Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 10 MONTHS.
ON 06/04/2024 MORE THAN 1.951.050
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
31-12-2020
Russian astronauts had an encounter with “Angels” in space (Video)
Russian astronauts had an encounter with “Angels” in space (Video)
Russian astronauts from Salyut 7, a space station, narrated two different encounters with ” angels ” or winged extraterrestrial beings.
Salyut 7 was a Soviet Union space station from the 1980s. In July 1984 , six of its Russian astronauts witnessed two separate sightings of seven giant humanoid and alien ( angel-like ) winged beings . It is unlikely that it was a shared or collective hallucination , so the report is surprising.
Salyut 7 was the last space station of that Salyut program initiated on April 19, 1982 by the Soviet Union, during the Cold War. It completed its mission in 1986 . This station was 16 meters long and was home to six crews.
Russian Salyut 7 astronauts and the sighting of «angels»
Russian Salyut 7 astronauts and the sighting of «angels» Salyut 7. (Public domain) Russian astronauts Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyev and Oleg Atkov spent 237 days in space in 1984 and were the three witnesses to the first paranormal phenomenon that occurred on July 12, 1984 : the sighting of angels or alien winged beings.
The first thing they observed was ” a strange orange glow around the spacecraft . ” It was like a ” cloud ” of mysterious cosmic origin and not a “gas leak” , as the crew first thought. In the end, an ” explosion of orange light ” left them momentarily blinded.
According to researcher William Henry , witnesses, after the explosion, were able to spot seven winged humanoid entities (seven angels) . They were also gigantic: “they were more than 24 meters high . ” One of the astronauts said:
What we saw were seven giant human-shaped figures, but with wings and halos like mist, as in classic descriptions of angels.
Furthermore, these beings gave off a kind of “energy” or “aura” of peace and positive feelings (they even smiled at them !). They were outside Salyut 7 for about ten minutes and then they disappeared .
Collective hallucination or real beings?
The second incident occurred on July 17 , after three other astronauts arrived : Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Svetlana Savitskaya and Igor Volk . The seven angels reappeared . Both incidents were reported to the command station on Earth. The first was considered by scientists in charge as a hallucination caused by the loss of oxygen and pressure changes .
Hans Zatzka (Public Domain)/The Conversation, CC BY-ND
I grew up in a Christian home, where a photo of Jesus hung on my bedroom wall. I still have it. It is schmaltzy and rather tacky in that 1970s kind of way, but as a little girl I loved it. In this picture, Jesus looks kind and gentle, he gazes down at me lovingly. He is also light-haired, blue-eyed, and very white.
The problem is, Jesus was not white. You’d be forgiven for thinking otherwise if you’ve ever entered a Western church or visited an art gallery. But while there is no physical description of him in the Bible, there is also no doubt that the historical Jesus, the man who was executed by the Roman State in the first century CE, was a brown-skinned, Middle Eastern Jew.
This is not controversial from a scholarly point of view, but somehow it is a forgotten detail for many of the millions of Christians who will gather to celebrate Easter this week.
On Good Friday, Christians attend churches to worship Jesus and, in particular, remember his death on a cross. In most of these churches, Jesus will be depicted as a white man, a guy that looks like Anglo-Australians, a guy easy for other Anglo-Australians to identify with.
Think for a moment of the rather dashing Jim Caviezel, who played Jesus in Mel Gibson’s Passion of the Christ. He is an Irish-American actor. Or call to mind some of the most famous artworks of Jesus’ crucifixion – Ruben, Grunewald, Giotto – and again we see the European bias in depicting a white-skinned Jesus.
Does any of this matter? Yes, it really does. As a society, we are well aware of the power of representation and the importance of diverse role models.
After winning the 2013 Oscar for Best Supporting Actress for her role in 12 Years a Slave, Kenyan actress Lupita Nyong’o shot to fame. In interviews since then, Nyong’o has repeatedly articulated her feelings of inferiority as a young woman because all the images of beauty she saw around her were of lighter-skinned women. It was only when she saw the fashion world embracing Sudanese model Alek Wek that she realised black could be beautiful too.
If we can recognise the importance of ethnically and physically diverse role models in our media, why can’t we do the same for faith? Why do we continue to allow images of a whitened Jesus to dominate?
Jim Caviezel in Mel Gibson’s 2004 film The Passion of the Christ. IMDB
Many churches and cultures do depict Jesus as a brown or black man. Orthodox Christians usually have a very different iconography to that of European art – if you enter a church in Africa, you’ll likely see an African Jesus on display.
But these are rarely the images we see in Australian Protestant and Catholic churches, and it is our loss. It allows the mainstream Christian community to separate their devotion to Jesus from compassionate regard for those who look different.
I would even go so far as to say it creates a cognitive disconnect, where one can feel deep affection for Jesus but little empathy for a Middle Eastern person. It likewise has implications for the theological claim that humans are made in God’s image. If God is always imaged as white, then the default human becomes white and such thinking undergirds racism.
Historically, the whitewashing of Jesus contributed to Christians being some of the worst perpetrators of anti-Semitism and it continues to manifest in the “othering” of non-Anglo Saxon Australians.
This Easter, I can’t help but wonder, what would our church and society look like if we just remembered that Jesus was brown? If we were confronted with the reality that the body hung on the cross was a brown body: one broken, tortured, and publicly executed by an oppressive regime.
How might it change our attitudes if we could see that the unjust imprisonment, abuse, and execution of the historical Jesus has more in common with the experience of Indigenous Australians or asylum seekers than it does with those who hold power in the church and usually represent Christ?
Perhaps most radical of all, I can’t help but wonder what might change if we were more mindful that the person Christians celebrate as God in the flesh and saviour of the entire world was not a white man, but a Middle Eastern Jew.
Robyn J. Whitaker, Bromby Senior Lecturer in Biblical Studies, Trinity College
“This could be a hugely significant moment in the history of UFOs.”
While the final count is not in yet, there is a general consensus among UFO researchers that the total number of sightings in 2020 is way up, and much of it is due to the worldwide coronavirus pandemic which has kept people home with time on their hands to look up, and a sky that has a reduced amount of conventional aircraft (less flights), pollution (less automobiles) and lights (less office lights, headlights, etc.). Gary Heseltine is one of those researchers and he recently went a step further – in an interview, he said that this increase in sightings is making the public more demanding of answers and more open to the truth about what these UFOs might be – a truth he believes the British government (and others) has been hiding from the public.
“My name is Gary Heseltine and I am a retired Detective Constable. I served in the British Transport police between 1989-2013. Collar number 1877. In January 2002 I launched the database. The database caters for serving and retired officers who have been involved in British UFO police sightings. When I began the database I had a half dozen police reports involving approximately 10 police officers. Now after 13 years of research I have collected over 500 reports dating back to 1901 involving over 1000 police officers.”
As his website attests, Gary Heseltine is no ordinary UFO researcher. The retired British police officer is the creator manager of the PRUFOS (Police Reporting UFO Sightings) database and the editor of UFO Truth magazine. He collected over 500 UFO reports by police officers both on and off duty by 2015 when this biography was written and has not stopped accumulating them. Nor has he stopped demanding answers from the British government, which stopped keeping an official record of UFO reports in 2009 after 50 years as a function of the Ministry of Defence.
“The coronavirus pandemic has coincided with a 30-year high spike in global UFO sightings.”
In April 2020, The Daily Star was already reporting a significant spike in UFO sightings that has not abated. While many are being attributed to the SpaceX Starlink satellite project, Heseltine points out in his interview with The Sun that this is actually a good thing – it helps reduce the public’s fear of UFOs and UFO reporting. And, while the 1989 spike in sightings was attributed to secret military tests, Heseltine points out that “In over 50 years no UFO report has revealed anything to suggest a military threat to the UK.” Based on that, he issued another demand:
“It’s high time they changed and we had an open attitude to explore the best evidence in the public.”
Like a good ex-cop investigator, Heseltine won’t give up. In 2016 he demanded answers about a UFO encounter on September 17, 2016, over Bristol Channel when a police helicopter belonging to the National Police Air Service (NPAS) in South Wales photographed a glowing orb using an infrared camera set to pick up heat-emitting objects. Heseltine submitted Freedom of Information Requests for flight maps and audio from the helicopter and, when he was ignored, went to the media. He did the same in 2019 when there was a worldwide increase in sightings of snake-like UFOs. Now he’s doing it again.
Can the public handle the truth?
Researchers like Gary Heseltine are the personification of a never-ending clash of catchphrases: “The truth is out there” from The X-Files, and “You can’t handle the truth!” from “A Few Good Men.” Only in this case, Heseltine is both Fox Mulder and one of the few good men. Let’s hope he succeeds in leading us to the truth.
The Milky Way seems like a nice galaxy. Why would anyone – on Earth or any other planet — want to leave the Milky Way permanently? That’s just one of the many questions to ponder as Chinese astronomers announced the discovery of 591 high-velocity stars and 43 of them appear to be heading out for parts unknown. Was it something we said in one of those SETI messages?
“Though rare in the Milky Way, high-velocity stars, with unique kinematics, can provide deep insight into a wide range of Galactic science, from the central supermassive black hole to distant Galactic halo.”
591 high velocity stars' positions and orbits
KONG XIAO OF NAOC
In a press release announcing the paper on this discovery published in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, co-author Luo Youjun from the National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC) explains the rarity of high-velocity stars – so-called because they’re moving faster than 65 km/s to 100 km/s relative to the average motion of the stars in the Sun’s neighborhood. First discovered in 2005, only 550 had been discovered in total until this new batch more than doubled it. Credit goes to data from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) in China and the European Space Agency’s Gaia space observatory.
“From the kinematics and chemistries, we found that the 591 high-velocity stars were inner halo stars.”
NAOC Prof. Luo Ali explains that these stars are in the inner portion of the galactic halo — the spherical outer edge beyond the visible part of a galaxy. There are four types: hypervelocity stars, runaway stars, hyper-runaway stars, and fast halo stars. Of this group, around 80 are metal-rich halo stars and at least 43 are runaways with escape probabilities larger than 50%. They can be ‘running’ away for one of three reasons (or a combination of them): a collision between stars or galaxies; a supernova explosion in a multistar system; or gravitational interactions between stars in a multistar system. Since the Milky Way’s halo is thought to contain the remnants of galactic collisions, that might be the primary cause of these particular runaways.
“The discovery of these high-velocity stars tells us that the combination of multiple large surveys in the future will help us to discover more high-velocity stars and other rare stars, which will be used to study the unsolved mystery about our Galaxy.”
Senior author Professor Gang Zhao from NAOC thinks the high-velocity runaways are key to solving the mystery of the formation of the Milky Way, especially how the halo was formed by galactic accretion (absorbing other galaxies) and tidal disruption of dwarf galaxies (when its stars approach the supermassive black hole in the center and are pulled apart).
Are those sufficient reasons for a star to run away from its galaxy? Astronomers are so unromantic.
ALL RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
BIG UFO CAUGHT ON VIDEO HOVERING OVER THE PHILIPPINES 12-17-2020 UFO SPOTTED FLYING IN A CITY OVER THE PHILIPPINES ON 12-17-2020. THE CRAFT IN QUESTION HOVERED OVER A BUILDING BEFORE ASCENDING UP IN THE CLOUDS.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
The James Fox UFO documentary on Travel 12/30/20
The James Fox UFO documentary on Travel 12/30/20
Copyright 2020, InterAmerica, Inc.
Travel‘s airing of the James Fox UFO documentary Wednesday night (8 to 10 p.m) was superb.
(Was it the Phenomenon movie or parts culled from it?)
Old classic UFO sightings had material that I hadn’t seen before; for example, the measured footprints alongside the Socorro landing impressions from the 1964 craft that Lonnie Zamora spotted.
(I noted that a cursory fling at the 1966 Ann Arbor/Dexter UFO sighting misspelled the main witness’s name as Frank Manor when it’s Frank Mannor.)
The 1959 Reverend Gill sighting was encapsulated by a video of Reverend Gill talking about it and giving credence to what he and his parishioners saw.
The AATIP videos were exploited and made fresh by new insights.
There were so many old/new things presented with material(s) not known by most UFOers that it was one of the best UFO presentations I’ve seen.
The 1994 Ariel school sighting ended the showing with an elaboration that provided information indicating, for me, the idea that UFOs and their alleged “pilots” are from our future, rather than extraterrestrials.
The airing was dedicated to Stanton Friedman, a nice touch.
Ancient Faces Off Greenland, Google Earth Discovery! Video, UFO Sighting News.
Ancient Faces Off Greenland, Google Earth Discovery! Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of discovery:Dec 31, 2020 Location of discovery: Between Greenland and Canada Google Coordinates: 81° 2'0.79"N 84°58'37.99"W
I was using Google Earth map and found a woman's face along the water. I say woman's because I believe the alien artist used the water as part of its art...using part of nature to mesh into the beauty of the woman and to exaggerate how beautiful she was by insinuating that her hair was long and flowing like the ocean itself. She also has a ruffled dress that comes just above the breast area, no straps holding it up. Her bare shoulders are both visible and magnificently done.
I also found a harbor area that looks intelligently made. And there is also another face, that I believe will frighten people so much that they may try to deny its real. Because the human defense mechanisms are powerful and will fight anything that challenges how we see the world around us. Nothing is more challenging of our reality than the possibility that our reality is not the true reality of things.
Hello dear followers of the Latest UFO Sightings website. This crazy year is finally coming to the end! I hope you are all doing well and I wish you all the best in 2021!
Here’s a Youtube playlist with the best UFO sightings that were filmed this year.
A tool used for 'delicate abrading' dates back some 350,000 years
Such implements were previously thought to be introduced 200,000 years ago
Homo sapiens only arrived on the scene 300,000 years ago
Made of dolemite, it was probably used by early hominids on soft animal hides
Archaeologists believe they've found the oldest known tool used for grinding or scraping, dating back some 350,000 years.
Found in the Tabun Cave in northern Israel, the implement is a cobble, a type of small rounded stone, and predates homo sapiens by at least 50,000 years.
Previously, such tools weren't thought to have been introduced until much later, approximately 200,000 years ago.
It was used by prehistoric hominids for 'delicate abrading,' researchers say, though for exactly what purpose is still unknown.
Archaeologists in Israel have identified what they believe is the oldest known tool used for grinding or scraping, in Mount Carmel's Tabun Cave. At 350,000 years old, it predates modern homo sapiens by thousands of years
Tabun Cave, located on Mount Carmel near Haifa, was first explored by British archaeologist Dorothy Garrod in the 1920s.
It is believed to be home to one of the longest periods of human occupation in the Levant.
Excavations have suggested hominid activity there dating back at least 500,000 years.
Flint fragments discovered in the cave have provided the oldest signs of humans controlling fire.
Tabun Cave was first excavated in the 1920s and artifacts there date back at least 500,000 years. Flint fragments on the site have provided the earliest signs of humans controlling fire
Tabun Cave, at Mount Carmel in northern Israel, is believed to be the site of one of the longest periods of human occupation in the Levant
Made of the mineral dolomite, the tool was first uncovered in the 1960s, but its simplistic appearance led it to be largely ignored for decades.
More recently it was reexamined by a team from the University of Haifa's Zinman Institute of Archaeology as part of an ongoing effort to reassess items found at the cave.
Judging by microscopic wear patterns, they determined it was used for scraping surfaces—a groundbreaking discovery.
'The entire engagement in this technology is much later, around 200,000 years ago,' co-author Ron Shimelmitz told Haaretz.
It's evidence that 'at such an early stage a very significant technology was added to [the hominids'] 'toolbox,'' according to the researchers, who published their findings in the Journal of Human Evolution.
The dolemite cobble, seen here from different angles, bears markings similar to those found on later grinding tools. Grinding and scraping require a horizontal motion and allows for more delicate work
'While the tool is seemingly 'simple,' its early appearance and the fact that it has no parallel in such an early stage of human evolution give it world importance.'
They hypothesize it was used to work soft animal hides but whether for clothing or some other purpose is still a mystery.
'We were left with some question marks,' Shimelmitz told The Times of Israel.
Earlier stone tools have been found before—some dating to more than 3 million years ago—but they usually showed evidence of pounding or beating, which are vertical motions.
This dolemite cobble is the first known item used for scraping, which requires a horizontal motion and allows for more delicate manipulation of a material.
Marks on the stone are similar to those found on later grinding tools, The Times of Israel.
The discovery connects us more closely to our pre-human ancestor and allows scientists to trace 'how cognitive and motor abilities that developed during human evolution eventually evolved into important phenomena in human culture to this day,' the authors said in a statement, including agriculture, food production, fixed residences, storage and 'an increase in social and economic complexity.'
Knapped flint tools, which are easier to distinguish from natural rocks than the abrading stone
The world’s oldest stone tool used for “delicate” abrading work was found close to Haifa, Israel, and dates back approximately 350,000 years. This is pretty significant as it dates back about 150,000 years earlier than when those types of tools were previously thought to have existed.
According to the University of Haifa research team, the dolomite cobble, which was discovered in the Tabun Cave at Mount Carmel, was believed to have been used to wear down materials (most probably soft materials), although the exact purpose is still unknown.
Researchers Ron Shimelmitz, Iris Groman-Yaroslavski, Mina Weinstein-Evron, and Danny Rosenberg, of the university’s Zinman Institute of Archaeology, explained this further, “While the tool is seemingly ‘simple,’ its early appearance and the fact that it has no parallel in such an early stage of human evolution give it world importance,” adding that the small rounded stone was “at such an early stage a very significant technology was added to [the hominids’] ‘toolbox’.”
Haifa, Israel
This isn’t the oldest tool ever discovered, as previous discoveries have dated as far back as 1.5 million years; however, those were used to pound or beat materials. The cobble found in the Tabun Cave is the oldest known tool that was used for abrading materials. Another significant difference is that the cobble was used in a horizontal motion while the older pounding tools were used in vertical motions.
The researchers explained this further, “The small cobble is of immense importance because it allows us to trace the earliest origins of the abrasion action and how cognitive and motor abilities that developed during human evolution eventually evolved into important phenomena in human culture to this day, primarily involving abrasion and development of food production techniques, stationary settlement, agriculture, storage and later an increase in social and economic complexity.”
Mount Carmel
The tool was originally discovered in the 1960s but researchers have recently analyzed it in more detail as part of a project where experts study objects that have been previously found at the Mount Carmel sites. In fact, the cave in which the cobble was found has been used by hominids for the last 500,000 years so the site is of extreme importance.
The researchers saw that the stones contained marks which were consistent with abrading work. At that point, they performed several tests on additional dolomite cobbles that were discovered in the same area. They rubbed the cobbles against different materials in order to find out which ones made those same marks and they found that it was probably used on animal hides. (Pictures can be seen here.)
A stone abrasion tool, dated to be some 350,000 years old, that was found in the Tabun Cave in Mount Carmel.
(University of Haifa)
Archaeologists working at the Tabun Cave in Mount Carmel.
Part 1 of this two-part article was on a notorious character in a post-Second World War-era program called Paperclip. It was a Faustian pact of the worst kind: to secretly bring Nazi scientists to work in the United States. Indeed, immediately after the Second World War came to an end in 1945, certain elements of the military and intelligence community clandestinely sought to bring numerous scientists within the German medical and scientific communities into the United States to continue research – and at times highly controversial research – they had undertaken at the height of the war. It was research that included studies of human anatomy and physiology in relation to aerospace medicine, high-altitude exposure, and what was then termed “space biology.” The startling fact that some of these scientists were ardent Nazis, and even members of the notorious and feared SS, proved not a problem at all to the government of the time. Thus was born the notorious Paperclip, so named because the papers of the recruits were paper-clipped to regular American immigration forms.
In part 1, I revealed that if we are going to solve the Roswell mystery of 1947, then we need to think of new approaches – mainly because we’ve pretty much hit a brick wall. This brought me to a man named Hubertus Strughold – also a Nazi and also someone brought to the United States to work. Strughold was also someone who knew what happened at Roswell. My view is that instead of just focusing on Roswell the event to try and find answers, we should focus on the scientists who may have know what really happened at Roswell. And that would include at least some of the Paperclip scientists. So, having addressed Strughold in the first part of this article, today I’m going to focus on another German scientist brought to the United States and who knew of the “human experimentation” angle of Roswell.
Wernher von Braun was born in Wirsitz, Germany, on March 23, 1912 and earned his bachelor’s degree at the age of twenty from the University of Berlin, where he also received his doctorate in physics in 1934. Between 1932 and 1937, von Braun was employed by the German Ordnance Department and became technical director of the Peenemuende Rocket Center in 1937, where the V-2 rocket was developed. Von Braun came to the United States in September 1945 under contract with the Army Ordnance Corps as part of Paperclip and worked on high altitude firings of captured V-2 rockets at the White Sands Proving Ground, until he became project director of the Ordnance Research and Development Division Sub-Office at Fort Bliss, Texas. On October 28, 1949, the Secretary of the Army approved the transfer of the Fort Bliss group to Redstone Arsenal; and after his arrival in Huntsville in April 1950, von Braun was appointed Director of Development Operations.
Wernher von Braun
Major development projects under von Braun’s technical direction included the Redstone rocket, the Jupiter Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile, and the Pershing missile. He and his team of German scientists and engineers were also responsible for developing the Jupiter C Reentry Test Missile and launching the Free World’s first scientific earth satellite, Explorer 1. On July 1, 1960, von Braun and his team were transferred to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and became the nucleus of the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center at Redstone Arsenal. He served as Director of the Marshall Center until February 1970 when he moved to NASA Headquarters to serve as Deputy Associate Administrator. On 1 July 1972, von Braun left NASA to become Vice President of Engineering and Development for Fairchild Industries in Germantown, Maryland and was inducted into the Ordnance Corps Hall of Fame in 1973. Von Braun retired in January 1977 due to ill health and died on June 16, 1977.
The fact that several old-timers quietly told me that von Braun knew of Roswell – the truth of a horrifying human experiment and zero to do with aliens – makes me think that going after von Braun’s files might find something. Now, I’m not talking about the huge numbers of known files of the man. I’m talking about potential unknown files, ones that are perhaps tucked away in old archives – and that just might lead us to something important on Roswell. Going deeper and deeper into the work (and the still-hidden files) of Nazi scum just might throw light on the biggest controversy Ufology has ever had: Roswell.
James Doohan played Montgomery Scott in the original Star Trek TV show. Photo: Getty Images
The ashes of the late James Doohan, who played chief engineer Montgomery Scott on the original Star Trek television series, have been aboard the International Space Station for 12 years — and the Times of London has the fascinating backstory of how it happened. Doohan died in 2005 at the age of 85, and his family wanted to fulfill his wish of getting on the ISS.
Official requests to bring Doohan’s ashes on the ISS were denied, but Richard Garriott — one of the first private citizens to travel on the space station — managed to smuggle some of Doohan’s ashes into the space station’s Columbus module. Garriott says he took a laminated picture of Doohan and some of his ashes and put it under the floor of the Columbus. He didn’t tell anyone about the scheme — only he and Doohan’s family knew until now.
“It was completely clandestine,” Garriott told the Times. “His family were very pleased that the ashes made it up there but we were all disappointed we didn’t get to talk about it publicly for so long. Now enough time has passed that we can.”
It’s not the first time Doohan’s ashes have made into the heavens. A portion of his ashes were aboard SpaceX’s Falcon 1 rocket in 2008, but that rocket failed minutes after launch. And in 2012, an urn with some of Doohan’s ashes flew into space aboard the SpaceX Falcon 9. According to the Times, Doohan’s ashes have traveled some 1.7 billion miles across space, and have orbited the Earth more than 70,000 times.
Doohan’s son Chris thanked Garriott for smuggling his late father’s ashes aboard the ISS. “What he did was touching — it meant so much to me, so much to my family and it would have meant so much to my dad,” he said.
Years after his death, Scotty is still boldly going... well, you know the rest.
An enigmatic radio signal from the direction of Proxima Centauri, the Sun’s nearest stellar neighbor, has set the internet ablaze with rumor and speculation. It could turn out to be the real deal — a calling card from another civilization. More likely, it’s much ado about nothing.
The discovery was leaked to the British newspaper The Guardian, which reported the story December 18. Researchers subsequently granted interviews to Scientific American and National Geographic. Since then, however, the discovery team has remained tight-lipped about the signal. But the information revealed to date is intriguing.
A strange signal
The 64-meter Parkes radio telescope in Australia picked up the faint signal in April and May 2019 while observing Proxima Centauri, a red dwarf 4.25 light-years from Earth. Notably, this feeble star has at least two planets, one of which is a super-Earth with at least 1.17 Earth masses that orbits in the star’s habitable zone — the region around a star where a planet with the right conditions could host liquid water on its surface.
Astronomers were using Parkes to catch radio emission from powerful flares shooting off the star. But the $100 million Breakthrough Listen project, the world’s most advanced SETI endeavor, was piggybacking on the observations to simultaneously search for alien signals. In late October 2020, Breakthrough Listen intern Shane Smith, an undergraduate at Hillsdale College, found a narrowband transmission at a frequency of 982.002 megahertz — in a portion of the radio spectrum rarely used by human-made transmitters — buried in the data.
Although the press reports are a bit unclear on exactly how and when Parkes detected the signal, it apparently showed up during five 30-minute periods over several days, all while the telescope was pointing directly at Proxima. Notably, when the telescope was turned away from the star, the signal vanished. Ultimately, the signal’s origin appears tightly constrained within a 16'-wide circle — roughly half the size of the Full Moon — around Proxima Centauri on the sky.
Breakthrough Listen employs software filters that reject the cacophony of signals originating from Earth or Earth-orbiting satellites to isolate those coming from deep space. But this transmission was unlike anything the project has previously encountered. Team leader Andrew Siemion told Scientific American, “It has some particular properties that caused it to pass many of our checks, and we cannot yet explain it.”
Astronomers using the Parkes radio telescope in Australia have detected a signal of unknown origin coming from the region around Proxima Centauri.
Robert Naeye
Digging deeper
The team has dubbed the signal BLC-1, for Breakthrough Listen Candidate-1. And they are emphasizing the word “candidate.”
Pete Worden, executive director of Breakthrough Listen’s parent organization, Breakthrough Initiatives, told Scientific American that the signal is 99.9 percent likely to be human radio interference. On December 19, he tweeted: “At this point we have some interesting signals we believe are interference but as of yet have not been able to track down the source.”
Based on the information that has been made public, the signal was concentrated into an extremely narrow range of frequencies — the hallmark of an artificial signal and distinctly unlike all known natural radio sources. The transmission was apparently monotone, meaning it was not modulated in a manner that conveys more complex information.
Over the course of the observations, it increased in frequency — essentially rising in pitch — by an unspecified amount, suggesting a source moving toward the telescope. “It could be from the orbital motion of a planet, or from a free-floating transmitter, or from a transmitter on a moon,” Penn State University astronomer Jason Wright wrote on his blog.
But he quickly added, “The most likely explanation is probably that it is a source on the surface of the earth whose frequency is, for whatever reason, very slowly changing.”
Astronomers think the fact that the signal is very close to an integer MHz value strongly suggests a human origin, Wright also wrote. After all, why would aliens transmit signals that match such a specific value of a human-derived unit of measurement?
This artist's concept shows the rocky super-Earth Proxima b, which orbits in Proxima Centauri's habitable zone. Some astronomers have noted the extreme unlikelihood that the nearest civilization would also inhabit the closest planetary system. But Jasom Wright points out that one or more advanced civilizations could have set up a galactic communication network, with Proxima as the closest node to Earth for relaying messages.
ESO/M. Kornmesser
What if?
On the off chance that BLC-1 turns out to be the real deal, it would raise the question of whether humanity should send a reply — something within our current means. Our message could potentially stimulate a response in less than a decade, starting an interstellar dialogue well within the lifetimes of most people alive today. That’s an incredibly exciting prospect. But this possibility also raises concerning questions about our conversation partners: Who are they? What are their motives? Do they pose a threat? Technologically advanced beings at Proxima Centauri could reach Earth in a few decades if they can traverse interstellar space at an appreciable fraction of the speed of light. After all, Breakthrough Initiatives is planning just such a venture with its Starshot project, which plans to use a powerful laser to accelerate about a thousand ultra-lightweight, centimeter-sized craft attached to light sails. Such craft can theoretically attain 15 to 20 percent the speed of light, meaning they could reach the Proxima system in 20 to 30 years.
And what would such a nearby alien civilization know about us?
“I find it difficult to believe that a technological civilization on Proxima Centauri would not know about life on Earth,” says astrobiologist Jacob Haqq-Misra of the Blue Marble Space Institute of Science. “The only way they would not know is if they are almost exactly at our present-day level of technology, so that we are discovering them the same time they are discovering us. This is generally unlikely, because even a thousand-year difference between our two civilizations — a short time in astronomy — would lead to drastic differences in our detection capabilities.”
Next steps
The Breakthrough Listen team is now working on two scientific papers that will report more details on BLC-1. They are also undoubtedly trying to identify all possible sources of terrestrial interference, as well as determine whether the signal repeats by observing again with Parkes and other radio telescopes, or combing through archival data.
At least for now, BLC-1 is the most tantalizing SETI signal since Ohio State University’s Big Ear radio telescope picked up the powerful “Wow!” signal on August 15, 1977. That 72-second narrowband transmission emanated from the direction of Sagittarius. The signal has never repeated, but it also remains unexplained.
If BLC-1 is simply — as is most likely — human interference, then it's no big deal, perhaps just a bit of an embarrassment to whomever leaked the story to The Guardian. But if BLC-1 is a bona fide extraterrestrial signal, it could change the course of world history. An alien radio transmitter just 4.25 light-years from Earth would be a game changer. No doubt this is why the discovery team has gone silent and is working hard to get its analysis right.
Even if BLC-1 turns out to be human radio interference, detailed analysis will help SETI researchers refine their search parameters to make later searches more efficient. “Ultimately, I think we’ll be able to convince ourselves that [BLC-1] is interference. But the end result will certainly be that it will make our experiments more powerful in the future,” Siemion told National Geographic.
June 16, 1963, Albuquerque, New Mexico, One Of The Most Impressive “UFO” Photographic Sequences In The World.
June 16, 1963, Albuquerque, New Mexico, One Of The Most Impressive “UFO” Photographic Sequences In The World.
54 years ago in New Mexico, the farmer Paul Villa was able to capture with his Kodak camera a Discoidal Ship at close range and with Great Sharpness, the photographs obtained by Villa revealed the metallic structure of the Flying Disc, as well as its incredible evolutions in the air, the base and the dome of the object are perfectly distinguishable, as well as the “Windows” area right in the middle of the object,
Paul managed to immortalize the historic Encounter happened more than half a century ago.
Today as yesterday these “Machines” continue surprising us, capable of traveling from one universe to another, performing the most unusual maneuvers, overriding any airspace, changing their trajectory suddenly, suspending for hours at will, these Artifacts that are part of the so-called Phenomenon UFO, they have left the record of their presence for almost seven uninterrupted decades, it is time to accept this irrefutable Extraterrestrial reality.
Aliens From Andromeda Told US Army Personnel That Humans Are Composite Of 22 Different E.T. Races
Aliens From Andromeda Told US Army Personnel That Humans Are Composite Of 22 Different E.T. Races
Alex Collier is one of the famous alien contactees who claimed that for over 30 years, he had been in contact with aliens from the constellation Andromeda. Their contact included multiple visits to aliens’ spaceships and telepathic connections for decades.
Many well-known UFO enthusiasts considered Alex to be credible, at least in the sense that he tries to convey as fully as possible the information received from his contacts with the Andromedans.
Alien contactee Alex Collier served in military service as a helicopter pilot in the U.S. Army
Collier claimed that he was mentored by two andromedans, Vissaeus and Moranay. He said that those Andromedans are the descendants of the ancient Lyrans. The Andromedans took him aboard their spaceships, including a large extraterrestrial ship, where he had been training for three months. The Andromedans gave him information about cosmic spirituality, life in the universe, and the galactic history of Earth.
Alex Collier said that his first encounter with the Andromedans took place in 1964. Since 1985, he had been in constant and consistent communication with them. In 1993, he began attending seminars where he started sharing the information he received from the aliens with the people. In 1997, he even got a threat from some unknown people who wanted him to stop spreading the information. He took it seriously and did not speak until 2002.
Alex claimed that his first contact with aliens from Andromeda happened in 1964
According to various interviews by Collier, he described Earth being under the control of “regressive” extra-terrestrial beings. Those aliens came to Earth from the star system known as Alpha Draconis. He said that humans are separated by two different philosophical belief systems. One of them spreads love & free will, while the other one shows control and resource consumption.
In his last lecture before he retired from the UFO lecture circuit in 2002, Collier said that the ancient alien race known as the “Founders” are responsible for building planets’ environment and make them suitable for life. The Andromedans and the Pleiadians believed that this ancient alien race is called the “Paa Tal.”
He even said that those aliens are capable of removing moons to alter the planet’s position from its sun to control the amount of radiation. Andromedans could reportedly create a solar system.
Collier claimed that humans are composite of 22 different ETs races that arrived on Earth at different times
Collier noted that the Andromedans are about 4,300 to 4,500 years ahead of us in technology. They do not count years in 365 days as we do on Earth. According to different extraterrestrials, one year is a time when every cell in their body duplicates itself, and it takes around 34 years.
Dr. Michael E. Salla, a well-known scholar in international politics, conflict resolution, and U.S. foreign policy, claimed in one of his articles that aliens from other planets and civilizations live on Earth in peace. But for aliens, humans are barbarians and savages who pose a threat even to themselves.
Collier wrote in a letter in July 2009:
“Dr. Salla’s efforts to help bring humanity together and see the bigger picture will have a profound effect on humanity positively for decades. And I also feel that Dr. Salla’s honesty is beyond reproach.”
Collier claimed that there are about 135 billion people living on the planets in the eight closest galaxies to us. He even said that when he visited one of those habitable planets, those people got scared of seeing an earthling because of our bad reputation. In the whole universe, only humans could make their own people slaves and kill them for their own benefits.
In his interview in 1994, he said that all human life originated from the constellation Lyra. He said that the aliens from Andromeda were humans in every way. They were 4 to 8 feet tall with white & blue skin. He even talked about the missing children, the coming New World Order, control of dark forces on the world politicians, the existence of Reptilian aliens, our religions, and the history of Earth and our Universe.
The First British Person To Go Into Space Said She Believes Aliens Are Real And They May Be Among Us.
Dr Helen Sharman shares her first space memory, the historic 1975 Apollo-Soyuz mission.
Helen Sharman spent eight days in space as an astronaut, serving as a crew member on the Russian Mir space station. It was a fascinating experience that made her feel she had played a part in helping humanity to discover more about the universe.
In an interview published Sunday, she told the Observer magazine about her belief in extraterrestrial existence. “There are so many billions of stars out there in the universe that there must be all sorts of different forms of life,” she said. These beings may not be made of carbon and nitrogen (two of the composite elements in the human body) but rather of materials unseen by the human eye. “It’s possible they’re here right now and we simply can’t see them,” Sharman said.
Dr. Sharman was recognised in the 2018 New Year’s honours list and joined the Order of St Michael and St George. Elsewhere in the interview, she pointed out the sexism in the assumption that the first British astronaut must have been a man. “People often describe me as the first British woman in space, but I was actually the first British person,” she said. “It’s telling that we would otherwise assume it was a man.” Sharman, 56, is a chemist at Imperial College in London.
Though Sharman may be one of the first astronauts to share their beliefs in alien life forms unknown so publicly, she isn’t alone. Apollo 11 astronaut Michael Collins, when asked on Twitter if he believed in life outside Earth, responded “yes” – without any further context.
NASA astronaut Michael Collins believes in alien life outside of Earth
(Image: NASA/GETTY)
Beyond the belief that there are alien life forms and they could be among us, Ms. Sharman gained further insights. She shared being in space taught her it’s people, not material goods, which truly matter. She recognized that she had all she needed to survive: the right temperature, food and drink, safety. She did not think about the physical items owned on Earth while in space. What she did realize is “When we flew over specific parts of the globe, it was always our loved ones we thought of down below us.”
As an experienced astronaut, Ms. Sharman has advice for young people interested in a career in space. Sharman found her opportunity to go into space through her work as a scientist, and she would definitely encourage young people to think of a career in science. Science opens up the world – it’s such an interesting topic that enables you to play a part in discovery and making our world better.
Sharman shared she almost decided not to apply for the Mission, and if she didn’t just give it a try, she would not have travelled into space at all.
She said: As my mum used to tell me: ‘If you don’t try something, you’ll never know what might have happened.’
Memory swipes: Samantha McDonald says she has been abducted by aliens
A British woman claims she has been abducted by aliens on repeated visits since she first made contact with them in the 1990s.
Samantha McDonald told a sceptical Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby on This Morning how she has experienced supernatural activity from the early 1990s until last year.
She describes her extraterrestrial visitors as 'the reptilians' and 'the greys' - who she believes are working together.
She said: 'I've asked them what they want with me and they have said they had come to take me and my family. What they were after was my energy and soul essence.
'I don't know why they keep coming back to me. I think it is to do with my energies as I'm into healing and meditation.'
When asked to describe what happens when she's taken, Samantha said she has no recollection of her ordeals.
She explained: 'You don't always remember the abductions because you have memory swipes. You just feel like you have been somewhere but you don't actually remember it.'
When Phillip queried if this is what most of us what describe as a dream she replied: 'No definitely not. I've woken up with marks all over my body and been possessed - sometimes to the point of mind control - where thoughts come into your head that are not your own. I can't explain it any other way.'
She added that she has woken up to find her body covered in needle marks, scratches and bruises after an abduction.
While she hasn't had a visit for the past year, Samantha said she doesn't fear a return.
'I've been through so much already I try to take it in my stride,' she said.
She revealed that she believes her other-worldly experiences have also led to her being put under surveillance on Earth, stating she often has black helicopters over her home and has been followed by police cars. ''I think they are trying to send the message, "we are watching you, you better be careful"', Samantha said of the not so subtle surveillance.
Samantha appeared on the ITV show as part of their 'supernatural week' along with Joanne Summerscales, founder of the AMMACH Project (which stands for Anomalous Mind Management Abductee Contactee Helpline).
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Not alone: Joanne Summerscales, left, has said Samantha is not alone in her experience of extraterrestrials and so she has set up a support group to help them
Joanne said that through her work on the project, which is designed to support those 'usually ridiculed by mainstream "conventionals"' she has found many common threads in experience of those who say they have been abducted by aliens.
Like Samantha claims, many say they have woken up to find themselves covered in unexplained injuries and seem to be under surveillance.
'It's really common. The frequency of helicopter sightings over people who have had alien abductions is phenomenal,' she said.
Joanne said she didn't believe sleep paralysis was an explanation for why people feel they have experienced alien abduction, even though the symptoms of the condition include an temporary inability to move, a feeling someone is in the room, hallucinations and sometimes unconsciously self harming.
Unexplained injuries: Samantha says she has woken up covered in needle marks and bruises following her abductions
Joanne said some of these people have been examined by MRI scans and black light frequency 48 hours after their experience and this has shown florescent marks such as handprints on their bodies.
She said she is never incredulous about the supernatural stories people tell her.
'We have to treat people who say this has happened to them with respect,' she said. 'I don't believe in aliens, I know about them, so it's not about believing but knowing.'
During the rest of the week, This Morning will meet a number of people who claim to have had supernatural experiences - from ghost sightings to telekinesis.
Ahead of the special week, the show asked viewers for their views on the supernatural.
Their survey of 1500 men and women found that almost one in three think they may have seen a UFO and the same number think they have seen a ghost.
Nearly one in five had visited a medium but almost half of them felt cheated by the person claiming to have psychic powers.
A third say they have experienced items vanishing or moving or odd bumps in the night. Sixty per cent don't believe it's possible to move an object with the power of your mind but 20 per cent believe you can have sex with ghosts.
The results also revealed that Samantha isn't the only one to feel a victim of alien abduction, as four per cent said it had also happened to them.
Supernatural: Other This Morning viewers said they have experienced UFOs
A spokesman from This Morning said: 'Our viewers are fascinated by the supernatural and these survey results show that many have had an encounter with a ghost, seen UFO's and would like to make contact with the dead.
'During the week our hosts - some reluctantly - will explore the supernatural world more closely with experts and will also try to find evidence of the afterlife themselves.'
Indeed, a phone in from viewers later in the today's show revealed others have had experiences of UFOs. One said they had seen a strange flying object while driving late at night while another said they had seen crop circles and believed aliens were trying to communicate with us via our food.
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Former Apollo Astronaut Says E.T. Intervention Prevented Nuclear War
Former Apollo Astronaut Says E.T. Intervention Prevented Nuclear War
One of the six men to set foot on the moon back in 1971, Edgar Mitchell, has never held back on remarks about extraterrestrial existence and activity, but his recent statements are nothing short of amazing. He says aliens were not just simply visiting our planet or studying human behavior, but actively attempting to stop the Cold War before it even began.
The Apollo 14 member tells us he has knowledge of UFO presence during almost every single weapons test carried out by the U.S. The peculiar and fast moving objects are said to have been spotted by not only regular troops, but also members of a higher rank.
One such facility was the infamous White Sands, where the first ever nuclear explosion took place, but most missile testing bases had been visited frequently by spacecraft during that period, according to Mitchell, who quotes military insiders on his claims.
He also states he has knowledge of his own, because he spent his childhood and teen years in New Mexico, somewhere around the bomb testing base, and also in the vicinity of Roswell, where the worldwide UFO community firmly believes the most notorious extraterrestrial encounter happened.
He says the aliens were showing interest in White Sands because they knew humans were testing a weapon they hadn’t yet completely developed and wanted to know about America’s ability when it came to such powerful weapons.
One other reason could be the aliens were worried that nuclear warfare or even testing might somehow affect their planet or some other parts of the universe. The veteran doesn’t’ think so though. He is firmly convinced their sole focus was to keep peace on Earth.
Edgar Mitchell says it is not only his opinion, but also that of people he has spoken to along the years who have been part of such encounters. For example, he says the staff camped at important missile bases in the harshest period of the Cold War could often see flying objects directly above them, in those uncertain moments when the push of a button could wipe out a whole continent.
Many times the aliens would make their equipment or missiles malfunction. In areas of the Pacific Ocean, personnel reported their flying missiles being shot down by unidentified aircraft. Mitchell also suggests the number of UFO encounters during that period is simply too high to be taken like a joke or conspiracy theory.
When asked about his thoughts on Edgar Mitchell’s remarks, Nick Pope (the Ministry of Defense’s UFO investigator) said Mitchell is a respectable and honest man, but we can’t be sure his sources, high ranking officials or not, have been similarly honest with him, so his claims could never really be verified because of the classified aspect of his discussions with such people.
Pope also said that the possibility of aliens attempting to keep peace on our planet by sending simple flying aircraft above military bases was a naïve fairy tale, because if we’re really being watched by extraterrestrials, they’re probably so advanced compared to us that they had far more powerful things available if they wanted to stop a nuclear war. Well’ you can’t tell us we’re all crazy Mr. Pope. There’s another Pope already doing it.
As a result of my recent article on my thoughts and observations on the History Channel’s 3-part show on Roswell, a few people contacted me about my words and opinions. I mentioned in the same article that Roswell is now at a stand-still. We’ve hit a brick wall. The Air Force of today can’t find any files. Does that mean we are destined to never get the truth? Well, it depends on our approach. Almost all of the firsthand witnesses are gone. Records? None of an intriguing nature exist, aside from the so-called “Ramey Memo.” Admittedly, that is worth addressing. For all of the research that has been done, though, the memo issue – like so many other angles of Roswell – has now stalled. There is one way that might work, though, and that’s to focus our attentions on various people outside of the direct confines of the Roswell event. That might sound odd, given that we’re trying to find answers to Roswell. But, bear with me. Here’s one example that might work: while doing work for my two Roswell books – Body Snatchers in the Desert andThe Roswell UFO Conspiracy– one name popped up on a few occasions. We’re talking about an extremely controversial man named Hubertus Strughold. Here’s a bit of background on the man.
In January 1994, President Bill Clinton appointed an Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (ACHRE) that was tasked with investigating unethical medical experimentation undertaken on human beings from the mid-1940s onward. The ACHRE was quick to realize that the notorious operation “Paperclip” personnel played direct roles in post-war human experimentation in America. To be sure, Paperclip was a totally disturbing, Faustian pact of hitherto unseen proportions. That brings us to the aforementioned Strughold. Born in Germany in 1898, Strughold obtained a Ph.D. in Biochemistry in 1922, an M.D. in Sensory Physiology in 1923 and between 1929 and 1935 served as Director of the Aeromedical Research Institute, Berlin.
In 1947, as a result of Paperclip’s actions, Strughold joined the staff of the Air Force’s School of Aviation Medicine at Randolph Field, Texas; and in 1949 he was named head of the then-newly-formed Department of Space Medicine at the School – where, according to documentation uncovered by the ACHRE, he conducted research into “effects of high speed;” “lack of oxygen;” “decompression;” “effects of ultra-violet rays;” “space cabin simulator for testing humans;” “weightlessness;” and “visual disturbances.” Strughold was naturalized as an American citizen in 1956 and, four years later, became Chair of the Advanced Studies Group, Aerospace Medical Center at Brooks Air Force Base. Strughold – whose awards and honors included the USAF Exceptional Civilian Service Award and the Theodore C. Lyster Award of the Aerospace Medical Association – retired in 1968. And, as the Advisory Committee Staff stated:
“Perhaps the most prominent of the Paperclip physicians was Hubertus Strughold, called ‘the father of space medicine’ and for whom the Aeromedical Library at the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine was named in 1977. During the War, he was director of the Luftwaffe’s aeromedical institute; a Strughold staff member was acquitted at Nuremberg on the grounds that the physician’s Dachau laboratory was not the site of nefarious experiments. Strughold had a long career at the SAM, including the recruitment of other Paperclip scientists in Germany. His background was the subject of public controversy in the United States. He denied involvements with Nazi experiments and told reporters in this country that his life had been in danger from the Nazis. A citizen for 30 years before his death in 1986, his many honors included an American Award from the Daughters of the American Revolution.”
“An April 1947 intelligence report on Strughold states: ‘[H]is successful career under Hitler would seem to indicate that he must be in full accord with Nazism.’ However, Strughold’s colleagues in Germany and those with whom he had worked briefly in the United States on fellowships described him as politically indifferent or anti-Nazi. In his application to reside in this country, he declared: ‘Further, the United States is the only country of liberty which is able to maintain this liberty and the thousand-year-old culture and western civilization, and it is my intention to support the United States in this task, which is in danger now, with all my scientific abilities and experience.’
“In a 1952 civil service form, Strughold was asked if he had ever been a member of a fascist organization. His answer: ‘Not in my opinion.’ His references therein included the Surgeon General of the Air Force, the director of research at the Lovelace Foundation in New Mexico, and a colleague from the Mayo Clinic. In September 1948, Strughold was granted a security clearance from the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency director, Captain Wev, who in the previous March had written to the Department of State protesting the difficulty of completing immigration procedures for Paperclip recruits.”
I can’t prove that after he came to the United States Strughold was quietly briefed (in 1948) on what happened at Roswell. Several of the old-timers I interviewed, however, were 100 percent sure that Strughold was briefed on it. Not because the Roswell affair involved aliens (it didn’t; the whole thing was a terrible series of unethical, monstrous experiments using people), but because it was hoped Strughold would be able to advance U.S. research in the field of high-altitude experimentation – something that had gone disastrously wrong at Roswell in 1947. So, my suggestion is that we expand our horizons: we’ve got just about all we can find concerning the Roswell controversy. But, something along the lines of an extensive investigation of just about every official document concerning Strughold might reveal. And, then let’s see where the threads and leads take us then. And so on. Maybe, there’s something sitting somewhere in a vault that contains a wealth of material on Strughold that has been overlooked, but that might reveal something important to us. I may, of course, just be grasping at straws. But, the fact that several people said Strughold knew all of what happened – having been secretly briefed – suggests it’s the people and their backgrounds we need to dig into to get answers. And, I’m not talking about U.S. personnel. I’m thinking of Paperclip and the people who were in it. Yes, a huge amount of material on Paperclip has been declassified. Maybe, though, there’s a lot still out of our hands. It’s these alternative avenues we need to go down if we’re going to stand a chance of getting some good, solid answers. They might be the only things left for us.
Linda Moulton Howe: Betty and Barney Hill… The First Documented Alien Abductees
Linda Moulton Howe: Betty and Barney Hill… The First Documented Alien Abductees
Linda Moulton Howe Betty and Barney Hill… The First Documented Alien Abductees
COAST TO COAST AM INSIDER Archived Show – Linda Moulton Howe discussed and played the original Betty and Barney Hill hypnosis audio that was recorded by Benjamin Simon, M. D., in Boston. Betty and Barney Hill are known to be the first documented alien abductees.
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UFOs in formation over Gulf of Mexico 29-Dec-2020
UFOs in formation over Gulf of Mexico 29-Dec-2020
These unknown bright UFOs were caught on tape in the Gulf of Mexico on 29th December 2020.
Witness report:
Unidentified objects in sky while working offshore, they stayed stationary for over 10 mins, then just faded out. We were about 3 miles away working offshore and on a boat, fixing to ride the personnel basket up on to a platform. It’s about 40 miles south of port Arkansas in Texas.
What do we know about these strange men dressed in black?
Just as they are portrayed in movies, the men in black dress in dark suits, shades and hats. They are government agents who work to keep any alien or UFO information secret and away from the public.
There are few who claim they’d been visited by the men in black in the past. Having an encounter with the men in black is never coincidental.
They warn people to destroy any information on aliens or UFO they may possess. They tent to go further by warning people to keep quiet about what they have encountered otherwise there would be consequences.
While there isn’t much evidence of their existence because of how highly undercover they are, there are a few who speak of their encounters with the men in black.
In 1947, in Maury Washington, a fisherman by the name Harold Dahl, his son and their dog were on a boat when they saw 6 donut-shaped flying saucers hovering over them in Puget Sound near the Eastern shore of Maury island.
One of the strange crafts fell which caused debris to fall from the sky killing his dog and injuring his sons’ arm.
Dahl started to talk about what he’d seen to his friends and family. Later, he was visited by a man in a black suit. The man warned Dahl not to speak of what he’d seen or there would be consequences. Soon after, Harold Dahl started denying what he’d seen. It wasn’t until a few years later that he re-mentioned the man in black who came to visit him.
Dr. Herbert Hopkins worked as a UFO consultant in Maine. One day he got a call from a UFO activist who claimed there was a UFO sighting in the area. The activist wanted to share information on the encounter with Hopkins.
A few moments after the phone call, a man in black visited Hopkins. He warned Hopkins to destroy the evidence once the UFO activist hands it over to him.
Dr. Hopkins was very skeptical of this man and who he was. The man in black, as a scare tactic, revealed that Hopkins has two quarters in his pocket. He asked Hopkins to pull one of the quarters out and place it in his palm. Hopkins claimed that he saw the quarter slowly fade out of his own hand.
The man in black went on to ask Hopkins if he knew an abductee by the name Barney Hill. Hopkin revealed that he knew Barney had died a few years earlier.
The man in black then stated that Barney didn’t have a heart just like he didn’t have a coin. This implied Barney was killed by the agency. Dr. Hopkins was so scared that he destroyed all of his UFO and alien files.
A man by the name of Jim Templeton was spending the day with his daughter in Solway, Firth. Solway is located in the UK near the boarder of Ireland. Templeton snapped a photo of his daughter that revealed a figure in a strange looking space suit standing in the background.
Templeton went to Kodak, who developed the film and they revealed the photo to be authentic. Templeton was later visited by two men in black who referred to themselves as number 9 and number 10.
They wanted to know where Templeton snapped the photograph. When Templeton revealed that he didn’t see the figure in real life and only encountered him in the image, they stormed off.
The image of Templeton’s daughter and the strange figure went public and was aired worldwide. Templeton was then contacted by a staff member who worked at a missile launch pad in Australia. The staff member revealed that two similar figures appeared on their security footage.
Actor Dan Akroyd, who played a role in the film Ghost Busters also encountered the men in black.
Akroyd was filming a series on the paranormal and was researching UFOs for his part. One night, during production, he stepped out of the studio for a phone call when he saw a black ford parked outside. A tall man in black stepped out of the car and starred at Akroyd intensely.
Akroyd turned away from the man and when he looked back, the car and the man in black were both gone. Upon returning to the studio, Akroyd found out that the series was cancelled and production was to halt immediately.
One of the most prominent information on the men in black is on a footage captured in a hotel lobby in 2012.
In April of 2012, in a hotel in Canada, two men entered a hotel looking for the manager who was talking about a UFO sighting he encountered. The manager wasn’t in the hotel at the time but was informed by the bellboy about the two men. The men were described as having no hair, no eyebrows and had identical faces.
6 km long underground world under the Pyramids of Egypt
6 km long underground world under the Pyramids of Egypt
Egypt is a historical treasure. Packed with monuments, many have been discovered under the surface. This suggests the existence of a whole underground world.
Egypt is the land of mystery and ancient treasures. Many people still believe that the Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest , however, there is one that is even older.
The Stepped Pyramid of Djoser was built about 4,700 years ago , in the Third Dynasty of Egypt.
According to Egyptologists, Djoser , during his reign, was in charge of its construction , naming Imhotep as its architect. A young man who, without knowing it, would revolutionize Egyptian architecture and continue to surprise us today.
The Step Pyramid and what it meant to Ancient Egypt
Egypt had never seen anything like it. It was built entirely of carved stone, becoming the first great monument in history.
For its construction, Imhotep had to have a colossal workforce , almost impossible. According to archeology, it took around 19 years to complete , suggesting that Djoser ruled throughout that time.
According to experts, the pyramid did not start as one, as its foundations show that it was thought of as a mastaba , so Imhotep had to redesign its construction in the process.
In fact, Egypt lacks square mastabas, or at least, to date, none have been found.
The Metropolis of Saqqara
Despite the fact that this pyramid was the most complex construction in the Saqqara Metropolis , there are other buildings of greater importance in the area.
The structures that were in the center were totally surrounded by a limestone wall that reached up to 10.5 meters in height , which had up to 14 doors, but with only one entrance.
It should also be noted that the complex was massive ; it is estimated that it reached up to 15 hectares of land. Simply put, it was 3 times bigger than the Old Kingdom city of Hierakonpolis .
Despite all the marvelous things that we have mentioned, from the dimensions of the complex and the construction of the pyramid, this takes second place when it is known that, under the surface , there is a city equal to or more impressive than the one on its surface.
The underworld
If we believe that the entire Saqqara complex was colossal, the underworld that was built under the Djoser pyramid is a whole metropolis .
Until now, it is not known, nor is it understood, why Imhotep built a whole network of tunnels , chambers, rooms and an extensive labyrinth that, according to studies, reaches up to 6 kilometers in diameter.
This underground world is connected to a kind of chamber of several square meters, located at a depth of 28 meters that is practically in the heart of the Step Pyramid.
Egyptologists assure that this intraterrestrial world under the pyramid would be a funerary complex that tried to imitate the palace and would serve as the place where the spirits of the royal family would live.
But there is a problem; if Djoser’s Step Pyramid was the one that inspired the construction of the rest of the pyramids , why weren’t more underground complexes built?
In fact, this was never attempted again in the next Egyptian generations, not even with the great complex of Giza and its colossal pyramids.
So far this mysterious complex has not been fully studied, so what it hides is not really known. We still have thousands of rooms to go through and study, so a story that, to date, has remained hidden from the world will possibly be discovered
How future spacecraft might handle tricky landings on Venus or Europa
How future spacecraft might handle tricky landings on Venus or Europa
Fan-powered descents and nimble landing legs are just two ideas for touching down safely
If a spacecraft (like the one shown in this artist’s concept) ever touches down on Jupiter’s icy moon Europa, the craft will need to be especially agile in order to stick its landing.
The best way to know a world is to touch it. Scientists have observed the planets and moons in our solar system for centuries, and have flown spacecraft past the orbs for decades. But to really understand these worlds, researchers need to get their hands dirty — or at least a spacecraft’s landing pads.
Since the dawn of the space age, Mars and the moon have gotten almost all the lander love. Only a handful of spacecraft have landed on Venus, our other nearest neighbor world, and none have touched down on Europa, an icy moon of Jupiter thought to be one of the best places in the solar system to look for present-day life (SN: 5/2/14).
Researchers are working to change that. In several talks at the virtual American Geophysical Union meeting that ran from December 1 to December 17, planetary scientists and engineers discussed new tricks that hypothetical future spacecraft may need to land on unfamiliar terrain on Venus and Europa. The missions are still in a design phase and are not on NASA’s launch schedule, but scientists want to be prepared.
Navigating a Venusian gauntlet
Venus is a notoriously difficult world to visit (SN: 2/13/18). Its searing temperatures and crushing atmospheric pressure have destroyed every spacecraft lucky enough to reach the surface within about two hours of arrival. The last landing was over 30 years ago, despite increasing confidence among planetary scientists that Venus’ surface was once habitable (SN: 8/26/16). That possibility of past, and perhaps current, life on Venus is one reason scientists are anxious to get back (SN: 10/28/20).
In one of the proposed plans discussed at the AGU meeting, scientists have ridged, folded mountainous terrain on Venus called tessera in their sights. “Safely landing in tessera terrain is absolutely necessary to satisfy our science objectives,” said planetary scientist Joshua Knicely of the University of Alaska Fairbanks in a talk recorded for the meeting. “We have to do it.”
Knicely is part of a study led by geologist Martha Gilmore of Wesleyan University in Middletown, Conn., to design a hypothetical mission to Venus that could launch in the 2030s. The mission would include three orbiters, an aerobot to float in the clouds and a lander that could drill and analyze samples of tessera rocks. This terrain is thought to have formed where edges of continents slid over and under each other long ago, bringing new rock up to the surface in what might have been some version of plate tectonics. On Earth, this sort of resurfacing may have been important in making the planet hospitable to life (SN: 4/22/20).
Ridged, folded mountainous terrain on Venus called tessera (bright region in this false-color image from NASA’s Magellan spacecraft) might have formed through long-ago tectonic activity.JPL-CALTECH/NASA
But landing in these areas on Venus could be especially difficult. Unfortunately, the best maps of the planet — from NASA’s Magellan orbiter in the 1990s — can’t tell engineers how steep the slopes are in tessera terrain. Those maps suggest that most are less than 30 degrees, which the lander could handle with four telescoping legs. But some could be up to 60 degrees, leaving the spacecraft vulnerable to toppling over.
“We have a very poor understanding of what the surface is like,” Gilmore said in a talk recorded for the meeting. “What’s the boulder size? What’s the rock size distribution? Is it fluffy?”
So the lander will need some kind of intelligent navigation system to pick out the best places to land and steer there. But that need for steering brings up another problem: Unlike landers on Mars, a Venus lander can’t use small rocket engines to slow down as it descends.
The shape of a rocket is tailored to the density of air that it will push against. That’s why rockets that launch spacecraft from Earth have two sections: one for Earth’s atmosphere and one for the near-vacuum of space. Venus’ atmosphere changes density and pressure so quickly between space and the planet’s surface that “dropping a kilometer would go from the rocket working perfectly, to it’s going to misfire and possibly blow itself apart,” Knicely says.
Instead of rockets, the proposed lander would use fans to push itself around, almost like a submarine, turning the disadvantage of the dense atmosphere into an advantage.
The planet’s atmosphere also presents the biggest challenge of all: seeing the ground. Venus’ dense atmosphere scatters light more than Earth’s or Mars’ does, blurring the view of the surface until the last few kilometers of descent.
Worse, the scattered light makes it seem like illumination is coming from all directions at once, like shining a flashlight into fog. There are no shadows to help show steep slopes or reveal big boulders that the lander could crash into. That’s a major issue, according to Knicely, because all of the existing navigation software assumes that light comes from just one direction.
“If we can’t see the ground, we can’t find out where the safe stuff is,” Knicely says. “And we also can’t find out where the science is.” While proposed solutions to the other challenges of landing on Venus are close to doable, he says, this one remains the biggest hurdle.
Sticking the landing on Europa
Jupiter’s icy moon Europa, on the other hand, has no air to blur the surface or break rockets. A hypothetical future Europa lander, also discussed at the AGU meeting, would be able to use the “sky crane” technique (SN: 8/6/12). That method, in which a platform hovers above the surface using rockets and drops a spacecraft to the ground, was used to land the Curiosity rover on Mars in 2012 and will be used for the Perseverance lander in February 2021.
“The engineers are very excited about not having to deal with an atmosphere on the way down,” said spacecraft engineer Jo Pitesky of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., in a recorded talk for the meeting.
Still, there’s a lot that scientists don’t know about Europa’s surface, which could have implications for any lander that touches down, said planetary scientist Marissa Cameron of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in another talk.
The best views of the moon’s landscape are from the Galileo orbiter in the 1990s, and the smallest features it could see were half a kilometer across. Some scientists have suggested that Europa could sport jagged ice spikes called penitentes, similar to ice features in the Chilean Andes Mountains that are named for their resemblance to hooded monks with bowed heads — although more recent work shows Europa’s lack of atmosphere should keep penitentes from forming.
Another mission, the Europa Clipper, that’s already underway will take higher-resolution images when the orbiter visits the Jovian moon later this decade, which should help clarify the issue.
In the meantime, scientists and engineers are running elaborate dress rehearsals for a Europa landing, from simulating ices with different chemical compositions in vacuum chambers to dropping a dummy lander named Olaf from a crane to see how it holds up.
“We have a requirement that says the terrain can have any configuration — jagged, potholes, you name it — and we have to be able to conform to that surface and be stable at it,” says John Gallon, an engineer at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. (The dummy lander was named for his 4-year-old daughter’s favorite character in the movie Frozen.)
Olaf, a scale model of a possible Europa lander, is helping NASA engineers test different strategies for landing on the icy moon of Jupiter. The rover is named for the snowman in the movie Frozen.
Over the last two years, Gallon and colleagues have tested different lander feet, legs and configurations in a lab by suspending the lander from the ceiling like a marionette. That suspension helps simulate Europa’s gravity, which is one-seventh that of Earth’s.
Without much gravity, a massive lander could easily bounce around and damage itself when trying to land. “You’re not going to stick the landing like a gymnast coming off the bars,” Gallon says. His team has tried sticky feet, bowl-shaped feet, springs that compress and push into the surface and legs that lock to help the lander stay put on various terrains. The lander might crouch like a frog or stand stiff like a table, depending on what type of surface it lands on.
Although Olaf is hard at work helping scientists figure out what it will take to build a successful Europa lander, the mission itself, like its Venusian counterpart, remains only on some planetary scientists’ wish lists for now. Meanwhile, other researchers dream about voyages to entirely different worlds, including Saturn’s geyser moon Enceladus.
“Some people will pick favorites,” Cameron says. “I just want to land someplace we’ve never been to that’s not Mars. I’d love that.”
Every time a story about the planet named for the Greek god of the sky is published, fans of Uranus wait for the first joke, pun or double entendre to respond angrily that the correct pronunciation of their favorite planet is YOUR-a-nus, not your-ANUS. Well, put down your pens – this story has to do with the moons of the giant gas planet and, if that brings yet another double entendre to mind, put the blame on the brain, not the poor writer. In this case, the moons are Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon, the five largest satellites of Uranus. Because of their similarities to Europa and Enceladus, big icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn, scientists now wonder of they could have subsurface oceans filled with alien life forms.
“If there’s liquid water there and it’s a little bit salty like ocean water on the Earth, then it can be conducting, meaning currents can flow in it.”
Uranus’s largest moons compared at their proper relative sizes and relative positions. From left to right: Puck, Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon
In a paper presented at the recent American Geophysical Union (AGU) fall meeting, MIT planetary scientist Benjamin Weiss explained how Voyager 2, way back in 1986, showed that these five big moons were roughly 50:50 combinations of rock and ice, and their surfaces showed signs of cryovolcanism – volcanoes that spew water, ammonia or methane instead of molten rock. When the moons pass through Uranus’s strange magnetic field, they could generate their own induced magnetic fields which would make the moons even more inhabitable. Magnetic fields would be detectable by future flyby satellites even landers and rovers, which is why Weiss and fellow Uranus moon fans of the scientific kind are pushing for missions to one or more of Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon.
“(A probe) getting close enough to one or more of the satellites to see this—you have to get close, meaning within a satellite radius, roughly—is unlikely to be a feature of an early…mission to Uranus (which likely wouldn’t arrive before 2042).”
David Stevenson, a planetary scientist at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, told Eos (the magazine and website of the AGU) that such a mission needs to be in the planning and budgeting phase now in order to reach one of those ocean-and-life-possible moons within a reasonable amount of time. Faster spacecrafts might help, but those are not in the near future either. Weiss knowns this but hopes talking about the possibility of life on so many of the larger moons in the solar system will get more people interested in missions to Uranus and Neptune.
Oberon
Even if future missions find water but no life on the moons of Uranus, that would still be good news – water is needed for fuel to send probes back … or much farther out into space.
Uranus doesn’t deserve the double entendres anymore, and these discoveries will give its moons their own crack at fame. (Sorry!)
The Most Important Military Secrets Are Only Disclosed to The Select Few Who Can be Trusted to Carry Out The Mission: 10 Alleged Secret Weapons Of The US Military
The Most Important Military Secrets Are Only Disclosed to The Select Few Who Can be Trusted to Carry Out The Mission: 10 Alleged Secret Weapons Of The US Military
The art of war has evolved dramatically with the advent of contemporary technologies. One thing about war, however, hasn’t changed. To win, it is still essential to keep the true strength of your forces and the extent of your arsenal hidden from your opponent. The most important military secrets are only disclosed to the select few who can be trusted to carry out the mission.
A lot of the popularity of firearms is due to the fact that anyone can use them effectively, not only the strong and agile. The young, the old, men, women and child can take up firearms in defense of home and family and do so effectively.
For this reason, the US government can’t divulge complete information about its tools and tactics for the national defense to the people it is sworn to serve. So there must be at least some instances when weapons of war have been developed and deployed without the knowledge of the American populace.
But what if the opponent of the military-industrial complex, having acquired unwarranted influence, became its own people? What fantastic secrets of kinetic, psychological, biological, and energetic warfare might then be hidden well below the surface of public knowledge?
At least some aspects of the existence and operational parameters of the following 10 weapons have made their way into general awareness. Yet their development begs the question: What other tools of death and destruction might be lurking in the shadows, utterly obscured from the public eye?
10. Directed Energy Weapons
The Greek mathematician Archimedes may have made history over 2,000 years ago as the first person to ever use a directed energy weapon. According to a mysterious legend, during the Roman invasion of Syracuse, Archimedes rapidly constructed a hexagonal mirror when the Roman admiral Marcellus moved his ships out of the range of bowshot.
Archimedes was apparently able to capture the energy of the Sun and reflect it onto the ships, setting them ablaze and causing them to sink within minutes.[1] MIT students were able to recreate this effect in 2005 but noted that their mirror was only capable of effectively burning a stationary target.
Though scientific knowledge has advanced a great deal since the days of Archimedes, the underlying theoretical principles of directed energy weapon (DEW) technology remain the same. A DEW inflicts damage from a distance by firing an intensely concentrated beam of energy toward a target.
Different types of DEWs fire different types of energy, but the most popularized form of directed energy weapon in use today is the high energy laser (HEL). These DEWs are just like the lasers seen in science fiction movies. They fire a soundless beam of energy, invisible at certain frequencies, that can incinerate a target from hundreds of miles away.
HELs have been developed by contractors like Lockheed Martin for use in missile defense and space war, but some believe that these weapons might have been designed with much more sinister purposes in mind.
During the Thomas Fire that ravaged California in December 2017, many witnesses and researchers noted property damage that seemingly defied every preconceived notion of how a wildfire should behave. Though wildfires use foliage to spread, entire blocks of houses burned to the ground while the surrounding trees remained untouched.
Though no official explanation of this anomalous phenomenon is forthcoming, multiple witnesses across California recorded video of beams of light coming down from the sky as the blaze spread across the state. Given the fact that HELs are commonly mounted on the nose cones of planes, some have concluded that the mayhem wreaked by the Thomas Fire was boosted with directed energy weaponry.
9. Long Range Acoustic Devices
A new type of crowd control weapon came to the fore during the Ferguson, Missouri, protests of 2014. As an active demonstration of the newfound capabilities of an increasingly militarized American police state, countermeasures employed by the Ferguson Police Department to quell civil unrest included the use of LRAD sound cannons.
Capable of projecting voice commands over a distance of 9 kilometers (5.5 mi), a Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD) inflicts grievous bodily pain upon anyone within 100 meters (330 ft) of its sound path. LRAD manufacturers are careful to call their products “devices” rather than “weapons” for public relations reasons. But anyone who has endured the effects of an LRAD is well aware of the difference between the truth and the spin.
Just ask the US diplomats stationed in Cuba who recently started losing their hearing. Soon after the detente between the United States and Cuba that transpired in 2015, diplomats deployed to the newly reopened US embassy on this Caribbean island nation started reporting a sudden and permanent loss of hearing.
US investigators concluded that the diplomats had been hit with an advanced and unnamed acoustic device that doesn’t make any audible sound but causes irreparable damage to the ears and brain of anyone in its path. This incident was considered so serious that the United States expelled two Cuban diplomats from their embassy in Washington.
However, the exact nature of this LRAD-like device and the identity of the agents responsible for its use on American officials are still unknown. If a sonic weapon was indeed used on US diplomats in Cuba, this would be an unprecedented incident in the history of international relations.
8. Low-Frequency Microwave Mind Control
The apparent sonic attacks on the US embassy in Cuba rekindled decades-old fears about a different kind of secret weapon. In 1965, at the height of the Cold War, the Pentagon discovered that the Soviets were blasting the US embassy in Moscow with extremely low-frequency (ELF) microwave radiation.
While far too weak to cook anything, it was determined that the so-called Soviet Signal carried the possibility of affecting the health or altering the behavior of the embassy staff. Instead of doing anything to stop it, the Pentagon decided to study the potential effects of the signal and attempt to mimic them back home.
DARPA, then a freshly minted branch of the Department of Defense, subsequently founded an initiative called Project Pandora and began researching the effects of ELF microwave radiation on primate subjects. Though the results were inconclusive, project leader Richard Cesaro remained convinced until Pandora’s disbanding in 1969 that ELF radiation posed a serious threat to the national security of the United States.
The Pentagon never figured out what the Soviets were up to at the American embassy and opted to solve the situation by wrapping the embassy in a building’s equivalent of a tinfoil hat: An aluminum screen was erected to surround the perimeter of the complex.
Though DARPA may have closed the case on ELF radiation in 1969, studies have since indicated that low-frequency microwave and radio waves may indeed have a deleterious effect on the human body. It’s even been demonstrated that the signals emitted and received from cell phones have an effect on the functioning of the mind that frequently shows itself in the disruption of natural sleep cycles.
Today’s world is absolutely saturated by invisible signals that keep us connected and informed. But how much do we truly know about this all-pervasive radiation and how it might be affecting our health and even our thoughts?
7. Heart Attack Guns
In the wake of the Watergate scandal of the early 1970s, Democratic Senator Frank Church led a committee dedicated to getting to the bottom of any actions perpetrated by the CIA that may have violated the charter of this secretive intelligence agency. It was believed that the CIA had accrued undue unilateral power under the pretext of the Cold War, and the Church Committee was assembled to expose this nefarious plot to the American people.
Though history shows us that the attempts of the Church Committee to curb the totalitarian zeal of the CIA were all but ineffective in the long run, a few interesting findings were uncovered during the course of this 1975 investigation. One such discovery was the so-called “Heart Attack Gun,” a modified pistol that was capable of delivering a nearly undetectable but absolutely lethal dose of shellfish toxin into the body of a distant target.
The darts fired by this soundless gun would theoretically leave a pinprick no larger than a mosquito bite and dissolve almost instantly into the tissues of the body after delivering a payload so poisonous that the target would be almost guaranteed to have a heart attack within moments. It’s unknown whether or not the “Heart Attack Gun” was ever used. But for all we know, it could still actively be in use today.
6. Magneto Hydrodynamic Explosive Munitions
In Arthur C. Clarke’s Earthlight, this legendary science fiction author of the 20th century conceives of a futuristic weapon that uses electromagnetism to propel a jet of molten metal miles into space, spearing and destroying an attacking battleship. This type of armor-piercing weapon isn’t entirely unheard of. Since World War II, various arms manufacturers have supplied combatants with tools of war called self-forging penetrators (SFPs).
Making use of a chemical explosion and a metal liner, SFPs propel themselves at an armored vehicle and then change their shape to penetrate the target. However, conventional SFPs are inefficient and hard to use, giving rise to the demand for a more effective armor penetration weapon.
DARPA has developed a specialized projectile to fit this niche called the Magneto Hydrodynamic Explosive Munition (MAHEM). Using electromagnetism to form and direct a sustained jet of molten metal at an armored target, MAHEM is much more adaptable than a conventional SFP and closely resembles the fictional weapon featured in Earthlight.
Beyond these basic details, not much is known about this secretive military project. However, China’s Nanjing University of Science and Technology has apparently reverse engineered MAHEM for its own purposes.[5]
As with many other aspects of the shadowy war for global supremacy currently being waged between the superpowers of the East and West, the full details surrounding the development and deployment of this fearsome weapon may never fully filter their way into the public awareness.
5. Biological Weaponry
Between 1949 and 1969, the United States military tested biological weapons on its own people without their knowledge or consent. One such experiment occurred in 1950 when a US Navy ship sprayed billions of tiny microbes into the atmosphere over San Francisco, causing a massive upsurge in illness and potentially killing one resident.
Another took place in the subway system under New York City in 1966 when researchers dropped light bulbs filled with bacteria onto the tracks to test how far the motion of a train would carry these potentially deadly pathogens. Still other experiments consisted of engulfing entire cities in a cloud of zinc cadmium sulfide under the pretext of providing a smoke screen to hide the population in the event of the outbreak of nuclear war.
The military tells us that all this was done to learn how to better protect us from foreign adversaries, but many wonder whether the benefits of such reckless experimentation truly outweigh the costs.
However, dangerous pathogens released into the atmosphere might be the least of the biological threats to which the American people have been exposed by their government. In 2016, DNI director James Clapper expressed his concerns that gene editing technology might become a weapon of mass destruction if it fell into the wrong hands.
The science of gene editing has proliferated throughout the modern world, seemingly with little to no thought given to the potentially disastrous ramifications of tinkering around with the genetic structure of the biosphere.
While naturally occurring pathogens are bad enough, genetic engineering has given rise to the potential existence of secretly developed biological weapons that could wipe out entire national populations practically overnight. But microbes given superpowers by mad scientists might actually pose less of a danger than other types of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that have been let loose among an unwitting populace.
In 2013, a group of around 300 scientists formally rejected the premise that there is a scientific consensus on the safety of GMOs for human consumption. This statement led numerous restaurant and grocery chains such as Chipotle and Trader Joe’s to outright ban GMOs from their kitchens and shelves.
Yet agribusiness corporations continue to alter the genetic code of vital crops like corn and soybeans under the protection of an army of scientific publications and news outlets that repeatedly assure their audiences that GMOs pose no threat to the human body or to the biosphere.
Agribusiness giants like Monsanto are heavily subsidized by the United States government. If GMOs truly are detrimental to human health, the unending spread of these unnatural organisms could be serving as a covert continuation of the government’s deadly habit of exposing its people to biological weapons.
It’s been well established that subliminal messaging is used extensively in advertising. This type of marketing usually exploits the baser urges of the populace to influence them to buy a product or service. But what if the same principles used in subliminal advertising are also being used by the United States intelligence community for the purposes of espionage or even mind control?
A formerly secret CIA document titled “The Operational Potential of Subliminal Perception” describes in precise detail the prescribed methodology for gaming the principles of subliminal perception to persuade someone to do something that they usually wouldn’t do.
While the author of the document ultimately concludes that the operational effectiveness of subliminal perception is “extremely limited,” the CIA is widely known for its knack for operating within the strictures of extreme limits and still accomplishing its clandestine objectives with flying colors.
3. Flying Aircraft Carriers
In the late 1920s, the United States Navy began exploring the tactical potential of airborne aircraft carriers. Two zeppelin-style airships were constructed, the USS Akron and the USS Macon, both of which carried a crew of 60 men and were capable of deploying and recovering Sparrowhawk fighter planes in flight. However, both Navy flying aircraft carriers met unfortunate ends and their remains now rest at the bottom of the ocean.
Recently, however, rumors have surfaced of DARPA’s plans to reopen this chapter of American history and initiate another attempt to develop airborne aircraft carriers for military use. This time, these proposed sentinels of the skies would carry drones instead of manned warplanes. Called the “Gremlins” program, this audacious DARPA initiative would consist of modified C-130 air transports loaded with stealthy drones capable of penetrating enemy defenses undetected.
Given DARPA’s reputation for suddenly announcing the planning stages of already-completed projects as soon as their cover might be blown, it’s reasonable to wonder whether there might already be “Gremlins” flying over our heads. If the fanciful testimony of supposed secret space program insiders like Corey Goode is to be believed, there may even be Avengers-style Air Force “Helicarriers” patrolling the skies now, rendered undetectable by advanced cloaking technology.
2. Project Thor
Potentially overshadowing the MOAB as the most lethal nonnuclear weapon in the United States’ arsenal, Project Thor is a technology designed by Jerry Pournelle in the 1950s that would obliterate enemies with bolts from above.
Colloquially termed “rods from God,” this type of Kinetic Energy Penetrator (KEP) would theoretically consist of a pair of satellites. One serves as a targeting hub, and the other is equipped with 6-meter-long (20 ft) tungsten rods that would be dropped on a target from orbit. Capable of penetrating hundreds of feet into the Earth’s crust, these thunderbolts from Thor would produce damage equivalent to a nuclear blast without the fallout.[9]
Though the cost of delivering such rods into orbit is seen as prohibitive, reopening the Project Thor initiative was seriously considered as recently as the George W. Bush administration. With $21 trillion supposedly appropriated without authorization by the Department of Defense and a few other agencies, it’s hard to know what potentially cost-prohibitive theoretical projects the United States government might be silently making into reality without the knowledge or consent of its people.
1. HAARP
Hugo Chavez brought international attention to the HAARP facility in Alaska when he accused the United States Air Force of using this high-frequency transmitter array to trigger the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Until this point, casting aspersions on this United States Air Force research station was a faux pas committed by only the looniest of tinfoil hatters.
Theories about the darker side of HAARP were supposedly put to rest when the Air Force announced that this ionospheric research complex would be closing its doors in 2014. But the speculation was kindled back into flame when HAARP was reopened in 2017 by the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF).
Admittedly, it probably wasn’t a good choice from a PR perspective on the part of UAF to pick the artificially induced manifestation of a weather phenomenon as their first experiment. When HAARP’s new custodians announced their plans to create a version of the aurora borealis that was invisible to the naked eye in the skies over Alaska, many took this as confirmation of this controversial research station’s weather-manipulating abilities.
Although the HAARP program has been repeatedly accused of manipulating the weather and broadcasting mind control signals, none of these claims have been clearly demonstrated to be either true or false so far.
Burning UFO Falls Over West Virginia Dec 27, 2020, Videos UFO Sighting News.
Burning UFO Falls Over West Virginia Dec 27, 2020, Videos UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:Dec 27, 2020 Location of sighting: West Virginia, USA
On Dec 27th a bright burning UFO shot across the sky over West Virginia and neighboring states in the US. The unknown object burned a bright orange and lit up the sky as it fell. Many twitter users tweeted videos of the object they saw in the sky and all of them were baffled at what they were seeing. Clearly no impact from a meteor was recorded, found or reported, so this object as huge as it was didn't impact or burn any area of ground. This is a UFO and it was limping back to the closest alien base with an extremely damaged ship. The alien base is most likely under a tall mountain in West Virginia. How can something so big not hit when falling. The impossible...becomes possible right in front of our eyes. So...it landed safely, but barely made it in one piece to the alien base. Hmmmm....thats new. I didn't know about an alien base in West Virginia.
About ten years ago I found a human male face on Mercury. That NASA link has since been deleted, so I went looking for it. I found a similar photo, but the photo was cut smaller so the face was gone.
Instead I found these cool structures inside fake craters. The entire photo needed contrast added because NASA added light so that the public would not see anything. Simple trick with an even simpler cure. What I found is that every square inch of the surface of Mercury in this area is covered with structures. Mostly fungi shaped but nevertheless structures. I made some close ups of a few below. 100% proof that NASA is hiding alien life from the public.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
Orange Diamond UFO Over Moscow, Russia, 2019, UFO Sighting News.
Orange Diamond UFO Over Moscow, Russia, 2019, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: 2019 Location of sighting:Moscow, Russia
Here is an intersting sighting that I have not seen before. An orange diamond object flying over the neighborhood. The object at first looks like a Chinese lantern, but I notice that it has no bering candle and no round bright opening on its bottom. So I know its not a lantern. Also the object is moving slowly and then suddenly it speeds up as its passing the trees. This is really cool and many similar UFOs like this have been seen off the Florida coast in USA. 100% proof aliens are watching and recoding data over Moscow.
UFO Over Portland, Oregon 12/23/2020, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Over Portland, Oregon 12/23/2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 23, 2020 Location of sighting: Portland, Oregon, USA
Here is an interesting catch over Portland this week. Portland has been ravaged by Black Lives Matter protests and police violence against blacks and much more. It would be of high interest to aliens to watch, monitor and record human reactions, emotions and feelings at a time when Covid19 was the fuse that created all this pent up hostility. Back in January of 2020, I already predicted that blacks in America would cause riots, looting and burning because thats how things went in the past when too many bad laws and judge rulings were made. I knew Covid would cause it to happen, and so did the aliens. They predict things before they happen by using mathematics and the recoded past behaviors that they have seen from humans. Don't get me wrong here, blacks in the US have not been enough equal chances and opportunities and police do focus on them too much because of race. Aliens...they watch.
Giant UFO caught while it travels through the constellation Leo
Giant UFO caught while it travels through the constellation Leo
While observing the constellation Leo through a Radian raptor 61refractor telescope and recording with a Zwo 1600mc pro camera, sky-watcher John Seindis stumbled across a giant cigar-shaped interstellar craft, possible of alien origin, in the early hours of December 26, 2020.
The footage clearly shows that the craft is moving through space at great speed. As far as known, this is the first time such a massive spacecraft has been captured on camera while traveling through the constellation Leo.
Similar spaceships have previously been observed near the Orion Nebula M42 situated in the Milky Way, being south of Orion's Belt in the constellation of Orion.
On November 29, 2017 a sky-watcher from North Carolina was out collecting data on M42 Orion Nebula. As he still was fine focusing his 8 in astrograph / Newtonian Telescope a giant cigar-shaped UFO appeared on his laptop screen which he captured in a single 30.2 second frame.
And here are more images of these giant spaceships spotted while traveling through space.
Along with these older images of UFOs in space, the latest images of such a spaceship, but now spotted in the constellation of Leo, provide further evidence that many of these massive spacecraft are present in space.
Former CIA Head Believes There May Be Extraterrestrial Life
Former CIA Head Believes There May Be Extraterrestrial Life
Former CIA Director John Brennan
The former CIA director said it’s “presumptuous and arrogant” to think that there are no other lifeforms than those on Earth.
Ex-head of the Central Intelligence Agency John Brennan stated recently on the podcast “Conversations with Tyler,” some of the phenomena we’re going to observe would continue to be unexplained. He explained these phenomena might be some phenomenon that’s the result of something unknown to our knowledge, and that could involve some activity that some might think constitutes an extraterrestrial life.
Brennan added, “it’s a bit presumptuous and arrogant” to think that there’s no other form of living in the vast universe.
In April, the Defense Department released a statement that confirmed three unclassified videos from the Navy from 2004 and 2015; each footage shows what they refer to as “unidentified aerial phenomena.”
Brennan depicted the videos as “quite eyebrow-raising.”
He said that it’s crucial to gather much data as possible when it comes to visuals and different types of technical collection of available sensors at the time. He added that analysts should not go into this challenge either discounting particular kind of possibilities or thinking in advance that it’s likely X, Y, or Z. He explained that they should have to approach this with an open mind but gather as much data as possible and have as much expertise as possible.
The AI could take over key tasks, flying and fighting the plane, to prevent the human pilot from being overwhelmed.
The U.S. Air Force's secret new fighter jet, which it designed, built, and tested in just one year, will feature some kind of artificial intelligence copilot—a trusted computer algorithm that human pilots can rely on to assume critical tasks in the air.
That's according to Will Roper, the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, who in September shocked the world when he revealed the surprise existence of the service's new, mysterious Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) fighter.
The Air Force has been incredibly tight-lipped about the sixth-generation fighter, only confirming it exists, and it’s flying ... somewhere. But a few clues about NGAD have trickled out since the initial announcement, such as which defense contractor likely built the plane. And now, Roper has revealed (via Breaking Defense) that the NGAD will have an "AI-assisted copilot, maybe even ARTUµ.”
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In that groundbreaking experiment, the “crew” took part in an exercise centered around a simulated missile attack. The U-2 was assigned to locate enemy missile launchers on the ground. The human pilot kept a lookout for enemy aircraft, while the AI took over tactical navigation and sensors to search for the launch vehicles.
A U-2 spy plane equipped with the ARTUµ artificial intelligence takes off from Beale Air Force Base, California, on December 15, 2020.
A1C LUIS A.RUIZ-VAZQUEZ
Modern aerial warfare—even the act of flying the airplane—is growing increasingly complicated. Pilots must master interfaces, procedures, and individual sensors and weapon systems.
In addition to monitoring traditional things like altitude, speed, fuel state, and other factors in flight, a fifth-generation fighter pilot must also keep a watchful eye on a host of sensors, from the human eyeball to infrared sensors, threat warning systems, and radar. Once combat commences, flying becomes exponentially more complicated, as pilots must account for enemy air and surface-to-air capabilities, strengths, and weaknesses—while still flying the plane.
An AI-assisted copilot could take on relatively simple tasks, such as communications, monitoring for threats, network security, and navigation. ARTUµ, which took over and tied together a U-2’s navigation and sensors to search for missile launchers, is seemingly on the more advanced end of the AI cockpit buddy spectrum.
THE AIR FORCE'S NEW FIGHTER: EVERYTHING WE KNOW SO FAR
Meanwhile, a human pilot could concentrate on tasks reserved for humans, such as flying the plane, authorizing weapons releases, approving changes to flight plans, and communicating with other humans at home base, in the air, and on the ground. The AI could even free the pilot to use the most important tool available to the human mind—an imagination—to look at a developing situation and turn it to his or her advantage.
Roper revealed his plans to a recent Defense Writer’s Group meeting, via Breaking Defense:
“What I expect will happen in the pilot, copilot role—the Luke Skywalker, R2-D2 role—is that pilots will gain an instinct, just like they have an instinct for stealth today, about when their AI crew pilot is performing well, or could perform well, and will turn over more of the reins to it. And [the pilot] will have a similar instinct of when it won’t be performing well, and will pull the reins back to the human.”
This research adds the dimension of relative age to an ongoing discussion about alien life.
In a new study, researchers suggest the answer to the Fermi paradox could be pretty bleak: Maybe all the intelligent civilizations have annihilated themselves. Jeez, 2020, that’s a little on the nose.
You love searching for the truth. So do we. Let's find it together.
This is the Fermi paradox stated at its most succinct: The universe is unfathomably gigantic, but so far, we’ve never seen any sign that there’s intelligent life anywhere else.
We’ve never observed an extraterrestrial living thing, or uncovered any evidence for extinct ones. As we peer further out into our corner of the universe using more and more powerful telescopes, for example, people continue to hold out hope that we’ll find evidence of a civilization, Dyson sphere, or anything just around the next corner.
But there’s a problem with that line of thinking. A civilization that we’d see from this far away, let alone one that could have built something like a Dyson sphere, is likely to be peering back at us.
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Why aren’t they sending telescope satellites through our part of space? And how can it be that out of all the planets and systems we’ve peeked into so far, we’ve seen nothing?
There are as many individual theories as there are theorists, and these run a huge gamut.
“The existence of extraterrestrial intelligence is directly related to habitability and a galactic habitable zone (GHZ); where habitable planets are located and where potential life are most likely to form,” the new study's researchers (three Caltech physicists and one high school student), write:
“Overall, previous studies of habitability and the likelihood of intelligent life have provided many valuable insights; however, the precise propensity of galactic intelligent life to emerge has not yet been explored with spatial and temporal analysis, nor has any research explicitly estimated an age distribution for potential life within the Galaxy.”
Is it because they are getting their cues from the ETs themselves to keep us “in the dark” until we are ready?
Or maybe there are just a few powerful individuals who are profiting from keeping the public naive about the existence of aliens?
These are just a small sample of the questions I see coming across this channel’s desk and yes, people are frustrated.
The world is in a mess economically and spiritually. It’s become individualistic. We’re about to leave 2020 and head into 2021.
Wouldn’t an alien disclosure bring us together?
The Alien Coverup – Why Don’t They Want Us To Know?
I posed the question of “what would the world look like post disclosure” to Linda Moulton Howe.
Moulton Howe has no peers as a ufo researcher and her Earthfiles program continues to be one of the most watched ufo shows on YouTube.
And as always, she delivered more than just a stock standard answer.
In fact, during her response, Moulton Howe revealed some startling information she received more than twenty years ago from someone within the D.I.A. (Defense Intelligence Agency).
What Proof Does The Government Have That Aliens Are Real?
Moulton Howe immediately asked for proof but the response she got should send chills up everyone’s spine.
While most of us believe an alien coverup is going on and want to know the truth, maybe knowing the truth would not bode well for our health going forward.
“Earth has been used as a laboratory. That’s what a D.I.A. guy told me in December of 1999”.
“He said, ‘Linda, our government has proof’.”
“Three competing extraterrestrial civilizations have been mixing and matching genes and terraforming this planet as a laboratory”.
“That’s on a planet made up of two-thirds deep water for at least 270 million years”.
“And when I said, ‘sir, what is the proof’?”
“He said, ‘Linda, I’m sorry, that is too dangerous for me to tell. For me and for you’.”
“And to me, that’s intriguing”.
“What would be so dangerous about knowing the absolute fundamental proof of three competing extraterrestrial civilizations on our planet for at least 270 million years?”
“It goes back before the time of the dinosaurs. He told me, ‘we know for a fact the dinosaurs were an eighty five million year old experiment by the Ebens, the ones with the pear-shaped heads and grey skin. But they are not the only ones”.
“Well, why would they have an eighty five million year old experiment with dinosaurs on this planet if there are two other competing civilizations?”
Is There A Term Limit On An Alien Coverup?
So does this alien coverup have a term limit?
Is there a date in the future when either the ETs themselves, the government or both as a team come out and announce the truth about aliens?
I’m not sure. In fact, I’m not sure I want to know. Especially if knowing is going to affect the length of time one spends on this planet.
While we continue to hypothesize what the real truth is, and that’s that ufos and aliens are real, the vague signals we receive from behind the coverup curtain will continue to intrigue us.
Most times, the thrill is in the journey. It’s the mystery and conspiracy that creates intrigue among ufo believers.
I’m not sure what percentage it is, but a section of the crowd involved with ufo groups online are there because of the mystery and conspiracy.
But there is also truth in the fact that an alien coverup has hurt people.
The following is an excerpt from my interview with Moulton Howe during the Aliens Revealed Live Online Summit.
She talks about a post disclosure world. She also talks about the startling D.I.A. revelation, the political chaos around the world and will we still be putting up with the alien lie by 2100.
The following case file was written by BJ Booth of UFO Casebook, and is used here with permission. It can not be reproduced without prior permission.
Summary
On April 25, 1977 in Pampa Lluscuma (near Putre), Chile a soldier was in shock after a strange, five-day saga with a UFO. Six members of an army patrol saw two bright objects descending from the sky.
Cpl. Armando Valdes, the patrol leader, set out alone to investigate and, according to the men, simply vanished. Fifteen minutes later, they said, he reappeared, tried to speak and passed out.
The date on his watch had been advanced five days, and he now had about a week’s growth of beard.
Incident: “You don’t know who we are or where we come from but we will be back soon.” These are the strange words uttered by Corporal Armando Valdes, leader of a Chilean military patrol. Just some 15 minutes previously he had been subjected to a mysterious UFO encounter at Pampa Lluscuma near Putre in Chile.
The date was April 25, 1977, and the time about 4:00 AM. Putre is 50 air miles ENE of Arica, a larger city in Chile.
Corporal Valdes was in charge of a patrol on routine assignment near Putre in the early morning hours of April 25, 1977. He and his six-man patrol were sitting around a campfire alongside a wall of stones and mud at the secret army post of Pampa Lluscuma.
They were talking and singing quite a while to stay awake.
Two of the men kept watch several feet away. About four in the morning one of the men. Private Rosales, ran back to Valdes to report that two bright violet lights had landed, one of which was in sight and illuminated the whole area. The light approached closer.
Valdes ordered his men to cover up their fire with blankets. The violet light with a red spot at each end withdrew and then returned closer. The patrol was terrified.
There was no sound with the UFO motion. The Chilean high plateau was amazingly silent. Corporal Valdes stated “after praying to God and ordering the light to leave . . . after demanding that it identify itself, I moved a few meters away from my men.”
The corporal moved toward the object. He disappeared for some 15 minutes. When he reappeared, he was shaking and his voice seemed different. The light had been illuminating the whole area.
As Corporal Valdes reappeared he was heard to utter the words at the beginning of this article.
He then became unconscious and was attended by his fellow men till he awoke some two hours later. The UFO also disappeared about this time.
While the unconscious Corporal Valdes was assisted by his patrol, his men made another strange observation. They saw that Valdes had a beard growth equivalent to several days without shaving. He had been well shaven before the incident. As Valdes awoke he exclaimed, “I don’t remember anything from the moment I left you.”
He then ordered, “Get ready to leave because it’s 4:30 in the morning. It was actually about 7 AM. His calendar watch had stopped at 4:30 but the date was five days advanced – to the 30th instead of the 25th.
These are the bizarre circumstances in the case. Many of the details were related some two hours after the incident to Pedro Araneda, a correspondent and lecturer. The presence of UFOs are not a surprise to Corporal Valdes. He, as well as others in the interior of Chile near Arica, often see luminous UFOs moving about the skies.
Valdes states, “The surprising thing was the way it approached us. As soldiers we are trained to deal with any situation. But this phenomenon didn’t seem to have any logical explanation. I would like to regain my memory of those fifteen minutes. I would even like to submit to hypnosis to draw out information about what happened.”
President and Commander in Chief Augusto Pinochet of Chile has prohibited further interviews with the soldiers. Medical, psychiatric and eventually hypnotic tests are planned for member of the patrol to confirm their stories.
Meanwhile more sightings have occurred at Arica, Punta Arenas, Santiago, and other locations up and down the 2700 mile length of Chile. NASA and the University of Chile jointly operate a space tracking station north of Santiago, Chile. Officials of the station could offer nothing to elucidate the facts in this case.
The time fact in this particular case – increased beard growth and accelerated clock time – are elements which make this case exceptional and worthy of further consideration.
APRO, July, 1977
Chile: Controversy Over an Intriguing UFO Case
The Valdés Case – the most paradigmatic episode of Chilean ufology – has been revisited in “La noche de los centinelas” (The Night of the Sentries), an 8-year -long journalistic investigation that looks into background events, locates the protagonists and “uncovers more than one surprise”, according to the author.
It occurred one early morning on April 1977 near Putre, in the Chilean highlands.
Eight young soldiers were keeping watch around a fire when they were startled by the appearance of two ghostly lights of unknown origin in the vicinity of some nearby hills.
One of them disappeared behind a small hill while the other placed itself at the foot of a mountain, flying over the area and engaging in approach-and-retreat maneuvers before the eyes of the disconcerted soldiers.
After three minutes of terror, corporal Armando Valdés, in charge of the squad, walked away from his companions toward the light. The young conscripts watched him vanish from sight for 15 minutes, during which their calls for him and their search yielded no result.
At a given moment, they heard the subofficer’s voice pleading for help, and they saw him walking toward them unsteadily. He had a dense growth of beard despite having been clean-shaven just minutes earlier, and the calendar on his digital watch was five days fast.
The startled conscripts settled him near the fire. And that was when he said, in a strange voice:” “You will never know who we are, nor where we come from, but we will return again.” He then fell asleep.
The case became a journalistic sensation and achieved global notoriety. But within days, its protagonists slipped into obscurity and Corporal Valdés became a legend.
Twenty-five years later, journalist and researcher Patricio Abuselme took up the challenge of reinvestigating the case and interview its main protagonists, an effort which is summarized in his book La noche de los sentinelas, an in-depth journalistic investigation on the incident, which he published in late 2010 under his own publishing house
Terra Incognita.
“This is the case that made Chilean ufology known worldwide. However, no one bothered to conduct a serious, in-depth investigation of the case. I took up the challenge in 2002, and it took me eight years to compile the protagonists’ accounts and reassemble this “impossible story,” says the author.
In less than 300 pages, Abusleme provides a comprehensive view of the case, from the first journalistic dispatches reporting the incident to exclusive interviews with the main protagonists, including subofficer Valdés (Ret.) – unpublished details and conclusions that the author has described as preliminary.
“When I started this investigation, I did so in the secret hope of explaining the whole case in conventional terms. And I thought I was well on the way until the main protagonist of the story debunked the cases most controversial aspects – the growth of his beard and the wristwatch’s date change – by providing conventional explanations.
The problem is that when I tried to corroborate it with the other witnesses, they provided a version that was mutually congruent, but at odds with the one offered by Valdés. For this reason, the book poses a controversy,” says Abusleme.
“If someone is looking for a story of mystics in direct contact with Martians, he or she won’t find it here. What they will find is information, information and more information. The outcome of a detailed journalistic investigation that enables the reconstruction of an intriguing real case that captured headlines over 30 years ago.”
CORPORAL VALDES CONFESSES: “TRULY, I WASN’T ABDUCTED”
TEMUCO, September 26, 2003 – In an exclusive interview with Terra.cl, legendary corporal Armando Valdes claimed that from the start he knew ha had not been abducted. From his home in Temuco, he stated that his story had been misinterpreted, “although the matter of the beard and the wristwatch was true.”
He likewise spoke about his current project: a book that should appear by year’s end in which he retells his version of the events which transpired on April 25, 1977 in Chile’s First Region.
Terra: Recently, you have been engaged in discreet research into your experience. Is this true?
AV: Yes, in fact I’ve been fully involved in developing my book and furthermore, looking into my experience, since I wish to be as factual as possible in my story.
Terra: As a result of this research, have you returned to the scene of the events?
AV: Yes, I went back in November 2002–25 years later… Pampa Lluscuma and the remains of the horse stables where the events occurred. There, in the company of researcher and journalist Patricio Abusleme, we recreated the events and made a series of measurements, gathering very significant background information.
Terra: How did you feel about going back?
AV: As you can imagine, it was shocking. It was the first time I went back after two decades. It was a motivating experience which allowed me, first and foremost, to confirm or recall certain details which were lost with the passing of time.
Terra: While much was said about the “abduction” of Corporal Valdés, there was none. What’s your version?
AV: Truly, I wasn’t abducted. This is the reason for sensitive nature of what I’m putting forth in the book. Some important background details are being released.
Terra: Did you think at any time that you had been abducted or did you always know this wasn’t the case?
AV: Look, it’s really complicated to explain all of a sudden. That’s the reason behind my trip to Putre, my scientific studies and the book I’m writing, because it’s all very complicated.
Terra: But did you think at first that you’d been abducted?
AV: I would say that I knew immediately how things had happened. What I’m explaining in my book [is making known]the reasons for which certain items went off on another track.
Terra: In other words, your initial story was misconstrued?
AV: Indeed. I didn’t think at first that I’d been abducted, although the matter of the growth of beard is true, as well as the subject of my wristwatch. But for this reason I have taken to writing the book to explain the reasons behind all of these things.
Terra: Lately you have been silent in the media. Why is this?
AV: What’s happening is that I’m engrossed in finishing my book. I wanted to work in silence until the task was done.
Terra: When can we expect the book to be published?
AV: In the book itself I say that it’s been a serious mistake to promise dates. Many special situations have occurred–some very strange things–but I’m making an effort to finish it by the end of the year. I’m giving it my all, since I’d like to finish it as soon as possible.
Terra: Any options to publish the book abroad?
AV: Yes, there have been offers from abroad, but I don’t want to entertain them until the book is finished. My greatest desire is for everyone to read it, since I have a message for all humankind in it. Therefore its publication in Chile or elsewhere is unimportant. We will decide where to publish it at some point.
Terra: I understand that you are a [born again]Christian and an evangelical. Is this true?
AV: Yes, I am, and a teacher of the evangelical faith.
Terra: How have your religious surroundings influenced your story? Or rather, how has your story been received?
AV: My story and explanations have been accepted to a certain extent, and I have told them certain things and in a certain manner. There are many who hold points of view different from my own and I don’t have to deny that there are contradictions. But as I said, the story is mine and they have not influenced me at all regarding my book. In fact, there are those who may agree or not agree with my book tomorrow, and will not stop what I’m doing.
Terra: Would you say that the experience you underwent in Pampa Lluscuma was more of a spiritual than a ufological event?
AV: There are mixed items. The term UFO today is contaminated by another type of thing, and I prefer to speak in terms of FANI (Unidentified Aerial Phenomena). I think that in my experience there is a bit of everything–a good measure of paranormal phenomena, strange effects, lights, many things acting in unison and this is what I am showing in my book, although it’s been hard for me to convey on paper what I felt, what I experienced and what really happened.
Terra: Finally, are you in touch with those who also took part in the unusual event and who formed part of your patrol?
AV: Yes, over the phone more than anything. For some reason we haven’t been able to have a closer relationship, but we are in touch by phone and I must say that we currently have disagreements over the events that occurred. Some are telling another story. – Terra Networks Chile S.A
VLBA image of the blazar PSO J0309+27, 12.8 billion light-years from Earth. Credit: Spingola et al.; Bill Saxton, NRAO/AUI/NSF.
National Science Foundation’s Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA)’s supersharp radio ‘vision’ revealed previously unseen jet details. The jet is emitting from a galaxy that lies almost 12.8 billion light-years from Earth.
Discovered in 2019, PSO J0309+27 is located some 12.8 billion light-years away from Earth. The galaxy, dubbed PSO J0309+27, is a blazar, with its jet pointed toward Earth.
PSO J0309+27 is an active galactic nucleus or a galaxy whose central nucleus is exceptionally bright due to the presence, in its center, of a supermassive black hole fed by the gas and the stars it engulfs. Moreover, the PSO J0309+27 is the most powerful persistent radio source in the primordial Universe, within the first billion years since its formation.
It is the brightest radio-emitting blazar yet seen at such a distance. It also is the second-brightest X-ray emitting blazar at such a distance.
Scientists noted, “In this image, the brightest radio emission comes from the galaxy’s core, at the bottom right. The jet is propelled by the gravitational energy of a supermassive black hole at the core and moves outward toward the upper left. The jet seen here extends some 1,600 light-years and shows structure within it.”
An active galactic nucleus has a disk of material surrounding the central supermassive black hole. If the AGN is also ejecting jets and the jets happen to point toward us, it’s considered a blazar.
Sophia Dagnello, NRAO/AUI/NSF
This image of Centaurus A, an active galactic nucleus ejecting material from its center, combines X-ray, microwave, and visible light images.
ESO/WFI (visible); MPIfR/ESO/APEX/A.Weiss et al. (microwave); NASA/CXC/CfA/R.Kraft et al. (X-ray)
Journal Reference:
C. Spingola et al., Parsec-scale properties of the radio brightest jetted AGN at z > 6, Astronomy & Astrophysics (2020). DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039458
The Cost of Visiting Earth May Be Too Astronomical For Aliens
MATT WILLIAMS, UNIVERSE TODAY
In 1950, Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi sat down to lunch with some of his colleagues at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, where he had worked five years prior as part of the Manhattan Project.
According to various accounts, the conversation turned to aliens and the recent spate of UFOs. Into this, Fermi issued a statement that would go down in the annals of history: "Where is everybody?"
This became the basis of the Fermi Paradox, which refers to the disparity between high probability estimates for the existence of extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI) and the apparent lack of evidence.
Since Fermi's time, there have been several proposed resolutions to his question, which includes the very real possibility that interstellar colonization follows the basic rule of Percolation Theory.
One of the key assumptions behind the Fermi Paradox is that given the abundance of planets and the age of the Universe, an advanced exo-civilization should have colonized a significant portion of our galaxy by now.
This is certainly not without merit, considering that within the Milky Way galaxy alone (which is over 13.5 billion years old), there are an estimated 100 to 400 billion stars.
Another key assumption is that intelligent species will be motivated to colonize other star systems as part of some natural drive to explore and extend the reach of their civilization.
Last, but certainly not least, it assumes that interstellar space travel would be feasible and even practical for an advanced exo-civilization.
But this, in turn, comes down to the assumption that technological advances will provide solutions to the single-greatest challenge of interstellar travel.
In short, the amount of energy it would take for a spacecraft to travel from one star to another is prohibitively large, especially where large, crewed spacecraft would be concerned.
This theory essentially states that the speed of light (in addition to being constant) is an absolute limit beyond which objects cannot travel.
This is summarized by the famous equation, E=mc2, which is otherwise known as the "mass-energy equivalence." Put simply, this formula describes the energy (E) of a particle in its rest frame as the product of mass (m) with the speed of light squared (c2) – approx. 300,000 km/s; 186,000 mi/s. A consequence of this is that as an object approaches the speed of light, its mass invariably increases.
Therefore, for an object to reach the speed of light, an infinite amount of energy would have to be expended accelerating it. Once c was achieved, the mass of the object would also become infinite.
In short, achieving the speed of light is impossible, never mind exceeding it. So barring some tremendous revolution in our understanding of physics, a Faster-Than-Light (FTL) propulsion system can never exist.
Such is the consequence of living in a relativistic Universe, where traveling at even a fraction of the speed of light requires tremendous amounts of energy.
And while some very interesting and innovative ideas have been produced over the years by physicists and engineers who want to see interstellar travel become a reality, none of the crewed concepts are what you might call "cost-effective."
A Matter of Principle
This raises a very important philosophical question that is related to the Fermi Paradox and the existence of ETIs. This is none other than the Copernican Principle, named in honor of famed astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus.
To break it down, this principle is an extension of Copernicus' argument about the Earth, how it was not in a unique and privileged position to view the Universe.
Extended to the cosmological realm, the principle basically asserts that when considering the possibility of intelligent life, one should not assume that Earth (or humanity) is unique.
Similarly, this principle holds that the Universe as we see it today is representative of the norm – aka, that it is in a state of equilibrium.
The opposing view that humanity is in a unique and privileged position to observe the Universe is what is known as the Anthropic Principle.
In a nutshell, this principle states that the very act of observing the Universe for signs of life and intelligence requires that the laws that govern it be conducive to life and intelligence.
If we accept the Copernican Principle as a guiding principle, we are forced to concede that any intelligent species would face the same challenges with interstellar flight as we do.
And since we do not foresee a way around these, barring major a breakthrough in our understanding of physics, perhaps no other species has found one either.
Could this be the reason for the "Great Silence"?
Origin
The notion that distance and time may be a factor (in relation to the Fermi Paradox) has received quite a bit of consideration over time.
Carl Sagan and William I. Newman suggested in their 1981 study, "Galactic civilizations: Population dynamics and interstellar diffusion," that signals and probes by ETIs may simply not have reached Earth yet. This was met with criticism by other scientists who argued that it contradicted the Copernican Principle.
By Sagan and Newman's own estimates, the time it would take for an ETI to have explored the entire galaxy is equal to or less than the age of our galaxy itself (13.5 billion years). If an exo-civilization's probes or signals have not reached us yet, this would imply that sentient life started to emerge in the more recent past.
In other words, the galaxy is in a state of disequilibrium, moving from a state of being uninhabited to inhabited.
However, it was Geoffrey A. Landis who made what is perhaps the most compelling argument about the limits imposed by the laws of physics.
Central to Landis' argument was the mathematical and physics statistics concept known as "percolation theory," which describes how a network behaves when nodes or links are removed.
In accordance with this theory, when enough of the network's links are removed, it will break down into smaller connected clusters.
According to Landis, this same process is useful in describing what happens to people engaged in migration.
In short, Landis proposed that in a galaxy where intelligent life is statistically likely, there will not be a "uniformity of motive" among extraterrestrial civilizations. Instead, his model assumes a wide variety of motives, with some choosing to venture out and colonize while others choose to "stay at home."
As he explained it:
"Since it is possible, given a large enough number of extraterrestrial civilizations, one or more would have certainly undertaken to do so, possibly for motives unknowable to us. Colonization will take an extremely long time, and will be very expensive.
"It is quite reasonable to suppose that not all civilizations will be interested in making such a large expenditure for a pay off far in the future. Human society consists of a mixture of cultures which explore and colonize, some times over extremely large distances, and cultures which have no interest in doing so."
To summarize, an advanced species would not colonize the galaxy rapidly or consistently. Instead, it would "percolate" outwards to a finite distance, where increasing costs and the lag time between communications imposed limits and colonies evolved their own cultures.
Thus, colonization wouldn't be uniform but would happen in clusters with large areas remaining uncolonized at any given time.
Of course, Landis' model contains some inherent assumptions of its own, which he laid out beforehand.
First, there was the assumption that interstellar travel is difficult due to the laws of physics and that there is a maximum distance over which colonies can be directly established. Hence, a civilization will only colonize within a reasonable distance from its home, beyond which secondary colonization will occur later.
Second, Landis also makes the assumption that the parent civilization will have a weak grasp over any colonies it creates, and the time needed for these to develop their own colonization capability will be very long. Hence, any colony established will develop its own culture over time, and its people will have a sense of self and identity distinct from that of the parent civilization.
As we explored in a previous article, it would take between 1,000 and 81,000 years to reach Proxima Centauri (4.24 light-years away) using current technology.
While there are concepts that would allow for relativistic travel (a fraction of the speed of light), the travel time would still be anywhere from a few decades to over a century. What's more, the cost would be extremely prohibitive (more on that below).
But getting colonists to another star system is just the beginning.
Once they have settled a nearby habitable planet (and not all died off) and have the infrastructure for interstellar communications, it would still take eight-and-a-half years to send a message to Earth and receive an answer. That's simply not practical for any civilization hoping to maintain centralized control or cultural hegemony over its colonies.
Space is expensive!
To put things in perspective, consider the costs associated with humanity's own history of space exploration. Sending astronauts to the Moon as part of the Apollo Program between 1961 and 1973 cost a hefty US$25.4 billion, which works out to about US$150 billion today (when adjusted for inflation).
These two programs, which put the first American astronauts in orbit and developed the necessary expertise for getting to the Moon, respectively ran about US$2.3 billion and US$10 billion (when adjusted).
Add them all up, and you get a grand total of around US$163 billion spent from 1958 to 1972.
By comparison, Project Artemis, which will return astronauts to the Moon for the first time since 1972, will cost US$35 billion over just the next four years!
That doesn't include the costs of getting all the various components to this stage in the game, like the development of the SLS thus far, the Orion space capsule, and research into the Lunar Gateway, human landing systems (HLS), and robotic missions.
That's a lot of money just to get to Earth's only satellite. But that's nothing compared to the costs of interstellar missions!
Going interstellar?
Since the dawn of the Space Age, many theoretical proposals have been made for sending spacecraft to the nearest stars.
At the heart of each and every one of these proposals was the same concern: can we reach the nearest stars in our lifetimes?
In order to meet this challenge, scientists contemplated a number of advanced propulsion strategies that would be capable of pushing spacecraft to relativistic speeds.
Of these, the most straightforward was definitely Project Orion (1958 to 1963), which would rely on a method known as Nuclear Pulse Propulsion (NPP).
Led by Ted Taylor of General Atomics and physicist Freeman Dyson from the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University, this project envisioned a massive starship that would use the explosive force generated by nuclear warheads to generate thrust.
These warheads would be released behind the spacecraft and detonated, creating nuclear pulses. These would be absorbed by a rear-mounted pressure plate (aka, "pusher") that translate the explosive force into forward momentum.
Though inelegant, the system was brutally simple and effective, and could theoretically achieve speeds of up to 5 percent the speed of light (5.4×107km/hr, or 0.05c).
Alas, the cost. According to estimates produced by Dyson in 1968, an Orion spacecraft would weight between 400,000 and 4,000,000 metric tons.
Dyson's most conservative estimates also placed the cost of building such a craft at US$367 billion (US$2.75 trillion when adjusted for inflation). That's about 78 percent of the US government's annual revenue for 2019, and 10 percent of the country's GDP.
Another idea was to build rockets that rely on thermonuclear reactions to generate thrust.
The resulting design called for a two-stage spacecraft that would generate thrust by fusing pellets of a deuterium/helium-3 in a reaction chamber using electron lasers.
This would create a high-energy plasma that would then be converted to thrust by a magnetic nozzle.
The first stage of the spacecraft would operate for just over 2 years and accelerate the spacecraft to 7.1 percent the speed of light (0.071c). This stage would then be jettisoned and the second stage would take over and accelerate the spacecraft up to about 12 percent of light speed (0.12c) over the course of 1.8 years.
The second-stage engine would then be shut down, and the ship would enter into a 46-year cruise period.
According to the Project's estimates, the mission would take 50 years to reach Barnard's Star (less than 6 light-years away). Adjusted for Proxima Centauri, the same craft could make the trip in 36 years.
But in addition to technological barriers identified by the Project, there was also the sheer costs involved.
Even by the modest standard of an uncrewed concept, a fully-fueled Daedalus would weigh as much as 60,000 metric tons cost over [US$5.2 trillion] (based on 2012 estimates). Adjust to 2020, the price tag for a fully-assembled Daedalus would cost close to US$6 trillion. Icarus Interstellar, an international organization of volunteer citizen scientists (founded in 2009), has since attempted to revitalize the concept with Project Icarus.
Another bold and daring idea is Antimatter Propulsion, which would rely on the annihilation of matter and antimatter (hydrogen and antihydrogen particles).
This reaction unleashed as much energy as a thermonuclear detonation, as well as a shower of subatomic particles (pions and muons).
These particles, which would then travel at one-third the speed of light, are channeled by a magnetic nozzle to generate thrust.
Unfortunately, the cost of producing even a single gram of antimatter fuel is estimated to be around US$1 trillion.
According to a report by Robert Frisbee of NASA's Advanced Propulsion Technology Group (NASA Eagleworks), a two-stage antimatter rocket would need over 815,000 metric tons (900,000 US tons) of fuel to make the journey to Proxima Centauri in approximately 40 years.
At this rate, the craft could reach Proxima Centauri in a little over 8 years, but there's no cost-effective way to do this and no guarantees there ever will be.
In all cases, propellant makes up a large fraction of these concept's overall mass. To address this, variations have been proposed that could generate their own propellant.
In the case of fusion rockets, there's the Bussard Ramjet, which uses an enormous electromagnetic funnel to "scoop" hydrogen from the interstellar medium and magnetic fields to compress it to the point that fusion occurs.
Similarly, there's the Vacuum to Antimatter Rocket Interstellar Explorer System (VARIES), which also creates its own fuel out of the interstellar medium. Proposed by Richard Obousy of Icarus Interstellar, a VARIES ship would rely on large lasers (powered by enormous solar arrays) that would create particles of antimatter when fired at empty space.
Alas, neither of these ideas are possible using current technology, nor are they within the realm of cost-effectiveness (not by a long shot).
Under the circumstances, and barring several major technological developments that would reduce the associated costs, it would be fair to say that any idea for interstellar crewed missions is simply impractical.
Sending probes to other stars within our lifetimes is still within the realm of possibility, especially those that rely on Directed-Energy Propulsion (DEP).
As proposals like Breakthrough Starshot or Project Dragonfly show, these sails could be accelerated to relativistic speeds and have all the necessary hardware to gather pictures and basic data on any orbiting exoplanets.
However, such probes are a potentially-reliable and cost-effective means of interstellar exploration, not colonization.
What's more, the time-lag involved in interstellar communications would still place constraints on how far these probes could explore while still reporting back to Earth.
Therefore, an exo-civilization is not likely to send probes very far beyond the boundaries of its territory.
Criticisms
A possible criticism of percolation theory is that it allows for many scenarios and interpretations that would permit contact to have happened at this point.
If we assume that an intelligent species would similarly take 4.5 billion years to emerge (the time between Earth's formation and modern humans), and consider that our galaxy has been around for 13.5 billion years, that still leaves a 9 billion years window.
For 9 billion years, multiple civilizations could have come and gone, and while no one species could have colonized the entire galaxy, it's hard to imagine that this activity would have gone unnoticed.
Under the circumstances, one may be forced to conclude that in addition to their being limits to how a civilization can reach that there are other limiting factors at work here (Great Filter, anyone?)
However, it is important to remind ourselves that no proposed resolution to the Fermi Paradox is without its share of holes.
Also, expecting a theory or theorist to have all the answers to a subject as complex (yet data-poor) as the existence of extraterrestrials is about as unrealistic as expecting consistency in the behavior of ETIs themselves!
Overall, this hypothesis is highly useful because of the way it breaks down many of the assumptions inherent to "Fact A."
It also presents an entirely logical starting point for answering the fundamental question. Why haven't we heard from any ETIs? Because it's unrealistic to conclude that they should have colonized the better part of the galaxy by now, especially when the laws of physics (as we know them) preclude such a thing.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Patents suggest potential alien technology in the US Army
Patents suggest potential alien technology in the US Army
According to some researchers, various governments (such as the US) have recovered “alien” artifacts. Were these artifacts the source of much of our technology? Some people question this.
Internal emails recently obtained by The War Zone suggest that the US Navy is in possession of exotic energy-producing technologies of potentially extraterrestrial origin.
The patents created by cryptic inventor Dr. Salvatore Pais bear names and descriptions such as “high temperature superconductor”, “high frequency gravitational wave generator”, “electronic field generator” and “plasma compression fusion device”. All of which sound very advanced and others mundane, don’t they?
The US Navy also appears to have some kind of hybrid aerospace / submarine craft that patent applications reveal to be equipped with an ‘inertial mass reduction device’. A diagram of what The Drive describes as the theoretical building blocks of a UFO-like craft is also present in the patent applications (see below):
Dubbed as a “ship using an inertial mass reduction device,” the image above is one of many created by Pais. Dubbed as a “ship using an inertial mass reduction device,” the image above is one of many created by Pais, who at the time these patent applications were filed was an aerospace engineer at Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) and the Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWCAD) in Patuxent River, Maryland.
“Each of the recent Pais inventions relies on what the inventor calls’ the Pais effect ‘, described in numerous publications by the inventor as the’ controlled movement of electrically charged matter (from solid to plasma) through accelerated spin and / or accelerated vibration under fast (albeit smooth) acceleration-deceleration-acceleration transients’ ”.
Although some of the so-called “experts” scoff at these and other extraterrestrial concepts for lacking experimental evidence, Pais in a series of e-mail correspondence expressed confidence that his work will be correct “one good day.”
Does the military have advanced knowledge of nuclear fusion technology?
Although partially redacted, the emails and patent applications obtained by The War Zone are a true revelation. They suggest that the US military has some incredibly powerful technologies in its possession that, at first glance, would appear to exist only in science fiction movies.
However, Pais’ inventions are not mere chimeras, as evidenced by one of the redacted emails indicating that a doctor, whose identity has been blocked from view, gave his “unreserved approval” for a document covering patents .
This doctor describes himself as “one of the world’s leading authorities on advanced power and propulsion / quantum vacuum engineering,” and the email further explains that he sent Pais’s study to several of his colleagues for review.
The email the doctor sent to his colleagues indicates:
“I would like to draw your attention to a recently published article… ‘The High Energy Electromagnetic Field Generator’… which has great implications regarding the feasibility of gravitational (and therefore inertial) mass reduction by accelerated spin and accelerated vibration of electrically charged systems. Enabling extreme ship speeds, and therefore the feasibility of intergalactic travel using current engineering materials and methods, is possible with this publication. “
While the identities of the colleagues who received this email are unknown, it is speculated that one of them could be aerospace engineer H. David Froning, who has published numerous peer-reviewed studies on ‘new directions in electromagnetic fields to control nuclear fusion reactions. ‘
Many of the technologies discussed in the Froning studies were patented by Pais, so it is safe to assume that the two have worked together in the past, and probably still do.
The War Zone reports:
“… some of the language in Froning’s book review echoes the language in some of these internal NAVAIR emails.”
Pais concluded in his email:
“One thing is for sure, the existence of this whitepaper and its current acceptance by leading authorities in the field will greatly facilitate the patent examination process, which will hopefully culminate in two essential patents for the technologically advanced future of the Navy. ”.
Despite these new details, we are as baffled as ever by these strange patents and what they could mean for the “technologically advanced future of the Navy.” We have yet to find experimental validations or experts in the field that can confirm Pais’s theories.
NASA AND ASTROBOTIC VIDEO REVEALS A BRILLIANT LITTLE MOON ROVER'S MANEUVERS
NASA AND ASTROBOTIC VIDEO REVEALS A BRILLIANT LITTLE MOON ROVER'S MANEUVERS
The rover has to be small and light, but incredibly tough. Here's what it looks like.
THE NUMBER OF VEHICLESthat have landed on the Moon remains a very exclusive club. The Moon buggies of the ‘70s and China’s recent exploration of the far side of the Moon stand out, but a Pittsburgh-based company wants to see many more rovers on the surface. To do so, it’s thinking small.
WHAT'S NEW
This month, Astrobotic and NASA announced that the company's tiny CubeRovers had completed its mobility tests with NASA. The road is long, though. While the CubeRovers passed 150 mobility tests that NASA had placed before them, NASA still has more than 1,000 tests to perform. Before it can do donuts in the lunsar basin called the Sea of Tranquility, the tiny rover must still pass many tests before it can get approved for the trip.
The rovers are tiny, standing at a mere 3.3 feet (103 centimeters) and weighing only 73 pounds. While they have a long way to go before they are ready for launch, the company tells Inverse that they will “absolutely” be ready by 2024, in time for NASA’s planned Artemis mission launch date.
Mike Provenzano, Astrobotic’s Director of Planetary Mobility, tells Inverse that CubeRovers are a direct response to CubeSats, the tiny satellites that have revolutionized the satellite industry. Once the domain of major corporations and countries, satellites can now be built by college students.
“Imagine you’re going to go to university, build your own CubeRover, and fly to the Moon all before you graduate. How cool would that be? That’s a personal goal,” Provenzano tells Inverse.
The idea for the tiny rovers starts in 2017, Provenzano says, with a collaboration between Astrobotic and the Pittsburgh-based Carnegie Mellon University. That’s not too surprising, considering that the company was originally spun out of the college. Since 2018, Astrobotic has “really taken the idea and turned it into a product we can sell,” he says. That has meant a series of design changes.
“It was a two-wheeled rover with a tail. And then it had four wheels with no solar panel, and now it has a solar panel,” he says. Above all, CubeRover's weight is a priority.
With weight being a premium on every space flight, having rovers that weigh closer to a small child or a piece of furniture would have a major advantage over its heavier competitors. China's Yuta-2 rover, which has been making discoveries on the far side of the Moon, weighs over 300 pounds.
WHY IT MATTERS
The Moon presents many challenges to any entity foolhardy enough to grace its surface, human or machine. The weather is a big one, with one day on the Moon equalling fourteen Earth days. That means fourteen days of consecutive sunlight followed by fourteen days of darkness.
For the little CubeRover, it means “designing a system that can survive that negative 100 degrees Celsius up to 100 degrees Celsius,” Provenzano says, which he describes as “really tough.”
HERE'S THE BACKGROUND
Everything from the radiation from the Van Allen belts to the challenge of getting a good WiFi connection would be a challenge for a tiny vehicle, and Provenzano predicts that the company’s first generation of CubeRovers “are not going to survive, literally because it’s just too cold.”
But despite the challenges, NASA’s tests give room for optimism. Working out of the Kennedy Space Center, scientists tested CubeRover wheels with flour-like dust that compacts to hard rock when compressed, a close approximation of lunar regolith. A video provided by the company — watch it above — shows a NASA tester giving an enthusiastic thumbs up as a CubeRover climbs out of an imitation crater.
A NASA scientist observes the CubeRover climb out of a holeNASA/Kim Shiflett
The curious footage, Provenzano says, showcases a “really cool” potential idea—digging craters on the lunar surface and having the CubeRovers burrow underneath, shielding them from the extreme temperatures.
WHAT'S NEXT
The CubeRover could open up any number of possibilities on the lunar surface, where scientists are eager to learn about the origins of lunar water. While the Earth’s lone natural satellite is “a logical next step,” Provenzano says Mars “is really interesting too.”
While the Red Planet would offer its own challenges, it’s clear that the company is thinking big with its very small rovers.
Could invisible aliens really exist among us? An astrobiologist explains
They probably won’t look anything like this.
Martina Badini/Shutterstock
Could invisible aliens really exist among us? An astrobiologist explains
Life is pretty easy to recognise. It moves, it grows, it eats, it excretes, it reproduces. Simple. In biology, researchers often use the acronym “MRSGREN” to describe it. It stands for movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion and nutrition.
But Helen Sharman, Britain’s first astronaut and a chemist at Imperial College London, recently said that alien lifeforms that are impossible to spot may be living among us. How could that be possible?
While life may be easy to recognise, it’s actually notoriously difficult to define and has had scientists and philosophers in debate for centuries – if not millennia. For example, a 3D printer can reproduce itself, but we wouldn’t call it alive. On the other hand, a mule is famously sterile, but we would never say it doesn’t live.
As nobody can agree, there are more than 100 definitions of what life is. An alternative (but imperfect) approach is describing life as “a self-sustaining chemical system capable of Darwinian evolution”, which works for many cases we want to describe.
The lack of definition is a huge problem when it comes to searching for life in space. Not being able to define life other than “we’ll know it when we see it” means we are truly limiting ourselves to geocentric, possibly even anthropocentric, ideas of what life looks like. When we think about aliens, we often picture a humanoid creature. But the intelligent life we are searching for doesn’t have to be humanoid.
Life, but not as we know it
Sharman says she believes aliens exist and “there’s no two ways about it”. Furthermore, she wonders: “Will they be like you and me, made up of carbon and nitrogen? Maybe not. It’s possible they’re here right now and we simply can’t see them.”
Such life would exist in a “shadow biosphere”. By that, I don’t mean a ghost realm, but undiscovered creatures probably with a different biochemistry. This means we can’t study or even notice them because they are outside of our comprehension. Assuming it exists, such a shadow biosphere would probably be microscopic.
So why haven’t we found it? We have limited ways of studying the microscopic world as only a small percentage of microbes can be cultured in a lab. This may mean that there could indeed be many lifeforms we haven’t yet spotted. We do now have the ability to sequence the DNA of unculturable strains of microbes, but this can only detect life as we know it – that contain DNA.
If we find such a biosphere, however, it is unclear whether we should call it alien. That depends on whether we mean “of extraterrestrial origin” or simply “unfamiliar”.
Silicon-based life
A popular suggestion for an alternative biochemistry is one based on silicon rather than carbon. It makes sense, even from a geocentric point of view. Around 90% of the Earth is made up of silicon, iron, magnesium and oxygen, which means there’s lots to go around for building potential life.
Artist’s impression of a silicon-based life form.Zita
Silicon is similar to carbon, it has four electrons available for creating bonds with other atoms. But silicon is heavier, with 14 protons (protons make up the atomic nucleus with neutrons) compared to the six in the carbon nucleus. While carbon can create strong double and triple bonds to form long chains useful for many functions, such as building cell walls, it is much harder for silicon. It struggles to create strong bonds, so long-chain molecules are much less stable.
What’s more, common silicon compounds, such as silicon dioxide (or silica), are generally solid at terrestrial temperatures and insoluble in water. Compare this to highly soluble carbon dioxide, for example, and we see that carbon is more flexible and provides many more molecular possibilities.
Life on Earth is fundamentally different from the bulk composition of the Earth. Another argument against a silicon-based shadow biosphere is that too much silicon is locked up in rocks. In fact, the chemical composition of life on Earth has an approximate correlation with the chemical composition of the sun, with 98% of atoms in biology consisting of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon. So if there were viable silicon lifeforms here, they may have evolved elsewhere.
That said, there are arguments in favour of silicon-based life on Earth. Nature is adaptable. A few years ago, scientists at Caltech managed to breed a bacterial protein that created bonds with silicon – essentially bringing silicon to life. So even though silicon is inflexible compared with carbon, it could perhaps find ways to assemble into living organisms, potentially including carbon.
And when it comes to other places in space, such as Saturn’s moon Titan or planets orbiting other stars, we certainly can’t rule out the possibility of silicon-based life.
To find it, we have to somehow think outside of the terrestrial biology box and figure out ways of recognising lifeforms that are fundamentally different from the carbon-based form. There are plenty of experiments testing out these alternative biochemistries, such as the one from Caltech.
Regardless of the belief held by many that life exists elsewhere in the universe, we have no evidence for that. So it is important to consider all life as precious, no matter its size, quantity or location. The Earth supports the only known life in the universe. So no matter what form life elsewhere in the solar system or universe may take, we have to make sure we protect it from harmful contamination – whether it is terrestrial life or alien lifeforms.
So could aliens be among us? I don’t believe that we have been visited by a life form with the technology to travel across the vast distances of space. But we do have evidence for life-forming, carbon-based molecules having arrived on Earth on meteorites, so the evidence certainly doesn’t rule out the same possibility for more unfamiliar life forms.
Sterrenwacht gaat mee op zoek naar “strategieën om de baan af te buigen van asteroïden die met aarde kunnen botsen”
De Koninklijke Sterrenwacht mag een gravimeter (meetinstrument waarmee de dichtheid van een bepaalde stof gemeten kan worden) leveren voor de Juventas-satelliet, die binnen zeven jaar moet landen op asteroïde Dimorphos. Het meetinstrument moet de sterkte van het zwaartekrachtsveld van de asteroïde meten en inzichten leveren over “toekomstige strategieën om de baan af te buigen van asteroïden die met de aarde kunnen botsen”.
Het gaat om een onderdeel van het planetaire defensieprogramma van de Europese ruimtevaartorganisatie ESA, zegt de Sterrenwacht. De gravimeter moet inzichten opleveren over "toekomstige strategieën om de baan af te buigen van asteroïden die met de aarde kunnen botsen".
De Juventas-satelliet en het meetinstrument moeten in 2024 vertrekken met het Hera-ruimtevaartuig van de ESA. De Hera-missie is de Europese bijdrage aan een internationale missie met twee ruimtesondes naar een dubbele of binaire asteroïde. Een binaire asteroïde is een systeem van twee asteroïdes met een gemeenschappelijk zwaartepunt. In dit geval gaat het om Didymos, de grootste asteroïde met een diameter van 780 meter, en Dimorphos, een maan die rond Didymos draait, met een diameter van 160 meter.
In 2027 moet Juventas op Dimorphos landen. Dat gebeurt nadat het Amerikaanse ruimtevaartagentschap NASA al vijf jaar eerder (2022) zijn DART-missie heeft laten inslaan op Dimorphos. Verwacht wordt dat het NASA-ruimtetuig zo de baan van de Didymos-maan verandert. Bedoeling is dat Hera het nieuwe traject van Dimorphos gaat onderzoeken, na de eerste observaties vanop aarde.
"Van de gravimeter wordt verwacht dat hij waardevolle gegevens over de massaverdeling, de interne structuur en de dynamica van Dimorphos naar de aarde stuurt. Deze informatie zal bijdragen aan het opzetten van toekomstige strategieën om de baan af te buigen van asteroïden die met de aarde kunnen botsen", zegt de Sterrenwacht in een persbericht.
GRASS-gravimeter
De ESA selecteerde de Sterrenwacht samen met het Spaanse technologiebedrijf EMXYS voor de levering van de GRASS-gravimeter. De Sterrenwacht stelt de GRASS-gravimeter voor, ontwerpt ze en ontwikkelt ze, en werkt daarvoor samen met EMXYS, dat de definitieve ruimteversie van het instrument levert.
Het gaat in meerdere opzichten om een primeur. GRASS zal de eerste gravimeter ooit op een asteroïde zijn. Daarnaast is het voor het eerst dat de Sterrenwacht deelneemt aan een ruimtemissie naar een asteroïde. "Hera zal de eerste missie zijn om een gedetailleerde karakterisering van een binair asteroïde systeem uit te voeren", zegt Ozgur Karatekin van de Koninklijke Sterrenwacht in het persbericht.
The joint U.S.-European Solar Orbiter spacecraft had an appointment with Venus this morning (Dec. 27), the first in a series of planetary flybys to hone the probe's orbit on its journey to the sun.
Solar Orbiter reached its closest approach to Venus at 7:39 a.m. EST (1239 GMT), when the spacecraft was about 4,700 miles (7,500 kilometers) from the top of the planet's cloud tops. The probe, a partnership between NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA), launched in February, bound to spend seven years studying our sun. But to get as close to our star as scientists want to, the spacecraft needs to make some loops, starting with today's flyby of Venus. And if you're flying a spacecraft past a planet anyway, you may as well try to get a little data out of the adventure.
"Solar Orbiter is of course a mission not designed specifically to take Venus observations," Daniel Müller, project scientist for the mission at the European Space Agency, said at a news briefing held on Dec. 10 at the annual fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union, held virtually this month. "We are always looking for bonus opportunities to do science, so yes, we will be doing observations when we approach Venus."
However, the spacecraft's main goal of studying the sun does limit what work it can do flying past Venus. A key constraint comes from the spacecraft's sun-wary design. "We always need to point our heat shield toward the sun, that cannot be changed," Müller said. "The telescopes are all looking through the heat shield in the solar direction."
So no Venus images for us from this spacecraft. But while scientists are particularly excited for the detailed views of the sun's poles that Solar Orbiter will eventually provide, the spacecraft also carries a suite of instruments that focus on the immediate environment, and for these, direction isn't an issue.
During today's flyby, scientists gathered data using the spacecraft's magnetometer, radio and plasma waves instrument and some of the sensors on the energetic particle detector. Given those instruments and Solar Orbiter's distance from Venus, the observations will have a limited impact on science.
"At those kinds of distances, looking at how Venus interacts with the solar wind that's flowing past it is going to be the key thing we're looking at," Tim Horbury, a physicist at Imperial College London and principal investigator of one of Solar Orbiter's instruments, said during the same panel.
Unlike Earth, Venus doesn't have a magnetic field, so the solar wind interacts directly with the planet instead of with that field. "It's a very different interaction," Horbury said.
And because today's maneuver marks Solar Orbiter's first swing past Venus, the team wasn't sure what to expect scientifically from the flyby. The mission team was in communication with the spacecraft during the flyby, but it will be a few days before scientists can dig into the data the instruments gather during the operation, according to ESA.
"We'll really be looking out for new and interesting things," Müller said. "We can't really say yet what they will be."
Email Meghan Bartels at mbartels@space.com or follow her on Twitter @meghanbartels. Follow uson Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.
Alien hunters are investigating a mysterious radio signal from our neighbouring star Proxima Centauri - causing the biggest excitement since the 'Wow' signal in 1977
Alien hunters are investigating a mysterious radio signal from our neighbouring star Proxima Centauri - causing the biggest excitement since the 'Wow' signal in 1977
By Ryan Morrison For Mailonline
Pictured, a not-to-scale representation of how far away Proxima B is from Earth compared to Voyager 1, the farthest man-made object which was launched in 1977
A strange radio signal was first detected by the Parkes telescope in early 2019
It was a 'short-lived' signal and astronomers can't identify the original source
Astronomers are looking to see if any human-made source could be responsible
The star is 4.2 light years from the Earth and includes an Earth-like rocky planet
A mysterious radio signal from our nearest stellar neighbour, Proxima Centauri, is being 'carefully investigated' by a team of alien-hunting astronomers.
Researchers from the Breakthrough Listen Project – a £70m initiative to find alien life through radio telescopes – have been studying the radio waves since April 2019.
Proxima Centauri is 4.2 light years from Earth and has two confirmed planets, a Jupiter-like gas giant and a rocky world called Proxima b in the habitable zone.
The signal was spotted by the Parkes radio telescope in Australia in April or May 2020, according to a report in The Guardian, and, unlike previous radio bursts hasn't been attributed to any Earth-based or near-Earth human-created source.
It is likely that this signal has a natural explanation, but that hasn't stopped alien-hunting astronomers from listening more closely than they normally would.
The team say this is one of the most exciting radio signals since the 'WOW!' signal in 1977 that led many to speculate it originated from a distant alien civilisation.
Artist's rendering of Proxima Centauri system. Portrayed on the right, Proxima c orbits in about 5.2 years around its host star. The system also comprises the smaller Proxima b, on the left, discovered in 2016 that orbits in the 'habitable zone' closer than Mercury is to the Sun
Proxima b is an Earth-like rocky world that orbits within the 'habitable zone' of Proxima Centauri – that is an area where liquid water could flow on the surface of the planet.
However, as Proxima Centauri is a red dwarf, the habitable zone is very close to the star, meaning the planet is likely tidally locked and exposed to intense radiation, making it unlikely any civilisation has been able to form – at least on the surface.
The radio signal was detected in the 980MHz range, and shifts in the frequency detected by the Parkes telescope are consistent with the movement of a planet.
This suggests it could be evidence of a third planet within the system, rather than signs of an alien civilisation, something researchers say would be 'very unlikely.'
Pete Worden, director of Breakthrough Initiatives, said the signals are likely interference from Earth-based sources we can't yet explain.
However, he told The Guardian that it was important to wait and see what the project scientists conclude from their close examination of the signal.
The beam being investigated hasn't been spotted since the first observation in April or May 2019, causing astronomers to speculate it is similar to the 'Wow! signal.
This was a short-lived radio signal detected from a distant star system by the Big Ear Radio Observatory in the US in 1977, and labelled with the word 'WOW!'.
Until now, that has been the best possible candidate astronomers have had to work with for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence - although like this new signal, very little is known about it or what unleashed the signal in the first place.
In this image from the Hubble Space Telescope is our relative neighbour Proxima Centauri, a low mass star in the triple-star Alpha Centauri system. Proxima Centauri is not visible to the naked eye due to its small size - eight times smaller than the Sun
The team from Breakthrough Listen are currently preparing a research paper on the findings, although no date for publication has been set.
Proxima b: The nearest exoplanet to the Earth
Proxima b is the nearest exoplanet to the Earth and the closest planet to the star Proxima Centauri.
It orbits within the habitable zone of the star - but as Proxima Centauri is a red dwarf and much smaller than the Sun this zone is very close to the star.
Proxima b orbits its star every 11.2 Earth days and has a mass of about 1.2 times that of the Earth.
The rocky world is subject to solar winds 2,000 times those experienced on Earth from the Sun.
While it is within a zone where liquid water could form - these stellar winds make it unlikely life could evolve.
The planet was discovered in August 2016 and is likely tidally locked.
For these reasons, despite being in the habitable zone, its actual habitability has not been established.
Studies have suggested the planet could have surface oceans and a thin atmosphere, but that hasn't been confirmed.
Astronomers won't know if it has water or an atmosphere until it can be seen transiting in front of its star - which has yet to happen.
If water and an atmosphere are present, even with the extensive radiation, it could be possible life has developed on the planet.
Scientists hope the James Webb Space Telescope - due to come online next year - could detect the atmosphere of Proxima Centauri b.
There is also a theoretical mission to send a probe to the planet in 2069 to search for biosignatures.
The initiative was launched by Silicon Valley tech investor Yuri Milner in 2015 to look for stray or intentional alien signals and designed to last a decade.
Breakthrough Listen involves listening out for 'technosignatures' within the range of signals coming from the universe and signatures from human-made objects.
Speaking to the Guardian, Lewis Dartnell, an astrobiologist from the University of Westminster, said it was incredibly unlikely this signal is from an alien civilisation.
'We've been looking for alien life for so long now and the idea that it could turn out to be on our front doorstep, in the very next star system, is piling improbabilities upon improbabilities,' he told The Guardian.
The professor of science communication said if there is intelligent life as close as Proxima Centauri then it is likely the galaxy is teeming with life.
'The chances of the only two civilisations in the entire galaxy happening to be neighbours, among 400bn stars, absolutely stretches the bounds of rationality,' he said.
Proxima b is also likely to be constantly bathed in stellar radiation, making it unlikely liquid water and life 'as we know it' could have formed on the rocky world.
An earlier study by University of Sydney researchers found that Proxima Centauri has regular coronal mass ejections that hit the nearby rocky planet.
This discovery was based on a different radio signal that is thought to have been caused by a particularly large ejection or solar flare from the star.
These solar flares would kill all life on a planet too close - and Proxima b is within this danger zone, and so likely showered with sterilising particles on a regular basis.
The planet is also likely tidally locked - just like the Moon is with the Earth - due to its close proximity to the star, meaning one side is always day, the other night.
'It's hard to imagine how you can have a stable climatic system and all the things you need to get from bacteria, which are hardy, up to intelligent animal life forms, which certainly are not,' Dartnell told the Guardian.
'But I'd love to be proved wrong,' he added.
It is possible there are other planets, slightly further from the star, that have yet to be discovered by astronomers, but they are likely too far away for liquid water to form.
KEY DISCOVERIES IN HUMANITY'S SEARCH FOR ALIEN LIFE
Discovery of pulsars
British astronomer Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell was the first person to discover a pulsar in 1967 when she spotted a radio pulsar.
Since then other types of pulsars that emit x-rays and gamma rays have also been spotted.
Pulsars are essentially rotating, highly magnatised neutron stars but when they were first discovered it was believed they could come from aliens.
'Wow!' radio signal
In 1977, an astronomer looking for alien life in the nigh sky above Ohio spotted a powerful radio signal so strong that he excitedly wrote 'Wow!' next to his data.
In 1977, an astronomer looking for alien life in the nigh sky above Ohio spotted a powerful radio signal so strong that he excitedly wrote 'Wow!' next to his data
The 72-second blast, spotted by Dr Jerry Ehman through a radio telescope, came from Sagittarius but matched no known celestial object.
Conspiracy theorists have since claimed that the 'Wow! signal', which was 30 times stronger than background radiation, was a message from intelligent extraterrestrials.
Fossilised martian microbes
In 1996 Nasa and the White House made the explosive announcement that the rock contained traces of Martian bugs.
The meteorite, catalogued as Allen Hills (ALH) 84001, crashed onto the frozen wastes of Antarctica 13,000 years ago and was recovered in 1984.
Photographs were released showing elongated segmented objects that appeared strikingly lifelike.
Photographs were released showing elongated segmented objects that appeared strikingly lifelike (pictured)
However, the excitement did not last long. Other scientists questioned whether the meteorite samples were contaminated.
They also argued that heat generated when the rock was blasted into space may have created mineral structures that could be mistaken for microfossils.
Behaviour of Tabby's Star in 2005
The star, otherwise known as KIC 8462852, is located 1,400 light years away and has baffled astonomers since being discovered in 2015.
It dims at a much faster rate than other stars, which some experts have suggested is a sign of aliens harnessing the energy of a star.
The star, otherwise known as KIC 8462852, is located 1,400 light years away and has baffled astonomers since being discovered in 2015 (artist's impression)
Recent studies have 'eliminated the possibility of an alien megastructure', and instead, suggests that a ring of dust could be causing the strange signals.
Exoplanets in the Goldilocks zone in 2015
In February this year astronomers announced they had spotted a star system with planets that could support life just 39 light years away.
Seven Earth-like planets were discovered orbiting nearby dwarf star 'Trappist-1', and all of them could have water at their surface, one of the key components of life.
Three of the planets have such good conditions, that scientists say life may have already evolved on them.
Researchers claim that they will know whether or not there is life on any of the planets within a decade, and said 'this is just the beginning.'
The Parkes Observatory in Australia detected radio signals from Proxima CentauriCSIRO/A. Cherney
Astronomers have spotted what may be the strongest candidate yet for an alien signal. Researchers at the Breakthrough Listen project have found an unusual beam of radio light coming from around our nearest neighbouring star, Proxima Centauri, according to a report in The Guardian on 18 December.
Any purported discovery of aliens always has to be taken with scepticism. That is especially true in cases where a signal appears to be a possible technosignature, a sign of alien technology rather than simply life beyond Earth. The Breakthrough Listen team has been extremely cautious about this find. “No one is claiming it’s a technosignature,” tweeted Pete Worden, chairman of the Breakthrough Prize Foundation.
In fact, the researchers aren’t claiming much about it at all. News of the signal came to light by a researcher speaking to The Guardian before the scientific paper on it has been published – the data analysis isn’t yet complete, so nobody can be sure exactly what this strange radio beam is. All we know so far is that it is peculiar.
“The Breakthrough Listen team has detected several unusual signals and is carefully investigating,” Worden tweeted. “The strongest and most persistent are all from Proxima.”
The team detected several signals while examining data gathered by the Parkes Observatory in Australia in a 2019 search for stellar flares from Proxima Centauri. Nearly all of the signals flagged by Breakthrough Listen’s algorithms as potential extraterrestrial beacons turned out to be from human-made technology like satellites – except for one.
This odd signal lasted about 3 hours and was concentrated in a very narrow range of wavelengths – a range that isn’t generally used by our satellites and spacecraft. It was the first signal to pass through Breakthrough Listen’s first round of checks, which are mainly designed to weed out signals that actually originate from Earth. The researchers have named it Breakthrough Listen Candidate 1, or BLC1.
However, Worden urged caution and stressed that the Breakthrough Listen team still believes these signals will turn out to be radio interference from Earthly technology, rather than contact from an alien civilization. All previous signals the team has detected have been quickly explained by Breakthrough Listen’s first round of tests, but the researchers will have to run additional checks they have never used before on this new signal, says Jason Wright at Pennsylvania State University. They are running those checks now.
If it is truly a signal from Proxima Centauri, that is interesting not only because it is our solar system’s nearest stellar neighbour at just 4.2 light years away, but also because we know that it has at least two planets.
“Proxima is also neat because some people have speculated that if there is a lot of technology in the galaxy and if you wanted to communicate over long distances, sending the signal directly is a pretty inefficient way to do it,” says Wright. “It’s like how if I call you on the phone, my mobile phone is not directly sending your phone a radio signal.”
The idea is that advanced aliens would be more likely to set up a network that could look somewhat like an interstellar cellphone system, with many interconnected nodes relaying messages across the galaxy. “If extraterrestrial civilisations are doing that, we wouldn’t expect to get a lot of signals from distant stars, we’d expect to find them from nearby stars,” says Wright.
We will know whether BLC1 is just Earthly interference in the next few months, after Breakthrough Listen researchers run more tests and officially publish their investigations. Even if they rule out interference from our own satellites or spacecraft, astronomers will run through many other possible explanations before they conclude it is aliens. The team will be keeping a close eye on our closest neighbour.
Dr. Steven Greer on Remote Viewing, Higher State of Consciousness, and The Contact
Dr. Steven Greer on Remote Viewing, Higher State of Consciousness, and The Contact
Dr. Steven Greer on Remote Viewing, Higher State of Consciousness, and The Contact
The work that medical doctor, researcher and author Steven Greer continues to do through the organization CSETI has made some tremendous breakthroughs in establishing contact with an intelligent phenomena, often perceived as UFOs, Light Phenomena and strange looking entities.
Steven demonstrates that there is a conscious connection being established with this phenomena and on many occasions they are being caught on camera.
Something Falling From the Sky in Southern West Virginia! - Must Video
Something Falling From the Sky in Southern West Virginia! - Must Video
Hmm. So. did they go to where it landed? Was its landing spot afire? I would have to know a lot more/ Why end it as it., “landed”? Did it land? Meteorite?
Days Of Noah Reloaded - Hybrids Walk Among Us - A Documentary
Days Of Noah Reloaded - Hybrids Walk Among Us - A Documentary
Ordo Ab Cho is the Latin phrase for “Order Out of Chaos”. Professor Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, a Freemason and a political and social scientist at the University of Berlin (1817-1831), maintained that man could shape history and achieve ultimate peace only through repetitive episodes of controlled conflict between opposing forces.
Hegel advocated the idea that men must create, manipulate and manage that conflict in order to create a pre-determined outcome – the controlled change, the synthesis. Bible Prophesies Chaos Ahead – The present turmoil we find ourselves in is child’s play compared to the world upheaval just ahead as foretold in the Bible. And the four angels were loosed, which were prepared for an hour, and a day, and a month, and a year, for to slay the third part of men. Rev 9:15
Huge cigar shaped UFO filmed over Andes mountain range, Chile
Huge cigar shaped UFO filmed over Andes mountain range, Chile
During a flight from Puerto Montt to Santiago a plane passenger filmed a huge partially cloaked cigar-shaped UFO over Andes mountain range in Chile on November 11, 2020.
My name is Rodrigo from Chile, on 11/11/2020 on the sky flight H272 from Puerto Montt to Santiago (departure 18:36, arrival 20:14 hours).
Approximately arriving in Santiago at 8:00 p.m., I was looking at the landscape (Andes mountain range) the only "cloud" (dark and fat, in the shape of a worm) catches my attention, "rain cloud" style, above the peak of the Montana. From my window at an angle of about 65 degrees.
As the plane was parallel to the "cloud", I noticed that it began to be "clearer" (I thought it was "something" normal of the winds and altitude) and it was there that at the right point of the cloud, it made a " small flash of white light "that caught my attention and amazement (in a matter of second), I couldn't believe what I was seeing,
I was stunned, when I turned around and saw inside the cabin if someone was looking at the same thing as me, the person closest to me, I was in an intermediate seat to mine (Mrs. Older) sleeping with masks (I also had the mask on), when trying to take my cell phone that was locked and is unlocked with facial recognition, I lost valuable seconds when using alphanumeric unlock. After enabling the cell phone, I focus on the "cloud"
As can be seen, "it was no longer a rain cloud", but it took the form of something solid and clearer.
After the first photo, go to video in slow motion format (effect that was used when making videos to my daughter), where "you can see that it is no longer a cloud" but a "solid disk" (it passed all its metamorphosis),
It was impressive to see the "UFO" (calmly in my house and thanks to google map, look for the reference hill, when measuring, it showed me that the UFO was approximately 6 kilometers long).
When the plane moves away from the UFO, at first glance it gives a visual effect of fading on the horizon, it may be an optical effect, but when occupying filters in the video the UFO was still but getting smaller.
At that moment the plane makes a U-turn preparing the landing, at that moment I thought I had already lost sight of the UFO, and to my surprise I see it again at another point of the Andes mountain range, on the horizon, where I take my cell phone , I unlock it for the last photo and video of the UFO. Mufon.
Israel’s Former Space Security Chief Claims Aliens Exist, And Trump Knows
Israel’s Former Space Security Chief Claims Aliens Exist, And Trump Knows
In interview with Israel’s Yediot Aharonot newspaper, former head of Israel’s Defense Ministry’s space directorate Haim Eshed said the U.S. government has been in contact with extraterrestrials from a “galactic federation.” NBC News’ Bill Neely reports.
In January, the world’s largest single-dish radio telescope was declared fully operational in China’s Guizhou province. Beijing’s steadfast commitment to improving the nation’s position as a leader in the basic sciences can be gleaned from the fact that the construction of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) was completed in five years, a remarkable achievement for a project of its technical complexity. The scientific mandate of FAST is many ways quite conventional for a telescope of its size, including detection of “fast radio bursts” – bursts of extremely powerful radio-waves from deep space of varying duration whose origins remains a mystery. (In September last year, FAST detected a significant number of such bursts from a single source, a feat that could only be achieved due to the telescope’s sensitivity.)
It is, however, the inclusion of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) in FAST’s scientific agenda that has attracted the most media attention, not always savory. A February 2016 New York Times article on FAST, for example, was headlined “China Telescope to Displace 9,000 Villagers in Hunt for Extraterrestrials.” Other media reporting emphasized the inclusion of SETI in the telescope’s research mandate at the expense of commenting on its potentially path-breaking use to study natural cosmic phenomena such as pulsars (distant geriatric stars made of exotic nuclear matter).
There is also no fundamental reason, as astronomers has now come to see, why detection of alien life may always need radio astronomy. Increasingly, search for “techno-signatures” – signs of advanced alien intelligence – now includes scanning other bands of the electromagnetic spectrum, predominantly infrared waves. But that said, recent revisions of the estimates of the number of extraterrestrial civilizations in our galaxy alone (up to 300,000) – sharpened by recent advances in exoplanetology – points to the increasing probability of their detection.
China’s SETI road
It is interesting to think of how China and the rest of the world would react if – and this is a mighty “if” – China’s new mega radio telescope manages to detect an alien signal. What immediate steps would Beijing take if this were to happen during Xi Jinping’s (indefinite) tenure? As strategic competition between Washington and Beijing heats up and talks of a new Cold War abound, how would the United States and other allied powers react to the fact that the greatest discovery in human history was made possible through the efforts of an authoritarian, repressive regime? Would this mark an intensification of the rivalry between the China and the West, or lead to its decline?
The irony of this thought experiment of course is in the fact that we are now forced to contemplate the possibility that it is China and not the United States that is in the pole position to detect a signal from an extraterrestrial intelligence. And in many ways, this was in the making for some time.
While the American radio telescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico – the second-largest of its kind, after the Chinese dish – became iconic in the public’s imagination when it came to SETI, in 1993 the U.S. Congress terminated all research funding for what one American senator famously described as “Martian hunting season at the taxpayer’s expense.” (The SETI program at Arecibo, which lasted for a year till federal funding for it was stopped, was pioneered by astronomer Jill Tarter, widely assumed to be model for the character of Ellie Arroway, the protagonist of the movie and novel Contact. Early on in the movie version, Arroway’s SETI time on the Arecibo telescope is cancelled by a dismissive federal science administrator.)
This is not to say that American astronomers have stopped SETI research: substantial funding has since flowed from private sources. Most significantly, in 2015 Russian Silicon Valley billionaire (with serious Kremlin links) Yuri Milner announced a $100 million “Breakthrough Listen” initiative to search for extraterrestrial intelligence. Milner’s funding continues to help the SETI program through the U.S. National Science Foundation-supported Green Bank Telescope, for example.
But private initiatives like Milner’s are international in character. For example, Breakthrough Listen is actively collaborating with the FAST project. While China has advertised FAST as an integral part of international collaborative efforts, it is controlled by the Chinese state directly. The ultimate arbiter of how of the new telescope’s time will go into the search for SETI is Beijing’s prerogative.
If directing state resources toward SETI is not an obstacle for China, could state ideology be so? Marxism-Leninism, the liturgy of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), has no problems imagining the existence of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe. Writing in 1980, Soviet astronomer Boris A. Voronstov-Vel’yaminov noted the broad congruence between SETI and his state religion: “Dialectical materialism teaches that the infinite universe harbors an infinite number of inhabited worlds and that life will unfailing spring up where favorable opportunities present themselves.” (While doing so he also took a swipe at the Russian Orthodox Church, remarking that it was, on the other hand, altogether not comfortable with speculations about extraterrestrial life.) At a more concrete level, Soviet astronomers like Nikolai Kardashev were pioneers in detailed theoretical models of extraterrestrial civilizations.
Could there be other reasons why the Chinese may not be comfortable with idea of extraterrestrial intelligence? On this point many have drawn from the writings of Chinese science-fiction phenomena Liu Cixin. In Liu’s telling, the search for SETI may not be such a good thing after all. Based on China’s historical experience – and the “century of humiliation” narrative that finds such a significant place in Xi’s China – he has argued that humanity’s relationship with a sufficiently advanced extraterrestrial civilization may be fundamentally adversarial, resembling that of the hunter and the hunted. (Liu serves as an adviser of sorts to the FAST project.)
The Days After First Contact
Irrespective of the beliefs the leadership in Zhongnanhai holds when it comes to extraterrestrial civilizations, what happens if the FAST dish does receive a signal that, after processing, is determined not to have been generated by any natural astrophysical process?
As SETI Institute astronomer Seth Shostak points out, there are no binding international protocols that would require Beijing to make the discovery internationally known. But if China were to keep the option of non-disclosure open, its astronomical community must analyze the signal and definitely rule out any natural origins of the signal by itself. (Note that, as with recent claims around an unusual star or an interstellar rock that was found in our solar system , the majority of the international astronomical community would vastly prefer natural over artificial explanations.)
Following this, based on China’s recent domestic political behavior and the international environment, one can plausibly posit the following chain of events.
Leading Small Groups (LSGs) – “coordinating bodies that address important policy areas that involve several different (and occasionally competing) parts of the bureaucracy” – are a Chinese governance mechanism that have grown in importance under Xi Jinping. Given that dealing with the aftermath of the discovery of an extraterrestrial intelligence signal is likely to involve getting the science and technology, as well as the national-security bureaucracies to work together, it quite likely that Xi will form one exclusively to deal with it, just as he did for the ongoing coronavirus crisis.
While Xi has personally led key LSGs in the past, whether he himself oversees this one will depend on whether he sees a personal risk in doing so. (For the coronavirus LSG, Xi has let Premier Li Keqiang lead it, perhaps as a way to insure himself should the crisis prove to unmanageable.)
It is highly unlikely that news of this discovery – if not precise details such as its coordinates or content – can be confined to a few in the scientific and political leadership, and impossible if it is a result of an international collaboration using FAST, say with Milner’s Breakthrough Initiative. As soon as words gets out, the CCP will attempt to milk the discovery domestically, arguing that it proves superiority of the Chinese model. This signaling through state-controlled social media such as the microblogging site Weibo will be a further attempt at regime consolidation, especially if the discovery comes at a time when Xi assesses that the Party’s grip over power is slipping. It will be accompanied by aggressive perception-shaping exercise along the line on the discovery the CCP sets.
What about the reaction from the rest of the world? If the details of the FAST signal are not released publicly, there is bound to be Western skepticism – “fake news,” some could exclaim. This reaction will partly be because of the culture of secrecy that permeates Chinese science, leading to an understandable hesitance on the part of many to accept claims from Chinese scientists at face value.
This comes on top of the fact that any suggestions that an astronomical event or object may be artificial is inevitably met with serious skepticism and the discoverer(s) subject to personal attack at times irrespective of their scientific credentials. For Chinese scientists, such attacks may have serious professional and even personal costs, as biophysicist He Jiankui discovered after his claims about the world’s first gene-edited babies were met with international skepticism as well as outrage.
But it could also be due to an ideological backlash: many Western governments may not be readily willing to concede that an authoritarian rival may succeed where they have failed. At a time when the U.S.-China relationship is increasingly acquiring a zero-sum character across the spectrum – political, economic, scientific-technological – and at least one leading American expert has endorsed the clash-of-civilization thesis when it comes to her country’s relationship with China, conceding to the Chinese claim may indeed prove to be politically difficult.
Of course, China’s own stance when it comes to releasing the details of the signal – the coordinates of the source as well as the content of the signal if it was a nonrecurring one-time-only event – will determine much of the international response. Here, the People’s Republic will have two choices, assuming that the discovery was the result of sole efforts of Chinese scientists: release the details to bolster its own credibility (knowing that if the claim was to be dismissed it would do serious damage to China’s international reputation) or keep it a secret. What may ultimately determine Beijing’s choice?
To understand it, note that the ETI signal could be of two different type: a “directed” signal that carries a message (a broadcast, if you wish) or an “undirected” one that could originate from an artificial source but not carry an meaningful information content (for example, energy remnant from some advanced technology of a civilization that harnesses the energy of an entire star or even an entire galaxy – a “Type II” or “Type III” civilization in the Kardashev scale). The difference between the two – whether a signal is part of intelligent communication or simply a technological artifact of alien origin – can be estimated by measuring its Shannon entropy, for example.
If China determines that not only is the signal directed but it has the potential to carry significant amount of information, it may weigh the benefits of keeping the signal secret versus revealing it more carefully for the simple reason that such a message may potentially carry information about very advanced (and therefore useful) technologies. (An advanced technology-blueprint bearing signal was the premise of Contact.) However, note that Chinese scientific achievements are still quite uneven – for example, the People’s Republic was unable to find enough researchers to analyze the FAST data a couple of years ago. It may very well determine that deciphering the message will require coordinated international effort.
Should China indeed release the details of the signal – thereby establishing conclusively that there is intelligent life outside Earth – what would the long-term American reaction be? Just as the Soviet Union’s success in launching the world’s first artificial satellite in 1957 caused the United States to dramatically increase its investment in science and technology, a FAST signal is likely to provoke a similar response especially at a time when American leaders are openly competing with Beijing for technological dominance. But the flip side to this otherwise happy development – just as during the original Cold War – would be the resulting military-technological contest exacerbating already deteriorating US-China relations.
In the 2016 movie Arrival, the worldwide detection of messages from an extraterrestrial intelligence forces the United States, China, and Russia to cooperate despite their individual misgivings – about each other’s as well as the aliens’ intention. The reality, if and when such a time comes, may unfortunately be much more complex.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
NASA SUGGESTS SENDING BOSTON DYNAMICS ROBODOG TO MARS
NASA SUGGESTS SENDING BOSTON DYNAMICS ROBODOG TO MARS
NASA
DAN ROBITZSKI
Good Boy
NASA scientists have an unusual idea for exploring the surface of Mars: sending a four-legged robot dog.
Specifically, researchers suggested that a modified version of Boston Dynamics’ dog-like Spot robot would make for a great alternative to the classic Mars rover, Live Science reports. The idea is that they’re better suited to cover long distances and rough terrain — and could even help map out possible locations for the type of human outpost NASA hopes to eventually establish on the Red Planet.
Mecha-Laika
Scientists are already testing out the idea, equipping a Spot robot with new gear that could help it navigate and plot its surroundings, according to Live Science‘s account. The prototype robodog, nicknamed Au-Spot, would be able to cross terrain that’s inaccessible to a wheeled rover and do so much faster, while also hiking around obstacles and standing back up if it falls over.
“Toppling does not mean mission failure,” the NASA scientists said while presenting the idea at Monday’s annual American Geophysical Union meeting, according to Live Science‘s reporting. “Using recovery algorithms, the robot can self-right from a multitude of falls.”
Den Dweller
Part of Au-Spot’s mission would be to explore and develop maps of Martian caves and tunnels, according to Live Science, in search of suitable locations for a human outpost. For now, it’s doing test runs in hallways and tunnels that mimic Martian terrain in California.
“These behaviors could one day enable revolutionary scientific missions to take place on the Martian surface and subsurface, thereby pushing the boundaries of NASA’s capability in exploring traditionally inaccessible sites,” the scientists said.
Using the Keck I telescope, a team of astronomers has measured the distance to the ancient and farthest galaxy called GN-z11. The galaxy is so distant that it defines the very boundary of the observable universe itself.
According to astronomers, this discovery could shed light on a period of cosmological history when the universe was only a few hundred million years old.
Professor Nobunari Kashikawa from the Department of Astronomy at the University of Tokyo is driven by his curiosity about galaxies. In particular, he sought the most distant one to observe to find out how and when it came to be.
Kashikawa said, “From previous studies, the galaxy GN-z11 seems to be the farthest detectable galaxy from us, at 13.4 billion light-years, or 134 nonillion kilometers (that’s 134 followed by 30 zeros). But measuring and verifying such a distance is not an easy task.”
Astronomers measured the redshift of GN-z11. This refers to the way light stretches out, becomes redder the farther it travels. By measuring how stretched these telltale signatures are, astronomers can deduce how far the light must have traveled, thus giving away the target galaxy’s distance.
(Upper) The arrow points to the most distant galaxy in the universe. (Lower) Carbon emission lines observed in infrared. When it left the galaxy, the signal was ultraviolet light in the region of 0.2 micrometer, but it was redshifted and stretched to over 10 times that to about 2.28 micrometers. Credit: Kashikawa et al.
Kashikawa said,“We looked at ultraviolet light specifically, as that is the area of the electromagnetic spectrum we expected to find the redshifted chemical signatures. The Hubble Space Telescope detected the signature multiple times in the spectrum of GN-z11. However, even the Hubble cannot resolve ultraviolet emission lines to the degree we needed. So we turned to a more up-to-date ground-based spectrograph, an instrument to measure emission lines, called MOSFIRE, which is mounted to the Keck I telescope in Hawaii.”
The emissions from GN-z11 were captured in detail using MOSFIRE. This allowed them to make a much better estimation of its distance than was possible from previous data. When working with distances at these scales, it is not sensible to use our familiar units of kilometers or even multiples of them; instead, astronomers use a value known as the redshift number denoted by z.
Astronomers improved the accuracy of the galaxy’s z value by a factor of 100. If subsequent observations can confirm this, then the astronomers can confidently say GN-z11 is the farthest galaxy ever detected in the universe.
Journal Reference:
Linhua Jiang et al, Evidence for GN-z11 as a luminous galaxy at redshift 10.957, Nature Astronomy (2020). DOI: 10.1038/s41550-020-01275-y
The Main Purpose Of The Apollo-20 Was An Investigation Of The Mysterious Places In Delporte Craters?
The Main Purpose Of The Apollo-20 Was An Investigation Of The Mysterious Places In Delporte Craters?
During the Cold War, which lasted for decades, the Western and Eastern blocs were overtaking everything they could. Whether it was in propaganda, military power, military spending, or technology. As is often said, during the war, the development of technology is sharply upward, as evidenced, for example, by Nazi death squads V1 or the development of tanks during the First World War. During the cold, the race for the extraction of the universe began, thanks to which the technology went up again sharply. As we know, the first man in the universe was Yuri Gagarin of the USSR and the first visitor to the surface of the Moon, Neil Armstrong. New spaces in space bring with them new mysteries.
After the first landing on the moon surface, missions like Apollo 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and the last flight to the Moon – Apollo 17 (hereinafter referred to as A-XY) took place. However, according to the conspirators, flights like A-18 and 20 were also made, while A-18 was filmed and we have been reviewing it for a long time, but now we can not deal with it. But let’s look at the A-20 mission.
It all began when July 26, 1971, launched Earth A-15, which recorded a monster object reminding the alien ship for the month. After the next years, the A-20 was designed to explore three kilometers long and five-meter tall ships. A few decades later, specifically in 2007, strange videos that „flooded“ YouTube began to spread. On them were short films from the astronauts (from the alleged Soviet-American crew) who shot the landings, the interior of the ship (in which a figure of a woman called „Mona Lisa“ lying), a flight around the ship, and also the views of the alien small town. Videos at first glance look really mysterious and real. A huge extraterrestrial ship and still the remains of an extraterrestrial race somewhere in the month? The conspiracy sites have immediately grabbed this topic.
A 76-year-old man living in Rwanda, Africa, said that the mission was launched on August 16, 1975, and was aimed at ISZAK D at Delporte Craters. This man is called William Rutledge (he changed his identity, resided, moved to the African state) and claimed to have been a member of the secret crew. They were supposed to be a complete Captain Dr. William Rutledge, Dr. Leona Snyder and the Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, who was the first man in the open universe. The aforementioned William was supposed to add videos to YT under the name Retiredafb, but later, almost all of the videos in the account were deleted, and today we find only one wretched movie. Later, he started to release videos, but this time he called ValValientThor (also a mysterious concept that we will be discussing later).
ELON MUSK WILL RUN INTO TROUBLE SETTING UP A MARTIAN GOVERNMENT, LAWYERS SAY
ELON MUSK WILL RUN INTO TROUBLE SETTING UP A MARTIAN GOVERNMENT, LAWYERS SAY
SPACEX
VICTOR TANGERMANN
SpaceX CEO Elon Musk is steadfast in realizing his dreams of establishing a permanent colony on Mars, but any new government there will face immense legal challenges.
We got an early glimpse of what such a future society could look like, buried deep inside the user agreement for SpaceX’s Starlink satellite internet service.
“For services provided on Mars, or in transit to Mars via Starship or other colonization spacecraft, the parties recognize Mars as a free planet and that no Earth-based government has authority or sovereignty over Martian activities,” the terms of service read. “Accordingly, disputes will be settled through self-governing principles, established in good faith, at the time of Martian settlement.”
Musk has previously pondered what such a government could look like. During SXSW 2018, Musk told audiences that “most likely, the form of government on Mars would be something of a direct democracy… where people vote directly on issues instead of going through representative government.”
Lawyers, however, have their doubts about SpaceX’s abilities to set up a Martian state. In fact, several told The Independent in a new story, what SpaceX has laid out in its Starlink user agreement isn’t radically different from space treaties that have been signed over the years.
“The whole of space law contemplates that those of us on this planet share the rights and responsibility to make space something we can all share together,” Randy Segal, of the law firm Hogan Lovells, told the newspaper.
For instance, the 2020 Artemis accords stipulate that “outer space is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means.”
Musk may be taking baby steps toward nationbuilding already, Segal said.
“He could be trying to lay some groundwork for offering up an independent constitution… just like he did for electric cars and reusable launch vehicles,” Segal told The Independent. “Does it have any precedent or enforceability? The answer I’d say is clearly no; but if you say something enough, people might come around.”
Frans Von der Dunk, a space law expert at Nebraska College of Law, brought the question down to Earth by pointing out that it would probably be many years before anybody even gets to Mars, nevermind considers setting up a government there.
“I have to defer to the true scientists here, some of which might claim 10 years, others more like a century or more,” der Dunk told The Independent. “I would probably position myself somewhere safely in the middle.”
The European Extremely Large Telescope Just Got a 10% Budget Boost, Now Costing $1.5 Billion
The European Extremely Large Telescope Just Got a 10% Budget Boost, Now Costing $1.5 Billion
Funding is an extremely important aspect of any large-scale science project. The whims of financial controllers can greatly expand or completely sink the efforts of hundred or thousands of other workers. Many times, funding announcements for large scientific projects focus on cuts or “cost-savings” which hobble the eventual end system they are trying to build. But recently the European Southern Observatory (ESO) announced it had actually increased the budget for the under-construction Extremely Large Telescope(ELT) by 10%.
The total cost of the project has now reached €1.3 billion ($1.59 USD). Originally approved and funded in 2012, construction of the actual observatory started in 2014 at ESO’s Paranal Observatory in Chile. The construction relies on a consortium of contractors, both from the ESO’s funding nations as well as Chile itself. In fact, 80% of the budget from the project goes directly to those contractors.
Artist’s conception of the completed ELT. Credit: Swinburne Astronomy Productions / ESO
It has been a bumpy road for those contractors though, as the original funding for the projects had a two phase approach. The first “Phase I” part of the project would result in a fully function ELT, though it would be significantly less functional than originally envisioned. A second phase, with its own pot of money, would then be used to bring the telescopes up to the specification that was originally laid out for it.
More recently, the ELT underwent what ESO calls a “total cost exercise”, which monitors the project to ensure that it is living up to expectations. As part of this exercise, the ESO Council (the organization’s funding body) approved a 10% project budget increase that will achieve the goals originally laid out in Phase II of the plan. These improvements include atmospheric monitoring equipment, more laser guided star trackers, and a whole new technical outbuilding in nearby Armazones.
Construction site for the ESO’s Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) in the remote Chilean Atacama Desert. Credit: G. Hüdepohl/ESO
One thing the increased budget did not seem to affect was the timeline. Barring any major technical hiccups or budgetary disasters, the ELT is still on track to receive its first light sometime in 2025.
On blind dates, we search for others that resemble us, at least at some level. This is true in our personal life but even more so on the galactic dating scene, where we have been seeking a companion civilization for a while without success. While developing our own radio and laser communication over the past seven decades, the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) focused on radio or laser signals from outer space—two kinds of electromagnetic “messenger” that astronomers use to study the cosmos.
Over the same period, we have been also launching probes, like Voyager 1 and 2, Pioneer 10 and 11 and the New Horizons spacecraft, towards interstellar space. These could eventually reach alien civilizations, passively announcing our existence. But in 1960, at the dawn of the space age, Ronald Bracewell noted in a Nature paper that a physical space probe could also search for technological civilizations across interstellar distances. SETI should therefore explore this technique as well—a timely notion in the era of multimessenger astronomy, ushered most recently by the detection of gravitational waves.
This sort of exploration obviously could work both ways. Thanks to data collected by the Kepler space telescope, we now know that about half of all sunlike stars host a rocky Earth-size planet in their habitable zone. Within this zone, the planet’s surface temperature can support liquid water and the chemistry of life. The famous Drake equation quantifies (with large uncertainties) the likelihood of receiving a radio signal from another civilization in our Milky Way galaxy. But it does not apply to physical probes that might arrive at our doorstep. The distinction resembles the difference between a cell phone conversation at the speed of light and the exchange of letters through surface mail.
It also suggests an addendum to the Drake equation: the number of probes in a volume of interstellar space can be expressed as the number of stars times the average number of probes produced per star, N. The nearest star system, Alpha Centauri, contains a close pair of sunlike stars (A and B) bound to a more distant dwarf star (C). This triple star system is about four light years away—but the nearest probe could be much closer—at a distance that is smaller by a factor of (3N)1/3. In fact, this probe would be within the Earth-sun separation if civilizations produce on average a quadrillion (N~1015) probes per star over their lifetime.
If each probe weighs a gram, similar to what has been proposed by the Breakthrough Starshot initiative, then the total mass of a quadrillion probes would be comparable to the weight of a kilometer-size asteroid—completely negligible in the planetary mass budget. Such a meteor strikes the Earth every half a million years, and its size is smaller by a factor of several tens than the Chicxulub K/Pg impactor that killed the dinosaurs about 66 million years ago. Clearly, the actual number of interstellar probes would depend on the abundance and lifetime of technological civilizations per star, as well as the weight of each probe and the sophistication of its production technology.
My forthcoming book, titled Extraterrestrial, tells the story of the discovery of `Oumuamua, meaning “scout” in the Hawaiian language, by the Pan-STARRS facility in Hawaii on October 2017. As the first interstellar object detected near Earth from outside the solar system, it looked weird, unlike any comet or asteroid seen before within the solar system. The book details the unusual properties of `Oumuamua: it had a flattened shape with extreme proportions—never seen before among comets or asteroids, as well as an unusual initial velocity and a shiny appearance. It also lacked a cometary tail, but nevertheless exhibited a push away from the sun in excess of the solar gravitational force.
As a regular comet, `Oumuamua would have had to lose about a tenth of its mass in order to experience the excess push by the rocket effect. Instead, `Oumuamua showed no carbon-based molecules along its trail, nor jitter or change in its spin period—as expected from cometary jets. The excess force could be explained if `Oumuamua was pushed by the pressure of sunlight; that is, if it is an artificially-made lightsail—a thin relic of the promising technology for space exploration that was proposed as early as 1924 by Friedrich Zander and is currently being developed by our civilization. This possibility would imply that `Oumuamua could be a message in a bottle.
In September 2020, another unusual “asteroid” was discovered by-Pan STARRS, showing an excess push by sunlight without a cometary tail. This object, labeled by the astronomical name 2020 SO, was not unbound like `Oumuamua but instead on an Earthlike orbit around the sun. After integrating its orbit back in time, it was found that 2020 SO is a stray rocket booster, left over from a crash of the Surveyor 2 lunar lander on the surface of the Moon in 1966.
Nevertheless, its discovery lends credibility to the notion that thin artificial objects with a large surface-to-mass ratio can be distinguished from natural objects based on their excess push away from the sun without a cometary tail. There is no way that `Oumuamua could have originated from our planet based on its high local speed, its large size and the inclination of its trajectory. Another way to put it is that `Oumuamua spent a fraction of a year within the orbit of the Earth around the sun, and we know of no human-made object that was propelled to its trajectory over the year preceding its discovery.
When taking a vacation near a beach, I enjoy studying natural seashells, but on rare occasions I encounter an artificially made plastic bottle. Similarly, astronomers regularly spot naturally made rocks when monitoring comets or asteroids from the solar system, but perhaps `Oumuamua represents our first encounter with a plastic bottle, manufactured by an advanced technological civilization. Lightsails can be designed to weigh a gram per tens of meters squared of surface area, comparable to the area of `Oumuamua.
Interstellar probes could also maneuver to preferred trajectories that are not drawn from a random distribution. In particular, it is beneficial to bring them to rest relative to the star they intend to probe. In that case, the gravitational attraction by the star will pull them straight towards it. The focusing of their trajectories will enhance their density in the vicinity of the star, allowing more of them to travel through the habitable zone and spy for any technological signatures there. In the outer envelope of the solar system, such slow-moving probes would be hidden among the numerous icy rocks of the Oort cloud, that are loosely bound to the sun halfway to Alpha Centauri.
If the senders of the probes prefer to remain anonymous, they might choose to deposit them in the galactic parking lot, the so-called local standard of rest, which averages over the random motions of all stars in the vicinity of the sun. In this neutral frame of reference, it is not possible to identify where they came from. Surprisingly, `Oumuamua started in that frame before entering the solar system.
The data we gathered on `Oumuamua are incomplete. To learn more, we must continue to monitor the sky for similar objects. The realization that we are not alone will have dramatic implications for our goals on Earth and our aspirations for space. When reading the news every morning, I cannot help but wonder whether we are “the sharpest cookies in the jar.” Are there extraterrestrials smarter than us in the Milky Way? The only way to find out is by surveying the sky for the multitude of messengers that they might be using.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR(S)
Avi Loeb
Avi Loeb is former chair (2011-2020) of the astronomy department at Harvard University, founding director of Harvard's Black Hole Initiative and director of the Institute for Theory and Computation at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. He also chairs the Board on Physics and Astronomy of the National Academies and the advisory board for the Breakthrough Starshot project, and is a member of President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. Loeb is the author of Extraterrestrial: The First Sign of Intelligent Life Beyond Earth forthcoming from Houghton Mifflin Harcourt in January 2021.
The off-the-grid shelters offer 111 square feet of living space and cost $17,500 per pod.
All images courtesy of Jupe
“Jupe is an off-grid escape from the city, whether to the middle of a sprawling desert, a windswept cliff by the sea or your own backyard,” the startup’s official website reads. “Units are easy to assemble anywhere and WiFi-enabled, providing equal connection to the natural and digital world.”
“Experiencing the natural wonders of the world shouldn’t mean being forced to disconnect while staying in a less-than-inspirational living space,” CEO Jeff Wilson said in a press release. “During these times when most of us are craving a true escape, Jupe provides an experience perfectly suited for socially distanced travel.”
Monolith Excitement
According to Jupe’s site, the aluminum-reinforced pods can fit a Queen-sized bed, end tables, a desk and chair — and an “average-sized monolith,” for some reason.
“We turned to ideas that inspired and excited us,” Wilson said. “Remember that monolith from ‘2001: A Space Odyssey’? It last sent signals to Jupiter from the moon. It seems that a few of those blueprints were bounced back to Earth. We intercepted them and created Jupe.”
If you’re wiling to spend a little more, you can deck out your Jupe with smart speakers, a locking safe, and even solar panels for the full off-the-grid experience.
Jupes can be pre-ordered for a refundable $99 deposit.
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Jupe is made of interconnected aluminium masts that provide support for the geometric shape that’s designed to be reminiscent of an “interstellar shuttle.”
Sam Gezari
Jupe urban escape pod.
The sides are made of fire-resistant canvas, while the floor is wood tiling.
Sam Gezari
Jupe urban escape pod.
Jupe designers said that the structure was designed as “a work of art rather than a simple dwelling.”
Sam Gezari
Jupe urban escape pod.
Though it’s only 111 square feet inside, Jupe feels surprisingly roomy, with 11 foot-tall ceilings. There’s enough room for a queen-size bed, a desk, chair, and ottoman.
Sam Gezari
Jupe urban escape pod.
The floor also opens up into storage cubes, totaling more than 38 cubic feet of storage space.
Sam Gezari
Jupe urban escape pod.
The front window can open into a large panorama to take in views.
Jeff Wilson
Jupe urban escape pod.
Each unit comes with solar panels, a 200 Ah battery system, and WiFi router, with the option to add on dimmable LED lighting and a Sonos speaker with Alexa.
Sam Gezari
Jupe urban escape pod.
The Jupe can be flat-packed down onto the base frame for easy transportation.
Sam Gezari
Jupe urban escape pod.
It can be reassembled anywhere, even off the grid, thanks to solar power and batteries.
The year was 1979, and a man by the name of Robert Taylor was a forestry worker for the Livingston Development Corporation, in Livingston, West Lothian, Scotland. He was a respected war hero, was known as a good, honest worker, and was not prone to spinning wild yarns or getting into trouble, so when on November 8, 1979 he stumbled back from a trip to a hill called Dechmont Law looking disheveled, with cuts on his face, torn clothes, and looking somewhat the worse for wear, people were very concerned. When the visibly shaken man had gotten his head together, he would begin spinning a spectacular tale of bizarreness that has gone on to become a well-known and much discussed piece of UFO lore.
According to Taylor, he had gone out with his dog to do a routine check on the fences, gates, and a sampling project going on in the area. Since there were no direct roads to the remote location, he parked his truck on the nearby M8 expressway and he and the dog made their way into the woods of Dechmont Law on foot. As they progressed through the forest, Taylor says he was startled to see the startling sight of a dark grey metallic “flying dome” around 20 feet in diameter and 30 feet high hovering in the air of a clearing just above the forest floor, apparently kept aloft by an array of “small propellers” around its outer rim. As he looked on in wonder at this bizarre sight, he would claim that the air was pervaded by a smell like “burning brakes.” Very strange indeed, but it was about to get even stranger still.
Taylor claimed that before he had even had time to really process the sheer bizarreness of what he was witnessing, two small spheres detached from the larger craft, which were described as having protrusions and nodules all over them and as looking like “sea mines,” and which started rapidly rolling along the ground to approach the frightened man as they issued a “plopping, sucking sound.” These mysterious spheres reportedly then “grabbed” him with sets of protruding spikes and began pulling him towards the large dome as he struggled against them. He would claim that he believed they had been emanating some sort of toxic gas, as the acidic smell of burning rubber got unbearable and he felt the strength leaving his limbs. The whole time his dog was barking ferociously at the objects.
At this point Taylor apparently lost consciousness, and when he awoke he was lying face down in the clearing, which was now empty and with no sign of the otherworldly dome or its malevolent spheres. He found that his clothes had been shredded and that he had cuts and abrasions on his face and body, whether due to his struggle with the spheres or inflicted directly on him he did not know. Taylor had then made his way back to his truck, but was unable to start it, the engine completely dead, and so had stumbled all the way home on foot. Whatever those objects had done to him was still in his system at the time, because he did not seem to have full control of his body and had trouble speaking. When he came staggering to his home in this rambling, dazed, barely coherent state his wife immediately called the police and an investigation would ensue.
Police at first treated this as a common assault, and wrote up Taylor’s mutterings of UFOs and spiked killer spheres as just the rantings of his stressed mind, but they nevertheless went to the scene to investigate and see if they could get some information about the perpetrator. The area where the dome had allegedly appeared was found to have flattened grass, and to contain 32 anomalous holes in the ground, which were about 3.5 inches in diameter each and formed a strange semi-circular pattern, as well as ladder-like marks that looked like the treads of a bulldozer, which were confined to just the clearing and did not come from or lead to anywhere. Authorities tried to find out what could have made the marks by contacting the Livingston Development Corporation, and one investigator would say of this:
After examining every piece of machinery they had up there, we did not find anything to match. These marks just arrived. They did not come from anywhere or go anywhere. They just arrived as though a helicopter or something had landed from the sky. An object of several tons had stood there but there was nothing to show that it had been driven or towed away. There appeared to be no rational explanation for these marks.
Robert Taylor in the clearing
In the meantime, Taylor’s ripped clothing was examined by forensics experts, who came to the conclusion that they had been torn by something hooking into them and pulling sharply upward, which when taken with the tread marks made the story of domes and spiked discs sounding less and less far fetched by the minute. Police would ultimately log the incident officially as an assault, but there was nothing more they could do except ponder the strange clues surrounding it all. For his part, Taylor would adamantly insist that his story was true all the way up to his death in 2007, and considering what an upstanding citizen he was many people believed him. What has come to be known as the Robert Taylor Incident, Livingston Incident, or Dechmont Woods Encounter, has since gone on to become a much discussed and highly regarded possibly genuine UFO incident, and UFO researcher and author Malcolm Robinson has said of it:
This case stands head and shoulders above any other Scottish case and has the prestigious hallmark of being the only case officially investigated by the police and forensic science laboratories in Great Britain. Most, if not all, British UFO researchers would say that this one case provides the best evidence that something, not of this Earth, occurred in that lonely wood and which today, stands the test of time as being one of the biggest UFO cases in the annals of British UFOlogy.
Of course there are skeptics of the whole thing, and other possibilities have been offered above and beyond that Taylor was attacked by aliens. For instance the strange markings in the ground have been speculated to have been left by the water company that had been laying a cable duct through the area and had been storing a large collection of PVC pipes near the clearing. Taylor’s story of the dome, the spheres, and the physical effects he experienced have been suggested as being the result of him suffering an isolated attack of temporal lobe epilepsy, which can cause the physical symptoms described and cause hallucinations, which could have all been exacerbated by a case of meningitis Taylor had struggled with not long before the ordeal. It could have also been that he had mistaken a nearby water tower for being an alien craft in this disoriented state. Other theories are that he had consumed hallucinogenic berries, that he had suffered a stroke, that he had seen a mirage of the planet Venus, or simply that he just made the whole thing up. There has never been any definitive answer, and considering that the sole witness has passed away we will probably never know for sure, but the legacy of this case lingers on today and probably will for some time to come.
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Are there other intelligent lifeforms in the universe besides humans capable of founding a civilization? That’s the million-dollar question that people of all walks of life have, to their best of their ability, attempt to answer. There are many theories that attempt to explain the utter lack of, well, alien signals. For instance, one new study concludes that intelligent life may have appeared several times in the Milky Way, however, the vast majority of these civilizations have wiped themselves out already.
Ever since people first realized we are all living on a giant rock orbiting one of many stars, a heartbreaking thought must have crept the mind: we’re not that special after all. But since there are countless stars in the Milky Way, and countless galaxies in the universe, there must be other civilizations out there. This thought comes as a consolation, so we might not be the only ones drifting through the frightening darkness of outer space.
But if it’s true that we’re not that special after all, where is everybody else? Enrico Fermi, the creator of the world’s first nuclear reactor, thought about this long and hard, and his correspondence with fellow scientists on the subject has remained known in history as the ‘Fermi Paradox’ — the notion that there is a virtually limitless number of stars, but nevertheless you don’t see any life floating around besides us. Where is everybody?
It’s believed there are between 100 and 400 billion planets in the Milky Way. Considering intelligent life appeared on one, it’s reasonable to consider there should be at least some other kind of intelligent life elsewhere in the galaxy.
Millions of years of technological progress mean that an intelligent species should have the capability to travel to distant stars and even other galaxies. Just look at how our world has changed in the past 100 years alone.
According to mathematicians Duncan Forgan and Arwen Nicholson from Edinburgh University, self-replicating spacecraft traveling at one-tenth of the speed of light — admittedly a quick speed — could traverse the entire Milky Way in a mere 10 million years. This means that civilization could potentially colonize the whole galaxy in a mere couple of millions of years. Except it didn’t happen.
Then there’s the Drake equation, first proposed in 1961 by American astronomer and astrophysicist Frank Drake, which describes the variables involved in fostering intelligent life. This equation estimates the number “N” of civilizations in the Milky Way based on variables such as the rate of star formation, the number of planets in solar systems that may support life, or the necessary technological prowess to signal a civilization’s existence.
Drake’s equation was made famous by the late Carl Sagan, who featured it during an episode of his timeless series Cosmos. But since Sagan first talked about Drake’s equation, much has changed. Thanks to observations by the Kepler telescope, we now have a much firmer grasp of how many Earth-like worlds may be out there.
In a new study, researchers affiliated with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Caltech, as well as a high school student, have updated Drake’s equation with all the new things scientists have learned in the past decades, including the prevalence of sun-like stars harboring Earth-like planets or the frequency of supernovas that are unfriendly to life.
When they modeled the evolution of the Milky Way, the researchers found that life was most likely to emerge around 13,000 light-years from the galactic centers, where there is the greatest density of sun-like stars. The optimal time frame for the development of alien civilizations was also estimated at 8 billion years after the formation of the galaxy. For comparison, Earth is about 25,000 light-years from the galactic core and complex intelligent life evolved around 13.5 billion years after the Milky Way formed.
Earth is actually located outside the Milky Way’s hotspot of words likely to foster civilizations. Credit: Cai et al./arXiv.
In other words, this study suggests that there are other regions of the Milky way where life is more likely to appear than in our corner of the galaxy. What’s more, other civilizations might have had a five billion-year headstart. The problem is they may have had a headstart for their self-annihilation.
According to the researchers, most civilizations that have appeared before us have likely self-annihilated. Other civilizations that are still active in the galaxy are likely young, due to the propensity of intelligent life to eradicate itself. Over a long-enough timeframe, the probability of self-annihilation borders on certainty.
“As we cannot assume a low probability of annihilation, it is possible that intelligent life elsewhere in the Galaxy is still too young to be observed by us. Therefore, our findings can imply that intelligent life may be common in the Galaxy but is still young, supporting the optimistic aspect for the practice of SETI (search for extraterrestrial intelligence),” the authors wrote in their study that appeared in the pre-print serverarXiv.
“Our results also suggest that our location on Earth is not within the region where most intelligent life is settled, and SETI practices need to be closer to the inner Galaxy, preferably at the annulus 4 kpc (kiloparsec) from the Galactic Center.”
The search for alien life is nowhere settled, though. The study’s biggest limitation is its sample size of confirmed civilizations: just one. Humans are biased to think that other civilizations might behave just like us. As such, these inherent biases may cloud our judgment, believing that other civilizations might also nuke themselves out of existence.
Was watching the live cam and noticed two small black objects in the distance below. The objects were matching speed with the space station and there were two of them. At first I thought it could be the ISS shadow...but there are two of them! So I ruled that out. Something is keeping a close eye on the space station. The UFOs speed is equal to the space stations. This is 100% proof that aliens are keeping a close eye on humanity. We shouldn't call them aliens, we should call them watchers.
Was watching the live cam and noticed two small black objects in the distance below. The objects were matching speed with the space station and there were two of them. At first I thought it could be the ISS shadow...but there are two of them! So I ruled that out. Something is keeping a close eye on the space station. The UFOs speed is equal to the space stations. This is 100% proof that aliens are keeping a close eye on humanity. We shouldn't call them aliens, we should call them watchers.
Three UFOs Near Rocket Launch Then Explosion Over Suzhou, China! Dec 26, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Three UFOs Near Rocket Launch Then Explosion Over Suzhou, China! Dec 26, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 26, 2020
Location of sighting: Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
Source: Email report
They guy said he caught sight of something strange over Suzhou, China yesterday. He said it may be a rocket launch, but seemed more like a failed rocket launch. However in the video I can see at 16 seconds into it...there are three glowing objects in the path ahead of the rocket...at 18 seconds...one of them actually comes so close that it may have hit the rocket...at 45 seconds into it...an explosion occurs. It looks like aliens did not approve of the payload aboard this top secret rocket launch in China and the aliens destroyed it. 100% proof that aliens not only watch over us, but watch out for us and keep us safe.
AMAZING! Cigar-shaped UFO filmed over Andes (Chile)
AMAZING! Cigar-shaped UFO filmed over Andes (Chile)
This really interesting UFO video was filmed from a plane that was flying over Andes in Chile on 11th November 2020.
Witness report: (Google translate from Spanish)
I present my case, my name is Rodrigo from Chile, on 11/11/2020 on the sky flight H272 from Puerto Montt to Santiago (departure 18:36, arrival 20:14 hours). Approximately arriving in Santiago at 8:00 p.m., I was looking at the landscape (Andes mountain range) the only “cloud” (dark and fat, in the shape of a worm) catches my attention, “rain cloud” style, above the peak of the Montana. From my window at an angle of about 65 degrees. As the plane was in parallel with the “cloud”, I noticed that it began to be “clearer” (I thought it was “something” normal of the winds and altitude) and it was there that at the right point of the cloud, it made a ” small flash of white light “that caught my attention and amazement (in a matter of second), I couldn’t believe what I was seeing, I was stunned, when I turned around and saw inside the cabin if someone was looking at the same thing as me, the person closest to me, I was in an intermediate seat to mine (Mrs. Older) sleeping with masks (I also had the mask on), when trying to take my cell phone that was locked and is unlocked with facial recognition, I lost valuable seconds when using alphanumeric unlock. After enabling the cell phone, I focus on the “cloud” to take a photo and then a video. As can be seen in the photo “it was no longer a rain cloud”, but it took the form of something solid and clearer. After the first photo, go to video in slow motion format (effect that was used when making videos to my daughter), where “you can see that it is no longer a cloud” but a “solid disk” (it passed all its metamorphosis) It was impressive to see the “UFO” (calmly in my house and thanks to google map, look for the reference hill, when measuring, it showed me that the UFO was approximately 6 kilometers long). Video 1 and Video 2 (use of filter on video) When the plane moves away from the UFO, at first glance it gives a visual effect of fading on the horizon, it may be an optical effect, but when occupying filters in the video the UFO was still but getting smaller …), at that moment the plane makes a U-turn preparing the landing, at that moment I thought I had already lost sight of the UFO, and to my surprise I see it again at another point of the Andes mountain range, on the horizon, where I take my cell phone , I unlock it for the last photo and video of the UFO …
The former head of the Central Intelligence Agency said recently it’s “presumptuous and arrogant” to believe that there are no other forms of life than the ones on Earth.
“I think some of the phenomena we’re going to be seeing continues to be unexplained and might, in fact, be some type of phenomenon that is the result of something that we don’t yet understand and that could involve some type of activity that some might say constitutes a different form of life,” ex-CIA Director John Brennan said on the podcast “Conversations with Tyler.”
“It’s a bit presumptuous and arrogant for us to believe that there’s no other form of life anywhere in the entire universe,” Brennan added, according to the transcript of the Dec. 16 podcast.
Brennan commented on the videos, calling them “quite eyebrow-raising.”
“You try to ensure that you have as much data as possible in terms of visuals and also different types of maybe technical collection of sensors that you have at the time,” he added.
“I think an important thing for analysts to do is not to go into this type of challenge either discounting certain types of possibilities or believing in advance that it is likely X, Y, or Z. You really have to approach it with an open mind, but get as much data as possible and get as much expertise as possible brought to bear.”
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Brits thought UFOs were festive ghosts of WWI soldiers, police detective claims
Brits thought UFOs were festive ghosts of WWI soldiers, police detective claims
Richard Rokeby claims mysterious lights that started appearing near Burton Dassett, Warwickshire, in December 1922 were UFOs mistaken as the festive ghosts of World War One soldiers
Mysterious lights believed to be the festive ghosts of World War One soldiers were in fact aliens, a police detective has claimed.
Mysterious lights believed to be the festive ghosts of World War One soldiers were in fact aliens, a police detective has claimed.
The sightings were attributed to a natural phenomenon known as marsh gas or Will O' the Wisps by a local newspaper.
But amateur UFO researcher Richard Rokeby has penned a book, The Lights Upon The Hills, where he claims the witness accounts show they were actually ETs.
The married dad-of-three wrote: "Following the First World War desperate families wanted to believe that there is a hope of communicating with their lost sons again.
"Therefore, it would be natural at this time to assign any strange phenomena to ghosts and spirits.
"But as we will see if we look at these events through modern eyes, it is very clear that what they are witnessing is an historic Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon event."
Mysterious lights believed to be the festive ghosts of World War One soldiers were in fact aliens, according to new research(Image: Getty Images/iStockphoto)
He told of how several sightings of "multi-coloured" lights moving at speed were reported by the Banbury Guardian in February 1923.
And insisted the paper's explanation was not "credible" as the lights reportedly spooked horses and exerted "downward pressure".
The author wrote: "What we have here is multiple witnesses saying that they saw strange lights in the sky and above the ground moving in ways that modern aircraft find very difficult to do today.
Richard Rokeby says it's understandable that villagers thought they were seeing ghosts in 1922(Image: Universal Images Group via Getty Images)
"I firmly believed that what was actually being witnessed here was a mass Unidentified Flying Object ( UFO) or Unexplained Aerial Phenomena (UAP) event.
"Therefore, over the course of this book I hope to show that what was seen in the winter of 1922-23 was not ghosts or marsh gas, but was in fact a well documented, multi-witnessed, extraterrestrial encounter and that these encounters may have been happening for hundreds years, are still happening today and perhaps a large event is going to occur there again and very soon!"
Top British flying saucer investigator Philip Mantle has published the former Army man's book on the Flying Disk Press.
Philip said: "The story of these sightings in 1923 is so unique that I simply had to publish it.
"I personally have been involved in UFO research for over 40 years and it never ceases to amaze me, especially when cases like this land on my desk.
"I am already in discussion with colleagues overseas to see if we can publish Richard's work in French, Spanish and German."
Planetary Researchers Create Map of Early Mars’ River Systems
Planetary Researchers Create Map of Early Mars’ River Systems
Using data from the Context Camera aboard NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, planetary researchers have generated an 8-trillion-pixel global map of Mars and performed the first systematic global survey of Martian fluvial (river) ridges.
This image shows a suite of fluvial ridges on Mars (at –67.64 °E, 43.37 °S).
Image credit: J. Dickson.
Mars used to be a wet world, as evidenced by rock records of lakes, rivers, and glaciers.
The Martian river ridges were formed between 4 and 3 billion years ago (the Noachian to Hesperian period), when large rivers deposited sediments in their channels, rather than only having the water cut away at the surface.
Over time, sediment built up in the channels; once the water dried up, those ridges were all that was left of some rivers.
The ridges are present only in the southern hemisphere, where some of Mars’ oldest and most rugged terrain is, but this pattern is likely a preservation artifact.
“These ridges probably used to be all over the entire planet, but subsequent processes have buried them or eroded them away,” said lead author Dr. Jay Dickson, a researcher in the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences at Caltech.
“The northern hemisphere is very smooth because it’s been resurfaced, primarily by lava flows.”
“Additionally, the southern highlands are some of the flattest surfaces in the Solar System,” said co-author Dr. Woodward Fischer, also from the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences at Caltech.
“That exceptional flatness made for good sedimentary deposition, allowing the creation of the records being studied today.”
The new map allows planetary researchers to explore questions at global scales, rather than being limited to patchier, localized studies and extrapolating results to the whole hemisphere.
In addition to identifying 18 new fluvial ridges, using the map allowed the team to re-examine features that had previously been identified as fluvial ridges. Upon closer inspection, some weren’t formed by rivers after all, but rather lava flows or glaciers.
“If you only see a small part of a ridge, you might have an idea of how it formed,” Dr. Dickson said.
“But then you see it in a larger context — like, oh, it’s the flank of a volcano, it’s a lava flow.”
“So now we can more confidently determine which are fluvial ridges, versus ridges formed by other processes.”
“Now that we have a global understanding of the distribution of ancient rivers on Mars, future explorations — whether by rover or by astronauts — could use these rock records to investigate what past climates and tectonics were like.”
“One of the biggest breakthroughs in the last twenty years is the recognition that Mars has a sedimentary record, which means we’re not limited to studying the planet today,” Dr. Fischer said.
“We can ask questions about its history.”
“And in doing so, he says, we learn not only about a single planet’s past, but also find truths about how planets evolved… and why the Earth is habitable.”
The team’s results are published in the journal Geology.
J.L. Dickson et al. The global distribution of depositional rivers on early Mars. Geology, published online December 21, 2020; doi: 10.1130/G48457.1
Massive Tsunami Hit the Neolithic Middle East 9,000+ Years Ago
Massive Tsunami Hit the Neolithic Middle East 9,000+ Years Ago
Study may explain why previous archaeological surveys have found no evidence until the Late Neolithic for low-lying coastal villages at Tel Dor, Israel
The small bays of Israel’s Tel Dor.
Image courtesy of University of Haifa-UC San Diego Carmel Coast Marine Archaeology Expedition.
This wasn’t Noah’s flood. But it was still a catastrophic event that profoundly changed the landscape and could have given rise to legends, too. According to a new study from an international team of researchers, a massive tsunami swept over the coastline near Tel Dor, Israel, sometime between 9,910 and 9,290 years ago.
The date makes it the oldest known paleo tsunami in the Eastern Mediterranean.
Published in the open-access journal PLOS ONE, the paper is by Gilad Shtienberg, Richard Norris and Thomas Levy from the University of California San Diego, with colleagues from Utah State University and the University of Haifa. It is part of an ongoing, long-term project between UC San Diego’s Scripps Center for Marine Archaeology (SCMA) and Haifa’s Leon Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies, directed by paper co-author Assaf Yasur-Landau, to investigate how humans have, over the past 12 millennia, adapted to climate and environmental change along Israel’s Carmel Coast.
Taking a sediment core from South Bay, Tel Dor, Israel.
Photo by T. E. Levy.
The researchers discovered evidence for the tsunami by cutting open sediment cores from their coastal study area at the South Bay of Tel Dor. In these samples, they found an abrupt layer of seashells and sand, dated to between 9,910 and 9,290 years ago, in the middle wetland layers deposited 15,000 to 7,800 years ago. The only way that this marine material could have arrived so far inland, or what would have been inland at that time, the authors determined, was through a destructive wave.
They estimate that the wave capable of doing this would have traveled inland between 1.5 to 3.5 kilometers (about 1 to 2 miles) and would have been between 16 and 40 meters (52 to 130 feet) high at the coast.
Tsunamis are not uncommon in the eastern Mediterranean; historical records and geographic data suggest that a tsunami has been occurring about once per century over the past 6,000 years. For comparison, however, previously documented tsunami events have traveled inland only around 300 meters (or about 1,000 feet). In other words, this Neolithic event was significant. The authors suspect a strong earthquake on the Dead Sea Fault System was followed by an underwater landslide.
Gilad Shtienberg identifies tsunami deposit in sediment core from Tel Dor.
Photo by T. E. Levy.
If there was a village at the site, this tsunami would have devastated it – and destroyed crop lands, pastures and herds, as well as near-shore marine fisheries and resources.
This event, which occurred during the Early to Middle Neolithic cultural periods of the region, might explain why previous archaeological surveys have found no evidence for low-lying coastal villages in that particular area until the late Neolithic, the researchers said. The evidence for earlier settlement may have been wiped out.
“We can’t know for sure why people weren’t living there, in a place otherwise abundant with evidence of early human habitation and the beginnings of village life in the Holy Land,” said Levy, the paper’s senior author, co-director of UC San Diego’s SCMA and an archaeology professor in the university’s Department of Anthropology. “Was the environment too altered to support life? Was the tsunami part of their cultural knowledge – did they tell stories of this destructive event and stay away? We can only imagine.”
By the Late or Pottery Neolithic period, however, archaeological sites along the coast begin to reappear – and coincide with the resumption of wetland deposition in the core samples from Dor, indicating resettlement and highlighting, Levy said, people’s resilience in the face of massive disruption.
One of those rare Pottery Neolithic submerged sites was excavated at the South Bay of Tel Dor by Assaf Yasur-Landau and Levy’s joint University of Haifa-UC San Diego team as part of the PLOS ONE paper.
To conduct their analysis, the authors of this paper used photogrammetric remote sensing techniques to create a digital model of their study area at Tel Dor, combined with underwater excavation and terrestrial borehole drilling. The dating was locked down using a relatively new radiometric dating technique called Optical Stimulated Luminescence, or OSL, in co-author Tammy Rittenour’s Luminescence Laboratory at Utah State University. OSL dates the last time quartz sediment was exposed to light.
“Our project focuses on reconstructing ancient climate and environmental change over the past 12,000 years along the Israeli coast,” said Shtienberg, the paper’s first author and a Koret postdoctoral scholar at UC San Diego’s SCMA, who is studying the sediment cores. “We never dreamed of finding evidence of a prehistoric tsunami in Israel.”
Marine shells that were transported inland by the paleo tsunami at Tel Dor, Israel.
Detail of figure by G. Shtienberg, PLOS ONE.
In the future, the researchers hope to do more geophysical research in deeper water and send divers down to test their results and perhaps find evidence of earlier settlements.
The research is supported, in part, by funding from the Koret Foundation (Grant ID 19-0295); the Murray Galinson San Diego-Israel Initiative; the Israel Institute (Washington, D.C.); Marian Scheuer-Sofaer and Abraham Sofaer Foundation; Norma and Reuben Kershaw Family Foundation; Ellen Lehman and Charles Kennel - Alan G Lehman and Jane A Lehman Foundation; Paul and Margaret Meyer and the Israel Science Foundation (Grant ID 495/18).
Archaeologists Find Evidence of Neolithic Mega-Tsunami in Israel
Archaeologists Find Evidence of Neolithic Mega-Tsunami in Israel
A catastrophic tsunami occurred sometimes between 7,910 and 7,290 BCE with an extreme 16 m (52.5 feet) wave height and 1.5-3.5 km (0.93-2.2 mile) run-up on the Carmel coast of Israel, according to new research published in the journal PLoS ONE.
The archaeological site of Tel Dor, Israel.
Image credit: Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
“Tsunami events in antiquity had a profound influence on coastal societies,” said lead author Dr. Gilad Shtienberg from the Department of Anthropology in the Scripps Center for Marine Archaeology at the University of California, San Diego, and colleagues.
“6,000 years of historical records and geological data show that tsunamis are a common phenomenon affecting the eastern Mediterranean coastline, occurring at a rate of around 8 events per century in the Aegean region over the past 2,000 years and approximately 10 per century over the past 3,000 years in the Levant basin.”
“Most of these events are small and have only local impacts.”
In the study, the researchers found a large paleo-tsunami deposit (between 9,910 to 9,290 years ago) at the archaeological site of Tel Dor in northwest Israel.
“Tel Dor, located along the Carmel coast of northwest Israel, is a maritime city-mound that has been occupied from the Middle Bronze II period (2000 to 1550 BCE) throughout the Roman period (3rd century CE) while Byzantine and Crusader remains are also found on the tel,” they said.
“The local environment of Dor is characterized by a series of unique embayments/pocket beaches that stand out from the linear morphology of the southeastern Mediterranean littoral shore face.”
To conduct their analysis, the scientists used photogrammetric remote sensing techniques to create a digital model of the Tel Dor site, combined with underwater excavation and terrestrial borehole drilling to a depth of 9 m (29.5 feet).
In their samples, they found an abrupt layer of seashells and sand, dated to between 9,910 and 9,290 years ago, in the middle wetland layers deposited 15,000 to 7,800 years ago.
They estimate that the ancient tsunami had a run-up of at least 16 m and traveled between 3.5 to 1.5 km inland from the paleo-coastline.
The near absence of Pre-Pottery Neolithic A-B archaeological sites (11,700-9,800 years ago) suggest these sites were removed by the tsunami, whereas younger, late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B-C (9,250-8,350 years ago) and later Pottery-Neolithic sites (8,250-7,800 years ago) indicate resettlement following the event.
“We can’t know for sure why people weren’t living there, in a place otherwise abundant with evidence of early human habitation and the beginnings of village life in the Holy Land,” said Professor Thomas Levy, a researcher in the Department of Anthropology and the Levant and Cyber-Archaeology Laboratory in the Scripps Center for Marine Archaeology at the University of California, San Diego.
“Was the environment too altered to support life? Was the tsunami part of their cultural knowledge — did they tell stories of this destructive event and stay away? We can only imagine.”
“Our project focuses on reconstructing ancient climate and environmental change over the past 12,000 years along the Israeli coast; and we never dreamed of finding evidence of a prehistoric tsunami in Israel,” Dr. Shtienberg said.
“Scholars know that at the beginning of the Neolithic, around 10,000 years ago, the seashore was 4 km (2.5 miles) from where it is today.”
“When we cut the cores open in San Diego and started seeing a marine shell layer embedded in the dry Neolithic landscape, we knew we hit the jackpot.”
_____
G. Shtienberg et al. 2020. A Neolithic mega-tsunami event in the eastern Mediterranean: Prehistoric settlement vulnerability along the Carmel coast, Israel. PLoS ONE 15 (12): e0243619; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243619
How future spacecraft might handle tricky landings on Venus or Europa
How future spacecraft might handle tricky landings on Venus or Europa
Fan-powered descents and nimble landing legs are just two ideas for touching down safely
If a spacecraft (like the one shown in this artist’s concept) ever touches down on Jupiter’s icy moon Europa, the craft will need to be especially agile in order to stick its landing.
The best way to know a world is to touch it. Scientists have observed the planets and moons in our solar system for centuries, and have flown spacecraft past the orbs for decades. But to really understand these worlds, researchers need to get their hands dirty — or at least a spacecraft’s landing pads.
Since the dawn of the space age, Mars and the moon have gotten almost all the lander love. Only a handful of spacecraft have landed on Venus, our other nearest neighbor world, and none have touched down on Europa, an icy moon of Jupiter thought to be one of the best places in the solar system to look for present-day life (SN: 5/2/14).
Researchers are working to change that. In several talks at the virtual American Geophysical Union meeting that ran from December 1 to December 17, planetary scientists and engineers discussed new tricks that hypothetical future spacecraft may need to land on unfamiliar terrain on Venus and Europa. The missions are still in a design phase and are not on NASA’s launch schedule, but scientists want to be prepared.
Navigating a Venusian gauntlet
Venus is a notoriously difficult world to visit (SN: 2/13/18). Its searing temperatures and crushing atmospheric pressure have destroyed every spacecraft lucky enough to reach the surface within about two hours of arrival. The last landing was over 30 years ago, despite increasing confidence among planetary scientists that Venus’ surface was once habitable (SN: 8/26/16). That possibility of past, and perhaps current, life on Venus is one reason scientists are anxious to get back (SN: 10/28/20).
In one of the proposed plans discussed at the AGU meeting, scientists have ridged, folded mountainous terrain on Venus called tessera in their sights. “Safely landing in tessera terrain is absolutely necessary to satisfy our science objectives,” said planetary scientist Joshua Knicely of the University of Alaska Fairbanks in a talk recorded for the meeting. “We have to do it.”
Knicely is part of a study led by geologist Martha Gilmore of Wesleyan University in Middletown, Conn., to design a hypothetical mission to Venus that could launch in the 2030s. The mission would include three orbiters, an aerobot to float in the clouds and a lander that could drill and analyze samples of tessera rocks. This terrain is thought to have formed where edges of continents slid over and under each other long ago, bringing new rock up to the surface in what might have been some version of plate tectonics. On Earth, this sort of resurfacing may have been important in making the planet hospitable to life (SN: 4/22/20).
Ridged, folded mountainous terrain on Venus called tessera (bright region in this false-color image from NASA’s Magellan spacecraft) might have formed through long-ago tectonic activity.JPL-CALTECH/NASA
But landing in these areas on Venus could be especially difficult. Unfortunately, the best maps of the planet — from NASA’s Magellan orbiter in the 1990s — can’t tell engineers how steep the slopes are in tessera terrain. Those maps suggest that most are less than 30 degrees, which the lander could handle with four telescoping legs. But some could be up to 60 degrees, leaving the spacecraft vulnerable to toppling over.
“We have a very poor understanding of what the surface is like,” Gilmore said in a talk recorded for the meeting. “What’s the boulder size? What’s the rock size distribution? Is it fluffy?”
So the lander will need some kind of intelligent navigation system to pick out the best places to land and steer there. But that need for steering brings up another problem: Unlike landers on Mars, a Venus lander can’t use small rocket engines to slow down as it descends.
The shape of a rocket is tailored to the density of air that it will push against. That’s why rockets that launch spacecraft from Earth have two sections: one for Earth’s atmosphere and one for the near-vacuum of space. Venus’ atmosphere changes density and pressure so quickly between space and the planet’s surface that “dropping a kilometer would go from the rocket working perfectly, to it’s going to misfire and possibly blow itself apart,” Knicely says.
Instead of rockets, the proposed lander would use fans to push itself around, almost like a submarine, turning the disadvantage of the dense atmosphere into an advantage.
The planet’s atmosphere also presents the biggest challenge of all: seeing the ground. Venus’ dense atmosphere scatters light more than Earth’s or Mars’ does, blurring the view of the surface until the last few kilometers of descent.
Worse, the scattered light makes it seem like illumination is coming from all directions at once, like shining a flashlight into fog. There are no shadows to help show steep slopes or reveal big boulders that the lander could crash into. That’s a major issue, according to Knicely, because all of the existing navigation software assumes that light comes from just one direction.
“If we can’t see the ground, we can’t find out where the safe stuff is,” Knicely says. “And we also can’t find out where the science is.” While proposed solutions to the other challenges of landing on Venus are close to doable, he says, this one remains the biggest hurdle.
Sticking the landing on Europa
Jupiter’s icy moon Europa, on the other hand, has no air to blur the surface or break rockets. A hypothetical future Europa lander, also discussed at the AGU meeting, would be able to use the “sky crane” technique (SN: 8/6/12). That method, in which a platform hovers above the surface using rockets and drops a spacecraft to the ground, was used to land the Curiosity rover on Mars in 2012 and will be used for the Perseverance lander in February 2021.
“The engineers are very excited about not having to deal with an atmosphere on the way down,” said spacecraft engineer Jo Pitesky of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., in a recorded talk for the meeting.
Still, there’s a lot that scientists don’t know about Europa’s surface, which could have implications for any lander that touches down, said planetary scientist Marissa Cameron of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in another talk.
The best views of the moon’s landscape are from the Galileo orbiter in the 1990s, and the smallest features it could see were half a kilometer across. Some scientists have suggested that Europa could sport jagged ice spikes called penitentes, similar to ice features in the Chilean Andes Mountains that are named for their resemblance to hooded monks with bowed heads — although more recent work shows Europa’s lack of atmosphere should keep penitentes from forming.
Another mission, the Europa Clipper, that’s already underway will take higher-resolution images when the orbiter visits the Jovian moon later this decade, which should help clarify the issue.
In the meantime, scientists and engineers are running elaborate dress rehearsals for a Europa landing, from simulating ices with different chemical compositions in vacuum chambers to dropping a dummy lander named Olaf from a crane to see how it holds up.
“We have a requirement that says the terrain can have any configuration — jagged, potholes, you name it — and we have to be able to conform to that surface and be stable at it,” says John Gallon, an engineer at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. (The dummy lander was named for his 4-year-old daughter’s favorite character in the movie Frozen.)
Olaf, a scale model of a possible Europa lander, is helping NASA engineers test different strategies for landing on the icy moon of Jupiter. The rover is named for the snowman in the movie Frozen.
Over the last two years, Gallon and colleagues have tested different lander feet, legs and configurations in a lab by suspending the lander from the ceiling like a marionette. That suspension helps simulate Europa’s gravity, which is one-seventh that of Earth’s.
Without much gravity, a massive lander could easily bounce around and damage itself when trying to land. “You’re not going to stick the landing like a gymnast coming off the bars,” Gallon says. His team has tried sticky feet, bowl-shaped feet, springs that compress and push into the surface and legs that lock to help the lander stay put on various terrains. The lander might crouch like a frog or stand stiff like a table, depending on what type of surface it lands on.
Although Olaf is hard at work helping scientists figure out what it will take to build a successful Europa lander, the mission itself, like its Venusian counterpart, remains only on some planetary scientists’ wish lists for now. Meanwhile, other researchers dream about voyages to entirely different worlds, including Saturn’s geyser moon Enceladus.
“Some people will pick favorites,” Cameron says. “I just want to land someplace we’ve never been to that’s not Mars. I’d love that.”
These science claims from 2020 could be big news if confirmed
These science claims from 2020 could be big news if confirmed
Findings in need of more proof include potential signs of life on Venus and Earth’s oldest parasites
A report that Venus (shown in a false-color composite image) has phosphine gas — a potential sign of life — in its atmosphere stoked controversy in 2020.
Discoveries about the cosmos and ancient life on Earth tantalized scientists and the public in 2020. But these big claims require more evidence before they can earn a spot in science textbooks.
1. Cloudy with a chance of life
The scorching hellscape next door may be a place to look for life. Telescopes trained on Venus’ clouds spotted traces of phosphine in quantities that suggest something must be actively producing the gas (SN: 9/14/20). On Earth, phosphine is emitted by certain bacteria or industrial processes, leading some astrobiologists to speculate that microbes may be living in Venus’ relatively temperate upper atmosphere. But other research teams’ analyses suggest the phosphine detection was a misread — perhaps the result of a fluke in data processing (SN: 10/28/20).
2. Flashback
For the first time, astronomers may have glimpsed a fast radio burst in the Milky Way. Even more intriguing, the source of the super-bright boost of radio waves appears to be a magnetar — a type of neutron star with an intense magnetic field (SN: 6/4/20). But it’s too soon to claim that magnetars caused any of the dozens of previously detected fast radio bursts, as those flashes came from galaxies too far away to trace the bursts back to a source.
A bright radio burst generated by a magnetar (one illustrated) in the Milky Way suggests that these highly magnetic neutron stars may be responsible for other fast radio bursts previously observed.L. CALÇADA/ESO
3. Totally tubular
Tubes stuck to the outer shells of hundreds of fossilized brachiopods discovered in an outcropping in China may have housed the earliest-known parasites. The clamlike brachiopods lived about 512 million years ago. Researchers speculate that organisms living inside the tubes swiped food from their filter-feeding hosts (SN: 6/2/20). That the tubes were never found alone or on other fossils in the outcropping suggests that the organisms could not survive on their own. But some critics question whether the relationship was truly parasitic, given that the tubed-up brachiopods didn’t seem any worse off than their tube-free counterparts.
Ancient organisms that lived in tubes stuck to clamlike brachiopods (illustrated) may be the earliest known examples of parasites.ZHIFEI ZHANG/NORTHWEST UNIV.
4. Found: ordinary matter
Only about half of the universe’s expected amount of ordinary matter has ever been cataloged. But this year, astronomers claimed that the other half is hiding out in intergalactic space (SN: 5/27/20). That conclusion is based on an analysis of how a small sample of fast radio bursts from other galaxies were distorted by particles on the way to Earth. Before the case of the missing matter can be closed, though, more of these bright blasts of radio waves need to be examined.
Observations of brief, brilliant flashes of radio waves from other galaxies, detected by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (shown), suggest that all of the universe’s “missing” ordinary matter lurks in intergalactic spaceCSIRO, ALEX CHERNEY
5. Start your cosmic engines
A ghostly subatomic particle may have been revved up by a star’s destructive encounter with a black hole. Sensed by the IceCube detector in Antarctica, the neutrino carried 200 trillion electron volts — about 30 times as much energy as that of a proton accelerated by the Large Hadron Collider. Scientists matched the neutrino detection to a flash of light in the sky caused by a black hole shredding a star. The probability of the neutrino and the flash coinciding by chance is just 0.2 percent. If the finding holds up, it would be only the second time a high-energy neutrino has been traced to its source, and the first direct evidence that shredding a star can accelerate neutrinos to high energies (SN: 5/26/20).
A high-energy neutrino may have been born when a black hole ripped apart a star (illustrated).M. WEISS, CXC/NASA
6. On the move
The long-running debate over when humans first traveled to and from the Americas rages on. One group of researchers reported that people arrived to North America more than 15,000 years earlier than generally thought, based on the discovery of roughly 33,000-year-old stone tools unearthed in Mexico (SN: 7/22/20). Some archaeologists, however, doubt that the artifacts are even stone tools and say they instead are just naturally broken rocks.
If confirmed as stone tools, this object and others unearthed in a cave in Mexico suggest humans arrived in North America by at least 33,000 years ago.CIPRIAN ARDELEAN
Another research group reported that Indigenous South Americans crossed thousands of kilometers of open ocean and reached eastern Polynesia more than 800 years ago, not long after settlers from Asia initially colonized the islands (SN: 7/8/20). That conclusion rests on genetic evidence suggesting the intrepid South Americans mated with ancient Polynesians. But some anthropologists question whether early South American groups had the equipment or seafaring skills necessary for the journey. Ancient Polynesians, who were expert navigators, may have traveled to South America, bringing new DNA with them on a return trip home.
Here on the little space rock we call Earth, humans often wonder whether or not we are alone in this universe. Though that question was not answered in 2020, many discoveries seemed to increase the prospect of extraterrestrial entities existing. Findings on the closest planet to us, in the outer solar system and the far beyond seemed to point to the possibility that other worlds could host organisms ranging from bacteria to technological beings. Perhaps, new results in the coming year will finally reveal who else might be out there.
1. Is E.T. phoning us from Proxima Centauri?
(Image credit: CSIRO/A. Cherney)
The answer to weird signals happening in the universe is never aliens, until maybe it is. Earlier this month, researchers announced that they had captured a very mysterious beam of energy in the radio part of the electromagnetic spectrum at 980 megahertz, coming from the closest star to our own. Proxima Centauri, which is just 4.2 light-years away, hosts one gas giant and one rocky world 17% larger than Earth that happens to be in its star's habitable zone, meaning liquid water could exist there. The unexplained signal reportedly shifted slightly while it was being observed, in a way that resembled the shift caused by the movement of a planet. Researchers are excited but cautious, explaining that they will need to figure out if more mundane sources, such as a comet, hydrogen cloud or even human technology, could be mimicking an alien signal, and that it will likely take time before they know one way or another if E.T. is phoning us.
2. Alien bacteria might live in the clouds of Venus
(Image credit: NASA)
Astrobiologists were a-twitter with anticipation and skepticism in September when news broke of potential evidence of life in the upper clouds of Venus. The announcement pointed to the presence of phosphine, a rare and often poisonous gas that, on Earth at least, is almost always associated with living organisms. With its hellish surface temperature, outlandish pressure and sulfuric-acid clouds, Venus has long played second fiddle to the seemingly more potentially habitable Mars. But a team aimed both the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope in Hawaii and the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array in Chile at Venus and picked up phosphine's signature in a Venusian cloud layer with downright Earth-like temperatures and pressures. Terrestrial bacteria are known to thrive in some pretty tough conditions, making the biological explanation a not unreasonable one. The research team doesn't claim that it is airtight evidence of space bugs, and many in the community aren't quite convinced, but if nothing else it will mean more funding in the hunt for life in unlikely places.
Two years ago, scientists spotted a cigar-shaped object hurtling through the solar system. Dubbed 'Oumuamua, the entity is considered by most to be an interstellar comet flung out from around another star. But close observations showed that 'Oumuamua was accelerating, as if something were propelling it, and scientists still aren't sure why. Avi Loeb, a Harvard University astrophysicist has proposed that, instead of a comet, the interstellar visitor could have been an alien probe pushed by a lightsail — a wide, millimeter-thin piece of material that accelerates as it's pushed by solar radiation. Other scientists have thrown cold water on Loeb's idea, pointing out that hydrogen ice could have melted off the object in a way that was similar to a rocket engine or other propulsion method. But in August, Loeb fired back, writing in a study stating that hydrogen ice is very easily heated, even in the cold depths of interstellar space, and should have sublimated away before 'Oumuamua reached our system. It seems the debate might go on for a little longer at least.
4. Navy declassifies UFO videos but don't believe the hype
(Image credit: U.S. Navy)
A fair number of Earthlings don't care what ambiguous evidence scientists come up with to show that aliens are out there. They are convinced that we've been visited by technological beings many times, pointing to stories about UFOs and alien encounters (pretty much all of which have been debunked). True believers received a boost in April when the U.S. Navy released footage captured by pilots that showed odd wingless aircraft traveling at hypersonic speed, looking for all intents and purposes like bizarre alien machinery. Despite the existence of such videos, people should still be wary, argued freelance journalist Sarah Scoles in her book "They Are Already Here: UFO Culture and Why We See Saucers" (Pegasus Books, 2020). After deciding to look into the Navy evidence, Scoles was unable to determine if it really showed alien aircrafts. But she found a much more human story by speaking to leaders in contemporary UFO culture and discussing our very basic need to believe in something beyond ourselves.
Ocean worlds, which are classified as those having significant amounts of water on or just beneath their surfaces, are surprisingly common in the solar system. Earth is obviously one such place, but Jupiter's moon Europa is thought to host vast seas under its icy shell and Saturn's moon Enceladus is known to have watery geysers spewing from its exterior. Momentum is in fact building in the astronomy community to send a probe that could land on either satellite sometime in the 2030s and check if any living things might lurk under their shells. As for ocean worlds beyond our sun, in a study released in June, researchers looked at 53 exoplanets similar in size to Earth and analyzed variables including their size, density, orbit, surface temperature, mass and distance from their star. The scientists conclude that, of the 53, roughly a quarter might have the right conditions to be considered ocean worlds, suggesting that such places could be relatively common in the galaxy.
6. Earth bugs breathe hydrogen, maybe aliens do too
(Image credit: Shutterstock)
Most Earthlings require oxygen to survive. But oxygen isn't common in the cosmos, making up about 0.1% of the ordinary mass of the universe. There's far more hydrogen (92%) and helium (7%), and many planets, including gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn, are made mostly from these light elements. In May, scientists took E. coli (a bacteria found in the guts of many animals, including humans) and ordinary yeast (a fungus used to bake bread and make beer) and tried to see if they could live in different environments. Such microbes are already known to survive without oxygen and, when placed in a flask filled with either pure hydrogen or pure helium, they managed to grow, albeit at slower rates than usual. The findings suggest that when searching for organisms elsewhere in the universe, we might want to consider places that don't look exactly like Earth.
When hunting life on other worlds, most scientists stick to what they know — searching for Earth-size worlds orbiting sun-like stars. But far more exotic configurations could exist such as a planet circling around and heated by a black hole. At first glance, such a scenario seems absurd. But, contrary to popular depictions, black holes don't just suck in everything around them. Gravitationally stable orbits are possible and the light from the cosmic background radiation — a relic with temperatures at near absolute zero from the early universe that permeates all of space — would get heated as it fell into the black hole. As a paper released in March showed, this could provide warmth and energy to any organisms that happened to evolve in such a strange location.
As we hunt for beings beyond our planet, it's important to keep in mind that we might not be the only ones doing so. In October, researchers came up with a catalog of 1,004 nearby stars that would be in a good position to detect life on Earth. "If observers were out there searching [from planets orbiting these stars], they would be able to see signs of a biosphere in the atmosphere of our Pale Blue Dot," study lead author Lisa Kaltenegger, an associate professor of astronomy at Cornell and director of the university's Carl Sagan Institute, said in a statement. Using observational tools similar to the transit-timing methods that human astronomers use to study exoplanets, such alien onlookers could hunt for oxygen and water in our atmosphere and perhaps conclude that Earth is a good home for organisms.
Where there's life, there's also death. While we like to imagine that our galaxy is teeming with technological beings capable of contacting us, the flip side is recognizing that all cultures rise and fall, meaning that plenty of cosmic societies likely bit the dust long ago. A model released in December put some numbers to these truths, taking into account such things as the prevalence of sun-like stars hosting Earth-like planets; the frequency of deadly, radiation-blasting supernovas; the time necessary for intelligent life to evolve if conditions are right; and the possible tendency of tool-bearing beings to destroy themselves. The analysis found that the highest probability of life emerging in the Milky Way likely happened around 5.5 billion years ago, before our planet even formed, suggesting that humanity is a relative latecomer to the galaxy and that plenty of our potential otherworldly partners are no longer around to talk to us.
10. We should be open-minded as we search for life elsewhere
(Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech)
The human brain has plenty of constraints. We are misled by cognitive biases, optical illusions and inattentional blindness to things we don't expect to see. One question that has always dogged research into alien creatures is whether or not we could recognize life that is so different from what we encounter here on Earth. Scholars have long urged us to expect the unexpected, trying not to let theory too heavily influence what we count as significant. Life on other planets might not leave the same biological signatures as terrestrial organisms, making them difficult to spot from our vantage point. And, as Claire Webb, an anthropology and history of science student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, told Live Science in January, we must train ourselves to "make the familiar strange," looking at ourselves through an alien lens in an effort to constantly reexamine our own assumptions. That way, we might be able to better understand ourselves through the eyes of another and perhaps meet creatures on other worlds on their own terms rather than ours.
One charity said: ‘Babies are being born pre-polluted.’
Photograph: Zffoto/Getty Images/iStockphoto
Microplastic particles have been revealed in the placentas of unborn babies for the first time, which the researchers said was “a matter of great concern”.
The health impact of microplastics in the body is as yet unknown. But the scientists said they could carry chemicals that could cause long-term damage or upset the foetus’s developing immune system. The particles are likely to have been consumed or breathed in by the mothers.
The particles were found in the placentas from four healthy women who had normal pregnancies and births. Microplastics were detected on both the foetal and maternal sides of the placenta and in the membrane within which the foetus develops.
A dozen plastic particles were found. Only about 4% of each placenta was analysed, however, suggesting the total number of microplastics was much higher. All the particles analysed were plastics that had been dyed blue, red, orange or pink and may have originally come from packaging, paints or cosmetics and personal care products.
The microplastics were mostly 10 microns in size (0.01mm), meaning they are small enough to be carried in the bloodstream. The particles may have entered the babies’ bodies, but the researchers were unable to assess this.
“It is like having a cyborg baby: no longer composed only of human cells, but a mixture of biological and inorganic entities,” said Antonio Ragusa, director of obstetrics and gynaecology at the San Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli hospital in Rome, and who led the study. “The mothers were shocked.”
In the study, published in the journal Environment International, the researchers concluded: “Due to the crucial role of placenta in supporting the foetus’s development and in acting as an interface with the external environment, the presence of potentially harmful plastic particles is a matter of great concern. Further studies need to be performed to assess if the presence of microplastics may trigger immune responses or may lead to the release of toxic contaminants, resulting in harm.”
The potential effects of microplastics on foetuses include reduced foetal growth, they said. The particles were not found in placentas from two other women in the study, which may be the result of different physiology, diet or lifestyle, the scientists said.
Microplastics pollution has reached every part of the planet, from the summit of Mount Everest to the deepest oceans. People are already known to consume the tiny particles via food and water, and to breathe them in.
Their effect in the body is unknown but scientists say there is an urgent need to assess the issue, particularly for infants. In October, scientists revealed that babies fed formula milk in plastic bottles are swallowing millions of particles a day. In 2019, researchers reported the discovery of air pollution particles on the foetal side of placentas, indicating that unborn babies are also exposed to the dirty air produced by motor traffic and fossil fuel burning.
The Italian researchers used a plastic-free protocol to deliver the babies in order to prevent any contamination of the placentas. Obstetricians and midwives used cotton gloves to assist the women in labour and only cotton towels were used in the delivery room.
Andrew Shennan, professor of obstetrics at King’s College London, told the Daily Mail it was reassuring that the babies in the study had normal births but “it is obviously preferable not to have foreign bodies while the baby is developing”.
Elizabeth Salter Green, at the chemicals charity Chem Trust, said: “Babies are being born pre-polluted. The study was very small but nevertheless flags a very worrying concern.”
A separate recent study showed that nanoparticles of plastic inhaled by pregnant laboratory rats were detected in the liver, lungs, heart, kidney, and brain of their foetuses.
Microplastics ontdekt in placenta's van ongeboren baby's
Voor het eerst zijn microplasticdeeltjes aangetroffen in placenta's van ongeboren baby's. Dat is erg verontrustend en kan de ontwikkeling van de foetus mogelijk schaden, zeggen de wetenschappers in Rome die de ontdekking deden.
De twaalf deeltjes werden gevonden in de placenta's van vier gezonde moeders met een normaal verloop van hun zwangerschap. Omdat slechts vier procent van elke placenta werd onderzocht, ligt het totale aantal microplasticdeeltjes naar verwachting een stuk hoger.
De stukjes plastic verschilden van kleur en waren ongeveer 0,01 millimeter groot, waardoor ze via de bloedbaan vervoerd konden worden. Ze waren onder meer afkomstig van cosmetische producten en verf. De kans is reëel dat de plasticdeeltjes ook in de lichamen van de baby’s werden opgenomen, maar dat konden de onderzoekers niet nagaan.
Wat de impact van microplastic in het lichaam is, is nog onbekend, maar volgens wetenschappers bevatten de deeltjes mogelijk chemicaliën die op lange termijn schade kunnen berokkenen of de ontwikkeling van het immuunsysteem van de baby verstoren. Vermoedelijk kwamen de deeltjes binnen via de ademhaling of spijsvertering van de moeder.
Het is alsof je een cyborgbaby krijgt, die niet langer alleen is samengesteld uit menselijke cellen
Antonio Ragusa
“Het is alsof je een cyborgbaby krijgt, die niet langer alleen is samengesteld uit menselijke cellen, maar uit een combinatie van biologische en anorganische entiteiten", vertelde onderzoeksleider Antonio Ragusa aan The Guardian. “De moeders waren geschokt”, aldus Ragusa, directeur verloskunde en gynaecologie van een ziekenhuis in Rome.
Bij twee andere vrouwen in de studie werden geen microplastics aangetroffen in de placenta. Dat is mogelijk het gevolg van een verschillende lichaamsbouw, dieet of levensstijl, aldus de onderzoekers.
Microplastic wordt op steeds meer plekken aangetroffen, van op de top van de Mount Everest, tot in het diepst van de oceaan. Geweten is dat mensen de minuscule plasticdeeltjes binnenkrijgen via voedsel, water en via de ademhaling. Vorige maand ontdekten wetenschappers van een Ierse universiteit dat baby's die met een plastic fles worden gevoed, dagelijks meer dan een miljoen stukjes microplastic kunnen binnenkrijgen.
I found an alien face and it is important, more important than any other discoveries you can make on Mars. But is it life? Is it fungus? Is it a plant? Is it an animal? No...but NASA has never shown you such things either, but if you have been watching me over the last 15 years...you would already know that I have reported most of those already. A face is a sculpture of the ancient species that once walked this planet...that once owned this planet we call Mars. They lived, concurred and died on this planet. A cycle that we humans are also following. Criticize this face as being ugly, a rock a figment of my imagination, but know this...its fate and yours...is the same in the end. Nothing in the universe can change that. So, lets focus on the positive shall we? We now know the facial appearance of this alien species. Something 30 seconds ago you never knew existed. In just 30 seconds...I changed your whole perspective on life. Imagine what I could do with a full hour.
I found a tower in this old Lunar Orbiter photo today. The tower is about 2.5 km tall. Its probably gone unnoticed so long because it sits on a crater edge in the shadows. The bottom base has six legs supporting it, but only four are viable at this angle. Defiantly proof that a species far more advanced than our own lives on the moon right now. This is why we don't go back and never will. Its occupied and they don't want us inferior species messing up their society and culture. Humans...we do what we want, how we want. It seems futile to aliens to try to change us.
I also found a lot of other things, but will only report a few below. Most people wont have the experience or practice at seeing these things...but any university student in the art department would pick them out without trouble. Or...test yourself, can you see below what I saw? Or...do you see nothing? Its not luck, not a gift, not a curse, just good old practice at my passion. I'm sure your passion is something I probably don't get too. Why am I so good at it? Because I don't require others approval of my discoveries. I already know...without doubt what they are, who possibly has my experience about this that I could possible need their approval? No one exists with such experience. Just me...and I approve.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
This day in UFO history: The 1980 UFO Landings In Rendlesham Forest
This day in UFO history: The 1980 UFO Landings In Rendlesham Forest
England holds one of the most compelling UFO landing accounts. In late December 1980, invasion of unidentified flying objects over a period of several nights took place in the joint air bases of Bentwaters and Woodbridge, situated within the vast Rendlesham Forest in late December.
Description of alien beings added to the controversial stories of the twin air bases. The hype took into another level with anomalous radar readings, electromagnetic effects, and surrealistic atmospheric conditions. Professionals, deemed to be credible, have been coming forward revealing their knowledge of the real alien event on the Bentwaters and Woodbridge Air Force Bases.
Uncorrelated object showed on the radar screens at RAF in Norfolk shortly after midnight on December 27, 1980. The thing then suddenly vanished in the area of the Rendlesham Forest in Suffolk. Bentwaters RAF radar also picked up the object.
The bases were allegedly housed a large stockpile of nuclear weapons, and the Woodbridge was the base of the 67th Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Squadron.
The radar operator that night, Mal Scurrah, said that they did not have any idea of what they captured on their radar. They checked the air traffic agencies and found out that there should have been nothing in the vicinity at the time. They sent a jet aircraft to investigate, and the pilot reported seeing a dazzling light in the sky in front of them after getting within about a quarter of a mile.
They saw on radar the object was stationary and it moved off in seconds. In just five minutes the UFO reached 90,000 feet and higher, and they had lost it in the radar scope.
The Woodbridge/Bentwaters started their extraordinary events with the sighting of a massive glowing object by three security guards of the twin bases. They followed the lights into the forest with initial thought that it was a commercial or military aircraft that crash landed.
The patrol was stunned to see a saucer-like craft with small beings with large heads suspended by a type of beam from the bottom of the craft. The beings reportedly performing a repair to their craft unaware of the three men watching their activities.
The guards radioed the base headquarters and requested emergency help. Assistance reportedly arrived headed by senior officers of the base. Later, there would be off record reports that they encountered strange anomalies, such as reality-bending, time displacement, and surreal atmospheric conditions.
Some of the senior officers allegedly communicated with the alien beings.
Called out on the second night of the sightings was then the now famous Colonel Halt. The group of Colonel Halt was reportedly one of the groups to chase the glowing UFO in the forest. He made an audio recording of the details of his trek into the woods.
Patrolmen Jim Penniston, John Burroughs, and Larry Warren later co-wrote a book about the incident, titled Left at East Gate.
Other men who were present during the encounter later revealed that there was an underground theater where soldiers were interrogated, sworn to secrecy and threatened. They also revealed that they were shown several films featuring UFO recoveries around the world. It was also reported that an alien being was there in one of the meetings.
Small objects such as asteroids get trapped for a time in Earth orbit, becoming "minimoons."
Minimoons are typically asteroids, but this one is something else.
The new minimoon may be part of an old rocket from the 1960s.
From time to time, asteroids whizzing past Earth get trapped by our gravitational pull, falling into orbit around the planet. These rocks only stay for a while, eventually escaping and continuing on their journey to who-knows-where. While they're here, they're considered "minimoons."
Astronomers have detected an object that's likely to become our next minimoon. But it's either not an asteroid or it's an odd one. Really, scientists suspect it's man-made tech returning home after many years out in cold, lonely space.
Minimoons
Scientists have confirmed just two prior minimoons. One was 2006 RH120, which orbited us from September 2006 to June 2007. The other was 2020 CD3, which got stuck in the 2015–2016 timeframe, and is believed to gotten away in May 2020.
2020 SO, the new kid on the block, is expected to arrive in October 2020 and pop out of orbit in May 2021.
Identifying 2020 SO
The first clue 2020 SO isn't your ordinary asteroid is its exceptionally low velocity. It's traveling much more slowly that a typical asteroid — their average rate of travelis 18 kilometers (58,000 feet) per second. Even moon rocks sent careening into Earth orbit by impacts on the lunar surface outpace pokey 2020 SO.
For another thing, 2020 SO has an orbital path very similar to Earth's, lasting about one Earth year. It's also just slightly less circular than our own orbit, from which it's barely tilted off-axis.
So, what is it? NASA estimates that the object has dimensions very reminiscent of a discarded Centaur rocket stage from the Surveyor 2 mission that landed an unmanned craft on the moon. Back in the day, rocket stages were jettisoned as craft were aimed toward their desired position. This stuff, if released high enough, remains in space. It appears that this Centaur rocket, launched in September 1966, is now making its way back homeward, at least for a little bit.
When 2020 SO arrives at its closest point in December, the rocket is expected to be about 50,000 kilometers from Earth. Its next closest approach is much further: 220,000 kilometers, in February 2021.
Earthly space programs being as young as they are, scientists would love to know what's happened to our rocket during a half century in space.
While 2020 SO won't get close enough to drop into our atmosphere, its slow progress has scientists hopeful that they'll still get some kind of a decent look at it.
Spectroscopy may be able to reveal what the rocket's surface is like now — has any of its paint survived, for example? Of course, being out in space, it's likely to have been hit by lots of dust and micrometeorites, so the current state of its surfaces is also of interest. Experts are curious to know how reflective the rocket is at this point, valuable information that can help planners of future long-term missions anticipate how well a craft out in space for extended periods will remain able to reflect sunlight.
Eyewitnesses were frightened by the appearance of a Blue Orb over New Hampshire
Eyewitnesses were frightened by the appearance of a Blue Orb over New Hampshire
As you can already tell from the title, this new picture emerged out of nowhere earlier this year on the internet, and ever since it was first uploaded experts have tried to explain its existence.
The picture shows what appears to be a massive blue orb in the sky, protruding through the clouds with its bright luminescence.
The picture was taken from Merrimack, New Hampshire, and through it, experts have tried to explain the fact that aliens are real and that what we’re looking at here is actually a UFO after all.
Since the original photographer wasn’t the biggest fan of conspiracy theories, he decided to contact the NH1 News Station in hopes of getting an answer that would explain his discovery.
However, this plan ended up backfiring as their explanation didn’t make much sense, to say the least. They stated that this was all just a refraction of the light that emerges when the clouds and the Sun are blocking each other at the exact same time.
So, he then switched over to UFO Sightings Hotspot, sending them the exact same picture. They reported that this could only be the result of a lens flare retracted back by a UFO.
They even brought solid proof to back their discovery up in the form of a video that NASA took back on June 11th in which you can see the same UFO lens flare from outer space.
The same lens flare was spotted in Ontario, Canada, and Alta, Utah too. They’re watching us, and that’s a fact.
Some alien life conspiracy theorists suggest a UFO has been captured in footage purportedly filmed on October 1 in Canterbury, New Hampshire. The amateur video apparently shows a shows an odd anomaly sandwiched between two clouds.
IMAGE: ARTISTIC DIAGRAM OF THE SUBSEA AND COASTAL PERMAFROST ECOSYSTEMS, EMPHASIZING GREENHOUSE GAS PRODUCTION AND RELEASE. CREDIT: VICTOR OLEG LESHYK AT NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY
New research suggests slow but substantial greenhouse gas release from submarine permafrost
In the far north, the swelling Arctic Ocean inundated vast swaths of coastal tundra and steppe ecosystems. Though the ocean water was only a few degrees above freezing, it started to thaw the permafrost beneath it, exposing billions of tons of organic matter to microbial breakdown. The decomposing organic matter began producing CO2 and CH4, two of the most important greenhouse gases.
Though researchers have been studying degrading subsea permafrost for decades, difficulty collecting measurements and sharing data across international and disciplinary divides have prevented an overall estimate of the amount of carbon and the rate of release. A new study, led by Ph.D. candidate Sara Sayedi and senior researcher Dr. Ben Abbott at Brigham Young University (BYU) published in IOP Publishing journal Environmental Research Letters, sheds light on the subsea permafrost climate feedback, generating the first estimates of circumarctic carbon stocks, greenhouse gas release, and possible future response of the subsea permafrost zone.
Sayedi and an international team of 25 permafrost researchers worked under the coordination of the Permafrost Carbon Network (PCN), which is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation.
The researchers combined findings from published and unpublished studies to estimate the size of the past and present subsea carbon stock and how much greenhouse gas it might produce over the next three centuries.Using a methodology called expert assessment, which combines multiple, independent plausible values, the researchers estimated that the subsea permafrost region currently traps 60 billion tons of methane and contains 560 billion tons of organic carbon in sediment and soil. For reference, humans have released a total of about 500 billion tons of carbon into the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution. This makes the subsea permafrost carbon stock a potential giant ecosystem feedback to climate change.”Subsea permafrost is really unique because it is still responding to a dramatic climate transition from more than ten thousand years ago,” Sayedi said. “In some ways, it can give us a peek into the possible response of permafrost that is thawing today because of human activity.”
Estimates from Sayedi’s team suggest that subsea permafrost is already releasing substantial amounts of greenhouse gas. However, this release is mainly due to ancient climate change rather than current human activity. They estimate that subsea permafrost releases approximately 140 million tons of CO2 and 5.3 million tons of CH4 to the atmosphere each year. This is similar in magnitude to the overall greenhouse gas footprint of Spain.
The researchers found that if human-caused climate change continues, the release of CH4 and CO2 from subsea permafrost could increase substantially. However, this response is expected to occur over the next three centuries rather than abruptly. Researchers estimated that the amount of future greenhouse gas release from subsea permafrost depends directly on future human emissions. They found that under a business-as-usual scenario, warming subsea permafrost releases four times more additional CO2 and CH4 compared to when human emissions are reduced to keep warming less than 2°C.
“These results are important because they indicate a substantial but slow climate feedback,” Sayedi explained. “Some coverage of this region has suggested that human emissions could trigger catastrophic release of methane hydrates, but our study suggests a gradual increase over many decades.”
Even if this climate feedback is relatively gradual, the researchers point out that subsea permafrost is not included in any current climate agreements or greenhouse gas targets. Sayedi emphasized that there is still a large amount of uncertainty about subsea permafrost and that additional research is needed.
“Compared to how important subsea permafrost could be for future climate, we know shockingly little about this ecosystem,” Sayedi said. “We need more sediment and soil samples, as well as a better monitoring network to detect when greenhouse gas release responds to current warming and just how quickly this giant pool of carbon will wake from its frozen slumber.”
This research was funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation and by BYU Graduate Studies.
Summary of the key scientific points:
Subsea permafrost has been thawing since the end of the last glacial period (~14,000 years ago) when it began to be inundated by the oceanµ
An international team of 25 permafrost researchers estimate that the subsea permafrost region currently traps 60 billion tons of methane and 560 billion tons of organic carbon in sediment and soil. However, the exact amount of these carbon stocks remains highly uncertain.
This carbon is already being released from the subsea permafrost region, though it remains unclear whether this is a natural response to deglaciation or if anthropogenic warming is accelerating greenhouse gas production and release.
The researchers estimate that currently, the subsea permafrost region releases approximately 140 million tons of CO2 and 5.3 million tons of CH4 to the atmosphere each year. This represents a small fraction of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions–approximately equal to the greenhouse gas footprint of Spain.
Experts predict a gradual increase in emissions from subsea permafrost over the next three hundred years rather than an abrupt release.
The amount of greenhouse gas increase depends on how much human emissions are reduced. Experts estimate that approximately ¾ of the extra subsea emissions can be avoided if humans actively reduce their emissions compared to a no mitigation scenario.
This climate feedback is still virtually absent from climate policy discussions, and more field observations are needed to better predict the future of this system.
Quotes from other co-authors:
“I think there are three important messages from this study. First, subsea permafrost is probably not a climate time bomb on a hair trigger. Second, subsea permafrost is a potentially large climate feedback that needs to be considered in climate negotiations. Third, there is still a huge amount that we don’t know about this system. We really need additional research, including international collaboration across northern countries and research disciplines.”
Dr. Ben Abbott, senior researcher on the project, Brigham Young University
“This work demonstrates the power of science synthesis and networking by bringing together experts across a range of disciplines in order to assess our state of knowledge based on observations and models currently available. While scientific work will continue to be done to test these ideas, bringing knowledge together with this expert assessment provides an important baseline for shaping future research on subsea permafrost greenhouse gas emissions.”
Dr. Ted Schuur, Lead investigator of the Permafrost Carbon Network, Northern Arizona University
“This expert assessment is a crucial contribution to the scientific literature in advancing our knowledge on subsea permafrost and potential greenhouse gas emissions from this so far understudied pool. Bringing together scientists from multiple disciplines, institutions, and countries has made it possible to move beyond individual datapoints or studies providing a much more comprehensive estimate of subsea permafrost. ”
Dr. Christina Schädel, Co-Investigator of the Permafrost Carbon Network, Northern Arizona University
“I hope this study begins to unite the research community in submarine permafrost. Historically, it’s not only been a challenging location to do field work and make observations, but language barriers and other obstacles in accessibility to the existing observations and literature has challenged international scientific progress in this area.
“I’m optimistic that this study will shed light on the fact that submarine permafrost exists, and that people are studying its role in climate,” she said. “The size of the research community doesn’t necessarily reflect its importance in the climate system. The amount of carbon sequestered or associated with submarine permafrost is relevant when you compare it to the numbers of carbon in terrestrial permafrost and what’s in the atmosphere today. This is an example of a very large source of carbon that hasn’t been considered in climate predictions or agreements. And while it’s not a ticking time bomb, what is certain is that the choices we make today that influence anthropogenic climate change will determine the response of submarine permafrost carbon stocks far into the future.”
Dr. Jennifer Frederick, Sandia National laboratories
High resolution versions of the photos and illustrations are available at this link.
'VERGETEN' ONDERZEES PERMAFROST LIJKT EEN ENORME IMPACT OP ONS KLIMAAT TE GAAN HEBBEN
'VERGETEN' ONDERZEES PERMAFROST LIJKT EEN ENORME IMPACT OP ONS KLIMAAT TE GAAN HEBBEN
Vivian Lammerse
Het permafrost – dat momenteel nog aan het bijkomen is van het einde van de IJstijd – blijkt veel CO2 en methaan te herbergen.
Tegen het einde van de laatste ijstijd – zo’n 14.000 jaar geleden – overspoelde in het hoge noorden de aanzwellende Noordelijke IJszee grote delen van de kusttoendra. Hoewel het oceaanwater slechts een paar graden boven het vriespunt lag, begon het onderliggende permafrost te dooien. En die dooi is nog steeds gaande. Hierdoor worden er elk jaar miljarden tonnen CO2 en methaan de lucht in gepompt. En ondanks dat dit onderzeese permafrost een enorme impact op ons klimaat lijkt te hebben, is het niet opgenomen in klimaatakkoorden of klimaatdoelen.
Dooi Permafrost is een normaliter permanent bevroren laag aarde. Maar toen het onderzeese permafrost duizenden jaren geleden begon te dooien, werd het organische materiaal blootgesteld aan microbiële afbraak. De ontbindende organische stof begon CO2 en methaan te produceren; twee belangrijke broeikasgassen. Het wegsmelten van het onderzeese permafrost is dus een verontrustend proces. Want al die opgeslagen broeikasgassen worden naar de atmosfeer getransporteerd en leveren zo een belangrijke bijdrage aan de opwarming van de aarde. “Onderzees permafrost is echt uniek, omdat het nog steeds reageert op de klimaattransitie van meer dan tienduizend jaar geleden,” zegt onderzoeker Sara Sayedi. “In sommige opzichten kan het ons een kijkje geven in de mogelijke reactie van permafrost dat vandaag door menselijk toedoen ontdooit.”
Illustratie van het onderzeese permafrost en de manier waarop opgeslagen broeikasgassen vrijkomen.
Afbeelding: Original artwork created for this study by Victor Oleg Leshyk at Northern Arizona University
Hoewel onderzoekers al decennialang de teloorgang van onderzees permafrost bestuderen, is het nog niet zo gemakkelijk om betrouwbare metingen uit te voeren. Hierdoor weten we eigenlijk nog steeds niet precies hoeveel broeikasgassen er tijdens dit proces de lucht in worden gepompt. Ook weten we niet precies hoe snel dit gebeurt. En dus waagde een onderzoeksgroep in een studie, gepubliceerd in het vakblad Environmental Research Letters, opnieuw een poging. De onderzoekers combineerden de bevindingen van verschillende studies om zo de omvang van de onderzeese koolstofvoorraad uit het verleden en in het heden te schatten. Ook bestudeerden ze hoeveel broeikasgassen er nog in de komende drie eeuwen vrij zouden kunnen komen.
Broeikasgassen De resultaten zijn best zorgelijk. Want de onderzoekers schatten dat het sediment en de bodem in het betreffende onderzeese permafrostgebied momenteel zo’n 60 miljard ton methaan en 560 miljard ton CO2 vasthoudt. Voor je beeldvorming, de mensheid heeft sinds de industriële revolutie in totaal ongeveer 500 miljard ton CO2 in de atmosfeer gepompt. Wanneer alle broeikasgassen die het onderzeese permafrost herbergt een weg naar onze atmosfeer weten te vinden, zou dat dus een enorme impact hebben op ons mondiale klimaat.
Geen houden aan De vraag is in hoeverre we het proces nog kunnen stoppen. Want momenteel komt er al veel broeikasgas vrij. De onderzoekers schatten dat het onderzeese permafrost jaarlijks zo’n 140 miljoen ton CO2 en 5,3 miljoen ton methaan de atmosfeer in pompt. Dat is qua omvang vergelijkbaar met de totale uitstoot van Spanje. Maar dat is nog niet het enige. Want de onderzoekers ontdekten dat wanneer de door de mens veroorzaakte klimaatverandering aanhoudt, de afgifte van CO2 en methaan uit het onderzeese permafrost aanzienlijk zou kunnen toenemen. Die toename zal waarschijnlijk heel geleidelijk, verspreid over de komende driehonderd jaar, plaatsvinden.
Mensen De resultaten wijzen erop dat de hoeveelheid toekomstige uitstoot van broeikasgassen door onderzeese permafrost dus rechtstreeks afhangt van onze menselijke emissies. Als we niets doen om klimaatverandering een halt toe te roepen, zal er zo’n vier keer meer CO2 en methaan de atmosfeer weten te bereiken in vergelijking met wanneer de menselijke uitstoot wordt verminderd en de opwarming van de aarde onder de 2 graden Celsius wordt gehouden. Ondanks dat actie dus vereist is, lijken we het probleem van onderzees permafrost een beetje te zijn ‘vergeten’. Want geen enkel klimaatakkoord of klimaatdoel rept over dit onderzeese permafrost en de mogelijk grote bijdrage van de dooi aan de opwarming van de aarde.
Volgens de onderzoekers is het erg belangrijk dat we meer over dit onderzeese permafrost te weten komen. “Vergeleken met hoe belangrijk het zou kunnen zijn voor ons toekomstige klimaat, weten we eigenlijk schrikbarend weinig over dit ecosysteem,” concludeert Sayedi. “We hebben meer sediment- en bodemmonsters nodig, evenals betere metingen. Op die manier kunnen we begrijpen hoe de uitstoot van broeikasgassen reageert op de huidige opwarming en hoe snel deze gigantische opbergplaats van koolstof uit zijn bevroren slaap ontwaakt.”
BEVERS
Niet alleen onderzees permafrost dooit, ook het Noordpoolgebied wordt geteisterd door smeltend permafrost. En dat ligt niet alleen aan extreem weer. Zo blijkt uit een nieuwe studie dat ook bevers een vinger in de pap hebben. Hoe? Gewapend met hun scherpe tanden bouwen de bevers van struiken en bomen dammen, waardoor er kleine poeltjes ontstaan die uitgroeien tot nieuwe meren die soms wel een paar hectare omvatten. En dat gaat rap. In slechts vijf jaar tijd hebben bevers woonachtig in noordwest-Alaska 56 nieuwe meren gecreëerd. Ook al bestaande meren dijen door toedoen van de bever uit. En dat gaat ten koste van kwetsbaar permafrost. Het water is namelijk warmer dan de omringende grond. En dus kunnen deze meren en vijvers de dooi van permafrost versnellen. Meer weten? Lees hier verder!
They discover a 12 KM “WALL” with Paintings from 12,500 YEARS AGO in the Amazon Rainforest
They discover a 12 KM “WALL” with Paintings from 12,500 YEARS AGO in the Amazon Rainforest
These are tens of thousands of cave paintings made in the middle of the Ice Age along a cliff 12,500 years ago. They show various scenes of people and animals.
One of the largest collections of prehistoric rock art in the world has been discovered in the Amazon rainforest. Called the “Sistine Chapel of the ancients,” archaeologists have found tens of thousands of paintings of animals and humans created up to 12,500 years ago on cliffs that stretch for more than 12 kilometers in Colombia.
His date is based in part on his depictions of now-extinct Ice Age animals, such as the mastodon, a prehistoric relative of the elephant that has not roamed South America for at least 12,000 years. There are also images of the paleolama , an extinct camelid, as well as giant sloths and horses from the Ice Age.
These animals were seen and painted by some of the first humans to reach the Amazon . His images give a glimpse of an ancient lost civilization. Such is the magnitude of the paintings that it will take generations to study them.
The discovery was made last year, but has been kept under wraps until now, as it was filmed for a major Channel 4 series that will screen in December: Jungle Mystery: Lost Kingdoms of the Amazon .
The site is located in the Serranía de la Lindosa where, along with the Chiribiquete National Park, additional rock art has been found. The host of the documentary, Ella Al-Shamahi , an archaeologist and explorer, told Observer:
“The new site is so new they haven’t even given it a name.”
Al-Shamahi referred to the thrill of seeing “impressive” images that were created thousands of years ago.
Ella Al-Shamahi, explorer, paleoanthropologist, evolutionary biologist, and comedian.
Credit: National Geographic Society
The discovery was made by a British-Colombian team, funded by the European Research Council . Its leader is José Iriarte, a professor of archeology at Exeter University and a leading expert on Amazonian and pre-Columbian history.
Al-Shamahi said:
“When you are there, your emotions flow… We are talking about several tens of thousands of paintings. It will take generations to record them… Every turn you make is a new wall of paintings. We start to see animals that are now extinct. The images are so natural and well done that we have little doubt that you are looking at a horse, for example. The ice age horse had a wild and heavy face. It is so detailed that we can even see horse hair. It is fascinating.”
The images include fish, turtles, lizards and birds, as well as people dancing and holding hands, among other scenes. One figure wears a mask that resembles a bird with a beak.
The site is so remote that, after a two-hour drive from San José del Guaviare , a team of archaeologists and filmmakers walked for about four hours.
Somehow they avoided the most dangerous animals in the region. “Alligators are everywhere, and we were on the lookout for snakes,” Al-Shamahi said.
As the documentary points out, Colombia is a land torn apart after 50 years of civil war between the FARC guerrillas and the Colombian government, now with an uncomfortable truce. The territory where the paintings have been discovered was completely off-limits until recently and still requires careful negotiation to enter safely.
Al-Shamahi said in a statement:
“When we entered the FARC territory, it was exactly how some of us have been shouting for a long time. The exploration is not over. Scientific discovery is not over, but great discoveries will now be found in disputed or hostile places. “
Paintings of various sizes and at great height
The paintings vary in size. There are numerous handprints and many of the images are on that scale, be they geometric, animal or human shapes. Others are much larger.
Al-Shamahi was surprised by how tall many of them are: “I am 1.64 cm tall and I had to bend my neck a lot to look up. How did they climb those walls?
Some of the paintings are so tall that they can only be seen with drones.
Iriarte believes the answer lies in the representations of wooden towers among the paintings, including figures that appear to bungee jump from them.
Iriarte said:
“These paintings have a reddish terracotta color. We also found pieces of ocher that they scraped to make them ”.
Speculating on whether the paintings had a sacred or other purpose, he said: “It is interesting to see that many of these large animals appear surrounded by small men with their arms raised, almost worshiping these animals.”
Noting that the images include hallucinogenic trees and plants, he added: “For the Amazonian peoples, non-humans, like animals and plants, have souls, and they communicate and relate to people in a cooperative or hostile way. through the rituals and shamanic practices that we see represented. in rock art ».
Al-Shamahi said:
“One of the most fascinating things was seeing the megafauna from the Ice Age because it is an indicator of time. I don’t think people realize that the Amazon has changed in appearance. It has not always been this rainforest. When you look at a horse or a mastodon in these paintings, of course they were not going to live in a forest. They’re too big. Not only are they giving clues as to when they were painted by some of the first people, which in itself is just mind-boggling, but they are also giving clues as to what this very place could have been like: more like a savanna. “
Iriarte believes that there are still many other paintings to discover: “We are only scratching the surface,” he said. The team plans to return as soon as the pandemic allows.
There is no doubt that the Amazon hides a huge ancient treasure left by very little documented civilizations, which lived in an environment very different from what we see today in the jungle of this part of the world.
Top Image: Tens of thousands of ancient paintings were found on a wall that spans more than 12 kilometers. Credit: Ella Al-Shamahi
The International Space Station captures a huge alien spacecraft hidden in the clouds
The International Space Station captures a huge alien spacecraft hidden in the clouds
Experts have been warning us for some time: we should reconsider the search for life on other worlds. It would be the greatest discovery in history, but that does not mean that we can control it biologically, epidemiologically, and most importantly, emotionally. We are currently in a global panic over what is, in some respects, a strange way of life: the SARS-CoV-2 virus , which causes the disease known as COVID-19 .
At the time of writing, there are over two and a half million confirmed cases worldwide, in 68 countries, leading to more than 174,000 deaths. Flights have been canceled, international trade agreements canceled, the Tokyo Olympics will be held in 2021, and we will experience the greatest recession since the Great Depression of 1929. Humanity as a whole is suffering from the effects of the pandemic.And last but not least, the countries point to each other, especially to China because they are to blame for the spread. We are told that COVID-19 is a completely terrestrial virus, whether natural or artificial, but there is another possibility: that it is a weapon of extraterrestrial origin and prelude to a silent invasion. And for those who think that it is a theory without foundation, there is evidence that would show that it is already happening.
Huge alien ship
An amazing image from the International Space Station (ISS) shows a huge cloud with a strange shape on Earth , which many have compared to the iconic Millennium Falcon from Star Wars. According to the Daily Star, a woman named Annie, who was watching a live broadcast of the ISS, saw something that caught her eye. In the image, clouds in question appear to form a perfect circle over the west coast of Africa. The images were shared by the popular YouTube channel MrMBB333, which specializes in science and space.
“On the west coast of Africa, we have a large, what appears to be, a Millennium Falcon , “ said MrMBB333.“The outline of that cloud is not random, the rest of the clouds around it are seen at random, but it looks like a version of the Millennium Falcon. It’s an almost perfect match, a great observation from Annie. “A lot of people notice some very extraordinary things about the ISS live camera and this is one of them.”
The video has gone viral on social media since it was posted on YouTube on April 17. And there were many who wanted to comment on the anomaly. Some highlighted the fact that the shape was eerily similar to the Millennium Falcon and even the Independence Day mothership . This led conspiracy theorists to suggest that the images are new evidence that the coronavirus pandemic is the prelude to an impending extraterrestrial invasion.
Alien invasion?
These images would be new evidence of the presence of alien spacecraft on our planet. Remember that at the beginning of the month we published a video that showed hundreds of lights in formation approaching Earth . We thought they were satellites or meteorites, but after a few minutes they disappeared as if they had never existed. To this we must add how in recent weeks strange blue lights have been recorded and photographed in the skies around the world.
For example, in Madrid, Spain, several people saw clouds at night that turned blue over buildings. The mysterious light stayed in the clouds for more than seven minutes, then disappeared. And even on a beach in Barcelona, Spain, a strange blue light in the sky during a lightning storm transformed into what appeared to be a giant UFO.
These are just some evidences that we are facing an imminent alien invasion . And science also warned us that this scenario could happen. Physicist Stephen Hawking has repeatedly said that an encounter between civilizations could have catastrophic consequences for humans. The physicist predicted that something similar could happen to what happened when Europeans arrived in America in the 15th century : they destroyed and massacred indigenous populations.
And if these extraterrestrial civilizations are able to travel to Earth, it means that they are more advanced than humans and have developed technologies unknown to us. Now, we will have to know what they want from us, annihilate us, enslave us, or feed on us.
What do you think about the image of the International Space Station? Alien ship? Or do you have another explanation?
The Passage to the Underworld found under the pyramid of the Moon in Teotihuacán
The Passage to the Underworld found under the pyramid of the Moon in Teotihuacán
Underground world in Teotihuacán:
Mexican archaeologists map a cave located 8 meters deep under the Pyramid of the Moon.
They also found access tunnels to that cave and they realized that the pyramid was built on the basis of that cave , being the first structure to be built in Teotihuacán. This latest study confirms that the three pyramids have a similar network of tunnels and caverns below that represent the underworld .
This was an investigation carried out by archaeologists from the National Institute of Anthropology and History of Mexico (INAH) and geologists from the Institute of Geophysics of UNAM (National Autonomous University of Mexico). The current study confirms findings from 2017 and 2018.
Cave and tunnels under the Pyramid of the Moon
Teotihuacán is located in the Valley of Mexico and was built by an unknown civilization . The three main pyramids were temples used for ceremonies dedicated to pre-Columbian gods .
The Pyramid of the Sun is the main one, at 65 meters high , while the Pyramid of the Moon is the second highest, at 43 meters . This second pyramid is thought to have been built on top of seven layers of structures, from AD 100 to AD 450 .
The cavity discovered under the Pyramid of the Moon is 15 meters in diameter and includes a tunnel located 8 meters deep . But it is very possible that there are more tunnels. The investigative techniques were non-invasive geophysics (ANT and ERT) , which managed to detect the vacuum of the underground cavity.
Geophysicists identified this cave in 2017 , through an Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). Previous studies also revealed the presence of other man-made tunnels under the Pyramid of the Moon , as well as passageways and caves under the Pyramid of the Sun and the Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent .
This cave was used as the nucleus for all of Teotihuacán
For 30 years, it has been believed that this cave “of the Moon” is natural and that its pre-Columbian architects must have used this underground world to lay the foundation, trace and build the entire city of Teotihuacán . The cave was the starting point.
Another aspect that points to this urban project is in building 1, the first base part of the Pyramid of the Moon , and “the oldest known Teotihuacan monument . ” It was built between 100 BC. C. and 50 d. C., being prior to all other buildings in the city.
Workers removing dirt in a tunnel under the Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent, Teotihuacán. Credit: Janet Jarman. That first stage of construction began at the front of the pyramid … And it was expanded, until it formed the current structure and covered the entire underground cave . Additionally, the Pyramid of the Moon is located on the central line of Teotihuacán , at the end of the extensive Calzada de los Muertos , the backbone of the entire city … There we note its importance.
The meaning of the three pyramids of Teotihuacán is mysterious, but this new discovery of the cave under the Pyramid of the Moon completes the trilogy of underground passages in the three buildings. That is why it is theorized that the construction culture wanted to emulate the mythological underworld under the Earth and worship the world of the dead.
A UFO came within 20ft feet of colliding with a packed passenger plane.
The terrifyingly close call occurred on October 16 moments after the Airbus A321 had taken off from London's Heathrow airport.
A UFO came within 20ft feet of colliding with an Airbus A321 back in OctoberCredit: Alamy
The plane had just taken off from London's Heathrow airport
Credit: Getty Images - Getty
The unidentifiable object - 3,000ft high - was spotted just six metres away from the left wing of the plane.
Safety regulators the UK Airprox Board classed the near-miss as 'category A' - meaning there was a serious risk of collision.
It is thought the bright red object could have been a drone but the pilots were unable to be certain.
The Airprox report concluded: "The Board considered that the pilot’s overall account of the incident portrayed a situation where providence had played a major part in the incident and/or a definite risk of collision had existed."
The scare in the skies was the latest in a string of near-misses.
In September, an unknown object - thought to be a drone - came within seconds of colliding with another flight.
The same month, a drone came three feet away from striking an Easyjet flight which had taken off from Manchester Airport.
The Airbus A320, carrying 186 passengers, was 8,000ft over Greater Manchester which it came perilously close to the drone - flying 20 times above the legal height.
Pilots are reporting two near-misses a week - with more than 400 incidents in the past five years.
The scare in the skies was the latest in a string of near misses - including that of an unknown object and a Boeing 737 back in SeptemberCredit: Getty Images - Getty
UFO Over Mexico City, Mexico On Dec 20, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Over Mexico City, Mexico On Dec 20, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 20, 2020 Location of sighting: Mexico City, Mexico
Mexico is a hotbed of UFO activity year round. I have long believed that the ancient Aztecs, Incas and Mayans were all planted on earth by aliens...or they may have willingly planted themselves here abandoning all the technology of the future do to it stealing away the fun of life. Thats what technology does...it takes away our humanity and makes us more like it and less like humans. Until one day, we abandon this body of ours for a more technologically advanced and eternal mechanical robot body. Technology is not without its little surprises here and there.
With the high speed UFO caught over Parker Dam, Arizona last week, still in mind, now another similar UFO has been videotaped from an Autel EVO drone across the Magnetic Hill Golf Course in Moncton, New Brunswick in Canada.
Orville Harris who captured the UFO, also called Fastwalker last July - 2020: "This being the second UFO I video taped from a drone I was amazed just how similar they looked and the speed they were travelling."
“Fastwalker” is a term used by NORAD and branches of armed forces to describe unidentified aerial phenomena moving and/or changing directions at high speed far beyond what current aerospace technology is capable of.
Twitter users ask Bob Lazar questions about alien pictures, why they visit, and Element 115
Twitter users ask Bob Lazar questions about alien pictures, why they visit, and Element 115
Bob Lazar and Jeremy Corbell answer you questions, including describing what the alien being looked like that Bob saw a picture of, what the aliens looks like, and the size of the spacecrafts housed at Area 51.
According to new data, our moon has a lot more craters than previously thought. In fact, a total of 109,956 newly discovered craters have been located in the low and middle latitude areas of the moon.
They were found by artificial intelligence that was given data obtained by Chinese lunar orbiters. The researchers uploaded the data with thousands of craters that have already been detected and trained the algorithm to locate new ones. They used data collected from the Chang’e 1 and Chang’e 2 lunar orbiters.
In an email to Live Science, Chen Yang, who is an associate professor of Earth sciences at Jilin University in China and the lead author of the study, stated, “It is the largest lunar crater database with automatic extraction for the mid and low-latitude regions of the moon.”
The majority of the craters were classified as being small to medium in size, ranging from 0.6 miles to 60 miles in diameter. As for the few large craters that were discovered, some of them had a diameter that measured as much as 341 miles.
As for when they were created, the algorithm that was used by the scientists was able to estimate that they occurred during all five of the moon’s lunar geological periods with some of them dating as far back as 4 billion years. The five lunar geological periods are the Copernican, Eratosthenian, Imbrian (Late and Early epochs), Nectarian, and Pre-Nectarian.
Yang described the craters as being like “fossils” that “record the history of the Solar System” from when meteors impacted the moon. Since the shape and size of the craters are all different and unique, with some of them overlapping and eroding as time goes on, detecting new ones is a very difficult process that requires a lot of time and patience.
Eventually, the team is planning to upload new data from the Chang’e 5 lander to their crater-spotting algorithm. They even want to use their technique to study other places in the Solar System like Mars. The researchers wrote in part, “This prediction will generally take minutes followed by a few hours of post-processing on standard computation hardware.” Their research was published in the journal Nature Communications where it can be read in full.
Several images of where the newly discovered lunar craters are located can be seen here.
New craters found from the pre-Nectarian System which are over 3.92 billion years old (Image credit: Chen Yang et al. /doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20215-y.)
New craters found from the Nectarian System, 3.92 - 3.85 billion years old (Image credit: Chen Yang et al. /doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20215-y.)
New craters found from from the Imbrian System, 3.85 - 3.2 billion years old (Image credit: Chen Yang et al. /doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20215-y.)
New craters found from the Eratosthenian System, 3.2 - 1.1 billion years old (Image credit: Chen Yang et al. /doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20215-y.)
New craters discovered from the Copernican System, younger than 1.1 billion years old
(Image credit: Chen Yang et al. /doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20215-y.)
President Eisenhower’s Meeting with ET’s at Edwards AFB
President Eisenhower’s Meeting with ET’s at Edwards AFB
COAST TO COAST AM – Author and researcher Paul Blake Smith talked about his latest work examining the claim that President Eisenhower secretly met with aliens at an Air Force base. Smith also presented details of his investigation into the crash of a UFO just outside of Cape Girardeau, Missouri in 1941). In February 1954, President Dwight Eisenhower flew to Palm Springs, CA for a golfing trip (considered odd since it was so far from Washington DC).
While there, his whereabouts were not officially recorded for one evening, and according to a report of a witness, a pilot, who came forward in the 1980s, Eisenhower went to nearby Edwards AFB. Smith recounted the report: They stood at the edge of an open-air hangar, and on the runway were five spaceships– three circular, and two elongated.
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Alien Contact Disclosure Revelations… from ‘Greys’ to ‘Blues’ to MIB
Alien Contact Disclosure Revelations… from ‘Greys’ to ‘Blues’ to MIB
COAST TO COAST AM – Contactee and spiritual counselor Sev Tok began communications with what she believes to be the Greys starting at age ten. In the latter half, she spoke about the nature of her ET experiences, which have run the gamut from beautiful to terrifying. In some of her contacts, she explained, she is transported to a multi-dimensional or interdimensional location– one time, she sensed that she was actually on the Moon.
In two instances, her body had physical evidence of contact, with red “X” marks burned on her back. By coming to terms and being honest about these experiences, she was able to transform her life. . For more, check out Sev Tok’s YouTube channel, Alien Spirit TV.
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Space Force Announces the Guardians! What Are They Guarding?
Space Force Announces the Guardians! What Are They Guarding?
Space Force Announces the Guardians! What Are They Guarding?
Space Force aims to have about 2,500 members in space operations career fields by the end of calendar year 2020. It’s on track to have around 6,500 members by the end of the 2021 fiscal year on Sept. 30, 2021. On Dec. 20, Vice President Mike Pence announced that members of the Space Force will be known as guardians.
About The Marfoogle Network: Does your family think you are nuts? If so, then you probably belong here! The Marfoogle Network is a safe place to share your views and opinions about anything from the D**P State to aliens! Make yourself at home and meet like-minded friends.
Two huge cigar-shaped UFOs hovering above Orange County, CA 23-Dec-2020
Two huge cigar-shaped UFOs hovering above Orange County, CA 23-Dec-2020
These two huge & bright cigar-shaped unidentified flying objects were hovering in the sky above Orange County, a region in Southern California. This happened on early morning on 23rd December 2020.
Fluvial Mapping of Mars -8 Trillion Pixel Image 18 Years in the Making
Fluvial Mapping of Mars - 8 Trillion Pixel Image 18 Years in the Making
it took fifteen years of imaging and nearly three years of stitching the pieces together to create the largest image ever made, the 8-trillion-pixel mosaic of Mars’ surface. Now, the first study to utilize the image in its entirety provides unprecedented insight into the ancient river systems that once covered the expansive plains in the planet’s southern hemisphere. These three billion-year-old sedimentary rocks, like those in Earth’s geologic record, could prove valuable targets for future exploration of past climates and tectonics on Mars.(A) A suite of ridges on Mars (at –67.64°E, 43.37°S). To determine whether features are ridges or valleys, the researchers rely on lighting in the impact craters (depressions). Based on the craters, the light is coming from the top of the image. Because the fluvial ridges are casting shadows to the south, they can infer that the feature is sticking up from the surface—a ridge rather than a valley.
Image courtesy J. Dickson.
The work, published this month in Geology, complements existing research into Mars’ hydrologic history by mapping ancient fluvial (river) ridges, which are essentially the inverse of a riverbed. “If you have a river channel, that’s the erosion part of a river. So, by definition, there aren’t any deposits there for you to study,” Jay Dickson, lead author on the paper, explains. “You have rivers eroding rocks, so where did those rocks go? These ridges are the other half of the puzzle.” Using the mosaic, as opposed to more localized imagery, let the researchers solve that puzzle on a global scale.
Mars used to be a wet world, as evidenced by rock records of lakes, rivers, and glaciers. The river ridges were formed between 4 and 3 billion years ago, when large, flat-lying rivers deposited sediments in their channels (rather than only having the water cut away at the surface). Similar systems today can be found in places like southern Utah and Death Valley in the U.S., and the Atacama Desert in Chile. Over time, sediment built up in the channels; once the water dried up, those ridges were all that was left of some rivers.
(B) A similar “analogue” environment on Earth. Fluvial ridges similar to the ones on Mars are in California’s Amargosa river system, although with water still running through the system, it’s the active precursor to the ridges that are remnant on Mars.
Image courtesy J. Dickson.
The ridges are present only in the southern hemisphere, where some of Mars’ oldest and most rugged terrain is, but this pattern is likely a preservation artifact. “These ridges probably used to be all over the entire planet, but subsequent processes have buried them or eroded them away,” Dickson says. “The northern hemisphere is very smooth because it’s been resurfaced, primarily by lava flows.” Additionally, the southern highlands are “some of the flattest surfaces in the solar system,” says Woodward Fischer, who was involved in this work. That exceptional flatness made for good sedimentary deposition, allowing the creation of the records being studied today.
Whether or not a region has fluvial ridges is a basic observation that wasn’t possible until this high-resolution image of the planet’s surface was assembled. Each of the 8 trillion pixels represents 5 to 6 square meters, and coverage is nearly 100 percent, thanks to the “spectacular engineering” of NASA’s context camera that has allowed it to operate continuously for well over a decade. An earlier attempt to map these ridges was published in 2007 by Rebecca Williams, a co-author on the new study, but that work was limited by imagery coverage and quality.
“The first inventory of fluvial ridges using meter-scale images was conducted on data acquired between 1997 and 2006,” Williams says. “These image strips sampled the planet and provided tantalizing snapshots of the surface, but there was lingering uncertainty about missing fluvial ridges in the data gaps.”
The resolution and coverage of Mars’ surface in the mosaic has eliminated much of the team’s uncertainty, filling in gaps and providing context for the features. The mosaic allows researchers to explore questions at global scales, rather than being limited to patchier, localized studies and extrapolating results to the whole hemisphere. Much previous research on Mars hydrology has been limited to craters or single systems, where both the sediment source and destination are known. That’s useful, but more context is better in order to really understand a planet’s environmental history and to be more certain in how an individual feature formed.
In addition to identifying 18 new fluvial ridges, using the mosaic image allowed the team to re-examine features that had previously been identified as fluvial ridges. Upon closer inspection, some weren’t formed by rivers after all, but rather lava flows or glaciers. “If you only see a small part of [a ridge], you might have an idea of how it formed,” Dickson says. “But then you see it in a larger context—like, oh, it’s the flank of a volcano, it’s a lava flow. So now we can more confidently determine which are fluvial ridges, versus ridges formed by other processes.”
Now that we have a global understanding of the distribution of ancient rivers on Mars, future explorations—whether by rover or by astronauts—could use these rock records to investigate what past climates and tectonics were like. “One of the biggest breakthroughs in the last twenty years is the recognition that Mars has a sedimentary record, which means we’re not limited to studying the planet today,” Fischer says. “We can ask questions about its history.” And in doing so, he says, we learn not only about a single planet’s past, but also find “truths about how planets evolved… and why the Earth is habitable.”
As this study is only the first to use the full mosaic, Dickson looks forward to seeing how it gets put to use next. “We expect to see more and more studies, similar in scale to what we’re doing here, by other researchers around the world,” he says. “We hope that this ‘maiden voyage’ scientific study sets an example for the scale of science that can be done with a product this big.”
Contacts and sources:
Kea Giles / by Rebecca Dzombak Geological Society of America
A sky-watcher was taking some evening shots of the moon with a Nikon P900 on December 20, 2020 at 4.52 pm when a large red UFO comes into view from the left side on which the UFO then crosses the moon until it disappears into space.
While crossing the moon the UFO casts its shadow on the lunar surface indicates that it is not something that flies close to the camera, but that it does indeed fly just above the surface of the moon.
The first clip is the close-up, and the second is the original version.
4 Mile Cross Under Ocean Near Macquarie Island, Google Earth Map, UFO Sighting News.
4 Mile Cross Under Ocean Near Macquarie Island, Google Earth Map, UFO Sighting News.
Date of discovery: Dec 23, 2020 Location of sighting: off Macquarie Island
I was using Google Earth Map and I found something really intersting off Macquarie Island. There is a huge cross structure under the ocean there and each line measures the same. It is 4 miles across end to end on both arms. Thats about 7km long! Also not far is another area...a huge 1.5 mile across rectangle opening below a 1 mile bridge on the ocean floor. This opening is for larger UFOs to come down and enter the tunnels to reach the underground base. Yes the base is not on the ocean floor, but more current bases have moved 4-6km below the floor. This way the bases are safe from human detection...however...I did discover the cross and entrance there...so I guess I'm breaking human stereotypes.
Blue UFO Over Bella Vista, Arkansas On Dec 22, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Blue UFO Over Bella Vista, Arkansas On Dec 22, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 22, 2020 Location of sighting: Bella Vista, Arkansas, USA
Source: MUFON
Listen to the surprise in the voices of the man and woman as they watch some glowing purple lights in the sky in Arkansas two days ago. The lights change and it almost look like several round UFOs sit side by side with a line of about six or more. I have to admit the enlarged screenshot I made above really has me baffled. I use to work on B1 bombers on a high security Strategic Air Command Base...but have never ever seen anything like that. This is not made by humans.
US Military Jet Intercepts UFO Over George Town, Kentucky, USA On Dec 21, 2020.
US Military Jet Intercepts UFO Over George Town, Kentucky, USA On Dec 21, 2020.
Date of sighting: Dec 21, 2020 Location of sighting: George Town, Kentucky, USA
This is a great video of a military jet intercepting a UFO over Kentucky this week. The UFO is accelerating and leaving a contrail, however the UFO has no trail and is going the same speed. The UFO obviously did not fear the jet or it would have shot away. When enlarged it does look like thick disk, otherwise known as a tictac. 100% proof the US military intercepts UFOs but can do nothing to stop them.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
Looked up to see a plane with vapour trail and under it a white object hover directly underneath it. It was going at exactly the same speed as the plane, maintained the same distance apart from the plane and the same direction for as long as I could see it. There was no noise but the plane was very high.
UFO Seen Over Cemetery Over Netishyn, Ukraine June 10, 2018, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Seen Over Cemetery Over Netishyn, Ukraine June 10, 2018, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: June 10, 2018
Location of sighting: Netishyn, Ukraine
I thought this video was amazing and it demonstrated a lot of what I find in MAJESTIC and Project Blue Book reports. For instance the UFO appears white when far away. The UFO is silent although its clear its moving very fast. The UFO has a glow around it...almost like a fuzzy fog but probably due to the propulsion systems. This is a real UFO, even though its two years old, I have never seen it and needed to post it here for all to view.
Alien craft casts its shadow on the lunar surface while crossing the Moon
Alien craft casts its shadow on the lunar surface while crossing the Moon
Asky-watcher was taking some evening shots of the moon with a Nikon P900 on December 20, 2020 at 4.52 pm when a large red UFO comes into view from the left side on which the UFO then crosses the moon until it disappears into space.
While crossing the moon the UFO casts its shadow on the lunar surface indicates that it is not something that flies close to the camera, but that it does indeed fly just above the surface of the moon.
The first clip is the close-up, and the second is the original version.
Weird blue pulsating spheres caught over Bella vista, Arkansas
Weird blue pulsating spheres caught over Bella vista, Arkansas
3-4 pulsating blue spheres. One sphere, around 50 -100 feet ahead of the “main” spheres. It kept pulsating from one solid to 3-4.
The weird phenomenon in the sky that appeared in Bella Vista, Arkansas on December 22, 2020, raises many questions as witnesses have no idea what it may have been. Mufon.
What was that glowing object in the sky above Lake Elsinore?
What was that glowing object in the sky above Lake Elsinore?
In this screengrab from a video posted to Twitter, an object flies across the skies above Lake Elsinore on Tuesday night, Dec. 22, 2020.(Photo courtesy of Rachel Marry-Karmie)
That bright light in the sky over Lake Elsinore on Tuesday night, Dec. 22, wasn’t an asteroid or a local church trying to replicate the Star of Bethlehem before Christmas.
Nor was it a UFO or Santa’s sleigh.
The glowing object was part of a show from the local skydiving facility.
While many users on social media claimed it was aliens, Santa Claus or even swamp gas, Daniella Martin of Skydive Elsinore said the thrilling stunt was part of a “production show” over the lake after 5:30 p.m.
“We do all kinds of stuff here, sometimes even military stuff,” Martin said. “If you see anything that looks like a shooting star over the south part of the lake, over the airport, that’s us.”
Martin added that the divers jump into the night sky “with pyrotechnics” that look like sparklers.
Martin declined to give more information about the production, or who was behind it.
One Lake Elsinore resident posted on Twitter that she saw the skydivers from her backyard, and that it wasn’t the first time.
“At first I thought it was the start of a meteor shower, but the way it was moving, didn’t look like a meteor,” said Rachel Marry-Karmie, who witnessed the surprise light show from her neighborhood in the Tuscany Hills area.
Another video suggested it was the skydiving team from Red Bull, which has participated in recent nighttime dives — using pyrotechnics — during the winter solstice.
Lake Elsinore city officials said they received no calls. Neither Lake Elsinore police nor the Red Bull skydiving team could be reached for comment, but staff in nearby Wildomar confirmed in a social media post that it was “skydivers doing stunts” from Lake Elsinore’s drop zone for the Skydive Elsinore facility.
Last week, France gave the go-ahead for augmented soldiers, and some fear the super troopers could be the new norm in the recent future.
The French seek to improve “physical, cognitive, perceptive and psychological capacities,” and could allow for location tracking or connectivity with weapons systems and other soldiers. Among the ministry’s research were drugs to keep troops awake for long periods of time and combat stress, and even surgery to improve hearing.
The new species of augmented soldiers, dubbed “homo robocopus” could also have altered DNA to give them enhanced speed and strength as well as robotics.
Michael Clarke, visiting professor in war studies at Kings College London (KCL), told the Sun participating could be “using DNA as a farmer would in a herd of cattle.”
“We’ve reached the point now where we could potentially manipulate people’s DNA to breed into them extra strength, endurance and other things just as we do with animals,” Clarke said. “Just as we’ve done with standard cattle to give them more back, we can do that now very precisely with humans.”
Clarke added that the bio-race is being fueled internationally due to fears of China’s program.
“What they’re all thinking about is what might come up in 30 years’ time, given another 10 years development and experimentation,” Clarke told the paper. “The Chinese in 30 years’ time might have a cohort of people who are 20 years old who’ve got particular characteristics they might have tried to breed into them by manipulating DNA.”
Due to DNA manipulation, future soldiers could also be immune to disease and feelings.
A recent report by the International Society for Military Ethics in Europe obtained by the Sun, reveals a dystopic arena full of bionic men capable of fighting “all the time.”
“Enhanced soldiers would be reduced to bionic men, who run fast, do not need sleep, eat and drink very little, and can fight all the time,” the report states. “A new species is born: Homo robocopus.”
Sir Lawrence Freedman, Professor of war studies at KCL, told the Sun robotics are of more importance: “There are people going back into combat in ways they wouldn’t have been able to before because prosthetics have been improved. You can use Google glasses, there’s lots of things you can now do with a modern soldier that makes them much more effective than they were in the past. If you want people to act just according to orders going in to great danger, the other trend you can see that is pretty active at the moment is drones, autonomous vehicles and so on.”
While France claims it will abide by humanitarian law, French armed forces minister Florence Parly warned, “we have to be clear, not everyone has the same scruples as us and we have to prepare ourselves for such a future,” she said.
Here is some of the tech in progress to create “homo robocopus,” according to the Sun.
Brain microchips — France has been given the all-clear to develop microchips to enhance soldier brain power.
Bionic eyes — Being developed in Hong Kong, this gives users infrared and night vision.
Super hearing — The US’s Tactical Communication and Protective System are smart earbuds which boost soldiers’ hearing to be near superhuman.
Health implant — DARPA, the Pentagon’s research arm, is developing cyborg implants to monitor combat efficiency.
Enhanced limbs — A Devcom report revealed plans to equip US soldiers with enhanced limbs for increased strength.
Exoskeletonlegs — The US Army has tested an exoskeleton which can be attached to soldier’s legs and can increase their productivity by up to 27 times.
Synthetic blood — Respirocyte is a theoretical red blood cell that could help soldiers not get out of breath and stay underwater for hours.
Pain immunity — DARPA’s Persistence in Combat initiative would allow soldiers to have their pain suppressed for 30 days.
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US Astronaut Saw 100s Of UFOs In Germany & Filmed UFO Landing In California, 1957
US Astronaut Saw 100s Of UFOs In Germany & Filmed UFO Landing In California, 1957
Space pioneer Leroy Gordon Cooper, who died in 2004, believed in the existence of aliens who had been traveling from other habitable places to Earth. Not only he believed in extraterrestrials but also claimed that he personally encountered UFOs and other inexplicable phenomena while flying in a fighter jet in Germany in the early 1950s.
Leroy Gordon Cooper Image via Wikipedia
Cooper was one of the seven astronauts of Project Mercury, the first human space program to get a man on the Moon before the Soviet Union. He traveled to space as part of the manned mission Mercury-Atlas 9, which took place in 1963. Then, in 1956, he set a new space endurance record by traveling 3.3 million miles aboard Gemini 5 to prove that astronauts could survive in space on a journey to Moon and back to Earth.
He left NASA in 1970 and spent the rest of his life studying unidentified flying objects. Cooper believed in the UFOs even before he got into the space programs. After his encounter with UFOs in Germany, he became a staunch supporter of the hypotheses of the existence of civilization outside Earth.
Cooper said in an interview that he saw a UFO the first time in his life in the early 1950s, when he was posted at Landstuhl Air Base, West Germany. He said that during that time, Russian MiG-15s often flew over to his base. So, once he was flying at 15,000 meters and saw strange vehicles that flew in formation much higher and faster than their aircraft. He claimed that they were discs shaped with metallic casing.
Gordon claimed to film UFO landing at Edwards Air Force Base in 1957
Then in 1957, when Cooper served as a test pilot at Edwards Air Force Base in California, he saw a flying saucer with a diameter of about 10 meters that hovered nearby and landed on the dried lake.
He said: “I had a camera crew filming the installation when they spotted a saucer. They filmed it as it flew overhead, then hovered, extended three legs as landing gear, and slowly came down to land on a dry lake bed.”
After that, Cooper sent the recordings to Washington and filed a report of the UFO encounter.
“After a while, a high-ranking officer said when the film was developed I was to put it in a pouch and send it to Washington.
He didn’t say anything about me not looking at the film. That’s what I did when it came back from the lab and it was all there just like the camera crew reported.”
The saucer was similar to the one he encountered in 1951.
“Basically the same planform vehicle they were double saucer lenticular. If you’re going to be going in and out of atmospheres like earth or other places might have you certainly need a little more aerodynamic type of vehicle. And the saucer has the capability of going through the air at tremendous rates of speed and handling the bow and trailing wave without making shockwave. So it can be very silent while traveling big rates of speed through the atmosphere.”
Gordon also believed in the crash of an alien spaceship in Roswell, New Mexico, in 1947, and the military found several aliens at the crash site.
“I had a good friend at Roswell, a fellow officer. He had to be careful about what he said. But it sure wasn’t a weather balloon, like the Air Force cover story. He made it clear to me what crashed was a craft of alien origin, and members of the crew were recovered.”
In one of his interviews, Cooper repeatedly argued that aliens who visit our planet on research missions are much more technically advanced than humans. The astronaut believed that the UN should carefully record all reports of UFOs, and was also confident that the governments of different countries were hiding data about extraterrestrial life.
In 2007, NLSI Interim Director David Morrison released a statement where he denied all the claims made by Gordon Cooper about UFOs and alien life. He said: “Sorry, but there is no compelling evidence for space aliens, and certainly not from NASA astronauts.”
Gordon was not the only person who believed in the existence of aliens and UFOs. Edgar Mitchell and Helen Sharman are two renowned astronauts who also believe in alien life outside Earth.
According to Edgar, aliens have contacted people several times, and UFOs had been visiting our planet for a long time.
“It’s been well covered up by all our governments for the last 60 years or so, but slowly it’s leaked out and some of us have been privileged to have been briefed on some of it.”
Helen Sharman, the first British Astronaut
On the other hand, Helen Sharman said: “Aliens exist, there’s no two ways about it.” She began her space career back in 1989, when she passed a difficult selection among other astronauts and confirmed her abilities, getting into one of the first joint projects in the UK and the USSR.
She added that aliens may not be like humans, while it is possible they are here living with humans but invisible to us.
A BRITISH archaeologist claims to have unearthed the childhood home of Jesus Christ beneath a convent in Israel.
Ken Dark, professor of archaeology and history at Reading University, believes he has a strong case after 14 years of fieldwork at the site in Nazareth.
Is this really where Jesus grew up with Mary and Joseph?
Credit: K.R.Dark
Professor Ken Dark believes he has made a good case for the site
Credit: K.R.Dark
Prof. Dark said he believes the identification of ruins beneath the Sisters of Nazareth Convent as the home of Jesus' foster father Joseph have been too quickly dismissed, reports The Times.
The expert claims his research at the location confirms that the convent stands over a 1st century house - which has a strong case for being Jesus' home.
It had been claimed since at least the 380s that the site is where Jesus grew up with Mary and Joseph until such claims were dismissed in the 1930s.
The house was cut into a limestone hillside and incorporates parts of a natural cave, so many features - such as a staircase - still survive.
Prof Dark started his research in 2006 at the site which he describes as "almost forgotten" by historians.
He published an article in 2015 based on his initial findings as he suggested the site was the childhood home of Jesus.
Fresh analysis has now dated the site back to the 1st century which helps to add weight to his claims.
In his book, The Sisters of Nazareth convent: A Roman-period, Byzantine and Crusader site in central Nazareth, he claims the style of house suggests it was owned by Joseph.
Joseph is commonly known as a carpenter, but in the original Greek texts he is described as a tekton.
It is profession which could also be a stonemason or builder, which would match up with the two storey house being hewn into the rock.
Prof Dark also found fragments of pottery at the site which were commonly used by Jewish families of the era.
His fieldwork also suggested there was a cave church was built directly adjacent to the house in the 4th cenutry.
And this is around the time Christianity was adopted as the state religion of the Roman Empire under emperor Constantine.
Further study unearthed a 5th century church built over both the house and the cave church.
It would have been the largest church in Nazareth and was an elaborately decorated cathedral with marble and mosaics.
This matches a 7th century description of the large Byzantine church that was said to have stood on the site of Jesus’s home
The search for historical evidence of Jesus Christ's life is one of the most enduring pursuits in archeologyCredit: Getty Images - Getty
Prof Dark explains the fact the church was even bigger than the nearby Church of the Annunciation shows the cave home's potential significance.
The Church of the Annunciation is where it is said the Archangel Gabriel visited Mary with news that she would give birth to the Son of God.
While he admits there is no concrete proof the house was where Jesus lived, he says there never good evidence for any archeological site to categorically make that claim.
"On the other hand, all the reasons to doubt that it might possibly have been, have gone — this is exciting stuff," he said.
He claims there is "absolutely no reason" why the location of Jesus' home could not have been passed down from the 1st to 4th century.
The expert said based on "oral tradition" this would explain the erection of the church and subsequent cathedral.
The house is built into a natural cave formation
Credit: K.R.Dark
The house is beneath the Sisters of Nazareth Convent
Credit: K.R.Dark
Prof Dark told MailOnline: "This suggests that displaying a house in this way was something really unusual and significant.
"It also begs the question of how did the church builders know these were first-century houses unless some tradition about them remained?
"None of this, of course, proves that the first-century house was that where Jesus was brought up, but it considerably strengthens the case since it was first reported in 2015."
The search for historical evidence of Jesus Christ's life is one of the most enduring pursuits in archeology as there is no definitive proof he ever existed.
"The reality is that we don’t have archaeological records for virtually anyone who lived in Jesus’s time and place," said Professor Bart D. Ehrman, author of Did Jesus Exist? The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth, told History.
For some the Shroud of Turin - which is allegedly the burial cloth of Christ - is one most hotly debated pieces of "evidence" for the existence of Jesus.
Radiocarbon dating suggests the shroud actually dates to the 13th century, but many continue to profess its authenticity as they call for it to be looked at again by scientists.
It comes after a new sketch believed to by Leonardo Da Vinci of the face of Christ was discovered in Italy.
It’s been fairly easy for some to adopt a remote working model during the pandemic, but manufacturing and warehouse workers have had it rougher — some tasks just need people to be physically present in the workplace.
But now, one team is working on a solution for the traditional factory floor that could allow more workers to carry out their labor from home.
The proposed human-in-the-loop assembly system. The robot workspace can be manipulated remotely. Image credits: Columbia Engineering.
Columbia Engineering announced that researchers have won a grant to develop the project titled “FMRG: Adaptable and Scalable Robot Teleoperation for Human-in-the-Loop Assembly.” The project’s raw ingredients include machine perception, human-computer interaction, human-robot interaction, and machine learning.
They have come up with a “physical-scene-understanding algorithm” to convert visual observations via camera shots of a robot workspace into a virtual 3D-scene representation.
Handling 3D models
The system analyzes the robot worksite and can change it into a visual physical scene representation. Each object is represented by a 3D model that mimics its shape, size, and physical attributes. A human operator gets to specify the assembly goal by manipulating these virtual 3D models.
A reinforcement learning algorithm infers a planning policy, given the task goals and the robot configuration. Also, this algorithm can infer its probability of success and use it to determine when to request human assistance — otherwise, it carries out its work automatically.
The project is led by Shuran Song, an assistant professor of computer science at Columbia University. She said the system they envision will allow workers who are not trained roboticists to operate the robots and this pleases her.
“I am excited to see how this research could eventually provide greater job access to workers regardless of their geographical location or physical ability.”
Automation for the future
The team received $3.7m funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF). The NSF stated the award period starts from January 1 to an estimated end date of Dec. 31, 2025. The NSF award abstract reveals the positive impact such an effort could have on business and workers:
“The research will benefit both the manufacturing industry and the workforce by increasing access to manufacturing employment and improving working conditions and safety. By combining human-in-the-loop design with machine learning, this research can broaden the adoption of automation in manufacturing to new tasks. Beyond manufacturing, the research will also lower the entry barrier to using robotic systems for a wide range of real-world applications, such as assistive and service robots.”
The abstract said their team is collaborating with NYDesigns and LaGuardia Community College “to translate research results to industrial partners and develop training programs to educate and prepare the future manufacturing workforce.”
Song is directing the vision-based perception and machine learning algorithm designs for the physical-scene-understanding algorithms. Computer Science Professor Steven Feiner, Columbia University, is looking at the 3D and VR user interface. Matei Ciocarlie, associate professor of mechanical engineering, Columbia University, is building the robot learning and control algorithms. Before joining the faculty, Matei was a scientist at Willow Garage, and scientist at Google. Matei contributed to the development of the open-source Robot Operating System.
A takeaway:News of robots often results in hair-pulling remarks on a tradeoff that can result in lost jobs for humans. Here is a project that, once complete, has the potential to complement human capabilities by using robotics.
Nancy Cohen is a contributing author. Want to get involved like Nancy and send your story to ZME Science? Check out our contact and contribute page.
In the midst of all the crazy things that have happened in our pandemic year, it’s easy to lose track of other developments. But despite the hardship of the lockdowns and the pandemic itself, the world isn’t sitting still. We’ve seen some stunning advancements not related to the pandemic, including some very nifty gadgets. Here are just some of them.
Remember those unsettling robot dog videos trying to go down stairs and open doors? Spot is their leader. The robot by Boston Dynamics has been in development for a few years now, but it’s gone on sale in 2020, for the hefty sum of $74,500 — and this was also the year that Spot was really put to good use.
Spot is agile, robust, and can navigate rugged terrain with unprecedented mobility. Its software is downloadable and upgradeable (available on GitHub) if you’re up for the task, and are willing to pay the price of a luxury car to get the robot itself.
Spot isn’t exactly a companion (though he can also play that part, and he’s a pretty good dancer actually) — he’s more of a utility dog. From patrolling hazardous sites and abandoned buildings to monitoring construction sites and offshore oil rigs, Spot can be sent where it would be too dangerous for humans. Different companies (and even governments) are already putting the robot dog to good use. For instance, Spot is patrolling the parks of Singapore warning people to not stay too close to each other.
A little bit dystopian? Maybe. Useful? Definitely.
2. Drones taking to the oceans
The Geneinno T1 drone. Image credits: Geneinno.
Drones are as cool and useful as ever (and they’re actually becoming more and more present in science and environmental monitoring), but they’re not exactly a new gadget. Well, at least air drones. Underwater drones, however, are pretty new and interesting.
An underwater drone is a submarine in the same sense a ‘regular’ drone is a helicopter. Biologists have been using ROVs (Remotely Operated underwater Vehicles) for a few years to study corals, fish, and explore the subsurface — now, you can get your own version. Several companies are already working in the field, but US-based Geneinno seems to be one of the pioneers in the field, and their ROVs (or underwater drones, which just sounds better) are now available to the public.
3. The Lego Bugatti
Image credits: LEGO
Nowadays, you can build anything and everything from Lego — but few things are as awesome as the company’s Technic branch. You basically build your own, realistic and fancy model cars, from the likes of a Ferrari or a Lamborghini to a Jeep Wrangler or even a race plane.
The cars have accurate real-life functions, such as a gearbox and a steering wheel, connected just like the real thing (there’s even a Lego engine). This is not for the inexperienced builder and not for those without patience, but it can make for a stunning little home gadget. But if you’re looking to build your own Lego fancy car, this is as good as it gets in 2020.
What you see here, just slightly bigger than a coin, is a full-on computer — and it goes for about $25. The Raspberry Pi Foundation is already well-known to those interested in the Internet of Things (IoT) and gadgets, as well as those looking for cheap computing alternatives.
Raspberry Pi’s are small, single-board computers that can function either stand-alone, or as part of other applications (typically involving some form of sensors). The new mini version includes a 64-bit quad-core processor, graphics support, hardware decoder, HDMI ports, USB ports, a PCI interface, camera interfaces, at least a gigabyte of memory, flash storage, clock and battery backup, a wireless option, an ethernet option. If you’d like to start diving into the world of IoT or just getting started with some offbeat computing, this is definitely one of the best places to start — and it won’t break your budget either.
5. Futuristic AI fitness work-from-home mirrors
Image credits: Fuseproject.
Staying fit is never easy, especially in a year like this when we’ve had to deal with the pandemic and all the stress and uncertainty — while mostly staying home. But somehow, one feels that having a futuristic AI mirror assistant could help with that.
The new Forme by Fuseproject is a 43-inch screen with 4k resolution and stowable arms for resistance training. It’s your very own one-on-one personal assistant working out with you in the comfort of your home. You can do various types of resistance training, and the screen helps you see what your virtual trainer is doing and try to do the same thing (you can also see yourself and improve your form). You can opt for pre-recorded workouts or a specialized routine, but the machine’s AI also analyzes your workout schedule and progress and constantly tweaks and adapts for optimum performance.
6. The world’s first graphene headphones
Since its recent discovery, graphene has been touted as a wonder material with myriad applications ranging from renewable energy to spacesuits. While graphene has undoubtedly had an important impact on science, we, the profane consumers, are happy to see it make an impact on something more down to earth: music.
Ora headphones are the world’s first graphene headphones, supported by one of the very inventors of graphene, Nobel Laureate Konstantin Novoselov, and they’re one of the first graphene products to hit the shelves. The quality of the headphones shows in the sound quality, and the design is quite unique.
7. The Robot kitchen
Robots can already do many things, but if they can’t cook a good dinner, how good are they really? Well luckily, that’s no longer a problem — at least if you can spare a six figure sum for the fully automated Moley kitchen. The system features two robotic arms and an array of sensors and cameras that not only cook your meal but also wash everything after they’re done.
For now, the system can produce 30 dishes (all developed by top chefs), but the digital menu will soon be expanded to over 5,000 choices. It’s truly one robot worth sinking your teeth into.
8. A wearable sensor that tells you what’s in your blood
Image credits: Robson Rosa da Silva.
This noninvasive skin-adherent sensor printed on microbial nanocellulose is essentially a 1.5 by 0.5 cm thin sheet that can detect a range of biomarkers, from sodium and potassium to lactic acid and glucose. It can even be used to track the level fo atmospheric pollutants. In addition to medical uses, it could, for instance, be used when working out (to tell you when you should take it easy), or for detecting glucose and warning when you should lay off the cake.
To make things even better, the material is breathable and doesn’t include plastic. The Brazilian researchers who developed it are now looking to see what products would offer the best integration.
9. The Smart Garden 6
Let me guess — you’re still using plastic pots to grow plants in? That’s so 2019. This small, chique automated plant grower by the Finnish Design Shop lets you grow your own herbs and salads with minimum hassle.
Not only does it pump its own water from time to time (you just need to fill the tank), but it also has 18 high-end LED lights which ,according to the producer, “provide the best spectrums and intensity needed to create perfect germination and growth conditions for your greens”
An amateur astronomer discovered a new sungrazer comet during last week’s solar eclipse, NASA reports. The body has been christened C/2020 X3 (SOHO).
Comet C/2020 X3 (SOHO) in the bottom left-hand corner with a composite image of the total eclipse (right). Image credits: ESA/NASA/SOHO.
Sungrazing comets are like their brethren in every way except they pass very close to the Sun, sometimes within a few thousand kilometers of its surface. C/2020 X3 (SOHO) has been discovered by Worachate Boonplod on December 13 (a day before the eclipse) as part of the Sungrazer Project — a citizen science project which allows the public to look for comets in images from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, or SOHO.
New old comet
The sungrazer belongs to the Kreutz family of objects, NASA explains, which are the fragments of a larger comet that broke apart around one millennia ago. C/2020 X3 (SOHO) evaporated on approach towards the Sun, but other grazers still orbit around our star, the agency adds.
During its last moments, the comet was traveling at around 450,000 miles per hour, reaching as close as 2.7 million miles from the star’s surface. It was about 50 feet (15 meters) in diameter and disintegrated into dust on approach.
“But wait!”, you might say — “what eclipse?”. Last week saw the last eclipse of 2020, which was visible from a relatively narrow region in the Pacific, southern South America, and Antarctica. People in Chile, Argentina, and communities living in the southern Atlantic and Pacific oceans could see it as a total eclipse.
This is the 3,524th Kreutz sungrazer spotted by SOHO. None have yet been seen to actually hit the star, as they burn away in the lower corona (the Sun’s atmosphere) or pass around 31,000 miles (50,000 kilometers) away from its surface. SOHO works similarly to a solar eclipse, NASA adds, which is why it’s so good at spotting sungrazers. The telescope uses a solid disk to block out light coming in directly from the Sun, letting us analyze its dimmer atmosphere and close-by objects.
Astronomers used radio waves to study conditions in the vicinity of Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to our sun. The results suggest Proxima’s 2 known planets are likely bathed in intense radiation from this star, casting doubt on the planets’ potential for life.
Artist’s concept of huge flares on Proxima Centauri, which unleash ionizing radiation. This radiation could be dangerous for any possible life on planets orbiting close to the star.
This month, even as some astronomers are talking about a possible mystery radio signal from Proxima Centauri – a signal of interest to astronomers who search for intelligent life beyond Earth – other astronomers are talking about space weather in the vicinity of this star, which is the nearest star to our sun. Space weather in Proxima’s vicinity, they are saying, might make life on its planets difficult or even impossible.
What is space weather?
When we hear about weather, we might think of Earth – sun, clouds, rain, wind and so on – or we might think about conditions on other planets or moons that have atmospheres. Space weather isn’t about that. It’s a sort of “weather” that originates in stars, including our own sun, and that permeates the space near a star. Space weather consists of ionizing radiation released during flares on the sun or other stars. The radiation can be deadly for any life forms that may exist on distant planets. That’s especially true, astronomers say, for red dwarf stars, which have more frequent flares than our sun. Red dwarf stars can be very volatile. Proxima Centauri is a red dwarf star.
Astronomers at the University of Sydney in Australia announced the new study on December 10, 2020. These researchers used radio waves to detect and probe the space weather in Proxima’s vicinity. Our sun’s nearest neighbor at only 4.2 light-years away, Proxima is known to have at least two planets orbiting it. One, Proxima Centauri b, is almost the same mass as Earth and the other, Proxima Centauri c, is about seven times more massive. Proxima Centauri b also orbits within its star’s habitable zone, where temperatures might allow liquid water to exist on planet’s surface. Sounds promising, right? But the new findings about flares on stars like Proxima suggest a grim prospect for life on the planets in this system.
The researchers published their peer-reviewed findings in The Astronomical Journal on December 9, 2020.
Hubble Space Telescope image of Proxima Centauri, the closest known star to the sun. Read more about this image.
Image via ESA/ Hubble/ NASA.
These astronomers worked with CSIRO’s Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope in Western Australia and the Zadko Telescope at the University of Western Australia, as well as other instruments. Tara Murphy of the University of Sydney helped lead the study.
The new observations corroborate previous studies, showing that the planet known as Proxima Centauri b is subject to intense outbursts of ionizing radiation from its star. Proxima Centauri b is close to the star Proxima Centauri, as Andrew Zic, lead author of the study, explained:
But given Proxima Centauri is a cool, small red-dwarf star, it means this habitable zone is very close to the star; much closer in than Mercury is to our sun. What our research shows is that this makes the planets very vulnerable to dangerous ionizing radiation that could effectively sterilize the planets.
Our sun also emits deadly radiation during its occasional coronal mass ejections. Luckily, Earth is relatively far from our star, in contrast to Proxima’s planets; this radiation doesn’t affect us as powerfully. Plus, Earth has an atmosphere and magnetic field that also help to protect us. Zic commented:
Our own sun regularly emits hot clouds of ionized particles during what we call ‘coronal mass ejections.’ But given the sun is much hotter than Proxima Centauri and other red-dwarf stars, our ‘habitable zone’ is far from the sun’s surface, meaning the Earth is a relatively long way from these events.
Further, the Earth has a very powerful planetary magnetic field that shields us from these intense blasts of solar plasma.
Artist’s concept of Proxima Centauri b, which is about 1.3 times the mass of Earth and orbits within the star’s habitable zone where liquid water could exist. The new data support previous studies, showing that the planet is subjected to intense radiation bursts from its star, putting its potential habitability in doubt.
The new study is the first that definitively links optical flares and radio bursts on a star other than the sun. This means that scientists can now use radio waves to study space weather around distant stars, which will provide important clues as to the potential habitability of any rocky planets orbiting them.
The success of these observations is exciting for astronomers. Tara Murphy at the University of Sydney reflected this in her comments:
This is an exciting result from ASKAP. The incredible data quality allowed us to view the stellar flare from Proxima Centauri over its full evolution in amazing detail.
Most importantly, we can see polarized light, which is a signature of these events. It’s a bit like looking at the star with sunglasses on. Once ASKAP is operating in full survey mode we should be able to observe many more events on nearby stars.
The ASKAP observations were also backed up by NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and the Zadko Telescope.
Although there could be other explanations, the radio bursts from Proxima Centauri are thought to be connected to coronal mass ejections on the star, just like with our own sun. Zic said:
M-dwarf radio bursts might happen for different reasons than on the sun, where they are usually associated with coronal mass ejections. But it’s highly likely that there are similar events associated with the stellar flares and radio bursts we have seen in this study.
Andrew Zic at The University of Sydney, lead author of the new study.
If Proxima Centauri is any indication, then red dwarf stars, by and large, are not the friendliest places for life. Of course, that also depends on other factors for any given planet, such as just how far it is from the star, how strong its magnetic field is if it has one, etc. Some red dwarfs are probably also more active than others, relatively speaking. As Zic commented:
This is probably bad news on the space weather front. It seems likely that the galaxy’s most common stars – red dwarfs – won’t be great places to find life as we know it.
The presence or lack of magnetic fields around the Proxima Centauri planets, or other red dwarf worlds, might be crucial to their habitability. We just don’t know yet how many of them do have such protective barriers against their stars’ radiation. According to Zac:
This remains an open question. How many exoplanets have magnetic fields like ours? But even if there were magnetic fields, given the stellar proximity of habitable zone planets around M-dwarf stars, this might not be enough to protect them.
On a more positive note, however, as Zic noted, red dwarfs are the most common stars, making up about 70% of the stars in our galaxy. That alone might suggest that at least some of their planets could still be habitable.
The Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) radio telescope, at CSIRO’s Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory in Western Australia.
These new results can also be applied not only to the study of Earth’s own biosphere as it exists now and has evolved, but in the future as well.Bruce Gendre at the University of Western Australia noted:
Understanding space weather is critical for understanding how our own planet’s biosphere evolved, but also for what the future is.
Bottom line: Astronomers have used radio waves to study space weather around the nearest star to the sun, Proxima Centauri. The results show that the two known planets are probably subjected to intense radiation from their star, casting doubt on their potential habitability.
New research at the Oregon State University (OSU) discovered a new species and genus of fossil flower from a specimen encased in Burmese amber.
Valviloculus pleristaminis. Image credits Oregon State University.
Christened Valviloculus pleristaminis, the flower is pretty tiny, around 2 mm across for the specimen, a male. However, it boasts some 50 segments arranged in a spiral pattern with vertical pollen-bearing anthers.
Ambered
“This isn’t quite a Christmas flower but it is a beauty, especially considering it was part of a forest that existed 100 million years ago,” said George Poinar Jr., professor emeritus in the OSU College of Science.
“Despite being so small, the detail still remaining is amazing. Our specimen was probably part of a cluster on the plant that contained many similar flowers, some possibly female.”
The fossil consists of an egg-shaped floral cup, the outer layer of petal-like structures (tepals), and anthers made up of two chambers. These anthers hold pollen sacs that are meant to split open “via laterally hinged valves”.
Its name reflects the flower’s structure. ‘Valva’ is a Latin word that is the root of ‘valve’, the authors explain, ‘loculus’ means compartment, ‘plerus’ is ‘many’, while ‘staminis’ refers to its male sex organs. The flower was encased in amber on the bygone supercontinent Pangaea. Although its current location was in western Burma, its original source lies some 4,000 miles across the ocean from Australia to Southeast Asia, Poinar explains.
Valviloculus pleristaminis. Image credits Oregon State University.
The geological structure it formed in is known as the West Burma Block, and eventually broke away from Gondwana around 200 to 500 million years ago. The exact date is unknown, but the current discovery can help.
Valviloculus pleristaminisbelongs to the angiosperm family, a group of vascular plants with stems, roots, and leaves, which fertilize and develop their eggs inside the flower. Angiosperms only evolved and diversified about 100 million years ago, meaning the block couldn’t have wrenched free before then, Poinar explains. This is a much later date than those currently being considered, so it could spur renewed effort — and interest — into dating the event.
The paper “Zygadelphus aetheus gen. et sp. nov., an unusual fossil flower from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber” has been published in the Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas.
Despite the global pandemic that has brought much of the world to a grinding halt, space scientists have continued to push the boundaries of our knowledge throughout 2020.
It’s difficult to mention the year 2020 without referencing COVID-19, but as more human beings than ever before were wishing they could take a break from the surface of the planet, space research continued to push our knowledge of the stars. Whilst much of the scientific community was consumed with combating a pandemic, physicists, astronomers, cosmologists, and other researchers were further pushing our understanding of space and the objects which dwell there.
These are some of my personal favourite space-related breakthroughs and research that have come about this year. The list is by no means exhaustive.
In terms of black hole science, 2019 was always going to be a difficult year to top being the year that brought us the first direct image of a supermassive black hole (SMBH). That doesn’t mean that 2020 has been a slow year for black hole developments, however.
One of the most striking and memorable examples of black hole research announced this year was the discovery of a ‘silent’ black hole in our cosmic ‘back yard.’ An international team led by researchers from European Southern Observatory (ESO) including found the black hole in the system HR 6819, located within the Milky Way and just 1,000 light-years from the Earth.
A silent and thus invisible black hole discovered lurking in our ‘solar backyard’ could be an indicator of a much larger population. (ESO/L. Calçada) Background: This wide-field view shows the region of the sky, in the constellation of Telescopium, where HR 6819 can be found. (ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2. Acknowledgement: Davide De Martin)
The observation marks the closest to Earth a black hole has ever been discovered and Dietrich Baade, Emeritus Astronomer at ESO in Garching believes that it is just ‘the tip of the Iceberg’.
“It’s remarkable because not only is it the first of its kind found, but it’s also so nearby,” said Baade. “Discovering a first only an astronomical stone’s throw away is the biggest surprise one can probably imagine.”
The black hole was described as ‘silent’ by the team because it is not current accreting material — the destructive process that creates powerful x-ray emissions and makes these light-trapping objects observable.
Close-up screen capture image of the LB-1 which, like HR 6819, could also host a silent black hole (Hubble/Public Domain)
“If there is one, there ‘must’ be more,” Baade remarked in May. “If the Earth is not in a privileged position in the Universe — and all available evidence suggests without a doubt it is not — this means that there must be many more silent black holes.”
Baade also remarked that as current cosmological models suggest that the number of stellar-mass black holes is between 100,000,000 to 1,000,000,000 and we have observed nowhere near this many objects, more quiet black holes are “badly needed” to confirm current models. “HR 6819 is the tip of an iceberg, we do not yet know how big the iceberg is.”
Silent black holes weren’t the only examples of this hind of science making noise in 2020, however. Long-missing Intermediate Mass Black Holes were discovered. And just like a proverbial bus, you wait decades for one and then two turn up at once.
2. Intermediate mass black holes found and found again
Missing black holes were the subject of another piece of exciting space science in September 2020, when researchers from the VIRGO/LIGO collaboration discovered the tell-tale signal of an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) in gravitational-wave signals. To add to the excitement, the signals originated from the largest black hole merger ever observed.
An artistic interpretation of the binary black hole merger responsible for GW190521. The space-time, figured by a fabric on which a view of the cosmos is printed, is distorted by the GW190521 signal. The turquoise and orange mini-grids represent the dragging effects due to the individually rotating black holes. The estimated spin axes, or self-rotations, of the black holes, are indicated with the corresponding coloured arrows. The background suggests a star cluster, one of the possible environments where GW190521 could have occurred. Credits: Raúl Rubio / Virgo Valencia Group / The Virgo Collaboration.)
The merger — identified as gravitational wave event GW190521 —was detected in gravitational waves and is the first example of a ‘hierarchical merger’ occurring between two black holes of different sizes, one of which was born from a previous merger.
“This doesn’t look much like a chirp, which is what we typically detect,” Virgo member Nelson Christensen, a researcher at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) said when announcing the team’s observation. “This is more like something that goes ‘bang,’ and it’s the most massive signal LIGO and Virgo have seen.”
The black hole birthed in the detected merger appears to have a mass of between 100–1000 times that of the Sun — most likely 142 solar masses — putting it in the mass range of an IMBH — a ‘missing link’ between stellar-mass black holes and much larger SMBHs.
Earlier in 2020, another team had used the Hubble Space Telescope X-ray data collected in 2018 to identify what they believed to be an IMBH with a mass 50,000 times that of the Sun named 3XMM J215022.4−055108 (or J2150−0551 for short).
This Hubble Space Telescope image identified the location of an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH), weighing over 50 000 times the mass of our Sun (NASA, ESA, and D. Lin (University of New Hampshire))
Whether GW190521 or J2150−0551 will go down in history as the first discovered IMBH is currently a little muddy, but what is less questionable is that 2020 will go down as the year in which these ‘missing link’ black holes were first discovered, bringing with them exciting implications for the future investigation of black holes of all sizes.
“Studying the origin and evolution of the intermediate-mass black holes will finally give an answer as to how the supermassive black holes that we find in the centres of massive galaxies came to exist,” said Natalie Webb of the Université de Toulouse in France, part of the team that found J2150−0551. And IMBHs weren’t the only missing element of the Universe that turned up in 2020.
3. Discovering the Universe’s missing mass
In May astronomers, including Professor J. Xavier Prochaska of UC Santa Cruz, announced that they had found the missing half of missing baryonic matter demanded by cosmological models.
“The matter in this study is ‘ordinary’ matter — the material that makes up our bodies, the Earth, and the entirety of the periodic table. We refer to this matter as ‘baryonic’–matter made up of baryons like electron and protons,” Prochaska said when he spoke exclusively to ZME Science earlier this year. “Of particular interest to astronomers is to ascertain the fraction of the material that is tightly bound to galaxies versus the fraction that is out in the open Universe — what we refer to as the intergalactic medium or cosmic web.”
The matter the team discovered isn’t ‘dark matter’ — which accounts for roughly 85–90% of the Universe’s matter content — but rather ‘ordinary’ matter that has been predicted to exist by our models of universal evolution but has remained hidden.
The team made the discovery using mysterious Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) and the measurement of the redshift of the galaxy from which they originate as a detection method. FRBs can be used as a probe for baryonic matter because as they travel across the Universe, every atom they encounter slows them down by a tiny amount.
This means that they carry with them a trace of these encounters along with them in the spectral splitting as seen above. This allowed the team to infer the presence of clouds of ionised gas that are invisible to ‘ordinary’ astronomy because of how diffuse they are.
4. Asteroid Samples Returned by Hayabusa2
Japan’s Hayabusa2 probe and its continued investigation of the asteroid Ryugu has been the gift that has just kept giving in 2020. Just this month the probe returned to Earth samples collected from an asteroid — which has an orbit that brings it between Earth and Mars — for the first time.
Though probes have landed on asteroids and collected samples before, these samples have been examined in situ. Thus this is the first time researchers have been able to get ‘up close and personal’ with matter from an asteroid.
Artist’s impression of the Hayabusa2 probe achieving touchdown on Ryugu. Image credit: JAXA
Hayabusa2 arrived at Ryugu in late June 2018, making its touch-down on the surface of the asteroid in February of the following year after months careful manoeuvring conducted by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the selection of an optimal region from which to collect samples.
Ahead of the return of samples on December 5th, the probe sent back some stunning images of the asteroid’s surface. These images were more than purely aesthetic, however. Examination of dust grains on the surface of Ryugu gave the team, including Tomokatsu Morota, Nagoya University, Japan, indications of a period of rapid heating by the Sun.
The surface of near-Earth carbonaceous asteroid 162173 Ryugu, as observed by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft just before its landing. This image was produced from images obtained by ONC-W1 at the bottom and ONC-W2 on the side of the spacecraft. The spacecraft’s solar ray paddle casts a shadow on Ryugu’s surface. Image credit: JAXA/U. Tokyo/Kochi U./Rikkyo U./Nagoya U./Chiba Inst. Tech./Meiji U./U. Aizu/AIST
“Our results suggest that Ryugu underwent an orbital excursion near the Sun,” said Morota in May. “This constrains the orbital transition processes of asteroids from the main belt to near-Earth orbit.”
Impressive though this achievement is, its the collection of samples from the asteroid and their subsequent safe return to earth that is the ‘main course’ of the Hayabusa2 mission. “The most important objective of the touchdown is sample collection from Ryugu’s surface,” Morota explained.
Animation created from CAM-H and ONC-W1 data obtained during the 1st touchdown operation (Feb. 21, 2019). Image credit: JAXA/U. Tokyo/Kochi U./Rikkyo U./Nagoya U./Chiba Inst. Tech./Meiji U./U. Aizu/AIST
It is hoped that access to these samples will help answer lingering questions about asteroid composition as well as assisting researchers to confirm Ryugu’s suspected age of 100 million years old — which actually makes it quite young in terms of other asteroids.
Asteroids like Ryugu can act as a ‘snapshot’ of the system’s in which they form at the time of that formation. This is because whereas planets undergo a lot of interaction with other bodies, asteroids remain pretty much untouched.
Whilst researchers will no doubt be elated by the return of the Ryugu samples and the continuing success of the Hayabusa2 mission, 2020 wasn’t all good news for fans of asteroid research.
5. Goodbye to Arecibo
The iconic radio telescope at the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico collapsed at the beginning of December, ahead of its planned demolition. The telescope which will be familiar to moviegoers as the setting of the climactic battle in Pierce Brosnan’s first outing as James Bond, 1995’s Goldeneye, had been in operation up until November, playing a role in the detection of near-Earth asteroids and monitoring if they present a threat to the planet.
An image of the radio telescope before its December 1st collapse (NSF)
The collapse of the radio telescope’s 900-tonne platform which was suspended above the telescope’s 305-metre-wide dish, on December 1st, followed the snapping of one of its main cables in November.
The US National Science Foundation (NSF), which operates the observatory had announced that same month that the telescope would be permanently closed citing ‘safety concerns’ after warnings from engineers that it could collapse at any point.
Following the collapse, the NSF release heart-wrenching footage of the radio telescope collapsing recorded by drones. The footage shows cables snapping at the top of one of the three towers from which the instrument platform was suspended. The platform then plummets downward impacting the side of the dish.
Video shows the radio telescope’s instrument platform fall and collision into the side of the dish (NSF)
The observatory had played a role in several major space-science breakthroughs since its construction in 1963. Most notably, observations made by the instrument formed the basis of Russell A. Hulse and Joseph H. Talyor’s discovery of a new type of pulsar in 1974. The breakthrough would earn the duo the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Some good could ultimately come out of the collapse of Arecibo. Questions had been asked about the maintenance of the radio telescope for some time and the fact that the cable which snapped in November dated back to the instrument’s construction 57 years ago has not escaped notice and comment.
As a result, various space agencies are being encouraged to make efforts to better maintain large-scale equipment and facilities so that losses like this can be avoided in the future.
This aerial view shows the damage at the Arecibo Observatory after one of the main cables holding the receiver broke in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, on December 1, 2020. – The radio telescope in Puerto Rico, which once starred in a James Bond film, collapsed Tuesday when its 900-ton receiver platform fell 450 feet (140 meters) and smashed onto the radio dish below. (Photo by Ricardo ARDUENGO / AFP) (Photo by RICARDO ARDUENGO/AFP via Getty Images)
For most of us, 2020 is going to be a year that we would rather forget. Whilst very few of us come honestly comment that we have had anything approaching a ‘good year’ space science has plowed ahead, albeit mildly hindered by the global pandemic.
Our knowledge and understanding of space science are better off at the end of 2020 than it was twelve months earlier, and that is at least something positive that has emerged from this painful year.
2020 was historic for NASA. We launched humans to the International Space Station from America again, made progress on our plans to return humans to the Moon and explore Mars, had an unprecedented encounter with an asteroid, and displayed perseverance and resilience in space and on Earth … all, while helping the country deal with a global crisis. Here’s a look back at highlights from those and other things we did this year at NASA.
Many objects have been mistaken for UFOs, from natural phenomena such as lightning sprites and meteors, to experimental aircraft and weather balloons. The French UFO research group, GEIPAN, found that 3.5 per cent of sightings remained unidentified. Here are a few that, so far, have defied explanation.
In 1954, two local football clubs were playing in Florence, Italy, when the crowd stopped watching the game. Instead, around 10,000 fans were looking upwards at a strange craft.
It was described by witnesses as either cigar-or egg-shaped along with silvery-white threads falling from the sky. Samples mostly disintegrated on contact, but some were examined at the University of Florence and found to contain boron, silicon, calcium and magnesium.
While migrating spiders, which use webs as sails, were suggested as a rational answer to this aspect of the sighting, their silk is an organic compound and does not contain any of those elements.
Around 350 children and teachers at Westall High School in Melbourne, Australia, watched five planes surround a silvery flying-saucer-shaped UFO in 1966. The planes attempted to aerially herd the craft for about 20 minutes before it disappeared.
A UFO-themed play park commemorates the event and, to this day, witnesses meet once a year to discuss their experience.
In 1997, thousands of people reported lights across several hundred miles of night sky in Arizona and Nevada in the United States, and Sonora in Mexico. These lights were either stationary, or on a moving V-shaped craft in a triangular formation (artist’s impression above).
The United States Air Force stated that the lights over Phoenix were military flares but the V-shaped UFO remains a mystery.
In December 1980, US airmen stationed at RAF Woodbridge in Suffolk, England were investigating reports of lights in Rendlesham Forest when they saw red and blue lights and a UFO land. It was described as around three metres high and three metres in diameter and appeared to be standing on fixed legs. The material of the craft was like ‘smooth, opaque black glass.’
The next day, indentations were seen on the ground and radiation levels recorded. On a separate night, another member of the US Air Force set out to disprove his colleagues with a tape recorder. He reported lights in the sky that looked ‘like an eye winking at you’ and observed ‘a beam coming down to the ground’. Three years later, the US government released a report that described the encounter, which has become known as Britain’s Roswell.
While there remain believers, psychologist Prof Chris French – who has also visited the site – is among many of those who are unconvinced. A local forester said the indentations were caused by rabbits, and the levels of radioactivity were not especially high. As for the lights? “I’ve heard the tape,” says French, “and the lights are in complete synchrony with Orfordness Lighthouse nearby.”
Astronomers with Breakthrough Listen have detected a mysterious radio signal coming from the direction of the nearest star to the sun, Proxima Centauri. But is it really an alien signal or something more terrestrial?
The Parkes radio telescope at Parkes Observatory in New South Wales, Australia. Astronomers using the telescope detected what appeared to be a radio signal coming from the direction of Proxima Centauri in April and May 2019.
Earlier this month, we told you about a possible source for the famous Wow! signal, first detected in 1977. Since its detection, the Wow! signal has been, in the opinion of many scientists engaged with the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI), the best candidate for an alien radio signal yet found. The 1977 Wow! signal was heard only once. It was never fully confirmed and remains unexplained to this day. But now, a new possible signal has been found, dubbed by some as Wow! signal 2020. And guess what? It appears to come from Proxima Centauri, the closest star to our sun.
The news comes from an apparent leak to The Guardian newspaper, which ran the story on December 17, 2020. What makes this detection unique and rather baffling is that the signal, narrowband and needle-sharp at 982.002 MHz, came from the direction of Proxima, which is so close to us, only about 4 light-years away. Astronomers with Breakthrough Listen first detected the signal on April 29, 2019, using the Parkes radio telescope at Parkes Observatory in Australia, but it was not actually found in the data until late October of this year. Two papers detailing the discovery and the analysis are reportedly due to come out sometime in early 2021.
The astronomers were not named in The Guardian article, so it seemed that the news was leaked by someone to the paper, hence the anonymity. By the next day, December 18, the story had been pretty much verified, although tempered with an abundance of caution. As mentioned in The Guardian:
The latest ‘signal’ is likely to have a mundane explanation too, but the direction of the narrow beam, around 980 MHz, and an apparent shift in its frequency said to be consistent with the movement of a planet have added to the tantalizing nature of the finding. Scientists are now preparing a paper on the beam, named BLC1, for Breakthrough Listen, the project to search for evidence of life in space, TheGuardian understands.
As tends to happen, the story spread quickly, with commentary from various astronomers and other scientists about what it might be.
Artist’s concept of Proxima Centauri b, which is about 1.3 times the mass of Earth and orbits within the star’s habitable zone where liquid water could exist. Could the signal actually be from this planet? Maybe, but some features of the signal don’t seem to fit that scenario.
A follow-up article in Scientific American by Jonathan O’Callaghan and Lee Billings on December 18 has provided some additional details. Andrew Siemion at the University of California, Berkeley and director of the Berkeley SETI Research Center, is quoted as saying:
It has some particular properties that caused it to pass many of our checks, and we cannot yet explain it. We don’t know of any natural way to compress electromagnetic energy into a single bin in frequency. For the moment, the only source that we know of is technological.
The signal has the characteristics of being artificial, so then the question becomes “is it ours?” Many potential candidate signals are found, but the vast majority are soon found to be explained by terrestrial sources, satellites in space, errors, etc. As Jason Wright at Penn State University told Scientific American:
If you see such a signal and it’s not coming from the surface of Earth, you know you have detected extraterrestrial technology. Unfortunately, humans have launched a lot of extraterrestrial technology.
Sofia Sheikh at Penn State University, who headed the subsequent analysis for Breakthrough Listen and is the lead author on the upcoming paper, told National Geographic:
Only human technology seems to produce signals like that. Our WiFi, our cell towers, our GPS, our satellite radio, all of this looks exactly like the signals that we’re searching for, which makes it very hard to tell if something is from space or from human-generated technology.
A candidate signal must go through a series of screening filters before it can be seriously treated as a true potentially alien signal. This one has, so far, according to Sheikh:
It’s the most exciting signal that we’ve found in the Breakthrough Listen project, because we haven’t had a signal jump through this many of our filters before.
The famous “Wow! signal” detected by the Big Ear radio telescope at Ohio State University on August 15, 1977.
Image via Big Ear Radio Observatory/ North American AstroPhysical Observatory (NAAPO)/ Wikipedia.
The candidate signal is now being referred to as Breakthrough Listen Candidate 1, or BLC1.
The detection was made as part of an overall study of Proxima Centauri by Breakthrough Listen. It was first noticed in the data by intern Shane Smith in late October this year as the data from 2019 was being re-analyzed, which is why no alert was sent out to other observatories back in 2019, as some people have questioned (that being normal SETI protocol). The signal was very narrow, 982.002 MHz to be exact. It was seen in five of the 30-minute long observations by the Parkes telescope, over a 30-hour period.
Given past history, it is most likely that a terrestrial human-made cause will be found, but the scientists involved are continuing to study it with much interest, and so far, they haven’t been able to identify the culprit.
Another point to note is that the signal apparently came from the direction of Proxima Centauri, but it’s not a slam-dunk that the star really is the source. It could also have been a source within the 16-arcminute (1/60 of a degree) beamwidth of the telescope that happened to be near Proxima Centauri in the sky from our vantage point. It also appears to a simple signal, with no modulation, just a single tone. As Siemion said:
BLC1 is, for all intents and purposes, just a tone, just one note. It has absolutely no additional features that we can discern at this point.
The signal does drift, as might be expected for a signal from an orbiting planet, but it is in the opposite direction of what would normally be expected. Sheikh said:
We would expect the signal to be going down in frequency like a trombone. What we see instead is like a slide whistle, the frequency goes up.
What all of this means exactly isn’t clear yet. Wright has made some interesting observations on Twitter, however:
So far, the signal hasn’t been seen again, just like with the Wow! signal in 1977. Another detection would help scientists determine just where it actually came from. As noted by Wright above, it’s possible that the signal didn’t come from Proxima Centauri at all, but rather another source that happened to be close to the star in the sky at the time, within the beamwidth of the telescope. The fact that it “reappeared” five times during the 30-minute observation windows, over a period of three hours, is interesting. That means when the telescope was briefly pointed away from the star, the signal disappeared, but came back when the telescope was looking at the star again, five times in all. That’s a seemingly good indication the signal did come from space, but more work is needed to see if it could have been an earthly satellite.
Proxima Centauri is the closest star to the sun, only 4.2 light-years away, and is a red dwarf with at least two known planets. One of those planets, Proxima Centauri b, is just a bit larger than Earth, and orbits within the habitable zone of the star, the region where temperatures could allow liquid water to exist. The other planet, Proxima Centauri c, is about seven times more massive than our Earth.
But little else is known about these worlds so far, and the star itself is very volatile, emitting powerful flares of ionizing radiation. Proxima Centauri b in particular is subject to this radiation, even though it is in the habitable zone, so whether it is actually potentially habitable is far from certain at this point.
Sofia Sheikh at Penn State University, who headed the analysis for Breakthrough Listen and is the lead author on the upcoming paper.
Also, what are the odds that another technological civilization would be located at the very nearest star to us? With so many billions of stars in our galaxy? The odds seem very much against it, but all we can do is follow the data and evidence as we learn it. The signal seemingly must either be from Proxima Centauri, another unrelated source within the beamwidth of the telescope, or from terrestrial interference. Past experience suggests the third option, but there is still a lot more analysis to be done.
Stay tuned for updates on this intriguing discovery. If nothing else, BLC1 has given us a fascinating new mystery to try and solve!
Bottom line: Astronomers with Breakthrough Listen have detected a mysterious radio signal coming from the direction of the nearest star to the sun, Proxima Centauri. They’re calling it the Wow! signal 2020.
A talented chainsaw artist in South Dakota has created what is believed to be the world's tallest wooden Bigfoot sculpture. According a local media report, the monstrous piece was unveiled over the weekend at the community of Keystone's 'Bigfoot Bash' event. The man behind the enormous Sasquatch is Jarrett Dahl, who began fashioning the individual parts of the sculpture out of pieces of pine, cedar and cottonwood back in October. Alongside a crew of workers from Kentucky, he assembled the complete sculpture over the course of eight days.
At the 'Bigfoot Bash,' the Keystone Chamber of Commerce measured the artwork and determined that it is "exactly 22.8 feet from sitting on his butt to the top of his head." The epic size of the statue has the community feeling confident that can now boasting having the "world's largest wooden chainsaw sculpture of Bigfoot." While they very well may hold that specific record, it's worth noting last month's unveiling of 'Gasquatch' in Oklahoma, which measures a whopping 30 feet tall and, therefore, likely still holds the title for the world's tallest depiction of Bigfoot.
Whether or not you believe in Bigfoot or Sasquatch, there’s no denying that the existence of this half-man/half-beast has been the subject of conversation for the better part of 180 years when reports of this creature first surfaced in the Pacific Northwest back in the 1840s.
And while there’s never been any definitive proof of Bigfoot, except for a grainy photograph or shaky home movie, one thing is certain – all 50 states (except Hawaii) have reported sightings over the years – including South Dakota.
According to numbers compiled by the Bigfoot Field Researchers Organization (BFRO), the Mount Rushmore State is on the board with 19 reported Bigfoot encounters over the years.
And while that number may be disturbing to some, it’s among the fewest sightings in America, the ninth-lowest to be exact.
Just a reminder, experts estimate that for every reported sighting there are 2-3 sightings that go unreported. Some people don’t want the ridicule.
While other astronomers are scanning deep space for signs of the existence of the mythically theoretical Planet Nine, a group of researchers in Colorado has been looking down instead of up and found evidence in a meteorite of what may have been a small planet in the early days of our solar system. Is it still around? Can it help find Planet Nine? If it’s designated a planet, will Pluto be upset?
“Carbonaceous chondrite meteorites record the earliest stages of Solar System geological activities and provide insight into their parent bodies’ histories.”
According to a new study published in the journal Nature Astronomy, carbonaceous chondrite meteorites are like a diary, history book or crystal ball into the celestial bodies they once were. Chondrites are stony, non-metallic chunks that have never been changed by heat, cold or other outside forces, so they are identical to the larger rock they came from. Only a small percentage of them (4.6%) are carbonaceous – containing high percentages (3% to 22%) of water, silicates, oxides, sulfides, and the minerals olivine and serpentine. The uniqueness of the combinations tells researcher like Dr. Vicky Hamilton, Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) Staff Scientist and first author of the study, the identity of the parent and much about its own characteristics.
Some carbonaceous chondrites. From left to right: Allende, Tagish Lake and Murchison.
While most of the asteroids that are remnants of the formation of the solar system are in orbit between Jupiter and Mars, a few break away and collide with Earth. Such an event happened in 2008 when a 9-ton, 13-foot diameter asteroid named Almahata Sitta (AhS) exploded into about 600 meteorites that crashed into Sudan – exactly where scientists had predicted, which allowed them to recover 23 pounds of pieces and fragments. Hamilton and her team were given a 50-milligram (.0017 ounce) shard to analyze. Believe it or not, according to the press release, that was enough.
“Spectral analysis identified a range of hydrated minerals, in particular amphibole, which points to intermediate temperatures and pressures and a prolonged period of aqueous alteration on a parent asteroid at least 400, and up to 1,100, miles in diameter.”
Amphibole, a silicate mineral that forms needlelike crystals, has only been found in one other meteorite – the Allende which exploded over Chihuahua in 1969 and is the largest carbonaceous chondrite ever located. Over 2 tons of material was recovered and it has become the most studied meteorite of all time. Almahata Sitta is not Allende, and its estimated maximum diameter shows it wasn’t Pluto either (Pluto’s diameter is 1,476.8 miles). However, it would have been twice as big as Ceres (587.8 miles), the largest object in the asteroid belt, so it was definitely a dwarf planet. Are they sure it no longer exists? Could it be out of sight in a Planet Nine-type orbit?
Pluto
“Hamilton explains that the body that the meteorite came from will no longer exist, at least not in large form, but the evidence the meteorite provides could change our understanding of the materials that asteroids contributed towards the formation of the Earth and other planets.”
Oh well. On the positive side, the samples from asteroids Ryugu and Bennu brought back by Japan’s Hayabusa2 and in 2023 by NASA’s OSIRIS-Rex will be compared to those that have crashed to Earth, giving the researchers more insight on what their parents looked like and how much, if any, change Almahata Sitta and Allende went through as they passed thought the Earth’s atmosphere.
It all adds up to a growing picture of the early days of our solar system coming from mere shards of what were once dwarf planets … and maybe larger ones. While we shouldn’t give up on Planet 9, Planet 8 ½ is real and here.
The Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet Could Lead to a Sea Level Rise of 7 Inches in 2100
The Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet Could Lead to a Sea Level Rise of 7 Inches in 2100
A new study led by researchers from the ULiège Climatology Laboratory , applying the latest climate models, including the MAR – developed at ULiège – predicts a melting of the Greenland ice cap 60% greater than what was previously planned. Data that will be included in the next IPCC report. This study is published in Nature Communications.
Credit: University of Liege
The Greenland ice cap, the second in size after Antarctica, covers an area of 1.7 million square kilometers. Its total melting could cause a significant increase in the level of the oceans, which could reach 7 meters. If we are not there yet, the previous scenarios predicted by the climate models have however just been revised upwards, forecasting an increase in the level of the oceans that could reach 18 cm in 2100 ( compared to the 10 cm previously announced )just because of the increase in surface melt. As part of the next IPCC report (AR6) which will appear in 2022, ULiège’s climatology laboratory has been asked to apply, as part of the ISMIP6 project, the MAR climate model that it is developing to regionalize the old and new IPCC scenarios. The results obtained showed that for the same change in greenhouse gas concentrations, these new scenarios predict a 60% greater surface melt of the Greenland ice cap than previously estimated for the previous IPCC report (AR5, 2013). .
The ULiège MAR model was the first to demonstrate that the Greenland ice cap would melt more with a warming of the Arctic in summer. “While our MAR model suggested in 2100 a contribution of the surface melting of the Greenland ice cap to an increase in the oceans of around ten centimeters in the worst-case scenario (that is to say if nothing is changed) our habits), explains Stefan Hofer, researcher at the ULiège Climate Laboratory currently in post-doctorate at the University of Oslo, our new projections now suggest an increase of 18 cm “. As the new IPCC scenarios are based on models whose physics have been improved – in particular by integrating a better representation of clouds – and whose spatial resolution has been increased, these new projections should in theory be more robust and reliable.
The team from the Climatology laboratory ( SPHERES research unit / Faculty of Sciences ) at ULiège was the first to regionalize these scenarios on the Greenland ice cap. “It would now be interesting ,” continues Xavier Fettweis , FNRS qualified researcher and director of the Laboratory, ” to analyze how these future projections are sensitive to the MAR model that we are developing by regionalizing these scenarios with models other than the MAR as we do. have done on the present climate (GrSMBMIP) ” . This study will be carried out as part of the European PROTECT project(H2020) in which ULiège participates. The objective of this project is to assess and project changes in the Earth’s cryosphere, with fully quantified uncertainties, in order to produce robust global, regional and local projections of sea level rise over a series of time scales.
The data collected as part of the Katabata project - a project to measure the potential of katabatic winds from the south of Groenlad – launched last September by Xavier Fettweis and Damien Ernst ( Montefiore / Faculty of Applied Sciences ), will also help refine the models and in particular the modeling of winds in the MAR climate model. “Knowing that the wind influences the melting of the cap, it is important to have the most reliable models possible,” concludes Xavier Fettweis.
Evolution of the surface mass balance (snowfall – melting) with the old scenarios (cmip5) and the new ones (cmip6). The blue color indicates a mass loss in mm / year (eg 800 mm / year ~ the amount of rain in Brussels).
Credit: University of Liege
Contacts and sources:
University of Liege
Publication:
GrSMBMIP: intercomparison of the modelled 1980-2012 surface mass balance over the Greenland Ice Sheet.Fettweis et al. The Cryosphere, 2020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20011-8
Greater Greenland Ice Sheet contribution to global sea level rise in CMIP6.Hofer, S., Lang, C., Amory, C. et al. Nat Commun, 2020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20011-8
The threshold for dangerous global warming will likely be crossed between 2027 and 2042—a much narrower window than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's estimate of between now and 2052. In a study published in Climate Dynamics, researchers from McGill University introduce a new and more precise way to project the Earth's temperature. Based on historical data, it considerably reduces uncertainties compared to previous approaches.
Scientists have been making projections of future global warming using climate models for decades. These models play an important role in understanding the Earth's climate and how it will likely change. But how accurate are they?
Dealing with uncertainty
Climate models are mathematical simulations of different factors that interact to affect Earth's climate, such as the atmosphere, ocean, ice, land surface and the sun. While they are based on the best understanding of the Earth's systems available, when it comes to forecasting the future, uncertainties remain.
"Climate skeptics have argued that global warming projections are unreliable because they depend on faulty supercomputer models. While these criticisms are unwarranted, they underscore the need for independent and different approaches to predicting future warming," says co-author Bruno Tremblay, a professor in the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences at McGill University.
Until now, wide ranges in overall temperature projections have made it difficult to pinpoint outcomes in different mitigation scenarios. For instance, if atmospheric CO2 concentrations are doubled, the General Circulation Models (GCMs) used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), predict a very likely global average temperature increase between 1.9 and 4.5C—a vast range covering moderate climate changes on the lower end, and catastrophic ones on the other.
A new approach
"Our new approach to projecting the Earth's temperature is based on historical climate data, rather than the theoretical relationships that are imperfectly captured by the GCMs. Our approach allows climate sensitivity and its uncertainty to be estimated from direct observations with few assumptions," says co-author Raphael Hebert, a former graduate researcher at McGill University, now working at the Alfred-Wegener-Institut in Potsdam, Germany.
In a study for Climate Dynamics, the researchers introduced the new Scaling Climate Response Function (SCRF) model to project the Earth's temperature to 2100. Grounded on historical data, it reduces prediction uncertainties by about half, compared to the approach currently used by the IPCC. In analyzing the results, the researchers found that the threshold for dangerous warming (+1.5C) will likely be crossed between 2027 and 2042. This is a much narrower window than GCMs estimates of between now and 2052. On average, the researchers also found that expected warming was a little lower, by about 10 to 15 percent. They also found, however, that the "very likely warming ranges" of the SCRF were within those of the GCMs, giving the latter support.
"Now that governments have finally decided to act on climate change, we must avoid situations where leaders can claim that even the weakest policies can avert dangerous consequences," says co-author Shaun Lovejoy, a professor in the Physics Department at McGill University. "With our new climate model and its next generation improvements, there's less wiggle room."
Raphaël Hébert et al, An observation-based scaling model for climate sensitivity estimates and global projections to 2100, Climate Dynamics (2020). DOI: 10.1007/s00382-020-05521-x
Artificial Intelligence Classifies Supernova Explosions with Unprecedented Accuracy
Artificial Intelligence Classifies Supernova Explosions with Unprecedented Accuracy
Artificial intelligence is classifying real supernova explosions without the traditional use of spectra, thanks to a team of astronomers at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian. The complete data sets and resulting classifications are publicly available for open use.
By training a machine learning model to categorize supernovae based on their visible characteristics, the astronomers were able to classify real data from the Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey for 2,315 supernovae with an accuracy rate of 82-percent without the use of spectra.
Cassiopeia A, or Cas A, is a supernova remnant located 10,000 light years away in the constellation Cassiopeia, and is the remnant of a once massive star that died in a violent explosion roughly 340 years ago. This image layers infrared, visible, and X-ray data to reveal filamentary structures of dust and gas. Cas A is amongst the 10-percent of supernovae that scientists are able to study closely. CfA’s new machine learning project will help to classify thousands, and eventually millions, of potentially interesting supernovae that may otherwise never be studied.
Credit: Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/STScI/CXC/SAO
The astronomers developed a software program that classifies different types of supernovae based on their light curves, or how their brightness changes over time. “We have approximately 2,500 supernovae with light curves from the Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey, and of those, 500 supernovae with spectra that can be used for classification,” said Griffin Hosseinzadeh, a postdoctoral researcher at the CfA and lead author on the first of two papers published in The Astrophysical Journal. “We trained the classifier using those 500 supernovae to classify the remaining supernovae where we were not able to observe the spectrum.”
Edo Berger, an astronomer at the CfA explained that by asking the artificial intelligence to answer specific questions, the results become increasingly more accurate. “The machine learning looks for a correlation with the original 500 spectroscopic labels. We ask it to compare the supernovae in different categories: color, rate of evolution, or brightness. By feeding it real existing knowledge, it leads to the highest accuracy, between 80- and 90-percent.”
Although this is not the first machine learning project for supernovae classification, it is the first time that astronomers have had access to a real data set large enough to train an artificial intelligence-based supernovae classifier, making it possible to create machine learning algorithms without the use of simulations.
“If you make a simulated light curve, it means you are making an assumption about what supernovae will look like, and your classifier will then learn those assumptions as well,” said Hosseinzadeh. “Nature will always throw some additional complications in that you did not account for, meaning that your classifier will not do as well on real data as it did on simulated data. Because we used real data to train our classifiers, it means our measured accuracy is probably more representative of how our classifiers will perform on other surveys.” As the classifier categorizes the supernovae, said Berger, “We will be able to study them both in retrospect and in real-time to pick out the most interesting events for detailed follow up. We will use the algorithm to help us pick out the needles and also to look at the haystack.”
The project has implications not only for archival data, but also for data that will be collected by future telescopes. The Vera C. Rubin Observatory is expected to go online in 2023, and will lead to the discovery of millions of new supernovae each year. This presents both opportunities and challenges for astrophysicists, where limited telescope time leads to limited spectral classifications.
“When the Rubin Observatory goes online it will increase our discovery rate of supernovae by 100-fold, but our spectroscopic resources will not increase,” said Ashley Villar, a Simons Junior Fellow at Columbia University and lead author on the second of the two papers, adding that while roughly 10,000 supernovae are currently discovered each year, scientists only take spectra of about 10-percent of those objects. “If this holds true, it means that only 0.1-percent of supernovae discovered by the Rubin Observatory each year will get a spectroscopic label. The remaining 99.9-percent of data will be unusable without methods like ours.”
Unlike past efforts, where data sets and classifications have been available to only a limited number of astronomers, the data sets from the new machine learning algorithm will be made publicly available. The astronomers have created easy-to-use, accessible software, and also released all of the data from Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey along with the new classifications for use in other projects. Hosseinzadeh said, “It was really important to us that these projects be useful for the entire supernova community, not just for our group. There are so many projects that can be done with these data that we could never do them all ourselves.” Berger added, “These projects are open data for open science.”
This project was funded in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Harvard Data Science Initiative (HDSI).
Contacts and sources:
Amy Oliver Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian
Publication:
SuperRAENN: A semi-supervised supernova photometric classification pipeline trained on Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey supernovae, A. Villar et al, The Astrophysical Journal, 2020 December 17
Photometric Classification of 2315 Pan-STARRS1 Supernovae with Superphot by G. Hosseinzadeh et al, The Astrophysical Journal, 2020 December 17, [doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/abc42b, preprint: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.04912.pdf]
Pole Shift Antarctica Cycle and the Sahara Winter Storm and the Procession
Pole Shift Antarctica Cycle and the Sahara Winter Storm and the Procession
Pole Shift Antarctica Cycle and the Sahara Winter Storm and the Procession
As we shift signs from Pisces to Aquarius in the procession of the equinox, a quickening of energies is expected which would explain the 30,000 earthquakes in Antarctica a 20X increase. Record snows are blanketing the N. Hemisphere leaving forecasters shocked at the depths and speed of accumulations.
Alleged Alien Skull discovered on the surface of planet Mars
Alleged Alien Skull discovered on the surface of planet Mars
Over the years NASA's Curiosity Rover has photographed many unexplainable artifacts including skulls on the planet Mars. One of those skulls has been discovered in image MSL 2620 MR uploaded by Neville Thompson on his Gigapan page.
Although it is our tendency to see certain shapes and patterns in random objects, called pareidolia; I think that this object could be a real skull that apparently lies in a kind of coffin appeared to resemble the remains of an alien creature, which may be evidence of past intelligent life on Mars.
Besides the images of the alleged alien skull there is much more for you to discover in Thompson's Gigapan Mars image.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
UFO following a plane over George Town, Kentucky 21-Dec-2020
UFO following a plane over George Town, Kentucky 21-Dec-2020
This daytime UFO video was filmed in the sky above George Town in Kentucky on 21st December 2020.
Witness report:
Looked up to see a plane with vapour trail and under it a white object hover directly underneath it. It was going at exactly the same speed as the plane, maintained the same distance apart from the plane and the same direction for as long as I could see it. There was no noise but the plane was very high
A generation after a NASA spacecraft's probe found an unexpectedly hot and dense atmosphere at Jupiter, a newer agency mission may have some answers to the puzzle.
NASA's Juno spacecraft discovered that these "hot spots" on the gas giant planet — which the Galileo spacecraft discovered in 1995 — are wider and deeper than previous models and observations suggest, according to results revealed Dec. 11 at the American Geophysical Union's annual fall conference, held virtually this year due to the coronavirus pandemic.
Juno, which has been orbiting Jupiter since 2016, makes periodic close-up swoops by Jupiter called "perijoves" to learn more about the planet's atmosphere, in a bid to better figure out the formation history of big gas giant worlds. Juno is now on its 29th pass of the planet, dipping in and out of the intense radiation environment to send data back to Earth.
The clouds around some of Jupiter's polar cyclones rotate counterclockwise, while their cores rotate clockwise. The images used for this animation were captured by NASA's Juno spacecraft from altitudes of about 18,000 miles (28,567 kilometers) above Jupiter's cloud tops. Citizen scientist Gerald Eichstädt processed the images to enhance the color and contrast. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS/Gerald Eichstädt)
Insights about Jupiter help us understand not only the giant gas planets in our solar system, but also large exoplanets beyond the solar system — of which we know of thousands.
"Giant planets have deep atmospheres without a solid or liquid base like Earth. To better understand what is happening deep into one of these worlds, you need to look below the cloud layer," Scott Bolton, principal investigator of Juno at the Southwest Research Institute in Texas, said in a NASA statement.
The mystery results came from NASA's Galileo mission, after it hurled an atmospheric probe into Jupiter's atmosphere on Dec. 7, 1995. The probe spent about an hour transmitting data before it was crushed. (Galileo itself persisted until 2003, when scientists deliberately hurled the spacecraft into Jupiter to avoid possible contamination of potentially habitable icy moons.)
Galileo's probe reported a dry and windy environment within Jupiter's atmosphere. At first, scientists thought the probe hit an unexpected "desert" within a more generally moist northern equatorial region. More recent results from Juno, however, show that the entire equatorial belt is dry.
"The implication is that the hot spots may not be isolated 'deserts,' but rather, windows into a vast region in Jupiter's atmosphere that may be hotter and drier than other areas," NASA said in the same statement. "Juno's high-resolution data show that these Jovian hot spots are associated with breaks in the planet's cloud deck, providing a glimpse into Jupiter's deep atmosphere. "
The new findings also may explain recent studies of "shallow lightning" Juno observed on Jupiter, which are high-altitude electrical discharges that happen when ammonia mixes with water.
"High up in the atmosphere, where shallow lightning is seen, water and ammonia are combined and become invisible to Juno's microwave instrument. This is where a special kind of hailstone that we call 'mushballs' are forming," Tristan Guillot, Juno co-investigator at the University of Côte d'Azur in France, said in the same statement.
"These mushballs get heavy and fall deep into the atmosphere, creating a large region that is depleted of both ammonia and water. Once the mushballs melt and evaporate, the ammonia and water change back to a gaseous state and are visible to Juno again."
It appears there is still much to understand about Jupiter's atmosphere, as Juno also produced puzzles as it followed up on observations of six cyclones at the planet's south pole that it performed last year. One storm disappeared while changing from a pentagon to a hexagon shape, and the other five remain. Scientists are still trying to figure out how the vortices form and why some are more stable while others appear to die quickly, the team said in its update.
The research was released during a virtual media briefing Dec. 11 at the American Geophysical Union's fall conference.
Two strange blobs of X-ray energy are swirling out of the galaxy's center By Brandon Specktor 12 hours ago These newly-discovered orbs are more than 45,000 light-years wide — but what created them?
Two strange blobs of X-ray energy are swirling out of the galaxy's center
Millions of years ago, a powerful explosion shook the center of theMilky Way, sending twin shock waves blasting across the sky. Those waves bulldozed through the galaxy, heating up all the gas and dust in their path and leaving two telltale blobs of hot, highly energized gamma-rays in their wake.
Today, those blobs — now named theFermi Bubbles — span half the width of our galaxy. One lobe towers for 25,000 light-years above the Milky Way's disk, and the other looms just as large below it. Since their discovery in 2010, the bubbles have been a monolithic mystery of our galaxy — and now we know they are not alone.
As scientists continue to study our galaxy in every wavelength of light imaginable, strange new structures within the Fermi Bubbles — from"chimneys" of plasma to slowly inflatingballoons of radio energy — continue to emerge. Now, a paper published Dec. 9 in the journalNature reveals some of the largest Fermi-familiar structures yet: the "eROSITA bubbles."
Visible only inX-ray emissions, these newfound bubbles are considerably less energetic (and less hot) than the Fermi blobs but are nearly as gargantuan, measuring about 45,000 light-years from end to end. Like the Fermi bubbles, these orbs of hot gas tower above and below the galactic plane in a distinct hourglass shape, pinned to the galactic center at the point where the two blobs meet.
Given their similar shape and common midpoint, it's likely that the Fermi and eROSITA bubbles share a physical connection, and probably emerged from the same eruption of galactic fireworks millions of years ago, the authors wrote in their study. What caused the bubbles to blow in the first place is still a mystery, but astronomers suspect it involves anexplosive outburst of energy from our galaxy's central black hole, Sagittarius A*.
That explanation fits for the newfound X-ray bubbles, the study authors wrote, considering the amount of energy required to inflate them. The team calculated that an energy release equivalent to that of 100,000 supernovas (powerful stellar explosions) was needed to create these structures — a figure on a par with X-ray energy releases observed in other galaxies with active black holes at their centers. Even if this hypothetical explosion is millions of years old, its traces would still be visible.
"The scars left by such outbursts take a very long time to heal," study co-author Andrea Merloni, a senior scientist at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics in Germany,said in a statement.
Merloni and his colleagues discovered the X-ray bubbles using the eROSITA X-ray telescope, which rides around the cosmos aboard the Russian-German Spektr-RG satellite. The telescope scans the entire sky every six months, constantly updating our view of the X-ray universe.
For decades, a mystery on the Moon has puzzled scientists: anomalous “hotspots” of radioactive material strewn across its surface.
Now, scientists finally have an answer, and it could have far-reaching implications for our understanding of planetary formation and even the origins of life.
The Moon had a rocky infancy. First, it was blasted into existence when Earth was hit by a Mars-sized object some 4.5 billion years ago, so the theory goes, causing it to spend its early years as a molten ball of magma. About a half-billion years later, it was cataclysmically struck by another space rock that left behind a gigantic impact crater called the South Pole–Aitken basin (SPA), which stretches some 1,600 miles across the far side of the Moon.
As the oldest, deepest, and largest impact basin on the Moon—and among the largest impact craters in the whole solar system—SPA has long fascinated scientists. In particular, the weird chemical composition of the giant ancient depression, which is unlike anything else on the far side, has defied clear explanation.
Now, a team of researchers has presented evidence that the ancient impact ejected radioactive material, in addition to other anomalous elements, from a long-lost layer that once existed between the molten mantle of the infant Moon and its crystallizing crust, and subsequently seems to have vanished from the lunar far side.
The results “have important implications for understanding the formation and evolution of the Moon”—especially why its near and far sides are so drastically different—and suggest that samples from SPA “must be considered amongst the highest-priority targets for the advancement of planetary science,” according to a study published on Friday in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets.
“This is the first time that there's been direct evidence for this kind of stratified upper mantle,” said Daniel Moriarty, a lunar scientist at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center who led the study, in a call.
“That has implications for things like the origin of life,” he said. “Since the Moon is so inextricably linked to the Earth, through its giant impact formation, it tells us a lot about the Earth as well.”
For years, scientists have been puzzled by the asymmetric distribution of the so-called KREEP signature on the Moon, which is an acronym for the chemicals potassium (atomic symbol K), rare Earth-elements (R-E-E), and phosphorus (atomic symbol P).
These elements are linked to lunar volcanism, which can partially explain why they are so heavily concentrated on the near side of the Moon, as this face was far more volcanically active in the past. But this raises the question: how did anomalous hotspots of KREEP end up in SPA, on the far side, where volcanism was rare?
One hypothesis suggests that early lunar evolution led to a sequestration of KREEP on the near side, before the Moon had begun to cool and crystallize into its current form. In this model, the weird SPA deposits are explained by some random process, such as an impact on the near side that flung some of the KREEP over to the far side.
“One of the things that people were really looking into was whether these hotspots were the result of relocated materials from the near side,” Moriarty said. “I think people were duped into this a little bit, because these materials are so prevalent on the near side and they're so closely tied to volcanic processes.”
“We show that that might not be the case,” he continued. “From the data that we look at and integrate, it looks like that [KREEP] material was excavated by a basin on the lunar far side, so it couldn't have just been sequestered in the near side. It had to be globally distributed.”
Moriarty and his colleagues were able to detect pristine remnants of this ancient radioactive ejecta, which they think is endemic to the far side, by combining data from two missions: NASA’s Lunar Prospector orbiter and the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3), an instrument that NASA contributed to India's Chandrayaan-1 lunar probe.
Lunar Prospector, which spent the late 1990s in a polar orbit around the Moon, was equipped with gamma ray and neutron spectrometers that enabled it to pick up radioactive signals on the surface. The instruments detected abundant deposits of thorium, an element that is weakly radioactive and a key tracer for KREEP, in SPA.
THE IMPACT THAT FORMED THE VAST SOUTH POLE – AITKEN BASIN ON THE LUNAR FARSIDE EXCAVATED THORIUM-BEARING MATERIALS FROM THE LUNAR MANTLE. THIS MAP SHOWS THE THORIUM CONCENTRATION ACROSS THE BASIN AS MEASURED BY LUNAR PROSPECTOR, ILLUSTRATING HOW THIS MANTLE EJECTA IS CURRENTLY DISTRIBUTED ACROSS THE LUNAR SURFACE.
IMAGE: MORIARTY ET AL
The M3 instrument, which was carried into lunar orbit by Chandrayaan-1 in 2008, was a near-infrared spectrometer that focused on mapping out the broader mineralogical properties of the lunar surface. By combining these two datasets, both from missions that died more than a decade ago, Moriarty and his colleagues were able to reveal new insights about SPA’s mysterious hotspots.
“It's the gift that keeps on giving,” Moriarty said of past Moon exploration. “Stuff from the 90s and 2000s, we're still finding out random things from.”
“The power of this study, and the power of this approach, is integrating different questions,” he added. “You couldn’t have done this with just one dataset. You need to integrate the thorium abundance from the Lunar Prospector with the distribution of mineralogy from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper because otherwise, you'd only have an incomplete piece of the picture.”
The study suggests that the KREEP layer, with its radioactive elements, existed all around the infant Moon, sandwiched between the lunar mantle and the crust, when the impact that created SPA occurred. The sheer force of that crash may have actually been the catalyst that bumped the KREEP over to the near side, but it will take more observations, research, modeling, and ideally, sample returns, to understand if, and how, that may have happened.
“Some people think that this asymmetric distribution of radioactive elements is kind of baked into the beginning,” Moriarty said. “Our paper’s showing that that's not the case. They were globally distributed, so you need something else to explain why the near side and far side are so different.”
The dimensions of this mystery extend far beyond the Moon. As humans explore the many worlds of our solar system—as well as exoplanets we have detected beyond it—our closest celestial companion, hewn from our own planet eons ago, continues to be a vital source of insights about planetary evolution writ large.
“The reason we care so much about the Moon is because it really does serve as a fundamental proxy for understanding other rocky bodies,” Moriarty said. “The variety of rocky bodies that we've observed and detected is growing by the day, so having a better fundamental understanding of how those bodies operate will help us understand the kind of the solar systems they're in and the conditions, through time, on those planets that may have been experienced.”
Fortunately, there is a pretty good chance that scientists will be able to analyze some of these highly sought-after samples soon.
“Scientifically, some of this material is available at the South Pole for the Artemis missions,” he said, referencing NASA’s plan to return humans to the Moon this decade. “That becomes a sampling priority in terms of returning this material back to Earth, because it would tell us a ton about exactly how the Moon's mantle formed and evolved.”
The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it.
A depiction of the planets orbiting the Sun as they move through space is correct, but they don't 'trail behind' as certain non-scientific videos show.
DJ SADHU / YOUTUBE
There are a lot of moving parts to the Universe, as nothing exists in isolation. There are literally trillions of large masses in our Solar System, all orbiting around the galactic center on timescales of hundreds of millions of years. But there's a viral video, parts 1and 2, that claims that as the Solar System moves through the galaxy, it makes a vortex shape, pulling the planets behind it as it does.
But our true cosmic address, and our real cosmic motion, is far more complex and interesting than a mere model such as this. Which is fascinating, because it's all governed by one simple law: General Relativity. On the largest scales, it's only gravity that determines the motion of everything, including us, as we move through the Universe.
Qualitatively, the "vortex video" has a few things right. It shows the following true facts:
The planets orbit the Sun, roughly in the same plane.
The Solar System moves through the galaxy with about a 60° angle between the galactic plane and the planetary orbital plane.
The Sun appears to move up-and-down and in-and-out with respect to the rest of the galaxy as it revolves around the Milky Way.
And those things are true. But none of them are true the way they’re shown in the video. And that’s the important difference between qualitative and quantitative.
On the largest scales, it isn't just the Earth and the Sun that move, but the entire galaxy and... [+]
NASA, ESA; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: MING SUN (UAH), AND SERGE MEUNIER
And quantitatively, we not only predict, but can measure, exactly how our motion works. It isn't a vortex, but what it is, exactly, is fascinating.
Here we are, on planet Earth, which spins on its axis and revolves around the Sun, which orbits in an ellipse around the center of the Milky Way, which is being pulled towards Andromeda within our local group, which is being pushed around inside our cosmic supercluster, Laniakea, by galactic groups, clusters, and cosmic voids, which itself lies in the KBC void amidst the large-scale structure of the Universe. After decades of research, science has finally put together the complete picture, and can quantify exactly how fast we're moving through space, on every scale.
Within the Solar System, Earth's rotation plays an important role in causing the equator to bulge,... [+]
STEELE HILL / NASA
The planets both rotate on their axis and revolve around the Sun. Even though you perceive yourself as stationary, we know — at a cosmic level — that simply isn't true. As the Earth rotates on its axis, it hurtles us through space at nearly 1700 km/hr for someone on the equator. That might sound like a big number, but relative to the other contributions to our motion through the Universe, it's barely a blip on the cosmic radar.
That’s not really all that fast, if we switch to thinking about it in terms of kilometers per second instead. The Earth spinning on its axis gives us a speed of just 0.5 km/s, or less than 0.001% the speed of light. But there are other motions that matter more.
The speed at which planets revolve around the Sun far exceeds the rotation speeds of any of them,... [+]
NASA / JPL
Much like all the planets in our Solar System, Earth orbits the Sun at a much speedier clip than its rotational speed. In order to keep us in our stable orbit where we are, we need to move at right around 30 km/s. The inner planets — Mercury and Venus — move faster, while the outer worlds like Mars (and beyond) move slower than this. The difference is severe: Mercury makes about 4 orbits for every 1 of Earth's, and it takes Neptune over 160 Earth orbits before it's completed even one revolution.
Moreover, as the planets orbit in the plane of the solar system, they change their direction-of-motion continuously, with Earth returning to its starting point after 365 days. Well, almost to its same exact starting point.
An accurate model of how the planets orbit the Sun, which then moves through the galaxy in a... [+]
RHYS TAYLOR
Because even the Sun itself isn’t stationary. Our Milky Way galaxy is huge, massive, and most importantly, is in motion. All the stars, planets, gas clouds, dust grains, black holes, dark matter and more move around inside of it, contributing to and affected by its net gravity. From our vantage point, some 25,000 light years from the galactic center, the Sun speeds around in an ellipse, making a complete revolution once every 220–250 million years or so.
It’s estimated that our Sun’s speed is around 200–220 km/s along this journey, which is quite a large number compared both Earth's rotation speed and its speed-of-revolution around the Sun, which are both inclined at an angle to the Sun's plane-of-motion around the galaxy. Throughout it, though, the planets remain in the same plane, with no "dragging" or vortex patterns emerging.
Although the Sun orbits within the plane of the Milky Way some 25,000-27,000 light years from the... [+]
SCIENCE MINUS DETAILS / HTTP://WWW.SCIENCEMINUSDETAILS.COM/
But the galaxy itself isn't stationary, but rather moves due to the gravitational attraction of all the overdense matter clumps and, equally, due to the lack of gravitational attraction from all of the underdense regions. Within our local group, we can measure our speed towards the largest, massive galaxy in our cosmic backyard: Andromeda. It appears to be moving towards our Sun at a speed of 301 km/s, which means —when we factor in the motion of the Sun through the Milky Way — that the local group's two most massive galaxies, Andromeda and the Milky Way, are headed towards each other at a speed of around 109 km/s.
The largest galaxy in the Local Group, Andromeda, appears small and insignificant next to the Milky... [+]
SCIENCETV ON YOUTUBE / SCREENSHOT
The Local Group, as massive as it is, isn't completely isolated. The other galaxies and clusters of galaxies in our vicinity all pull on us, and even the more distant clumps of matter exert a gravitational force. Based on what we can see, measure, and calculate, these structures appear to cause an additional motion of approximately 300 km/s, but in a somewhat different direction than all the other motions, put together. And that explains part, but not all, of the large-scale motion through the Universe. There's also one more important effect at play, one that was quantified only recently: the gravitational repulsion of cosmic voids.
The various galaxies of the Virgo Supercluster, grouped and clustered together. On the largest... [+]
ANDREW Z. COLVIN, VIA WIKIMEDIA COMMONS
For every atom or particle of matter in the Universe that clusters together in an overdense region, there's a region of once-average density that's lost the equivalent amount of mass. Just as a region that's more dense than average will preferentially attract you, a region that's less dense than average will attract you with a below-average amount of force. If you get a large region of space with less matter than average in it, that lack-of-attraction effectively behaves as a repellent force, just as extra attraction behaves as an attractive one. In our Universe, opposite to the location of our greatest nearby overdensities, is a great underdense void. Since we're in between these two regions, the attractive and repulsive forces add up, with each one contributing approximately 300 km/s and the total approaching 600 km/s.
The gravitational attraction (blue) of overdense regions and the relative repulsion (red) of the... [+]
µYEHUDA HOFFMAN, DANIEL POMARÈDE, R. BRENT TULLY, AND HÉLÈNE COURTOIS, NATURE ASTRONOMY 1, 0036 (2017)
When you add all of these motions together: the Earth spinning, the Earth revolving around the Sun, the Sun moving around the galaxy, the Milky Way headed towards Andromeda, and the local group being attracted to the overdense regions and repulsed by the underdense ones, we can get a number for how fast we're actually moving through the Universe at any given instant. We find that the total motion comes out to 368 km/s in a particular direction, plus or minus about 30 km/s, depending on what time of year it is and which direction the Earth is moving. This is confirmed by measurements of the cosmic microwave background, which appears preferentially hotter in the direction we're moving, and preferentially colder in the direction opposite to our motion.
The leftover glow from the Big Bang is 3.36 millikelvin hotter in one (the red) direction than... [+]
DELABROUILLE, J. ET AL.ASTRON.ASTROPHYS. 553 (2013) A96
If we ignore the Earth's rotation and revolution around the Sun, we find that our Solar System is moving relative to the CMB at 368 ± 2 km/s. When you throw in the motion of the local group, you get that all of it — the Milky Way, Andromeda, the Triangulum galaxy and all the others — are moving at 627 ± 22 km/s relative to the CMB. That larger uncertainty, by the way, is mostly due to uncertainty in the Sun's motion around the galactic center, which is the most difficult component to measure.
The relative attractive and repulsive effects of overdense and underdense regions on the Milky Way.... [+]
YEHUDA HOFFMAN, DANIEL POMARÈDE, R. BRENT TULLY, AND HÉLÈNE COURTOIS, NATURE ASTRONOMY 1, 0036 (2017)
We know exactly how the Earth moves through the Universe, and it's both beautiful and simple. Our planet and all the planets orbit the Sun in a plane, and the entire plane moves in an elliptical orbit through the galaxy. Since every star in the galaxy also moves in an ellipse, we see ourselves appear to pass in-and-out of the galactic plane periodically, on timescales of tens of millions of years, while it takes around 200-250 million years to complete one orbit around the Milky Way. The other cosmic motions all contribute, too: the Milky Way within the Local Group, the Local Group in our Supercluster, and all of it with respect to the rest-frame of the Universe.
The Solar System isn't a vortex, but rather the sum of all our great cosmic motions. Thanks to the incredible science of astronomy and astrophysics, we at last understand, to tremendous precision, exactly what that is.
The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it.
A depiction of the planets orbiting the Sun as they move through space is correct, but they don't 'trail behind' as certain non-scientific videos show.
DJ SADHU / YOUTUBE
There are a lot of moving parts to the Universe, as nothing exists in isolation. There are literally trillions of large masses in our Solar System, all orbiting around the galactic center on timescales of hundreds of millions of years. But there's a viral video, parts 1and 2, that claims that as the Solar System moves through the galaxy, it makes a vortex shape, pulling the planets behind it as it does.
But our true cosmic address, and our real cosmic motion, is far more complex and interesting than a mere model such as this. Which is fascinating, because it's all governed by one simple law: General Relativity. On the largest scales, it's only gravity that determines the motion of everything, including us, as we move through the Universe.
Qualitatively, the "vortex video" has a few things right. It shows the following true facts:
The planets orbit the Sun, roughly in the same plane.
The Solar System moves through the galaxy with about a 60° angle between the galactic plane and the planetary orbital plane.
The Sun appears to move up-and-down and in-and-out with respect to the rest of the galaxy as it revolves around the Milky Way.
And those things are true. But none of them are true the way they’re shown in the video. And that’s the important difference between qualitative and quantitative.
On the largest scales, it isn't just the Earth and the Sun that move, but the entire galaxy and... [+]
NASA, ESA; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: MING SUN (UAH), AND SERGE MEUNIER
And quantitatively, we not only predict, but can measure, exactly how our motion works. It isn't a vortex, but what it is, exactly, is fascinating.
Here we are, on planet Earth, which spins on its axis and revolves around the Sun, which orbits in an ellipse around the center of the Milky Way, which is being pulled towards Andromeda within our local group, which is being pushed around inside our cosmic supercluster, Laniakea, by galactic groups, clusters, and cosmic voids, which itself lies in the KBC void amidst the large-scale structure of the Universe. After decades of research, science has finally put together the complete picture, and can quantify exactly how fast we're moving through space, on every scale.
Within the Solar System, Earth's rotation plays an important role in causing the equator to bulge,... [+]
STEELE HILL / NASA
The planets both rotate on their axis and revolve around the Sun. Even though you perceive yourself as stationary, we know — at a cosmic level — that simply isn't true. As the Earth rotates on its axis, it hurtles us through space at nearly 1700 km/hr for someone on the equator. That might sound like a big number, but relative to the other contributions to our motion through the Universe, it's barely a blip on the cosmic radar.
That’s not really all that fast, if we switch to thinking about it in terms of kilometers per second instead. The Earth spinning on its axis gives us a speed of just 0.5 km/s, or less than 0.001% the speed of light. But there are other motions that matter more.
The speed at which planets revolve around the Sun far exceeds the rotation speeds of any of them,... [+]
NASA / JPL
Much like all the planets in our Solar System, Earth orbits the Sun at a much speedier clip than its rotational speed. In order to keep us in our stable orbit where we are, we need to move at right around 30 km/s. The inner planets — Mercury and Venus — move faster, while the outer worlds like Mars (and beyond) move slower than this. The difference is severe: Mercury makes about 4 orbits for every 1 of Earth's, and it takes Neptune over 160 Earth orbits before it's completed even one revolution.
Moreover, as the planets orbit in the plane of the solar system, they change their direction-of-motion continuously, with Earth returning to its starting point after 365 days. Well, almost to its same exact starting point.
An accurate model of how the planets orbit the Sun, which then moves through the galaxy in a... [+]
RHYS TAYLOR
Because even the Sun itself isn’t stationary. Our Milky Way galaxy is huge, massive, and most importantly, is in motion. All the stars, planets, gas clouds, dust grains, black holes, dark matter and more move around inside of it, contributing to and affected by its net gravity. From our vantage point, some 25,000 light years from the galactic center, the Sun speeds around in an ellipse, making a complete revolution once every 220–250 million years or so.
It’s estimated that our Sun’s speed is around 200–220 km/s along this journey, which is quite a large number compared both Earth's rotation speed and its speed-of-revolution around the Sun, which are both inclined at an angle to the Sun's plane-of-motion around the galaxy. Throughout it, though, the planets remain in the same plane, with no "dragging" or vortex patterns emerging.
Although the Sun orbits within the plane of the Milky Way some 25,000-27,000 light years from the... [+]
SCIENCE MINUS DETAILS / HTTP://WWW.SCIENCEMINUSDETAILS.COM/
But the galaxy itself isn't stationary, but rather moves due to the gravitational attraction of all the overdense matter clumps and, equally, due to the lack of gravitational attraction from all of the underdense regions. Within our local group, we can measure our speed towards the largest, massive galaxy in our cosmic backyard: Andromeda. It appears to be moving towards our Sun at a speed of 301 km/s, which means —when we factor in the motion of the Sun through the Milky Way — that the local group's two most massive galaxies, Andromeda and the Milky Way, are headed towards each other at a speed of around 109 km/s.
The largest galaxy in the Local Group, Andromeda, appears small and insignificant next to the Milky... [+]
SCIENCETV ON YOUTUBE / SCREENSHOT
The Local Group, as massive as it is, isn't completely isolated. The other galaxies and clusters of galaxies in our vicinity all pull on us, and even the more distant clumps of matter exert a gravitational force. Based on what we can see, measure, and calculate, these structures appear to cause an additional motion of approximately 300 km/s, but in a somewhat different direction than all the other motions, put together. And that explains part, but not all, of the large-scale motion through the Universe. There's also one more important effect at play, one that was quantified only recently: the gravitational repulsion of cosmic voids.
The various galaxies of the Virgo Supercluster, grouped and clustered together. On the largest... [+]
ANDREW Z. COLVIN, VIA WIKIMEDIA COMMONS
For every atom or particle of matter in the Universe that clusters together in an overdense region, there's a region of once-average density that's lost the equivalent amount of mass. Just as a region that's more dense than average will preferentially attract you, a region that's less dense than average will attract you with a below-average amount of force. If you get a large region of space with less matter than average in it, that lack-of-attraction effectively behaves as a repellent force, just as extra attraction behaves as an attractive one. In our Universe, opposite to the location of our greatest nearby overdensities, is a great underdense void. Since we're in between these two regions, the attractive and repulsive forces add up, with each one contributing approximately 300 km/s and the total approaching 600 km/s.
The gravitational attraction (blue) of overdense regions and the relative repulsion (red) of the... [+]
µYEHUDA HOFFMAN, DANIEL POMARÈDE, R. BRENT TULLY, AND HÉLÈNE COURTOIS, NATURE ASTRONOMY 1, 0036 (2017)
When you add all of these motions together: the Earth spinning, the Earth revolving around the Sun, the Sun moving around the galaxy, the Milky Way headed towards Andromeda, and the local group being attracted to the overdense regions and repulsed by the underdense ones, we can get a number for how fast we're actually moving through the Universe at any given instant. We find that the total motion comes out to 368 km/s in a particular direction, plus or minus about 30 km/s, depending on what time of year it is and which direction the Earth is moving. This is confirmed by measurements of the cosmic microwave background, which appears preferentially hotter in the direction we're moving, and preferentially colder in the direction opposite to our motion.
The leftover glow from the Big Bang is 3.36 millikelvin hotter in one (the red) direction than... [+]
DELABROUILLE, J. ET AL.ASTRON.ASTROPHYS. 553 (2013) A96
If we ignore the Earth's rotation and revolution around the Sun, we find that our Solar System is moving relative to the CMB at 368 ± 2 km/s. When you throw in the motion of the local group, you get that all of it — the Milky Way, Andromeda, the Triangulum galaxy and all the others — are moving at 627 ± 22 km/s relative to the CMB. That larger uncertainty, by the way, is mostly due to uncertainty in the Sun's motion around the galactic center, which is the most difficult component to measure.
The relative attractive and repulsive effects of overdense and underdense regions on the Milky Way.... [+]
YEHUDA HOFFMAN, DANIEL POMARÈDE, R. BRENT TULLY, AND HÉLÈNE COURTOIS, NATURE ASTRONOMY 1, 0036 (2017)
We know exactly how the Earth moves through the Universe, and it's both beautiful and simple. Our planet and all the planets orbit the Sun in a plane, and the entire plane moves in an elliptical orbit through the galaxy. Since every star in the galaxy also moves in an ellipse, we see ourselves appear to pass in-and-out of the galactic plane periodically, on timescales of tens of millions of years, while it takes around 200-250 million years to complete one orbit around the Milky Way. The other cosmic motions all contribute, too: the Milky Way within the Local Group, the Local Group in our Supercluster, and all of it with respect to the rest-frame of the Universe.
The Solar System isn't a vortex, but rather the sum of all our great cosmic motions. Thanks to the incredible science of astronomy and astrophysics, we at last understand, to tremendous precision, exactly what that is.
FORMER CIA DIRECTOR: “UFOS COULD BE MANNED BY LIFE FORMS BEYOND THE PHYSICAL WORLD”
FORMER CIA DIRECTOR: “UFOS COULD BE MANNED BY LIFE FORMS BEYOND THE PHYSICAL WORLD”
Every week we are surprised by a new revelation referring to the UFO and extraterrestrial phenomenon . On this occasion, a former CIA director has reported that UFOs would be manned by “other forms of life.”
In a new interview, former CIA Director John Brennan , who served under former US President Barack Obama for four years, grappled with Pentagon UFO videos that appeared publicly in an investigative report from The New York Times in 2017.
Brennan said during the interview conducted by the Mercatus Center at George Mason University :
“I have seen some of those videos of the Navy pilots, and I must tell you that they are quite amazing when you look at them.”
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena
The 2017 NYT report shed light on a secret Pentagon operation created to investigate the mysteries surrounding the sightings of “unidentified aerial phenomena.”
Several videos, recently declassified by the Pentagon, showed what appear to be unidentified objects flying in unusual patterns. A video, originally captured in 2004 by Navy pilots, showed a “tick tock” shaped object rapidly ascending as pilots approached it about 100 miles off the Pacific coast.
Revelations
Brennan said:
“You try to make sure you have as much data as possible in terms of images and also different types of sensor collection, maybe technical, that you have at the time. You really have to approach it with an open mind, but get as much data as possible and get as much applied experience as possible. “
When asked about his views on theories surrounding extraterrestrial life, Brennan avoided being too literal.
Brennan said:
“Life is defined in many different ways. I think it is a bit presumptuous and arrogant of us to believe that there is no other form of life anywhere in the universe. “
When asked what he thinks about whether unknown objects are manned by aliens, Brennan suggested the notion that they could be very different life forms than what we know, even beyond the physical world.
Brennan added:
“But I think that some of the phenomena that we will see remain unexplained and could, in fact, be the result of something that we do not yet understand and that could involve some type of activity that some could say constitutes a different way of life.
In response to Brennan’s response, the interviewer asked, “As an agnostic, don’t you think it’s supernatural?”
To which Brennan replied: Well, the supernatural is in the eye of the beholder. But it’s not something I would rule out. That is why I am an agnostic instead of an atheist. I just want to leave my mind open about what something could be. Who knows what these things could be?
Brennan also indicated that all the revelations given to this day are a matter to be approached with an open mind, but always obtaining the greatest amount of data and experiences.
Everything seems to indicate that the disclosures will continue, in a process that could be the prelude to a big announcement in the coming years. The question that arises is: are we ready for an extraterrestrial revelation ?
Those interested in proving the existence of alien species are no doubt familiar with Frank Drake’s Equation which estimated the number of possible alien civilizations in the Milky Way in the millions, and with Enrico Fermi’s paradox, asking “But where is everybody?”. Now we have a new calculation which, in a strange way, combines the Drake Equation and Fermi’s Paradox into a new astrobiological posit which agrees with Drake on the possibility of alien civilizations in the Milky Way and answers Fermi’s question with, ‘They’re all dead.’ What do we call this formula – the Cemetery Calculation? The Dead Didactic? The Morbid Musing?
“In the field of Astrobiology, the precise location, prevalence and age of potential extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI) have not been explicitly explored. Here, we address these inquiries using an empirical galactic simulation model to analyze the spatial-temporal variations and the prevalence of potential ETI within the Galaxy. This model estimates the occurrence of ETI, providing guidance on where to look for intelligent life in the Search for ETI (SETI) with a set of criteria, including well-established astrophysical properties of the Milky Way.”
In a new study published in the arXiv database, Jonathan H. Jiang, an astrophysicist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory at Caltech, two other Caltech physicists and one high school student, explain their quest to update calculations like Drake’s Equation with new data learned through the use of the Hubble Space Telescope and Kepler Space Telescope. That information – new numbers on stars with Earth-like planets and habitable zones, frequency of deadly radiation, etc. – along with further psychological studies on the propensity of the one so-called intelligent species we know of to destroy itself, was fed into a new model of the evolution of the Milky Way galaxy. Live Science reports on the results:
“They found that the probability of life emerging based on known factors peaked about 13,000 light-years from the galactic center and 8 billion years after the galaxy formed. Earth, by comparison, is about 25,000 light-years from the galactic center, and human civilization arose on the planet’s surface about 13.5 billion years after the Milky Way formed (though simple life emerged soon after the planet formed.)”
This means a lot of intelligent civilizations should have formed in the Milky Way before ours. And, for all of the Fermi-wannabes out there:
“Even if the galaxy reached its civilizational peak more than 5 billion years ago, most of the civilizations that were around then have likely self-annihilated.”
You may have noticed that they concluded “most” civilizations. That means a few should still be around, right?
“Even an extraordinarily low chance of a given civilization wiping itself out in any given century — say, via nuclear holocaust or runaway climate change — would mean that the overwhelming majority of peak Milky Way civilizations are already gone.”
For SETI optimists, the study concludes that the glass is microscopically full – not even enough in it to toast with in the event that another lonely intelligent civilization somehow finds us in the vastness of the Milky Way. Is that enough incentive to keep listening anyway?
Do you find yourself turning the cup over to drink the last drop of coffee? There’s your answer.
My good friend, cryptozoologist, and former zoo-keeper, Richard Freeman, has very generously let me use the following. It’s Rich’s very own words on Bryan Sykes, who sadly died just a few days ago, and who Rich knew well. With that said, over to Rich, who wrote this before Sykes passed away: “Many books have been written on mystery hominids and hominins over the years including a number of classic titles. Ivan T Sanderson’s Abominable Snowmen: A Legend Come to Life, Ralph Izzard’s Abominable Snowman Adventure and Janet and Colin Board’s Bigfoot Casebook spring to mind. The Nature of The Beast is something quite different to anything that has come before. Not only is it the best book ever written on the subject, it is the most important. The book is authored by Professor Bryan Sykes one of the world’s leading geneticists. Sykes is Professor of Human Genetics of Oxford University. For a scientist of such standing, to put his head over the parapet in such a contentious subject takes a lot of guts but the end result is worth it.
“Together with Michel Sartori the Director of the Museum of Zoology in Lausanne, Switzerland Professor Sykes instigated The Oxford-Lausanne Collateral Hominid Project. The idea was to bring hard science into the search for man-like monsters. Sykes and Satori invited people to send them supposed hair samples from unknown primates such as the yeti, sasquatch, almasty and orang pendek.
Sykes has researched human origins for over twenty-five years via the study of mitochondrial DNA. This is inherited from the maternal line and is generally the best preserved DNA. Mitochondria are found between the call wall and nucleus of each cell and release energy, ergo they are relatively abundant. Simply put the Professor has perfected a technique that examines a DNA segment called 12S RNA, part of a gene that helps mitochondria assemble the enzymes required for aerobic metabolism. This sequence is known for all known species of mammal. Hence there could be no confusion in any sample sent to the Project, they would be from one of the known species or from something new. A hypothetical new species could have its place on the genetic tree revealed by its closeness to other species. This meant that human contamination could be avoided. Even Neanderthal 12S RNA differs from modern man.
“The book is the result of the analysis of thirty samples sent to the project and the Professor’s own travels and personal researches. Sykes finds himself in the wilds of the American North West listening to what may or may not be an unseen sasquatch banging the walls of tunnel beneath a tree. He ventures to Russia, home of the Snowman Commission, an official government backed project to hunt hominins in the former Soviet Union. Set up in the 1950s it only lasted three years but has recently been re-formed. The Russian scientists he meets are all confirmed believers and oddly seem to think it important that Bryan only published positive results from his work and not negative. At the museum in Lausanne he examines the massive wealth of information, clippings, letters and writing bequeathed by Dr Bernard Heuvelmans, the man widely excepted to have created the discipline of cryptozoology in its modern form. There is a highly interesting chapter on the Minnesota Iceman debacle were Heuvelmans and his friend the Scottish zoologist Ivan T Sanderson seem to have been duped by a clever fake, a faux ape-man in a block of ice. Correspondence between the two does not show the ‘father of cryptozoology’ in the best of lights.
The Professor meets modern explorers and cryptozoologists such as Jon Downes and myself at the Centre for Fortean Zoology, Loren Coleman, Dr Jeff Meldrum and the mountaineer Reinhold Messner. The hair samples were collected from all across the world and sent in to the Project. Each and every one turned out to be from known species. Bears, horses, humans and goats were among the creatures found to be the former owners of the hairs.
Richard Freeman (picture taken by Nick Redfern)
“The book is completely honest and open in its treatment of the subject. The Professor is clear in pointing out that just because these samples turned out to be from known species this does not mean that anomalous primates do not exist. Sykes criticizes some cryptozoologists for not being rigorous enough and going through the right channels in the analysis of samples. He equally lambasts some scientists for rejecting the notion of large unknown creatures out of hand. Despite the negative results of the hair analysis the Professors personal view is more positive.
“Funnily enough, even though there were no anomalous primates in among the hairs I tested, I think my view has altered more to ‘something out there’ than the reverse. The change of heart comes from speaking to several people, some not even mentioned in The Nature of the Beast, who have nothing to gain but who have seen things in good light while in the company of other witnesses, that are hard to explain otherwise. To automatically reject these accounts is just as blinkered as accepting that every broken branch has been snapped or twisted by a sasquatch.
“In the books stunning postscript, the Professor’s optimism may just have been proven well founded. This section of the book astounded me so much I had to re-read it in order to make sure I had not been mistaken. The Professor may now be on the edge of a jaw dropping discovery. Whilst in Russia he was able to secure a tooth from a remarkable skull once owned by the Darwin Museum in Moscow but subsequently sold to a private collector. The skull was from a man named Khwit. Khwit who died in the early 1950s was said to be one of several hybrid children born from an almasty mother and a human farther. The almasty are said to be large, powerfully built, hair covered wild people reported from the mountains of Russia and the former USSR. They are more man-like than the yeti but clearly not modern humans.
“In the 1850s a female almasty was captured in a forested region of what is now Abkhazia in the Caucasus. Tall, muscular with an ape-like face and covered in reddish black hair she was named Zana. Zana was taken to the farm of a local nobleman in the village of T’khina. She finally became tame and could do menial tasks around the farm with her immense strength. She never learned speech but made inarticulate noises. Zana became the mother of a number of hybrid children via a village man Edgi Genaba. The first two children died after their mother tried to wash them in a cold river. Subsequent children were taken from her and raised by villagers. The two boys, Dzhanda and Khwit Genaba (born 1878 and 1884), and the two girls, Kodzhanar and Gamasa Genaba (born 1880 and 1882), were assimilated into normal society, married, and had families of their own. Zana herself died in 1890. Russian researchers located the grave of Khwit and recovered his skull.
“Extracting mitochondrial DNA from the tooth Professor Sykes found that it was 100% sub-Saharan African. This was confusing as Zana was clearly no kind of modern human. Her behaviour and appearance seemed to be far more primitive than a Neanderthal. Further work showed the DNA was from an exceptionally ancient lineage from Western Africa and furthermore it may have been pre Homo sapien. Sykes thinks that this lineage may have left Africa over 150,000 years ago, before modern man. If he is correct than Zana may have been an unknown species of pre-human hominin, a species still lurking in the Caucasus and other areas today. I was in recent e-mail contact with Professor Sykes. Like all good scientists he is proceeding with caution. He and another geneticist are still working on the sample. He has likened Zana’s DNA to old fragments of old photographs that have filtered down through time. I await the results with baited breath. The Nature of the Beast could easily have been a dry tome but it is written in a highly entertaining and accessible manner yet without losing its scientific credibility, a very impressive feat. It is a must read for any cryptozoologist or fortean.” There’s no doubt about that at all; a superb book from a man who will be greatly missed.
Craniums and Controversies of the Chachapoya Cloud Warriors
Craniums and Controversies of the Chachapoya Cloud Warriors
Over a thousand years ago, in the mists of the cloud forests of northern Peru, near the source of the mighty Amazon River, the Cloud Warriors reigned supreme. Long before the emergence of the Inca State , these mysterious, shamanic warlords ruled a vast swath of the Andes before being defeated by the Inca, abandoning their great citadel, and vanishing into history. In recent decades, additional archaeological evidence has come to light from two primary sources, the fortress city known as Kuelap, and the cliff face necropolis at the Lagoon of the Condors. Because these cultures left no written records (that we’re currently aware of), the only sources of information relating to them were native, oral traditions, and documentary accounts by early European explorers, which has lead to centuries of speculation and controversy.
Kuelap and the Lagoon of the Condors
Rising up nearly ten thousand feet (3,048 m.) above the Utcubamba Valley, surrounded by clouds, orchids, and epiphytes, the walled settlement of Kuelap dominates the landscape. Sometimes called the Machu Picchu of the North, Kuelap is an underrated wonder of the ancient world. The perimeter walls of the settlement are sixty feet (thirty meters) high, protecting over four-hundred circular dwelling structures which originally had thatched conical roofs, which is absolutely anomalous in pre-Columbianarchitecture. There are many other features unique to Andean civilization, like the twenty-foot (7 m.) tall defensive towers from which stone spheres were used as projectiles from slings.
In 1997, about 500 miles (805 km) to the north of Kuelap, over two hundred mummies were discovered high in the cliffs around this remote lake. The mummies were wrapped in seated positions and sealed within individualized, anthropomorphic sarcophagi overlooking the lake, all of which is highly abnormal amongst Andean cultures. Many of the mummies had been looted, and some had strange cranial features such as elongated skulls or holes from trepanning (a premortem cavity drilled into the skull). Kuelap also had human skulls embedded within the walls, which also isplayed stone sculptures of decapitated victims.
The two hundred mummies discovered at the lake were astonishingly well preserved considering how humid the region is. Scientists later discovered that the caves and crags that the Cloud People modified in mausoleums are very cold and dry microclimates, perfectly suited for long term preservation. Scores of human remains, artifacts, and biological remnants were discovered at Kuelap, including hallucinogenic plants, sacrificial animal bones, and stone weapons.
Evidence of violence and fire were discovered at Kuelap, random age and gender skeletons were discovered in scattered, open locations, suggesting they were not interred there, but rather, that they died suddenly in that spot. The two-hundred and thirty mummies are now quietly kept at the Museo Leymebamba, but the remains and artifacts from Kuelap are not being displayed, publicly studied, and their exact location is unknown.
Archaeological remains, including a reconstructed circular dwelling, at Kuelap in Peru, a walled settlement built by the Chachapoya culture.
Controversies Regarding the Origins of the Chachapoya Cloud Warriors
The Routledge Handbook of the Bioarcheology of Human Conflict quotes the European chronicler Pedro Cieza de Leon’s 1553 description of the Cloud People:
“Among the Chachapoya Huayna Capac (an Incan ruler) met great resistance, so much that twice he had to make hasty retreat to the fortresses he had built for defense. But with reinforcements brought to him, he marched on the Chachapoyas once more and inflicted such a defeat on them that they sued for peace and laid down their arms. The Inca granted them favorable terms and ordered many of them to take up their residence in Cuzco, where their descendants still live; he took many of their women because they are handsome and comely and very white; he set up garrisons of mitimaes as soldiers, to guard the frontier .”
This description, combined with several others, the anomalous and Old World nature of their architecture and funerary practices, have lead to many theories that the Chachapoya originated in Europe or Eurasia.
Hail to Independent Researcher #1: Dr. Hans Giffhorn
In 1998, German professor Dr. Hans Giffhorn journeyed to the remote cloud forests of northern Peru in search of a rare hummingbird, but left bewildered by what he had seen: the ruins of Kuelap. In his essay “Chachapoya: Was America Discovered in Ancient Times,” Bell explains how Giffhorn reasoned the most irrefutable hypothesis for the Chachapoya having migrated from the Old World.
Giffhorn identified six complex and typical cultural traditions which appeared out of nowhere, which are inadequately explained by archaeologists and which are essential to testing theories regarding the origins of Chachapoya culture. They manifest in a) Kuelap construction methods, b) trophy heads and head sculptures, c) funerary (fetal positioning and high up in inaccessible cliffs), d) unique trepanation techniques, and e) the fabrication and utilization of stone projectile slings.
After sixteen years of research, Giffhorn found strong evidence linking the sudden, aboriginal emergence of Chachapoya Culture to Old World Cultures that matched the previously mentioned criteria. Specifically, he reasoned that these practices mirrored Galacian, Celtiberian, and Balearic traditions. Even the casual observer can make the obvious connection between the Celtic Castros Ruins of the Spanish Islands to these ruins in Northern Peru; furthermore, the principal weapon of both cultures was the sling and stone sphere projectile.
According to mainstream archaeologists, the sling first emerged in South America at this time and in this region, and the pattern runs much deeper, circular stone dwellings, towers, trepanation, elongated skulls , these aspects can be traced across islands of the Mediterranean and far into prehistory. But possibly the most intriguing link is the unique practice of wearing these slings tied around the head, which is practiced even today by the Majorcans (modern descendants of Celtiberians), and was found to be practiced by the Cloud Warriors who were mummified with their slings tied around their heads.
The Lagoon of the Condors, also known as the Lagoon of the Mummies, is famous because of the cliff face mausoleums containing ancient mummies.
Returning to the trusty but dusty Bioarcheological Handbook of Human Conflict , a long pattern of skulls crushed by and the use of the stone projectiles is cultural phenomenon that can help us trace ancient migratory patterns. “Cilingiroglu (2005) argues that sling missiles, either of clay or stone, are found repeatedly throughout Southwest Asia, Anatolia, and Southeast Europe during the PPN (pre-pottery Neolithic), suggesting that slings were known to the Neolithic peoples around the Mediterranean.”
When putting these cultural puzzle pieces together in a macro, ancient perspective, it becomes rather obvious that there was a fractured migration and assimilation of people radiating outwards from the Black/Caspian Sea/Caucus Mountain region. This culture’s footprints can be traced by the trail left behind of elongated skulls, stone slings, trepanned craniums, towers, megalithic structures, sacrificial and mummification funerary practices, but it is DNA that is the smoking gun key to unlocking exactly who these people were, unfortunately, academic and scientific authorities are desperately evading these analyses because to bring them to light would be catastrophic to the human history narrative they have been peddling for the past two centuries.
Celts and Gauls: Similarities to the Chachapoya Cloud Warriors
Who were these Mediterranean island dwellers with such similar culture? Ancient Greek historians like Strabo and Diodorus Siculus in his Bibliotheca Historica (volume eighteen, book six, chapter five), have some interesting reports about the Balearic Island inhabitants. They tell that the inhabitants would live naked or clad only in sheepskins until they were colonized by the Phoenicians, who admired their legendary skill with the sling and employed them as mercenaries.
They also tell of how they used to live in artificial caves and hollow rocks, they were insatiably lusty, and had very peculiar marriage and funerary customs compared to those of the Hellenistic observer. The etymology of the Celts and Gauls is suspected by scholars to have Proto-Celtic tribal roots. They were known as galno which in Old Irish means power, ferocity, or strength, although linguist Patrizia De Bernardo Stempel believes this term to be coined by the Greeks and translates as the tall ones.
Is there any other evidence to corroborate Giffhorn’s theory? Independent researcher Brien Foerster (who deserves a medal for striving to genetically analyze skeletons of the Paracas Culture ), has uncovered genetic evidence that links the ancient inhabitants of Southern Peru (who had elongated skulls , auburn hair, practiced trepanation, and were wiped out) to Eurasia. In his book Beyond the Black Sea: The Mysterious Paracas of Peru , Forester has successfully identified traces of DNA haplogroups and blood types that should not exist according to the mainstream human history narrative.
If the conventional narrative were accurate, the genes of ancient South Americans should be relatively monolithic and so should their blood types (meaning haplogroups A-D, mostly B, and blood type O). However, Forester has discovered the strong presence of haplogroups H, U, and R along with several other discoveries that challenge the narrative and strongly suggest a migration from another part of the world.
Forester also points out that when Francisco Pizzaro asked who these pale skinned, red haired people were, the Incareplied that they were the last descendants of Viracocha (a fair skinned, bearded Incan deity/demi-god). “The Viracochas, they said, were a race of divine white men with beards. They were so like the Spanish that the Europeans were called Viracochas the moment they came to the Inca Empire. The Inca supposedly thought that they were the Viracochas who had come sailing back.” A similar instance allegedly occurred between the Aztecs, Hernan Cortes, and their belief that hey was Quetzalcoatl (another or possibly the same fair skinned, bearded Mesoamerican deity) returning from across the sea.
Intriguing Discoveries: Father Crespi’s Collection and Manuscript No. 512
Not too far north of the Chachapoya stronghold, in an Ecuadorian government bank vault, are curious artifacts that were the vast collection of Salesian monk known as Father Crespi . In short, Father Carlos Crespi Coci was an Italian monk/missionary who accumulated great favor with local Ecuadorian tribes due to his endless warmth and generosity, and to repay him for his kindness, the natives began presenting him with strange relics allegedly from a great hoard hidden away in a remote cave. Father Crespi correctly identified some of the iconography to be of Mesopotamian origin, but upon his death, the Ecuadorian government swooped in and acquired his collection only to squirrel it away in bank vault where it remains to this day gathering dust and not being studied.
Legendary explorer Percy Fawcett, who vanished in 1925 searching for lost cities in the Amazon, discovered an intriguing document in the Rio de Janeiro library archives in 1920. The document included the 1743 report of a Portuguese expedition who had came upon a massive stone city near where the Amazon Jungle meets the Andean Mountains (the Chachapoya region). The stone included inscriptions that were explicitly described and decades later were observed to resemble Celtic Ogham, an extinct Irish language. The expedition also reported being followed by “white Indians” and when Fawcett himself explored the area, he also documented the sparse presence of fair-skinned, red or blonde haired tribal people.
The Chachapoya mummies should be archaeological superstars. Does their DNA link these ancient inhabitants of Southern Peru to a migration from another part of the world?
Curious and Contradictory Remarks of the Authorities
Dr. Sonia Guillen is the leading authority on Peruvian mummies and the director of the Museo Leymebamba which houses the collection of Chachapoya mummies . In 2017, in an interview with an Egyptian mummy expert, Guillen was asked about genetic testing of the mummies, to which she expressed that it was “ongoing” and that it was difficult to obtain “scientifically sound” genetic material from the mummies.
This is a valid point. The public commonly believes that it’s a simple matter of sending of material and awaiting results (it’s not). But shortly after this remark, Guillen states that scientifically sound material has been harvested from “most” of the mummies. She then concludes with an extremely odd statement “then we have the problem of what do we compare them to?”
These mummies should be archaeological superstars. At least a couple dozen of them should be touring the planet to the amazement of the public and delight of scientists worldwide. Instead, no genetic results have ever been published. In relation to Guillen’s final statement about comparisons, the only possibility for comparison is of course the compendium of all human genetic data: GenBank. It almost seems like Guillen is accidentally or deliberately revealing that there’s something genetically anomalous about these mummies which defies comparison.
Top image:The sarcophagi of Carajia, the emblematic image of the lost Chachapoya culture.
NOAA’s 2020 Arctic Report Card describes a region that is warming even more rapidly than scientists expected.
NOAA’s 15th annual Arctic Report Card, released December 8, 2020, catalogs the many ways that climate change has continued to disrupt the polar region this year, including the second-highest air temperatures and second-lowest summer sea ice, the loss of snow and extraordinary wildfires in northern Russia.
Rick Thoman, of the International Arctic Research Center, is one of three editors of this year’s report card. Thoman said in a statement:
Taken as a whole, the story is unambiguous. The transformation of the Arctic to a warmer, less frozen and biologically changed region is well underway.
First issued in 2006, the Arctic Report Card is a peer-reviewed compilation of observations and analyses of the current state of the Arctic environment from scientists and experts around the world. This year’s update consists of 16 essays by a team of 133 researchers from 15 different countries. Read the full 2020 Arctic Report Card.
NOAA listed some of this year’s significant findings:
The average annual land-surface air temperature in the Arctic measured between October 2019 and September 2020 was the second-warmest since record-keeping began in 1900, and was responsible for driving a cascade of impacts across Arctic ecosystems during the year. Nine of the past 10 years saw air temperatures at least 1 degree C (1.8 degrees F) above the 1981-2010 mean. Arctic temperatures for the past six years have all exceeded previous records.
Extremely high temperatures across Siberia during spring 2020 resulted in the lowest June snow extent across the Eurasian Arctic observed in the past 54 years.
The 2020 Arctic minimum sea ice extent reached in September was the second-lowest in the satellite record. Overall thickness of the sea ice cover is also decreasing as Arctic ice has transformed from an older, thicker, and stronger ice mass to a younger, thinner more fragile ice mass in the past decade.
The MOSAiC Expedition, the yearlong expedition based from the Polarstern icebreaker in the central Arctic Ocean, drifted much faster than anticipated through thinner ice than expected, experiencing sea ice dynamics that complicated the scientific mission.
Extreme wildfires in the Sakha Republic of northern Russia during 2020 coincided with unparalleled warm air temperatures and record snow loss in the region.
Pacific Arctic bowhead whales have rebounded in the past 30 years, due to increases in both local plankton blooms and transport of increased krill and other food sources northward through the Bering Strait, a signal of long-term warming in the Arctic Ocean.
Bottom line: NOAA’s 2020 Arctic Report Card catalogs the ways climate change has continued to disrupt the polar region this year, with the 2nd-highest air temperatures and 2nd-lowest summer sea ice on record, the loss of snow and extraordinary wildfires in northern Russia. Watch video highlights.
Just when you thought 2020 couldn’t get any worse …
Just when you thought 2020 couldn’t get any worse, University of Copenhagen researchers have discovered two new fungus species that are able to infect and kill flies from within, but keep them ‘alive’ in a zombie-like state so their bodies stay fresh while they eat them and the flies can fly around spreading their spores. Here’s the scary part – the researchers say this is good news and want to try the same thing in humans! Is 2021 here yet?
“The fungi infect two Danish fly species (Coenosia tigrina and Coenosia testacea). As they do, they create a large hole in the abdomen of their infected hosts. The flies buzz about for days as fungal spores are released into the air from this hole and drift upon new victims.”
Does it sound like these fungi are auditioning to play aliens in a new sci-fi movie? In the press release for a new study published in the Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, Jørgen Eilenberg, a biologist at the University of Copenhagen and study co-author, gives the gory details about Strongwellsea tigrinae and Strongwellsea acerosa, both found in the Capital Region of Denmark near Copenhagen and Frederiksberg. the zombification begins when the fungi enter the flies and then begin to eat their way out, creating holes in the fly bodies to eject spores. The flies look normal – in fact, they can still mate and spread more spores to the unsuspecting partner. They exist in the zombie state for a few days, slowly being eaten away, until they finally fall to the ground, roll over, spasm and die for good. Even then, the bodies still spew spores.
“We suspect therefore that these fungi may produce amphetamine-like substances which keep a fly’s energy level high up until the end. At the same time, we have a theory that the fungi also produce substances which keep microorganisms away from the fly’s fungal wound.”
In other words, as Jørgen Eilenberg explains, the fungi make the flies buzz while buzzed, and that’s the part these researchers think could be tried on humans. At the same time, they protect the fly’s wounds from infection by other microorganisms. This combination could be a benefit to surgeons as a means to keep patients alive and infection-free in the OR.
“It is fascinating how the life cycles of these fungi are so well adapted to the lives of the flies they target.”
Before you start to think nice thoughts about the fungi, Eilenberg notes that they’ve adapted to hibernate in the winter when the flies are inactive and germinate in the spring when they start moving around again. Don’t feel too sorry for the flies either – they’re both predatory species in the house and stable fly family.
It would take more than a swat of the tail to stop a zombie horse fly. Good movie promo? Let’s hope these adaptable zombifying fungi don’t get the idea first.
ALL RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
Wetenschappers op zoek naar buitenaards leven onderzoeken mysterieus radiosignaal van nabijgelegen ster
Astronomen die onderzoek voeren naar buitenaards leven hebben een intrigerend radiosignaal ontdekt dat afkomstig lijkt te zijn van Proxima Centauri, de ster die het dichtst bij ons zonnestelsel ligt. Rondom die ster cirkelen minstens twee planeten. Een daarvan is vermoedelijk rotsachtig en ongeveer 17 procent groter dan onze aarde.
Het team van Breakthrough Listen, het onderzoeksproject dat tekenen van buitenaards leven probeert te detecteren, pikte het signaal vorig jaar tijdens een onderzoek in april en mei op met de Parkes-telescoop in Australië.
Tot nu toe konden alle “buitenaardse” signalen verklaard worden door bijvoorbeeld een passerende satelliet of grondapparatuur, maar voorlopig zijn de onderzoekers er nog niet in geslaagd om de bron van het geluid - dat de naam BLC-1 kreeg - te achterhalen. De richting van het radiosignaal en een wijziging in de frequentie ervan zijn echter consistent met de beweging van een planeet. Dat geeft de wetenschappers een beetje hoop dat BLC-1 een buitenaardse oorsprong heeft, hoewel de kans nog steeds veel groter is dat het geluid van de aarde afkomstig is.
Het radiosignaal lijkt afkomstig te zijn uit de richting van Proxima Centauri, een rode dwerg op 4,2 lichtjaren van de aarde. Minstens twee planeten cirkelen rond de star: een gasreus en een vermoedelijke rotsachtige planeet die zo’n 17 procent groter is als de aarde. Die laatste planeet kreeg de naam Proxima b, draait in elf dagen rond de ster en ligt in de zogezegde “leefbare” zone, waar vloeibaar water mogelijk is. Dat betekent echter niet dat er water aanwezig is op Proxima b. Computermodellen van NASA toonden bovendien aan dat de atmosfeer van de planeet vermoedelijk zwaar te lijden heeft onder de intense straling en zonnevlammen van Proxima Centauri. Daarnaast hebben Proxima Centauri en Proxima b een synchrone rotatie, waardoor het aan een zijde permanent dag is en aan de andere zijde permanent nacht, wat vermoedelijk het bestaan van een stabiel klimaatsysteem en intelligent leven bemoeilijkt.
Wow!-signaal
Sinds de eerste waarneming vorig jaar werd het geluid niet meer opnieuw waargenomen, vertelde een wetenschapper die betrokken is bij het onderzoek aan The Guardian. “Het is de eerste ernstige kandidaat sinds het ‘Wow!’-signaal”, vertelde de bron, die anoniem wilde blijven omdat er nog een rapport over het onderzoek wordt uitgewerkt.
Het ‘Wow!”-signaal was een smalbandig radiosignaal dat in 1977 werd opgepikt door een telescoop in Ohio en dankt zijn naam aan astronoom Jerry Ehman die “Wow!” naast de data schreef. Tot op heden werd nog geen aanvaardbare aardse verklaring gevonden voor dat radiosignaal.
Lewis Dartnell, astrobioloog en professor wetenschapscommunicatie aan de Universiteit van Westminster is sceptisch. “De kansen dat dit geen kunstmatig signaal van Proxima Centauri is, lijken overweldigend", reageert hij. “Als er intelligent leven is, dan is het bijna zeker meer verspreid over de melkweg. Dat kans dat de enige twee beschavingen in de hele melkweg buren zijn, onder 400 miljard sterren, verlegt absoluut de grenzen van de rationaliteit.”
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NASA Announces its Artemis Astronauts: 18 People Training to Fly to the Moon
NASA Announces its Artemis Astronauts: 18 People Training to Fly to the Moon
In less than four years, NASA will be sending the “first woman and next man” to the Moon as part of theArtemis IIImission. This will be the first time that astronauts have landed on the lunar surface since the final mission of the Apollo Program, which was Apollo 17 in 1972. After careful consideration, NASA has announced the names of the 18 astronauts that make up the Artemis Team.
The team was announced last Wednesday (Dec. 16th) during the eighth meeting of the National Space Council (NSC) at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. During the meeting, Vice President Mike Pence introduced the NASA astronauts and remarked on the historic significance of their selection:
“I give you the heroes who will carry us to the Moon and beyond – the Artemis Generation. It is amazing to think that the next man and first woman on the Moon are among the names that we just read. The Artemis Team astronauts are the future of American space exploration – and that future is bright.”
The Artemis program will send the “first woman and next man” to the Moon by 2024.
Credit: NASA
Project Artemis is the culmination of many decades of hard work and dedication from countless NASA personnel and commercial partners. It all began in the mid-2000s with the Constellation Program, which eventually morphed into NASA’s “Journey to Mars.” Intrinsic to these plans was the creation of a new heavy launch system and crew-capable space capsule that would allow for missions to the Moon and other deep space destinations.
This resulted in the development of the Space Launch System (SLS) and the Orion space capsule. NASA has already flight-proven the Orion design and built the capsules that will be used for the Artemis I and II missions (formerly known as Exploration Mission-1 and -2). Whereas the first mission will send an uncrewed Orion around the Moon, the second will send astronauts on a circumlunar flight.
The various components that make up the SLS are still being assembled, tested, and integrated, and it remains unclear if it will be ready in time for the inaugural launch. Luckily, NASA is prepared to go with a commercial launch vehicle in the event of further delays – such as SpaceX’s Falcon Heavy, Blue Origins New Glenn, or the ULA’s Vulcan Centaur.
The program also leverages data accumulated by multiple robotic missions that have mapped out the South Pole-Aitken Basin and its abundant supply of water ice in greater detail. Beyond Artemis III, NASA plans to build an outpost in this area (the Artemis Base Camp) by the end of the decade. Combined with theArtemis Gateway (aka. the Lunar Gateway) in orbit, this infrastructure will allow for a “program for sustainable lunar exploration.”
Artist’s impression of the SLS on its mobile launcher.Credit: NASA
Flight assignments of the Artemis Team will be announced later, and additional team members (including astronauts from partnered space agencies) will also be joining the group. This includes one astronaut from the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), which will fly aboard the Artemis II mission as it makes its circumlunar flight. NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine was also on hand and had the following to say about the team:
“We are incredibly grateful for the president and vice president’s support of the Artemis program, as well as the bipartisan support for all of NASA’s science, aeronautics research, technology development, and human exploration goals. As a result, we’re excited to share this next step in exploration – naming the Artemis Team of astronauts who will lead the way, which includes the first woman and next man to walk on the lunar surface.”
The Artemis I mission is currently scheduled for November of 2021 and is expected to last 25 days. Artemis II, which could include a deep-spacerendezvous with another spacecraft at this point, will last an estimated 10 days and is scheduled to launch by 2023. If all goes according to plan, the first mission to the lunar surface since the Apollo Era will take place in October of 2024.
In the meantime, NASA continues to work with commercial partners to develop human landing systems (HLS), a reusable lunar lander that will allow astronauts to travel to and from the lunar surface from the Orion capsule. The Artemis III Science Definition Team also released its final report, which defines the objectives for the crewed lunar mission and the larger program.
NASA also released the Artemis Accords back in May, which has since been signed by seven partner nations and their space agencies. And with the members of the Artemis Team now announced, NASA is finally able to put a human face on humanity’s long-awaited return to the Moon. As Chief Astronaut Pat Forrester said:
“There is so much exciting work ahead of us as we return to the moon, and it will take the entire astronaut corps to make that happen. Walking on the lunar surface would be a dream come true for any one of us, and any part we can play in making that happen is an honor. I am proud of this particular group of men and women and know that any of them would do an outstanding job representing NASA and the United States on a future Artemis mission.”
Before this decade is over, NASA and its partners will have revitalized lunar exploration and established a human presence on Moon. They will be joined by other space agencies like the Chinese National Space Agency (CNSA), Roscosmos, and the European Space Agency (ESA), all of which will have sent astronauts to the Moon for the first time.
Our long-awaited return to the Moon will have finally happened. This time around, we’ll be putting down roots! To learn more about the people who will be leading the way there, check out the full Artemis Team and their stories here!
UFO Presses Down Into Cloud Ceiling Over South Yorkshire UK, Dec 9, 2020, Photos, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Presses Down Into Cloud Ceiling Over South Yorkshire UK, Dec 9, 2020, Photos, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 9, 2020 Location of sighting:South Yorkshire, UK
Someone on twitter caught this amazing photo of a UFO pressed down into the clouds. The UFO presses down from above and slowly pushes the clouds around it which allows us to see its true shape, but since it cloaked we cannot actually see the craft itself. This is one way we have of telling its shape, size and location. Aliens try to outsmart humans...its like you going to a zoo run by monkeys...would you really respect the inferior species? Because not everyone would, most would not. So aliens too are arrogant and full of themselves. So much so, they think you a mere human could never detect their ships in the sky watching us.
UFOs Over Parking Lot Of Berwyn, Illinois, USA Dec 15, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
UFOs Over Parking Lot Of Berwyn, Illinois, USA Dec 15, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 15, 2020 Location of sighting: Berwyn, Illinois, USA
This video is a great catch from Illinois this week. However the glare from the parking lot lights are a bit irritating. You do have to separate the glares from the UFOs. So be careful when watching. It looks like a whole UFO fleet is passing overhead. Absolutely silent and they are not glowing, but instead we see them because the lights from the ground are reflecting off them. Very fascination sighting.
UFO Seen Over Yuma, Arizona, USA On Dec 16, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Seen Over Yuma, Arizona, USA On Dec 16, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 16, 2020 Location of sighting: Yuma, Arizona, USA
I love this video, because he didn't just record through his car window, but instead pulled over to the side of the road so he could record the UFO more clearly. This is appropriate behavior when witnessing a UFO. This UFO is a white disk and probably came from Area 51 which is 300 miles north of Yuma. The white disk is just hovering in place, not going anywhere, but its sitting in a clear blue sky with no clouds anywhere. Absolute amazing and cool catch! 100% proof that UFOs are not only seen in the hot desert locations, but are so relaxed about it...they don't care if they are seen and are in no hurry to leave.
Possible classified triangle UFO caught over Chitre, Panama
Possible classified triangle UFO caught over Chitre, Panama
On December 18, 2020 when reviewing an image that a photographer took of the project of the new public market of Chitré in Panama, he observed something strange in the photo.
He took two photos with a few seconds of difference, in one a UFO appears in the image.
Although he took the images inside his car the photographer is convinced that the object was not a reflection of something inside or outside the car nor a reflection of the sun on his cell phone. Mufon.
Assuming it was not a reflection, the photographer may have photographed a TR-3B or a classified antigravity aerospace craft similar to a TR-3B?
UFO Sighting Video Makes UFO Followers Very Excited
UFO Sighting Video Makes UFO Followers Very Excited
In the last few days, UFO followers have become very excited about a video that shows what they believed to be proof that aliens have come to Earth. YouTube channel The Hidden Underbelly 2.0 says in the video that the UFO following an airplane doesn’t surprise them because it happens many times.
They explain that whenever these chemtrails are about, we always see these white orbs, which seem to be moving along the airplane like in this video or sometimes hovering around airplanes.
The Hidden Underbelly believes it’s some terraforming going on while the government is trying to spray chemicals at us in the form of chemtrails or what is commonly known as contrails.
Conspiracy theorists suggest that chemtrails left by airplanes are chemicals deliberately sprayed into the atmosphere by the government as part of military tests dispensing chemicals that make us sick to increase the profits of drug companies.
Chemtrails are also being used for mind control purposes, according to the chemtrail conspiracy theory. Some conspiracists even go as far as to suggest chemtrails could cause biblical flooding that possibly wipe out humanity. Advocates include Chuck Norris and Alex Jones.
Black holes are, by far, the most mysterious objects in the universe. They are objects in the cosmos where all of our knowledge of physics completely breaks down.
And yet, despite their apparent impossibility, they exist. But what if these gravitational monsters aren't black holes at all, but rather the cosmic equivalent of fuzzy, vibrating balls of string?
New research suggests that may be the case, and that with upcoming observations we may actually be able to see them.
Black holes appear in Einstein's theory of general relativity, and by all rights they simply shouldn't exist. In that theory, if a clump of matter crunches down into a tiny enough volume, then gravity can become overwhelmingly strong. This insane gravitational compression can out-compete any of the other four fundamental forces of nature — like the strong nuclear force that holds that clump of matter together. Once a certain critical threshold is reached, the clump of matter just squeezes and squeezes, compressing down into an infinitely tiny point.
That infinitely tiny point is known as the singularity, and it's encircled by a surface known as the event horizon — the place where the inward pull of gravity exceeds the speed of light.
Of course, there's no such thing as an infinitely tiny point, so this picture seems wrong. But in the mid-20th century astronomers began to find objects that looked like black holes, acted like black holes and probably smelled like black holes too. Despite their impossibility, there they were, floating around the universe.
And that's not the only problem. In 1976, physicist Stephen Hawking realized that black holes aren't completely black. Due to the weirdness of quantum mechanics, black holes slowly evaporate. This led to a paradox: All the information that falls into a black hole gets locked inside. But Hawking's radiation doesn't carry away that information (at least, as far as we understand). So when the black hole eventually evaporates, what happens to all that information?
Over the decades, theoretical physicists have been hard at work to find something — anything — to explain black holes. Something that explains the information paradox and something to replace the singularity with math that works.
Among those theorists are the ones working on string theory, which is a model of the universe that replaces all the particles and forces that you love with subatomic, vibrating strings. In string theory, these strings are the fundamental constituents of matter in the universe, but we can't see them as strings because they're so small. Oh, and in order for the math of string theory to work, there must be extra dimensions — all tiny any curled up on themselves to subatomic scales so that we don't see those, either.
String theory claims to be a theory of everything, capable of explaining every kind of particle, every kind of force, and basically everything in the universe (and, for completeness, the whole entire universe itself).
So string theory should be able to explain the unexplainable: it should be able to replace black holes with something less frightening.
And, indeed, string theorists have proposed a less-scary replacement for black holes. They're called fuzzballs.
Unraveling the yarn
In string theory, black holes are neither black nor holes. Instead, the best metaphor to explain what a fuzzball is to look at another compact-and-weird object in the universe: neutron stars.
Neutron stars are what happens when an object doesn't quite have enough gravity to compress into what we call a black hole. Inside a neutron star, matter is compressed into its highest density state possible. Neutrons are one of the fundamental constituents of atoms, but they usually play along with other particles such as protons and electrons. But in a neutron star, that kind of atomic camaraderie breaks down and dissolves, leaving behind just neutrons crammed together as tightly as possible.
With fuzzballs, the fundamental strings stop working together and simply crowd together, becoming a large, well, ball of strings. A fuzzball.
Fuzzballs aren't fully fleshed out, even in theory, because as cool as string theory sounds, nobody has ever been able to come up with a complete mathematical solution for it — and so fuzzballs aren't just fuzzy in physical reality, but also fuzzy in mathematical possibility.
Still, we might be able to find fuzzballs with upcoming surveys, as described in a review article published Oct. 27 in the preprint journal arXiv. We are just now beginning to move past proving the existence of black holes and toward probing the details of how they behave, and our best way to do it is through gravitational waves.
When black holes collide and merge, they release a tsunami of gravitational waves, which wash across the cosmos, eventually reaching our detectors on Earth. For all the dozens of black hole mergers that we've witnessed so far, the gravitational wave signature is exactly what general relativity predicts black holes to do.
But future instruments, like the advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (a proposed space-based gravitational wave detector), might have the sensitivity to tell the difference between normal black holes and stringy fuzzballs. I say "might" because different fuzzball models predict different variations from standard black hole behavior.
If we are able to find evidence for fuzzballs, it wouldn't just answer the question of what black holes really are; it would reveal some of the deepest underpinnings of nature.
WWII was over, and in 1949 the Oregon Coast was thriving. I grew up in Southern Oregon, and the Rogue River wildly ran from north of Crater Lake all the way to Gold Beach, Oregon. There the angry river spilled into the Pacific Ocean. At that time, the town boasted a population of about 677 people. May 24, 1949 a reported group of 5 five people (3 men and 2 women) were visiting from the San Francisco area. 2 of the men, Don Heaphy and Gilbert Rivera, a draftsman and a wind tunnel mechanic were employed by Ames Research Laboratory at Moffett Field south of San Francisco. Ames Research was in the business of researching jet engines and required top security clearance for the employees.
The two men Don and Gilbert, were with a group in a fishing boat in the Rogue River just 700 yards from Elephant Rock, at the mouth of the Pacific Ocean. They were sharing a pair of 8x power Naval binoculars. It was about 5pm and they were using the binoculars to search for jumping fish, it was then they spotted it. It turned out to be a circular and thin object coming from the NE. It looked like a pancake to the group, except it had a vertical fin on the top. There were no wings, no antenna, no lights, no propellers and no jet engines. (1)
Sketch of the Rogue River craft
They watched it for about two-and-a-half minutes as it hovered east of them before it departed at high speed in a southward direction. The sky was clear and the afternoon sun was at their backs. To the naked eye, it appeared shiny and shaped like a coin with the flat surface parallel to the ground. At its closest it seemed to be only a couple of miles away and about a mile high. They heard no noise. (2)
The ship was about 100 ft. wide with a tail fin and “dirty” surface, rough wrinkled surface in the rear. It was at about 5000 ft. in altitude, about 1-4 miles away traveling at about C-47 speed (200 mph?) which accelerated to jet speed (about 600 mph?), and then the object was gone. (3)
What is interesting about this case is the two men from Ames Research Laboratory reported the incident to security when they got back to work. Then security reported to the AFOSI (Air Force Office of Special Investigations) who then carried out an investigation. What helped the credibility of the report was the multiple witnesses, and the two men were technically trained. The AFOSI interviewed all the people. The others’ names were left out of the report though the original bluebook notation said they were; pharmacist Roy L. MacBeth with wives Mrs. Rivera and Mrs. Amlyne MacBeth. There was another woman who was said to be on the boat, she was the wife of Standard Oil distributor, William McBeth. Spelled different than the pharmacist and his wife. When they interviewed one of the women she described the object as circular and then remarked it went as fast as a C-47 as her son showed those to her as they flew over Gold Beach.
A cover of a Project Blue Book report
In 1952, Project Blue Book hired the Battelle Memorial Institute of Columbus, Ohio, to carry out a statistical study of flying saucer reports that occurred between 1947 and the end of 1952. (4) The intention of the study (Project Stork) was to ascertain if the sightings were ordinary phenomena or actual UFO’s.
The scientists of the Battelle Memorial Institute believed this was an actual sighting. The AFOSI labelled the men’s reports as “aircraft” while labeling the woman’s description as “kites” because when they interviewed the woman, they left her description of it being ‘circular’ off the records. The sighting was valid according to the Battelle scientists, is it possible in order to calm the public and explain many of these sightings the AFOSI altered or ignored important facts? Are agencies still doing that?
It's the first moon sample-return mission since 1976.
For the first time in more than four decades, humanity has brought moon rocks down to Earth.
A capsule loaded with lunar dirt and gravel landed in Inner Mongolia today (Dec. 16) at 12:59 p.m. EST (1759 GMT), capping China's historic and whirlwind Chang'e 5 mission.
The last such moon delivery came courtesy of the Soviet Union's Luna 24 mission, which returned about 6 ounces (170 grams) of material in 1976. Chang'e 5's haul should be much larger — about 4.4 lbs. (2 kilograms), if all went according to plan on the lunar surface.
The four-module, 18,100-lb. (8,200 kg) Chang'e 5 mission — China's first-ever sample-return effort — launched on Nov. 23 and arrived in lunar orbit five days later. Two of the four modules, a lander and an attached ascent vehicle, touched down near Mons Rümker, a volcanic mountain in the moon's huge Oceanus Procellarum ("Ocean of Storms") region, on Dec. 1.
The solar-powered lander was equipped with cameras, ground-penetrating radar and an imaging spectrometer to take the measure of its surroundings. But the lander's main job was to collect samples, which it busily did for the next two days, snagging stuff from the surface and from up to 6.5 feet (2 meters) underground.
On Dec. 3, this moon material launched aboard the ascent vehicle, which met up with the other two Chang'e 5 modules — an orbiter and a return capsule — in lunar orbit on Dec. 5. (The liftoff apparently damaged the lander, which stopped working on Dec. 3. But this was no great loss; the lander would have died on Dec. 11 anyway, when darkness descended on Mons Rümker.)
The Chang'e 5 team deorbited the ascent vehicle on Dec. 7, sending the craft back to the moon with a crash. Five days later, the orbiter and return capsule began the journey back to Earth, which culminated today with the capsule's landing in Inner Mongolia.
China's Chang'e 5 sample-return capsule is seen back on Earth after delivering the first new samples of moon rocks in 44 year. The landing occurred at1:59 a.m. Dec. 17 Beijing time in the Siziwang Banner of Inner Mongolia. It was 12:59 p.m. EST (1759 GMT) and landing. (Image credit: China Lunar Exploration Project)
Chang'e 5 was the latest mission in the Chang'e program of robotic lunar exploration, which is named after a moon goddess in Chinese mythology. Chang'e 1 and Chang'e 2 lofted moon orbiters in 2007 and 2010, respectively, and Chang'e 3 put a lander-rover duo down on the lunar nearside in December 2013.
Next up was Chang'e 5 T1, which launched a prototype return capsule around the moon in October 2014 to help prepare for the touchdown that occurred today. Then came Chang'e 4, which in January 2019 pulled off the first-ever soft landing on the moon's mysterious farside. That touchdown involved a lander-rover pair, as with Chang'e 3.
The Chang'e 4 lander and rover are still going strong, as is Chang'e 3's lander. (The Chang'e 3 rover died after 31 months of work on the lunar surface.)
With Chang'e 5's apparent success — mission teams still need to inspect and assess the returned sample — China has become just the third nation to bring moon material to Earth. The other two are the Soviet Union and the United States, which hauled home about 842 lbs. (382 kg) of lunar rocks and dirt during the six Apollo surface missions between 1969 and 1972.
The Chang'e 5 samples should provide a new window into lunar history and evolution, scientists say, given that rocks in the Mons Rümker region are thought to have formed just 1.2 billion years ago or so.
"All of the volcanic rocks collected by Apollo were older than 3 billion years. And all of the young impact craters whose ages have been determined from the analysis of samples are younger than 1 billion years," Bradley Jolliff, a planetary scientist at Washington University in St. Louis, said in a statement.
"So the Chang'e 5 samples will fill a critical gap," Jolliff said. "These samples will be a treasure trove!"
Today's landing was the second such Earth return in just 11 days. On Dec. 5, the return capsule of Japan's Hayabusa2 mission touched down in the Australian Outback with precious pieces of the near-Earth asteroid Ryugu. And there are more such cosmic deliveries coming: NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission is scheduled to return samples of the near-Earth asteroid Bennu in September 2023.
Mike Wall is the author of "Out There" (Grand Central Publishing, 2018; illustrated by Karl Tate), a book about the search for alien life.
Are there other intelligent lifeforms in the universe besides humans capable of founding a civilization? That’s the million-dollar question that people of all walks of life have, to their best of their ability, attempt to answer. There are many theories that attempt to explain the utter lack of, well, alien signals. For instance, one new study concludes that intelligent life may have appeared several times in the Milky Way, however, the vast majority of these civilizations have wiped themselves out already.
Ever since people first realized we are all living on a giant rock orbiting one of many stars, a heartbreaking thought must have crept the mind: we’re not that special after all. But since there are countless stars in the Milky Way, and countless galaxies in the universe, there must be other civilizations out there. This thought comes as a consolation, so we might not be the only ones drifting through the frightening darkness of outer space.
But if it’s true that we’re not that special after all, where is everybody else? Enrico Fermi, the creator of the world’s first nuclear reactor, thought about this long and hard, and his correspondence with fellow scientists on the subject has remained known in history as the ‘Fermi Paradox’ — the notion that there is a virtually limitless number of stars, but nevertheless you don’t see any life floating around besides us. Where is everybody?
It’s believed there are between 100 and 400 billion planets in the Milky Way. Considering intelligent life appeared on one, it’s reasonable to consider there should be at least some other kind of intelligent life elsewhere in the galaxy.
Millions of years of technological progress mean that an intelligent species should have the capability to travel to distant stars and even other galaxies. Just look at how our world has changed in the past 100 years alone.
According to mathematicians Duncan Forgan and Arwen Nicholson from Edinburgh University, self-replicating spacecraft traveling at one-tenth of the speed of light — admittedly a quick speed — could traverse the entire Milky Way in a mere 10 million years. This means that civilization could potentially colonize the whole galaxy in a mere couple of millions of years. Except it didn’t happen.
Then there’s the Drake equation, first proposed in 1961 by American astronomer and astrophysicist Frank Drake, which describes the variables involved in fostering intelligent life. This equation estimates the number “N” of civilizations in the Milky Way based on variables such as the rate of star formation, the number of planets in solar systems that may support life, or the necessary technological prowess to signal a civilization’s existence.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Filer’s Files 52 2020 Star of Bethlehem May Have Bee a UFO - PART I
Filer’s Files 52 2020 Star of Bethlehem May Have Bee a UFO - PART I
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
In special reports, this week’s files cover: Bible Reports the Star of Bethlehem, Angels God’s Messengers from Heaven, President Reagan Chased UFOs ,General Assessment of Extraterrestrial Life by Col. Don Ware Prayer, We are Sorry for the Lives Lost to the Corona Virus and for their Families. and Carbon 60.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over California, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, Virginia, and Wyoming.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Belgium, Canada, Eire/Ireland, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, , Switzerland, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.
I wish you all a most Merry Christmas and thanks for your many letters and friendship you have shared with me this past year.
Special Projects
Bible Reports the Star of Bethlehem
The Bible states, “Jesus was born in the town of Bethlehem, in Judea, during the reign of King Herod.” At about that time some magi (wise men) from the east arrived in Jerusalem, asking, ‘Where is the new born King of the Jews?’ for we have seen his star in the east, and have come to worship him.”
“After they had heard the king, they went on their way, and the star they had seen in the east went ahead of them until it stopped over the place where the child was. When they saw the star they were overjoyed. On coming to the house, they saw the young child with his mother Mary, and bowed down and worshipped him. Then they opened their gifts of gold and of incense and of myrrh.” (Mathew-2.)
Editor’s Note– Magi or wise men were astronomers or astrologers who lived in Persia or Babylonia hundreds of miles to the northwest of Jerusalem. They arrived in Jerusalem and spoke to Herod indicating they were likely of high rank possibly Kings or messengers from kings. We assume they were excellent witnesses. They had followed a star light for a great distance to get to Jerusalem. Now, they were overjoyed to see the same star that led them to Bethlehem five miles due south of Jerusalem. According to the scriptures the star moved south and stopped over the house where Jesus lived. Stars appear to cross the sky from east to west at 15 degrees per hour as the Earth rotates and do not stop or change direction. It would be difficult for the wise men to follow a star as Quick as they move both day and night, and a miracle would be required for it to stop. And change direction one possible explanation is that they followed the light of a bright UFO. Of course God and his angels can do almost anything but the Bible is describing a light moving in weird directions from normal star movement.
A fourteenth century fresco of the Madonna and Child and St Giovannino, in the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, attributed to the 15 Century school of Filippo Lippi. Ddepicted on the top right side the image of a UFO hovering in the distance. A blow up of this fresco reveals tremendous details about this UFO including port holes. It seems to indicate a religious involvement between UFO’s and the appearance of the Christ Child.
Angels God’s Messengers from Heaven
Samarian sculpture of winged ancient angel Zorater
The scriptures and thousands of books tell us the Earth is being visited by angels from the planet Heaven. They appeared over a hundred times in the Bible to men. We celebrate Christmas throughout much of the world based on the birth of Jesus Christ 2000 years ago. The logical question is what has this to do with ET and UFOs? I suggest there is a strong connection.
Dr. Carl Sagan in his book, “Intelligent Life in the Universe” indicated Earth had likely been visited by extraterrestrials. He states: “Sumer was an early–perhaps the first -civilization the contemporary sense on the planet Earth. It was founded in the forth millennium B.C. or earlier. We don’t know where the Sumerians came from. I feel that if the Sumerian civilization is depicted by the descendant’s of the Sumerians themselves to be of non-human origin, the relevant legends should be examined carefully.”
He goes on to ask, “What might an advanced extraterrestrial civilization want from us?”……He answers his own question by stating, “One of the primary motivations for the exploration of the New World was to convert the inhabitants to Christianity — peacefully if possible — forcefully if necessary. Can we exclude the possibility of an extraterrestrial evangelism?”
Few remember that Angels and their glowing craft had a key role in the Christmas story and history of diverse nations. Angels are celestial beings believed to be a messenger or mediator between God and humankind. In ancient Mesopotamia, ancient Greece, Judaism, and Christianity and in Islam angels were sent as divine messengers to humans to instruct, inform, or command. Angels apparently helped in the creation, and God said, “Let us make man in our image, after our likeness.” Angels also function as heavenly warriors and as guardians.
Many abductees claim healing, love and miracles from the angels or aliens. Many angels are assumed to have the form of human males, and as a consequence they were sometimes mistaken for men.
Billy Graham, the evangelical minister and the friend of US Presidents in his book, “Angels,” makes the following surprising statements,
“Some have speculated that UFOs could very well be a part of God’s angelic host who preside over the physical affairs of universal creation. While we cannot assert such a view with certainty nothing can hide the fact that these unexplained events are occurring with greater frequency around the entire world. Some take the detailed descriptions of a highly credible airline crew and lay them alongside Ezekiel and put forth a strong case —- such theories are now being given serious attention even by people who make no claim to believe in the God of the Bible. UFOs are astonishingly angel-like in some their reported appearances.”
Most of the description of angels compares nicely with our available data of at least one group of the alien visitors. In Genesis, the first book of the Bible and Torah; angels are described as having bodies with parts such as hands, feet, eyes, head, voices, mouths, hair, faces and other human body parts.
A few years ago, I had dinner with Zecharia Sitchin the best selling author of books called the “Earth Chronicles.” He told me that Genesis is true and ought to be read as a historic and scientific document rather than just a religious one. He felt ancient civilizations are older and much more technically advanced and scientifically oriented than we once believed. Ancient Sumerian texts as well as the Bible reveal the existence of angels or Anunnaki, ‘Those who from Heaven to Earth Came.’
Ezekiel and the Wheel
He felt that only in recent years has modern science caught up with ancient scientific knowledge. One interesting fact is that the Bible often mentions the angels in glowing metal craft. The Hebrew word ‘hashmal’ refers to glowing metal in the description of the divine glory and brightness and the appearance of fire from the craft. The descriptions of Ezekiel in the Bible (1:4, 8:2) clearly indicate brilliant highly polished glowing yellow like brass or electrum an alloy of silver and gold.
Throughout the Bible and Torah we are told that the angels were able to introduce life into old women and even virgins. For example, part of God’s covenant with Abraham and Sarah his barren 90 year old wife was to give them a son Isaac. The covenant also established circumcision as a sign that the Jewish people were part of God’s people and in turn they would be blessed with numerous descendants, material wealth and spiritual prosperity. Some of these births that appeared supernatural may have been accomplished by advanced technology.
John the Baptist was also born after the angel Gabriel appeared before Zechariah and his barren wife Elizabeth. Gabriel said,” Do not be afraid Zechariah, your prayer has been heard. Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son, and you are to give him the name John. He will be a joy and delight to you, and many will rejoice because of his birth, for he will be great in the sight of the Lord.” (Luke 1:13-25) According to the testimony of modern-day abductees similar births are occurring today.
The immaculate conception of Mary almost certainly occurred just as the Bible states; “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. So the holy one to be born will be called the Son of God.” (Luke 1:35) The Immaculate Conception could be explained with the use of modern medical technology. The angel Gabriel could have artificially inseminated Mary so that she retained her virginity as the Bible indicates. Jesus would have been the result, and would in fact be the Son of God and the Son of Man (Mary).
Painting of the Madonna and Saint Giovannino, in the Palazzo Vecchio …
The Living Bible states, these ae the facts concerning the birth of Jesus Christ. “His mother Mary was engaged to be married to Joseph. But while she was still a virgin she became pregnant by the Holy Spirit. Then Joseph, her fiancé decided to break the engagement, as he did not want to disgrace her. He fell asleep and an angel spoke to him, “Joseph don’t hesitate to take Mary as your wife! For the child within her has been conceived by the Holy Spirit. And she will have a Son and you will name him Jesus (meaning ‘Savioir’) for he will save his people from their sins. This will fulfil God’s message through his prophets. Listen! The virgin shall conceive a child! She shall give birth to a Son, and he shall be called ‘Emmanuel’ (meaning God is with us)” (Matthew 1-18 to 25).
“That night some shepherds were in the fields guarding their flocks of sheep. Suddenly an angel appeared among them, and the landscape shone bright with the glory of the Lord. They were badly frightened, but the angel reassured them. “Don’t be afraid! I bring you the most joyful news ever announced, and it is for everyone! The Savior-yes the Messiah, the Lord-has been born tonight in Bethlehem! How will you recognize him? You will find a baby wrapped in a blanket, lying in a manager! Suddenly the angel was joined by a vast host of others–armies of heaven-praising God: Glory to God in the highest heaven, they sang, “and peace on earth for all those pleasing him.” When this great army of angels had returned again to heaven, the shepherds said to each other. “Come on! Let’s go to Bethlehem! Let’s see this wonderful thing that has happened, which the Lord has told us about. (Luke 2) The armies of heaven may describe UFOs that are often seen in large numbers.
If you care to make the assumption those angels and extraterrestrials exist, perhaps they are the same.
Many people I have met claim to have been saved by angels from various diseases, accidents, and drowning. I feel they have saved me in fire and aircraft crash. If you have an emergency situation I urge you to ask Jesus Christ to send his angels to save you. It has worked for me and my wife.
Winston Churchill Quote “Man will occasionally stumble over the truth, but usually manages to pick himself up, walk over or around it, and carry on.”
The Extraterrestrials Species Almanac
CRAIG CAMPOBASSO
He has written an exciting new nook with dozens of pictures of the ET species that is useful when witnesses describe their encounters. Discover who the aliens are – the benevolent ones and those who mean us harm – and what they want from us. Here is the ultimate field guide to the 82 extraterrestrial species that populate the universe. Fully illustrated throughout.
This is the ultimate field guide to the 82 extraterrestrial species that populate the universe. ET enthusiast Craig Campobasso explores the origins, physical characteristics, technological and consciousness abilities, dimensional capacities, belief systems, and cosmic agendas of each of the species. According to Craig many of the aliens appear to be angels.t rhe
Craig directed, wrote and produced the short film Stranger at the Pentagon, In September 2014, it won Best Sci-Fi film at the Burbank International Film Festival. Personalized and autographed copies of Craig’s four book Sci-Fi series “The Autobiography of an Extraterrestrial Saga” at this link:
On June 12, 1987, President Ronald Reagan spoke the people of West Berlin at the base of the Brandenburg Gate, near the Berlin wall stating, “. Mr. Gobachev, Tear down this wall.” The speech began the destruction of Soviet Communism.
Ronald Reagan claimed to have seen UFOs on at least two occasions. Allegedly, before he was governor of California, he and Nancy were on their way up the Pacific coast highway to a dinner party. They arrived half an hour late and distraught saying they had seen a UFO and that was why they were late. They did not explain the time delay and may have had a life-altering experience for the two of them if not an actual abduction experience. Later when Governor of California, he asked his pilots to chase a UFO.
He alerted the Navy to one of his sightings, and he and Nancy believed that Egyptian hieroglyphics referenced extraterrestrial flying crafts.
On June 8, 1982, President Reagan spoke to the British House of Commons and called the Soviet Union an “Evil Empire.”Almost a year later, President Reagan in a television speech announced on March 23, 1983, the US was building the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) later known as the “Star Wars” program. The system was designed to destroy missiles in flight.
In 1985, at the summit meeting Soviet premier, Mikhail Gorbachev states, Reagan surprised me by asking, “What would you do if the United States were suddenly attacked by someone from outer space; would you help us?” I said, ‘No doubt about it.'” “He said, ‘We would help you too.”
Triangle UFOs Prepare to Attack
“At our meeting in Geneva, the U.S. President said that if the earth faced an invasion by extraterrestrials, the United States and the Soviet Union would join forces to repel such an invasion. I shall not dispute that hypothesis.” Gorbachev confirmed the earlier Geneva conversation in a speech to the Central Committee in the Grand Kremlin Palace.
In the Summit Meeting in Iceland during October of 1986, astonishingly, Reagan offered to share the Stars Wars weapons system with the Soviets. The Star Wars system was the most expensive weapons system ever conceived and parts are still being designed and built and had the capability so shooting down UFOs.
That alien space invaders scenario was so compelling to Reagan that he repeated it in public speeches, on multiple occasions, while president. Reagan talked about this alien threat all the time, to the apparent consternation of his staff and was receiving UFO data on a regular basis.
President Ronald Reagan., Remarks made to the 42nd General Assembly of the United Nations, on September 21, 1987. In our obsession with antagonisms of the moment, we often forget how much unites all the members of Soviet KGB Colonels provided these drawings of Alien attacks humanity. Perhaps we need some outside, universal threat to make us realize this common bond. I occasionally think how quickly our differences would vanish if we were facing an alien threat from outside this world. And yet, I ask you, IS NOT AN ALIEN FORCE ALREADY AMONG US?”
Soviet Communist KGB sources claim during the late 1980s large triangular craft were attacking Soviet installations. These drawings were provided to me by a Soviet Colonel who felt this was the real cause of the demise of Soviet Communism. I said, “We were told financial weakness was the cause.” He indicated they were in better financial shape than in many previous years. .
The Soviet Union mysteriously gave up its position as one of the world’s greatest powers and splintered into multiple nations. Its leader at the time was Mikhail Gorbachev who has made several public statements about the reality of a covert extraterrestrial presence visiting Earth. He stated, ‘The phenomenon of UFO’s does exist, and it must be treated seriously.’The Russian anti-missile-missile system remains in operation today as the upgraded A-135 anti-ballistic missile system.
Thanks to NASA.
General Assessment of Extraterrestrial Life by Col. Don Ware
In 1952, at age 16, I developed a strong curiosity about flying saucers after observing seven of them over Washington, D.C. They were in the restricted area over the White House.
Lt. Col. Don Ware, USAF retired
I later attended Duke University, and the greatest lesson I learned was how to think. I read all I could find about UFOs throughout my 26 years as an Air Force officer, and I came to know six people in the service who had seen alien vehicles up close. In 1970 I earned a Master of Science degree in Nuclear Engineering with the idea in the back of my mind that it would help me to understand the advanced science of our visitors. After exploring much of the world, I retired at age 47 and became a UFO investigator. With more time to use as I chose, I soon realized that man’s greatest invention is the book, any non-fiction book. Books allow us to condense the knowledge gained during a lifetime and then to pass it on to seekers of that knowledge.
In 1989, after studying and learning more about the non-physical aspects of the universe, I was used by a higher intelligence to send a message to the generals at Eglin Air Force Base. I had worked there for three years as a test manager. I did not understand what the message was about, because it was slightly garbled by the channel through which it came. However, I chose to act upon it. The message was apparently of considerable significance to those for whom it was sent. I now see that that choice of mine was the passing of a test that allowed me to have further participation in the transformation process. I then received 15 messages through seven different sources that appear to have come from a higher intelligence, each using one of three telepathic processes. I started to pay attention. One of the messages said, “…Individuals such as Donald Ware have a mission whether they have yet fully recognized it. They are to show that science and spirituality are two sides of one coin and cannot be separated…” This is quite a challenge, but I chose to accept it. I think that many people, some in important positions, have been given similar challenges.
General Assessment
I see a connection among the various “UFO” stories that have survived through the millennia, stories often recorded in religious writings. Some involve transformational issues. I accept the idea that intelligent life is abundant throughout the universe, in both incarnate and discarnate forms. We continue to live after shedding these physical bodies. Our true being is the spirit within us, rather than our bodies. For example, we do not become less of a human being if we lose an arm or a leg.
Evidence from thousands of “UFO” cases and related phenomena indicates that the normal means of communication by higher intelligence is telepathic, whether that intelligence is an alien in physical form or an unseen spiritual teacher. The direct projection of thought allows communication between beings with different physical form.
A higher intelligence that chooses to read our thoughts can do so. Communication with higher intelligence now involves many people around the world. Millions of Americans are participating in a hybridization program with short beings from Zeta reticuli. The resulting hybrid has a larger brain and greater telepathic ability. The new body is being developed to house our souls as many of us Earthlings join a galactic society. This same body will house some Zeta reticuli souls. This is a joint human/Zeta program. I think that communication with some world leaders long ago led to alien liaison.
I think that galactic societies have a “prime directive” that limits interference with lesser-evolved species such as us. This concept is fed to us repeatedly on the Fox network through the Star Trek series. The main reason alien liaison is increasing now is because our planet is being transformed to support a new world order.
This process involves the evolution of the soul. The new order is destined to support a learning process that is one step beyond the human experience of free-will choices. It is the experience of learning to develop unconditional love of others. I think this outcome is unlikely unless the selfish or negative souls stop re-incarnating here. I hope, for the sake of our stressed environment, that we will get this kind of divine assistance. If this happens, then the new world order can become what Jesus described as heaven on Earth.
Many of the above ideas have inspired secret societies. For centuries the secrecy has been required for self-protection. I think the Bilderburgers, the Tri-lateral Commission, and the Council on Foreign Relations in America is influenced by alien liaison. I think some of their members have accepted a challenge to help bring about a new world order just as I accepted a personal challenge in 1989 to help bridge the gap between science and spirituality. I think many members of these groups recognize that having a government that can speak for all of the people of the world is a prerequisite to joining a galactic society. However, because of strong nationalistic feelings, there is strong resistance to establishing a world government. This resistance is driven primarily by greed, hate or fear. I think these are feelings that we can overcome, given some divine assistance. Fortunately, I see progress being made. We now have only one super-power in military might. Economies are coalescing into three major economic blocks, and advanced communication and transportation systems are allowing a great inter-mingling of societies.
I think the US government did recover an alien vehicle in 1947. I think the aliens flew around in the restricted area over the White House in 1952 because they wanted to make us aware of their presence. I think President Eisenhower did have a meeting with aliens after being given a demonstration of their technology at Edwards AFB in 1954. Most people did not accept this story, because the widest exposure was in the National Enquirer. (I wonder who put it there.)
MJ-12 must have existed in the 1950s much as described in Admiral Hillencoetter’s briefing document [1]. I think MJ-12 continues to exist in some form.
In 1953 the Robertson panel found, in essence, that it is in the national interest to keep the public from getting too excited about our alien visitors. While some people insert disinformation into major “UFO” cases, others are covertly raising our awareness of a larger reality through a variety of means. The disinformation provides a control lever for our covert agents to influence public reaction to major “UFO” events and to covertly released documents. And the educational programs are carefully designed to mold our thinking about our visitors without forcing us to accept any ideas, without violating the prime directive of the aliens with whom some people had liaison. Thanks to Don Ware
Prayer
Col. Don Ware writes, “Dear God, I love you a
nd all of your creatures unconditionally. I am an eternal spiritual being open to your love and guidance. Use me to promote Peace and Joy and to help build a kinder, gentler civilization.” It came to me in a meditation several years ago. This may be why I have been getting interesting tasking messages from an unseen being called Adam. I am starting to think that a council at our star system headquarters uses light workers incarnated here to assist in our transition to the Golden Age. Keep up the good work on the weekly files. It saves us researchers a lot of time. Thanks Don Ware, www.freewebs.com/donware continued.
We Pray for the he Lives Lost to the Corona Virus and for the Families
Four times that number are babies dying to Abortion
The new appointees to the Supreme Court will likely trim the slaughter. A study, conducted by David C Reardon since Roe vs. Wade decision by the Liberal Supreme Court sixty one million (61000, 000) innocent and defenseless babies have been killed.. All US officials have the responsibility it to protect unborn living babies. Destiny has taken Ruth Ginsberg’s life and given the Supreme Court a Conservative new member in Amy Barrette to stop or limit the Genocide. In addition, twenty percent of woman who have abortions actually attempt suicide’.
“Planned Parenthood bragged a million three hundred babies were murdered last year. And they appeared under oath in court on Sep 04, 2019, and admitted supplying the cut up body parts of children in the womb to for-profit brokers like Stem Express. “Elliot Institute studied 173,000 American women who either had abortions or carried to term. Reardon was described in the New York Times Magazine as the “Moses” of the “post-abortion movement”.
Reardon found that women who aborted were 154% more likely to commit suicide than women who gave birth. Another survey cited by David Reardon in his book Aborted Women, Silent No More (Springfield, IL: Acorn Books, 2002) stated, “Up to 60% of women who had abortions had subsequent suicidal feelings, with 28% actually attempting 364,000 suicide ‘per year… Help stop one million women from attempting suicide in the next four years!- Elliot Institute is a national nonprofit organization dedicated to research, education and outreach regarding the effects of abortion on women, men, families and society. Pray we are able to save the lives for all those dying.
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Strange Craft
The True Story of Major George Filer an Air Force Intelligence Officer and flyer’s Life with UFOs.
Filer belongs to the generation of pilots and airmen who first became aware of the strange aircraft showing up in the Earth’s atmosphere. These men – military professionals began to whisper amongst themselves about encounters with suspected extraterrestrial aircraft.
Award-winning investigative reporter John Guerra spent four years interviewing Filer, a decorated intelligence officer.
Filer’s most memorable case – the shooting of an alien at Fort Dix Army Base/ McGuire AFB in 1978 – is fully recounted. UFO information, for the first time, after decades of denying what its intelligence officers, pilots, and air traffic control personnel know to be true, the military finally admitted to what Filer describes in this incredible book. By John L. Guerra (Author) click on this link: https://amzn.to/2SmCKMy
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:FILER FILES - overzicht met foto's met dank aan Georges Filer en WWW.nationalUFOCenter.com (ENG)
Filer’s Files 52 2020 Star of Bethlehem May Have Bee a UFO - PART II
Filer’s Files 52 2020 Star of Bethlehem May Have Bee a UFO - PART II
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over California, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, Virginia, and Wyoming.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Belgium, Canada, Eire/Ireland, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, , Switzerland, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.
I wish you all a most Merry Christmas and thanks for your many letters and friendship you have shared with me this past year.
UFO Sightings in the United States
Sightings are from MUFON CMS
California Orb
Moreno Valley – On December 10, 2020, this was not a UFO, but something created this. Do you have any idea? It was a speck in the sky when I saw it. I took a photo using a Sony 200 to600mm zoom with Sony A6400 with a1.5x crop. This gave me an effective 900mm focal length.
It was stationary for a long time or drifted very slowly. This was taken, at 11:30 AM. looking southeast.
Additional Comments From Witness: A balloon that is what I was thinking. It was so strange, so bright against other clouds that day. I was just asking if anyone knew if any kind of aircraft could produce this formation, like breaking the sound barrier. I wish I had a much longer lens; I could have gotten more details.
Note: The object could be a high altitude balloon as it bears some resemblance. The bright spot on the bottom could be a tether. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite.
Lompoc-– On November 11, 2020, I’m being mind controlled by an alien while they are learning to use me to talk with and to control my mind for the last 5 years. Stared with a little then has been escalating over time while they ask me about people and other things about humans. I’m posting this in hopes this will stop because this is hurting my brain and I’m losing memories and felling of brain damage.
Florida Lights
Melbourne– On December 15, 2020, what did I video in space last night with my Nikon P1000 camera? Watch the whole video closely and notice the 5 spokes within the wheel. It did not move and was stationary like a star or planet, which I thought it was. It was straight up in the night sky and was one of the brighter objects next to some stars. I have video and photos of it from around a half hour period. Was going to see if it was in the same spot last night, however there was complete cloud cover. I thought it was a star when I zoomed in on it with my Nikon P1000 camera on full zoom. It does not seem like a lens flare as it has the same position of the spokes and holes in every photo, video and zoom range.
Illinois Object
Chicago – On December 15, 2020, I saw a shiny object from my window in high rise apartment in downtown Chicago. Object was moving around and seemed to be heading west first I thought it could be a balloon that was shining from the sun reflection but it seemed bigger and decided to get it on video. After zooming in and further analyzing the video it looks like a saucer/disk/ship. It went fast, I was able to look at it for about 10-15 seconds before grabbing my phone and recording it a 6 second video before it disappeared from my field of vision. As you can see in the video the object maneuvered and did some kind of flip in which you can see the bottom angle of the disk as well. I would like to note that I saw a helicopter flying in the distance shortly after seeing the object (might be unrelated but mentioning just in case); the helicopter was not flying on the same direction where I saw the UFO in more detail: Object was silver/chrome all around and very shiny/reflective.
Indiana Object
Avon — I accidentally captured this while filming the solar eclipse on August 17, 2017. I tried to zoom in as much as I could.
Westville – On December 15, 2020, my video cameras observed a ball of fire type object hovering in the distance. At this point the fire was very bright and almost looks like it’s turning or spinning. It looks like it continues on a straight path and then rises into the sky. Attached are the video of the incident and a photo in the daylight showing landmarks.
Montana Cylinder
Three Forks – On December 8 2020, his was the first opportunity to photograph a reasonable quality object, This object was not in a hurry as I observed it for well over 30 min. watching the entire time for possible wings, blades, sound, speed, direction, color change, The object was stationary for a long period of time, then moved extremely slowly SE and upwards until out of sight with altitude.
New Jersey Cylinder
Bayville — Night of 12/14/20 at roughly 11:30pm I went outside my home to attempt to observe activity from the Leonid Meteor Shower. A few minutes in I observed at object shimmering/pulsating to the South of my home at a high elevation. Watching the object over a 25-30 minute window I observed it moving diagonal as well as north to south over its flight path, as well as hover for durations of time. Its movements and pulsating light were like nothing I’ve ever seen before. In way could this object be confused for conventional, military aircraft, drones or helicopters? There was no sound from the object. I took photos of the object with and without a flash, as well as recorded two 40 second videos of the object showing it in relations to the stars in the night sky as well as discussing its movement. The photo showed an object without any common mechanics of planes, etc. asks the flashed Verizon should the aura surrounding a spherical object.
Virginal Cylinder
Chesapeake– August 28, Saw cylindrical object with thicker fore and aft sections that were larger diameter than middle section, with blackish details (which may have been shadows) on silvery metallic surface areas. Noted immediately it had no wings. No control surfaces such as tail rudder or elevator. First viewed in Northeast flying in straight line toward me at about the same height and speed as a small plane, then at closest point almost directly overhead. Sun was going down in west so object was in full light. Only saw it because I had been observing particularly interesting cloud formations of several different kinds.
Wyoming Triangle
Cody– July 26, 2020, a man was watching a YouTube video which was listed as being 10 minutes in duration. He sensed that something came through the basement where he was watching the video. He came to 3 hours later not knowing what had happened. There were other people in the house, but they were all upstairs. The other people in the house didn’t see anything unusual. The man said that he felt like he has been “watched and followed” for sometime which has caused him to be quite frightened. The next day the man’s next door neighbor came by and showed him a photo of a triangular object that he saw in the sky. The photo was taken during the time that the witnessed experienced his time loss. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/
Worldwide UFO Sightings
Belgium Lights
Antwerp– On December 16, 2020, 3 glowing orbs spotted above Antwerp, Belgium. They were quite big, and it lasted about 1 minute. They stayed in the same spot before moving and disappearing behind a nearby building and never seen again. I took 2 videos and combined them into one.
Canada Sphere
Oshawa–On December 12, 2020, can’t believe I saw my first UFO after 45 years! I was driving north on Simcoe street in Oshawa, when I spotted this UFO, I pulled into a plaza and started recording, it was amazing, I have been a ufo believer since I was 15 and I couldn’t believe my eyes, I finally seen one and I’m 57 now , it was worth the wait!!!
Eire Lights
Blessington – On December 15, 2020, I saw 4-5 bright lights observed over mountainous area. Some that just appear, very bright, one observed coming from the sky. All forms light up sky around like an aura. Very odd occurrence as lights were very bright, too bright to be Chinese lanterns and appeared randomly….so definitely not flares. Objects appear to land and appear randomly, then as fast as they appeared. They all disappeared and area plunged into darkness, ruling out fire and/or other flammable objects.
Mexico Objects
Santa Rosalie –May 23, 20019, had taken from Federal Highway 1 in Baja just north west of Santa Rosalie. 3 objects caught in photo of the res Virgenes Volcano objects moved too fast to be man made
Saudi Arabia Object
al-kharj– On December 18, 2020, first I thought it was a cloud but I noticed that if was moving. I thought it was just a meteor but when I tried to take a video for the first time, it disappeared and it re appeared a few seconds later and that was the time I started taking a video.
Switzerland Space Object
In March it looks like a giant wheel moving from the left site to our planet. It’s a Picture from Stereo H2 Satellite from far away, on the right of the picture, I see the Sun. ( Erich von Däniken always say they will come back ) https://stereossc.nascom.nasa.gov/browse/2020/03/04/ahead/hi2/1024/20200304_200921_s4h2A.jpg
UK/England Lights
Portsmouth – On October 16, 2020, – 17:45 GMT myself and my girlfriend went on my balcony and saw bright lights in the sky in a triangle shape up to my left. My girlfriend grabbed her phone and my binoculars as there was something strange in the sky. The whole sighting lasted 3 minutes from start to finish. For the first 45 seconds or so the lights all appeared to be the same size and shape, something resembling a circle or oval, spaced out in the shape of a traditional isosceles triangle. After about 45 seconds, however, the 3 lights visible started moving independently of one another. The lights were more rectangular/cigar shaped, for the first 45 seconds or so, before the objects started moving independently of one another it appeared as though the object was either stationary in the sky or moving very slowly towards my position. The object(s) in its original the above account took place two months ago, but I still remember it vividly.
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Have been digging through the giant DVD you sent recently. As a relatively recent joiner, I was unaware of the years’ worth of consistent reports of the same types of objects all over. This has been very educational. Just wanted to thank you for all you’ve done. Bruce W. Freeman Attorney at Law
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Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women; God Bless Our Troops, and Georgie, Elizabeth, and Victoria Filer, and Eddie Pedrick. May the Angels be your guide and take you to paradise.
Put another way, a young person in the U.S. is nearly 11 times as likely to die in a swimming pool than in a school shooting. Few public officials would say pools are doing a poor job protecting swimmers, but the statistics suggest that we need “more lifeguards at pools, as opposed to guards at schools,” Fox said
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
CAUTION MOST OF THESE ARE INITIAL REPORTS AND REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION. If you wish to stop receiving these files, please send a message to Majorstar@verizon.net.
Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women Georgie Filer and Eddie Pedrick my grandsons who both drowned. We pray that God will bless those who read these files spiritually.
If we can’t find intelligent life in our own solar system, it would be nice to find it in one of the nearby systems. Ideally, that would be Proxima Centauri, the small red dwarf star located 4.2465 light-years away from the Sun with two confirmed exoplanets, of which one — Proxima Centauri b – is in the star’s so-called habitable zone. Its suitability for life has been in question recently, but that discussion may be mute with news from the Breakthrough Listen project that a narrow beam of 980 MHz radio waves was detected coming from Proxima Centauri in April and May 2019 by the Parkes telescope in Australia. Even more interesting, the signal shifted while under observation. Is it time for an “It’s aliens!” yell?
“It is the first serious candidate for an alien communication since the ‘Wow! Signal.'”
That quote from an unnamed scientist at the Breakthrough Listen project was given to The Guardian which broke the big story. Of course, there’s no proof over 40 years after it was detected that the Wow! signal is from intelligent life. Scientific American picked up the ball and talked to other researchers, who pointed out that signal’s bandwidth is in a range humans lack the technology to transmit in.
“We don’t know of any natural way to compress electromagnetic energy into a single bin in frequency (like this one).”
Andrew Siemion from the University of California, Berkeley, theorizes it’s a technological signal generated by something not sent by humans or a human-created satellite or spacecraft. If it’s coming from Proxima Centauri, then Proxima Centauri b is the likely source … except a recent study concluded that its habitable zone is actually much closer to it than our Sun’s – probably closer than Mercury is to the Sun. That puts Proxima Centauri b in danger of deadly solar radiation on the one side of the planet that always faces its star. That doesn’t sound good.
“If it’s an ETI it must eventually be replicable, because it’s unlikely it would be a one-off,” says “If an independent team at an independent observatory can recover the same signal, then hell yes. I would bet money that they won’t, but I would love to be wrong.”
Shami Chatterjee, a radio astronomer from New York’s Cornell University, told Scientific American the key for him would be another signal in the same bandwidth from the same location. In the meantime, Sofia Sheikh, a researcher from Penn State University who led the } analysis of the signal and is lead author on the paper detailing it, says the project has given it a name — Breakthrough Listen Candidate 1 (BLC1) – and has not lost her enthusiasm.
“It’s the most exciting signal that we’ve found in the Breakthrough Listen project, because we haven’t had a signal jump through this many of our filters before.”
When the process of elimination eliminates all of the processes, is it time for the “It’s aliens!” yell?
Keep your megaphone handy.
ALL RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
According to the National UFO Reporting Center, UFO sightings across New York City are up 31% from last year and a whopping 283% from 2018. There have been a total of 46 reported sightings so far in 2020 – there were 35 alleged sightings in 2019 and a dozen in 2018.
As for the UFOs that have been witnessed this year, Brooklyn has had the most sightings with 12, while Manhattan is close behind with 11, Queens reported 10, Staten Island had 8 sightings, and the Bronx was less active with just 5 reports.
Two of the most interesting sightings occurred in the Bronx and on Staten Island this past summer. According to the Bronx witness, in the late hours of June 8th, an individual saw 30 objects that were “flying in a perfect line, in perfect synchronicity” and that they “looked like a bunch of moving stars”. This observer made it clear that “I don’t drink, or take any drugs whatsoever. I’m not a UFO conspiracy theorist.”
As for the Staten Island sighting, in the early morning hours of July 21st, an individual noticed an “oval” object in the sky that “looked and sounded like a helicopter”. However, the object then “sent a surge of heat/radiation through my body,” the witnessed claimed, adding that they “honestly thought it was the government putting something into the air with everything going on during these times…”
Another report included a person who looked “out the bathroom window of my 2nd floor home” and noticed “orange/metallic” orbs that were “standing still over the Canarsie/Jamaica Bay area,” on the night of September 15th in Brooklyn.
And earlier this year, on February 21st, an individual in Manhattan claimed to have seen six UFOs dancing around the Statue of Liberty.
In an interview withThe Post, Peter Davenport who is the director at the National UFO Reporting Center, stated that while the reports are usually lacking quite a few details and the witnesses don’t normally give their names, he has no doubt that they’re telling the truth about their encounters. “I believe we are being visited routinely by these things we call UFOs,” he said. He even revealed that he has had “five sighting experiences”.
When The Post asked him why he thought aliens would want to visit our planet, he responded with, “You are going to have to talk to the aliens. I don’t know what these creatures are up to. What their objective might be in being here.”
I’m not sure why they would want to visit us during these crazy times. With everything going on in 2020, if the alien was smart, it would want to get as far away as possible from this planet.
A launch pad camera caught an amazing up-close view of the rocket's explosive journey.
SpaceX shared amazing footage of its Starship rocket as it belly flopped through the atmosphere and exploded upon touchdown.
The rocket — a Starship prototype called SN8 — launched on an epic high-altitude test flight from SpaceX's facility near the South Texas village of Boca Chica Wednesday (Dec. 9). SN8 took off at 5:45 p.m. EST (2245 GMT) and soared 7.8 miles (12.5 kilometers) into the air before heading back to Earth.
Video footage captured by a tracking camera on the landing pad shows the final moments of the test flight, including the rocket careening back to Earth in a wild belly flop-like maneuver.
SpaceX's Starship SN8 prototype glides back to Earth to attempt a landing during its first high-altitude test flight from its Boca Chica, Texas test site on Dec. 9, 2020. (Image credit: SpaceX)
The test flight lasted about 6 minutes and 42 seconds. After reaching its target altitude, the rocket began its descent by shutting down its three Raptor engines, one by one. The 165-foot-tall (50 meters) SN8 then tipped its nose cone forward to do a flip and try to land.
Camera footage from the landing pad captured an up-close view of the vehicle as it plunged toward Earth. In the video, which SpaceX shared on Twitter, you can see canards on the nose cone and wing flaps on the base of the rocket move to help steer SN8 during its descent. SN8's landing attempt was nearly successful until one of its engines cut out, causing the rocket to plummet to the ground too quickly and explode in a dramatic fireball.
Despite the failed landing, SpaceX founder and CEO Elon Musk shared his excitement over the results of the SN8 test flight on Twitter.
"SN8 did great! Even reaching apogee would’ve been great, so controlling all way to putting the crater in the right spot was epic!!" Musk said in a tweet.
"Fuel header tank pressure was low during landing burn, causing touchdown velocity to be high & RUD, but we got all the data we needed! Congrats SpaceX team hell yeah!!" Musk explained in another tweet.
SpaceX plans to launch additional prototypes to further develop Starship. One, called SN9, is nearly built and expected to launch on a similar test flight fairly soon. The Starship vehicle and Super Heavy rocket launch system is designed to be fully and rapidly reusable, meaning these vehicles will be capable of making many trips from Earth to Mars and back.
"Mars, here we come!" Musk said in another tweet after the SN8 test flight.
Similar findings may tell scientists about magnetic fields around exoplanets.
Scientists may have detected radio emissions from a planet orbiting a star beyond our sun for the first time.
The astronomers behind the new research used a radio telescope in the Netherlands to study three different stars known to host exoplanets. The researchers compared what they saw to observations of Jupiter, diluted as if being seen from a star system dozens of light-years away. And one star system stood out: Tau Boötes, which contains at least one exoplanet. If the detection holds up, it could open the door to better understanding the magnetic fields of exoplanets and therefore the exoplanets themselves, the researchers hope.
"We present one of the first hints of detecting an exoplanet in the radio realm," Jake Turner, an astronomer at Cornell University and lead author of the new research, said in a statement. "We make the case for an emission by the planet itself. From the strength and polarization of the radio signal and the planet's magnetic field, it is compatible with theoretical predictions."
However, Turner and his colleagues aren't yet positive that the signal they detected really is coming from the planet, dubbed Tau Boötes b; the researchers called for additional observations of the system, which is about 51 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Boötes.
The new research actually began atJupiter; the researchers had previously studied that planet's radio emissions and then tweaked those measurements to reflect the effect they expected closeness to the host star and distance from Earth would have had on their observations of an exoplanet.
Then, the scientists consulted observations made in 2016 and 2017 by the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) in the Netherlands. In addition to the potential signal from Tau Boötes b, the researchers also report that they may have picked up a signal from the star Upsilon Andromedae or its planet, but that detection was even fainter than the one from Tau Boötes b.
The researchers are interested in detecting radio emission from planets because such information may help scientists decipher what's happening in the same worlds' magnetic fields. Those magnetic fields, in turn, influence conditions on the surface of the planet — Earth's magnetic field protects the atmosphere that makes the world one we can survive, for example. Such magnetic fields can also tell scientists about other qualities of a world, like its structure and history.
An artist's depiction of the exoplanet Tau Boötes b shows a magnetic field, which may cause the radio emissions scientists believe they have detected. (Image credit: Jack Madden/Cornell University)
But so far, studying those magnetic fields directly has been difficult for scientists to manage, despite the fact that nearly every planet in our solar system has had one at some point in its history. Hence the interest in using radio emissions as an intermediate.
"We learned from our own Jupiter what this kind of detection looks like," Turner said. "We went searching for it and we found it."
But that's just the beginning of the story, not the end of it, he emphasized, since the radio emissions could still be coming from the stars or another source instead of the planet. "There remains some uncertainty that the detected radio signal is from the planet. The need for follow-up observations is critical."
The research is described in a paper that will be published by the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics and is already available to read online.
Email Meghan Bartels at mbartels@space.com or follow her on Twitter @meghanbartels. Follow uson Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.
Christmas star: Jupiter and Saturn set to align in the night sky
Christmas star: Jupiter and Saturn set to align in the night sky
ByVictoria Gill Science correspondent, BBC News
IMAGE COPYRIGHTDETLEV VAN RAVENSWAAY/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
image caption
The planets often cross paths on their journey around the Sun, but this conjunction is unusual
Jupiter and Saturn are set to cross paths in the night sky, appearing to the naked eye as a "double planet".
The timing of this conjunction, as the celestial event is known, has caused some to suggest it may have been the source of a bright light in the sky 2,000 years ago.
That became known as the Star of Bethlehem.
The planets are moving closer together each night and will reach their closest point on 21 December.
Keen stargazers in the UK will have to keep a close eye on the weather to avoid an astronomical disappointment.
"Any evening it's clear, it's worth grabbing a chance, because the weather doesn't look great," Dr Carolin Crawford from the University of Cambridge's Institute of Astronomy told the BBC.
If there is a gap in the winter gloom, both planets will appear in the southwest sky, just above the horizon shortly after sunset.
What hope for UK star-gazers?
Monday is going to be a cloudy day with rain for some and while there was some hope a few days ago that the cloud will clear away this evening, this is now looking unlikely for most. There could be a few cloud breaks across England, the best of any clear skies will now be limited to Northern Ireland and Western Scotland. You'll need to look to the south west, low on the horizon after dark but before 6.30pm when Jupiter and Saturn set below the horizon.
Is this the return of the Star of Bethlehem?
Some astronomers and theologians think so.
As Prof Eric M Vanden Eykel, a professor of religion from Ferrum College in Virginia, pointed out in an online article the timing has led to a lot of speculation "about whether this could be the same astronomical event that the Bible reports led the wise men to Joseph, Mary and the newly born Jesus".
That is not just modern, festive speculation. The theory that the conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn might be the "Star of Wonder" was proposed in the early 17th Century by Johannes Kepler, a German astronomer and mathematician.
"2,000 years ago, people were a lot more aware of what was happening in the night sky," said Dr Crawford, "[so] it's not impossible that the Star of Bethlehem was a planetary alignment like this".
How rare is the event?
As planets cross paths on their journey around the Sun, conjunctions are not particularly rare, but this one is special.
"Conjunctions are great things to see - they happen fairly often - but [for the planets to be this close] is quite remarkable," Prof Tim O'Brien, an astrophysicist from the University of Manchester, told BBC News.
The two planets - the largest in the Solar System and some of the brightest objects visible in the night sky - have not been this close to each other in a dark sky for 800 years. And while the UK forecast is not at all conducive to star-gazing, it could change.
"It changes hourly - that's just the British weather and that's astronomy for you," said Prof O'Brien.
"The planets will be setting in the southwest, so you need to get out there as soon as the sky is going dark.
"None of us is going to be around in another 400 years, so just keep an eye on the weather and pop outside if you get the chance."
Alien hunters are investigating a mysterious radio signal from our neighbouring star Proxima Centauri - causing the biggest excitement since the 'Wow' signal in 1977
Alien hunters are investigating a mysterious radio signal from our neighbouring star Proxima Centauri - causing the biggest excitement since the 'Wow' signal in 1977
A strange radio signal was first detected by the Parkes telescope in early 2019
It was a 'short-lived' signal and astronomers can't identify the original source
Astronomers are looking to see if any human-made source could be responsible
The star is 4.2 light years from the Earth and includes an Earth-like rocky planet
By Ryan Morrison For Mailonline
A mysterious radio signal from our nearest stellar neighbour, Proxima Centauri, is being 'carefully investigated' by a team of alien-hunting astronomers.
Researchers from the Breakthrough Listen Project – a £70m initiative to find alien life through radio telescopes – have been studying the radio waves since April 2019.
Proxima Centauri is 4.2 light years from Earth and has two confirmed planets, a Jupiter-like gas giant and a rocky world called Proxima b in the habitable zone.
The signal was spotted by the Parkes radio telescope in Australia in April or May 2020, according to a report in The Guardian, and, unlike previous radio bursts hasn't been attributed to any Earth-based or near-Earth human-created source.
It is likely that this signal has a natural explanation, but that hasn't stopped alien-hunting astronomers from listening more closely than they normally would.
The team say this is one of the most exciting radio signals since the 'WOW!' signal in 1977 that led many to speculate it originated from a distant alien civilisation.
Pictured, a not-to-scale representation of how far away Proxima B is from Earth compared to Voyager 1, the farthest man-made object which was launched in 1977
Artist's rendering of Proxima Centauri system. Portrayed on the right, Proxima c orbits in about 5.2 years around its host star. The system also comprises the smaller Proxima b, on the left, discovered in 2016 that orbits in the 'habitable zone' closer than Mercury is to the Sun
Proxima b is an Earth-like rocky world that orbits within the 'habitable zone' of Proxima Centauri – that is an area where liquid water could flow on the surface of the planet.
However, as Proxima Centauri is a red dwarf, the habitable zone is very close to the star, meaning the planet is likely tidally locked and exposed to intense radiation, making it unlikely any civilisation has been able to form – at least on the surface.
The radio signal was detected in the 980MHz range, and shifts in the frequency detected by the Parkes telescope are consistent with the movement of a planet.
This suggests it could be evidence of a third planet within the system, rather than signs of an alien civilisation, something researchers say would be 'very unlikely.'
Pete Worden, director of Breakthrough Initiatives, said the signals are likely interference from Earth-based sources we can't yet explain.
However, he told The Guardian that it was important to wait and see what the project scientists conclude from their close examination of the signal.
The beam being investigated hasn't been spotted since the first observation in April or May 2019, causing astronomers to speculate it is similar to the 'Wow! signal.
This was a short-lived radio signal detected from a distant star system by the Big Ear Radio Observatory in the US in 1977, and labelled with the word 'WOW!'.
Until now, that has been the best possible candidate astronomers have had to work with for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence - although like this new signal, very little is known about it or what unleashed the signal in the first place.
In this image from the Hubble Space Telescope is our relative neighbour Proxima Centauri, a low mass star in the triple-star Alpha Centauri system. Proxima Centauri is not visible to the naked eye due to its small size - eight times smaller than the Sun
The team from Breakthrough Listen are currently preparing a research paper on the findings, although no date for publication has been set.
Proxima b: The nearest exoplanet to the Earth
Proxima b is the nearest exoplanet to the Earth and the closest planet to the star Proxima Centauri.
It orbits within the habitable zone of the star - but as Proxima Centauri is a red dwarf and much smaller than the Sun this zone is very close to the star.
Proxima b orbits its star every 11.2 Earth days and has a mass of about 1.2 times that of the Earth.
The rocky world is subject to solar winds 2,000 times those experienced on Earth from the Sun.
While it is within a zone where liquid water could form - these stellar winds make it unlikely life could evolve.
The planet was discovered in August 2016 and is likely tidally locked.
For these reasons, despite being in the habitable zone, its actual habitability has not been established.
Studies have suggested the planet could have surface oceans and a thin atmosphere, but that hasn't been confirmed.
Astronomers won't know if it has water or an atmosphere until it can be seen transiting in front of its star - which has yet to happen.
If water and an atmosphere are present, even with the extensive radiation, it could be possible life has developed on the planet.
Scientists hope the James Webb Space Telescope - due to come online next year - could detect the atmosphere of Proxima Centauri b.
There is also a theoretical mission to send a probe to the planet in 2069 to search for biosignatures.
The initiative was launched by Silicon Valley tech investor Yuri Milner in 2015 to look for stray or intentional alien signals and designed to last a decade.
Breakthrough Listen involves listening out for 'technosignatures' within the range of signals coming from the universe and signatures from human-made objects.
Speaking to the Guardian, Lewis Dartnell, an astrobiologist from the University of Westminster, said it was incredibly unlikely this signal is from an alien civilisation.
'We've been looking for alien life for so long now and the idea that it could turn out to be on our front doorstep, in the very next star system, is piling improbabilities upon improbabilities,' he told The Guardian.
The professor of science communication said if there is intelligent life as close as Proxima Centauri then it is likely the galaxy is teeming with life.
'The chances of the only two civilisations in the entire galaxy happening to be neighbours, among 400bn stars, absolutely stretches the bounds of rationality,' he said.
Proxima b is also likely to be constantly bathed in stellar radiation, making it unlikely liquid water and life 'as we know it' could have formed on the rocky world.
An earlier study by University of Sydney researchers found that Proxima Centauri has regular coronal mass ejections that hit the nearby rocky planet.
This discovery was based on a different radio signal that is thought to have been caused by a particularly large ejection or solar flare from the star.
These solar flares would kill all life on a planet too close - and Proxima b is within this danger zone, and so likely showered with sterilising particles on a regular basis.
The planet is also likely tidally locked - just like the Moon is with the Earth - due to its close proximity to the star, meaning one side is always day, the other night.
'It's hard to imagine how you can have a stable climatic system and all the things you need to get from bacteria, which are hardy, up to intelligent animal life forms, which certainly are not,' Dartnell told the Guardian.
'But I'd love to be proved wrong,' he added.
It is possible there are other planets, slightly further from the star, that have yet to be discovered by astronomers, but they are likely too far away for liquid water to form.
KEY DISCOVERIES IN HUMANITY'S SEARCH FOR ALIEN LIFE
Discovery of pulsars
British astronomer Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell was the first person to discover a pulsar in 1967 when she spotted a radio pulsar.
Since then other types of pulsars that emit x-rays and gamma rays have also been spotted.
Pulsars are essentially rotating, highly magnatised neutron stars but when they were first discovered it was believed they could come from aliens.
'Wow!' radio signal
In 1977, an astronomer looking for alien life in the nigh sky above Ohio spotted a powerful radio signal so strong that he excitedly wrote 'Wow!' next to his data.
In 1977, an astronomer looking for alien life in the nigh sky above Ohio spotted a powerful radio signal so strong that he excitedly wrote 'Wow!' next to his data
The 72-second blast, spotted by Dr Jerry Ehman through a radio telescope, came from Sagittarius but matched no known celestial object.
Conspiracy theorists have since claimed that the 'Wow! signal', which was 30 times stronger than background radiation, was a message from intelligent extraterrestrials.
Fossilised martian microbes
In 1996 Nasa and the White House made the explosive announcement that the rock contained traces of Martian bugs.
The meteorite, catalogued as Allen Hills (ALH) 84001, crashed onto the frozen wastes of Antarctica 13,000 years ago and was recovered in 1984.
Photographs were released showing elongated segmented objects that appeared strikingly lifelike.
Photographs were released showing elongated segmented objects that appeared strikingly lifelike (pictured)
However, the excitement did not last long. Other scientists questioned whether the meteorite samples were contaminated.
They also argued that heat generated when the rock was blasted into space may have created mineral structures that could be mistaken for microfossils.
Behaviour of Tabby's Star in 2005
The star, otherwise known as KIC 8462852, is located 1,400 light years away and has baffled astonomers since being discovered in 2015.
It dims at a much faster rate than other stars, which some experts have suggested is a sign of aliens harnessing the energy of a star.
The star, otherwise known as KIC 8462852, is located 1,400 light years away and has baffled astonomers since being discovered in 2015 (artist's impression)
Recent studies have 'eliminated the possibility of an alien megastructure', and instead, suggests that a ring of dust could be causing the strange signals.
Exoplanets in the Goldilocks zone in 2015
In February this year astronomers announced they had spotted a star system with planets that could support life just 39 light years away.
Seven Earth-like planets were discovered orbiting nearby dwarf star 'Trappist-1', and all of them could have water at their surface, one of the key components of life.
Three of the planets have such good conditions, that scientists say life may have already evolved on them.
Researchers claim that they will know whether or not there is life on any of the planets within a decade, and said 'this is just the beginning.'
‘I’ve seen 29!’: Discover Colorado’s UFO hotspot with more sightings per capita than any place else
‘I’ve seen 29!’: Discover Colorado’s UFO hotspot with more sightings per capita than any place else
Sure, you can go and see every star in the beautiful Colorado night sky, but that’s not the real draw of this place.
“You’ve had lots of people have an experience but they can’t talk about it.” Here, at Judy Messoline’s place. They can.
In Saguache County, Colorado – UFO Watchtower is a beacon that draws the curious from all over the world. There’s plenty of activity to investigate. “Cigar-shaped, narrow and really long,” Judy describes the closest sighting near UFO Watchtower. “It went zip like that!”
She says a dozen other people saw the same thing.
Messoline also describes another phenomenon on the property. She says there are two large vortexes out front full of an unexplained energy, according to multiple reports from psychics.
Head down to UFO Watchtower in San Luis Valley to discover where the aliens have landed.
While it may be a tempting invitation that could lead to lost treasures of Egypt, anyone who has ever seen a ‘mummy’ movie knows that following one can only lead to bad things, not riches. And riches are one of the things ancient Egypt is known for. It’s no mystery how many non-local riches like gold, ivory, rare woods, and unusual wild animals were obtained – Egypt conducted a thriving trade business with many lands. One of those was the lost land of Punt – referred to in writings as Ta netjer or the “Land of the God” because it was considered to be a holy land associated with the Sun God and thought by some to be the Egyptian ancestral homeland. Despite that, little is known about where the land of Punt was actually located. That changed recently when a group of researchers followed a mummy (you knew we’d get back to that) – but not a human one … a baboon mummy. Wait … what?
“The Red Sea was witness to important events during human history, including the first long steps in a trade network (the spice route) that would drive maritime technology and shape geopolitical fortunes for thousands of years. Punt was a pivotal early node in the rise of this enterprise, serving as an important emporium for luxury goods, including sacred baboons (Papio hamadryas), but its location is disputed.”
A study led by Nathaniel J. Dominy, the Charles Hansen Professor of Anthropology at Dartmouth College, and others, published recently in eLife, describes the historical importance of Punt to the ancient world as a trader of valuable commodities, and to the Egyptians as a supplier of sacred goods. Despite its significance, historians have never agreed on its location – various spots have included northeast Ethiopia, Sudan, Eritrea on the Red Sea coast, or Somalia on the horn of Africa, reachable by the Gulf or Aden and the Indian Ocean. Its importance to Egypt is apparent by the distance needed to traverse to get there and back by sea, showing Egypt’s nautical prowess on the waters as far back as 4500 years ago. That’s a long way to go for baboons.
“Baboons were central to this commerce, so determining the location of Punt is important. For over 150 years, Punt has been a geographic mystery. Our analysis is the first to show how mummified baboons can be used to inform this enduring debate.”
Archeologists have found references to baboons, especially as a manifestation of Thoth, the god of wisdom, dating to 3,000 BCE. That explains why they were mummified with extreme care – often in a seated position with its tail wrapped and curved to the right, just like paintings of Thoth depict. Since baboons have never been native to Egypt, tracing their origin seemed to Dominy and his team like a good way to find Punt.
The story is getting good.
The study focused on mummified baboons from the New Kingdom period (1550-1069 B.C.) stored in the British Museum and specimens from the Ptolemaic period (305-30 B.C.) available in the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology at University College London. For comparison, they examined tissues from 155 baboons from 77 locations, encompassing every hypothesized location for Punt. In particular, they measured strontium isotope compositions in teeth — strontium is unique to geographic locations and stored in tooth enamel as animals (and humans) drink water. Digging through the layers to get to early enamel, the researchers found strontium from when they were young in their birthplace. Two of the mummified baboons had strontium from somewhere other than Egypt.
“The area encompasses much of present-day Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Djibouti, and portions of Somalia and Yemen.”
Punt! Well, that’s still a big area but it’s a better answer than ever determined before. (Maps can be seen in the study.) Obviously, more research is necessary. The study also found that many of the mummified baboons had no non-Egyptian strontium isotopes at all, indicating that some Egyptians got tired of waiting for native baboons and bred them themselves.
It all adds up to the first story where something good happened to those who followed a mummy.
ALL RELATED IDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
A dark storm 4,600 miles across on the distant ice giant Neptune has left astronomers confused after it changed direction, a phenomenon never seen before.
Storm vortices like Neptune's dark spot aren't unusual, but nobody had previously witnessed one turning back towards the poles after migrating to the equator.
Using images from the Hubble space telescope, University of California, Berkeley astronomers said the change of direction was 'unexpected' and surprising.
The storm is wider than the Atlantic Ocean on Earth and was first discovered by Hubble in 2018 where it was born in the northern hemisphere of Neptune.
A year later fresh observations showed the same storm migrating towards the equator and computer simulations suggested that as it got closer to the 'equatorial kill zone' it would be destroyed.
However, the latest observations from August 2020 show it clearly moving back to the north towards the polar region, a phenomenon that baffled astronomers.
Some predict it may have been caused by the breaking away of a smaller storm, also spotted by Hubble in images from August that helped it avoid breaking up fully.
Storm vortices like Neptune's dark spot aren't unusual, but nobody had previously witnessed one turning back towards the poles after migrating to the equator
This massive storm wasn't alone, according to the UC team. Images captured by Hubble in January 2020 revealed a small, similar dark spot on Neptune.
It was short lived and may have been part of the large storm that 'broke off' and dissipated - as it wasn't visible in follow up observations from August.
'We are excited about these observations because this smaller dark fragment is potentially part of the dark spot's disruption process,' said author Michael H. Wong.
'This is a process that's never been observed. We have seen some other dark spots fading away, and they're gone, but we've never seen anything disrupt, even though it's predicted in computer simulations.'
The large storm is 4,600 miles across and is the fourth dark spot Hubble has observed on Neptune since the first observations of the ice giant in 1993.
Voyager 2 - the spaceship that is now outside the solar system in interstellar space - also observed two dark storms in 1989 when it flew by the distant world.
These 'dark vortices' are high-pressure systems that can form at mid-latitudes and could then eventually migrate towards the equator on the blue planet.
They start stable - due to the Coriolis forces which cause northern hemisphere storms to rotate clockwise - but as it drifts towards the equator this effect gets weaker and the storm begins to disintegrate.
Computer simulations predicted these storms would follow a relatively straight path to the equator until there is no Coriolis effect to hold them together.
However, observations by Hubble revealed this didn't happen, in fact, as the dark spot approached the equator it began to turn back towards the polar region.
'It was really exciting to see this one act like it's supposed to act and then all of a sudden it just stops and swings back,' Wong said. 'That was surprising.'
This massive storm wasn't alone, according to the UC team. Images captured by Hubble in January 2020 revealed a small, similar dark spot on Neptune
The exact cause of the Dark Spot surviving the equatorial kill zone is unknown, but Wong believes it could be to do with the smaller dark spot seen in the images.
He dubbed it 'Dark Spot Jr' - it was about 3,900 miles across and near the side of the main spot that faces the equator - where simulations predicted it would fall apart.
'When I first saw the small spot, I thought the bigger one was being disrupted,' Wong wrote in a blog post for NASA.
'I didn't think another vortex was forming because the small one is farther towards the equator. So it's within this unstable region. But we can't prove the two are related. It remains a complete mystery.
'It was also in January that the dark vortex stopped its motion and started moving northward again,' Wong added.
'Maybe by shedding that fragment, that was enough to stop it from moving towards the equator.'
Another unusual feature of this dark spot is the absence of a lighter set of bright companion clouds surrounding it - that were visible in the 2018 Hubble images.
The Voyager 2 spacecraft sent back images of dark spots on Neptune when it did a fly by of the ice giant in 1989
These clouds form when flow of air is perturbed and diverted upwards over the vortex and causing gasses to freeze into methane ice crystals.
Astronomers plan to study this phenomenon in more detail in the hope it could reveal information on how the dark spots first evolve.
This doesn't solve the larger mystery of how these giant storms form on the ice giant, but this latest spot is the most closely studied so far thanks to Hubble.
'We wouldn't know anything about these latest dark spots if it wasn't for Hubble,' Amy Simon of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center wrote.
'We can now follow the large storm for years and watch its complete life cycle. If we didn't have Hubble, then we might think the Great Dark Spot seen by Voyager in 1989 is still there on Neptune, just like Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
'And, we wouldn't have known about the four other spots Hubble discovered.'
NASAs Hubble Space Telescope is still working and has made more than 1.3 million observations since its mission began in 1990
The Hubble telescope was launched on April 24, 1990, via the space shuttle Discovery from Kennedy Space Centre in Florida.
It is named after famed astronomer Edwin Hubble who was born in Missouri in 1889.
He is arguably most famous for discovering that the universe is expanding and the rate at which is does so - now coined the Hubble constant.
The Hubble telescope is named after famed astronomer Edwin Hubble who was born in Missouri in 1889 (pictured)
Hubble has made more than 1.3 million observations since its mission began in 1990 and helped publish more than 15,000 scientific papers.
It orbits Earth at a speed of about 17,000mph (27,300kph) in low Earth orbit at about 340 miles in altitude.
Hubble has the pointing accuracy of .007 arc seconds, which is like being able to shine a laser beam focused on Franklin D. Roosevelt's head on a dime roughly 200 miles (320km) away.
The Hubble telescope is named after Edwin Hubble who was responsible for coming up with the Hubble constant and is one of the greatest astronomers of all-time
Hubble's primary mirror is 2.4 meters (7 feet, 10.5 inches) across and in total is 13.3 meters (43.5 feet) long - the length of a large school bus.
Hubble's launch and deployment in April 1990 marked the most significant advance in astronomy since Galileo's telescope.
Thanks to five servicing missions and more than 25 years of operation, our view of the universe and our place within it has never been the same.
Move over Jupiter’s “Great Red Spot”, there’s another massive storm that’s making headlines. For the first time ever, astronomers have witnessed a storm completely reversing directions and it didn’t happen here on Earth. A gigantic storm that’s wider than Earth’s Atlantic Ocean is present on Neptune and its never-before-seen movements are completely baffling scientists.
Neptune’s dark storm, which measures about 4,600 miles across, has completely turned back around towards the north after traveling down to the equator. The storm was first observed by the Hubble Space Telescope back in 2018 in the Northern Hemisphere of Neptune and about a year later, it was seen moving towards the equator where it would more than likely die off based on computer simulations. The storms are high-pressure systems that are very stable as they travel towards the equator because the Coriolis forces make them rotate in a clockwise pattern. But as they get closer to the equator, they get weaker which causes them to disintegrate.
However, that didn’t happen. Based on observations taken in August of this year, the storm is moving back towards the Northern Hemisphere where it originated from. Some experts think that this strange movement was caused because a smaller storm broke apart from it. In fact, a smaller dark spot (but still very large at 3,900 miles across) was seen by the Hubble Space Telescope in January of this year that may have broken off of the larger storm, but that smaller one quickly died off as the images taken in August didn’t show it.
Author Michael H. Wong described what he thought of this mystery, “It was really exciting to see this one act like it’s supposed to act and then all of a sudden it just stops and swings back.” The fact that the larger storm survived the “equatorial kill zone” of the equator remains unknown but Wong suggested that by having the smaller storm break off of the bigger one, it may have stopped it from moving into that danger zone where it would have been destroyed. Their research was presented at the 2020 Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union.
This wasn’t the first storm discovered on Neptune as Hubble located three more in the past several years and Voyager 2 noticed two storms when it flew by the planet in 1989. More studies need to be conducted in order to better understand these giant storms, such as how they formed on the planet. Amy Simon from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center stated, “We wouldn’t know anything about these latest dark spots if it wasn’t for Hubble.” “We can now follow the large storm for years and watch its complete life cycle. If we didn’t have Hubble, then we might think the Great Dark Spot seen by Voyager in 1989 is still there on Neptune, just like Jupiter’s Great Red Spot.”
Several pictures of Neptune’s massive dark storm can be seen here.
Just about everyone has heard of the Black Eyed Children. Even my dad has heard of them! But, what about Black Eyed adults? Granted, such reports are in the minority, but that’s not to say there aren’t such reports. There most assuredly are. As you will now find out. Tracie Austin is a long-time friend who I first met back in 1995. At the time, Tracie and I only lived about a 45-minute-drive from each other in central, rural England. As a result, we spent a lot of time traveling to UFO conferences in the U.K. and having a good time, very often with a mutual friend, Irene Bott, who used to run the Staffordshire UFO Group. Tracie moved to the United States a couple of years before me and now lives in Las Vegas, Nevada. She has done very well for herself and has her own TV show, which is broadcast out of the heart of the city.
One of the most fascinating things that Tracie has come across is that of the Black Eyed Adults (what we might call the BEAs). She says: “I have a friend named Dana; she works in timeshare, at a resort out here in Las Vegas, on the far end of the strip. She was working one day – this was in April 2016 – when she said this lady was sent over to her, with two kids: a young boy and a girl. The girl was about six or seven and the boy was about four or five. The woman was wearing dark brown pants and had long brown hair. And the reason why the woman was sent over was because Dana gave the gifting in the timeshare company. When you listen to a presentation, you’re given a gift. But, the woman said she didn’t want a gift and Dana said, ‘When she looked at me and said that, I saw that she had total black eyes. There were no whites whatsoever [italics mine]. And the kids were exactly the same. But, in every other sense they were completely normal; they weren’t wearing the hoodies.”
Hoodies and Horrors
Tracie continues: “Dana commented, ‘I wish I had said something, like how do you see with those eyes?’ When she said that, I thought you can’t really ask them something like that. Maybe you could say, ‘Wow, your eyes are beautiful.’ But, maybe that’s bringing attention to something they don’t want you to know about. But, they could wear sunglasses all the time and no-one would know. So, maybe they are testing our reactions, they want their eyes to be seen. The kids were quiet; they didn’t say anything to her. Dana asked the woman how long she was going to be staying at the resort. And she said just one night and then they left.
“Dana said to me, ‘I couldn’t believe it, Trace; I saw after that that you were going to be doing a show on the Black-Eyed Kids.’ She reached out to me on Facebook and said, ‘I had an encounter with a Black-Eyed Woman and Black-Eyed Kids.’ Then, a couple of months after encountering this woman, Dana asked me if there was some connection between seeing them and people dying, when they have an encounter with the Black-Eyed-People. Right around a month or two after her encounter, her parents – who were both in their seventies – died. They hadn’t been sick, weren’t ill. Her father had developed kidney failure, out of the blue, and then her mother developed pneumonia. She said to me: ‘Tracie, this is freaking me out, as I hear [the Black-Eyed Children] can be omens of death.’ I said I didn’t know, as I didn’t want to scare her.”
Tracie Austin
Tracie says, too: “I also have a friend who had an experience with a Black-Eyed Man; this was in a Wal-Mart in Michigan where she saw him. I was living in California at the time and this would have been about 2004, Christmas time. They were at the check-out and he insisted that he gave a gift to her son. It was a Spiderman clock. She said where he stood in line, there was someone in between her and this man. But, when he gave the gift, it was like his hand reached through the person between them; just passed right through the flesh of this person. And what freaked her out was that he had the pure black eyes [italics mine]. She didn’t want him to accept the clock, with him being a stranger. But, he insisted.”
Perhaps, in light of all the above, we should expand our horizons and keep our eyes out for the adult versions of those creepy kids.
Mogelijk eerste radiosignalen van planeet buiten zonnestelsel ontvangen
Mogelijk eerste radiosignalen van planeet buiten zonnestelsel ontvangen
Wellicht probeert het universum de aarde een boodschap te sturen. Astronomen hebben mogelijk de eerste radiosignalen van een planeet buiten het zonnestelsel ontdekt, schrijft The Independent.
De radiosignalen lijken afkomstig te zijn van een exoplaneet, zo zeggen de onderzoekers. Ze hebben hun onderzoeksresultaten gepubliceerd in het tijdschrift Astronomy & Astrophysics. De radiostraling komt uit Ossenhoeder, een sterrenbeeld aan de noordhemel.
“Het signaal is afkomstig uit het Tau Boötis-stelsel, dat een dubbelster en een exoplaneet bevat,” zei Jake D. Turner van de Cornell-universiteit in New York. “Volgens ons is het signaal veroorzaakt door de planeet zelf.” Er is meer onderzoek nodig om de oorsprong van het signaal te bevestigen.
De astronomen ontdekten de radiostraling met behulp van een Nederlandse radiotelescoop. De planeet in het stelsel is een hete Jupiter, die minstens net zo zwaar is als onze buurplaneet, maar die veel dichter bij zijn ster staat.
Andere radiotelescopen
Als wetenschappers in staat blijken om de radiosignalen van andere werelden te analyseren, kunnen ze meer te weten komen over hun magnetische veld. Dat kan hen meer vertellen over de samenstelling van de planeet en de atmosfeer. Ze kunnen vervolgens vaststellen of zo’n planeet bewoonbaar is.
Het signaal is vrij zwak en dus zijn de astronomen van plan om andere radiotelescopen in te zetten. Die kunnen wellicht bevestigen of de raadselachtige signalen daadwerkelijk afkomstig zijn van een andere planeet buiten ons zonnestelsel.
30,000 Quakes In 4 Months! Melting Antarctic Ice Heading To Planetary Disaster Of Epic Proportions! - Epic Economist Must Video
30,000 Quakes In 4 Months! Melting Antarctic Ice Heading To Planetary Disaster Of Epic Proportions! - Epic Economist Must Video
In a year devastated by natural disasters, the melting of Antarctic ice has been worrying the scientific community. NASA has recently discovered that under the continent of Antarctica, there is a mantle plume producing almost the same amount of heat as the Yellowstone supervolcano. Consequently, ice plates have been melting at an extraordinary pace and the results of it could generate an apocalyptic catastrophe all around the planet. That’s what we are going to discuss in this video.
It’s no news that 2020 has been marked by tragedies. So far we have had a health crisis that fast spread around the globe, taking millions of lives and harming millions of others. Floods, droughts, and pests decimated crops and created a worldwide food shortage of grains, also contributing to the break of food supply chains. And now, a recent report has featured warnings of researchers of the University of Chile that revealed more than than 30,000 tremors have been registered in Antarctica since the end of August.
Scientists stated that although the majority of the quakes had small proportions, some of them hit magnitude 6. The shakes were detected in the Bransfield Strait, and although the surroundings of the strait have numerous tectonic plates and microplates, the center’s experts say that such a staggering incidence of tremors in the area has been utterly unusual.
Trembling episodes have become so recurrent the strait itself, which used to increase in width at a rate of roughly 7 or 8 mm – or 0.30 inch – a year, now has been expanding 15 cm – or 6 inches – a year, the center informed. “It’s a 20-fold increase, which suggests that right this minute the Shetland Islands are separating more quickly from the Antarctic peninsula,” described Sergio Barrientos, the center’s director.
The peninsula is one of the fastest-warming places on the entire planet, and scientists have been carefully watching the impact of climate change on icebergs and glaciers. What is happening in Antarctica right now has become a very relevant and rather alarming discussion amongst experts. Especially because the melting of Antarctic ice could impact on the quick rise of sea levels and provoke cataclysmic accidents all around the world.
Massive ice shelves have been melting from underneath for quite some time now. NASA has discovered a mantle plume almost as hot as the Yellowstone supervolcano that appears to be responsible for melting part of West Antarctica from beneath. Experts say the existence of an immense mantle plume could be the reason why this land is so unstable today, and why it collapsed so fast 11,000 years ago, at the end of the last Ice Age.
Analysts the continent’s conditions are starting to become unsettling. If that’s the case we could soon be witnessing a scenario we have only seen before in dystopian movies. Live Science has reported that “half of Antarctica’s ice shelves could collapse in a flash”. In fact, the rise in sea level is a phenomenon that has been preoccupying academic circles for decades. Considering the average expansion of all the seas on the planet, the land is being gradually swallowed up by ocean water and the tendency is that this situation will only worsen.
If you’re wondering what could happen if Antarctica’s ice melting process vastly accelerated and suddenly pushed sea levels up, National Geographic has published a projection on how the world would look like if all the ice melted, and their study uncovered that “the entire Atlantic seaboard would vanish, along with Florida and the Gulf Coast”. That is to say, every city that sits along the east coast of the United States would disappear. In California, San Francisco’s hills would become a cluster of islands and the Central Valley a giant bay. The Gulf of California would stretch north past the latitude of San Diego – not that there’d be a San Diego.
These changes are about to affect our lives in ways we could never have imagined. And no place on the planet will remain untouched by the calamities brought by environmental catastrophes. We are just at the start of a process that will alter the Earth’s landscape and all of our lives forever. That’s why experts say that if the ice in Antarctica starts to melt much more quickly, nothing will ever be the same.
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Adalatherium is an important piece in a very large puzzle on early mammalian evolution in the southern hemisphere, one in which most of the other pieces are still missing
The bizarre features of this mammal have scientists perplexed as to how it could have evolved; “it bends and even breaks a lot of rules”
New research published today in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology describes a bizarre 66 million-year-old mammal that provides profound new insights into the evolutionary history of mammals from the southern supercontinent Gondwana – recognized today as Africa, South America, Australia, Antarctica, the Indian subcontinent, and the Arabian Peninsula.
Named Adalatherium, which, translated from the Malagasy and Greek languages means “crazy beast,” it is described based on a nearly complete, exquisitely preserved skeleton, the most complete for any mammal yet discovered in the southern hemisphere prior to the extinction of the dinosaurs.
The research, carried out over 20 years, demonstrates that Adalatherium was a “giant” relative to the mostly shrew- or mouse-sized mammals that lived during the Cretaceous period.
Its “bizarre” features include more trunk vertebrae than most other mammals, muscular hind limbs that were placed in a more sprawling position (similar to modern crocodiles) coupled with brawny sprinting front legs that were tucked underneath the body (as seen in most mammals today), front teeth like a rabbit and back teeth completely unlike those of any other known mammal, living or extinct, and a strange gap in the bones at the top of the snout.
A team of 14 international researchers led by Dr David Krause (Denver Museum of Nature & Science) and Dr Simone Hoffmann (New York Institute of Technology) published the comprehensive description and analysis of this opossum-sized mammal that lived among dinosaurs and massive crocodiles near the end of the Cretaceous period (145–66 million years ago) on Madagascar.
The 234-page monographic treatment, consisting of seven separate chapters, is part of the prestigious Society of Vertebrate Paleontology (SVP) Memoir Series, a special yearly publication that provides a more in-depth treatment of the most significant vertebrate fossils. Initial announcement of the discovery was made in the journal Nature earlier this year.
Adalatherium, from Madagascar, belongs to an extinct group of mammals known as gondwanatherians, which were first discovered in the 1980s and, until recently, were only represented by a few isolated teeth and jaw fragments. But even those meager remains already indicated that gondwanatherians were very different from other contemporaneous mammals. So many mysteries had surrounded gondwanatherians that it was unclear how they fit into the mammalian family tree.
Now the research team presents the first skeleton for this mysterious group that once roamed much of South America, Africa, Madagascar, the Indian subcontinent, and even Antarctica.
The completeness and excellent preservation of the skeleton of Adalatherium opens new windows into what gondwanatherians looked like and how they lived, but the bizarre features still have the team perplexed.
“Knowing what we know about the skeletal anatomy of all living and extinct mammals, it is difficult to imagine that a mammal like Adalatherium could have evolved; it bends and even breaks a lot of rules,” Krause explains.
Although the life-like reconstruction of Adalatherium is superficially similar to a run-of-the-mill badger, its “normality” is only skin deep. Below the surface, its skeleton is nothing short of outlandish.
As Hoffmann puts it, “Adalatherium is simply odd. Trying to figure out how it moved, for instance, was challenging because its front end is telling us a completely different story than its back end.”
Adalatherium
Credit Simone Hoffmann and Kathrine Pan
While its muscular hind legs and big claws on the back feet may indicate that Adalatherium was a powerful digger (like badgers), its front legs were less brawny and are more similar to those of living mammals that can run fast.
The limbs of Adalatherium also indicate that its posture was a hybrid between those of living mammals and more ancient relatives. Its forelimbs were tucked underneath the body (as seen in most mammals today) but its hind limbs were more sprawling (as in crocodiles and lizards).
This is not were the strangeness stops.
The teeth of Adalatherium, reconstructed by employing high-resolution micro-computed tomography and extensive digital modeling, are indicative of herbivory but are otherwise beyond bizarre.
Not only did Adalatherium have rabbit- or rodent-like ever-growing front teeth, but the back teeth are completely unlike those of any other known mammal, living or extinct. If just these teeth had been found, the mystery of what this animal was would likely not have been solved! Added to the seeming chaos is a hole in the top of the snout for which there is simply no parallel.
About the size of a Virginia opossum, the 3.1 kg Adalatherium was very large for its day. While not particularly large by today’s standards, it was a giant compared to the mostly shrew- and mouse-sized mammals living in the Cretaceous.
The geological history of Gondwana provides clues as to why Adalatherium is so bizarre.
Adalatherium was found in rocks dated to near the end of the Cretaceous, at roughly 66 million years ago. At this time Madagascar had already been an island separated from Africa for over 150 million years and from the Indian subcontinent for over 20 million years. “Islands are the stuff of weirdness,” says Krause, “and there was therefore ample time for Adalatherium to develop its many extraordinarily peculiar features in isolation.”
“Adalatherium is an important piece in a very large puzzle on early mammalian evolution in the southern hemisphere, one in which most of the other pieces are still missing,” adds Hoffmann.
More than anything, the discovery of Adalatherium underscores how much more remains to be learned from new finds of early mammals in Madagascar and other parts of the southern hemisphere.
The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir series represents one of the few print publishing platforms for monographic treatments like that completed for Adalatherium by Krause and Hoffmann. Particularly notable is that this work uses an extensive digital modeling (µCT) approach, with the data accessible to researchers via Morphosource (www.morphosource.org); phylogenetic information used in the comprehensive study is accessible via Morphobank (www.morphobank.org).
Funding used in support of the field and laboratory research was provided by the National Science Foundation and the National Geographic Society.
Contacts and sources:
Simon Wesson
Taylor and Francis Group
Publication:
Introduction to Adalatherium hui (Gondwanatheria, Mammalia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar
Thirty meter UFO in Area 51, still there! At Airport Hanger! Google Earth Map, UFO Sighting News.
Thirty meter UFO in Area 51, still there! At Airport Hanger! Google Earth Map, UFO Sighting News.
I found this 30 meter UFO parked under a hanger about 12 years ago and wanted to check on it to see if its still there. It is still there. So thats good to know. The disk actually had a hanger being built all around it. Its clear that they wanted to hide it inside a structure from prying eyes, but the google satellite caught sight of it in 2006 and took this map photo of it. Super cool, but does take an understanding of how to use the history button.
This is 100% proof that the USAF had UFOs way back in 2006. Talking about it is one thing...seeing satellite evidence is 100% proof.
People can figure out every single thing on Facebook, poking you, hitting you with pillows, messaging you even spying on your life, yet something as easy as the year button in lower left to view history...bewilders people.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
VIDEO BELOW HAS SHADOW ADDED TO SEE THE SURFACE AND DEPTH OF THE UFO BETTER.
The Milky Way’s central black hole may have turned nearby red giant stars blue
The Milky Way’s central black hole may have turned nearby red giant stars blue
A powerful blast from the supermassive black hole may explain a lack of large, red stars there
The Milky Way’s galactic center, shown here in radio waves (red) and x-rays (green and blue), has a supermassive black hole that may have whittled away nearby red giants.
X-RAY: CXC/NASA, D. WANG ET AL./UMASS; RADIO: MEERKAT/SARAO
Innumerable stars reside within 1.6 light-years of the Milky Way’s central black hole. But this same crowded neighborhood has fewer red giants — luminous stars that are large and cool — than expected.
Now astrophysicists have a new theory why: The supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*, launched a powerful jet of gas that ripped off the red giants’ outer layers. That transformed the stars into smaller red giants or stars that are hotter and bluer, Michal Zajaček, an astrophysicist at the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, and colleagues suggest in a paper published online November 12 in the Astrophysical Journal.
Today Sagittarius A* is quiet, but two enormous bubbles of gamma-ray-emitting gas rooted at the center of the Milky Way tower far above and below the galaxy’s plane (SN: 12/9/20). These gas bubbles imply the black hole sprang to life some 4 million years ago when something fell into it.
At that time, a disk of gas around the black hole shot a powerful jet of material into its star-studded neighborhood, Zajaček and colleagues propose. “The jet preferentially acts on large red giants,” he says. “They can be effectively ablated by the jet.” The biggest and brightest red giants seem to be missing near the galactic center, Zajaček says.
Red giants are vulnerable because they are large and their envelopes of gas tenuous. A red giant forms from a smaller star after the star’s center gets so full of helium that it can no longer burn its hydrogen fuel there. Instead, the star starts to burn hydrogen in a layer around the center, which makes the star’s outer layers expand, causing its surface to cool and turn red. As a result, some red giants are more than a hundred times the diameter of the sun, making them easy pickings for the jet.
Still, Zajaček says that as red giants orbit the black hole, they must pass through the jet hundreds or thousands of times before becoming hot, blue stars. The jet is most effective at removing red giants within 0.13 light-years of the black hole, the team calculates.
“The idea is plausible,” says Farhad Yusef-Zadeh, an astronomer at Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill., who was not involved with the study.
Tuan Do, an astronomer at UCLA, adds “it may take a combination of several of these kinds of mechanisms to fully explain the lack of the red giants.” In particular, he says, something other than a jet likely accounts for the paucity of red giants farther away from the black hole.
One candidate, say Zajaček and Do, is a large disk of gas that circled the black hole a few million years ago. This disk spawned stars that now orbit the black hole in a single plane. These young stars exist as far as 1.6 light-years from the black hole, which is also the extent of the red giant gap. As red giants revolved around the black hole and repeatedly plunged through the disk, its gas may have torn off their outer layers, explaining another part of the galactic center’s red star shortage.
Jupiter and Saturn Will Form Rare "Christmas Star" on Winter Solstice
On December 21, Jupiter and Saturn will appear closer in Earth’s night sky than they have since 1226 A.D. You can watch the event live here, courtesy of Lowell Observatory.
On December 21, Jupiter and Saturn will get so close in the sky that they will almost appear to merge with one another. Such a conjunction has not occurred in December for some 800 years.
(Credit: Astronomy: Roen Kelly)
This December, Jupiter and Saturn will put on a show for skygazers that hasn't been seen in roughly 800 years. Astronomers are calling it the Great Conjunction of 2020. On December 21 — coincidentally the winter solstice — the two largest planets in our solar system will appear to almost merge in Earth’s night sky.
During the event, Jupiter and Saturn will sit just 0.1 degrees apart, or a mere one-fifth the width of the moon. The sight will likely leave many casual observers wondering "What are those large, bright objects so close together in the sky?"
In fact, Jupiter and Saturn will be so close that you will be able to fit them both in the same telescopic field of view. That’s an incredibly rare occurrence. The last time Jupiter and Saturn were this close together was in 1226 A.D., at a time when Genghis Khan was conquering large swaths of Asia, and Europe was still generations away from the Renaissance.
Humanity won’t have to wait quite as long to see the solar system’s two largest planets repeat this month's performance, though. Another Great Conjunction will occur in 2080. Of course, many of us alive today won’t be around then, so it would be wise to soak in this show while you can.
How to Find Jupiter and Saturn
Though not perfect, your hand (with your arm fully outstretched) is a great tool for estimating angles in the night sky.
(Credit: The Conversation)
For much of the year, Jupiter and Saturn have shared the same region of sky. The pair begin the month of December just 2 degrees apart, creating an already impressive sight. Now, you can find them both in the southwestern sky just after sunset, located some 20 degrees above the horizon at 6 P.M. local time.
By mid-month, they’ll be just one moon-width apart. On December 16, the moon will sit just 5 degrees away from the pair, offering a handy comparison. They’ll reach greatest conjunction on December 21.
Conjunctions happen when two celestial objects appear to pass close to one another as seen from Earth. Of course, those objects aren’t necessarily physically close, they simply look that way because of their orbital alignment.
Conjunctions are extremely common, though. Throughout the year, the moon regularly appears alongside a number of planets and bright stars. And two or more planets come together relatively frequently. However, having two bright planets like Jupiter and Saturn pair up is extremely rare.
The last conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn happened in May 2000. That close approach in our sky occurred relatively near the sun, which made it hard to observe. A similar thing occurred in 1623 A.D., when Jupiter and Saturn brushed shoulders near the sun.
Jupiter and Saturn Conjunction 2020
On December 21, Jupiter and Saturn will have a "Great Conjunction" in Earth's night sky. The two planets will appear so close together that they'll almost look like one object.
(Credit: Roen Kelly/Astronomy)
We don’t have to worry about that this time. Throughout the month, the gas giants will be hard to miss. Jupiter shines brighter than any star in the sky at magnitude -2.0, while Saturn is dimmer at magnitude 0.6 — though the Ringed Planet is still quite bright.
So, you certainly won’t need binoculars or a telescope to see the Great Conjunction of 2020. But if you do have observing equipment, you’ll be able to zoom in and watch the dance of Jupiter's four moons — Europa, Io, Callisto and Ganymede.
Then, without moving the telescope, you can slightly shift your gaze to Saturn and its magnificent rings. Despite the significant size difference between the planets, Saturn’s massive rings mean the two worlds both appear to have about the same diameter when viewed through a telescope.
As the conjunction reaches its climax on December 21, scopes located in the Eastern United States will be able to catch Ganymede as it transits Jupiter for three and a half hours starting at 7:04 P.M. EST. Meanwhile, telescopic observers on the West Coast will see Ganymede’s shadow hovering over Jupiter’s cloud tops by 9:40 P.M. EST.
You can watch a livestream of the Great Conjunction of 2020 below, courtesy of Lowell Observatory. Beginning at 7 p.m. EST on December 21, Lowell astronomers and educators will share spectacular live views of Jupiter and Saturn through observatory telescopes while discussing the nature of conjunctions.
No Astrological Meaning to the Sight
Seekers of celestial significance will likely see the whole event as some sort of sign related to the kind of year 2020 has been. But you don’t have to put any stock in astrology (nor should you) to revel in the astounding beauty of this conjunction.
As you enjoy the show this month, keep in mind that Jupiter appears brighter because it’s bigger and closer than Saturn. Jupiter sits just over half a billion miles away, while Saturn is roughly double that distance. So, as you look out at the two, you’re really staring down the barrel of our solar system and out into interstellar space.
This cosmic perspective is a precious reminder of our place in the solar system. And hopefully, it makes us all feel a bit closer and more connected to the outer planets, even if the pandemic has us feeling farther apart than ever before.
Posted by Deborah Byrd in ASTRONOMY ESSENTIALS | EARTH
Late dawn. Early sunset. Short day. Long night. December solstice 2020 arrives on December 21 at 10:02 UTC. High summer for the Southern Hemisphere. For the Northern Hemisphere, the return of more sunlight!
Check this out … the Breathing Earth. It’s a year of seasonal transformations on our planet. John Nelson created this animation, using images from the NASA Visible Earth team. Read more about the animation via John Nelson.
For us in the Northern Hemisphere, the December solstice marks the longest nights and shortest days of the year. Meanwhile, the Southern Hemisphere is having short nights and long days. The 2020 December solstice moment – when the sun reaches its southernmost point in the sky – will happen on Monday, December 21, 2020, at 10:02 UTC (4:02 a.m.CST; translate UTC to your time).
No matter where you live on Earth’s globe – no matter what time the solstice happens for you – it’s your signal to celebrate.
View larger. | Ian Hennes in Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada, created this solargraph between a June solstice and a December solstice. It shows the path of the sun during that time period. Thank you, Ian!
Sunlight on Earth, at the December solstice. North Pole in 24-hour darkness; South Pole in 24-hour daylight.
Gif via Wikimedia Commons.
When is the solstice?
The solstice happens at the same instant for all of us, everywhere on Earth. In 2020, the December solstice comes on December 21 at 4:02 a.m. CST. That’s 10:02 Universal Time (UTC). It’s when the sun on our sky’s dome reaches its farthest southward point for the year. At this solstice, the Northern Hemisphere has its shortest day and longest night of the year.
Just remember: you’re translating from 10:02 UTC on December 21. For example, if you live in Perth, Australia, you need to add 8 hours to Universal Time to find out that the solstice happens at 18:02 (6:02 p.m.) AWST (Australian Western Standard Time).
An animation of Earth as it orbits, with points marking both equinoxes and solstices along with relevant information.
The earliest people on Earth knew that the sun’s path across the sky, the length of daylight, and the location of the sunrise and sunset all shifted in a regular way throughout the year. They built monuments such as Stonehenge in England – or, for example, at Machu Picchu in Peru – to follow the sun’s yearly progress.
But we today see the solstice differently. We can picture it from the vantage point of space. Today, we know that the solstice is an astronomical event, caused by Earth’s tilt on its axis and its motion in orbit around the sun.
Because Earth doesn’t orbit upright, but is instead tilted on its axis by 23 1/2 degrees, Earth’s Northern and Southern Hemispheres trade places in receiving the sun’s light and warmth most directly. The tilt of the Earth – not our distance from the sun – is what causes winter and summer. At the December solstice, the Northern Hemisphere is leaning most away from the sun for the year.
At the December solstice, Earth is positioned in its orbit so that the sun stays below the North Pole horizon. As seen from 23 1/2 degrees south of the equator, at the imaginary line encircling the globe known as the Tropic of Capricorn, the sun shines directly overhead at noon. This is as far south as the sun ever gets. All locations south of the equator have day lengths greater than 12 hours at the December solstice. Meanwhile, all locations north of the equator have day lengths less than 12 hours.
For us on the northern part of Earth, the shortest day comes at the solstice. After the winter solstice, the days get longer, and the nights shorter. It’s a seasonal shift that nearly everyone notices.
Earth has seasons because our world is tilted on its axis with respect to our orbit around the sun.
Image via NASA.
Where should I look to see signs of the solstice in nature?
Everywhere.
For all of Earth’s creatures, nothing is so fundamental as the length of daylight. After all, the sun is the ultimate source of all light and warmth on Earth.
If you live in the Northern Hemisphere, you can notice the late dawns and early sunsets, and the low arc of the sun across the sky each day. You might notice how low the sun appears in the sky at local noon. And be sure to look at your noontime shadow. Around the time of the December solstice, it’s your longest noontime shadow of the year.
In the Southern Hemisphere, it’s opposite. Dawn comes early, and dusk comes late. The sun is high. It’s your shortest noontime shadow of the year.
Around the time of the winter solstice, watch for late dawns, early sunsets, and the low arc of the sun across the sky each day. Notice your noontime shadow, the longest of the year.
Why doesn’t the earliest sunset come on the shortest day?
The December solstice marks the shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere and longest day in the Southern Hemisphere. But the earliest sunset – or earliest sunrise if you’re south of the equator – happens before the December solstice. Many people notice this, and ask about it.
The key to understanding the earliest sunset is not to focus on the time of sunset or sunrise. The key is to focus on what is called true solar noon, the time of day that the sun reaches its highest point in its journey across your sky.
In early December, true solar noon comes nearly 10 minutes earlier by the clock than it does at the solstice around December 21. With true noon coming later on the solstice, so will the sunrise and sunset times.
It’s this discrepancy between clock time and sun time that causes the Northern Hemisphere’s earliest sunset and the Southern Hemisphere’s earliest sunrise to precede the December solstice.
The discrepancy occurs primarily because of the tilt of the Earth’s axis. A secondary but another contributing factor to this discrepancy between clock noon and sun noon comes from the Earth’s elliptical – oblong – orbit around the sun. The Earth’s orbit is not a perfect circle, and when we’re closest to the sun, our world moves fastest in orbit. Our closest point to the sun – or perihelion – comes in early January. So we are moving fastest in orbit around now, slightly faster than our average speed of about 18.5 miles per second (30 kilometers per second). The discrepancy between sun time and clock time is greater around the December solstice than the June solstice because we’re nearer the sun at this time of year.
Solstice sunsets, showing the sun’s position on the local horizon at December 2015 (left) and June 2016 (right) solstices from Mutare, Zimbabwe, via Peter Lowenstein.
The precise date of the earliest sunset depends on your latitude. At mid-northern latitudes, it comes in early December each year. At northern temperate latitudes farther north – such as in Canada and Alaska – the year’s earliest sunset comes around mid-December. Close to the Arctic Circle, the earliest sunset and the December solstice occur on or near the same day.
By the way, the latest sunrise doesn’t come on the solstice either. From mid-northern latitudes, the latest sunrise comes in early January.
The exact dates vary, but the sequence is always the same: earliest sunset in early December, shortest day on the solstice around December 22, latest sunrise in early January.
And so the cycle continues.
Solstice Pyrotechnics II by groovehouse/ Flickr.
Bottom line:The 2020 December solstice takes place on Monday, December 21 at 10:02 UTC (4:02 a.m. CST; translate UTC to your time). It marks the Northern Hemisphere’s shortest day (first day of winter) and Southern Hemisphere’s longest day (first day of summer). Happy solstice to all!
With all of the successes SpaceX has had recently – even the recent explosion upon landing of a Starship SN8 was spun into a success — it’s easy to forget the company had a number of significant failures on the road to stardom. One of those was a SpaceX 9 Falcon rocket explosion during a prelaunch test in September 2016 – an event whose video showed a mysterious UFO near the rocket… a UFO that even CEO Elon Musk could not rule out as a possible cause. While the explosion was eventually traced to the rupture of a helium-filled pressure vessel, the UFO was never explained – leaving it open to conspiracy theories. Those conspiracies came back recently when a video taken the day before the SN8 explosion – on December 8 when the launch was delayed for a day – shows a glowing orb over the ill-fated rocket. Are these connectable dots? If so, who or what is monitoring SpaceX’s failures?
“UFO STOPS LAUNCH”
The video was first uploaded by the LabPadre YouTube channel which covers SpaceX’s Boca Chica, Texas, live launches and testing. However, the UFO seems to have been spotted first by YouTuber A.I. Food, who uploaded it on December 11 with the above comment. It needed quite a bit of zooming to see and that made it difficult to determine just how close the UFO was to the SN8. UFO Sightings Daily posted a longer video on December 17 which had the obligatory red circle around the UFO but still didn’t put it in perspective next to the rocket. Nonetheless, it was enough for the site’s Scott Waring to add his usual “This UFO is 100% aliens” analysis.
“Orb Over SpaceX Rocket Launch, Camera Guy Zooms In, Stops Launch!”
Interestingly, Waring thinks this shows that the “aliens” support Elon Musk, even though the same rocket exploded on landing the following day … just as the Falcon 9 exploded in 2016 with a UFO overhead. That certainly doesn’t sound like support. On the other hand, UFOs were also seen during the SpaceX launch on May 30 taking astronauts to the ISS – the historic first launch of NASA astronauts on a commercially built spacecraft. Show of support or just debris and fertile imaginations?
Although Waring denies the possibility, the most recent orb could certainly be one of the drones that are used to monitor SpaceX launches, seen at such a distance that the pixels can’t be formed into a discernible shape. That fact that this and the other UFO appeared within 24 hours of the rocket on the pad being lost could certainly suggest something more than coincidence. Could it be an ironic payback to SpaceX for causing so many false UFO sightings with its nighttime launches and those annoying trains of Starlink satellites?
Aliens expressing their approval or disproval? Space debris? Drones? SpaceX rivals spying? Whatever it is, it accomplishes the one thing Elon Musk craves … publicity.
My previous article was titled “Taking a Look at Those Mysterious Ghost Lights.” In part, the article went like this went like this: “Over the years I’ve been asked for my thoughts on what have popularly become known as ‘Ghost Lights.’ Well, I can say for sure I’ve heard all sorts of theories for what they might really be. Those theories include some kind of intelligent ball of energy, the souls of the dead (people and animals), shapeshifting aliens, ball lightning, and entry points to other dimensions. Of course, there may be numerous other theories, too, but these are most definitely ones that I often hear about. I can’t say, at all, that I’m an expert in this field; however, I do have an interest in the subject.” I have to say I think at least some so-called Ghost Lights might actually be the creations of military agencies looking to use them on the battlefield. While such a thing might sound too way out for some people, bear with me.
There’s a distinct possibility some Ghost Lights are that rarely seen phenomenon called ball lightning. And what might that be? Read on. The following words are from the people at EarthSky: “Ball lightning is one of the best-known natural phenomena that few have seen. Until recent years, most scientists remained skeptical about ball lightning; it seemed more myth than reality. Nowadays, ball lightning’s street cred among scientists is stronger, but it’s still the case that most of the images you see online purporting to be ball lightning are just over-exposed images of ordinary lightning. In fact, no expert we asked could point us to an actual image of ball lightning in nature. What is ball lightning? Since the time of the early Greeks, there’ve been reports of small balls of bright plasma-like light moving over the ground and then vanishing. The explanation still eludes scientists for the most part, although various explanations have now been offered.”
Over the years, I have taken a deep interest in the matter of ball lightning. As my research has progressed, I have used the Freedom of Information Act and requested – from many of the ABC agencies within government – copies of any and all papers dealing with ball lightning. Some of the material that was released to me was highly intriguing. The long list included: Theory of the Lightning Ball and its Application to the Atmospheric Phenomenon Called ‘Flying Saucers’, that was put together by Carl Benadicks in 1954; Ball Lightning: A Survey, prepared by one J.R. McNally for the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee [year unknown]; D.V. Ritchie’s Reds May Use Lightning as a Weapon, which popped up in the pages of Missiles and Rockets in August 1959; and An Experimental and Theoretical Program to Investigate the Feasibility of Confining Plasma in Free Spaceby Radar Beams, the latter being the work of a C.M. Haaland, in 1960, for the Armor Research Foundation, situated in the Illinois Institute of Technology.
One document really stood out: Survey of Kugelblitz Theories for Electromagnetic Incendiaries. It was the brainchild of W.B. Lyttle and C.E. Wilson. At the time, they were in the employ of Melpar, Inc., which is described as “an American government contractor in the 20th century Cold War period. At a time when most employment in Washington, D.C. was directly by the U.S. federal government, Melpar became an early private sector contracting company training a high technology workforce in the area.” Lyttle and Wilson were assigned to the Edgewood Arsenal, and to what was intriguingly titled as a “New Concepts Division / Special Project”” operation. At the beginning of their 92-pages-long report, the two wrote: “The purpose of this study was to review the theory and experimental data on ball lightning, to compare the existing theory and experimental data to determine whether ball lightning is a high or low energy phenomenon, and if it is a high energy phenomenon define an effective theoretical and experimental program to develop a potential incendiary weapon [italics mine].”
The pair added: “Three major categories were established for the purpose of grouping the numerous theories on the subject. These categories are the classical plasma theories, the quantum plasma theories, and the non-plasma theories. A theoretical and experimental Kugelblitz program is recommended by which the most promising high energy theories could be developed so that a weapons application could be realized.” On the matter of what, exactly, ball lightning was, the pair had a few ideas. Those same ideas included a “plasma created by a lightning strike and maintained by electromagnetic standing waves;” a “non-plasma phenomenon;” and the “nuclear theory;” which was “based on the assumption that the content of the ball is radioactive carbon-14 created from atmospheric nitrogen by the action of thermal neutrons liberated by a lightning strike.” Wilson and Lyttle said that “since the high energy Kugelblitz is clearly the only type weapon of importance, we believe that the major effort should be expended along these lines.” The effort continued.
Keep one important thing in mind: the document I quoted from dates back from the mid-1960s. That makes me wonder just how much we might have advanced – in relation to the utilization of ball lightning – since then?
Morgen verschijnt dit fenomeen aan de hemel voor de eerste keer sinds middeleeuwen
Astronomen kijken uit naar morgen, 21 december, de kortste dag van het jaar. Die dag staan Jupiter en Saturnus vanuit ons perspectief op aarde zodanig op bijna dezelfde lijn dat ze één heldere ster lijken, ook al staan de twee gasreuzen in werkelijkheid miljoenen kilometers van elkaar.
Zulke ‘grote conjuctie’ doet zich ongeveer om de twintig jaar voor, maar dit betekent niet dat het fenomeen telkens zichtbaar is. Als de twee planeten te dicht tegen de zon staan, speelt dit de waarneming zwaar parten. Iets wat deze keer heel goed meevalt. Ook de afstand tussen de twee planeten, afhankelijk van de positie van de aarde, is zeldzaam klein. Het zou dan voor het eerst sinds 4 maart 1226 zijn dat de conjuctie goed waarneembaar is. Telescopen bestonden toen nog niet, het fenomeen was die middeleeuwse dag in de vroege ochtend ongeveer een kwartier lang te zien in onze streken, stelt New Scientist.
Wie maandag een poging wil wagen de conjuctie te aanschouwen, moet in het eerste uur na zonsondergang naar buiten. In Brussel gaat die dag de zon onder om 16.39 uur. Ook moeten we hopen op een heldere hemel. Het KMI verwacht voorlopig voor maandag regenachtig weer...
Hoge gebouwen belemmeren het zicht, voor een optimale waarneming is een open plek uitkiezen een must. Dit omdat de conjunctie redelijk laag plaatsvindt. Onze blik moet zich richten naar het zuidwesten. Met een verrekijker zou het mogelijk moeten zijn de ringen van Saturnus te kunnen zien.
21 december geldt als hoogtepunt, in de dagen nadien bewegen de planeten van elkaar weg en gaan ze lager aan de hemel staan, wat hun zichtbaarheid doet verminderen.
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Ancient Aliens Bombshell! Lost Race of Biblical Giants Uncovered
Ancient Aliens Bombshell! Lost Race of Biblical Giants Uncovered
Ancient Aliens: Lost Race of Biblical Giants Uncovered (Season 15) | History
“Ancient Aliens” explores the controversial theory that extraterrestrials have visited Earth for millions of years. HISTORY® is the leading destination for award-winning original series and specials that connect viewers with history in an informative, immersive, and entertaining manner across all platforms.
The network’s all-original programming slate features a roster of hit series, premium documentaries, and scripted event programming.
I found an interesting human-like face on the side of a hill on Mars in a Mars photo today. The face has features similar to us, forehead, eyes, nose, lips chin, neck. It's made from materials in the hill itself, much how humans have carved faces in Mount Rushmore in South Dakota. It measures about 4 meters tall and is looking out over Mars. Undeniable proof that aliens similar to humanity once walked the surface of Mars long, long ago.
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Glowing Discs Appear On The Horizon
Glowing Discs Appear On The Horizon
The strange event happened near Le Bourg-Dun, Haute-Normandie in France when a photographer captured several colorful glowing discs in the night sky.
The photographer was on a plain path with his photography equipment (Nikon D600 & Nikon 28mm F1.8 lens plus tripod and wired remote control) for a night landscape session.
He arrived at the place near Le Bourg-Dun, Haute-Normandie at about 10.30 pm, took several pictures of the landscape when a bright colorful disc-shaped light appeared on the northwest horizon for a few seconds.
A few seconds later, another similar light appeared, but much closer to its observation site, when it suddenly brightened to orange-red light as it floated for about seconds before disappearing.
Then, a few seconds later, another colorful disc-shaped light appeared, but this time there were two of them, floating and visible for about 10 seconds. The entire observation of these lights took about 40 minutes.
Later, while checking the internet for these strange anomalies in the night sky, he was surprised to learn that several other people in France had also seen them, but at different times of the night.
Since the event took place a few days before New Years Eve on December 28, 2016, we may wonder whether these strange lights may have actually been fireworks.
However, we may assume that the photographer should recognize fireworks, but he did not talk about it, indicating that he has seen something that is inexplicable to him. Mufon.
UFOs filmed over Iztaccíhuatl Volcano in Mexico 9-Dec-2020
UFOs filmed over Iztaccíhuatl Volcano in Mexico 9-Dec-2020
These bright unidentified flying objects were filmed in the sky above Iztaccíhuatl Volcano in Central Mexico. This happened on 9th December 2020! You can find more videos about UFO activity near volcanoes at this link:
This daytime footage of a bright (solid?) UFO was filmed in the skies above Johannesburg in South Africa. This happened yesterday (on 19th December 2020).
Everyone needed a respite from 2020, and tales of discovery provided a happy distraction from the worries of the day. Here are a few reminders that we still live in a world full of wonders.
Flowers at the South Pole
Antarctica was once home to a diverse rainforest. The unearthing of traces of vegetation in 90-million-year-old sediments off the coast of West Antarctica shows just how radically different the planet was during the age of dinosaurs, with conifers, ferns and blooming flowers where an ice sheet sits today (SN: 4/1/20).
Roughly 90 million years ago, a diverse rainforest (shown in this artist’s reconstruction) flourished within about 1,000 kilometers of the South Pole.J. MCKAY/ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE (CC BY 4.0)
Life finds a way
Researchers are still identifying new species and cataloging the amazing diversity of life on Earth. This year saw the discovery that the sparkly “Elvis worm” of the deep sea is actually four different species (SN: 5/25/20). Other scientists found a bonanza of 10 new bird species and subspecies on remote Indonesian islands (SN: 1/9/20). And the first complete count of plant species on New Guinea revealed more than 13,600 species of vascular plants, the most of any island on Earth (SN: 8/18/20).
New Guinea’s impressive array of floral diversity includes this Syzygium plant, a member of the myrtle family.YEE WEN LOW, R. CÁMARA-LERET ET AL/NATURE 2020
Raining reptiles
During a cold snap in southern Florida, lizards started falling from trees, landing legs-up (SN: 10/30/20). The reptiles weren’t hurt, just so cold that they couldn’t move and lost their grip. Oddly, this may be good news for the six lizard species scientists examined. The ability to withstand temperatures down to about 5.5° Celsius may suggest some resilience to extreme weather caused by climate change.
This iguana fell out of a tree in Key Biscayne, Fla., after a cold snap in January. Scientists have learned that such lizards are more tolerant of the cold than previously thought.BRETT PIERCE
Super chill
Hot water can sometimes freeze more quickly than cold, a baffling phenomenon called the Mpemba effect. Scientists couldn’t explain it — and weren’t sure it was even real. Now researchers have demonstrated the bizarre effect for the first time in the laboratory by cooling glass beads as a proxy for the more complex freezing process of water. In some conditions, the researchers say, materials can take a cooling “shortcut” that allows warmer objects to cool faster than colder ones (SN: 8/7/20).
Edge of the map
Astronomers have found the edges of the Milky Way, for the first time showing its enormous span and potentially helping to gauge its heft. Our home galaxy stretches almost 2 million light-years across, more than 15 times as wide as the Milky Way’s spiral disk of stars and planets (SN: 3/23/20). Beyond that disk lies a broad stretch of gas surrounded by a vast halo of invisible dark matter.
The vastness of the Milky Way (shown in a gamma-ray image) seems almost immeasurable, but this year, astronomers put limits on our home galaxy’s bounds.FERMI LAT COLLABORATION/DOE AND NASA
Go fly a snake
Paradise tree snakes can fling themselves 10 meters or more through the air, and engineers have now figured out how they stay aloft. Once the snakes are in the air, they undulate both side to side and up and down, giving them the stability needed to glide (SN: 6/29/20).
Scientists captured the undulating motion of paradise tree snakes as they glide through the sky. A computer simulation based on high-speed video shows that the undulation is necessary for stable flight.
Floats our boat
Here was a chance to witness the seemingly impossible: tiny toy boats floating along both the top and bottom of a levitating liquid. Physicists made this magic happen by shaking a container of liquid, thus keeping a fluid layer aloft above a layer of air and allowing the inverted flotation (SN: 9/2/20).
Physicists knew it was possible to keep a layer of liquid levitated over a cushion of air by vigorously shaking the layers up and down in a container. But new lab experiments have revealed a surprising effect of that antigravity trick. Toy boats and other objects are able to float along the bottom surface of a levitated liquid as well as its top.
Will to survive
One inspiring creature just refused to accept being eaten. The Regimbartia attenuata water beetle is the first prey known to survive a trip through a frog’s entire digestive system, not just by taking a ride (like the fish eggs found this year to survive ducks’ digestive systems) but by actively escaping through the back door (SN: 8/3/20; SN: 6/29/20).
About two hours before this video begins, this pond frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) ate a water beetle (Regimbartia attenuata). After traversing the digestive tract, the beetle emerges from the back end of the amphibian, alive. It’s the first documented example of prey actively escaping a predator through the digestive system.
Everybody smile
From grins to grimaces, facial expressions may be universal across human cultures, and from ancient times to the modern day. Just by looking at the faces of sculptures crafted between 3,500 and 600 years ago, without the context of the rest of the sculpture, present-day people correctly interpreted expressions such as anger in depictions of combat and pain in sculptures of people being tortured (SN: 8/19/20).
This ancient sculpture of a beaming Maya woman holding a child was among the artworks included in a study of universal facial expressionsPRINCETON UNIVERSITY ART MUSEUM 2003-26, GIFT OF G.G. GRIFFIN
Meet PigeonBot
A robotic bird made with real pigeon feathers can change the shape of its wings by fanning its feathers out or gathering them in, making for more birdlike flight. Using the robot, scientists discovered that a bird can steer into a turn by bending just one “finger” on one of its wings (SN: 1/16/20).
A robotic pigeon that can change its wing shape like a real bird paves the way for creating more agile aircraft, and offers a new way to study bird flight.
It’s alive!
Putting Rip Van Winkle to shame, microbes that had been buried in seafloor sediments for more than 100 million years revived and multiplied. All the microbes needed was food to pull them from their dormant state (SN: 7/28/20).
Seafloor sediment from beneath the Pacific Ocean contains still-living microbes (green in this microscopy image) that are more than 100 million years old.JAMSTEC
In just twelve short verses the Gospel of Matthew records the visit of the mysterious Magi to pay homage to the baby Jesus. The allure of mystical wizards from exotic lands captured the imagination of early Christians. Matthew’s short narrative was expanded and elaborated to the Christmas tale we hear today.
But did any such wise men exist, and if so, who were they and where did they come from? The predominant opinion among New Testamentscholars is that the whole story is a fabrication—a fantastic myth devised to make the birth of Jesus extra special, but are they correct?
Making of the Magi Myth
The Magi story began to be elaborated along with the growth of Gnosticism and early Christianity. Extra Biblical writings about the mysterious Magi proliferated. The earliest apocryphal version of Jesus’ birth is a document called The Gospel of James or The Protoevangelium of James. The Protoevangelium tells the story of Mary’s birth and childhood, her betrothal to Joseph and the birth of Jesus. The account of Jesus’ birth follows Matthew and Luke’s account, but there are some extra details: Mary rides a donkey to Bethlehem, there is no mention of an inn as such, and the stable where Jesus is born is in a cave.
There is a midwife named Salome present, and as Jesus is born, a wonderful, mysterious light appears. In the Protoevangelium there are no shepherds, but the story of the Wise Men is told— obviously quoting from Matthew. Adding to Matthew, the Wise Men in the Protoevangelium say, the star was so bright on its appearing that all the other stars dimmed in its light.
Around the same time one of the earliest Christian writers, Ignatius of Antioch (d.108) in his epistle to the Ephesians, waxes eloquently about the star, “a star shone in the night brighter than all other stars. Its light was indescribable, and its strangeness produced wonder. And all the rest of the stars with the sun and the moon made a choir around that star which outshone them all.” The exaggeration and glorification of the Magi story had already begun.
By the third century the idea that the Magi were kings was starting to get traction. Tertullian and Origen mused on the Old Testament prophecies that kings would come to worship the Messiah bearing gold and frankincense, and concluded that the Magi must have been kings.
It was also in the third century that the Magi story began to take the leap from legend to myth. The Legend of Aphroditianus is an apocryphal writing that originated in Syria, where there was a strong Persian influence. The tale begins with the account of a miracle in the temple of a pagan goddess in Persia at the time of Christ’s birth. According to the myth, the statues in the temple danced, sung and announced that the goddess Hera had been made pregnant by Zeus.
Suddenly a star appears above the statue of the goddess Hera. A voice from heaven is heard, and all the dancing statues fall on their faces. The wise men of the court take this to mean that a king is to be born in Judea. That evening the god Dionysus confirms their interpretation. Then the god sends the Magi to Judea with gifts, the star pointing them along their way. The story tells of the Magi’s journey to Bethlehem, and how they meet the Jewish leaders, and finally Mary and Jesus. They return to Persia bringing a portrait of Jesus and Mary, and subsequently put it in the temple, where the star first appeared.
Depiction of The Magi following the star in search of baby Jesus.
In another third century work, the opus imperfectum, a writer named Ephraim said the Magi saw a human image in the star. While the eighth century Chronicle of Zuqnin says there were twelve Magi, all of whom saw a different human image in the star. Clearly, the Magi story had found its wings and soared to mythical heights impossible to imagine by the simple storyteller Matthew.
Another bizarre apocryphal text is The Revelation of the Magi. This story pretends to be told by the Magi themselves. The Wise Men are residents of a mythical land called Shir in the Far East. They are the descendants of Seth, the third son of Adam and Eve , who passed on to them a prophecy from his father that one day a star of amazing brightness would appear to announce the birth of God in human form.
The story continues as every year the mystical Magi of Shir ascended their holy mountain where the Cave of Treasures is located. This cave contains the wisdom of Seth and the treasures of Adam, and it is there that the super bright star, brighter than the sun, appears to them as a tiny radiant human. The star child tells them to go on a long journey to Bethlehem. After long preparations they set off only to find that the star child accompanies them, removing all obstacles and miraculously providing them with food and protection.
Apart from being historical curiosities, these Gnostic texts have no value apart from being mildly entertaining. They are about as important to the search for Matthew’s Wise Men as Disney’s Sword in the Stone is to the search for the historical King Arthur .
The Medieval Myth
By the sixth century Christians may not have believed the wildly fantastic Magi stories of the Gnostics, but the idea that the Magi were wise men from Persia had taken root. So in the sixth century we find the Emperor Justinian commissioning the famous mosaic of the three Magi in Ravenna. Justinian’s mosaic actually named the Wise Men, and it is at the beginning of the sixth century that their names were first documented.
Mosaic of the Three Magi (young, middle aged & elderly) in Sant Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna.
The Excerpta Latina Barbari composed in Alexandria, calls them Bithisarea, Melichior and Gathaspa or as we now know them, Balthasar, Melchior and Caspar. In contrast, Syriac Christians named the Magi, Larvandad, Gushnasaph, and Hormisdas. Ethiopian Christians called them Hor, Karsudan, and Basanater, while the Armenians said they were named, Kagpha, Badadakharida and Badadilma.
The various ethnic names of the Magi also indicate a widening out of the Magi tradition from the assumption that they were Persian priests. The Syrian, Ethiopian and Armenian Christians were among the first to accept the Christian message, and their independent Magi traditions attests to both the antiquity of the Magi story and affirms St Augustine of Hippo’s (d. 430) suggestions that the Wise Men represented the whole of the Gentile (non-Jewish) world.
Some two hundred years after Justinian’s famous mosaics, an eighth century Irish manuscript Collectanea et Flores offers more details about the appearance of the Wise Men, explaining that they represent the three ages of man (youth, middle-age and old age). By this time, they were no longer Persian Magi. Instead the Wise Men assumed three different racial characteristics showing that they represented Europe, Africa and Asia - the three regions of the known world. At the same time, the British historian, Venerable Bede mused that the international origins of the Three Wise Men could also signify the three sons of Noah who, as tradition had it, re-peopled the globe and were the source of humanity’s three basic racial groups. These accumulated traditions explain why, in Christian artwork, the Magi are shown to be young, middle-aged and elderly: African, Asian and European.
Detail of the Three Kings from The Adoration of the Magi (elderly, middle-aged, young / European, Asian, African).
The legends about the Magi continued to develop, so that according to the 12th-century life of St Eustorgio , the bodies of the Three Kings were discovered in Persia in the early fourth century by St. Helena, the mother of the Emperor Constantine and eventually translated to the cathedral in Cologne.
In the fourteenth century the Venetian explorer Marco Polo recorded that he had visited the village in Persia where Helena had identified the tomb, and in the same century, the Carmelite monk John of Hildesheim wrote Historia trium regum, (History of the Three Kings). John of Hildesheim recounts how the star was first sighted in the forty second year of the Emperor Augustus from the summit of Mount Vaus in the East by a group of pagan astrologers who were aware of the Old Testament prophecy of Balaam.
Hildesheim says the star was as bright as the Sun, and that the Three Kings from their own lands set out to follow the star they had seen. Melchior travelled from Nubia and Arabia. Balthasar from Godolia and Saba, and Caspar from Tharsis and Egrisoulle. Each with a magnificent retinue, they followed the star for thirteen days and arrived at the same time in Jerusalem, where they were amazed to discover that they understood one another’s languages. After their audience with King Herod , and instructed by his scribes, they continued their journey to Bethlehem, again guided by the magical star.
The Magi before King Herod, on a 13th-century stained glass window in Chartres Cathedral, France.
Matthew’s simple story burgeoned into a fantastic tale as no other Biblical narrative had. But what if the wildly elaborated myth, like that of King Arthur, was rooted in historical circumstances and real individuals? What if it could be shown that there were circumstances and players in first century Judea who fit the story? Always wanting to stand orthodoxy on its head, I set out on a quest of my own. I began to investigate whether there might be a foundation of historical truth beneath the accumulated legends surrounding the Magi story. To do this, I had to strip away the accretions that encrusted Matthew’s simple story.
What I found was astounding. First, I discovered that because of their assumption that the Magi story was a fairy tale, very few scholars had taken the time to investigate thoroughly the possible identity of the Wise Men. My research brought me into contact with an almost forgotten ancient civilization and new technologies, which shed light on the subject. Some fresh archaeological findings and new understandings from the Dead Sea Scrolls also contributed to the quest.
Matthew said the Wise Men were “from the East.” By the end of the first century, because of the destruction of Jerusalem, the center of Christianity shifted north and west to Asia Minor, Greece and Rome. If you lived in present-day Turkey or Greece “the East” is clearly Persia. The fact that Matthew used the word “Magi” was also a powerful pointer. There was indeed an ancient caste of shamans from Persia called ‘the Magi’. But like most mystery stories, the first and most obvious solution is rarely the correct one.
Christianity’s hub may have shifted north and west, but Matthew’s Gospel was written in Judea to the Jews of that area. “The East” for them was the Arabian Peninsula. Furthermore, in the Old Testament the “people of the East” are always the nomadic tribes of Arabia. The Persians come from the North. The earliest Christian witness outside the New Testament is Justin Martyr, who is also situated in Judea. He says that the Wise Men came from Arabia. I therefore began to search for possible candidates from Arabia.
Petra and the Nabateans
This led, of course, to the fabulously wealthy and mysterious kingdom of Nabatea with the ancient city of Petra as its capital. Suffice it to say that once I discovered the Nabateans, all the pieces of the puzzle fell into place. The politics, economics, religion and culture of the time all combined to make the Nabateans the obvious choice.
Just two details will illustrate the wealth of evidence that combines to strengthen this theory. The finest gold in the ancient world was mined in Western Arabia, and the shrubs from which incense and myrrh are sourced only grow in Eastern Arabia and Northeast Africa, which is all territory controlled by the Nabateans. The gold, frankincense and myrrh were clearly diplomatic gifts (representative of the Nabtean kingdom) from King Aretas IV of Nabatea to honor a grandson or great grandson of his neighbor King Herod.
Secondly, new discoveries by archaeo-astronomers from Spain have shown that the Nabatean temples were aligned to the solstices and constellations, and the archaeological dig at the temple of Khirbet et Tannur, uncovered a stone carved zodiac proving that the Nabatean Magi were star gazers.
These are just two pieces of evidence that direct the quest for the identity of the Wise Men to Nabatea. It is perfectly probable that there were wise men who had the motive, the means and the method to pay homage to Jesus Christ, just as Matthew recorded.
My findings not only stand the established academic orthodoxy on its head, but they should cause everyone interested in New Testament scholarship, ancient history and the historical veracity of the Gospels to think again.
Like the story of King Arthur, the tale of the Wise Men who visited Bethlehem was embroidered and embellished over many years. But beneath it all there is a foundation of historical truth, which is fascinating and compelling.
The simple facts of the Magi story undermine the assumptions that the nativity narratives are fairy tales made up to make Jesus more special. Instead my findings show that beneath all the mystery, there is history.
Dwight Longenecker’s book The Mystery of the Magi - The Quest for the True Identity of the Three Wise Men is published by Regnery Press. It is available on Amazon and from his website: dwightlongenecker.com
Top image:The Magi with baby Jesus, Mary and Joseph. Source: Henry Siddons Mowbray / Public domain
A team of researchers from the University of Bern has discovered a very different binary system 450 light-years from Earth. The system — CFHTWIR-Oph 98 or Oph 98 for short — has twin occupants that appeared at first sight to be exoplanets existing in a star-less system. A deeper examination has revealed that they are brown dwarfs — Oph 98 A and Oph 98 B respectively — astronomical objects that are similar to stars but smaller and cooler.
This artist’s illustration represents a couple of planetary-mass brown dwarfs Ophiuchus 98. As they are very young, they are still evolving in the molecular clouds that saw their birth. (University of Bern, Illustration: Thibaut Roger)
These brown dwarfs wander the galaxy together, orbiting each other at an incredibly large distance equivalent to 200 times the distance between Earth and the Sun.
The discovery of the curious Oph 98 system by the research team led by Clémence Fontanive from the Center for Space and Habitability (CSH) and National Centre of Competence in Research PlanetS (NCCR PlanetS) is documented in a paper published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
The Oph 98 is a relativity new-born system in astrophysical terms, forming just 3 million years ago in the Ophiuchus stellar nursery (hence the ‘Oph’ element of its name). Its relative youth has some interesting consequences for the bodies that comprise it and led the team to properly identify its constituent bodies.
The system has not existed for long enough for it to start forming planets. This means that Oph 98 A and B must have both formed via the same mechanisms that give rise to stars. This conclusion is also supported by the fact that Oph 98 B is roughly the right size to be a planet, but Oph A is too small to have the reservoir of material needed to form a planet so large. That means they must be brown dwarfs.
“This tells us that Oph 98 B, like its host, must have formed through the same mechanisms that produce stars and shows that the processes that create binary stars operate on scaled-down versions all the way down to these planetary masses,” says Fontanive.
In terms of mass brown dwarfs exist between planets and stars (NASA/ Caltech/ R. Hurt (IPAC).)
The fact that brown dwarfs form in ways that are similar to stars and share similar masses, but do not ignite with the nuclear processes that power stars, has often led to them being nicknamed ‘failed stars.’ It is extremely rare for star-forming processes to create worlds that go on to exist in a system such as this.
The objects are rare examples of astronomical bodies similar to giant exoplanets that orbit each other without a parent star. Both are young brown dwarfs, with Oph 98 A being the larger of the two with a mass 15 times that of Jupiter. Its smaller companion — Oph 98 B — has a mass equivalent to 8 times that of the gas giant, which is the largest body other than the Sun in our solar system.
This isn’t the only thing that makes Oph 98 unique, however.
Brown Dwarfs with a Weak Bond
Another thing that makes the Oph 98 system so remarkable is the fact that, like all binary systems, the bodies are gravitationally bound. These bonds are greater with objects of greater mass but follow an inverse square law — meaning the bond’s strength falls off quickly as separation distances increase. Because these objects have relatively small mass coupled with an extremely large separation, the gravitational bond between them is one of the weakest in terms of energy that astronomers have ever observed.
Observing this system at all is no mean feat as brown dwarfs — especially low-mass ones — emit very little electromagnetic radiation and are thus, not easy to spot.
“Low-mass brown dwarfs are very cold and emit very little light, only through infrared thermal radiation,” explains Fontanive. “This heat glow is extremely faint and red, and brown dwarfs are hence only visible in infrared light.”
The Ophiuchus cluster that is home to Oph 98 sits in a cloud of dust that makes it difficult to see. In this image it is pictured in X-rays by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory (Chandra X-Ray Observatory)
This visibility challenge was further compounded by the fact that Oph 98 and the Ophiuchus galaxy cluster itself is embedded in a dense cloud of dust that scatters visible light. “Infrared observations are the only way to see through this dust,” the researcher adds.
In fact, the team’s discovery was only made possible by the impressive power of the Hubble Space Telescope and the fact that it makes its observations from above Earth.
Hubble Shines Through Again
The Hubble Space Telescope is one of the only telescopes capable of observing objects as faint as the Oph 98 A and B and resolving the image of the brown dwarfs at such tight angles.
“Detecting a system like Oph 98 also requires a camera with a very high resolution, as the angle separating Oph 98 A and B is a thousand times smaller than the size of the moon in the sky,” Fontanive continues.
The Hubble Space telescope’s vantage point above Earth’s atmosphere allows it to spot water vapor from brown dwarfs (ESA)
Hubble’s space-based vantage point is also crucial for the observation of such objects. This is because the infrared signatures that are used to observe brown dwarfs arise from water vapors that form in their upper atmospheres. As Earth’s atmosphere is full of water also producing this signal, the fainter trace from distant brown dwarfs is almost always obscured beyond detection for telescopes at the planet’s surface.
“Both objects looked very red and showed clear signs of water molecules. This immediately confirmed that the faint source we saw next to Oph 98 A was very likely to also be a cold brown dwarf, rather than a random star that happened to be aligned with the brown dwarf in the sky,” says Fontanive.
The team also found Oph 98 in data collected by the CFHT (pictured) 14 years ago. (CFHT)
Interestingly, the team’s findings have helped confirm the fact that the Oph 98 system has actually been spotted before. The binary was also visible in data collected by the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), located atop the summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, 14 years ago. This older data helped the team confirm how Oph 98 A and B move together across the galaxy as a pair.
“We observed the system again this summer from another Hawaiian observatory, the United Kingdom Infra-Red Telescope. Using these data, we were able to confirm that Oph 98 A and B are moving together across the sky over time, relative to other stars located behind them, which is evidence that they are bound to each other in a binary pair”, explains Fontanive. “We are really witnessing an incredibly rare output of stellar formation processes.”
Original Research
Fontanive. C., et al, ‘A wide planetary-mass companion to a young low-mass brown dwarf in Ophiuchus,’ The Astrophysical Journal Letters, [2020], [https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.08871]
Humans have made contact with aliens but their existence has been kept secret at the behest of a Galactic Federation of extraterrestrials. The aliens have asked not to publish that they are here, humanity is not ready yet.
In a scene reminiscent of the Eighties horror film The Thing, a huge crashed flying saucer has been seen half-buried in the Antarctic ice.
They have been waiting for humanity to evolve and reach a stage where we will generally understand what space and spaceships are. There’s an agreement between the US government and the aliens. They signed a contract with us to do experiments here. They, too, are researching and trying to understand the whole fabric of the universe, and they want us as helpers. Part of that unsettling pact, includes a secret underground base on Mars which is staffed by a team of ETs and Americans. Remarkably, President Trump was on the verge of revealing, but the aliens in the Galactic Federation, which presumably governs intelligent species in the galaxy, are saying: Wait, let people calm down first. They don’t want to start mass hysteria. They want to first make us sane and und
A former CIA operative is teaming up with the family of the first Army officer on the scene of an alleged crash of an alien spacecraft near Roswell, to search for the truth in a new three-part investigation for History’s Greatest Mysteries.
On July 8, 1947, the Roswell Army Air Field (RAAF) distributed a press release claiming they had recovered the remains of a “flying disc” crashed in the New Mexican desert outside of Roswell. The news made headlines, but the media’s enthusiasm was short-lived. The next day the US Army released a second statement claiming the recovered object was just a weather balloon.
The incident would have been lost to the dustbin of history had it not been for Jesse Marcel, a former intelligence officer stationed at RAAF in 1947. When a local rancher reported the debris’ discovery, Marcell was sent out to take a look and bring some of the material back to the base. He was then ordered to fly some of it to Fort Worth, Texas, for examination, where he took photos with the material.
However, in the late 70s, Marcel told UFO researchers the photos with him and the debris was staged for the press. He claimed the Army whisked the real debris away while he was ordered to aid in the cover-up of what was really found. Marcel claimed the actual crash site included extremely strong shiny material that was foil-like but returned to its original shape after it was crumpled. He also described light balsa-wood-like I-beams with strange markings.
His claims began civilian UFO investigations that led to the Roswell event becoming world-famous as an alleged alien spacecraft crash.
History’s Greatest Mysteries hosted by Laurence Fishburne is dedicating three episodes to the Roswell incident. The lead investigator is former CIA operative, Ben Smith. The Marcel family joins him. According to the family, Marcel’s son, Jesse Jr., also saw the debris. Both Marcel and his son have since passed, but the grandchildren say Roswell has always been a part of their lives.
“My dad built a huge telescope in our backyard,” Denice Marcell, Jesse Marcel’s granddaughter, tells Den of Geek. “On the weekends, when the weather permitted, we would look through that telescope, just searching the night skies. And then, afterward, we would pull out our sleeping bags and look for UFOs. I probably was eight or nine years old, and I’ve never been embarrassed about it because it’s the truth. So I can’t be embarrassed about the truth.”
“He was honest,” Denice says of her grandfather. “He was hardworking. He loved his family. I think, above all, though, I think he was just a very honest man.”
“I’ve been interested in the UFO question for some time,” former CIA operative Smith adds.
“For me, it has always been a question of national security. I’m a national security professional, and had been in the intelligence community for almost 15 years. If UFOs are out there, are they a threat to us and the human species, to the United States national security regime?”
Shows investigating Roswell are common, but Smith says for History’s Greatest Mysteries, they are employing more resources than you typically see on TV.
In the first episode, they deploy a drone to investigate geographic anomalies, metal detectors, and other advanced tools to measure the area of the alleged crash for magnetic anomalies.
So far in the series, the tech and the forensics are not providing much of interest. What the show offers that is interesting and compelling is an abundance of testimony from Roswell locals and family members of those involved in the incident. The Marcels included.
“Now grandpa always said that he never saw any bodies, but here’s the thing,” explains Denice. “He was the base intelligence officer. He could have very well maybe seen them, but that’s one thing he’s just not ever going to say because that’s part of his secrecy oath.”
Alien bodies being part of the Roswell mystery did not become a part of the event’s mythos until well after it was famous. However, Denice says there didn’t need to be aliens present for the object to be extraterrestrial.
“What if it was something that was really old,” speculates Denice. “It came from another planet, obviously, but maybe it’s been out there traveling for hundreds of years.”
She holds out hope that the smoking gun evidence for what her grandfather saw will be found, and she hopes the show will inspire others to keep an open mind.
“I think once they see [the show], that they’re going to realize that this case is definitely not closed. It actually does need to be investigated further because, at the end of the day, this material has to be out there somewhere.”
History’s Greatest Mysteries airs Saturday nights at 9 p.m. ET on History Channel.
An optical image of the Abell 3391/95 system where scientists spotted the longest filament ever observed. (Image credit: Reiprich et al., Astronomy & Astrophysics)
Extraordinarily long threads of hot gas known as intergalactic filaments connect and surround galaxies and galaxy clusters throughout the cosmos — and scientists just discovered the longest one yet.
intergalactic filaments make up a cosmic web that stretches across the observable universe. Within this structure, galaxies are arranged in a web-like pattern, connected by and surrounded by these filaments.
According to previous research, after the Big Bang jump-started our universe 13.8 billion years ago, a lot of the hydrogen gas that makes up the known matter in the universe collapsed into sheets, which broke apart further into the long, snaking filaments.
Now, scientists led by researchers at the University of Bonn in Germany have observed the longest filament ever found. The gas thread stretches an astounding 50 million light-years, and its structure aligns with predictions made by computer simulations the researchers found, according to a statement released by the University of Bonn.
"According to calculations, more than half of all baryonic matter in our universe is contained in these filaments — this is the form of matter of which stars and planets are composed, as are we ourselves," study lead author Thomas Reiprich, a professor at the Argelander Institute for Astronomy at the University of Bonn, said in the same statement.
Because the filaments stretch so far, the particles that make them up are very spread out, making them extremely difficult to spot. However, Reiprich and his colleagues were able to make the gas completely visible for the first time, by using the eROSITA space telescope, an X-ray telescope built by the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics in Germany, according to the statement.
"eROSITA has very sensitive detectors for the type of X-ray radiation that emanates from the gas in filaments," Reiprich said about the observations. "It also has a large field of view — like a wide-angle lens, it captures a relatively large part of the sky in a single measurement, and at a very high resolution." These aspects of the space telescope allow researchers to take detailed images of enormous objects like the filaments, and do so relatively quickly.
On the right is the eROSITA image, with a computer simulation for comparison on the left. (Image credit: Reiprich et al., Space Science Reviews, 177, 195; right)
The team studied Abell 3391/95 — a system of three galaxy clusters 700 million light-years from Earth. The images taken using eROSITA show the clusters and individual galaxies speckling the system, but, perhaps even more amazingly, they show the tendrils that connect the galaxies and clusters, with the entire filament stretching 50 million light-years.
However, while this is the longest filament ever observed, the researchers think that it could be even longer than the section seen in the images, according to the statement.
"We compared our observations with the results of a simulation that reconstructs the evolution of the universe," Reiprich said. "The eROSITA images are strikingly similar to computer-generated graphics. This suggests that the widely accepted standard model for the evolution of the universe is correct."
This work was described in a study accepted for publication in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.
Email Chelsea Gohd at cgohd@space.com or follow her on Twitter @chelsea_gohd.
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A new study from researchers at Rutgers University suggests that the best place to look for evidence of life on Mars is deep underground, where geothermal heat melted subsurface ice.
Cutaway illustration depicting subsurface lakes on Mars. Research suggests these underground lakes, or aquifers – formed by melting ice deep below the surface – would have been the best places for life to exist on a planet as cold as Mars. They might also help explain conflicting scenarios of a warm, wet early Mars versus the colder Mars we see today.
If there was ever life on Mars, where would it be? What would be the best place to look for evidence of Martian life, whether that’s ancient fossilized life or still-living microbes? As many scientists have suggested, the answer may be underground, where conditions are warmer and may be wetter. Now, a new study – announced by Rutgers University in New Jersey on December 2, 2020 – expands on that idea. It suggests the region most likely to hold such evidence is several miles below Mars’ surface, where geothermal heat (geothermal energy) could have melted subsurface ice sheets.
In explaining extensive evidence for past liquid water, the debate on whether Mars was primarily warm and wet or cold and arid 4 billion years (Ga) ago has continued for decades. The sun’s luminosity was ~30% lower 4 Ga ago; thus, most Martian climate models struggle to elevate the mean surface temperature past the melting point of water. Basal melting of ice sheets may help resolve that paradox. We modeled the thermophysical evolution of ice and estimate the geothermal heat flux required to produce meltwater on a cold, arid Mars.
We then analyzedgeophysical and geochemical data, showing that basal melting would have been feasible on Mars 4 Ga ago. If Mars were warm and wet 4 Ga ago, then the geothermal flux would have even sustained hydrothermal activity. Regardless of the actual nature of the ancient Martian climate, the subsurface would have been the most habitable region on Mars.
Was early Mars always cold, with most of its water underground (left) or was it once warm and wet? The conflicting evidence for both still has not been resolved, but the new study may help to finally answer this long-standing question.
The findings have direct implications for the possibility of life on Mars, past or present, and may also help scientists finally reconcile the two opposing scenarios of early Mars, whether it was warm and wet or colder and drier (or something in-between). As lead author Lujendra Ojha at Rutgers University-New Brunswick, stated:
Even if greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and water vapor are pumped into the early Martian atmosphere in computer simulations, climate models still struggle to support a long-term warm and wet Mars. I and my co-authors propose that the faint young sun paradox may be reconciled, at least partly, if Mars had high geothermal heat in its past.
We know Mars was much wetter in the past, with lakes and rivers, and maybe even an ocean. But most climate models still suggest the planet was colder and drier than that. If Mars had enough heat underground, that could help explain the paradox, even if the planet was cold on the surface due to a fainter sun at the time, about 4 billion years ago.
Current evidence suggests that Mars had abundant liquid water on its surface 4.1 billion to 3.7 billion years ago (the Noachian era). In this new scenario, water could have been produced by melting ice below the surface, due to radioactive decay. Elements like uranium, thorium, and potassium are known to do that on rocky planets, including Earth. Even if the surface was colder, there could still have been enough heat deep below to melt the ice.
Lujendra Ojha at Rutgers University-New Brunswick, lead author of the new study.
This process would likely have been similar to subglacial lakes in areas of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, the Canadian Arctic, and Greenland. Lake Vostok in Antarctica is a good example of one of these lakes. Drilling expeditions by Russian scientists in the dark subsurface lake have found microscopic life in the ice layers close to the liquid water. Further analysis has shown that Lake Vostok contains a diverse set of microbes, as well as some multicellular organisms.
So, could such heating have actually been possible during the Noachian era on Mars? The researchers say yes, saying that the conditions needed would have been ubiquitous.
After Mars lost its magnetic field and most of its atmosphere, it would have become impossible for liquid water to remain on the surface. But it could easily have persisted below the surface, at increasingly greater depths. Ojha said:
At such depths, life could have been sustained by hydrothermal (heating) activity and rock-water reactions. So, the subsurface may represent the longest-lived habitable environment on Mars.
If microbes ever existed on Mars on the surface or in the near-surface, they likely would have retreated deeper underground where liquid water was still available. It makes sense, then, that any traces of that life might be far below the surface, where they are protected from the harsh ultraviolet radiation of the sun.
The possibility of life in underground niches where water was or is available takes on extra significance with the discovery of what appear to be subsurface lakes on Mars right now. The first one was discovered by the Mars Express orbiter in 2018, beneath the south polar cap, with three more reported near it last October. These lakes, similar to ones in polar regions on Earth, are cold and probably very salty, but could still potentially support some kinds of microorganisms. The finding of any liquid water on Mars today is exciting in terms of possible life, since the surface is now so inhospitable.
Radar image from Mars Express in 2018 showing the first detected largest lake beneath the south polar ice. Similar subsurface lakes, created by melting ice, would have been the best places for Martian life to exist, according to the new study.
Image via ESA/ NASA/ JPL/ ASI/ Univ. Rome/ R. Orosei et al. 2018.
The lakes beneath the south polar cap are probably kept liquid by salts, since there is little or no geothermal heat in this location. But could could there be others, perhaps in locations near volcanoes where there could still be some latent heat left over from when the planet was highly geologically active? And indeed, there is also now evidence for some volcanic activity still occurring below the Martian surface.
If any of these lakes are not too salty, they might be ideal habitats for microbes, just as the Rutgers researchers have hypothesized. Being able to sample them, however, is still far off in the future, unfortunately. But in the search for life, they might just be where future explorers strike biological gold.
Bottom line: A new study suggests that the best place to look for evidence of life on Mars is miles underground, where geothermal heat melted subsurface ice.
Most Unidentified Flying Objects aren’t actually unidentified. Here’s a list of phenomena, either natural or human-made, that people often mistake for UFOs.
An experimental rocket test over Norway in 2009, which triggered many UFO reports. Read more about this photo.
If an alien spaceship were to appear in Earth’s sky, it’s likely it’d be seen first by those who spend a lot of time gazing upwards: astronomers. But professional and amateur astronomers don’t usually observe any Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs). Because they know what sorts of objects appear in both the daytime and nighttime sky, they’re able to identify most sightings fairly quickly, no matter how strange they may appear. On the other hand, members of the general public do report UFOs. During the Covid-19 pandemic of 2020, for example, there’s been anincrease in perceived UFO sightings in many countries. Many have been attributed to most people’s relative inexperience with interpreting cell phone camera shots. Lens flares– internal reflections within the camera – are often the culprit. In 2020, the bump-up in UFO reports is also an indication that people have had more time to observe the sky. That’s a trend we hope continues.
1. Rocket launches.On the morning of September 2, 2015, many people in Miami, Florida, looked up to catch a glimpse of the strange moving light seen above. Some labeled it as a UFO when posting photos to Twitter or Facebook, but others knew it was an Atlas V rocket launched from Cape Canaveral.
Some observers have seen a slow-moving object displaying a strange single or double trail, which may even change its appearance over the moments you observe it. This can occur if an observer is fortunate enough to see a spacecraft just after being launched; you may be seeing one rocket stage separating from another, or the ignition of a new stage.
Take a look at the video below. This is a SpaceEx Falcon 9 launch in December 2017 from Vandenberg Air Force Base, as seen from Los Angeles, California.
2. Used rocket bodies
tumbling objects orbiting our planet – also produce flashes in our night sky. After launching a satellite, most rocket bodies continue to orbit Earth for weeks, months or even years. As a rocket body tumbles in orbit, it may be visible as a dim moving “star” that might produce bright flashes as various sides of the tumbling object are exposed to sunlight.
An interesting sighting of this kind is a flash that appears to come from a static point in the sky. How is this possible? Geosynchronous satellites need to be placed in a very high orbit, some 22,200 miles (35,727 km) above Earth’s surface. After the launch of this sort of satellite, the rocket body that carried the satellite to orbit will also remain orbiting our planet. Instead of having a circular orbit it will have a highly elliptical (elongated) orbit. It might produce some peculiar flashes, which might be visible from Earth. How does it happen? Depending on the location and perspective of the observer, the erratic flashes of the rocket body from a geosynchronous satellite might appear to originate from an apparent static place in the sky. This rare occurrence is possible if the reflecting rocket body is more or less moving towards, or more or less departing, Earth as it pursues its stretched-out (elliptical) orbit. This is the same principle that occurs when a distant airplane appears to be static as it moves towards you. To the unaided eye, the subsequent flashes may give the impression that they are originating from the same area of the sky. If you are fortunate enough to witness this kind of flash in the sky, grab your binoculars! Magnification may confirm that the object is indeed moving slightly instead of remaining static.
An apparent static bright dot that was visible in daylight, was later confirmed to be a globe. A view using a telescope revealed it was this balloon from Google’s Project Loon.
Image via Eddie Irizarry.
3. Atmospheric balloons
Some observers reporting UFOs describe:
… an apparent planet or stationary bright object seen in broad daylight.
Large, round objects in the sky can be strange-looking. They may not appear to be moving. Different types of balloons and globes are being launched by various groups trying to do various things – for example, study Earth’s weather or atmosphere – and although these objects are slowly drifting on the wind, their distance from an observer might cause them to appear stationary in the sky. An example is Google’s Loon program. Loon has launched a network of globes to test internet coverage with the goal of providing access to remote areas. They can gain an altitude of 60,000 feet (18,300 meters) or twice as high as commercial aircraft. Those balloons are reflective, and they appear bright in the sky. They can cause reports of UFO sightings.
Vince Babkirk captured this flare from an iridium satellite on July 22, 2016. He wrote: “There were lots of fast moving clouds tonight, but the Iridium 59 satellite was supposed to appear … [the clouds] parted just in time for me to capture the flare.” Read more about iridium flare satellites.
4. Earth-orbiting satellites.
Satellites are easily visible to the unaided eye one or two hours before sunrise and after sunset. We see them then because their high-altitude orbits let them receive and reflect sunlight, even if it is dark at the observer’s site. Satellites generally appear as slow-moving “stars” that may disappear as they pass into Earth’s shadow. Some satellites, including the Hubble Space Telescope, sometimes reflect sunlight in an optimum way for a brief time, causing a bright flash or flare. Iridium satellites, which provide cellular communications to remote areas, formerly had reflective antennas that produced very intense flashes as bright as -8 magnitude! That’s much brighter than the brightest planet, Venus. It’s bright that it appeared as a huge spotlight from up there for one or two seconds. Newer Iridium satellites do not have this property.
Satellites traveling in groups have also been known to cause a stir, and we can likely expect an increase in reports when the Starlink satellite network becomes even more noticeable. Below is a video of a train of them passing by, captured by Marco Langbroek in the Netherlands in 2019:
Especially when they’re seen in the west around sunset, jet contrails can look like falling objects.
Contrails are often confused with “slow-moving meteors” or “unannounced comets,” or other sorts of strange UFOs (in this case, often unidentified falling objects) by casual observers. These vapor or condensation trails are produced by high-altitude aircraft. They look impressive, especially when visible in the west around sunset. A contrail being illuminated by the setting sun may appear as a slow falling, burning, meteor-like object from the sky. Of course, it’s not falling or burning at all. It’s just jet exhaust released into the atmosphere. Still, its distance from an observer can cause it to look slow-moving. Just know that these are not UFOs; they’re ordinary jets. They’re also not comets, by the way, which are detected and announced well in advance, usually many weeks or months before they become visible to the unaided eye (if they ever do). Comets are visible for many days or weeks, not for a few minutes. So, do not confuse contrails with comets … or any falling spacecraft.
Chinese lanterns.
These sky lanterns or small hot air balloons are made of translucent paper and may look very curious from distance. People launch those colored lanterns at festivals, parties and other activities. Observers see a slow moving light high in the sky, and as soon as the small candle or the waxy cell is spent, the bright colored light that was seen in the sky “disappears.” Its bright light can be visible for several minutes in the sky. When a group of lanterns is launched, wind can send them at slightly different heights and directions, but a trio of Chinese lanterns is enough to cause reports of a formation of UFOs!
Smoke trail from a bright fireball whose sightings were centered on Arizona on June 2, 2016. Later, a team from Arizona State University found the meteorite from this event.
A meteor – or piece of debris from space – might leave a strange-looking trail as seen in the photo above. Or a bright meteor that happens to be moving toward you might appear as a short, bright light, which then disappears.
Some meteors – called fireballs – can be so bright that they can light up the night sky in such a way that can briefly turn the night into day. They’re actually pretty common, if you consider Earth as a whole. View the fireball logs from the American Meteor Society.
Why stars twinkle fiercely – sometimes even appearing to move around in the sky – when you see them near the horizon.
Atmospheric turbulence or different temperature layers in the atmosphere can make a bright star, especially a star low on the horizon, to show an erratic movement. Experienced observers see this frequently. It’s merely an effect of Earth’s atmosphere and is gradually reduced or eliminated as the star gets higher in the sky, and as the light from the star passes through less of Earth’s atmosphere (see the diagram above).
An erratically moving object – a great candidate for being considered a UFO – typically turns out to be a bright star seen low in the sky.
Which brings us to what is perhaps the all-time most reported UFO …
Photo taken October 2, 2015 by Mohamed Laaifat
Photographies in Normandy, France.
7. Planet Venus.
Venus is the brightest planet, and the third-brightest object in Earth’s sky after the sun and moon. If and when you see Venus, it’ll always be bright, much brighter than any other starlike object in the sky. And there are special times in the orbits of Venus and Earth around the sun when Venus looks even brighter than usual. These times of greatest brilliancy for Venus occur when the planet is about to pass between us and the sun, and, at such times, Venus typically looms low in our sky and shines with an eerie brilliant light. UFO reports always increase around then!
There are likely other objects that can be added to this list. If you know of any, tell us in the comments below.
Just know that – while some UFO sightings may be temporarily or indefinitely unexplained – most can be explained.
And don’t get too excited or scared if you ever see some rare or strange object in the sky; there’s no better way to investigate quickly than taking a closer look with optical aid. Keep a pair of binoculars handy! There are also excellent websites such as Heavens-Above to check celestial happenings and local satellites passing by.
Bottom line: A reference list of he most common natural and human-made phenomena in the sky that people frequently mistake for UFOs.
On December 4, Professor Haim Eshed generated worldwide headlines when in an interview published by the Israeli national newspaper, Yedioth Aharonot, he revealed the existence of a secret US agreement with extraterrestrials, the existence of a joint US alien base on Mars, and a Galactic Federation monitoring human affairs. Reactions to the Professor’s startling revelations varied from those taking the comments as a major breakthrough on disclosure of extraterrestrial life, to many claiming he either had lost his mind or his words were distorted during the translation process.
It’s important to point out that Eshed gave the interview to promote his recent book, published in Hebrew, titled The Universe Beyond the Horizon conversations with Professor Haim Eshed. This is where one controversy arises since he appeared to say much more in his interview than what he told in his book.
Here’s the crux of what the Professor had to say according to an extract of the interview, translated into English, that was published by The Jewish Press on December 5, which set off the worldwide controversy:
The UFOs have asked not to publish that they are here, humanity is not ready yet. Trump was on the verge of revealing, but the aliens in the Galactic Federation are saying: Wait, let people calm down first. They don’t want to start mass hysteria. They want to first make us sane and understanding. They have been waiting for humanity to evolve and reach a stage where we will generally understand what space and spaceships are.
There’s an agreement between the US government and the aliens. They signed a contract with us to do experiments here. They, too, are researching and trying to understand the whole fabric of the universe, and they want us as helpers.
There’s an underground base in the depths of Mars, where their representatives are, and also our American astronauts.
Anticipating that some would conclude that he had lost his mind in making such comments, the Professor, who is also a former Brigadier General in the Israel Defense Force (IDF), added for good measure:
If I had come up with what I’m saying today five years ago, I would have been hospitalized. Wherever I’ve gone with this in academia, they’ve said: the man has lost his mind. Today they’re already talking differently.
I have nothing to lose. I’ve received my degrees and awards, I am respected in universities abroad, where the trend is also changing.
Support for Professor Eshed’s continued sanity comes from former colleagues such as the current head of the Israel Space Agency, Dr. Isaac Ben-Israel (also a former IDF general), who says that Eshed “has been talking about aliens for decades, and it never compromised his academic integrity.”
Ben-Israel’s admission is vitally important since it shows that Eshed’s beliefs about alleged alien contacts and joint agreements with the US have evolved over decades during much of his professional life, and not a post-career flight of fancy as contended by some.
Other former colleagues such Dr. Dan Blumberg, the current head of the Earth and Planetary Image Facility at Ben Gurion University, says that the extraterrestrial topic is an important one that Eshed is more than qualified to cover authoritatively, but not as appears in the original Yedioth article:
I know Haim Eshed well, and have enormous respect for him. It’s a viable and legitimate discussion, but it has been taken to a completely bizarre place by the article.
Blumberg’s position is similar to many in that Eshed’s views were either mistranslated or embellished in the original December 4 article. But were they?
What’s important to keep in mind in finding an answer is that the Yedioth Aharonot interview follows the traditional question and answer format, interspersed with the interviewer’s commentary. The commentary sections involve the interviewer applying Eshed’s views to contemporary developments, which might raise the possibility of mistranslation or embellishment. However, these commentaries are followed by the professor’s own words in answering a succession of questions about UFOs, extraterrestrial life and secret agreements, all done in the Hebrew language.
I did a Google Translate of the Yedioth Aharonot interview into English and found Eshed’s responses to questions where he addressed the issues of US alien agreements, a US base on Mars, and a Galactic Federation monitoring human events. I was able to confirm that his responses, through Google Translate, closely matched what was written in the Jewish Press story, and other Israeli news outlets, such as The Jerusalem Post and The Times of Israel, in their English language articles.
While I’m not proficient in the Hebrew language, nor does Google Translate do justice to what Eshed is saying, there is nevertheless consistency in the quotes attributed to him, by these three independent Israeli news stories, with the translation of the Professor’s own words by Google Translate.
Each Israeli source discussed the radical implications of what was said rather than raise problems of embellishment or translation. Clearly, the writers for each Israeli source read the original Yedioth Aharonot interview to get the gist of what Eshed was saying in his own words.
What was subsequently published in Israeli news sources are therefore accurate translations of what Professor Eshed actually said rather than embellishments or distortions as suggested by leading UFO researchers such as Britain’s Nick Pope. He told NBC News: “Either this is some sort of practical joke or publicity stunt to help sell his book, perhaps with something having been lost in translation, or someone in the know is breaking ranks”.
Having eliminated translation or embellishment problems, then is Eshed “breaking ranks” and revealing long-held secrets as Pope suggests?
For an answer, we need to consider Eshed’s background, as revealed by Wikipedia and other sources. In 1969, Eshed was sent to the US by the Israel Defense Force’s (IDF) Intelligence Division to gain a Ph.D. in aeronautical engineering. Upon his return, he headed the IDF’s research and development department in the Intelligence Corps. By 1979, as Lt. Colonel in the IDF, he began to work on a detailed proposal for the establishment of a satellite program that could be used for space reconnaissance of the Middle East.
In 1981, Eshed retired from active military service and became a full-time professor at the Israel Institute of Technology, aka Technion, Israel’s oldest and top-ranked University. He subsequently played key roles in founding and leading the Israel Space Agency (1983) and the Technion’s (Asher) Space Research Institute (1984). Eshed managed Israel’s satellite projects, including its highly classified spy satellites responsible for monitoring the Middle East region for possible national security threats such as Iran’s secret construction of nuclear weapons facilities.
There are two phases during his military and civilian career that Eshed would have acquired access to information concerning extraterrestrial life and technology. The first phase involved his military service with the IDF, where Eshed worked with “Unit 81”, the secret technology unit of the Israeli Military Intelligence Directorate. It is the Israeli equivalent of the Pentagon’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the CIA’s Directorate of Science and Technology.
It’s highly likely that Eshed, at some time during US Israeli collaborations on breakthrough technologies, would have learned about multiple highly classified DARPA/CIA programs conducted during the 1970s. One of these very likely included a joint US extraterrestrial base on Mars reported by various insiders associated with the Montauk Project (1971-1983).
Decades later, Laura Eisenhower, the great granddaughter of President Eisenhower, says that she was subjected to a recruitment effort for a secret US base on Mars, but declined despite great pressure exerted on her.
Consequently, it is likely that it is through joint US Israeli collaboration on breakthrough technologies while he was associated with Unit 81 during his military service that Eshed first learned about a secret US base on Mars and extraterrestrial agreements.
During his subsequent “civilian career” (1981-2010), Eshed no doubt continued to work closely with his peers from DARPA and the CIA on breakthrough technologies, while he focused on space surveillance technologies for the IDF.
Up to his retirement in October 2010, Professor Eshed had been responsible for the launch of 20 Israeli satellites during his nearly 30-year career at the Space Research Institute and the Israel Space Agency.
During his command of Israel’s spy satellite program, he now worked closely with US peers from the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), which runs spy satellites and is jointly run by the Pentagon and the CIA. It’s during joint intelligence sharing between the NRO, CIA, and the Pentagon’s National Security Agency (NSA), with the IDF, Israel Space Agency, and the Space Research Institute that Eshed presumably learned a lot more about highly classified US programs concerning UFOs and extraterrestrial life that he first learned about while working for Unit 81.
According to Dan Sherman, a 12-year veteran with the US Air Force (1982-1994), the NSA ran an electronic communications program (“Project Preserve Destiny”) with extraterrestrials that relayed details about abducted humans that were returned to their pick-up locations unharmed and with memories wiped. Sherman’s testimony matches what Prof. Eshed and others have said about US extraterrestrial agreements and genetic experiments.
As for Eshed’s revelations about a Galactic Federation monitoring human affairs and deciding that humanity is not yet ready for open contact, this is clearly a highly controversial claim. There have been many claims of an extraterrestrial Federation, Confederation, or Alliance monitoring human affairs and regulating multiple alien visitors’ activities to our world.
The earliest reference goes back to 1952 when the famed contactee, George Van Tassel, claimed to be in communication with the “Ashtar Command,” which was deemed to be part of a wider Galactic Federation, that requested the US abandon research into thermonuclear weapons. The Galactic Federation/Ashtar Command was involved in a failed diplomatic outreach that occurred on February 20, 1954, when President Eisenhower met with its representatives at Edwards Air Force base to discuss thermonuclear weapons testing. The extraterrestrial representatives further warned Eisenhower about unscrupulous alien groups that would soon make contact to make deals.
There has been over the subsequent decades a steady succession of contactees, insiders and channelers that have spoken or written about a Galactic Federation regulating human affairs. Eshed’s reference to the Galactic Federation adds credence to the legitimacy of such claims. Indeed, the subject of Galactic Diplomacy, which is the title of my 2013 book, has been given a healthy shot of credibility.
In a December 10 interview published on YouTube, I spoke with Corey Goode, a secret space program insider, about Professor Eshed’s claims concerning a Galactic Federation. Goode elaborated upon the different federations that he was aware of or that he interacted with during his SSP service and off planet contact experiences.
As for his claim that the Galactic Federation asserts humanity is not yet ready for open contact due to our lack of technological development, there are a few ways to interpret this. One may be that our overall technological level of development needs to be closer to a Type 1 status civilization according to the Kardashev scale. This is where the majority of humanity’s energy needs come from planet-wide energy generating systems. This would require humanity moving away from non-renewable fossil fuel sources to electromagnetic or other planet-wide energy systems.
Another interpretation is that the current global situation by which advanced technology is controlled by the Deep State and withheld from the rest of humanity needs to be dealt with before open contact can occur. In other words, the power of the Deep State needs to be removed or significantly curtailed before humanity is ready for contact. After all, why would a benign Galactic Federation want to admit a planetary member that is schizophrenic and corrupted by a hidden Deep State that contemptuously manipulates the rest of humanity?
In conclusion, Professor Eshed’s revelations have brought to the mainstream media’s attention information drawn from highly classified extraterrestrial related projects that have been earlier revealed by many brave insiders, witnesses, and contactees who were widely ridiculed and debunked for their disclosure efforts. It’s hard to debunk someone with Professor Eshed’s background and stature when he raises such controversial topics.
While there may be controversy over Eshed’s startling comments, this is not due to erroneous translations, embellishments, or him losing his mind. Instead, humanity is being told to wake up to truths about extraterrestrial life and secret agreements with the visitors that have been ignored and widely ridiculed for decades.
Many scientists, academics, and space professionals are in deep denial that they could have been fooled about such monumental issues during their distinguished careers. Professor Eshed’s revelations are a big wake up call. He is asking if we personally and collectively are ready for open contact with extraterrestrial life and a Galactic Federation.
[Note: Audio version of this article is available on YouTube and Spotify]
Just four years after he left his post as CIA director and three years after the now-famous release of the Tic Tac UFO videos taken by US Navy pilots, John O. Brennan sat down for an interview to discuss these sightings, other unexplained sightings and, most interestingly, alien life forms. Brennan is promoting his new book, “Undaunted: My Fight Against America’s Enemies, At Home and Abroad” – a title which obviously does not include “enemies from outer space.” Brennan attempts to address those issues on the Marginal Revolution podcast hosted by Tyler Cowen. While Cowen is gracious enough to provide a transcript and both audio and video links to the podcast, Brennan’s comments on UFOs and aliens deserve special focus.
John O. Brennan
“I’ve seen some of those videos from Navy pilots, and I must tell you that they are quite eyebrow-raising when you look at them. You try to ensure that you have as much data as possible in terms of visuals and also different types of maybe technical collection of sensors that you have at the time. Also, I believe, it’s important to reach out into other environments and find out, were there any type of weather phenomena at that time that might have, in fact, created the appearance of the phenomenon that you’re looking at? Were there some things that were happening on the ground, or other types of phenomena that could help explain what seems to be quite a mystery as far as what is there?”
Eyebrow-raising? The reactions by the pilots, the ufology community, the media and the public to the Tic Tac videos and pilot testimonies seemed a little stronger than that. However, it’s important to keep in mind that Brennan spent 25 years in the Central Intelligence Agency, including stints as daily intelligence briefer for President Bill Clinton, deputy executive director and director of the newly created Terrorist Threat Integration Center under President George W. Bush, and director of the CIA during the final four years of the Obama administration. In other words, Brennan knows how to give briefings and his answer to Tyler’s question on how he would have handled the videos as director reflects that.
“Also, I believe, it’s important to reach out into other environments and find out, were there any type of weather phenomena at that time that might have, in fact, created the appearance of the phenomenon that you’re looking at? Were there some things that were happening on the ground, or other types of phenomena that could help explain what seems to be quite a mystery as far as what is there?”
It would have been beneficial to have had Brennan handling the disclosure of the Tic Tac videos since he’s asking questions that were not revealed when they were leaked nor after the government reluctantly confirmed their existence. Brennan assures Cowen that he would not have made up his mind in advance or discounted any unusual possibilities before analyzing all of the data. While he obviously no longer has access to that kind of data, he still offers his theory on what they might be.
“When people talk about it, is there other life besides what’s in the States, in the world, the globe? Life is defined in many different ways. I think it’s a bit presumptuous and arrogant for us to believe that there’s no other form of life anywhere in the entire universe. What that might be is subject to a lot of different views. But I think some of the phenomena we’re going to be seeing continues to be unexplained and might, in fact, be some type of phenomenon that is the result of something that we don’t yet understand and that could involve some type of activity that some might say constitutes a different form of life.”
In other words, he has not ruled out “It’s aliens!” and opens the possibility that we’re seeing a different life form that current technology is unable to recognize or interpret. He doesn’t dismiss the videos as examples of advanced Earth enemy technology (something the rest of his book shows he knows something about) or leaks of U.S. advanced technology that is being secretly tested on potentially unsuspecting military personnel. Instead, he draws a refreshing conclusion not often seen in the intelligence community.
“I just want to leave my mind open as to what something might be, but who knows what these things might be?”
For someone who spent 25 years in a job that required him to give the most powerful person in the world just the facts, no matter how distressing they may be, John O. Brennan sounds like a person who can be more open now since he no longer has the fate of the world hanging on his analysis. Unfortunately, that’s as far as he went on the subject of UFOs and aliens in this interview.
It sure would be nice to get him back into the secret files for one more look.
TRANSCRIPT
COWEN: Let’s say we take a concrete issue. The Navy has reported that a lot of its pilots have seen unidentified flying objects. If you’re tackling that, as a CIA director or someone who works there, what is it you would sift through and interpret? How would that go?
BRENNAN: I’ve seen some of those videos from Navy pilots, and I must tell you that they are quite eyebrow-raising when you look at them. You try to ensure that you have as much data as possible in terms of visuals and also different types of maybe technical collection of sensors that you have at the time.
Also, I believe, it’s important to reach out into other environments and find out, were there any type of weather phenomena at that time that might have, in fact, created the appearance of the phenomenon that you’re looking at? Were there some things that were happening on the ground, or other types of phenomena that could help explain what seems to be quite a mystery as far as what is there?
I think an important thing for analysts to do is not to go into this type of challenge either discounting certain types of possibilities or believing in advance that it is likely X, Y, or Z. You really have to approach it with an open mind, but get as much data as possible and get as much expertise as possible brought to bear.
COWEN: At the end of all that sifting and interpreting, what do you think is the most likely hypothesis?
BRENNAN: [laughs]I don’t know. When people talk about it, is there other life besides what’s in the States, in the world, the globe? Life is defined in many different ways. I think it’s a bit presumptuous and arrogant for us to believe that there’s no other form of life anywhere in the entire universe. What that might be is subject to a lot of different views.
But I think some of the phenomena we’re going to be seeing continues to be unexplained and might, in fact, be some type of phenomenon that is the result of something that we don’t yet understand and that could involve some type of activity that some might say constitutes a different form of life.
COWEN: Being an agnostic, you don’t think it’s something supernatural?
BRENNAN: Well, supernatural is in the eye of the holder. Again, I’m not going to discount them. That’s why I’m an agnostic as opposed to an atheist. I just want to leave my mind open as to what something might be, but who knows what these things might be?
Fireflies Near Sun Today, Also John Glen Tells About Seeing Them In Space 1962, UFO Sighting News.
Fireflies Near Sun Today, Also John Glen Tells About Seeing Them In Space 1962, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:Dec 12, 2020 Location of sighting: Earths sun Source: Helioviewer.org and US National Archives
Guys I found a sun photo with lots of these UFOs in it which I believe to be small living lifeforms. Lots of creatures live in water and space is very similar...so similar that astronauts train underwater inside their space suits. Astronaut John Glen made a live feed from space in Feb 1962 from his space capsule orbiting earth. He said he saw "white fireflies" following him slowly and landing on his capsule window and outer hull. He said they were most visible at sunset, but as the sun disappeared the small fireflies also disappeared. Which tells us that the objects did not glow or light up, but they were only reflecting the light from the sun as they flew around the capsule. Amazing first hand sighting in my video below at the 3:30 mark, before that is my talk about discovery of the Helioview fireflies today. 100% proof that life, even though tiny, exists, thrives in space.
A team of Cornell researchers detected radio bursts emanating from the sole exoplanet orbiting the Tau Boötes binary star system – making this the first radio emission received from a planet outside of our solar system.
All together now … with feeling:
“It’s aliens!”
OK, the team, led by Cornell postdoctoral researcher Jake D. Turner, Philippe Zarka of the Observatoire de Paris – Paris Sciences et Lettres University and Jean-Mathias Griessmeier of the Université d’Orléans, isn’t yelling that with feeling along with us, but it’s a great signal they’ve picked up using the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) radio telescope in the Netherlands. The exoplanet – a hot Jupiter gaseous giant named Tau Boötes b – is in a tight orbit around Tau Boötis, a binary system consisting of a yellow-white dwarf and a dim red dwarf that is 51 light years from Earth in the Boötis constellation. The radio bursts are almost certainly coming from the exoplanet, which has Turner’s postdoctoral advisor and astronomy professor Ray Jayawardhana pretty excited.
The real Jupiter
“If confirmed through follow-up observations, this radio detection opens up a new window on exoplanets, giving us a novel way to examine alien worlds that are tens of light-years away.”
According to the Cornell press release – the paper was published in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics – Turner came up with the idea of studying the radio emissions of our own Jupiter as a way to detect other big gaseous planets outside the solar system. Using that data, they developed a signature for finding them in star systems between 40 and 100 light years away. The team’s “Eureka!” moment came quickly as they found candidates in the 55 Cancri system in the constellation Cancer and in the Upsilon Andromedae systems. However, neither were as significant as Tau Boötes b.
So … are aliens on Tau Boötes b trying to contact us … or anyone else listening?
“The signature, though, is weak. There remains some uncertainty that the detected radio signal is from the planet. The need for follow-up observations is critical.”
Like all good scientists, Turner wants certified proof that the signal is coming from Tau Boötes b. Also, the exoplanet is a hot Jupiter, not an Earth-like exoplanet with a magnetic field that contributes to possible habitability “by shielding their own atmospheres from solar wind and cosmic rays, and protecting the planet from atmospheric loss.” There’s not much chance our own Jupiter harbors life, let alone intelligent life with the ability to intentionally send out radio bursts.
Europa
Could the radio burst come from an exo-moon like Jupiter’s Europa, which has a salty ocean that could support life? Is anyone looking for Europa-like signatures or radio signals?
There’s probably not a single one of us who hasn’t, at some point, wondered what it would be like to travel through time. Of course, we must first make a strong case demonstrating that such a thing is, at the very least, feasible. It’s all good and well to share sensational and exciting stories of time-surfing with one and all. The fact is, though, we need much more than that. And, with that said, let’s now look at the science behind time-travel. Today, I’m focusing on the phenomenon called “Wormholes.” Nola Taylor Redd says: “The wormhole theory postulates that a theoretical passage through space-time could create shortcuts for long journeys across the universe. Wormholes are predicted by the theory of general relativity. But be wary: wormholes bring with them the dangers of sudden collapse, high radiation and dangerous contact with exotic matter. Wormholes were first theorized in 1916, though that wasn’t what they were called at the time. While reviewing another physicist’s solution to the equations in Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity, Austrian physicist Ludwig Flamm realized another solution was possible. He described a ‘white hole,’ a theoretical time reversal of a black hole. Entrances to both black and white holes could be connected by a space-time conduit.”
Jillian Scharr is a staff writer for NBC. She, too has, carefully addressed the almost-mind-boggling issues of time-travel and wormholes: “The concept of a time machine typically conjures up images of an implausible plot device used in a few too many science-fiction storylines. But according to Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity, which explains how gravity operates in the universe, real-life time travel isn’t just a vague fantasy. Traveling forward in time is an uncontroversial possibility, according to Einstein’s theory. In fact, physicists have been able to send tiny particles called muons, which are similar to electrons, forward in time by manipulating the gravity around them. That’s not to say the technology for sending humans 100 years into the future will be available anytime soon, though.”
Now, let us ponder deeply on the words of Calla Cofield, who provides us the following: “In his 1994 publication Black Holes and Time Warps…[Kip] Thorne proposes a thought experiment: Say he obtains a small wormhole, which connects two points in space as if they were not separated by any distance at all. Thorne takes his wormhole and puts one end in his living room, and the other aboard a spaceship parked in his front yard. Thorne’s wife, Carolee, hops aboard the spaceship to prepare for a trip. The two don’t have to say goodbye, though, because no matter how far away Carolee travels, they can see each other through the wormhole. They can even hold hands, as if through an open doorway.” Fascinating? Indeed! We aren’t over yet, though.
Bill Andrews, of Discover magazine, most assuredly gives us something to think about – and deeply too: “The first problem for any explorer determined to survey a wormhole is simply finding one. While Einstein’s work says they can exist, we don’t currently know of any. They may actually be impossible after all, forbidden by some deeper physics that the universe obeys, but we haven’t discovered. The second issue is that, despite years of research, scientists still aren’t really sure how wormholes would work. Can any technology ever create and manipulate them, or are they simply a part of the universe? Do they stay open forever, or are they only traversable for a limited time? And perhaps most significantly, are they stable enough to allow for human travel? The answer to all of these: We just don’t know.”
Now, I’ll share with you the words of my colleague and friend here at the Mysterious Universe website, Paul Seaburn. In 2017, he elected to immerse himself into this strange and swirling world of wormholes: “In a recent post on his Forbes blog, Starts with a Bang, theoretical astrophysicist and science writer Ethan Siegel lays out the parts and the plans for traveling backwards in time. Siegel claims this ‘time machine’ abides by Einstein’s general theory of relativity and will not destroy the universe as we know it. Siegel proposes a sort of reverse wormhole. Instead of the conventional ‘travel 40 light years out at nearly the speed of light, come back and you’ve aged 2 years while everyone else is 82 years older,’ he proposes a wormhole with one fixed end and one that moves around at nearly the speed of light. The wormhole is created, you wait a year and then enter the end that has been in motion. When you come out at the fixed end, it’s 40 years prior. That means if you entered this wormhole today, you could travel back to 1978.”
It’s most important to note that all of those who have addressed the issue of wormholes are well-respected figures in their own, specific arenas. And, they have brought to the table significant material that suggests wormholes and time-travel are both a reality. Heading back into the past? Don’t bet against it!
Maandag verschijnt dit fenomeen aan de hemel voor de eerste keer sinds middeleeuwen, wordt het weer de spelbreker?
Astronomen kijken uit naar 21 december, de kortste dag van het jaar. Die dag staan Jupiter en Saturnus vanuit ons perspectief op aarde zodanig op bijna dezelfde lijn dat ze één heldere ster lijken, ook al staan de twee gasreuzen in werkelijkheid miljoenen kilometers van elkaar.
Zulke ‘grote conjuctie’ doet zich ongeveer om de twintig jaar voor, maar dit betekent niet dat het fenomeen telkens zichtbaar is. Als de twee planeten te dicht tegen de zon staan, speelt dit de waarneming zwaar parten. Iets wat deze keer heel goed meevalt. Ook de afstand tussen de twee planeten, afhankelijk van de positie van de aarde, is zeldzaam klein. Het zou dan voor het eerst sinds 4 maart 1226 zijn dat de conjuctie goed waarneembaar is. Telescopen bestonden toen nog niet, het fenomeen was die middeleeuwse dag in de vroege ochtend ongeveer een kwartier lang te zien in onze streken, stelt New Scientist.
Wie maandag een poging wil wagen de conjuctie te aanschouwen, moet in het eerste uur na zonsondergang naar buiten. In Brussel gaat die dag de zon onder om 16.39 uur. Ook moeten we hopen op een heldere hemel. Het KMI verwacht voorlopig voor maandag regenachtig weer...
Hoge gebouwen belemmeren het zicht, voor een optimale waarneming is een open plek uitkiezen een must. Dit omdat de conjunctie redelijk laag plaatsvindt. Onze blik moet zich richten naar het zuidwesten. Met een verrekijker zou het mogelijk moeten zijn de ringen van Saturnus te kunnen zien.
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Pole Shift Is Happening Right Now on the Earth!
Pole Shift Is Happening Right Now on the Earth!
Like most planets in our solar system, the Earth has its own magnetic field. Thanks to its largely molten iron core, our planet is in fact a bit like a bar magnet. It has a north and south magnetic pole, separate from the geographic poles, with a field connecting the two. This field protects our planet from radiation and is responsible for creating the northern and southern lights – spectacular events that are only visible near the magnetic poles. However, with reports that the magnetic north pole has started moving swiftly at 50km per year – and may soon be over Siberia – it has long been unclear whether the northern lights will move too.
Now a new study, published in Geophysical Research Letters, has come up with an answer. Our planetary magnetic field has many advantages. For over 2,000 years, travelers have been able to use it to navigate across the globe. Some animals even seem to be able to find their way thanks to the magnetic field. But, more importantly than that, our geomagnetic field helps protect all life on Earth.
Reptilian Aliens Documented In Ancient Times | Sumerian Tablets, The Anunnaki - Anton Parks
Reptilian Aliens Documented In Ancient Times | Sumerian Tablets, The Anunnaki - Anton Parks
Reptilian Aliens Documented In Ancient Times | Sumerian Tablets, The Anunnaki – Anton Parks
Anton Parks believes 20,000 newly excavated Sumerian tablets can finally show the true location of the Garden of Eden. Modern experts hypothesise proof of ancient genetic tampering that irreversibly changed the course of human evolution.
Adam, the First Man – Does the ancient Sumerian word “Adam” hold clues to the relationship between early humans and the Sumerian gods? The Anunnaki? Did scholars make deliberate choices to omit certain sections of the Bible’s creation story..
Unknown Bright Objects Swarm in ALL Directions Above Earth From ISS | Bright Aurora & Huge Fireball!
Unknown Bright Objects Swarm in ALL Directions Above Earth From ISS | Bright Aurora & Huge Fireball!
Unknown Bright Objects SWARM in ALL Directions Above Earth From ISS | Bright Aurora & HUGE Fireball!
WAY More Occurred During Today’s Total Eclipse Than Was Expected! *Shockwave/Radio Blackout* & more
We are living in very unique, changing times and during these times I have become more than intrigued by these changes and what is causing them. I’m referring to the earth changes, changes in our sun and how the earth’s atmosphere manages this what I believe to be a much different sunlight.
Over the last 10 years I have become very familiar with our planet, the mechanics of it and how it reacts to many different aspects of space weather and many other things as well. I monitor everything from the sea floor to the cosmos and everything in between. I am a full-time Watchman and as these uncertain times move forward I’ve got your back. When you really need to know…you’ll know.
World's Scariest Alien Creatures Caught on Camera in United States, Canada and Russia
World's Scariest Alien Creatures Caught on Camera in United States, Canada and Russia
A strange apparitions tumbling to the ground and then soaring up again has been caught on a closed circuit television video in many countries. Mystics are claiming it to be an hybrid aliens.
The “aliens” appears for just a second but can be seen quite clearly.
Back in 2012 I found a photo of an astronaut shadow fixing the Mars rover. That photo has been deleted, but I found new evidence today that builds on it. Someone on Mars is repairing the NASA rover and they are doing a real redneck of a job. You know, like I might make using a garden hose to fix my radiator hose in my 4x4 truck. Well this guy used some pink sponge matting and its not even big enough to cover the whole area around the pipe. Then he tied it together with some plastic gold string and tied a knot. It's so poorly done that it looks like someone with zero experience with technology did the repair job. Anyways, you make up your own mind. I sure made up mine!
This is 100% proof that NASA has someone on Mars fixing the rover. The person living on mars has to have others there too, so there is already a whole colony on Mars. The USA wants to remain a world power and keep other countries off of Mars. Thats why all the Russian probes sent to Mars have been destroyed with in minutes of getting there...except some died on the way.
This video shot from a drone with 4K high speed shutter shows a high speed UFO flying over the Parker Dam in Arizona on December 15, 2020.
Since the UFO also called a fastwalker, flies past the drone at a short distance at such an enormous speed, it was only possible to frame some images of the object.
2,000-Year-Old Realistic Green Mask Found Nestled Inside an Ancient Pyramid
2,000-Year-Old Realistic Green Mask Found Nestled Inside an Ancient Pyramid
Mexico is filled with incredible archeology that gives clues about its rich pre-Columbian history. One of the most impressive structures, the Pyramid of the Sun, is full of new surprises. As the largest building in Teotihuacan, archaeologists have been continuously studying the structure, which was built around 100 CE. Though few artifacts have been found on-site, in 2011 a surprising discovery was made by researchers from Mexico’s National Institute of Anthropology and History
(INAH).
By using a 380-foot-long tunnel dug by archeologists in the 1930s, the group was able to get to the mother-rock level. Once there, they discovered a rare cache of treasures. This included shards of clay pottery, animal bones, pieces of obsidian, three serpentine human figurines, and a stunning serpentine mask. The green mask is particularly interesting because, at the time of its discovery, it was the only mask of its kind to be found in a ritual context in Teotihuacan.
It's believed that these offerings were left as part of a ritual to inaugurate the construction of the pyramid—hence its location at the lower level. The mask itself is extremely lifelike, which gave rise to the theory that it's actually a portrait. This would be incredible, as archeologists have little information about the people who constructed Teotihuacan. There are also conflicting theories about the exact use of the pyramid. Even the name isn't original.
Photo: INAH
It was actually the Aztecs, who visited Teotihuacan centuries after it was abandoned, that named it Pyramid of the Sun. The original name of the world's third-largest pyramid remains unknown. Teotihuacan was a thriving city once called the City of the Gods. At its peak, 200,000 people called it home. And yet, researchers have little to no idea who these dominant people were and why these vanished without a trace.
With so much information to discover, it's not a surprise that INAH continues to conduct research in the area. In fact, more recently, an underground tunnel was found under the nearby Pyramid of the Moon. By using electrical resistance technology, they were able to map the tunnel without breaking ground.
The subterranean chamber, which is proceeded by a chamber measuring 49 feet in diameter, could be the home of even more treasures. Hopefully, these cumulative findings will shed more light on this great civilization and reveal more about its demise. “These large offering complexes constitute the sacred heart of the city of Teotihuacán, the reason why everyone saw it as the mecca of the civilization,” said Verónica Ortega, director of the Integral Conservation Project for the Plaza of the Moon. “What can be found inside them will help unravel the relationship this ancient metropolis had with other regions of Mesoamerica.”
Physicists in China have revealed the details on their ground-breaking experiment to achieve ‘ultra-long-distance quantum teleportation,’ which could pave the way for a global quantum internet.
In a major breakthrough, the team established the first ground-to-satellite quantum network, which allowed them to transmit a photon from an entangled pair up to 870 miles (1,400 kilometers).
Entangled photons theoretically maintain their link across any distance, and have potential to revolutionize secure communications – but, scientists have previously only managed to maintain the bond for about 62 miles (100 km).
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In a major breakthrough, the team established the first ground-to-satellite quantum network, which allowed them to transmit a photon from an entangled pair up to 870 miles (1,400 kilometers). An artist's impression of the Micius 'quantum' satellite is pictured
WHAT IS QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT?
In quantum physics, entangled particles remain connected so that actions performed by one affects the behaviour of the other, even if they are separated by huge distances.
This means if you measure, 'up' for the spin of one photon from an entangled pair, the spin of the other, measured an instant later, will be 'down' - even if the two are on opposite sides of the world.
Entanglement takes place when a part of particles interact physically. For instance, a laser beam fired through a certain type of crystal can cause individual light particles to be split into pairs of entangled photons.
The theory that so riled Einstein is also referred to as 'spooky action at a distance'. Einstein wasn't happy with theory, because it suggested that information could travel faster than light
The experiments relied on the ‘quantum satellite’ Micius, which launched to a Sun-synchronous orbit last year from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre.
As the satellite moves through its orbit, its distance from the Tibetan ground station varies from 500 km to 1400 km (310.7 – 869.9 miles).
‘In our experiment, the quantum state to be teleported is the polarization of a single photon,’ the researchers explain in the paper, published to arXiv.
‘Such a single qubit is generated from an observatory ground station in Ngari, and aimed to be teleported to the Micius satellite that has been launched from China on 16th August 2016 to an altitude of ~500 km.’
This setup is what’s known as an uplink configuration, according to the researchers.
The 1,300 pound craft satellite is equipped with a laser beam, which the scientists subjected to a beam splitter.
This gave the beam two distinct polarized states.
In the up-link approach, the transmitter is located at the ground station, while the satellite acts as the receiver.
As the satellite moves through its orbit, its distance from the Tibetan ground station varies from 500 km to 1400 km (310.7 – 869.9 miles). In the up-link approach, the transmitter is located at the ground station, while the satellite acts as the receiver, as illustrated
The graph shows the distance from the ground station to the orbiting satellite and the measured attenuation during one orbit. The trajectory of the Micuis satellite measured from Ngari ground station is shown (a), along with the measured ground-to-satellite channel loss
This technique, however, presented a number of challenges, which required the team to develop several workarounds.
‘To optimize the link efficiency and overcome the atmospheric turbulence in the up-link, a series of techniques are developed,’ the researchers explain, ‘including a compact ultra-bright source of multi-photon entanglement, narrow beam divergence, high-bandwidth and high-accuracy acquiring, pointing, and tracking (APT).’
Not only did the team successfully transmit single-photon qubits over hundreds of miles, from Earth to space, for the first time, but they managed to do it for six input states, to ‘demonstrate that the quantum teleportation is universal.’
The breakthrough now puts scientists a major step closer to developing an ultra-secure global internet.
In quantum physics, entangled
particles remain connected so that actions performed by one affects the behaviour of the other, even if they are separated by huge distances. This is illustrated in the artist's impression above
HOW THEY DID IT
Scientists in China have successfully transmitted entangled photons farther than ever before, achieving a distance of up to 1,400 kilometers (870 miles) between suborbital space and Earth.
Using the ‘quantum satellite’ Micius, the scientists were able to to transmit a photon from an entangled pair from the ground station in Tibet to the orbiting craft, in what's known as an uplink configuration.
The 1,300 pound craft satellite is equipped with a laser beam, which the scientists subjected to a beam splitter.
This gave the beam two distinct polarized states.
In the uplink approach, the transmitter is located at the ground station, while the satellite acts as the receiver.
Not only did the team successfully transmit single-photon qubits over hundreds of miles for the first time, but they managed to do it for six input states, to ‘demonstrate that the quantum teleportation is universal.’
Pairs of entangled photons fired to ground stations can form a ‘secret key’ – and, theoretically, any attempts to breach this type of communication would be easily detectable.
According to the researchers, ‘This work establishes the first ground-to-satellite up-link for faithful and ultra-long-distance quantum teleportation, an essential step toward global-scale quantum internet.’
The Micius satellite launched from Jiuquan Satellite launch Center last year, and the new findings mark a promising step forward in the two-year mission prove successful, which could be followed by a fleet of others if all goes well, according to Nature.
To overcome the complications of long-distance quantum entanglement, scientists often break the line of transmission up, creating smaller segments that can then repeatedly swap, purify, and store the information along the optical fiber, according to the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Or, as in this case, they can use lasers and satellites.
The researchers sought to prove that particles can remain entangled across great distances, aiming for nearly 750 miles.
Earlier efforts to demonstrate quantum communication have shown this can be done up to just over 180 miles, and scientists hope that transmitting the photons through space will push this even farther.
When travelling through air and optical fibres, protons get scattered or absorbed, Nature explains, posing challenges to the preservation of the fragile quantum state.
In a major breakthrough for quantum teleportation, scientists in China have successfully transmitted entangled photons farther than ever before, achieving a distance of more than 1,200 km (745 miles) between suborbital space and Earth
But, photons can travel more smoothly through space.
Achieving quantum communication at such distances would enable the creation of secure worldwide communications networks, allowing two parties to communicate using a shared encryption key.
In quantum physics, entangled particles remain connected so that actions performed by one affects the behaviour of the other, even if they are separated by huge distances.
So, if someone were to attempt to listen in on one end, the disruption would be detectable on the other.
Over the course of the two-year mission, the researchers in China will conduct a Bell test to prove the existence of entanglement at such a great distance.
And, they will attempt to ‘teleport’ quantum states, according to Nature, meaning the quantum state of the photo will be rebuilt in a new location.
Researchers from Canada, Japan, Italy, and Singapore have also revealed plans to conduct quantum experiments in space, including one proposed aboard the International Space Station.
This experiment would attempt to create a reliable and efficient means for teleportation.
By achieving quantum teleportation, the researchers say they could create a telescope with an enormous resolution.
‘You could not just see planets,’ Paul Kwiat, a physicist at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign involved with the Nasa project, ’but in principle read licence plates on Jupiter’s moons.’
In a major breakthrough for the quest toward quantum internet, a technology that would revolutionize computing in myriad ways, a consortium of well-regarded institutions have announced the first demonstration of sustained, high-fidelity quantum teleportation over long distances.
Led by Caltech, a collaboration between Fermilab, AT&T, Harvard University, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and the University of Calgary reports the successful teleportation of qubits, basic units of quantum information, across 22 kilometers of fiber in two testbeds: the Caltech Quantum Network and the Fermilab Quantum Network.
“The team has been working persistently and keeping our heads down in the past few years,” said Maria Spiropulu, a particle physicist at Caltech who directs the INQNET research program and co-authored the new paper, in an email.
Though the collaboration knew it had “achieved significant results” by the spring of 2020, Spiropulu added, they refrained from sharing the news, even informally on social media, until the publication of the full study this week.
“We wanted to push the envelope for this type of research and take important steps on a path to realize both real-life applications for quantum communications and networks and test fundamental physics ideas,” said Panagiotis Spentzouris, head of the Quantum Science Program at Fermilab, in an email.
“So, when we finally did it, the team was elated, very proud for achieving these high-quality, record-breaking results,” he continued. “And we are very excited that we can move to the next phase, utilizing the know-how and the technologies from this work towards the deployment of quantum networks.”
The researchers say their experiment used "off-the-shelf" equipment that is compatible with both existing telecommunications infrastructure and emerging quantum technologies. The results “provide a realistic foundation for a high-fidelity quantum Internet with practical devices,” according to a study released on Tuesday in the journal PRX Quantum report.
Quantum teleportation does not involve the actual transfer of matter. Rather, quantum particles are entangled (dependent on each other, even over long distances) and somehow know the property of their other half. From our explainer earlier this year:
In a way, entangled particles behave as if they are aware of how the other particle is behaving. Quantum particles, at any point, are in a quantum state of probabilities, where properties like position, momentum, and spin of the particle are not precisely determined until there is some measurement. For entangled particles, the quantum state of each depends on the quantum state of the other; if one particle is measured and changes state, for example, the other particle’s state will change accordingly.
The study aimed to teleport the state of quantum qubits, or "quantum bits," which are the basic units of quantum computing. According to the study, the researchers set up what is basically a compact network with three nodes: Alice, Charlie, and Bob. In this experiment, Alice sends a qubit to Charlie. Bob has an entangled pair of qubits, and also sends one qubit to Charlie, where it interferes with Alice's qubit. Charlie projects Alice's qubit onto an entangled quantum Bell State that transfers the state of Alice's original qubit to Bob's remaining qubit.
The breakthrough is notable for a few reasons. Many previous demonstrations of quantum teleportation have proven to be unstable over long distances. For example, in 2016, researchers at the University of Calgary were able to perform quantum teleportation at a distance of six kilometers. This was the world record at the time and was seen as a major achievement.
The ultimate goal is to create quantum networks that would use entanglement and superposition to vastly increase computing speed, power, and security, relative to classical computers. For example, the U.S. Department of Energy has an ambitious plan to build a quantum network between its National Laboratories.
Any field that relies on computers would be affected by the realization of this technology, though much of the focus of the future potential of quantum networks revolves around cryptography, search algorithms, financial services, and quantum simulations that could model complex phenomena.
Quantum computing has been on the horizon for years, and this study takes us one step closer to realizing it on a practical scale. But don’t expect to surf a quantum internet anytime soon.
“People on social media are asking if they should sign up for a quantum internet provider (jokingly of course),” Spiropulu said. “We need (a lot) more R&D work.”
Now that Fermilab, Caltech, and its partners have demonstrated this key step toward these networks, the team plans to further develop quantum information technology by building a metropolitan-scale network, called the Illinois Express Quantum Network, around Chicago.
“There are many fronts that we need to push forward,” said Spentzouris, “both in applications of quantum communication and network technologies and in advancing the engineering of the systems. We are already working hard on developing architecture, processes, and protocols for quantum networks and on optimizing along some metrics including rate of communications and range.”
A LEAKED Pentagon photo of a mysterious “silver cube” hovering over the Atlantic has sparked fears of possible aliens living within the ocean.
The Defense Department’s Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force issued two classified intelligence “position reports,” one in 2018 and one last summer,” The Debrief reported on Wednesday.
A 2018 cockpit photo apparently shows an 'unidentified aerial phenomena'Credit: UAPTF
A cockpit photo was apparently included in the 2018 position report that showed an “unidentified aerial phenomena,” or UAP.
The Debrief on Thursday shared the Defense picture and reported it was taken “from within the cockpit of an F/A-18 fighter jet with a pilot’s personal cell phone” on the East Coast of the US.
Three US officials who saw the picture said it the mysterious object was “cube-shaped” and silver.
The object looked like it was “hovering” or was motionless when the military pilots saw it.
The photo was leaked and published by The Debrief on ThursdayCredit: UAPTF
The three officials told The Debrief that based on the picture the mystery “cube” appeared to be flying at 30,000 to 35,000 feet and was roughly 1,000 feet from the fighter jet.
“In decades with the [Intelligence Community] I’ve never seen anything like this,” one intel official told the news outlet.
The report, according to one official, said had gone through “normal, non-public, information sharing channels” and other protected sources of communication, like the NSA’s official intranet.
The Debrief reported that the unidentified object seen by pilots looks similar to a GPS dropsonde, which is an atmospheric profiling device.
But the photo from the Defense Department doesn’t seem to have the GPS receiver that follows below the dropsonde’s parachute.
Former US Navy pilot David Fravor said earlier this year that he spotted a bizarre Tic Tac-like shaped object off California
The 2018 Pentagon report as reported by the news outlet apparently admitted that military officials couldn’t determine where many UAP were from.
The 2018 report is said to have provided a general overview of the UAP topic and included details of previous military encounters, as well as a frank admission that the origin of many UAP could not be determined.
Sources told The Debrief that a “list” of possible explanations was provided.
The report apparently said that the possibility that the UAP was “alien” or “non-human” is a legitimate consideration.
A second report from this summer “went viral” among the intel community, according to an official.
The most shocking part of that report was said to be an “extremely clear” picture of an “unidentifiable triangular aircraft.”
The strange object was spotted off the coast of California in November 2004Credit: US Department of Defense
The picture, also taken inside a military fighter jet cockpit, showed “an apparent aerospace vehicle described as a large equilateral triangle.”
It looked like it had round or “blunted” edges and had big, spherical white “lights” in the corners.
Insisting on the authenticity of what he saw on November 10, 2004, he said: "This is not like we saw it and it was gone or I saw lights in the sky and it's gone – we watched this thing on a crystal clear day with four trained observers."
"We see this little white Tic Tac because we’re about 20 feet above it and it’s going north, south, north, south, and it's abrupt.
"It's aware of us and it goes bloop and start coming up, so it knows we're there. This is like five minutes
The Defense Department released footage of the bizarre unknown object Credit: US Department of Defense
"I'm going to meet it and I'm probably a half-mile away and it's coming across my nose and it just accelerates and disappears about 12,000 feet in less than a half-second and it’s gone," he said.
He said when the flying object was over the sea, the water appeared to be white but when he and other jets had gone over to inspect, it had returned to being blue.
When he landed, Fravor narrated his encounter to a colleague, Chad Underwood, who was able to locate the object and managed to get a video on his radar.
Fravor claims it was then that the radar was jammed by the aircraft.
Following the release of a video of what happened, President Donald Trump called it "one hell of a video" and questioned if it was real.
British Astronaut: Aliens Definitely Exist and They Could Be Living among Us on Earth, Says Britain’s First Astronaut
(Rob Picheta) Aliensdefinitely exist, Britain’s first astronaut has said — and it’s possible they’re living among us on Earth but have gone undetected so far.
Helen Sharman, who visited the Soviet Mir space station in 1991, told the Observer newspaper on Sunday that “aliens exist, there’s no two ways about it.”
“There are so many billions of stars out there in the universe that there must be all sorts of different forms of life,” she went on. “Will they be like you and me, made up of carbon and nitrogen? Maybe not.”
Then, in a tantalizing theory that should probably make you very suspicious of your colleagues, Sharman added: “It’s possible they’re here right now and we simply can’t see them.”
Sharman was the first of seven Britons to enter space.
Sharman became the first Briton in space in 1992.
The chemist spent eight days as a researcher on the space mission when she was 27, making her one of the youngest people to enter orbit.
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • Impeccably researched, this riveting journalistic investigation separates fact from fiction, and documents the existence of—and government reactions to—actual UFOs. “A treasure trove of insightful and eye-opening information.”—Michio Kaku, PH.D., bestselling author of Physics of the Future
NASA rovers are trawling Mars for evidence of past or present life forms, but humankind’s endless fascination with extraterrestrial life forms has so far proved fruitless.
Sharman is not the only person to speculate that we’ve had brushes with aliens, though.
Elsewhere in her interview, Sharman said there is “no greater beauty than looking at the Earth from up high.”
“I’ll never forget the first time I saw it,” she added.
Sharman also discussed her frustration with observers defining her by her sex. “People often describe me as the first British woman in space, but I was actually the first British person. It’s telling that we would otherwise assume it was a man,” she said.
“When Tim Peake went into space, some people simply forgot about me. A man going first would be the norm, so I’m thrilled that I got to upset that order.”
Stillness in the Storm Editor: Why did we post this?
The preceding information presents information that builds a case for the existence of extraterrestrial life in the universe, which some claim has already made contact with humanity. While these claims remain largely unconfirmed, in a substantive and comprehensive way, an individual can contemplate their meaning, and in the process, catalyze the mind for greater awakening. This information also helps dispel the false reality pushed by the Deep State, which is essential so as to liberate the individual from the fetters of disillusionment related fundamentally myopic and depreciated view of cosmic realities and ultimate identities.
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Tim Peake shares incredible moment he thought he saw 'flickering UFO' from ISS
Tim Peake shares incredible moment he thought he saw 'flickering UFO' from ISS
BRITISH astronaut Major Tim Peake has opened up about the "exciting" moment when he witnessed strange "flickering" lights during his incredible time in space.
Major Tim Peake has revealed an unusual story about the time he thought he spotted UFO during his time in space. In 2015, he became the first British European Space Agency astronaut to work on board the International Space Station (ISS) and to conduct a spacewalk. However, Mr Peake's UFO story left ITV's Good Morning Britain hosts Piers Morgan and Susanna Reid howling with laughter.
Mr Morgan had said: "You thought you'd seen an UFO flickering past you.
"You got all excited, right to the point you realised exactly what it was that you'd seen."
The astronaut said: "Absolutely. This was to the end of the mission so I was quite experienced as to what you should see and what you shouldn't see in space.
"I saw three lights flying in formation in the daytime."
Sometimes the UFO field takes a right turn into the dark recesses of the downright grim. The man called Stanley Romanek has had a pretty weird life. A prominent author and expert on alien and UFO phenomena, he is also well-known as being an alien abductee, which entails those individuals who claim to have been kidnapped by aliens for reasons we may never understand. Besides being an abductee, Romanek has a pretty unusual pedigree even within the UFO field, as his claims of alien contact really run the range of the weird, going well above and beyond the usual oddness. In the year 2000 he claims that he had his first abduction experience, during which time he was allegedly experimented on, and according to him he would be abducted numerous other times. He claimed that the aliens often communicated with him telepathically, and while this might seem pretty mundane by normal abductee standards, this is not even nearly the end of the strangeness. Here we go down the rabbit hole of a man who was embroiled in some really rather bizarre UFO stuff, as well as a dark secret life and unspeakable crimes.
Unlike the usual straight forward alien abduction claims, some of Romanek’s stories really went out past the stratosphere of the odd into the furthest reaches of the bizarre, and over the course of numerous supposed abductions by these aliens some of his stories really stand out. He says that on several occasions he had woken with lost time and inexplicable cuts and other wounds on his body, which oddly glowed brightly when put under a black light. He claims that under hypnosis he would remember that these strange wounds had been inflicted upon him by the aliens using inscrutable medical procedures. On another occasion he woke from one of these experiences and was baffled to find that he was now wearing a woman’s dress. How did he end up in women’s clothing? Why, the aliens did it of course, and not only that, but he was convinced that this wasn’t just any dress, but rather the actual dress that Betty Hill had worn during her famous alien abduction. Why the aliens would do this, Romanek doesn’t say. There was also the time that they installed an implant into his leg. He also claims that the aliens would frequently talk with him either telepathically or through a device known as a “ghost box,” basically an electronic audio device designed to pick up the voices of ghosts, called “electronic voice phenomena,” or EVP.
Stanley Romanek
Throughout these abductions Romanek claims that there was an ominous undercurrent to it all. He would say that the aliens constantly monitored him and followed him around, sometimes even breaking into his home. There also seemed to be others keeping tabs on him, both malevolent and benign. One of these was a mysterious call from a woman with a British accent who called him “Starseed,” and reassured him that he was special and important and that he should not be afraid of what he is, but follow his instincts and stay alert. Another person who contacted him was a little girl who called herself “Kioma” and who claimed to be one of his 9 (!) alien hybrid daughters. Other parties following him around were decidedly more nefarious, and he would complain of being subjected to stalking, harassment, computer hacking, intimidation, and even assault, all in what he claims was an effort to silence him on what he had experienced. So, did Romanek have any evidence for any of this? Well, that’s kind of a long, weird story in and of itself.
Romanek would claim to have taken various photographs and videos of these UFOs and aliens, with perhaps the most famous being what has come to be called the “Boo Video.” The video in question is taken in Romanek’s bedroom, and allegedly shows at one point an alien face leering in through the window. It is blurry and indistinct, like many other similar videos, but Romanek insisted that it was genuine, even going so far as to take a lie detector test over its authenticity after being suggested that he take one by radio host George Noory on the popular paranormal program Coast to Coast AM. Unfortunately for him, he failed the test, but that’s OK, because he would also claim that he had a mysterious medical condition that prevented lie detectors from working for him, later even accusing Noory of having set up the lie detector test to fail from the beginning. Right, then.
This would highlight another aspect of Romanek, which is that he was able to come up with an excuse for his lack of being able to show any concrete evidence at every turn. Seriously, he has a weasel excuse for everything. When he appeared on in an interview on ABC Primetime and someone wanted to examine the supposed alien implant in his leg, he agreed, yet when the time came for him to actually be examined he said it had mysteriously disappeared. When some of his photographic evidence was found to be almost definitely faked, he blamed the shady parties following him of capturing him in a nefarious plot to discredit him. He would use a similar excuse when he admitted that he had faked video footage of moving objects, but then said it was only because authorities had strong-armed him into discrediting himself. Then there was the time he was arrested on charges of child pornography and this was all a government conspiracy too. Wait, wait?
In 2014, Romanek was arrested on child pornography charges after an investigation by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security found more than 300 images as well as video files depicting child pornography on his computer. This is a serious felony offense, but both Romanek and his wife, Lisa, immediately strongly denied the charges. According to them this was all part of a vast conspiracy to frame him and to serve as an example and warning to silence other alien abductees. Romanek adamantly claimed that the pornography had been planted on his computer by the authorities in order to implicate him, and that everyone involved in the arrest and trial were corrupt conspirators. Romanek did everything but claim that aliens were actually controlling his mind in an effort to deny any responsibility for his action. He even constantly put off the inevitable by claiming illness on several court dates in order to push back and delay the trial, anything to deflect blame and stave off having to actually face taking responsibility for what had happened.
Lisa Romanek famously proclaimed that they were going to fight it to the end, and were going to “bring ufology into the courtroom,” but unfortunately for them child pornography is pretty serious business that no one really has any sense of humor or leeway about at all, and so their bonkers claims of corrupt cops and shadowy government alien conspiracies did little to stop Romanek’s inevitable conviction. In the end Romanek got off rather lucky, in that he was found guilty of knowingly possessing the pornography on his computer but not of the more serious charge of distribution. He would be sentenced to serve two years in the Larimer County Community Corrections halfway house and to register as a sex offender, including the 10 years of intensive supervised probation and regular mental evaluations that comes with. He has been featured on a Netflix documentary entitled Extraordinary: The Stan Romanek Story. What are we to make of Romanek and all of this weirdness? It is certainly a dark splotch on the record of the alien abductee phenomena, and whether any of his alien encounter stories are true or not, he is undoubtedly a pathetic human being that most are probably willing to agree got what he deserved.
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Dinosaur brain scan reveals how dog-sized ancestor of the diplodocus ran on two legs and hunted meat unlike its giant plodding plant-eating descendants
Dinosaur brain scan reveals how dog-sized ancestor of the diplodocus ran on two legs and hunted meat unlike its giant plodding plant-eating descendants
The first Thecodontosaurus was discovered near what is now Bristol Zoo in 1834
It is related to herbivores Diplodocus and Brontosaurus and was originally thought to be vegetarian
But it is now thought to have run on two legs and eat meat, unlike its four-legged descendants
Scientists have reconstructed the brain of a dinosaur that roamed Britain 205 million years ago, revealing startling insights into how it lived.
Thecodontosaurus is related to herbivore descendants Diplodocus and Brontosaurus.
But it is believed the creature, which was roughly the size of a dog, ran fast on two legs, ate meat and had good hearing and eyesight - making it an accomplished hunter.
Palaeontologists used CT scans to recreate the creature's two-inch-long strawberry-sized brain in 3D.
Antonio Ballell, lead author of the study published in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society said: 'Our analysis of Thecodontosaurus' brain uncovered many fascinating features, some of which were quite surprising.
Thecodontosaurus ran fast on two legs and ate meat - unlike its giant herbivore descendants Diplodocus and Brontosaurus. The creature, roughly the size of a large dog, also had good hearing and eyesight - making it an accomplished hunter
From CT scans of the fossil, 3-D models of the braincase and the endocast were generated and studied. Lead author Antonio Ballell said: 'Our analysis of Thecodontosaurus' brain uncovered many fascinating features, some of which were quite surprising'
'Whereas its later relatives moved around ponderously on all fours, our findings suggest this species may have walked on two legs and been occasionally carnivorous.'
The fossilised remains were perfectly preserved and included the braincase - enabling a precise reconstruction of the organ.
Doctoral student Antonio added: 'It would have been around two inches in length, approximately the size of a strawberry.'
Despite being a carnivore, Thecodontosaurus was an early member of the plant-eating sauropods. Some weighed up to 100 tons and reached 110 feet long.
The pioneering study sheds fresh light on the evolution of the biggest land animals that ever lived.
More than six-feet-long and over three-foot-tall, Thecodontosaurus was the size of a large dog.
Computer images reveal brain regions involved in coordination, agility, sight, diet and hearing.
The team at the University of Bristol - where the animal's fossils are housed - used state-of-the-art software to extract new information without destroying them.
Bones were digitally extracted from the rock, identifying anatomical details about its brain for the first time.
Mr Ballell, a PhD student, explained: 'Even though the actual brain is long gone, the software allows us to recreate brain and inner ear shape via the dimensions of the cavities left behind.
'The braincase of Thecodontosaurus is beautifully preserved so we compared it to other dinosaurs, identifying common features and some that are specific to Thecodontosaurus.
'Its brain cast even showed the detail of the floccular lobes, located at the back of the brain, which are important for balance. Their large size indicate it was bipedal.
'This structure is also associated with the control of balance and eye and neck movements, suggesting Thecodontosaurus was relatively agile and could keep a stable gaze while moving fast.'
Palaeontologists used CT scans to recreate the strawberry sized brain - in 3D. The creature is known as 'the Bristol dinosaur' because of its origins in the city
Thecodontosaurus is related to herbivore descendants Diplodocus and Brontosaurus who walked on all fours, ate plantlife and were enormous
The first Thecodontosaurus was discovered near what is now Bristol Zoo in 1834 - before dinosaurs were recognised as a species.
Another eleven were uncovered in a quarry north of the city in 1975. Its diet has been debated for decades. It was previously believed to be a vegetarian.
Mr Ballell, of the School of Earth Sciences, said: 'Our analysis showed parts of the brain associated with keeping the head stable and eyes and gaze steady during movement were well developed.
'This could also mean Thecodontosaurus could occasionally catch prey, although its tooth morphology suggests plants were the main component of its diet. It's possible it adopted omnivorous habits.'
Thecodontosaurus was around when Earth's landmass was one supercontinent called Pangaea. Before it broke up, Bristol was roughly where Morocco is today.
The UK's rich reptilian past is largely overlooked. It was once a 'dinosaur paradise' that was home to over 100 different types - including three cousins of T Rex.
The majority come from Oxfordshire and the Isle of Wight. Others have also been unearthed in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
Co-author Professor Mike Benton said: 'It is great to see how new technologies are allowing us to find out even more about how this little dinosaur lived more than 200 million years ago.
'We began working on Thecodontosaurus in 1990, and it is the emblem of the Bristol Dinosaur Project, an educational outreach scheme where students go to speak about science in local schools.
'We are very fortunate to have so many well-preserved fossils of such an important dinosaur here in Bristol.
'This has helped us understand many aspects of the biology of Thecodontosaurus, but there are still many questions about this species yet to be explored.'
A brain scan that was performed on a dog-sized dinosaur called Thecodontosaurus that roamed around Britain 205-million-year-old revealed very interesting results. Since the remains were so well preserved, experts from the University of Bristol were able to reconstruct the two-inch-long dinosaur brain in 3D and performed CT scans on it.
Probably the most surprising revelation was that since it was related to herbivores that walked on four legs (such as the Diplodocus and Brontosaurus), it was assumed that the Thecodontosaurus was the same. However, the researchers were able to determine that this species ran quickly on two legs and it occasionally ate meat, in addition to having good eyesight and hearing that made it a great hunter.
Doctoral student and lead author of the study, Antonio Ballell, noted that even though it could catch prey, its tooth morphology indicated that plants were its main food source. This suggests that the Thecodontosaurus could have been an omnivore that ate both plants and meat.
(Not a Thecodontosaurus)
Mr. Ballell went on to explain the scans, “Even though the actual brain is long gone, the software allows us to recreate brain and inner ear shape via the dimensions of the cavities left behind.” “The braincase of Thecodontosaurus is beautifully preserved so we compared it to other dinosaurs, identifying common features and some that are specific to Thecodontosaurus.” “Its brain cast even showed the detail of the floccular lobes, located at the back of the brain, which are important for balance. Their large size indicate[s] it was bipedal.” “This structure is also associated with the control of balance and eye and neck movements, suggesting Thecodontosaurus was relatively agile and could keep a stable gaze while moving fast.”
This is pretty shocking news as the Thecodontosaurus was one of the first sauropods – gigantic herbivores that could grow as long as 110 feet and weigh as much as 100 tons. The Thecodontosaurus, on the other hand, was only about the size of a very large dog, measuring a little over 6 feet in length and 3 feet in height.
Co-author of the study, Professor Mike Benton, weighed in by stating, “It is great to see how new technologies are allowing us to find out even more about how this little dinosaur lived more than 200 million years ago.” (An image of what Thecodontosaurus would have looked like can be seen here.)
Thecodontosaurus was one of the first sauropods.
The first bones belonging to a Thecodontosaurus were found back in 1834 where the Bristol Zoo now sits. Then in 1975, eleven more remains were discovered in a quarry. As a matter of fact, the United Kingdom has been described as a “dinosaur paradise” during ancient times. There were more than 100 different types of dinosaurs living in the UK that included three cousins of the Tyrannosaurus rex.
One of the weirder alien abduction cases happened at a rather unassuming place for such an incident. Back in the 1960s there was a girl’s summer camp along the edge of Lake Champlain, in the U.S. state of Vermont, called Buff Ledge. In its heyday it was a popular place that attracted numerous young people who came to widen their horizons by experiencing nature and engaging in all manner of outdoor activities such as camping, hiking, fishing, boating, water skiing, and horseback riding, among others. On August 7, 1969, two of the camp workers, a 16-year-old maintenance man named Michael Lapp and 19-year-old water ski instructor Janet Cornell, were enjoying a bit of peace and quiet at the boat dock, watching the sun dipping below the horizon. At the time the swimming team staying at the camp had gone off to a meet, and so it was quiet and relaxing until something caught their attention in the sky. And so would begin a very strange alien abduction encounter that has never been adequately explained.
Buff Ledge
They saw a bright light up in the fading light of twilight, which they at first took to be the planet Venus, as it was motionless and perfectly round. Yet as they looked upon this celestial show, the light began to move, and even odder still it began to drop rapidly and sort of flatten out into a disc-like shape. Michael’s first stunned reaction was to blurt out “Wow! Venus is falling!” but it was quite clear at this point that this was not Venus. Whatever it was continued to drop, then levelled out and seemed to head directly towards them, revealing itself to be a saucer shaped metallic object of some sort as it drew closer. As the two looked on, there allegedly would be three smaller lights that detached from the larger object, and these lights would fan out to go shooting out across the lake as the main saucer took off into the night at breathtaking speed. These smaller lights then engaged in a physics defying display of aerial acrobatics, performing flips, loops, zig-zags, sudden stops, hovering, tight turns, and abrupt vertical dips and rises. The two teenagers looked on, almost mesmerized by the bizarre show, yet this sense of wonder would soon turn to fear as the three lights started moving right towards them. Things would only get weirder from there.
As the objects approached, they formed a triangular formation, after which the two in the rear flew off to leave only one remaining, issuing forth a horrible sound like “a thousand tuning forks” as they did. The remaining object then did some aerial maneuvers, shot straight up, and then came down to plunge into the lake, where it remained for some time before emerging once again and hovering right in front of the now terrified teenagers. The object was now very close to them, so close, in fact, that they could see through a transparent dome into the interior of the craft, where there sat two “childlike creatures” with large eyes, oversized bald heads, and long necks. The two teens stared as the creatures stared right back for a few moments, after which a beam shot directly at them, causing them to dive for cover. This light washed over them almost like “a liquid,” and was incredibly bright, creating an odd, X-ray like effect that allowed them to see the bones within their hands. After this, there was blackness.
The next thing they remembered was waking up on the dock. Evening had fallen and the object was now high in the air, looking like a moving star to speed off and vanish. Janet seemed to be in some sort of trance, but he was able to shake her out of it and get her back to camp, where they found that the swim team had long ago returned. The two witnesses decided to just sort of forget about what they had seen, and when the summer camp ended they went their separate ways without mentioning the bizarre incident again. Yet in the following years Michael was plagued by potent, vivid nightmares which he could never really remember the details of, but which would leave him terrified and in a cold sweat. He seemed to remember flashes of the faces of those creatures he had seen at the lake during these dreams, and a connection formed in his mind that caused him to seek out help. He decided to contact the Center for UFO Studies, where he met investigator Walter Webb and began the next chapter of his bizarre odyssey.
Webb decided to try regressive hypnosis on Michael in order to help him dislodge any repressed memories of the event from the depths of his mind. Over several hypnosis sessions Michael would remember more and more of what had transpired, in the process painting a very strange picture, indeed. According to Michael, the beam of light had not merely knocked them out, but had lifted him into the air and into the UFO, which then moved up through the atmosphere above the Earth. Through the dome he saw the chasm of space, in which hung the looming presence of some sort of immense mothership. Once aboard he says he had seen Janet lying next to him, the two of them on examination tables of some sort and flanked by those otherworldly entities. He could now see them up close, and would say of his memory of them, “The aliens all looked alike, child-like, and had those large eyes, a mouth without lips, no ears, and two small openings for a nose.” They apparently had greenish-blue skin, and for fingers they had three wet digits, with which they operated an array of what appeared to be medical equipment. Michael would remember watching on as the aliens scraped Janet’s skin, pulled her hair, pinched her, shone a light into her eyes, and seemed to withdraw blood. During all of this, the aliens supposedly sent a telepathic message that they meant no harm.
The memories dredged up by the hypnosis were so jarring and revelatory that Webb contacted Janet. Although a decade had passed since that fateful night, it would turn out that she had been having similar nightmares, and Webb managed to convince her to undergo hypnosis as well. Janet agreed, and although she was not able to remember quite as many details of the lost time, she nevertheless gave a report amazingly similar to what Michael had given. In the meantime, Webb would go out to Buff Ledge to investigate for himself, finding several witnesses who recalled seeing strange lights in the sky at around the time Michael and Janet had been abducted, further adding corroborating testimony to the case. He even managed to find to other members of the same camp who also claimed to have been abducted earlier that summer. Webb would end up spending 5 years investigating the case, before compiling his findings, as well as transcripts from the hypnosis sessions, into his 1993 book Encounter at Buff Ledge. His final conclusion was that both Michael Lapp and Janet Cornell were telling the truth, or at least truly believed they were.
Although Webb’s book is now out of print, the encounter at Buff Ledge has gone on to be much discussed within ufology. It is a striking case in that these two individuals, who had had no contact for 11 years, had managed to produce two nearly identical stories under hypnosis, as well as the fact that there was so much corroborative testimony. It has been pointed out that this could have been a hoax dreamed up as a prank by these two kids, but they didn’t say anything about the encounter until a decade later when Michael’s persistent nightmares had driven him to seek outside help. Was it a hoax that they retroactively made, merely saying that this all happened back in 1969? If so, why? What would they have to gain from this? It is all a very strange and somewhat frightening case that leaves us wondering. Was any of this real or not? What happened out on that lake? The Buff Ledge encounter has gone on to become one of those odd cases that seems very promising and intriguing, yet ultimately evades true understanding and answers.
“The truth is that I was surprised by that object, and I cannot specify what it is. It seems suspended in the sky, and at a relatively low height.”
If you’re interested in UFO sightings and believe the “truth is out there,” you’ve probably heard or read plenty of testimonies which sound something like that one, along with blurry photos similar to the one accompanying this testimony. It would be easy to write this one off as just another balloon/bug/bird/bad photo except for one thing … this testimony comes from a farmer in the Argentine department of Uruguay – just across the Uruguay River from Uruguay, a country with far more UFO sightings than Argentina, a country whose Air Force has conducted UFO investigations since at least 1989 and issued a report in 2009 stating that it still had “about 40 unsolved cases” out of the estimated 100 per year it receives and reviews. Perhaps the truth is out there around the Uruguay River, where farmer Jorge Burgat had his recent encounter.
“There are no differences in the photos that I took through the windshield, with others without the glass in between.”
Uruguay is a beautiful country — do extraterrestrials feel the same way?
Elonce.com, Radio Mitre and other local media sources reported on the photos taken by Jorge Burgat, a “producer and rural contractor” heading home to Colonia San José del Monte in Entre Ríos in the Uruguay province near the river that separates Argentina and Uruguay. (See the photos here.) Burgat said he took multiple photos from both inside and outside his farm vehicle of the sky to record the weather conditions since he works in many locations. He claims he did not see the object in the sky when taking the photos, only when he reviewed them at home, and defended the quality and condition of his camera and his intent.
Foto:¿Ovni en cielo entrerriano?
“In no way is this captured figure the product of a fault, of dirt, but much less of a trick.”
The local media picked up the photos after he posted them on Facebook, where they were reposted by FM Riel. The comments ranged from UFO to drone to dirt on the lens to plenty of nonsensical suggestions – in other words, no one had any idea what it was. How about the Uruguayan Air Force?
“The Air Force will not publish a “Blue Book” containing the results of these thirty years of investigations, but El País, by decision of the command, agreed to records and testimonies.
Although the Air Force commission that studies the case has been in operation for a few decades, the UFO phenomenon began approximately in 1947 in Uruguay when the worldwide enthusiasm for the sightings rose.
Although it is not Roswell, New Mexico – an emblematic place on the subject of extraterrestrials – Uruguay is a place classified as conducive to sightings of unidentified objects, acknowledged Colonel Ariel Sánchez, an Air Force officer with 33 years of service active and that since 1989 integrates the commission on UFOs and currently chairs it.”
Why are UFOs attracted to farm country?
In 2009, El Pais was allowed to review the cases up until that time in the Air Force files. While the identities of those making the reports were redacted, the details were not, and El Pais describes a wide variety of unidentified objects, cases of alien abduction, missing time, mutilated animals and the like. Again, 40 of the approximately 2,100 specific reports were unable to be explained. When asked to comment, Colonel Ariel Sánchez had this to say:
“The commission was able to determine modifications to the chemical composition of the soil where landings were reported. The phenomenon exists. It can be from a phenomenon that occurs in the lower part of the atmosphere, the landing of an aircraft of a foreign air force, even the extraterrestrial theory. It can be a surveillance probe from space, in the same way that we send a probe to explore distant worlds. The UFO phenomenon exists in the country. I insist: the Air Force does not rule out an extraterrestrial hypothesis based on our scientific analysis.”
As far as this El Pais report is concerned, Uruguay is a UFO hotspot deserving of Air Force investigations. As far as Colonel Sánchez is concerned, “Air Force does not rule out an extraterrestrial hypothesis.” As far as Jorge Burgat is concerned, he photographed something near the Uruguay River that neither he nor anyone else has explained satisfactorily.
Is it time to admit that the truth may be out there over the Uruguay River?
(Note: this story has been updated from a previous version to show that the UFO was spotted in the Uruguay department in Argentina, on the Uruguay River across the border from the country of Uruguay.)
Gigantische storm op Neptunus ontsnapt op het nippertje aan de dood: “Een compleet mysterie"
Een gigantische wervelstorm, zo groot als de Atlantische Oceaan, waart (al twee jaar) rond op Neptunus. Nog straffer; net voordat deze storm de evenaar naderde - waar zulke stormen meestal een onvermijdelijke dood sterven - veranderde hij van koers.
Bron:NASA
Het gebeurt wel vaker dat enorme wervelstormen de ijsplaneet Neptunus teisteren. Vermoedelijk ontstaat er elke vijf jaar een nieuwe storm die na twee jaar een stille dood ‘sterft’. Maar deze storm, die reeds in 2018 werd ontdekt door de ruimtetelescoop Hubble, lijkt bijzonder te zijn. Hij ontstond in het noordelijk halfrond van de planeet en bewoog sindsdien zuidwaarts. Uiteindelijk zou de storm - die eruit ziet als een grote donkere vlek - zo’n twee jaar later bij de evenaar aankomen, waar hij gedoemd is om als sneeuw voor de zon te verdwijnen. Alleen besliste deze storm daar anders over. Zodra hij de evenaar naderde, maakte hij rechtsomkeer en begon hij weer noordwaarts te bewegen, weg van de evenaar, alsook zijn einde.
Even later merkten astronomen ook een tweede donkere vlek op. Wellicht een neefje dat zich heeft afgesplitst van de gigantische storm. “We zijn erg enthousiast over deze waarnemingen”, aldus Michael Wong, onderzoeker aan de University of California in Berkeley. “Dit proces is nog nooit eerder waargenomen. We hebben donkere vlekken zien vervagen en verdwijnen, maar nooit eerder hebben we ze zien afsplitsen, al werd het wel voorspeld door computersimulaties.”
Aan de dood ontsnapt
Hoe kan dat dan? En waarom ‘sterven’ de meeste stormen zodra ze de evenaar naderen? Stormen worden, zowel op aarde als op Neptunus, stabiel gehouden dankzij het corioliseffect. Dit effect zorgt ervoor dat stormen op het noordelijk halfrond van Neptunus met de klok meedraaien en opzij versnellen (vanwege de rotatie van de planeet). Op de aarde doet een lagedrukgebied op het noordelijk halfrond net het omgekeerde. Maar zodra zo’n storm de evenaar nadert, verzwakt het effect waardoor de storm aan snelheid verliest en uiteindelijk uit elkaar valt.
Waarom dat dit keer niet gebeurde, is voorlopig een raadsel. Mogelijk heeft de afsplitsing er iets mee te maken, en zorgde dit ervoor dat de grote storm van richting kon veranderen. “Het blijft een compleet mysterie”, zegt Wong nog. Zo benadrukt hij nog dat het zelfs niet zeker is dat de twee stormen ook maar iets met elkaar te maken hebben.
Allerslechtste weersomstandigheden
De weersomstandigheden op Neptunus zijn behoorlijk slecht, één van de slechtste uit ons zonnestelsel. Zo werden bij voorgaande stormen - de Hubble mocht er in totaal al vier waarnemen sinds 1993 - windsnelheden gemeten van meer dan 1.500 kilometer per uur. Ter vergelijking: op aarde bedraagt de hoogst gemeten windsnelheid bijna 500 kilometer per uur. In België bereikte de hoogst gemeten windstoot een snelheid van 168 kilometer per uur.
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NASA's Frontline Secret Space Programs... Brookings Report Impact
NASA's Frontline Secret Space Programs... Brookings Report Impact
NASA Frontline for Secret Space Programs… Brookings Report Impact
Some theorize that NASA has become a front for the secret space programs, serving to sideline public attention away from antigravity and zero-point energy studies. It seems that they are willing to talk about the things that they are hiding but will never give a straight answer.
This channel is managed by Zohar Entertainment Group UK, Zohar Entertainment Group International Inc, USA and AdRev, USA.
Orb Over SpaceX Rocket Launch, Camera Guy Zooms In, Stops Launch! Dec 8, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Orb Over SpaceX Rocket Launch, Camera Guy Zooms In, Stops Launch! Dec 8, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 8, 2020 Location of sighting: Boca Chica, Texas, USA
Watch this video and its going to blow your mind! This was recorded off live cam for SpaceX launch of the prototype of the rocket that will one day carry settlers to Mars to create a new colony. The camera guy picks up the camera (is on tripod) and begins trying to find the UFO he noticed above the rocket. Soon he finds it and zooms in. For about 3-6 seconds its perfectly focused. I took a screenshot and enlarged it and added focus to for you to see it more clearly. And it looks like this UFO caused the launch to be delayed for a while.
Aliens are highly interested in the latest of human technology...and this rocket has it all. This UFO is 100% aliens and they were seriously checking it out. They probably scanned this thing from head to toe and know very nut, bolt and wire on this whole craft. They probably know more about it now than even Elon Musk himself. Clearly Elon has the support of aliens because they seem to be coming to the SpaceX launches now to do their own observations. They might have even beamed aboard for a few minutes to check out the inside first hand. Aliens...nosey little buggers.
FUTURE MISSIONS TO MARS COULD DEPEND ON NEWLY DISCOVERED WATER ICE RESERVOIRS
FUTURE MISSIONS TO MARS COULD DEPEND ON NEWLY DISCOVERED WATER ICE RESERVOIRS
The discovery helps trace the history of water on the Red Planet.
MARS HOLDS MANY MYSTERIES deep within its dusty world. For decades, scientists have wondered how the Red Planet lost its water and became the dry, desolate land it is today.
As space agencies set their course towards Mars for future exploration, they need to find ways to support astronauts on the planet — not least by providing a stable source of water.
Now, scientists think they have found a reservoir of water ice in Mars' southern hemisphere which could enable these future missions. The discovery not only has implications for human exploration of Mars, but it also helps scientists reconstruct the history of water on the Red Planet.
The discovery is detailed in a study published this week in the journal Icarus.
A view of the sub-region of Nereidum Montes in northwestern Argyre where ice water was found on Mars.NASA/JPL/ASU, MOLA image credit: NASA/JPL/GSFC
The find was made using data from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft, which has been orbiting Mars since the year 2006 and gathering information on the planet's geology and climate, and scoping out potential landing sites for future missions.
The spacecraft's Shallow Radar (SHARAD) instrument detects reflections from Viscous Flow Features, or flow-like structures made up of ice and rock that streak across the middle latitude region of Mars.
After creating a global map of these flow features on Mars, the researchers identified a dense concentration of ice-rich flow features in Nereidum Montes, a geographical feature the northern rim of Argyre basin in Mars' southern hemisphere.
The flow features may be the largest concentration found in an area other than the planet's poles, according to the paper.
"Our radar analysis shows that at least one of these features is about 500 meters thick and nearly 100 percent ice, with a debris covering at most ten meters thick," Daniel Berman, a senior scientist at the Planetary Science Institute and lead author of the new study, said in a statement accompanying the research.
The observations suggest the water ice may have formed relatively recently in Martian history, in the Late Amazonian Epoch. This era began around 3 billion years ago, when Mars experienced lower rates of incoming impacts by asteroids and meteorites, but the water ice may have formed as late as several million years ago.
Scientists have been trying to recreate the history of water on Mars for decades as part of the quest to discover whether the Red Planet may have hosted some form of life during its early history.
Mounting evidence suggests the Red Planet was warm and wet about 4 billion years ago. But over time, Mars' atmosphere was stripped away because the planet lacks a magnetic field like Earth's, resulting in Mars losing its water and making it seemingly inhospitable.
But in more recent years, there have been discoveries of water ice deposits lurking beneath the surface of Mars.
Finding water on Mars is no mere exercise in planetary science. NASA has plans for a human mission to the Red Planet in the 2030s. Water on the Martian surface could serve as a key resource to the upcoming mission — and may even help humans colonize the planet.
The area in which this water ice reservoir was found may be a little tricky for humans to access, however.
"This region would be an interesting landing site due to the large amounts of ice, which could be used as a source for water," Berman said.
"Unfortunately, it is very mountainous terrain and it would likely be very difficult to land there."
Abstract:
Mapping of Viscous Flow Features (VFFs), a general grouping of ice-rich flow features that includes Lobate Debris Aprons (LDA), Concentric Crater Fill (CCF), Lineated Valley Flow (LVF), small lobate flows (i.e., glacier-like flows, or GLFs), and arcuate ridges, in the southern hemisphere of Mars shows a dense concentration in Nereidum Montes, along the northern rim of Argyre basin. Further mapping within a subregion in northwest Nereidum Montes (45.3°–48.5° S, 307°–312° E) shows a large number of well-preserved VFFs and ice-rich mantling deposits. Processed SHARAD data across a VFF within the region indicates that it is composed of nearly pure water ice.
Ancient Text: The Earth was Ruled for 241,000 years by 8 Kings who came from Heaven
Ancient Text: The Earth was Ruled for 241,000 years by 8 Kings who came from Heaven
Discovered over the years by scholars in many regions of ancient Mesopotamia, copies of what is believed to be a unique manuscript, referred to as “Sumerian King List” or “the List of the Sumerian Kings,” detail how in In the distant past, our planet was ruled by eight mysterious kings for a mysterious period of 241,000 years. He even states that these rulers “descended from heaven.”
Discovered over the years by scholars in many regions of ancient Mesopotamia, copies of what is believed to be a unique manuscript, referred to as “Sumerian King List” or “the List of the Sumerian Kings,” detail how in In the distant past, our planet was ruled by eight mysterious kings for a mysterious period of 241,000 years. He even states that these rulers “descended from heaven.”
The List of the Sumerian Kings tells an incredible story that many find hard to believe.
“After the royalty descended from heaven, they went to Eridug. In Eridug, Alulim became king; He ruled for 28800 years. Alaljar ruled for 36,000 years. 2 kings; They ruled for 64,800 years … “
“In 5 cities 8 kings ruled for 241,200 years. Then the flood swept them … “(This is written in the first part of the List of the Sumerian Kings).
But how is it possible that eight kings ruled the Earth for 241,000 years? Experts believe that the answer is simple: the list combines prehistoric and “mythological” dynastic rulers, who enjoyed long and implausible kingdoms with more plausibly historical dynasties.
In other words, scholars are telling us that some things written on the list of Sumerian kings are correct, while others-like relentlessly long reigns-can not be.
In addition, the Sumerian Kings List not only tells us how long these kings ruled on Earth, it specifically also says that these eight kings “descended from heaven,” after which they ruled for a surprisingly long period.
Interestingly, the list details how these eight kings met the end during the Great Flood that swept the Earth. The list also details what happened after the flood, since it clearly says that “other royalty came down from heaven,” and these mysterious kings ruled man once more.
But is the List of the Kings Sumerian a mixture of historically verifiable kings and mythological beings? Or is it possible that scholars have classified some of the rulers as mythological, due to their peculiar characteristics?
For decades people believed that the detailed history in the List of the Sumerian Kings, that is, the kings with incredibly long lives, their disappearance during the Great Flood and their replacement with the new kings that came from heaven, were just another set of stories mythological However, there are many authors and researchers who disagree, suggesting that what is on the List of the Sumerian Kings can not be mythology at all, and point to the fact that scholars today in part recognize some of the Kings detailed in the list.
The fact that the List of the Sumerian Kings mentions eight kings, their names and long kingdoms, as well as their origin – the royalty that came down from heaven – has made many think: “is it possible that what is written on the List of the Sumerian Kings be real historical references? “What would happen if, thousands of years ago, before modern history, our planet was ruled by eight other-world kings who came to Earth from a faraway place in the universe and ruled over Earth for a period of 241,000 years to then return to the heavens?
What if the details found in the Sumerian King list are one hundred percent accurate and that, unlike the mainstream scholars, these intransitable reigns were a possibility, at a time when civilization, society and our planet were very different from what it is today? Do these ancient texts show that the Earth was ruled by ancient astronauts for 241,000 years? Or – as the scholars mention – the List of the Sumerian Kings is only a mixture of historical records and mythology?
It is worth mentioning that in the ancient text there is a ruler who has been archaeologically and historically verified; it is Enmebaragesi de Kish, approximately 2,600 BC
“HUMANS ARE NOT ORIGINALLY FROM PLANET EARTH,” SAYS EXPERT
“HUMANS ARE NOT ORIGINALLY FROM PLANET EARTH,” SAYS EXPERT
Noted US researcher claimed that humans are not originally from Earth , but were brought to this planet by aliens tens of thousands of years ago.
Dr. Ellis Silver points to a series of physiological traits to explain why humans did not evolve along with other lives on Earth, instead we would have an extraterrestrial origin ; as indicated in his published book.
Silver indicates that human beings suffer from back disease and this could be suggested because we evolved in a world with less gravity. It also indicates that our skin is easily affected by the Sun and that we have difficulties giving birth.
It also indicates that while the planet meets the needs of humans for the most part, it may not serve the interests of the species, as well as the aliens who left us here.
In his book, Humans are not from Earth: a scientific evaluation of the evidence , the ecologist writes that the human race has defects that indicate that they are not of this world.
Silver said in a statement to Yahoo:
“Humanity is supposedly the most developed species on the planet, but it is surprisingly inadequate and ill-equipped for Earth’s environment: we are damaged by sunlight, we have a strong dislike for natural foods, ridiculously high rates of chronic disease, and plus”.
Dr. Ellis says that humans could suffer from back pain because they evolved in a world with less gravity.
He also says that it is strange that the heads of babies are so large and make it difficult for women to give birth, which can result in deaths of the mother and baby.
No other native species on this planet has this problem, he says.
He also believes that humans are not designed to be as exposed to the Sun as they cannot bask for more than a week or two, unlike a lizard, and they cannot be exposed to the Sun every day without problems.
Dr Ellis also claims that humans are always sick and this could be because our biological clocks have evolved to wait for a 25-hour day, as sleep researchers prove.
Dr. Ellis said:
“This is not a modern condition. The same factors can be traced to the end of human history on Earth ”.
It suggests that Neanderthals like Homo Erectus were interbred with another species, perhaps originating from Alpha Centauri, which is the closest star system to our solar system, about 4.37 light years from the Sun.
Professor Wainwright from the University of Sheffield plans to do more research and believes that life is constantly pouring in from space.
Dr. Ellis said:
“My thesis proposes that humanity did not evolve from that particular strain of life, but evolved elsewhere and was transported to Earth (as fully evolved Homo sapiens) between 60,000 and 200,000 years ago.”
The 19th century was the period in which astronomers, armed with more and more sophisticated telescopes, began to make astonishing discoveries on the surface of Mars. One of those astronomers was Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli. He was someone who ultimately rose to the position of director of the Brera Astronomical Observatory, which is located in Milan, Italy and that was constructed in 1764; the work having been overseen by astronomer Roger Boscovich. Schiaparelli was enthused to the max by the prospect of learning more and more about Mars. While Schiaparelli was a well-respected astronomer, he was also someone who reached just a little too far when it came to the matter of trying to understand what, exactly, was happening on Mars. Certain light and dark portions of Mars were interpreted by Schiaparelli as oceans and what he even termed as “continents” – terminology that understandably suggested that Mars was not too dissimilar to our Earth. How very wrong he turned out to be. There is also the matter of the canals of Mars that excited the astronomer.
Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli, Public Domain
During the course of his studies of Mars, Schiaparelli’s work led to a most catastrophic blunder; it was a blunder that would never, ever be forgotten. Granted, it wasn’t entirely Schiaparelli’s fault, but he certainly played a significant role in the development of the embarrassing matter. While scrutinizing Mars with his telescopes, Schiaparelli was sure that he could see unusual “channels” on the surface of the planet. He went on to refer to them as “canali.” When the word got out to an excited media, that word – “canali” – was one hundred percent erroneously translated to “canal.” It’s very important to note the time-frame in all of this: this was a particular era in human civilization when canals were rightly seen as vital components of then-modern day society. As an example, in 1869 the 120-miles-long Suez Canal was completed and connected the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It was a major development of engineering. Quite understandably, for many people of that era, then, the idea of canals on Mars near-instantaneously suggested they were the work and the creation of intelligent beings. After all, that we were constructing vast canals at the very same time, added more and more weight to the theory that Martians might be doing precisely likewise. Thus was born the myth of the Martian canals. It was a myth that didn’t go away.
The planet Mars (NASA)
Another astronomer who bought into the canal theory was Percival Lowell. He wasn’t just an astronomer, but a skilled businessman too – something that ensured him a sizeable fortune. Born and bred in Boston, Massachusetts, Lowell was the brains behind the Flagstaff, Arizona-based Lowell Observatory. Nineteen-Ten saw his book, The Evolution of Worlds, published. He had a deep affinity with Japan, having spent a great deal of time there and getting to know the people and their culture. And, yet, for all of his skills as an astronomer, Lowell also bought into the theory that there were canals on Mars – and not just canals made naturally, but canals created by intelligent Martians. Such was Lowell’s ever-growing fascination with Mars, he wrote three books on the planet: 1895’s Mars; Mars and its Canals, which was published in 1906; and Mars as the Abode of Life, which appeared two years later. The further that Lowell delved deep into his theory, so a larger, and far more elaborate, scenario came to the forefront. He personally weaved a novel and admittedly engaging picture that involved the Martians using huge numbers of canals to move massive amounts of water from the polar-regions to Mars’ equator. The whole thing was carefully, and even ingeniously, worked out. Unfortunately for Lowell, he was wrong. As in deadwrong. History, science, and the ever-growing increase in sophisticated telescopes and probes have since made it very clear that there are no intelligently-made canals on Mars. Anywhere. What was once seen as a major development in the quest to find Martians is now nothing but an embarrassing affair that is best forgotten. Forever.
The small mining town of Dalnegorsk, Russia is a rather bleak, stark, and frigid place. Indeed, the name Dalnegorsk literally means “far in the mountains,” and the unforgiving landscape here is fitting for such a name. It is a remote, rugged place of near perpetual cold, just a speck on the map and unknown to most of the outside world. Yet this forgotten place has one claim to fame, as it was once supposedly the site of a UFO that crashed to earth, which would then spawn stories of conspiracies and cover-ups, as well as usher in a whole series of UFO phenomena and strangeness.
In the cold, dark morning hours of January 29, 1986, hundreds of locals had their attention drawn skyward by an unusual sight. Streaking across the sky was seen a glowing reddish ball, travelling in a parallel, controlled manner at a speed of around 120 mph, described as being about the size of “half of the moon’s disc” and with a metallic surface like “hot stainless steel.” The object was obviously no meteor, as it appeared to slow down to a speed of only around 50 mph as it approached Izvestkovaya Mountain, also called “Height 611.” It was thought at first that this was perhaps something from the military base nearby, but whatever it was did not make the slightest sound as it flew over at a height of around 700 feet. As the villagers looked on in astonishment, the object suddenly jerked and dipped sharply, before plummeting to earth behind the trees and hitting the mountain beyond in a ball of flame, producing a blindingly bright flash, yet there was oddly no expected boom of an explosion. For several hours the glow of what looked from a distance like a forest fire could be seen emanating from where the mysterious object had gone down, yet no one dared approach.
Dalnegorsk, Russia
It would not be until a few days later that anyone would arrive at the remote site to actually check it out, when a team from the Academy of Sciences came to investigate the odd reports. They discovered a circular spot in the forest that had obviously been charred, and to their amazement there were numerous shards of metal, mesh fragments, beads, and an anomalous black film over everything. There were some odd magnetic readings at the site, an unidentifiable chemical odor lingering everywhere, and a certain charge to the air like static electricity, yet no abnormal radiation was detected. Some reports say that those who examined the area experienced various health issues such as nose bleeds, headaches, nausea, and blood pressure fluctuations, and inexplicably all photos taken of it would later come out completely blank. Samples of the materials were gathered and things would get stranger still.
Scientists allegedly found that the beads were composed of lead, silicon, gold, nickel, and iron, but when melted down their composition anomalously changed into such elements as titan and molybdenum. The mesh-like material was found to also have many oddities. For one, its structure was bizarre to say the least, made of microscopic twisted fibers of carbonic and metal threads only 17 micron wide, beyond anyone’s capabilities to make at the time. Some of the fragments featured an incredibly high density of gold inconsistent with the surrounding area. The mesh also proved to be well-nigh indestructible, unable to be damaged by soaking in strong acids or solvents, and only able to be cut with the hardest diamond cutting tools. Scientist were apparently dumfounded by all of this, but rather than explain it as aliens it was thought to perhaps be from an American satellite or aircraft displaying some unknown advanced technology, although the United States would later deny having anything to do with it. In later years some of these fragments made their way to the United States, and some would even be displayed. One such exhibit of some of these alleged fragments was shown at the National Atomic Testing Museum in Las Vegas, and the description at the exhibition reads:
Three Soviet academic centers and 11 research institutes analyzed the objects from this UFO crash. The distance between atoms is different from ordinary iron. Radar cannot be reflected from the material. Elements in the material may disappear and new ones appear after heating. One piece disappeared completely in front of four witnesses. The core of the material is composed of a substance with anti-gravitational properties.
In the days after the Dalnegorsk, the area, and in particular Height 611, would allegedly become ground zero for intense waves of UFOs sightings, with dozens of subsequent instances mysterious objects in the sky. On some occasions the objects were reported as hovering over the mountain and illuminating the forest below with beams, as if looking for something, and such reports would carry on all the way into the following year beyond, given by people from all walks of life, including traditionally reliable witnesses such as doctors, policemen, and military personnel. In some instances, people even claimed to have found more of the mysterious fragments in the area, as well as patches of a strange oil-like substance.
Although it is all a rather spectacular tale, the Dalnegorsk incident managed to be sort of brushed under the carpet, hidden away by what was then the Soviet Union, and it was not until years later that outside ufologists would begin uncovering the tale and making its existence known through articles and TV shows such as a notable segment on a 1995 episode of Sightings. Unfortunately, there does not seem to be much remaining in the way of corroborating evidence, and the vast majority of the supposed material from the crash has gone missing over the decades. While it is all very intriguing and seems promising on some levels, with plenty of eyewitnesses and potential physical evidence, we are forced to relegate it to the files of other cases that have been lost to history, with no way of proving them true or not, one way or the other. What happened at that cold, lonely mountain? We may never know.
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Most people who know the name Jan Broberg will probably know her as an accomplished American actress, singer and dancer, who has appeared in over a dozen feature films and numerous TV shows, and she is also a veteran stage actress appearing in countless productions. She has by all appearances had a very successful life, but often such success stories have an undercurrent of tragedy behind the scenes, and Broberg is one of these. Although she is famous for her stage, television, and movie work, she is also known for a darker time of her life, and here we will look at her bizarre and shocking tale of abduction, confinement, blackmail, and other horrors all set to the backdrop of outlandish alien conspiracies spun by a madman.
It began in October of 1974 with a strange and frightening experience. Jan, who was 12 at the time, woke up in a dazed state in an unfamiliar room with no idea where she was. Disoriented and afraid, she was then subjected to a voice coming from a box nearby, which sounded alien sounding and frightening. The strange voice told her that the world was now being controlled by alien forces and that she had been abducted by a UFO. The aliens then told her that they had an important mission for her, that she was the “female companion” and that she was to meet with the “male companion” and procreate with him to have a child. It was explained to her that this child would help save the aliens’ dying planet and the earth itself, and that if she were to refuse then they would come after her family. The bewildered girl believed it all, saying in an article for Vanity Fair, “I thought I’d been taken by a UFO. I was more terrified of that voice and those messages coming from that voice, than probably anything else that happened to me.”
The man she was meant to procreate with happened to be there at the time, and in fact Jan was in his motorhome far from home. She was surprised to see that he was actually a close friend of the family, a man by the name of Robert Berchtold, who was a well-respected and religious man within the community and beyond reproach. He was so close with the Broberg family, in fact, that Jan saw him as almost a second father, but she was now part of his dark plan to brainwash and abuse her. Berchtold had taken her out for a horseback ride near her home in Idaho, after which he had drugged Jan, put her in his motorhome, and driven her thousands of miles away to a remote area of a Mexican desert. Indeed, it was his motorhome that she had awoken within, and the alien conspiracy was his convoluted plan to brainwash her into doing what he wanted. Yet as fantastical as it all seemed, Jan actually believed it all, and truly thought she was being controlled by alien forces and that she had to do what they said at all costs, but it had all been a carefully planned out, if bizarre ploy by Berchtold that he had been brewing and seeding for some time. Jan would later explain:
I thought I had the alien mission to accomplish! I laugh about it now, but as a 12-year-old who had been to a number of science-fiction movies with the Berchtolds… And there were a lot of articles in the newspapers that had UFO sightings on the front page. It was the ’70s! People ask me, how long did it take you to believe you’d been kidnapped by aliens? I’m like, five seconds. Because for two and a half years Berchtold would bring over the newspaper and say, ‘Look, there’s another UFO sighting.’ I literally did anything the aliens told me to do, because they told me my little sister would be taken if I didn’t fulfil the mission of having the child for their dying planet.
In the meantime, there were suspicious things afoot back at the Broberg home, as when they realized that their daughter had been abducted, Berchtold’s wife was insistent that they not call the authorities, which caused a delay in action being taken. They did not contact the FBI for several days, and refused to believe the idea that Berchtold, who was also missing and had been the last one with her, had taken her, as he was such a trusted and close family friend. It would not be until five weeks later that the FBI managed to find Jan and her captor, but this doesn’t seem to have brought any justice. Not only did Berchtold’s lawyers manage to help him worm out of a charge of kidnapping, but there was also the matter that Berchtold had in fact had an affair with Jan’s mother, Mary Anne, and unbelievably had also had inappropriate relations with the father. Considering their religious standing in the community, Berchtold was able to blackmail them into dropping serious charges against him and conning them into signing affadavits that said he had been given permission to take Jan out of town. There was also the fact that Jan was still so convinced that this was all being orchestrated by nefarious alien forces that she was terrified of telling anyone that in fact she had been sexually abused and raped during her long absence. All of this ensured that Berchtold served only a few days in jail for what had happened, and he walked away a free man, but it doesn’t end there.
Jan Broberg and Robert Berchtold
When she was 14 years old, Jan was abducted yet again by Berchtold, and she was still convinced of the alien conspiracy and he still had that ammunition against the parents to prevent him from being seriously charged. Once again he managed to squirm his way out of it, and he continued to abuse her and keep up the inappropriate relationship for years right under everyone’s noses through manipulation and grooming both Jan and her parents. It would not be until years later that she would finally tell her mother what had really happened to her, and that she had been groomed and abused by Berchtold. Jan and her mother would write a memoir of the experience titled Stolen Innocence: The Jan Broberg Story, which would pave the way for the truth coming out.
In later years, Jan finally had the courage to come out with her story, and that was when other victims also came forward to claim that Berchtold had abused them as well, under the same extravagant ruse of aliens and UFO abductions. This all caught up with Berchtold in 2005, decades after Jan’s kidnapping, and he was accused of the rape of Jan and molesting others, but he was once again able to escape being sentenced, this time by killing himself. In the aftermath of all of this, Jan has gone on into her successful entertainment career, and the whole bizarre story has been made into a well-received documentary called Abducted in Plain Sight, directed by Skye Borgman. It is all quite the tragic and bizarre story, to be sure, and just about the only thing good to come out of it is that Jan finally made a name for herself and found her calling. But it is still tragic, and there will forever be that dark pulse in the background that haunts her, and those strange days of abuse, manipulation, and living under the rule of perceived aliens.
Girl was kidnapped TWICE aged 12 and 14 by the SAME MAN and repeatedly raped after he brainwashed her into thinking she was an alien who could only save her family by having sex with him - after he seduced her mother AND her father to get close to her
Girl was kidnapped TWICE aged 12 and 14 by the SAME MAN and repeatedly raped after he brainwashed her into thinking she was an alien who could only save her family by having sex with him - after he seduced her mother AND her father to get close to her
Netflix documentary tells the story of how Jan Broberg was kidnapped twice at the ages of 12 and 14 by Robert 'B' Berchtold, a trusted family friend
Berchtold manipulated her parents to gain their trust as a way of getting closer to their 12-year-old daughter before taking her to Mexico to get married
Two years after the first abduction, he took Jan a second time, hiding her in a Catholic boarding school in Pasadena, California while he eluded authorities
He repeatedly raped Jan under the guise that she was chosen to complete a top secret alien mission to bear Berchtold's child before her 16th birthday or her family would be 'vaporized'; in effect buying her trust and compliance
Berchtold also seduced both parents into separate sexual relationships, driving a wedge in their marriage that almost ended in divorce
Bob Broberg admits that he 'relieved' Berchtold in a 'masturbatory' act; an event that Berchtold used as blackmail during his first criminal kidnapping trial
Jan's sister Karen Broberg revealed to DailyMail.com that her mother didn't know the details of Bob's homosexual encounter until seeing the documentary for the first time
Karen re-tells the traumatic night her sister first told her about the alien conspiracy when they were teenage girls
The Brobergs were a happy family. Bob Broberg owned a thriving flower shop in downtown Pocatello, Idaho, his wife Mary Ann was a church chorister and a busy homemaker raising their three daughters: Jan, Karen and Susan. Their childhood was happy, free, innocent, and stable. ‘We had the type of neighborhood that never locked their doors, they were always open, you could trust everyone in the neighborhood,’ Mary Ann said.
It was that naivety that would come back to haunt the Broberg family.
It was 1974 when their 12-year-old daughter Jan was abducted and sexually abused by a close family friend and she was 14-years-old when she was kidnapped a second time by the same man.
Her abuser, Robert ‘B’ Berchtold, had wheedled his way into her family’s life; spending two years befriending her parents after meeting Mary Ann in church and gaining their trust as a means to get closer to Jan. He learned their weaknesses, exploited their vulnerabilities for blackmail and seduced both Bob and Mary Ann to create a wedge in their marriage.
At the culmination of his horrifying scheme, he repeatedly raped Jan under the guise that she was involved in a top-secret alien mission to save their species by reproducing before her 16th birthday or her sister and father would suffer the consequence of being ‘vaporized.’ The extent of his brainwashing on Jan dug so deeply into her pre-pubescent psyche that she says she went from ‘loving him like a father figure to loving him like a husband.’
The harrowing story is recounted by the Brobergs, an FBI investigator and recordings of Berchtold in the Netflix documentary movie ‘Abducted In Plain Sight,’ directed by Skye Borgman. It follows the family’s traumatic saga from its innocent beginning to the day Berchtold committed suicide 30 years later in 2005.
The Broberg family from Pocatello, Idaho was left completely devastated after years of grooming and manipulation at the hands of a close family friend, Robert 'B' Berchtold. The Netflix documentary, Abducted in Plain Sight details Jan's harrowing story of her kidnappings and years of sexual abuse by the neighbor she trusted 'like a father.' Pictured front left Mary Ann Broberg, Jan (back row, left) Karen (back row, right) Susan (center) and Bob Broberg right
Bob Berchtold, a father of five himself, was instantly infatuated with Jan Broberg when their families first met in 1972 at their Mormon church. He nicknamed Jan, 'dolly' and said, ‘She was a very beautiful little girl and I knew she was the one I was searching for’
Bob Berchtold was a master manipulator, he used charm and charisma to insert himself into the Broberg family and drive a wedge between Bob and Mary Ann. Gaining their trust, he was allowed to sleep in Jan's bedroom four nights a week; eventually kidnapping her twice and carting her off to Mexico for a quick wedding. He repeatedly raped Jan under the guise that she was part of an alien conspiracy to save their species and threatened that her family would be 'vaporized' if she didn't partake
The Brobergs were active members in the Mormon Church where they met Bob Berchtold, a father of five in June of 1972. The two families had a lot in common and became fast, inseparable friends. ‘He had such an effervescent, wonderful personality,’ said Bob Broberg. ‘It just sort of clicked.’ The Berchtolds and Brobergs enjoyed family vacations and holidays together. Jan said: ‘We had some of our best family times when we were with the Berchtold family.’
Bertchtold was instantly infatuated with Jan; he nicknamed her his ‘Dolly;’ and in chilling tape recording that opens the documentary said: ‘She was a very beautiful little girl and I knew she was the one I was searching for.’
His brainwashing on the Broberg family started right away. He preyed on their vulnerabilities and manipulated Bob and Mary Ann into separate sexual relationships. In a tape recording revealed in the film, Berchtold told the FBI in a matter-of-fact manner: ‘I entered into a homosexual relationship with her father in order to have access to Jan. I had a fixation for Jan.’ On camera, Bob admits that he ‘relieved’ Berchtold in ‘an act of masturbation’ during an afternoon outing when the two fathers were alone. ‘I did the worst thing I’ve ever done,’ said a teary-eyed Bob regarding his indiscretion with Berchtold.
In an interview with DailyMail.com, director Skye Borgman reveals that Bob’s admission was a watershed moment in creating the documentary because it wasn’t something he had done publicly before filming. ‘It was incredibly emotional,’ said Borgman. ‘I think he knew what a critical element to the manipulation that was and I think he also had a great sense that it was the final missing puzzle piece and that it could really complete the story.’
While the Broberg family knew something occurred between Bob and Berchtold, it wasn’t until they watched the documentary for the first time that they learned the precise details of what really took place in the early 1970s. It was an incident that would come back to haunt Bob sooner rather than later – and would continue to haunt him until his death in November 2018, according to his middle daughter Karen.
In an interview with DailyMail.com, Karen explained: ‘Once he (Berchtold) had something to hang over their heads, he controlled them. They had a ten minute locker room incident that affected my father for the rest of his life to his dying day.’
Bob and Mary Ann had been married for 13 years when Berchtold; a master manipulator began to make romantic overtures toward Mary Ann. He exploited the faults of their marriage during a time when many relationships struggle to keep things exciting. ‘Berchtold began saying things to me that were very exciting to hear. “Oh you have a beautiful body and those legs!” And I felt this fluttering inside of me…He could give me a great feeling about myself,’ said Mary Ann. Though it wouldn’t be until after Jan came home from her first abduction that their flirtatious exchanges turned into a full-fledged affair.
10-year-old Jan Broberg is sitting next to Bob Berchtold while Mary Ann Broberg smiles for the camera on Christmas Day in 1973. The two families became fast, inseparable friends, 'We had some of our best family times when we were with the Berchtold family,’ said Jan in the documentary
Jan and Berchtold water skiing in 1973. 'I suspected there was something amiss about that outing,' remembers Cor Hofman, a neighbor who also joined Jan and the Berchtolds on this day trip to the lake. 'He had a way of flattering you, doing things for you and then taking advantage of the situation of trust that he put you in'
Watch trailer for chilling documentary 'Abducted in Plain Sight'
It was October 17, 1974 when Jan and Berchtold did not come back from an afternoon of horseback riding. Berchtold slipped Jan a sleeping pill under the guise that it was allergy medication; her next memory was waking up in a motor home with her wrists and ankles shackled. She was introduced to Zeta and Zethra; alien voices dispatched through a small speaker near her makeshift bed. They explained to her that she was chosen to complete an important assignment that would save their galactic species by copulating with Berchtold. Believing that she had truly been abducted by aliens, Jan proceeded with ‘the mission.’
The mission meant that Jan had to bear Berchtold’s child before her 16th birthday. If she failed to do so, Zeta and Zethra would kill her parents, blind Karen and take her youngest sister, Susan, as her replacement. This elaborate ruse propagated by Berchtold secured Jan’s silence and compliance. ‘When you combine being isolated and completely afraid, you can pretty much get someone to do or believe anything,’ said Jan in the documentary. Especially when the person you trusted intrinsically ‘like a second father’ has also positioned himself as the savior.
The Brobergs did not report Jan’s abduction for five days in fear that it might upset Gail, Berchtold’s wife, who was also a close friend. While troubling, nothing led them to believe it was anything nefarious. Bob had well inserted himself into the Broberg family; winning their trust and confidence.
Pete Walsh, lead FBI investigator assigned to the case was struck by their naivety. Prior to Jan’s abduction, the Brobergs allowed Berchtold to sleep in her bed four nights a week over the course of six months. Berchtold convinced them it was part of a therapy program to overcome his own abuse as a child. “It was the 70s, I never even knew what a child molester was so I never saw those red flags. I don’t know how I was so gullible,’ said Bob Broberg.
‘My brother was always a sexual pervert. He always did like little girls, I guess he had a need to fulfill as a pedophile,’ Berchtold’s brother, Joe, tells the documentary.
Jan was just 12-years-old when the abuse began. It was October 17, 1974 when she didn't return home from an afternoon of horseback riding. Jan remembers waking up in a motor home to alien voices dispatched through a speaker near the makeshift bed she was shackled to. They told her she must bear Bob Berchtold's child in order to save their galactic species before her 16th birthday
Berchtold poses with Susan (left), Karen (center) and Jan Broberg (right). ‘My brother was always a sexual pervert. He always did like little girls, I guess he had a need to fulfill as a pedophile,’ said Berchtold’s brother, Joe in the documentary
Bob and Mary Ann smile for the camera. One of Berchtold's more insidious ploys was in seducing the Brobergs into separate romantic affairs. 'I entered into a homosexual relationship with her father in order to have access to Jan,' said Berchtold in an FBI recording. Mary Ann recalls feeling excited and being 'in love' with Berchtold while Bob tearfully admitted to the documentary that he ‘relieved’ Berchtold in ‘an act of masturbation’ - it was something that haunted him till his death in November 2018
The FBI eventually tracked down Berchtold and Jan in Mazatlan, Mexico where the legal age for marriage was 12. They had been missing for five weeks which was more than enough time for Stockholm syndrome to settle in for Berchtold’s child bride. She said: ‘The shift from I love this man like my father to I love him like a husband happened.’ Under his spell, Jan began to withdraw from her family and abided by Berchtold’s strict rules to stay away from all males including her own father.
Berchtold wasn’t going to take any chances going to jail for his abduction of Jan, he had already laid the groundwork for blackmailing Bob with their illicit affair months earlier. ‘He was going around telling people that my dad was a homosexual,’ said Karen. At the time, Mary Ann did not known of Bob and Berchtold’s one-off afternoon fling but she feared their dirty laundry would be aired to their Mormon community. Using this to his advantage, Berchtold coerced the Brobergs into signing affidavits that claimed he had parental consent to take Jan to Mexico – essentially absolving him of all guilt in the crime. ‘They were covering their own hide, not the kid,’ said FBI agent, Walsh in the Netflix documentary.
The documents effectively destroyed the prosecution’s case against Berchtold; he was sentenced to five years in prison but was released after only 45 days. Years later when Mary Ann finally learned exactly what transpired between Bob and Berchtold, Karen Broberg recalled her mother’s response: ‘That’s it? That’s all it was about?!’
Berchtold stayed in communication with Jan after his short stint in prison by passing love letters through her classmates at school. One note read, ‘Hi Darling, I awake this morning thinking of you as usual, and loving you even more than the night you cried when you were in ‘Oliver,’ and you sang ‘Where Is Love’ especially for me…Please, honey, sing it over and over and know that I need your love more now than anything on this earth. Evil forces would like nothing more than to destroy us and ruin everything. I can do no more than love you every minute of my life, the rest is up to you. Be brave and do everything right and don’t give up hope, I never will because though it all there is you. Forever, B.’
Jan responded to Berchtold’s letters in kind and soon enough he was sneaking back into her bedroom late at night. ‘It was always about sex at that point. That was what all those encounters were about for him,’ said Jan. She estimates that Berchtold raped her more than 200 times in a five year period. Mary Ann Broberg recalls her 13-year-old daughter telling her, ‘Mom, I miss him so much, I want to marry him and we want to have children together.’
Berchtold spent years grooming and brainwashing Jan. By the time she was 14-years-old; Jan was convinced that she was in love with him. Mary Ann remembers Jan telling her, ‘Mom, I miss him so much, I want to marry him and we want to have children together'
Berchtold was sentenced to five years on kidnapping charges but was released from prison after only 45 days. He tried to keep a low profile after the first abduction but was persistent in maintaining contact with Jan by passing love letters through her classmates. Jan responded with letters in kind. This one featured in the documentary shows an innocent childlike drawing which is particularly haunting and poignant, it was signed, 'I send lots of love. Your Dolly, Jan'
Jan’s family noticed a dramatic change in her personality after she came home from Mexico but under the threat of Zeta and Zethra; she was reticent to speak about her suffering. Karen remembers her sister disappearing on long bike rides before returning home a different person: ‘She would come home with a stoic face and just wouldn’t be her happy cheerful self.’ Karen noticed that these episodes happened more frequently as it got closer to the second time Jan was abducted by Berchtold and it became clear after the fact, that she was visiting him during these outings.
It was also during this time that Mary Ann’s school-girl crush on Berchtold turned into an extra- marital affair. ‘I would say that I was in love with Berchtold, it was an exciting time for me,’ said Mary Ann. This went on for two years until Jan went missing again on August 10, 1976. Worried that word of Jan’s second disappearance would spread throughout their community; the Brobergs were reluctant to alert authorities and they waited two weeks before calling the cops.
They were convinced that Jan had run away from home on her own. A letter revealed in the documentary that Jan wrote on the night of her disappearance said, ‘Dear Bob and Mary Ann, you won’t let me do what’s right, so I’ll do what’s wrong. I’m leaving without B, and do not plan on coming back until you accept me as me, I cannot accept your religion or your screwed up morals. I just want to be me and have ‘B.’ Please, before all of us are destroyed, let me go.’
Feeding into their theory, Berchtold kept in touch with the Brobergs to feign his concern for Jan’s ‘unknown whereabouts’ and taunt them with misinformation: ‘I just got through talking to Jan. I think Jan’s done some things that she doesn’t want to tell me about. The stealing for a living, the prostitution, the selling dope,’ said Berchtold in a wiretapped phone call with Mary Ann.
Meanwhile, Berchtold had stored Jan away at a catholic boarding school in Los Angles under a false name while he continued to live in a motor home park in Salt Lake City. He would visit her every weekend in California. This set-up allowed Berchtold to elude authorities for three months. Upon raiding his trailer, agents found a shrine dedicated to Jan with giant, blown-up photographs but no sign of the 14-year-old girl.
The weight of Jan's emotional and sexual abuse took a toll on her physical health. Karen Broberg told TheDailyMail.com that it wasn't until years later, when Jan was 17-years-old and began reckoning with her trauma, that she went through puberty
Pictured from left to right, Karen, Susan and Jan Broberg. Jan and Karen were particularly close as they were similar in age, Jan was the oldest and Karen was younger by two years. Karen remembers Jan disappearing for long periods of a time before she was abducted a second time. ‘She would come home a completely different person,' said Karen. It wasn't until years later that she was able to surmise that Jan was going to visit Berchtold during all those outings
Jan Broberg was abducted for a second time on August 10, 1976. She left a note for her parents that led them to believe she ran away from home but in reality Berchtold stored Jan away at a catholic boarding school in Los Angles under a false name while he continued to live in a motorhome park in Salt Lake City. He would visit her every weekend in California. This set-up allowed Berchtold to elude authorities for three months until she was finally found on October 17, 1976
During another phone call with Berchtold during this time, Mary Ann Broberg asked rather prosaically, ‘Do you still want to marry her?’ He responded, ‘There will never be anybody for me but Jan, never. The sound of her voice just puts me into orbit.’
The FBI eventually tracked down Jan Broberg at Flintridge Sacred Heart Academy in Pasadena, California on November 17, 1976. She had been enrolled under a false name: Janis Tobler and was begrudgingly brought back to her parents’ home in Pocatello, Idaho. ‘I was completely gone…that vivacious happy fun child… that was gone.’
Karen remembers: ‘Jan was like a split personality when she came home. Me and her best friend Caroline noticed it a lot. Sometimes Jan was completely Jan and other times, it’s like she flipped into some other personality. She would go for a whole week being Jan and then she would have this hour being very strange and very different.’
The Brobergs’ real troubles started after Jan came home from her second abduction; they were faced with the painful healing process in picking up the broken pieces of their family. It was especially difficult for Jan, who still wholeheartedly believed that aliens were going to abduct her family if she didn’t complete the mission.
Jan and Mary Ann Broberg found therapy in writing a book about their tragedy in 2004. Unfortunately their harrowing journey was all but over as Bob Berchtold began showing up to book-related speaking events to harass Jan; leaving her no recourse but to apply for a stalking injunction and face her abuser in court
‘I knew that I probably needed to tell somebody but I didn’t know how or who or when, I didn’t know what to do,’ said Jan. She carried the weight of this secret up until the summer before her senior year in High School when Karen and her friend Caroline confronted her after discovering a bizarre manifesto referencing Zeta and Zethra in Jan’s bedroom. Karen remembers Jan’s sense of conviction when she declared: ‘I might not be here tomorrow, you just don’t understand! I might just vaporize into nothing.’
‘It was something I won’t ever forget,’ said Karen when recalling that traumatic night to TheDailyMail.com. ‘She had a meltdown, she got on the floor, she started scratching all over her body and shouting ‘I can’t do this!’ She started to hyperventilate and claw at the carpet. At first I thought she was acting but then I realized this was for real. She was losing it and I kept saying ‘you’re scaring us, you’re really scaring us!’
Eventually Jan was able to articulate her harrowing story in the third person: ‘She finally started talking about this little girl— ‘this happened to this little girl’ and ‘that happened to this little girl’ and became clear that she was talking about herself,’ explained Karen.
For his crime, Berchtold was able to avoid prison time on a convincing insanity plea and was only sentenced to six months at a mental hospital. Years later he was jailed for one year on another child molestation charge unrelated to Jan.
It took the Brobergs many years to heal from the devastation inflicted on their family but Karen admits that ‘the forgiveness happened right away.’ They found therapy in making the documentary and co-authoring a book about their experience titled: Stolen Innocence: The Jan Broberg Story. It was only in writing the book, years later did Mary Ann grasp the full extent of Jan’s traumatic ordeal. Karen asked why her mother why didn’t probe Jan sooner and she tearfully recalled Mary Ann’s response, ‘Because it was too painful to admit that I let that happen, it’s just too painful.’
That very reason is why the Brobergs decided to offer their story under risk of public scrutiny and critique. Karen continues: ‘People wonder ‘how could your parents be so blind?’ And then I think about all the millions of children being abused and nobody notices until it’s too late. It’s because it’s too painful to inquire - too painful to really find out. So you don’t push the issue, you just hope it goes away and you don’t ever look.’
Robert Berchtold's mugshot. Berchtold cheated his way out of serving proper prison time on multiple occasions. After Jan's first abduction, he blackmailed the Brobergs into signing affidavits that claimed he had parental consent to take her to Mexico. The second time he got off by spending six months in a mental hospital on a convincing insanity plea. It wasn't until 30 years later when his crimes would finally catch up to him. He was charged with 3 felonies after getting into an altercation with security at one of Jan's speaking events - he committed suicide before he was ever sentenced
Jan grew up and moved to Hollywood to become an actress with prominent roles in Everwood, Iron Man 3 and Maniac. Here she is pictured with actor Joe Mantegna on the set of Criminal Minds in 2014
Karen Broberg has found peace in forgiveness and chosen to not let the trauma define her. She hopes to defend her parents honor in telling this story and shed light on child abuse. In an interview with TheDailyMail.com she said, ' People think we were so naive because of our religion but it was because of our religion that we were able to survive this'
Skye Broberg, director of ‘Abducted in Plain Sight’ echoes the sentiment: ‘That’s one of the things that we always said was very important throughout our entire time making the film, it’s that we wanted to start the conversation and that conversation is very hard to start.’
It’s been a long road to recovery for Jan, who incredibly, has found the capacity to forgive and move forward with her life. ‘The way I came to forgive my parents is by helping them forgive themselves,’ said Jan in the documentary. As an adult, Jan went on to become an actress in Hollywood with notable roles in both film and television. She recently moved to Utah with her son to run a local theater company. ‘Jan continues to amaze and inspire me every day,’ said Borgman. ‘She’s a real trooper.’
After publishing their book in 2004, Jan and Mary Ann began touring the country in hopes they could warn parents about sexual predators. Unfortunately, their nightmare was all but over when Berchtold, well into his 60s at the time, re-emerged to protest their book. Subsequently during one of these events, Berchtold had a confrontation with event security which landed him back in court for three felony charges and two misdemeanours. Just when it seemed like Bob Berchtold’s crimes would finally catch up to him; he committed suicide in 2005.
Jan says: ‘It’s ironic that the one person I would like to most forget about and never pass through my mind ever again is about is probably the person that I think about every day.’
My previous article was on the subject of Project Moon Dust, a U.S. program that – for many UFO researchers – is tied to the matter of crashed Saucers and dead aliens. In that previous article I wrote: “For years – decades, in fact – there have been rumors to the effect that there’s a secret U.S. program to quickly retrieve damaged, malfunctioning and crashed alien spacecraft. Many UFO researchers point their fingers in the direction of a project that goes back to the 1950s. For years, it was titled Project Moon Dust (also spelled Moondust). Today, however, it has a classified title. Mention the operation to a lot of Ufologists and they’ll tell you thatMoon Dust is the key to the secrets of where crashed Saucers and dead aliens are stored away. But, are their thoughts and conclusions correct? Nope. Time and again I have seen UFO researchers say that the available Moon Dust documentation (via the Freedom of Information Act) proves that UFOs have crashed. Actually, in relation to aliens, it doesn’t prove anything at all.”
With that said, now onto how, for decades, the U.K. government has had emergency plans in place to deal with the likes of spacecraft and satellites slamming into the ground – just like Project Moon Dust. In 1979 a U.K. government Home Office document with the title of “Satellite Accidents with Radiation Hazards,” was carefully and quietly prepared in 1979 by the U.K. Government’s Home Office. It was sent to every single Chief Officer of Police, every Chief Fire Officer and every County Council in England and Wales. “Similar circulars are being issued by the Scottish Office and the Northern Ireland Office,” said the author of the paper. An examination of the 1979 file makes it clear that the Home Office’s decision to circulate the document on such a large scale was, ostensibly at least, because of an event that had occurred twelve months previously – as the following extract from the file reveals: “Following the descent of a nuclear-powered satellite in Canada on 24 January 1978, consideration has been given to contingency arrangements for dealing with the possibility of a similar incident in the United Kingdom.”
The Home Office added that the possibility of a nuclear-powered satellite crashing within the U.K. was “remote.” It was, however, careful to add that “the special considerations that affect the use of nuclear materials and the safety standards applied to them make it prudent to devise plans to deal with such an incident.” According to the file, one of the hardest predictions to make was when and where a stricken, nuclear-powered space vehicle, possibly spiraling wildly out of control and at hundreds, or even thousands, of miles-per-hour would impact. On this issue, the author of the document stated: “Although it is likely that knowledge of changes in the orbital pattern which might lead to premature return to Earth would be available many hours or even days before re-entry occurred, it would not be such that a reasonably accurate prediction of the final orbit over the Earth could be made until 12 to 24 hours before impact. Even then forecasts of the precise point of re-entry along this track might still be in error by thousands of kilometers. It is possible accurate warning would not be available till a few minutes before impact and it is possible there might be no warning.”
The document also makes it very clear that the Home Office was well acquainted with the more technical aspects of satellite technology: “Some satellites are designed in such a way that they will disintegrate on re-entry; others are so designed that fairly large components will remain intact on entering Earth’s atmosphere.”And, if a space vehicle were to impact on the U.K. what would be the outcome? The author of the document had a few ideas: “Although the parameters of the orbit of a crashing satellite can be fairly closely defined, debris might fall over an area 2,000 kilometers wide. It would not be possible to alert police forces on a selective basis. In the event of a warning that a satellite might crash in or near the UK, all police forces would be alerted.” In other words, official authorities all across the nation would potentially be put on stand-by to deal with the crash and recovery of exotic, space-based technologies. And that would only be the beginning, as the file demonstrates.
The crash of a nuclear-powered satellite would present problems such as: “There would be a possible radiation hazard; debris from the crashed satellite might be scattered over a very large area, perhaps the greater part of the country; and the individual pieces of debris might be very small, yet each might present a small radiation hazard.” Most significant of all, however, is a section of the document that refers not to when, but if the public should be informed of such a disaster: “A Government decision would then be sought on whether the police should be alerted and whether a public statement should be made. If such actions were to be decided upon, overall responsibility for the measures to deal with an incident would be exercised from a central point in Whitehall, in a manner similar to procedures already established to handle a terrorist incident.”
In many respects, these outlines and plans of the U.K. government mirrored what the United States had been doing as far back as the 1950s with Project Moon Dust.
Chinese maansonde Chang'e-5 maakt zich op voor landing op de aarde
De Chinese maanverkenner Chang'e-5 maakt zich op om morgen/donderdag te landen op onze planeet. Het Chinese ruimtevaartbureau CNSA meldt dat alles voorlopig goed verloopt. Chang’e 5 landde begin deze maand op de maan om er stenen en ander bodemmateriaal te verzamelen. Twee dagen later steeg de sonde, met twee kilo maanstalen aan boord, weer op en begon de verkenner aan de terugreis.
De Chang’e-5, vernoemd naar de godin van de maan in de Chinese mythes, zette daarop met zijn waardevolle lading koers naar het moederschip (“orbiter”) dat op een hoogte van zowat 200 km boven de maan draaide. Er volgde een koppeling, waarna de maanstalen naar de terugkeermodule verhuisden. Daarna ontkoppelden de opstijgmodule en het moederschip.
De “orbiter” en zijn terugkeermodule hebben na de overdacht zondag weer koers naar onze planeet gezet. Sindsdien is het traject twee keer bijgesteld. Op een gegeven ogenblik nemen beide modules afscheid van elkaar, waarna de terugkeermodule met de stalen moet landen in de steppes van Siziwang Banner in Binnen-Mongolië.
Een ‘sample return mission’ heet het hele gebeuren, en het is een complexe operatie. Er moet immers een dubbele missie uitgevoerd worden: een vaartuig moet van de aarde gelanceerd worden, de oversteek van bijna 400.000 kilometer maken, in een baan rond de maan komen, veilig landen en materiaal verzamelen, maar moet daarna ook opnieuw gelanceerd worden, de oversteek terug kunnen maken en ook weer veilig op aarde landen.
Een foto eerder verspreid door het Chinese ruimteagentschap CNSA toont de Chang'e 5 die graaft naar stalen op het maanoppervlak.
Een behouden landing vormt het orgelpunt van de 23-daagse missie die volgens het Chinese staatspersbureau Xinhua de meest gecompliceerde en uitdagende is in de geschiedenis van de Chinese ruimtevaart.
Indien dat lukt, is het voor het eerst sinds 1976 dat monsters van de maan naar onze planeet worden gebracht. Toen haalde de missie Luna 24 van de Sovjet-Unie ongeveer 170 gram stenen op. De twaalf Amerikanen die op de maan hebben rondgelopen, hebben ook allerlei maanrotsen meegenomen naar de aarde.
De stalen verhuizen naar een laboratorium in Peking waar wetenschappers hopen informatie te verwerven over de samenstelling, ouderdom en de geschiedenis van de maan. Het is niet duidelijk of het materiaal alleen aan Chinese onderzoekers wordt verstrekt, of dat het ook wordt gedeeld met mensen uit andere landen.
China wordt de laatste decennia steeds actiever in de ruimtevaart. Het land doet dat voor het grootste deel zelf. In 2003 ging voor het eerst een Chinese ‘taikonaut’ de ruimte in. In 2013 landde voor het eerst een Chinees karretje op de maan. Eerder dit jaar vertrok een onbemande Chinese verkenner naar Mars, waar hij volgend jaar moet aankomen. In de komende jaren wil China ook een eigen ruimtestation bouwen.
De Chang’e-5 plantte alvast tijdens zijn maanmissie snel ook even een Chinese vlag op de maan, ruim vijftig jaar nadat Amerikaanse astronauten daar hun eerste Stars and Stripes neerzetten. Dit als symbool voor de Chinese ambities in de ruimte.
Is er een verband tussen de komende coronavaccinaties en het einde van een wereld zoals wij die kennen in 2046?
Onthullende documentatie van het Amerikaanse Ministerie van Defensie laat zien dat het Amerikaanse leger hier in ieder geval serieus rekening mee houdt.
Er is natuurlijk al heel veel geschreven over de eindtijd waarin wij ons mogelijk bevinden. Niet in de zin dat de wereld zal ophouden te bestaan, maar waar wel sprake zal zijn van een of meerdere heftige gebeurtenissen, waarna de wereld volkomen anders zal zijn dan nu.
Er zijn verschillende theorieën over de manieren waarop dit zou kunnen plaatsvinden. Zo hebben we de mogelijke komst van een onbekende planeet en de voorspelling van remote vieuwers over een mogelijke killshot die het leven op aarde voor een periode onleefbaar zal maken.
En dan hebben we de onderzoeker en auteur Douglas Vogt.
Deze man heeft veel onderzoek gedaan, een aantal boeken geschreven en hij is ervan overtuigd dat we in een multidimensionale realiteit leven. Met andere woorden, er is niet alleen onze dimensie, onze werkelijkheid, er zijn tegelijkertijd andere werkelijkheden, andere dimensies. Dit fenomeen is ook door meerdere wetenschappers onderzocht en als als zeer waarschijnlijk bewezen.
Maar, daar gaat het vandaag niet om. Waar het vandaag wel om gaat is dat Vogt ook onderzoek heeft gedaan naar cyclische processen die op aarde voorkomen en waar de aarde onderdeel van uit maakt. Wat hij ontdekte is dat er een bepaalde cyclus is die precies 12.068 jaar duurt. Ook hieraan hebben anderen gerefereert in onderzoeken maar we beperken ons in dit artikel tot wat Vogt heeft ontdekt en over vertelt.
De cyclus waarin wij ons nu bevinden zal in het jaar 2046 tot een einde komen en zal niet onopgemerkt voorbijgaan. Douglas Vogt spreekt niet van een onbekende planeet die de aarde op korte afstand zal passeren, maar wel dat er sprake zal zijn van een poolomkering, waarbij de rotatie van de aarde stopt en deze in tegenovergestelde richting zal gaan draaien.
Net voordat dit gebeurt zal er een nova plaatsvinden van onze zon. (Een nova (Latijn voor nieuw, meervoud novae of nova's) is een ster die plotseling veel helderder wordt en daarna geleidelijk, over een periode van maanden tot vele jaren, tot haar vroegere helderheid terugkeert).
Deze nova zal ervoor zorgen dat een enorme soort stofwolk het zonnestelsel wordt in geslingerd. Voor onze aarde zal dit tot gevolg hebben dat we te maken krijgen met enorme tsunami’s, aardbevingen en vulkaanuitbarstingen. Enorme hoeveelheden zeewater zullen verdampen in de atmosfeer en een dikke wolk boven land vormen, waardoor een nieuwe ijstijd zal ontstaan.
Uit het onderzoek van Vogt blijkt uit ervaringen uit het verleden dat in de aanloop naar deze gebeurtenis de temperatuur van het zeewater stijgt, net als de hoeveelheid CO2 in de atmosfeer en dat het magnetisch veld rondom de aarde afzwakt. Allemaal fenomen waar we nu al mee te maken hebben.
Dit alles heeft uiteraard niets te maken met een door de mens veroorzaakte opwarming en Vogt stelt dat in ieder geval de Amerikaanse overheid goed wakker is geschrokken in 1957 toen er een extreme hoeveelheid zonnevlekken waar te nemen was op de zon. Het doet ons goed de bevestiging te zien van iets wat wij al vele jaren schrijven en dat is dat de zon het klimaat hier op aarde bepaalt.
In de video hieronder vertelt hij het verhaal over hoe het Amerikaanse leger feitelijk één op één zijn bevindingen en theorie heeft overgenomen en ook daar naar heeft gehandeld. Ze hebben dit onder andere gedaan door het aanleggen van grote ondergrondse complexen in de bergketens langs de Amerikaanse oostkust.
Alleen hebben ze een enorme fout gemaakt met de locaties van die ondergrondse schuilplekken, want doordat de aarde in tegenovergestelde richting gaat draaien zal ook de jetstream van oost naar west gaan stromen. En dit betekent dan weer dat enorme hoeveelheden water van de Atlantische Oceaan zullen verdampen en via de dan veranderde jet stream in de vorm sneeuw op de plek terecht zullen komen waar de ondergrondse schuilplaatsen zich bevinden. Die sneeuwlagen zullen letterlijk kilometers dik zijn en de mensen die in hun ondergrondse verblijfplaatsen zitten zullen daar nooit of te nimmer meer uit kunnen komen. Zij zullen uiteindelijk daar sterven door zuurstofgebrek. Wat hun redding had moeten worden, wordt hun graf. Vogt dringt er ook op aan om deze informatie zo breed mogelijk te verspreiden en dan zeker onder de mensen die nu meewerken aan deze cornahoax omdat ze in de veronderstelling zijn dat ze straks het beloofde veilige plekje in zo'n bunker zullen krijgen. Wie weet zijn ze wakker te krijgen en stopt mede met hun hulp dan deze hele ellende waar de wereld in gevangen zit.
De informatie die Vogt heeft over de plannen van de Amerikaanse overheid betreffende de nova van de zon zijn afkomstig uit een aantal bronnen. Zelf kent hij mensen die nauw betrokken zijn bij instanties zoals de CIA, maar hij heeft ook antwoorden ontvangen op correspondentie die hij zelf heeft gestuurd naar instanties zoals het Pentagon.
In de video laat hij ook zien wat voor soort antwoorden hij kreeg en daaruit zijn een aantal interessante zaken te distilleren.
Zij weten dat ze nog zo’n 26 jaar hebben totdat de aarde zal worden getroffen door een ramp van ongekende proporties. Zij zijn nog steeds in de veronderstelling dat zij en degenen die zij zullen toelaten in de ondergrondse schuilplaatsen volkomen veilig zullen zijn.
Maar, wat ze ook willen, is voor die tijd, eigenlijk ruim voor die tijd, een groot deel van de wereldbevolking opruimen. De reden dat ze dat nu snel willen doen is tweeledig. Hoe kleiner de wereldbevolking des te gemakkelijk zij te beheersen zal zijn in de aanloop richting 2046 en een tweede heel belangrijke reden is dat ze ruimschoots op tijd alle kerncentrales willen sluiten, omdat ze niet willen riskeren dat de hele wereld straks te lijden zal hebben onder een reeks Fukushima-achtige gebeurtenissen als de aardbevingen en tsunami’s in volle kracht zullen losbarsten.
Bij dit alles spelen ook de covid-19 vaccinaties een grote rol en dan met name de RNA vaccins zoals die door Pfizer en Moderna worden geleverd. Zoals we in een eerder artikel hebben gezien noemt Robert F. Kennedy deze vaccins primers. Dat wil zeggen, het is een genetische manipulatie van de mensen die dat vaccin krijgen en een voorbereiding op iets anders dat zal komen.
Vogt zegt dat wanneer er voldoende mensen met dit vaccin zijn “beschermd” ze vervolgens een bepaald virus zullen loslaten dat dodelijk zal blijken te zijn juist voor mensen die een RNA vaccin hebben ontvangen. Als je dan ziet dat ouderen en kwetsbaren, zeg maar wat door Henry Kissinger de nutteloze mee-eters worden genoemd, het eerst aan de beurt zijn, dan kan je uitrekenen wanneer dat tweede virus ongeveer wordt losgelaten. Een andere indicatie kan zijn als ze zeggen dat het RNA vaccin bij bepaalde leeftijdsgroepen beter werkt. Dat is dan double-speak om te zeggen dat deze het eerst aan de beurt zullen zijn om naar de eeuwige jachtvelden te verdwijnen.
Hierna volgt het verhaal van Douglas Vogt over de komende turbulente periode op aarde. Een aanrader om te kijken. Aan het einde van deze video kondigt hij ook aan dat hij in de volgende zal vertellen over wat hij denkt dat de meest veilige plekken op aarde zijn in het licht van bovenstaande.
Steven Greer: The Biggest UFO Secret of All Is About To Come Crashing Down
Steven Greer: The Biggest UFO Secret of All Is About To Come Crashing Down
Dr. Steven Greer reveals startling information about the government briefing on UFOs and the control of information. Secret government programs on UFO technology is now being passed out to defence contractors. Thousands of people have been already briefed on the subject of extraterrestrials and their craft but can never talk about it, but slowly the truths are being leaked to the general public. The biggest global change has to take place.
The time we left fossil fuels behind. This is a huge impact upon humanity but we may have no choice. Are we running out of time? This channel is managed by Zohar Entertainment Group UK, Zohar Entertainment Group International Inc, USA and AdRev, USA.
Bright UFOs filmed over Blessington, Ireland 15-Dec-2020
Bright UFOs filmed over Blessington, Ireland 15-Dec-2020
These huge bright unidentified flying objects or orbs were hovering in the sky above Blessington, Ireland. This was taken on 15th December 2020.
Witness report:
4-5 bright lights observed over mountainous area. Some that just appear, very bright, one observed coming from the sky. All forms light up sky around like an aura. Very odd occurrence as lights were very bright, too bright to be Chinese lanterns and appeared randomly….so definitely not flares. Objects appear to land and appear randomly, then as fast as they appeared. They all disappeared and area plunged into darkness, ruling out fire and/or other flammable objects.
Major Jesse Marcel, head intelligence officer at the Roswell Army Air Field, investigated and recovered some of the debris from the Roswell UFO site in 1947.
A long-hidden diary belonging to a U.S. intelligence officer has rekindled research into the Roswell Incident, the infamous UFO crash in Roswell, New Mexico, that took place more than 70 years ago.
When a mysterious object slammed into the desert near the Roswell Army Air Field (RAAF) in July 1947, Maj. Jesse Marcel, an RAAF intelligence officer, was sent to supervise collection of the debris. A press officer at the RAAF issued a statement on July 8 describing "the crash and recovery of 'a flying disc,'" which many interpreted as evidence of alien contact. But the next day, another army official told reporters that RAAF officers had recovered a weather balloon, not a flying saucer.
Newspaper photos showed Marcel posing with pieces of what appeared to be a shredded high-altitude weather balloon with a radar reflector. But in the decades since, many have speculated about the military's initial "flying disc" report, wondering if the wreckage was perhaps more unusual than the photos implied. Recently, Marcel's family revealed that he had kept a diary from that period that might contain clues about the crash, sparking a new investigation by the History Channel in "Roswell: The First Witness," part of the network's "History's Greatest Mysteries" series.
"The government claimed they had recovered a UFO — they had a press release about it," said Ben Smith, a former CIA operative and the show's lead investigator. "No other government in the world has said 'We have a spacecraft,' and then the next day there's another press release that says, 'Never mind, it was just a weather balloon'," Smith told Live Science.
When military officials initially described the wreckage to the press, they called the object a “flying disc,” fueling speculation about its extraterrestrial origins.
(Image credit: Roswell Daily Record)
Jennifer Naso, a forensic document examiner, inspects Major Marcel's journal with the aid of a video spectral comparator.
(Image credit: Photo by A+E Networks Copyright 2020)
Major Jesse Marcel, head intelligence officer at the Roswell Army Air Field, investigated and recovered some of the debris from the Roswell UFO site in 1947.
(Image credit: Universal History Archive/ Universal Images Group via Getty Images)
The show revisits the Roswell crash site, incorporating aerial surveys and mapping, and using multispectral imaging to detect micro-depressions in the ground that could indicate where debris landed, Smith said.
But the central component of the new inquiry is a diary, which Marcel supposedly kept during the time of the Roswell crash, and which is now in the possession of his grandchildren. Decades after the event, Marcel told an interviewer that he believed the object that crashed in the New Mexico desert had extraterrestrial origins, Time reported in 1997. Analysis of the diary — and translation of its cryptic language — could reveal coded messages that Marcel wrote about the crash at the time that it happened, Smith said.
Interest in UFOs hasn't waned since the Roswell Incident — if anything, recent evidence has amplified it. In 2017 and 2018, U.S. Navy pilots recorded three encounters with fast-moving UFOs (also referred to as UAP, or unidentified aerial phenomena); the Navy officially declassified the videos in April of this year, Live Science previously reported. Also in 2017, a former Pentagon official confirmed the existence of a federal agency that had been secretly investigating UFOs since 2007, and which may still be active today.
But why do the events of Roswell still intrigue people?
"It's the origin story of the UFO, the prospect of a government cover-up for alien contact," Smith said. "Science fiction already existed but things that passed to us through pop culture found their origins in government secrecy surrounding this strange sequence of events in 1947," he said.
"It all starts in Roswell."
Watch the three-part investigative series, "Roswell: The First Witness" on the History Channel, premiering Saturday (Dec. 12) at 9 p.m. ET/8 p.m. CT.
A sculpture of a female figure with horns, carrying two lanterns and hidden in a forested area of High Park does not appear to have been created for any nefarious purpose.
The human-sized figure was spotted in the forest near Colborne Lodge by a member of the Weird Toronto Facebook group. The post in the group drew speculation of its purpose.
Some thought it was beautiful, and others thought it odd.
"Looks like something from Stranger Things," one person wrote.
The statue is in the woods off a small trail near Colborne Lodge.
Others thought it was a Satan-like form and recalled the witches' circle of stones that were once in the park in around the same area.
Another person posted the piece was actually created by a friend.
The person behind the sculpture, who goes by the name MA, told blogTO the piece is a work of guerrilla art.
The statue was built over about three weeks this summer, MA said via email.
Originally intended to be a male figure, the statue was changed to female after it was vandalized.
"An archetypal pagan form with definite female characteristics just seemed to work," MA said. "I guess it's partly an homage to pagan worship of nature, and partly just to be a bit weird and get people talking."
The sculpture is made with natural materials along with a rebar and concrete.
MA decided to create the piece after creating several two-dimensional graffiti pieces were vandalized.
"Basically I was tired of seeing art being defaced for the sake of a cheap laugh, and realized that going 3D was not only more permanent but also visually commands a bit more respect as far as guerrilla art goes," the artist said.
The piece is made from concrete and rebar for structural stability, recycled stone and brick mortared into a wire frame and copper pipe inside for irrigation and water drainage.
Compacted earth fills all the crevices "for grass and plant material to naturally envelop her over time and become part of the piece."
The park was chosen because for its environment.
"High Park is a special place for me, and despite being in the middle of a concrete jungle it is still a fairly quiet and beautiful green space where you can be alone and take things in."
The park has a lot of traffic, but MA intentionally picked a spot that wasn't too near any main trails.
The lanterns were part of the original piece but people have added lights and an offering jar.
"I like the idea of it being in a more or less secluded place and that it might catch the odd person's eye if they should ever veer off the beaten path and go exploring, it adds mystery and it's a conversation piece that way," MA said.
Since the statue has been in place, people have added battery-powered string lights, and an offering jar by her feet, which is fine with the artist.
"Once a piece is out there, to some extent it isn't really yours anymore," MA said. "It becomes public domain, and takes on a life of its own. That's what I want, to inspire through obscurity."
Filer’s Files 51, 2020 President Eisenhower Met Aliens - PART I
Kingston, Idaho cylinder photographed on December 5, 2020.
Filer’s Files 51, 2020 President Eisenhower Met Aliens - PART I
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
In special reports, this week’s files cover: Aliens Are Hiding Among Us after Striking Deal with US Government, President Eisenhower Met Aliens, Aliens May Live on Space Ships, Evidence of Life Inside Meteorites, Aliens May Live on Space Ships, President Harry Truman Realized That UFO’S Were Real, Carbon 60 and The Texas Supreme Court Case
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Maryland, Missouri, Oregon, Washington, and Washington D.C.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Canada, Poland, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.
Special Projects
Aliens Are Hiding Among Us after Striking Deal with US Government
The extraterrestrials struck a deal with the US government to stay hidden and will only reveal themselves when humanity is ready, former Israelis space boss General Haim Eshed claims
A former space boss claims aliens are hiding among us after striking deal with US Government
(Image: Getty Images)
Aliens are hiding among us after striking a deal with the US government, a former Israeli space boss has bizarrely claimed. Professor Haim Eshed, 87, says extraterrestrials have struck a deal with the US to stay silent while they conduct experiments on Earth and will only reveal themselves when mankind is ready.
The retired general, who headed Israel’s Space program for almost 30 years, claims the aliens have a secret base on Mars, the Jewish Press reports.
But according to the general and now professor, the alien race had to intervene to stop Donald Trump from blowing their cover and revealing their secrets.
Professor Haim Eshed, who has a doctorate in aeronautical engineering, says he has “nothing to lose” in sharing the information (Image: Haim Eshed)
The former Israeli space boss suggests the alien visitors come in peace (Image: Getty Images/Collection Mix: Sub) Speaking to Israeli newspaper Yedioth Aharonoth, Prof Eshed said: “The aliens have asked not to announce that they are here. Humanity is not ready yet.” “The UFOs have asked not to publish that they are here. Humanity is not ready yet.”
According to Prof Eshed, Mr. Trump also negotiates with senior extraterrestrials via calls to world leaders such as Kim Jong-un. He added: “Trump was on the verge of revealing, but the aliens in the Galactic Federation are saying ‘wait, let people calm down first’,” he told the Israeli paper.
Aliens had to stop Donald Trump when he seemed to be “on the verge” of revealing their secrets, the former space boss claims. He allegedly gave permission for the Navy to report UFO’s are real. “They don’t want to start mass hysteria. They want to first make us sane and understanding.”
The term ‘Galactic Federation’ has been used in works of science fiction, including the TV phenomenon Doctor Who. Prof Eshed did not say how long the aliens have been hiding in the shadows but claims they have signed a contract with the US “to do experiments here.”
He said the extraterrestrials will not reveal themselves until mankind has evolved and reached a stage where we will “generally understand what space and spaceships are.”
Prof Eshed also claims the alien race have a secret base on Mars. The US Government signed secret agreements with a Galactic Federation in order to do experiments and establish an underground base on Mars for American astronauts and alien representatives.
Prof Eshed holds a bachelor’s degree in electronics engineering, a master’s degree in performance research and a doctorate in aeronautical engineering.
The respected academic suggests that some of the presumed contact took place during Trump’s leadership and referred to an agreement between the US government and the alien race.
He claims the extraterrestrials, who come in peace, wanted to study “the fabric of the universe” by working with American agents. In December 2020, Eshed claimed in an interview with Yediot Aharonot that the United States government had been in contact with extra-terrestrial life for years and had signed secret agreements with a galactic federation in order to do experiments and [10]
He also stated that US president Donald Trump was aware of this and was ‘on the verge’ of informing everyone of their existence, but was stopped by the galactic federation, who wished to prevent mass hysteria.[11
President Eisenhower Met Aliens
Eisenhower had contract with the aliens may have taken place when President Eisenhower was in office as he was extremely interested in UFOs and ETs: there is evidence that he met with ETs secretly, at least three times.
Once at Edwards Air Force Base (AFB) in California and twice at Holloman AFB in New Mexico. Since the Eisenhower meetings, other instances of UFOs landing at or near Holloman AFB have been reported.
1954 Eisenhower ET Meeting at Edwards AFB
President Eisenhower, who had been a five-star Army general, always had a “strong belief in life on other planets.” In February 1954, he was spending several days in Palm Springs on vacation. He disappeared for several hours one Saturday afternoon and even missed a scheduled public dinner. He was not seen again until late the following morning.
The press questioned Ike’s whereabouts, so the White House Press Secretary told them that Ike had chipped a tooth and gone to see a dentist. Even at that time, rumors were that he was visiting ETs at nearby Edwards AFB. The dentist’s story falls apart upon close inspection. Washington Post Staff Writer, Peter Carlson, denies the story of the chipped tooth and calls it a cover-up.
Another little known fact is that Eisenhower had also been a pilot.
Meeting Agenda from Eisenhower Museum Showing his Doodling of Triangle UOs
The Eisenhower Presidential Library has detailed reports of all Eisenhower’s medical and dental records. There is no reference to a broken or chipped tooth or dentist visit related to the Palm Springs visit. The Library also has copies of acknowledgments that were sent to everyone Eisenhower had contact with while in Palm Springs. There were records of people who met the airplane, people who sent flowers, and the minister who gave the sermon at the Sunday service he attended, and others who played minor roles. But there is no proof of a note sent to a dentist. Years later, the dentist’s widow said she had no recollection of ever being told by her husband that he had done dental work on the President.
Corroborating Evidence of the ET Visit
William Cooper, who was on the Naval Intelligence briefing team and had access to classified documents, is a credible witness. His Review of Those Documents revealed that ETs had had contact with Earth. They had warned that the Earth was “on a path of self-destruction” and they wanted to meet to help effectuate a long-lasting peace.
Meeting with Eisenhower
The first meeting with the aliens and President Eisenhower occurred at Edwards AFB in February 1954. Navy Commander Charles L. Suggs reported that his father had attended the meeting between Ike and the ETS. Eisenhower met with two Nordic appearing, blue-eyed ETs. A third one stood near the door as a lookout.
Alleged Meeting at airfield with aliens
The discussions were polite. Eisenhower wanted to effectuate a treaty with the aliens but was unwilling to agree to their demand that we cease testing nuclear weapons. The aliens left with no treaty in place but returned the next year to Holloman AFB in New Mexico, not too far from the famous Roswell alien aircraft crash site, for a subsequent meeting with Eisenhower.
I asked Chief of Staff General Goodpaster about Eisenhower drawing both triangle and disc shaped craft on his meeting agendas? He explained that the President was an artist and doodled with a pencil almost continuously.
Gerald Light’s Letter
There is a corroborating story to the ET meeting with Ike at Edwards AFB. The accuracy of the story is difficult to confirm. A man named Gerald Light wrote a letter in April 1954 claiming to have been an eyewitness to the Edwards AFB meeting between Eisenhower and ETs. Light provided details such as watching Air Force officials studying five aircraft with the permission of their alien owners!
Some question the credibility of Light’s report since he was known to have a love of the occult and claimed to be clairvoyant, but others like Meade Layne, the former director of Borderland Sciences Research Foundation, confirms and believes Light did know first-hand what occurred. Thanks to https://www.gaia.com/article/eisenhower-meets-aliens-holloman-afb
“Victor One” on Saturday, March 16, 1957 at 8:00 AM. President Eisenhower, Vice President Richard Nixon, the Joint Chiefs of Staff–all rush to the Oval Office to meet with the extraterrestrial. When Valiant Thor who was from Venus explains his presence, the men ponder his endless technological possibilities. He warned of the dangers of nuclear war. Also he could provide the secrets of good health a long life.
They contemplate their future strategy either using friendship or force to gain control. Thor’s three year invitation to reside at the Pentagon under VIP status begins.
A designated General in the Joint Chiefs of Staff has plans to climb the military ladder. Thor is his goal. To attain what Thor knows will ensure the United States military supremacy. Thanks to Frank Chili
Aliens May Live on Space Ships
Sam Sherman the president of Independent International Pictures writes, “Where do Aliens come from? When interviewed for my still-unreleased film- “Beyond This Earth”. Astronaut Col. Gordon Cooper spoke about one reported instance where: “Aliens were living on their ships, as they had lost their sun in their own solar system”. A possible hypothesis may be that some ET groups live on large ships or space platforms, as has been reported, not on planetary bodies, and these huge crafts loop in and around our planet. Further they send out smaller scout craft for missions (whatever they may be) to Earth. They may have traveled great distances here over decades or hundreds of years and their huge ships serve as replacement and space-faring planets. Thanks to Sam Sherman.
Interior of Spaceship
Editor’s Notes: With Earth’s population growing so quickly NASA seriously considered developing a city in space. The concept and artist’s drawing is contained in Ernest Jahn’s and Margaret Sachs book “Celestial Passengers UFO’s and Space Travel.” A space colony habitat was designed by NASA Ames Research Center to carry several hundred thousand people. The space habitat would be 16 miles long by four miles wide and have its own atmosphere and clouds. Only 2% of the materials would come from Earth, the remaining 98% would come from the moon. Not only does it yield an abundant supply of substances such as aluminum, concrete, soil, oxygen, and probably water, but lifting the materials off the moon will require twentieth the energy needed to lift them off Earth, because the Moon has such weak gravitational pull. We have to remember that Earth also is a spaceship. On Earth there are dangers in the form of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, and tornadoes. If aliens were living not too far from Earth in space they may have a few minute rides to visit us. The dark eyes often described by abductees may be permanent eyeglasses to protect sensitive eyes from the glare of our powerful sun or the bright light created by their propulsion systems.
It happens there five places in space (L-1 thru L-5) in space known as Lagrangian Libration Points where a space ship can stay with little if any energy needed. L-4 and L-5 are particularly well balanced where the gravitational and centrifugal forces of the Earth and Moon cancel each other out. Any object within one of these roughly spherical areas would remain orbiting around the Earth just as our Moon does. This is roughly a 60 degree angle in front and behind the moon essentially along its orbital path. Astronomers may wish to examine that portion of the sky to see if any small moonlets or space ships are orbiting our Earth.
“Filaments found in the CI1 meteorites have also been detected that exhibit structures consistent with the specialized cells and structures used by cyanobacteria for reproduction.
This merited is for sale at $50,000 so they worth collecting.kio
Brinkley Convinced She Saw A UFO in Crete
Christie Brinkley and her daughter Sailor Cook Alexa Ray Joel performs at the Plaza Hotel in New York City.
Ageless stunner Christie Brinkley is convinced she once saw a Ufo when she was living in Crete.
The model and actress insists she has been a believer there’s life on other planets ever since. Brinkley, the former wife of rocker Billy Joel, recalls seeing four bright lights in the sky as she was shopping one day.
She says, “This is in broad daylight and the lights are very bright. All of a sudden all four of the lights shot over the mountain to the other side of Crete.”Returning to her harbor village, she learned the lights had disappeared beneath the sea. She adds, “There were no reports of any planes or anything like that and it just went under the water and never re-appeared.”
The Catalina Sky Survey consists of nine astronomers using two modest telescopes in Arizona and one in Australia. The team refurbished a long-unused telescope at Mount Lemmon with a 60-inch mirror, NASA provides $1 million per year — peanuts in astronomy circles. As it happens, astronomers at the Catalina telescope in Australia and other sites around the world took pictures of the NEO after Hill discovered it the night of my visit, allowing the Minor Planet Center to calculate its orbit. The results had been posted online: but the asteroid didn’t threaten Earth. Before Ed Beshore joined the survey in 2002, he was skeptical that he’d spot any hazardous asteroids. “Then I realized, my God, the sky is full of these things,” he says. “I have more perspective that yes, this could happen, we might get hit. It would be really satisfying to find an object and then do something about it.”
Don Yeomans runs the lab’s NEO clearinghouse at JPL in Pasadena, which is our planetary-defense headquarters.We don’t let our guard down, even for a day,” Yeomans says. “It’s our job to monitor the inner solar system and make sure none of these objects gets close to the Earth.” The tracking starts at the Minor Planet Center, which archives data from a global network of professional and amateur astronomers. “We inventory the solar system,” says center director Tim Spahr. “If the world wants to know about an asteroid, we have the catalog.”
The JPL team takes orbit data from the Minor Planet Center and refines it, asteroid by asteroid. A computer program called Sentry projects each NEO’s orbit for 100 years. Once an asteroid starts approaching Earth, it will do so again and again. A 900-foot-wide asteroid called Apophis caused a stir in 2004 when JPL calculated there was a 3 percent chance it would slam into Earth in 2029.
Beshore and Hill are part of the Catalina Sky Survey, which has found about 2,500 NEOs in the past decade—including 577 in 2009. The rocks range from the size of tables to mountains. Most will bypass Earth. But NEOs have plowed into our planet countless times before, and will do so again.
In the desert 175 miles north of Tucson, Meteor Crater is the scar where a boxcar-size hunk of iron slammed into Earth 50,000 years ago. The crater is nearly a mile wide and 550 feet deep, edged with layers of warped and shattered rock. The asteroid blew up with the energy of the largest hydrogen bombs ever detonated on Earth, vaporizing the desert and unleashing deadly supersonic winds for many miles.
Hundreds of known NEOs are more than a mile wide. If an asteroid that big struck Earth, firestorms could produce worldwide clouds of soot that would block sunlight and plunge the planet into an “asteroid winter.” That happens every few million years, scientists estimate. Once every 100 million years or so, an even larger asteroid may cause a mass extinction; most scientists believe a six-mile-wide asteroid doomed the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
Astronomers with the Catalina survey find new NEOs almost every night. They start by taking four pictures of the same patch of sky, with ten minutes between each exposure, and compare them on a computer screen. While background stars shine in the same place in each image, NEOs appear as four distinct dots along a straight line. The astronomers are skilled at ruling out man-made satellites, electronic sparks from cosmic rays and other streaking objects that could be mistaken for an NEO. “They look at everything with the human eye,” NASA’s Yeomans says. “They’ve been doing it for so long, and they’re so dedicated.”
Robert Irion has written about comets, black holes, new planets and other astronomical phenomena for Smithsonian.
Mars Square, Writing, Face and Tubes
I finally found the image on Mars that I had tried to transmit to you some time ago.
Note the square object in the center with what appears to be a plume of dust rising from the upper left of the square object. Mining Device? Gary L. Prowant
Possible Martian in cave Norman Bryden writes, “There is little chance of NASA being honest about any data regarding intelligent civilizations on other celestial spheres. They ignore and deny the data and evidence.”Notice face like structure at center of the image with numerous tube like structures. The tube like structures could hold building s and a transportation system. Tubes would be ideal for containing the small amount of atmosphere and water available on MarsMOC narrow-angle image R09-04155
President Harry Truman Realized That UFO’S Were Real.
Retired Army Col. John Alexander, 77-year-old former Green Beret A-Team commander and developer of non-lethal weapons at Los Alamos, N.M., says UFO disclosure has already occurred, and that the ultimate solution to UFOs is more complex than most people think.
JohnAlexander
Disclosure has happened,” Alexander told AOL News. “It starts with former presidents Truman, Carter, Reagan and [the Soviet Union’s] Gorbachev. I’ve got stacks of generals, including Soviet generals, who’ve come out and said UFOs are real. My point is how many times do senior officials need to come forward and say this is real?”
“At one time, before a lot of this information was released, I could see both the classified and the unclassified material. And I will tell you that 98 percent of the information was already in the public domain. The only things that weren’t there was stuff like sources and method, which is protected, but the information about the incident was already out there.”
Alexander quotes President Harry Truman: “I can assure you the flying saucers, given that they exist, are not constructed by any power on Earth.”
Several years ago, a group of ex-military officers came forward to discuss their experiences when UFOs reportedly tampered with American nuclear missile sites. While Alexander acknowledges the events, he suggests why there was no intense intelligence investigation of these incidents.
“They absolutely happened, but when it’s a one-time event, the attitude of investigators is: If it happens again, we’ll get nervous, but since it didn’t happen, put it aside.”It’s sort of an indictment that says, despite overwhelming evidence of interaction with strategic systems, nothing was done. And in my view, it is put, like a number of things, in the too-tough-to-handle bin.” In his new book, “UFOs: Myths, Conspiracies and Realities,” Alexander writes, “UFOs are real!With no prevarication or qualification of terms, there are physical objects of unknown origin that do transit our universe. The evidence that supports those statements is simply over whelming. “The evidence he speaks of includes the hard data of sensor technology that has frequently confirmed the reality of physical craft and the high quality of extremely reliable eyewitnesses who are “neither misreporting facts nor delusional.”
“The problem is, when you discuss UFOs, we are talking everything from little balls of light to hard craft a mile or more across, and everything in between. So what is it?” Alexander asked.”I argue that, not only are we not solving the problems yet, we’re not even asking the right questions, because we approach this wrong. I suspect that consciousness is a piece of the puzzle. We talk about UFOs, saying it’s a technology that’s 1,000 years in advance, but it really isn’t. If you follow the history of these things, usually it is somewhat in advance, but not beyond our comprehension by any stretch of the imagination.
“The conundrum you get into is, yes, they are seen by sensors; however, at other times, they are not seen by sensors that should’ve seen them, and that’s one I can’t answer.”Thanks to the Daily Galaxy. Ken Pfeifer MUFON NJwww.worldufophotos.org
General Ramey
Note: 8th Air Force Commander General Ramey’s wife Latane and their two children still survive and, according to the last information I received, are still living in Denton. Son Kent is a pilot for Delta Air Lines. I talked to Latine one several occasions and she told me her sons did not want her to talk about aliens. She said her husband died unexpectedly at 57, and he had expected to become chief of the Air Force due to their close friendship with President Truman. Apparently they met when the Roswell UFO debris and alien were brought to Brigadier General Ramey’s Headquarters at Fort Worth. I took Elaine Sheppard out to dinner. She was a Colonels wife who had a radio show in Washington and had become a good friend of Latane Ramey and t Col. Blandford wife who was Commanding Officer of the 509th Bomber wing and Roswell AAFB during the Roswell Incident. Elaine told me the three women y had planned to write a book about the Roswell aliens based on what their husband’s ha tool them.
Those officers involved got promoted numerous times. By 1966, Blanchard was a 4-star general, Vice Chief of Staff, and a “sure bet” for the Joint Chiefs General Ramey became a 3 star general and he and his wife became good friends of President Truman because they observed the alien and UFO debris.
Aliens Are Hiding Among Us after Striking Deal with US Government
The extraterrestrials struck a deal with the US government to stay hidden and will only reveal themselves when humanity is ready, former space boss Haim Eshed claims
MUFON Report for November
Monthly Statistical MUFON Report for November 2020 TOTAL: 428 UNITED STATES 322, CANADA 34,UNITED KINGDOM 18, POLAND 13, BRAZIL 7, FRANCE 6, AUSTRALIA 4, SOUTH AFRICA 3, NEW ZEALAND 2, GERMANY 2,INDONESIA 2,BAHAMAS 2
California 34, Texas 32, Florida 28, Arizona 19, New York 16, Ohio 15, North Carolina 14, Illinois 11,Michigan 10,Pennsylvania 9,New Jersey 9,Massachusetts 9,Colorado 8,Minnesota 8,Washington 7,Indiana 6, Missouri 5, Oklahoma 5.
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Filer’s Files 51, 2020 President Eisenhower Met Aliens - PART II
Kingston, Idaho cylinder photographed on December 5, 2020.
Filer’s Files 51, 2020 President Eisenhower Met Aliens - PART II
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
UFO Sightings in the United States
Sightings are from MUFON CMS
California Object
Riverside– June 7, 2019, I awoke the following morning to see that my video doorbell ad recorded this video. I see planes in the distance but nothing this big and bright. You can see there are two very bright objects approaching from opposite directions. The planes never do that and never come that close together. I’ve lived here for years and seen lots of planes both day and night but nothing like this…nothing this big. Also the strangeness of the video getting turned on to capture it while I was sleeping.
Colorado Object
Denver – On December 5, 2020, my boyfriend and I were pulling up to our place, at 2:45 and I saw this object, to the south of us. I went to third floor of our building to get a better view and it continued to gradually move west, changing from solid black to very bright, like it was catching the reflection of the sun. The sun was so bright I couldn’t see my screen to keep it in focus. After I took the video, I saw TWO of the same thing! The other was to the right and higher than the original object. I’m sorry that the video is mostly junk; I’ve just never seen anything like that.
Florida Lights
Riviera Beach – On November 1, 2020, yellowish globe discolored a cloud at 8 pm on November 2020, during a full moon over the ocean. Yellow spot moved up out of cloud and became a larger orange glowing spot. It was about 1 mile away. We were photographing the full moon so I have a photo of it behind the cloud. It started to meander west towards us, picked up speed and appeared as an orange glowing craft but no sharp edges. It had soft glowing edges. In 10 seconds it was right over our balcony. It hovered over us for 3 seconds then took off continuing west at lightning speed.
Idaho Cylinder from Plane
Kingston – On December 5, 2020, I am a commercially rated pilot with ~220 flight hours in small aircraft. I am professionally trained to identify and avoid other aircraft. I was in a commercial airline (A321) going from KCLT to KSEA as a passenger. The flight was AA2274 and the UFO was located 10NM, at 30,000 feet above Enaville, Idaho (The craft appeared to have a small amount of relative motion from West to East, on a heading on 110 degrees moving slowly. It did not display several of the features I frequently see on airliners. Despite being at a nearly 15 degree angle above it, I could not make out any sort of wings or vertical stabilizer. I’d say its most prominent feature was its total lack of easily identifying features.
All aircraft flying above FL180, aka 18,000ft are legally required to be on an Instrument Flight Rules flight plan and receive ATC clearance prior to ascending into the airspace, they also contain an ADS-B system which automatically reports the aircrafts location, heading, speed, tail #, etch
Maryland Disc
Frederick – On July 7, 2014, after my birthday I was at Monocacy Battlefield I took photos of the light posts facing south. Upon uploading the images I spotted what I thought was dust but when I enlarged the image it was not dust and did not look like a bird or a craft. The spot is near the bottom of the photo just above the tree line. The photos I took before and after the one with the “object” show nothing and I was shooting multiple shots to get the best one in natural light
Missouri Light
Weldon Spring— Took this photo on October 30 , 2020, at 11:47pm with a new Samsung note 20 ultra phone. I was just testing camera night vision on the new phone. I checked before taking the photo and there was nothing moving in the sky, thought I was taking pictures of just the moon and stars. When I zoomed in to review the pictures, one of the stars looks more like some type of air craft. Keep in mind, this object was stationary and not moving when photo was taken. I’ve attached 3 photos. One is original with the object circled, then one zoomed in and last one zoomed and enhanced to show a clearer image.
Oregon Orb
Beverton – On December 2, 2020, took these photos at 6:30 AM. I saw the objects on the way to work. I took a photo of it specifically. It definitely did not look like the moon.
Note:The object is not Venus. Venus was visible, but very low on the horizon. The object is too big for a planet. The shape in the photo could be due to “camera movement,” but this is not known. The object seems to be “somewhat” triangular shaped. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/
Washington Lights
Paso— On October 19, 2020, on my way into the house on a sunny day I looked up and saw what I thought was a Mylar balloon that had escaped. As I continued to look at it, I discounted it as a Mylar balloon as it seemed to be much too high and large for a balloon and more triangular or cube shaped. It also appeared solid. It slowly rotated and the sun glinted off one of its surfaces. That happened two or three times as I watched it rotate. It seemed to be gray on some sides but then shiny on the other as it reflected the sunlight. I estimated it to be above 5,000 ft but less than 10,000. It lacked wings, navigation lights, anti-collision lights, or any kind of lights as required by the FAA for flight. It drifted to the NE silently. I do live by PSC and there are several flights a day as well as navy aircraft practicing takeoffs and landings. It was definitely not an aircraft. I hold an FAA aviation maintenance technician certificate and I could not identify this object as any aircraft.
Washington D.C. Objects
D.C. – On December 15, 2020, 2 black objects were hovering in the sky
Worldwide UFO Sightings
Australia Sighting
Townsville—February 6, 2019, this was taken on my smart phone and I’ve decided to finally bring it out. For most of my life I get feelings or a wanting to go outside and look up and while sometimes I will see something there incredible, but a lot of the time I just point the camera at the sky and then look back over the footage. In this video I did not see it with my eyes until I looked back over the footage. It is actually slowed right down using a slow motion app which obviously hindered the quality a bit. The video starts in normal speed then it switches to the part of the craft entering. The feeling I knew that this had come into shot was that of amazement and complete gratitude to have this experience
Canada Lights
Quebec– On October 15, 2020, the lights were both stationary above the block in front of my house … time to take my cell phone and open the patio door they had come up … then one was turned off and after the two on and then off.
Poland d Disc
Warsaw – On July 30, 2020 captured this picture over Poland. The very important fact is that the sky was clear when I looked with the naked eye. At the same time – looking by the camera – I saw many weird objects, different shapes flying next to each other. I am sure something was going on in the sky on this particular day!
UK/England Light
Washington – On November 25, 2020, I observed 3 red glowing craft at different times over a 2 hour period, they were all flying due east, before I had the chance to video these 3 craft’s they all just vanished before my eyes the fourth craft I managed to video for just a few seconds, this craft was just a metallic silver, unfortunately I was unable to zoom in on this craft as it went beyond my line of sight over roof tops, I went to the front of my home to see if I could get more videos, but was unable to find the craft again.
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Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women; God Bless Our Troops, and Georgie, Elizabeth, and Victoria Filer, and Eddie Pedrick. May the Angels be your guide and take you to paradise.
Put another way, a young person in the U.S. is nearly 11 times as likely to die in a swimming pool than in a school shooting. Few public officials would say pools are doing a poor job protecting swimmers, but the statistics suggest that we need “more lifeguards at pools, as opposed to guards at schools,” Fox said
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
CAUTION MOST OF THESE ARE INITIAL REPORTS AND REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION. If you wish to stop receiving these files, please send a message to Majorstar@verizon.net.
Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women Georgie Filer and Eddie Pedrick my grandsons who both drowned. We pray that God will bless those who read these files spiritually.
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Top 10 UFO Sightings in Britain
Top 10 UFO Sightings in Britain
UFOs aren’t just an American phenomenon, you know! For this list, WatchMojo UK counts down the most bizarre, intriguing and unexplained UFO sightings in the UK. Whether it’s strange flying discs, inexplicable flashing lights, or ominous dark shadows… these things have helped to build UFO folklore all around the world, and they’ve all happened on just this one small island!
Legendary Ark Of Noah Was Actually A DNA Lab And The Great Flood Was NOT Natural
Legendary Ark Of Noah Was Actually A DNA Lab And The Great Flood Was NOT Natural
We already know that the story from Noah’s Ark actually did happen in ancient times. If you don’t think so then just look at all of the cities that are submerged underwater as we speak. There are over 250 of them under the Black Sea, and guess what, none of them were originally built by fish.
There are also buildings that were under construction when the flooding happened, as we have observed in the many submerged cities from Peru, Scotland, Malta and Egypt.
But what or who could have caused this flooding?
Amongst some of the most popular iterations lies the Mahabharata. This is a collection of Hindu texts which speaks of ancient civilizations that lived amongst deities and waged war on one another with their flying machines known as the Vimanas.
The Mahabharata texts speak of how these Vimanas could shoot light beams that were akin to nuclear missiles going off, which we have proof of having occurred in real life.
Remember the ancient bunkers that were built thousands of years before the Hiroshima bombing?
God is apparently the one to have caused this flooding to begin with, but what if God was never a deity, to begin with, but an extraterrestrial instead? After all, what is he, other than just a very powerful being that came from the sky and completely dominated us physically and mentally?
Many believe that the Great Flood from Noah’s Ark was actually an experiment by the so-called God. He orchestrated everything, making Noah’s Ark an important DNA Bank or a DNA lab of some sort at the time.
Many believe that it is impossible to store the billions of species on Earth on a simple ark, but we actually managed to recreate this in 2008 on the Arctic Island of Svalbard. We were able to store the seeds of hundreds upon thousands of planets there in case another cataclysmic event takes us down for good.
That’s quite a question! For years – decades, in fact – there have been rumors to the effect that there’s a secret U.S. program to quickly retrieve damaged, malfunctioning and crashed alien spacecraft. Many UFO researchers point their fingers in the direction of a project that goes back to the 1950s. For years, it was titled Project Moon Dust (also spelled Moondust). Today, however, it has a classified title. Mention the operation to a lot of Ufologists and they’ll tell you that Moon Dustis the key to the secrets of where crashed Saucers and dead aliens are stored away. But, are their thoughts and conclusions correct? Nope. Time and again I have seen UFO researchers say that the available Moon Dust documentation (via the Freedom of Information Act) proves that UFOs have crashed. Actually, in relation to aliens, it doesn’t prove anything at all. If you do what I have done – namely, to go through all of the declassified Moon Dust papers (which amounts to thousands of pages) – you’ll see that for the U.S. military, government, and intelligence community, the term “UFO” meant something very different. For most people, if you use the term “UFO” they will assume you are talking about extraterrestrial spacecraft. And that’s totally understandable. A careful and close look at the available files, however, shows that for the Moon Dust teams, “UFO” – on almost every occasion – meant captured Soviet hardware: aircraft, parts of satellites, missiles gone off-course and so on. It did not mean “extraterrestrials.” That doesn’t take away the fact that the history of the program wasn’t fascinating. It certainly was. Now, with that all said, let’s take a look at some of the cases under the Moon Dust microscope.
One now-declassified Moon Dust document states:”On 30 September 1960, a TWX report was sent to the Pacific Air Forces on a sighting of an unidentified object that entered the water near the village of Ctaru. The report originated with the Japanese Ground Self Defense Force (GSDF) headquarters and was relayed to us by the Japanese Air Self Defense Force (JASDF). According to the report, a fiery object fell from the sky and into the sea, making a fountain of water which was described as looking like a ‘geyser.’ Technical intelligence personnel from Tokyo took over the case, but were unable to locate or reclaim the object.” Additional documentation was that the most likely scenario was space debris. Another document says: “On 11 October 1960, a pilot over the beach east of Kisawa observed an orange flash on the horizon. He described the phenomenon as being distinct and looking like a great bubble. The area in which the phenomenon could be observed was along the southern coast of the Soviet Kuril Islands.” And, there’s also this one: On 14 September 1960, a pilot was flying an F-86D between an overcast above and below him when a greenish-white object appeared from the overcast above him. The object fell straight down, and disappeared in the overcast below. The object was described as looking like a green pea. Preliminary investigation could not identify any balloons or other known objects in the area which could have accounted for the sighting.” Eventually it was shown to have been a balloon.
A 1965 document declassified by the CIA, a copy of which is in the Moon Dust files, is titled: “Fragment, Metal, Recovered in the Republic of the Congo, Origin Believed to be an Unidentified Flying Object,.” It provides the following: “The purpose of this report is to present the results of the exploitation of a metallic fragment recovered near the town of [illegible] in the Republic of the Congo. Fragment recovery was the result of a ground-level search which was coordinated after an unidentified flying object exploded and fell to earth in the area. The sighting and recovery took place sometime between 10 and 15 October 1965. Other than a reported east-to-west direction of flight for the UFO, specific observation and recovery details are lacking.” The final outcome was something that had come off an aircraft that had caught fire in the air.” Yet again, we see the use of the word “UFO,” but not in the context of an alien ship.
Then, there is a Department of State telegram of August 1967 from the American Embassy at Khartoum to Washington. It states: “Local press 17 Aug 1967 reported that a satellite, cube shaped, weighing approximately three tons discovered 3 August 50 miles from Kutum. Satellite described as made of soft metal presumably light aluminum in oblong cubes measuring two inches by one inch tightly fastened together and covered by a silky material. Nationality not identified as no inscriptions evident on outer surface. Local authorities in El Fasher have photographs and with difficulty cut samples.” It did indeed amount to parts from a space satellite. But, the recovery was handled by Moon Dust, whose teams used the word “UFO.” Thus, a UFO legend was created. Now, is it possible that the Moon Dust teams really did recover fallen alien technology? Yes, it’s possible – and, certainly, Moon Dust would have been the perfect project to perform such retrievals of UFOs. If only there were some evidence. There isn’t. So, in finality, if you happen to see the term “UFO” in a government report, remember that it doesn’t necessarily mean the references are to “aliens,” extraterrestrials,” “non-humans,” or…well, the list goes on.
PS: In my next article, we’ll see how a near-identical situation took place in the U.K. – and, if needed, still does.
ALERT: COMETS ARE SWARMING OUR SOLAR SYSTEM. MACHHOLZ2 PASSES CLOSER THAN ANY KNOWN COMET TO DATE?
ALERT: COMETS ARE SWARMING OUR SOLAR SYSTEM. MACHHOLZ2 PASSES CLOSER THAN ANY KNOWN COMET TO DATE?
IT’S BEEN A FEW DECADES SINCE TAKING AN ASTRONOMY LECTURE. STILL, I REMEMBER PEOPLE WAITING A YEAR OR EVEN TWO IN ORDER TO CATCH A RARE GLIMPSE OF ANY COMET.HECK EVEN HALLY’S WAS NOTHING BUT A SMUDGE OF SLIGHTLY GLOWING COTTON BALL. WHAT A DISAPPOINTMENT.
SO HOW MANY COMETS ARE VISIBLE TODAY? WELL, I’VE LOST COUNT AS TWO SEPARATE COMETS ARE CURRENTLY VISIBLE ON TWO DIFFERENT SATELLITES.
EVERYOINE KNOWS WHY SO MANY COMETS HAVE STREAMED IN TOWARDS THE SUN. THEY WERE OBVIOUSLY BROUGHT HERE. BY WHAT? AHEM! A LARGE TRANSNEPTONIAN OBJECT MOST LIKELY!
HERE IS A TECHNICAL VIDEO THAT EXPLAINS WHAT WE ARE SEEING. ALSO HERE IS A LIST BELOW THE VIDEO OF ALL THE COMETS WE ARE TRACKING.
IMPACT CONCERNS ARE NOT BEING VOICED REGARDING COMET MACHHOLZ2, HOWEVER, IT IS SET TO PASS CLOSER TO EARTH THAN ANY OTHER COMET IN RECENT HISTORY. ORBITAL DIAGRAMS AND TECHNICAL ARTICLES DO NOT AGREE ON EXACT ORBIT. THAT’S WIERD. FRAGMENTS SHOWERING EARTH ARE QUITE POSSIBLE IN SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE.
NASA HAS MACHHOLZ2 PASSING BEHIND THE EARTH WHILE ESA DIAGRAM HAS IT PASSING IN FRONT OF EARTH. ALL DIAGRAMS SHOW THIS COMET PASSING ALMOST DIRECTLY UNDER OUR SOUTH POLE. PERIHELION DATES FOR EARTH DISAGREE BY A DAY OR TWO, SOME EARLIEST REPORTS HAVE ITS PERIHELION IN JANUARY BUT BY THESE DIAGRAMS THAT IS PHYSICALLY IMPOSSIBLE AS THIS COMET CROSSED VENUS’S ORBIT ABOUT A MONTH AGO. WE WILL BE TRYING TO FIND MACCHOLZ2 IN THE SKY O ER THE NEXT FEW DAYS AND WILL REPORT IF IT IS VISIBLE. THE ONE MAJOR CONCERN ABOUT MACHHOLZ2 IS THAT IT HAS KNOWN FRAGMENTS. CLAIMS THAT IT FRAGMENTED ON PREVIOUS APPROACHES ARE NOT SUBSTANTIATED AS THIS COMET NEVER CAME CLOSER THAN VENUS TO THE SUN.
HERE IS THAT VIDEO AND MOST ORBBITAL ELEMENTS FOR THESE CURRENT COMETS. THE RESEARCHERS HAVE A SCIENCE CHANNEL ON PATREON PLATFORM THAT UPLOAD DAILY UPDATES REGARDING COVID AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
It brightened up to 5.6 mag in early December (Dec. 9, Marco Goiato). Now it is not observable. It will appear in the morning sky again in April. But then it will be fainter than 15 mag.
* C/2020 M3 ( ATLAS )
Now it is very bright as 8.5 mag (Dec. 9, Marco Goiato). In the Northern Hemisphere, it stays observable in excellent condition for a long time. In the Southern Hemisphere, it stays locating extremely low after this.
Now it is 10.0 mag (Dec. 9, Chris Wyatt). It stays observable in the evening low sky while it will be getting fainter gradually, until early January in the Southern Hemisphere, or late February in the Northern Hemisphere.
It brightened very rapidly in early December. Now it is very bright as 13.5 mag (Dec. 7, Michael Jager). In addition, Michael Jager observed two more components of 17.5-18.0 mag. It stays observable for a long time in this apparition.
* 156P/Russell-LINEAR
Brightened rapidly. Now it is very bright as 10.3 mag (Dec. 9, Chris Wyatt). In the Northern Hemisphere, it stays observable in good condition for a long time. In the Southern Hemisphere, it will be extremely low after January.
* 398P/2020 P2 ( Boattini )
First return of a new periodic comet which brightened up to 13 mag in 2009. Now it is bright as 12.8 mag (Dec. 9, Chris Wyatt). It will brighten up to 12 mag and will be observable in excellent condition in winter.
* C/2019 N1 ( ATLAS
It brightened up to 13.5 mag in summer (July 31, Ken-ichi Kadota). It is expected to brighten up to 12 mag from autumn to winter. In the Southern Hemisphere, it will appear in the morning sky in December, then it stays observable in good condition. In the Northern Hemisphere, it will be observable in the extremely low sky only from November to December.
It had been observed as 8-9 mag for a long time in 2020. Now it is not observable. It will appear in the morning sky at 14.5 mag
* C/2019 L3 ( ATLAS )
Now it is 14.2 mag (Nov. 23, Thomas Lehmann). It will brighten up to 11 mag in winter in 2022. In the Northern Hemisphere, it stays observable in good condition for a long time. In the Southern Hemisphere, it is not observable until 2021 November.
Date(TT)
* C/2017 K2 ( PanSTARRS )
Now it is 14.3 mag (Nov. 12, Toshihiko Ikemura, Hirohisa Sato). It is expected to be observable at 5-6 mag for a long time from 2022 to 2023. In the Northern Hemisphere, it is not observable at the high light from 2022 summer to 2023 summer. In the Southern Hemisphere, it is not observable now. But it will be observable in good condition at the high light.
* 11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR
It approached to Earth down to 0.5 a.u. in November, and it brightened very rapidly. Now it is very bright as 14.5 mag (Nov. 21, Michael Jager). It is observable in excellent condition. But it seems to fade out very rapidly after this.
* 246P/NEAT
It stays 13-14 mag from 2020 to 2021. It is not observable until January.
Now it is 14.8 mag (May 14, Toshiyuki Takahashi). It will brighten up to 13 mag in 2021. In the Southern Hemisphere, it becomes too low to observe temporarily from mid October to mid December. In the Northern Hemisphere, it is not observable until July in 2022.
Machholz 2,
set to pass very close to Earth. Only nobody can agree on how close.
There are many unexplained anomalies discovered in Antarctica over the years. This video shows a possible crashed flying saucer as well as other strange objects resembling alien or man-made craft.
2nd Video Of UFO Event Off Florida Coast, Dec 6, 2020, 2 videos, UFO Sighting News.
2nd Video Of UFO Event Off Florida Coast, Dec 6, 2020, 2 videos, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 6, 2020
Location of sighting: Ruskin, Florida, USA
This is the second video of the same event seen from the Florida coast. This line of UFOs were seen during sunset on Dec 5 or 6th of 2020. The UFOs lit up so well that you could see them miles away. Absolutely amazing and great evidence. Many UFO reports are coming in from Florida over the ocean area for the last few years, this only builds upon all the old sightings...which leads me to one conclusion. There is a very large alien base below the ocean floor about 5-7 miles off the coast of Florida. This base has huge UFOs...always looking yellowish orange lights. This is 100% proof that aliens have a base on US territory.
Christopher Columbus on Mars? Statues And Structures On Mars Surface, UFO Sighting News.
Christopher Columbus on Mars? Statues And Structures On Mars Surface, UFO Sighting News.
Date of discovery: Dec 14, 2020
Location of discovery: Mars, Sol 2032
Man I love going through Mars photos, especially ones with such high quality detail as this one has. I found half a dozen face sculptures...most were about 3-4 inches across. One larger one was about 15 inches across, and another was a bust of a person that looked like Christopher Columbus...you know...wearing the round hat, long hair, human face...looks just like him. Also found some structure walls and buildings. Lots of fun guys, why not take a look? Click on the original source above and see if you can find them.
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Orange Orbs Over Wheeling, Illinois On Dec 10, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Orange Orbs Over Wheeling, Illinois On Dec 10, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:Dec 10, 2020 Location of sighting: Wheeling, Illinois, USA
The eyewitness was outside with her family when then noticed some glowing orbs passing overhead. The orbs moved together and were perfectly round. The objects had no wings, sound, propellers or wings. Where they came from and where they were going no-one knows. Absolutely amazing catch. Love this raw footage.
Daytime UFO video: Triangle formation over Portsmouth, UK
Daytime UFO video: Triangle formation over Portsmouth, UK
Filmed in the sky above Portsmouth, United Kingdom on 16th October 2020 at 5:40 pm. What do you think about this footage?
Witness report:
3 bright orb like objects that initially appeared connected as one object but then started moving on their own seemingly independent of one another.
At approximately 17:40 (give or take a couple of minutes) myself and my girlfriend went onto my balcony to have a cigarette. I exited onto the balcony first and turned around to face the door from which my girlfriend was following me. Upon turning around, I immediately noticed 3 bright lights in the sky in a triangle shape up to my left. This was at about a 45-degree angle but was immediately visible from my peripheral vision without having to change my line of sight. My gut reaction was that this was not manmade, it looked like a traditional UFO for all intents and purposes. Before my girlfriend had even exited the door, I shouted at her to grab her phone and my binoculars as there was something strange in the sky. She did as requested and then joined me on the balcony.
The whole sighting lasted approximately 3 minutes from start to finish. For the first 45 seconds or so the lights all appeared to be the same size and shape, something resembling a circle or oval, spaced out in the shape of a traditional isosceles triangle. After about 45 seconds, however, the 3 lights visible started moving independently of one another. It appeared as though they remained connected in some way, as though attached by string, but the 3 lights looked as though they were rotating on their own axes. Once they did start to rotate it appeared as though one or more of these lights was not in fact circular/oval, but more rectangular/cigar shaped, particularly the front light of the triangle as it appeared to me.
For the first 45 seconds or so, before the objects started moving independently of one another it appeared as though the object was either stationary in the sky or moving very slowly towards my position. I would add that this object was directly to the north of my position (likely within a few degrees of true North). Due to the weather and the position I was standing in it was difficult to gauge exactly how high or how far away the object was. However, I would estimate that upon first sighting it was about the same height as a helicopter would fly in the sky. Again, due to its position in the sky I had no reference as to the size of the object(s) so it would be very difficult to estimate its size.
Over the course of the 3 minutes, it moved from my North to almost directly above my head (North to South) at a steady speed whilst the 3 lights were independently rotating and moving around in the sky but remaining close to one another. It was very much light when this sighting occurred, probably about an hour or so before the sun would set. The weather was grey/overcast, and the sky was filled with what I would describe as heavy looking rain clouds (Mammatus clouds). This did however help to make anything in the sky stand out quite prominently.
The object(s) in its original triangular form upon first sight was located below the lowest clouds. Over the course of the 3 minutes or so, as it was gradually moving from my north overhead, it also gradually increased in altitude so that it moved above the cloud cover. I continued to watch it for as long as I could between the clouds before it was no longer visible. Unfortunately, it did not shoot off at the speed of light but gradually disappeared from view. At no point did the object(s) emit any sound.
My girlfriend did attempt to record the object in the sky but was unable to capture anything. I also attempted to use the binoculars to get a better look, but these did not show me anything I couldn’t see with my own eyes. When viewed through the binoculars I could still not make out any solid shape, just 3 bright objects that were somewhere between bright white and a touch of yellow. Likewise, I could not see any solid object that connected these 3 independently rotating lights.
The balcony from which I witnessed this is in Portsmouth, a city of approximately 180,000 people and one of the main ports of the British royal navy. More specifically in Old Portsmouth, directly by the sea (I could throw a cricket ball into the camber from the balcony) and about 2km from the Naval base. I am 30 years old and have lived here for the majority of my life and am very familiar with the various planes and helicopters that fly overhead on a regular basis that are associated with the navy as well as the RLNI. I have also completed a Masters’ degree in US Foreign Policy and Counter Terrorism and became familiar with current drone technology, which I do not believe that this was.
Upon coming back inside myself and my girlfriend tried to work out what we had just seen (ranging from unusual weather phenomenon to shared delusion/hallucination). As previously stated, both of our gut instincts were that this did not originate from this planet, however we were determined to go through every possibility as seeing a UFO isn’t an everyday occurrence (neither of us have ever seen what we would describe to be a UFO before)! After hours of discussion the only logical explanation that she could come up with was that this was 3 drones – I can almost certainly rule this out. The only explanation I could muster was that this was 3 shiny weather balloons somehow tied together reflecting the light of the sun from the other side of the sky, not that myself or anyone else I know has ever seen weather balloons above Portsea Island, nor could I find any indication on the internet that any had been released. We both were, and remain convinced that these objects emitted light through their own sources – the sky was grey, and they were incredibly bright.
If this/these were either drones or weather balloons, I am pretty sure that the navy would have sent up an aircraft to investigate an unauthorised intrusion in what it would consider to be its airspace (for national security purposes). The fact that I have no recollection of any naval aircraft in the sky either before or after the sighting is also interesting. Assuming it wasn’t military related the only logical explanation that I can come up with as to why nothing was sent to investigate it is because it wasn’t seen, via radar or otherwise.
Attached with this is one photo and one video of the object(s). As mentioned, my girlfriend failed to capture any of this on her phone, whilst I was transfixed and more interested in observing it than caring about whether or not anyone would believe me when I told them about it afterwards. The following day, however, my girlfriend mentioned what we had seen to her housemate. I am told that he excitedly ran upstairs to grab his phone and came back down with a big grin on his face, exulting that he too had seen this mysterious thing in the sky. He had been out the previous afternoon/evening with a friend and had witnessed what we had seen, but his friend did manage to record it on his phone (as well as anything can be recorded on a phone!) I promptly requested that the photo and video be forwarded onto me. That being said I can confirm that what appears in the visual documentation is the same thing that me and my girlfriend witnessed, which allowed us to rule out the shared hallucinatory experience! The fact that a friend of a friend saw the same thing suggests to me that other people must have seen it too, although after excessive googling I am yet to find any other reports.
The above account took place two months ago, but I still remember it vividly. A lot of what is included is taken from a document I wrote straight after the event, to ensure that my recollection remained as accurate as possible. In the two months that have passed I still have no explanation as to what it was other than to surmise that it must have come from another planet/galaxy/parallel universe etc. I remain vigilant but am yet to see anything else.
N.B. You will notice that throughout my description I have referred to this phenomenon as being both singular and plural as I do not know whether this was one object or three.
Trying to figure out how to post this… saw this out my window last nite in central Islip
Manchester – 7 December 2020
It was stalybridge, greater Manchester , uk at 12.15 am I have a couple videos and a picture I will send you. If u could find out anything about it I would love to no thanks some my friends say its NASA station but I dont think so myself
18 yellowish lights flying one after another faster than a jet over the flatirons mountain in boulder to a triangle pattern star dissappering as if going through a portal
Pismo Beach, California – December 2020
An incredibly beautiful multi colored rainbow colored ever changing light systems dancing around the object as what looks like an orb farther away. But closer it looks as if its ever changing shape. We see these a lot off the coast but they’re farther away and of course smaller harder to see. This one was very close and very bright but the camera couldn’t capture it for some reason only the naked eye could or through binoculars. If you can zoom in on the video I submitted you can sort of see the changing rainbow light patterns. I zoomed in on the second video just using my iPhone editing so you can see it at two different points of view.
Callands Va – 11-20-20
Not sure what it was
Orlando – 15 November 2020
This was a sighting last night at 6:50 on i4 highway in Orlando
Lake Gaston , North Carolina – 13 November 2020
Seen by a few people over Lake Gaston , North Carolina tonight. Up to 5 lights and someone saw fireballs at sunset. We saw 4 lights, 2 sets running parallel really slow with no other lights. Right at sunset.
Rome, New York – Nov 3 2020 6pm
I live near griffis airforce base, my father was in the airforce in the 416th SSS unit. I have always seen them since I was kid. My house is near the direct path of the old b52 runaway. I see something almost every weekend. Alot drones, small planes, but the base is active, Blackhawks, c130, c17. I was in the 82nd Airborne so I know a plane lights from not.
Kansas, – November 2020
My husband and i were driving though a cornfield here in Kansas, we both saw a half dome, bright red ufo moving slow and it was close enough to make out a white rim on the side, almost like a redbaseball cap with 3/4 of the white rim cut off. after about 2 mins it sped away at light speed into the horizon, we saw it up close and it was about half a mile above the ground and was huge. he believes it was there for us to see intentionally by god. i believe it was a tour bus of sorts showing alien life the fields of earth. whatever it was I hope other people have seen something similar, bc it was unforgettable.
Knoxville IL – 29th October 2020
Hi seen this in west central IL around Knoxville IL on oct 29 2020 around 7:38am I was just heading to work and was getting out of my van and happened to watch this for a few mins it surely wasn’t a plane . So after a few mins I decided to tape it on my phone I watched it until it went over the building and it was out of my sight but I didn’t hear a plane at all and it was lower to the ground than a regular airplane I normally see flying over when I’m at work . Don’t know what to make of it but it was a very clear day .
Ethiopia – September 2020
Hello I am living in Ethiopia I saw an orb of light pass over a farm I was staying at in September of 2020 it flew over my head at about 20 feet above me it was brighter than the sun it was pass 11 o’clock in the morning and was very big round and bright , what was it were did it come from??????
Venus of Willendorf. Credit: Wikimedia/CC BY-SA 3.0
If you’ve ever been to a history museum, you may have seen a Venus figurine. They’re made from soft stones, clay, ivory, or bone, and depict very voluptuous feminine figures. In fact, some features are so exaggerated that anthropologists often questioned whether they even represent pregnant or obese women.
Most Venus figurines were carved some 26,000–21,000 years ago, although some were dated to at least 35,000 years ago. Researchers today interpret them as symbols of beauty and fertility, but the original meaning and purpose of these figurines is not known — they may have even served a ritual purpose, but little is known about them.
A new study looking at ancient famine and ice age variations suggests that the figures were indeed obese, but this represented a type of beauty standard or an ideal at the time.
Unusual art
Obesity is, for the most part, a modern problem — having too much food available is not something many of our ancestors could have bragged about. So what’s the deal with this type of art?
“Some of the earliest art in the world are these mysterious figurines of overweight women from the time of hunter gatherers in Ice Age Europe where you would not expect to see obesity at all,” said Richard Johnson, a professor at the University of Colorado School of Medicine specializing in renal disease and hypertension. “We show that these figurines correlate to times of extreme nutritional stress.”
Some 48,000 years ago, ancient humans in Europe were undergoing a period called the Aurignacian. The Aurignacians, people who lived in that period, had already established themselves as a force in the biological world. They hunted reindeer, horses, and mammoths with the spears and the tools they built. They also fished, and supplemented their diets by foraging for berries, nuts and plants.
But things took a turn for the worse for them. As the Ice Age set in, temperatures plunged and disaster struck. The ice sheets were advancing, it was getting colder and colder, and the ancestral lifestyle couldn’t be supported for most populations. Some moved south, in search of warmer climates. Others took refuge in forests, wreaking havoc on the ecosystem as they hunted and overhunted anything they could find.
It was in this period of generalized hunger that the Venus figurines emerged.
“During this period, humans faced advancing glaciers and falling temperatures that led to nutritional stress, regional extinctions, and a reduction in the population,” the authors note in the study.
Johnson and colleagues suspected this wasn’t a coincidence. They measured the waist-to-hip ratios and waist-to-shoulder-ratios of the figures and noted where the figures had been found. They then compared this map of locations with the map of known glaciers — the points where the temperatures were lowest and food was likely the scarcest.
They found an interesting trend: the closer the figurines were to glaciers, the more likely they were to have over-represented body ratios. In other words, the more people hungered, the more they looked at obesity as a standard.
“We propose they conveyed ideals of body size for young women, and especially those who lived in proximity to glaciers,” said Johnson, who in addition to being a physician has an undergraduate degree in anthropology. “We found that body size proportions were highest when the glaciers were advancing, whereas obesity decreased when the climate warmed and glaciers retreated.”
While this is somewhat speculative, it makes a lot of sense. It’s not uncommon for scarcity of resources to define ideals. An obese woman would have been more likely to deliver a child — although it’s unlikely that too many women were overweight at the time. However, the figurines may have had a spiritual meaning, a charm that would protect women through pregnancy and nursing children.
This idea is also backed by the fact that the figurines were worn down, suggesting that they were kept for many years, and possibly passed down through generations.
“The figurines emerged as an ideological tool to help improve fertility and survival of the mother and newborns,” Johnson said. “The aesthetics of art thus had a significant function in emphasizing health and survival to accommodate increasingly austere climatic conditions.”
The study has some limitations. The number of figurines was small to begin with, and the researchers didn’t have access to the actual sculptures — they had to rely on photographs for measurements (which means they couldn’t use measures like circumference). Researchers also note that the shift to leaner figurines could also mark a stylistic change rather than one relating to hunger.
There’s always some uncertainty when dealing with this type of study, but interdisciplinary methods, such as the ones deployed here, can help us better understand these ancient populations. In many ways, modern archaeology isn’t about finding new things — it’s about interpreting and putting them into context.
On Monday, NASA scientists announced they had detected molecular water on the Moon, trapped in ice across the lunar surface. From the data, they estimate there is some 40,000 square kilometers (more than 24,000 miles) of water on the Moon.
That much water has big implications for the ambitions to create a sustained human presence on the Moon. So can we actually drink it?
Short answer: Yes, we can, explains Shuai Li, an assistant researcher at the University of Hawaii’s Institute of Geophysics and Planetology. At least, in theory we can.
“It is water ice, the same as the water ice on Earth,” Li tells Inverse.
John Priscu, a professor at Montana University who studies the biochemistry of icy environments, agrees.
"Bottom line, if treated properly, it should be potable," he tells Inverse.
But the water on the Moon isn’t ready for astronaut's making cocktails yet.
First, scientists have to know more about what else may be swirling within that water.
WHAT’S IN THE MOON WATER?
Water on Earth isn’t always pure. Seawater, for instance, contains about 96.5 percent water, 2.5 percent salts, and then small amounts of organic material, and other unwelcome additions like microplastics, or atmospheric gasses.
Likewise, Moon water probably isn’t pure. Li says it is probably mixed with lunar regolith — a layer of loose debris ranging from 5 meters to 10 meters deep depending on where you are on the Moon. NASA describes the lunar regolith as a “fine gray soil” made of rock fragments from the Moon itself. It also contains remnants from the bombardment of tiny meteoroids, and clumps of material formed when those meteorites melt down sections of the existing regolith.
An astronaut footprint in the lunar regolith. NASA
It’s likely that this “fine gray soil” ends up in the Moon water, but it’s not clear exactly what other compounds might be in there, Li adds. He says it probably depends on what region of the Moon the water comes from.
Water pulled from the illuminated regions of the Moon (not the poles, but the pale, visible regions) may be “dominated” by anorthosite, a white, calcium-rich rock. Scientists propose that anorthosite rocks are some of the oldest on the Moon, and were created when rock-forming minerals floated to the top of a magma ocean that once engulfed the Moon about 4.5 billion years ago.
Water present in larger craters may also be exposed to basaltic materials, Li says. These are found at the bottoms of craters formed by large meteor impacts, which would have melted the rock in those areas. About 29 percent of the near side of the Moon contains basalt, but it’s only found on about 2 percent of the far side of the Moon.
If remnants of the Moon’s past and other deposits from foreign meteoroids are present in the Moon water, it may not taste great right now. (But we don’t know for sure, Li notes.)
Priscu adds the Moon water could be a bit salty if drawn from regions where the process of sublimation has allowed salts to become concentrated. Sublimation is the process by which a solid becomes a gas without passing through the liquid phase.
BUT IF WE PURIFIED IT, IT WOULD LIKELY TASTE FRESH.
“If you can separate water from all other compounds, it will be pure water and has no taste,” Li says.
The near side of the moon is covered in large craters, which could change the additional components of moon-water found there. Encyclopaedia Britannica / Getty Images
CAN WE GET ENOUGH OF THE WATER TO DRINK IT?
µLi was not involved in the NASA research published yesterday, but he has studied water on the Moon for years. In 2018, he published a paper in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences providing what was described as “definitive evidence” that the Moon had ice deposits on its northern and southern poles.
The poles could serve as a large water source, Li says. We need to know the thickness of the ice deposits to be sure, but Li estimates that there are “tens to hundreds of million tons of water at each pole.”
The Sun never shines on the Moon's poles, and temperatures there can dip to -250 degrees Fahrenheit. These are extreme environments and not very easily accessible.
The new papers reveal that the water sources on the Moon may not just be confined to frigid poles. Rather, the water appears scattered throughout the lunar surface in billions of tiny “cold traps,” according to one of the papers released Monday.
One cubic meter of lunar soil likely has enough water to fill a 12-ounce water bottle, Casey Honniball, a postdoctoral researcher at NASA, said at a press conference on Monday.
If we can mine it and purify it, it is quite possible that bottles of Moon water will one day quench the thirst of lunar inhabitants.
Google Earth frenzy as '60ft man-made disc' exposed by melting Antarctic ice
Google Earth frenzy as '60ft man-made disc' exposed by melting Antarctic ice
The conspiracy theorist who made the so-called discovery is convinced the object is "intelligently designed". But viewers on YouTube had some rather more plausible explanations
A Google Earth conspiracy theorist is convinced he has found a man-made flying saucer emerging from the melting ice in Antarctica.
YouTuber MrMBB333 made the apparent discovery after being sent the coordinates by a follower last week.
In a video posted to his channel, he zooms in on what seems to be a circular shape partially obscured by rocks.
“This appears to be a 60ft-wide disc sticking out of the ground apparently being recently revealed by the melting snow and ice,” he said.
“There is the object, it looks like it was intelligently designed.
“Half of it is under the ground the other half is on top of frozen snow and ice – you can tell this area started to thaw out.
The strange shape emerging from the snow(Image: GOOGLE EARTH/MRMBB333)
“It is revealing this intelligently designed structure. That is not some random iceberg, that is a semi-circle.”
In his 9-minute-long video, the uploader edited the Google Earth images into negative format which he claimed also showed an “elevated circle” at the top of the structure.
He also suggested there was residue on the snow and ice emanating from the object.
The video has been seen a whopping 170,000 times since being shared on October 9, sparking a wave of suggestions from viewers in the comments section.
The uploader edited the discovery into negative format and claimed to see some residue coming from the object(Image: YOUTUBE/MRMBB333)
“It doesn't look stuck in the ground, it looks like it's hovering,” one bizarrely claimed.
“The black area under it looks like a shadow and if you look to your left, you will see a light source which looks like it's coming from inside of a cave or tunnel. This is a very interesting find.”
Another wrote: “Absolutely artificial. Someone said that, as the ice melted in Antarctica, we would begin to see ships reveal themselves and the government would have a very hard time explaining them away.”
A third agreed, saying: “That's 100% something else. That's way too obvious no denying that at all.”
But many others found more plausible explanations for the strange find.
One sceptic suggested it was simply a “small pool of water”. Someone else said: “It is just a small pool of water. If you look around at the other features locally you will notice that the other bodies of water also have a similar hue.”
OF ALL CHINA'S LUNAR launches thus far, the Moon lander Chang'e4 perhaps deserves the accolade of the most illuminating mission.
Launched in December 2018, Chang'e4 was China's fourth Moon mission and the first destined for the far side of the Moon — the side facing away from Earth. It landed in January 2019, and made the first direct measurements of the dark side of the Moon ever. This year, the data were released to the world, gifting the scientific community with a treasure trove unlike any they had ever seen. Amongst the gems: clues to the impact history of our natural satellite and the early Solar System.
China’s Chang’e 4 landed on January 3, 2019. It was a landmark moment for space exploration. The reason why it is so difficult to send anything — robot or man — to the far side of the Moon is because it is difficult to maintain communications with ground control on Earth with a giant rock (the Moon!) in the way.
The data collected by the Chinese lander provided scientists with an unprecedented view of the Moon’s far side, confirming for the first time lunar regolith exists on both sides of the Moon.
Chang'e4's observations were published in the journal Science Advances in February 2020.
This diagram shows the different layers of lunar regolith on the far side of the Moon.Li et al., Sci. Adv. 2020
By probing deep into the Moon's rugged terrain, the lander revealed the first high-resolution imaging of the Moon's subsurface, allowing scientists to analyze its composition layer by layer. According to the new data, the far side of the Moon is covered by a layer of loose deposits known as lunar regolith that run up to 12 meters thick.
The data also allowed scientists to reconstruct the history of impact craters on the far side of the Moon for the first time.
After the initial layer of regolite, the researchers discovered blocks of harder material mixed with finer material. These are identified as ejecta deposits. Ejecta deposits surround a lunar crater, and are believed to be the material ejected from the impact that created the crater.
Understanding how these deposits form helps scientists gather the history of impacts on the Moon that occurred during the early formation years of the Solar System.
The far side of the Moon may also serve as the prime destination for future lunar missions as scientists suspect the area contains water ice, which could be used as a resource for astronauts on the Moon.
China's Chang'e 5 orbiter is heading home on the final leg of its mission to collect fresh lunar samples from the moon.
The orbiter began firing four 150-Newton engines at 8:51 p.m. EST Saturday (Dec. 12) (0151 GMT, 9:51 am Beijing time Dec. 13) when 143 miles (230 kilometers) above the moon. The engines stopped burning 22 minutes later after setting the spacecraft on a course for Earth.
The mission now enters the final stretch of its 23-day quest to deliver the first lunar samples to Earth since 1976. Scientists hope the material will bring insights into mysteries about the history of our nearest celestial neighbor.
At 10:13 p.m. EST Sunday (Dec. 13) (0313 GMT, 11:13 a.m. Beijing time Dec. 14) the spacecraft performed a trajectory correction maneuver — another burn of small engines to finetune its path home.
Chang'e 5 is expected to reach Earth around Wednesday (Dec. 16) and deliver its precious cargo of lunar material collected from the moon's Oceanus Procellarum, or "Ocean of Storms." Scientists want to analyze the samples in labs on Earth to confirm theories that this area of the moon is made of rock much younger than other regions.
A container carrying around 4.4 lb. (2 kilograms) of lunar samples sits inside a reentry capsule attached to the orbiter. Closer to Earth, the reentry capsule will separate from the orbiter and attempt entry into the atmosphere.
The Chang'e 5 reentry capsule will first 'skip' off the atmosphere once to help it slow down, because a journey back from the moon involves far greater speeds than returning from low Earth orbit. After reentry, parachutes will slow the capsule's descent to the ground within an area of Inner Mongolia where China's astronauts also touch down after visits to space.
Representation of the Chang'e 5 orbiter changing trajectory to head back to Earth. (Image credit: CNSA)
The complex and daring mission began on Nov. 23, when a Long March 5 rocket launched the four-part Chang'e 5 spacecraft. The spacecraft entered lunar orbit just over four days later and shortly after the mission lander and an ascent vehicle separated from the orbiter.
The lander made a spectacular landing near a volcanic peak named Mons Rümker on Dec 1. The lander quickly set about collecting samples with a drill and robotic arm and loaded the material into an ascent vehicle.
The ascent vehicle blasted off from atop the lander on Dec. 3, and on Dec. 5, the small spacecraft completed the first-ever robotic lunar orbit rendezvous and docking with the waiting Chang'e 5 orbiter. After transferring the samples to the reentry vehicle attached to the orbiter, the ascent vehicle was jettisoned and later commanded to impact the moon to prevent creating debris in lunar orbit.
Illustration of Chang'e 5's journey from Earth to the moon and back again. (Image credit: CNSA)
The orbiter has meanwhile been waiting for the right moment to stop circling the moon and head for home.
After their arrival this week, the samples will be delivered to a specially constructed laboratory in Beijing where preparation, analysis and storage of the moon rocks will begin.
Scientists will use radiometric dating to confirm the age of the new samples, which may contain rocks made by late-stage volcanism as young, geologically speaking, as 1.2 billion years old. The samples collected previously by Apollo and Soviet Luna missions in the 1960s and 1970s are all more than 3 billion years old.
Artist’s illustration of the exoplanet HD 106906 b located a great distance away from its central binary star and the disk of dusty material that surrounds it.
Planet Nine may not be such an oddball after all, if it does indeed exist.
The exotic exoplanet HD 106906 b is an analog of sorts of Planet Nine, the Neptune-size world hypothesized to lurk in the outer reaches of our own solar system, a new study suggests.
HD 106906 b was discovered in 2013. It's about 11 times more massive than Jupiter and lies 336 light-years from Earth, near the double star HD 106906.
The HD 106906 stellar duo is very young — just 15 million years old — and is still surrounded by a dusty debris disk. HD 106906 b apparently emerged from that disk but is now quite removed from it, zooming along high above the disk's plane. In addition, the giant exoplanet currently lies 737 astronomical units (AU) from the double star, about 25 times more distant from the pair than Neptune is from our sun. (One AU is the average Earth-sun distance, which is about 93 million miles, or 150 million kilometers.)
So HD 106906 b is a pretty curious character. Indeed, scientists have been debating whether the alien planet is still a bona fide member of the HD 106906 system or if it's now speeding away from the two stars, having been booted out by a gravitational interaction.
There's evidence that such a booting did take place: photos captured a few years ago by the Gemini South Telescope in Chile show that HD 106906's outer dust disk and inner comet disk are lopsided. HD 106906 b could have done this sculpting if the planet formed close to the system's center and was then kicked outward after a close encounter with the double stars, previous modeling work has indicated.
Such a disturbance would ordinarily send a planet out of its home system entirely, turning it into a "rogue" that wanders the galaxy alone, free of any host star — unless its departure was arrested by another gravitational interaction, this time with a star that wandered close to the HD 106906 system.
Last year, a group that included two of the three authors on the new study identified several stars that could have provided such a nudge about 3 million years ago. And the new paper suggests that one of those interloping stars may indeed have kept HD 106906 b from becoming a runaway.
In the new work, researchers led by Meiji Nguyen, a recent graduate of the University of California, Berkeley, analyzed observations of the HD 106906 system made between 2004 and 2018 by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. The astronomers also compared the Hubble images with data gathered by Europe's Gaia spacecraft, which is precisely mapping the positions and movements of billions of stars in our Milky Way galaxy.
These combined data sets allowed the three scientists to nail down the positions of the HD 106906 binary and the giant planet. They found that HD 106906 b is likely in an elliptical and very long — but stable — orbit around its two parent stars, completing one lap every 15,000 years.
"Though it’s only been 14 years of observations, we were still able to, surprisingly, get a constraint on the orbit for the first time, confirming our suspicion that it was very misaligned and also that the planet is on an approximately 15,000-year orbit," Nguyen said in a statement.
"The fact that our results are consistent with predictions is, I think, a strong piece of evidence that this planet is, indeed, bound. In the future, a radial-velocity measurement is needed to confirm our findings," Nguyen added. (Radial-velocity measurements quantify the gravitational tug exerted by planets upon their host stars.)
What does this have to do with Planet Nine? The inferred history of HD 106906 b is similar to that proposed to explain how Planet Nine — or Planet Next, Planet X or Giant Planet Five, for those who will always regard Pluto as our solar system's ninth planet — could have gotten into, and remained in, its putative orbit, a highly elliptical path that keeps it hundreds of AU from the sun.
"What I really think makes HD 106906 b unique is that it is the only exoplanet that we know that is directly imaged, surrounded by a debris disk, misaligned relative to its system and is widely separated," Nguyen said. "This is what makes it the sole candidate we have found thus far whose orbit is analogous to the hypothetical Planet Nine."
Have you ever seen 40,000 shooting stars blaze across the sky at the same time?
If you'd like to, the European Space Agency (ESA) is offering you two options: Either stare at the night sky for about half a million years as our solar system drifts steadily through theMilky Way (some patience required) — or, watch a new 60-second time-lapse simulation of the same thing, courtesy of the ESA's Gaia space observatory.
In the new simulation, 40,000 stars — all located within 325light-years of Earth's sun — whiz through space, leaving long trails of light behind them. Each point of light represents one real object in the Milky Way, and each shining trail shows that object's projected movement through the galaxy over the next 400,000 years. Brighter, faster streaks are located closer to our solar system, while dimmer, slower ones live much farther away.
According to ESA researchers, the simulation shows an unsurprising pattern: By the end of the animation, most stars seem to be clustered to the right side of the screen, while the left remains relatively empty. It's not because the stars are being pulled by some newborn black hole or an alien tractor beam; it's simply that our sun is constantly moving too, causing passing stars to appear more clustered in the opposite direction.
"If you imagine yourself moving through a crowd of people (who are standing still), then in front of you the people will appear to move apart as you approach them, while behind you the people will appear to stand ever closer together as you move away from them," ESA researcherswrote in a blog post. "This effect also happens due to the motion of the sun with respect to the stars."
The data that made this mosaic of cosmic fireflies possible comes from the Gaia satellite's third official data release (EDR3), which became publicly available on Dec. 3.The new data dump contains detailed information on more than 1.8 billion celestial objects, including the precise positions, velocities and orbital trajectories of more than 330,000 stars within 325 light-years of Earth, according to a news release from the ESA. (The 40,000 stars represented in the simulation were chosen at random.)
The Gaia satellite launched in 2013 with the express mission of measuring the positions, distances and motions of the stars. The second data release, which dropped in 2018, helped astronomers assemble themost detailed map of the universe ever. The new, third release adds about 100 million new objects to that treasure trove, ESA researchers said.
Scientists Take Baby Steps Toward Extraterrestrial Babies
Scientists Take Baby Steps Toward Extraterrestrial Babies
Can sperm survive microgravity? Do eggs hold up to radiation? The new science of off-planet procreation is now getting underway.
To see how conditions in space might affect baby-making, scientists are beginning with a study of sperm, seen here in sperm bank containers.
PHOTOGRAPH: THOMAS FREDBERG/GETTY IMAGES
IN FEBRUARY, THE Spanish pilot Daniel González climbed into a small aerobatic plane at the Sabadell Airport outside Barcelona and fired up its single prop engine. Once he was in the air, González began a steep climb for about six seconds before entering a nosedive. The plane’s rapid descent created a microgravity environment in the cockpit and for a few seconds, González felt what it was like to be an astronaut. Then he pulled on the yoke to bring the plane out of its dive and did it all over again.
This sort of parabolic flight isn’t remarkable for an experienced aerobatic pilot like González. But the cargo on his flight was a little unusual: In the passenger seat of the plane sat a small box, loaded with tubes of frozen human sperm.
This was the third and final flight of a yearlong study undertaken by a group of Spanish researchers to understand the effects of microgravity on human reproduction. This seminal study, which is currently under peer review, marks the first experimental results published on the effects of a zero-gravity environment on frozen sperm. The study was limited—the sperm was in microgravity for less than 9 seconds, for example—but it suggested that reduced gravity has negligible effects on the health of frozen sperm.
“We are at the frontier of knowledge about human reproduction in space,” says Antoni Perez-Poch, an engineer at Polytechnic University of Catalonia and a coauthor on the paper.
Perez-Poch and his colleagues are not the first to experiment on sperm in zero G. Last year NASA dispatched frozen human sperm to the ISS, though the agency has not shared any results. These projects are all part of a nascent push to see how human settlements, and extraterrestrial babies in particular, might fare beyond Earth.
Perez-Poch says the team plans to conduct more, longer flights, and hopes to also do experiments with thawed sperm. Because the samples have to be kept warm to survive, working with frozen material was an easier way to begin. NASA also plans to thaw its sperm on the ISS before sending it back to Earth. Microgravity is only one concern for the creation of outer space babies; then there’s the high radiation to consider too. The effects on ova, and eventually embryos, will also need to be scrutinized.
With all the ethical challenges of working with human embryos, the long-term research agenda for conception in the cosmos is fraught, at best. The idea of human reproduction in space, however, has taken on a life of its own. At least one company has already set out to offer couples the option of doing IVF in low Earth orbit—as if in vitro fertilization wasn’t expensive enough.
Last year, a company called SpaceLife announced its intentions to store frozen sperm and eggs in satellites and to develop an in-space embryo incubator. In July, though, the company halted operations, citing “serious ethical, safety, and medical concerns.”
Given how little we know about how the space environment affects human reproduction, this is probably for the best. But maybe one day we will find ourselves in a world where babies are delivered not by stork, but by spacecraft.
It’s an absolute certainty that many of the craters that can be found peppered throughout the Earth’s surface were the result of meteorite and asteroid strikes – perhaps even comets, too. Arguably, the most famous one, period, isArizona’s “Meteor Crater,” that is located near Winslow, Arizona. This mammoth scarring of the landscape occurred around 50,000 years ago, and is more than two miles wide and more than five hundred feet in depth. There are, however, some such craters that are very difficult to explain in a down to earth fashion. Welcome to the strange story of the Lonar Crater. It can be found in the state of Maharashtra, India. The locals aside, no one had seen the crater until 1823. Interestingly, NASA has taken an interest in the ancient crater. NASA states of the now-water-filled crater: “India’s Lonar Crater began causing confusion soon after it was identified in 1823 by a British officer named C.J.E. Alexander. Lonar Crater sits inside the Deccan Plateau—a massive plain of volcanic basalt rock leftover from eruptions some 65 million years ago. Its location in this basalt field suggested to some geologists that it was a volcanic crater. Today, however, Lonar Crater is understood to result from a meteorite impact that occurred between 35,000 and 50,000 years ago.”
NASA continues: “Lonar Crater is approximately 150 meters (500 feet) deep, with an average diameter of almost 1,830 meters (6,000 feet). The crater rim rises roughly 20 meters (65 feet) above the surrounding land surface. Scientists established Lonar’s status as an impact crater based on several lines of evidence, perhaps the most compelling being the presence of maskelynite. Maskelynite is a kind of naturally occurring glass that is only formed by extremely high-velocity impacts. A Science article published in 1973 pointed out this material’s presence, and suggested that the crater’s situation in volcanic basalt made it a good analogue for impact craters on the surface of the Moon.”
The Lonar Crater (NASA)
It should be noted that there is a very interesting, and intriguing, story attached to the history and lore of the Lonar Crater. For this part of the saga we have to turn our attentions to the Skanda-Purana, which is an approximately 1,100-year-old Hindu document, as Priya Ramachandran reveals: “The name ‘Lonar’ came from the demon, Lonasura, who lived in this subterranean abode and terrorized the people of the Earth. Now, heeding to his people’s prayers Vishnu came to the rescue, by sending his avatar in the form of a man named Daityasudna, who exposed the demon’s hideout, kicked away the rock that kept them hidden, thereby creating that crater. He slayed the mighty demon and when his blood was spilt, it turned into a lake.”
David Hatcher-Childress, who has extensively investigated the mystery, makes a very good point: “If such geologically recent craters as the Lonar [Crater] were of meteoric origin, why then do such tremendous meteorites not fall today? The Earth’s atmosphere fifty thousand years ago probably was no different from today’s, so a lighter atmosphere cannot be advanced as a hypothesis to explain an immense meteorite size, which of course would be considerably reduced by heat oxidization within a gaseously heavier atmosphere.” Hatcher-Childress also states that, “no trace of any meteoric, etc., material has been found at the site or in the vicinity, while it is the world’s only known ‘impact’ crater in basalt. Indications of great shock (from a pressure exceeding six hundred atmospheres) and intense abrupt heat (indicated by basalt glass spherules) can be ascertained at the site.”
And, to add to the weirdness, there is the following, also from NASA: “In early June 2020, a crater lake in west-central India promptly changed from green to pink. For now, the reason why remains a mystery. Lonar Lake’s color shift occurred over the span of a few days. The change is visible in this image pair, acquired on May 25 and June 10 with the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8. Scientists collected samples from the lake and are awaiting lab results before they can say with certainty what caused the change. They speculate, however, that the color could be a result of microscopic life that thrives in water with high salt concentrations.”
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One of the weirdest and most enduring facets of the UFO phenomenon is that of the mysterious mutilations of cattle and other livestock that have turned up in UFO hotspots all over the world. The state of these corpses really runs the gamut of the odd, with carcasses variously found with parts of the body excised with surgical precision, drained completely of blood, missing vital organs, and often reported as showing little to no sign of scavenger activity, decomposition, or even flies buzzing about. Reported throughout the world, the cattle mutilation phenomenon has become a major feature upon the landscape of UFO and alien weirdness, baffling investigators for decades, and although there have been many attempts to explain it all away it remains stubbornly lodged away within the lore. Among these there are occasionally cases that prove to be even weirder than most, and which show that cattle and animals are not the only target of the spooky UFO mutilation anomaly.
The bizarre case that we will be looking at here can supposedly be found buried within the body of reports compiled during a short-lived U.S. Air Force project and precursor to the more famous Project Blue Book, called Project Grudge. Taking over from a Project Sign, Project Grudge sought to investigate unidentified flying objects and aerial phenomena in an attempt to reach an unbiased consensus on it all using a scientific approach and standard intelligence procedures. For a project supposedly meant to be unbiased and to be looking for answers, it mostly ended up taking the stubborn approach that none of this was caused in any way by alien forces or extraterrestrial intelligences, and for the most part treated the UFO phenomenon as a whole as absurd, devolving into what one Dr. Michael D. Swords would describe as “an exercise of derision and sloppy filing.” They actively tried to pigeonhole all UFO reports into the mold of mundane phenomena, such as misidentified clouds, stars, aerial phenomena such as sun dogs, conventional aircraft, planetary phenomena such as Venus, swamp gas, and “misinterpretation of various conventional objects,” as well as lies, hoaxes, and mass hysteria, you name it, as long as it wasn’t aliens, no matter how inexplicable the case might seem and usually with very little actual investigation done to back up these claims. They were known as being active debunkers of the UFO phenomena rather than truth seekers, all culminating with the official Project Grudge conclusion:
There is no evidence that objects reported upon are the result of an advanced scientific foreign development; and, therefore they constitute no direct threat to the national security. In view of this, it is recommended that the investigation and study of reports of unidentified flying objects be reduced in scope. Headquarters AMC Air Material Command will continue to investigate reports in which realistic technical applications are clearly indicated. It is apparent that further study along present lines would only confirm the findings presented herein. It is further recommended that pertinent collection directives be revised to reflect the contemplated change in policy.
The 600 page Grudge Report would be full of wild debunking, and after operating from February to December of 1949 Project Grudge would be dissolved to make way for Project Blue Book. Yet although Project Grudge is all mostly seen as an exercise in spite towards UFOs and the people who think there is more to them, there are some exceptions. One of these is a top secret alleged document called “Project Grudge Report 13,” which the military denies exists, but which purportedly contains a report on the time an Air Force sergeant apparently became a human victim of the mutilation phenomenon.
The spooky case allegedly involves two men, an Air Force sergeant Jonathan P. Lovette and Major William Cunningham, who were assigned to the White Sands missile testing grounds near Holloman Air Force Base in New Mexico. In March of 1956, the two were out in the desert tracking down debris that had fallen during a recent rocket test. As they picked through the desolate landscape looking for fragments and pieces, they separated, and at some point Cunningham heard a loud, sharp scream from Lovette from over a dune. The Major ran to see what had happened, and found something beyond rational explanation, indeed beyond anything he could have imagined.
Upon crossing the dune, Cunningham alleged that he found Lovette being dragged across the sand by a “long, serpentine arm,” like a tendril of some sort, that was wrapped around his legs and yanking him towards a large silver disc nearby. Cunningham was too shocked to react, and as he looked on in horror that bizarre tentacle reportedly pulled the Sergeant into the bowels of the UFO, which then silently shot up into the starry sky. Throughout all of this the only sound was Lovette’s screams of panic and pain. As soon as the UFO was gone and he had regained his senses, Cunningham then ran all the way back to the jeep and frantically radioed for help. It would turn out that radar operators had picked up an anomalous signature at around the same time as the strange encounter, and a thorough search of the area found no sign of Lovette despite scouring the area for miles. It was as if he had just vanished into thin air. It would not be until three days later that his fate would become known, and push the whole thing further into the realms of the weird.
White Sands Missile Range
It was after three days of frantic searching that Lovette’s body would be found around 10 miles from where he had disappeared. The corpse was nude, and found to have been sitting out there in the desert for perhaps 24 to 48 hours, despite the fact he had been missing for three days. However, the strangest thing of all was that the corpse had been gruesomely mutilated in a most unusual way. Lovette’s tongue had been cleanly removed with surgical precision, his eyes had been taken out, his internal organs were missing, and both his anus and genitals had been cleanly detached from the body, all of it done with expert skill. There was also the unsettling fact that the body was missing all of its blood, with not even a single drop remaining, yet coroners would find that there was no collapse of the veins that would be expected with such a draining. How had his body come to be in such a state and what connection did it have to Cunningham’s claims of UFOs and tentacles? No one really knows, and the mysterious Project Grudge Report 13 gives no answers.
It is all a pretty wild and spectacular story that has gone on to be much discussed in ufology circles to this day, but there is little in the way of concrete verification for any of it. It is supposedly from one of the still classified reports within the Grudge Report, which itself really does exist and has even declassified some information, but which also still holds its secrets. For instance, there are declassified reports 1 to 12, as well as 14, but as for “Report 13,” it is mostly only known through insiders who claim to have read it, in particular a man named William Cooper. Cooper claimed that he had been in charge of analyzing an annotated version of Grudge Report 13 in the early 1970s, and leaked the report out. This was somewhat corroborated by a former Green Beret captain by the name of William English, who also claims to have seen the mysterious report and gave the same information from it. These two men would insist that it was all true, but there has never been any official substantiation, nor even any confirmation or denial concerning whether Report 13 exists or not. In the end, there is no way to know, and we are left to wonder just what happened out at that remote desert location, if anything at all.
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Alien life 'unlikely' on Proxima b: Closest Earth-like planet is bombarded with deadly levels of 'sterilising' radiation, study finds
Alien life 'unlikely' on Proxima b: Closest Earth-like planet is bombarded with deadly levels of 'sterilising' radiation, study finds
Astronomers observed radio bursts and solar flares from Proxima Centauri
This is our nearest stellar neighbour at just 4.2 light years form the Earth
It is a small red dwarf star with two planets including a rocky Earth-like world
As it is so small the habitable zone where liquid water could flow is close to the star and researchers found planets in the zone were bombarded by radiation
The presence of alien life existing on other worlds, including our nearest Earth-like planet, Proxima b, is less likely than previously thought, experts have found.
A study reveals the rocky planet, which is just 4.2 light years away and exists in the habitable zone of its star, is being constantly hit with deadly radiation.
It orbits the red-dwarf star Proxima Centauri and previous research has found it could be home to liquid water and therefore able to support life.
But the new research from astronomers at the University of Sydney shows red dwarf stars like Proxima Centauri regularly belch out huge amounts of ionising radiation in via solar flares and radio bursts which would kill all life.
Proxima b is likely within this danger zone and is probably showered by the sterilising particles, researchers say.
Pictured, a not-to-scale representation of how far away Proxima B is from Earth compared to Voyager 1, the farthest man-made object which was launched in 1977
Astronomers from the University of Sydney observed solar flares and radio bursts from nearby star Proxima Centauri to study the impact on planets in its system
The red dwarf star is our closest stellar neighbour and is cooler than the Sun, therefore its so-called habitable zone is a closer to its fiery surface.
As a consequence of this, Proxima B is berated with radiation, making life unlikely.
Red dwarf stars are the most common in the Milky Way, accounting for about 85 per cent of the 100 billion stars in our galaxy compared to 7 per cent of Sun-like stars.
It is unlikely life will form on planets orbiting these plentiful but small stars - although that still leaves billions of Sun-like stars that could have life-hosting worlds.
Australian researchers created the first weather forecast for our nearest celestial neighbour to better understand the impact of a close orbit on the chance of life.
Unfortunately, the reports from Proxima Centauri are not promising for 'finding life as we know it.'
Habitable zones closer than Earth's are unlikely to be home to any form of life and therefore, Proxima Centauri, and any other stars smaller than our sun, are likely at the centre of barren solar systems.
Study leader Dr Andrew Zic, of Macquarie University, Sydney, said: 'Astronomers have recently found there are two "Earth-like" rocky planets around Proxima Centauri, one within the "habitable zone" where any water could be in liquid form.'
'But given Proxima Centauri is a cool, small red-dwarf star, it means this habitable zone is very close to the star - much closer in than Mercury is to our Sun.
'What our research shows is this makes the planets very vulnerable to dangerous ionising radiation that could effectively sterilise them.'
Artist's rendering of Proxima Centauri system. Portrayed on the right, Proxima c orbits in about 5.2 years around its host star. The system comprises also the smaller Proxima b, on the left, discovered in 2016 that orbits in the 'habitable zone' closer than Mercury is to the Sun
Proxima B's discovery four years ago generated huge excitement as it suggested alien life might be right on our doorstep - astronomically speaking.
These exoplanets are 25 trillion miles, or 4.2 light years, from Earth and would therefore take thousands of years to get there using current technology.
NASA Voyager 1 is the farthest man-made spacecraft from Earth after its 5 September 5, 1977 launch. Travelling at the speed of light, it would take just 21 hours, four minutes and 22 seconds to catch up to it.
However, there are ideas being worked on that could see tiny spacecraft sent using lasers at 20 per cent of the speed of light, rapidly speeding up the potential travel time. If these were ever successfully manufactured, humans could send a craft to Proxima b with a travel time of just 21 years.
But this discovery means the possibility of travelling to Proxima b to find a second home, or pre-existing life, is remote.
'It seems likely the galaxy's most common stars - red dwarfs - won't be great places to find life as we know it,' explained Dr Zic.
'Our own Sun regularly emits hot clouds of ionised particles during what we call 'coronal mass ejections.
'But given the Sun is much hotter than Proxima Centauri and other red-dwarf stars, our "habitable zone" is far from the Sun's surface, meaning the Earth is a relatively long way from these events.
'Further, the Earth has a very powerful planetary magnetic field that shields us from these intense blasts of solar plasma.'
In this image from the Hubble Space Telescope is our relative neighbour Proxima Centauri, a low mass star in the triple-star Alpha Centauri system. Proxima Centauri is not visible to the naked eye due to its small size - eight times smaller than the Sun
Lead author Andrew Zic at the GMRT radio telescope in India which was a number of instruments used to detect the solar flares directly from Proxima Centauri
There are now more than 4,000 known exoplanets - those revolving around stars beyond the solar system. This has boosted hopes of finding extraterrestrial life.
The findings published in The Astrophysical Journal were based on observational data from space and land based telescopes that captured the phenomenon in 'amazing detail.'
They show planets around these stars are likely to be showered with stellar flares and plasma ejections on a regular basis, according to the researchers.
PROXIMA CENTAURI: OUR NEAREST STELLAR NEIGHBOUR
Proxima Centauri is a small, low-mass red dwarf star located 4.244 light-years from our Sun.
It is smaller than the Sun by about eight times and much cooler.
The star was first discovered in 1915 by Scottish astronomer Robert Innes and is the nearest-known star to the sun.
Proxima Centauri forms a third member of the Alpha Centauri triple star system, along with Rigil Kentaurus and Toliman.
Because of Proxima Centauri's proximity to Earth, its angular diameter – around one-seventh the diameter of our sun – can be measured directly.
There are two known planets orbiting the small star - Proxima b and c.
Due to its relative proximity it could be the first target for mission to another star using tiny satellites propelled at 20 per cent the speed of light.
It suggests they suffer strong atmospheric erosion - leaving them exposed to very intense X-rays and ultraviolet radiation.
Dr Zic said: 'Red dwarf radio bursts might happen for different reasons than on the Sun, where they are usually associated with coronal mass ejections.
'But it's highly likely there are similar events associated with the stellar flares and radio bursts we have seen in this study.'
Coronal mass ejections are hugely energetic expulsions of ionised plasma and radiation leaving the stellar atmosphere.
Co-author Dr Bruce Gendre, of Western Australia University, said: 'Understanding space weather is critical for understanding how our own planet biosphere evolved - but also for what the future is.'
Magnetic fields like Earth's have never been identified around an exoplanet - and finding them could prove tricky.
Dr Zic said: 'But even if there were magnetic fields, given the stellar proximity of habitable zone planets around red dwarf stars, this might not be enough to protect them.'
The Proxima Centauri observations were taken with the CSIRO’s Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope in Western Australia, the Zadko Telescope at the University of Western Australia and a suite of other instruments.
Professor Tara Murphy from the University of Sydney said the data was incredible and allowed them to view the stellar flare from Proxima Centauri over its full evolution in 'amazing detail'.
'Most importantly, we can see polarised light, which is a signature of these events. It’s a bit like looking at the star with sunglasses on.'
When ASKAP is fully operational it may be possible to observe similar events on other nearby stars to get a greater insight into space weather.
Scientists study the atmosphere of distant exoplanets using enormous space satellites like Hubble
Distant stars and their orbiting planets often have conditions unlike anything we see in our atmosphere.
To understand these new world's, and what they are made of, scientists need to be able to detect what their atmospheres consist of.
They often do this by using a telescope similar to Nasa's Hubble Telescope.
These enormous satellites scan the sky and lock on to exoplanets that Nasa think may be of interest.
Here, the sensors on board perform different forms of analysis.
One of the most important and useful is called absorption spectroscopy.
This form of analysis measures the light that is coming out of a planet's atmosphere.
Every gas absorbs a slightly different wavelength of light, and when this happens a black line appears on a complete spectrum.
These lines correspond to a very specific molecule, which indicates it's presence on the planet.
They are often called Fraunhofer lines after the German astronomer and physicist that first discovered them in 1814.
By combining all the different wavelengths of lights, scientists can determine all the chemicals that make up the atmosphere of a planet.
The key is that what is missing, provides the clues to find out what is present.
It is vitally important that this is done by space telescopes, as the atmosphere of Earth would then interfere.
Absorption from chemicals in our atmosphere would skew the sample, which is why it is important to study the light before it has had chance to reach Earth.
This is often used to look for helium, sodium and even oxygen in alien atmospheres.
This diagram shows how light passing from a star and through the atmosphere of an exoplanet produces Fraunhofer lines indicating the presence of key compounds such as sodium or helium
Today’s article is focused on nothing less than Little Green Men. We’ve all heard of the term, but do such things really exist? Beyond any shadow of a doubt, at all, one of the most bizarre of all encounters with such strange creatures occurred at Juminda, Estonia, at some point in the late 1930s; the exact date being unclear. According to an investigation undertaken by acclaimed and renowned UFO expert, Jacques Vallee, two witnesses encountered a small – approximately three-feet-tall – humanoid creature with brown-green skin and [italics mine] which had distinct frog-like characteristics. Its eyes were slit-like, as was its mouth. And it appeared to be not at all accustomed to walking on land; its awkward gait made that abundantly clear, and particularly so when it caught sight of the pair and made good its escape. While it outran its pursuers, it did so in a very odd, near-drunken-like state.
A similar state of affairs occurred in the heart of woodland at Orland Park, Illinois, on September 24, 1951. The man who witnessed something both remarkable and disturbing was a steelworker named Harrison Bailey. As he walked through the park, Bailey was suddenly plagued by a burning sensation to his neck, which was accompanied by a sense of cramp in his neck, too. Sensing he was being watched, Bailey quickly swung around. He found himself confronted by a grey-colored object of a large size that was described as being “whirlwind”-like in shape. Things then became decidedly weird: Bailey felt groggy, confused, and almost in a dream-like state. And then nothing. His next memory was vague, but revolved around being surrounded by a large group of eighteen-inch-high humanoids that resembled frogs. They asked bizarre questions, such as where he was from and where he was going. All that Bailey could focus on was the fact that he felt somewhat paralyzed and unable to move properly. The unsettling feeling soon wore off, however, and Bailey was left to make his stumbling, slightly out of it, way back home.
Now, we come to a bit of humor. Now and again (like most Fortean writers, I’m sure), I get some distinctly odd stuff sent to me – including this photo of an alleged green alien, which I received some time around 1994. Frankly, to me, it looks like a badly-created combination of (A) something made for a low-budget sci-fi movie; and (B) Donald Duck. And, below this photo you’ll find another, equally weird picture. The thing it shows is, of course, green. What else?
No, don’t get too excited, the picture below is not evidence of one of Mac Tonnies’ elusive Extraterrestrial-Cryptoterrestrials! Nor does it validate the wild, underground tales of Richard Shaver and the diabolical Deros! It’s a photo that was sent to me around 1997 or 1998, and, in reality is just a life-sized model that can be found in a certain, famous series of caves in England, and which is meant to offer a bit of “sword-and-sorcery”-style entertainment to those who visit the caves in question. But what was interesting was the intricately woven yarn that accompanied the picture when it was mailed to me. I forget the precise details now, but it all revolved around the claim that intelligent, sword-wielding, dwarfish man-beasts – originally from another world (aliens, in other words) – were roaming the many and varied caves that exist deep below the British Isles. The letter ran to 2 or 3 pages and was an entertaining piece of hokum written in a definitively atmospheric, Lovecraftian style. But, if you too are ever on the receiving end of this particular photo and its accompanying letter, just enjoy it for what it is: a piece of man-made entertainment, coupled with the written ravings of someone with – apparently – a good imagination, but way too much times on their hands, and nothing else!
According to a new study, experts now are saying that it is “unlikely” that there is life on Proxima b. Proxima Centauri is a small red dwarf star that is located 4.2 light-years away from us. It is approximately eight times smaller than our sun and a lot colder. Proxima b and c are the two known planets that are orbiting the star.
It has been previously suggested that Proxima b may contain liquid water and could possibly support alien life. However, astronomers from the University of Sydney are now claiming that alien life on other planets, such as Proxima b, is becoming less and less likely. They said that even though Proxima b is in the habitable zone of its star, it is being hit with constant radiation.
In order to get to this conclusion, the Australian researchers analyzed data obtained from the CSIRO’s Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope in Western Australia, the Zadko Telescope at the University of Western Australia, as well as other equipment. They created a weather forecast for the planet but the results indicated that finding life there was not promising.
Dr. Andrew Zic, who is from Macquarie University, Sydney, and the leader of the study, explained this further, “Astronomers have recently found there are two ‘Earth-like’ rocky planets around Proxima Centauri, one within the ‘habitable zone’ where any water could be in liquid form.” “But given Proxima Centauri is a cool, small red-dwarf star, it means this habitable zone is very close to the star – much closer than Mercury is to our Sun.” “What our research shows is this makes the planets very vulnerable to dangerous ionizing radiation that could effectively sterilize them.” (Pictures can be seen here.)
Dr. Zic went on to explain, “Our own Sun regularly emits hot clouds of ionized particles during what we call ‘coronal mass ejections’.” “But given the Sun is much hotter than Proxima Centauri and other red-dwarf stars, our ‘habitable zone’ is far from the Sun’s surface, meaning the Earth is a relatively long way from these events.” “Further, the Earth has a very powerful planetary magnetic field that shields us from these intense blasts of solar plasma.”
But even if these exoplanets did have a magnetic field like Earth’s, since they are so close to their host star, it may not be enough to protect them against the damaging radiation. And since Proxima b is only 4.2 light-years away from us, it would still take us thousands of years to actually get there to explore the planet based on our current technology. Whether there are walking/talking extraterrestrials or other forms of life like microorganisms, plants, etc…, we won’t know for a while.
While experts are suggesting that alien life is becoming less likely on Proxima b and other planets, it still doesn’t explain all of the UFO sightings throughout the years by very credible witnesses such as Jesse Marcel whose private journal on the Roswell crash had recently been discussed by his grandsons. I can’t help but wonder if we aren’t alone in the universe, where are these aliens hiding out?
Throughout history there have been mysterious artifacts that have defied understanding for years. Every once in a while a strange object will seemingly show up that challenges what we think we know, be that impossible fossils, strange devices lost to the mists of time, and others. One such mysterious discovery is what is claimed to be a modern, advanced device buried within ancient rock, which has managed to be discussed and debated to this day.
The year was 1998, and electrical engineer John. J. Williams was allegedly out hiking in the mountain wilderness somewhere in North America on an otherwise normal day. The location has never been explicitly named, but Williams has insisted that it was “far from human settlements, industrial complexes, airports, factories, and electronic or nuclear plants.” As he walked along, he noticed an oddly shaped rock jutting out of the ground, and after digging it out he could see that it was ancient granite, and embedded within it was what appeared to be a modern, 3-pin electrical plug, measuring about 8 mm in diameter; the pins of the device about 3 mm high. Curious, Williams tried to pull the plug out, but found to his astonishment that it seemed to be melded to the very rock itself, which seemed truly odd considering that the rock itself would have been absolutely ancient.
John. J. Williams
According to Williams, the rock would be found to be composed of of granite, quartz and feldspar, estimated as being at least 100,000 years old. He claims that he had the anomalous object within it examined by an engineer and geologist, who could not discern what material it was made of, and found that the apparent electrical component seemed to show no evidence of having been soldered, welded, or glued into place, and that it additionally demonstrated a weak magnetic attraction. X-ray scans of the rock would supposedly show that the device extended to an opaque internal structure within the stone, and there were also found melted blobs of a metallic-like material around the periphery of the plug. Furthermore, it was purportedly deemed that whatever the “plug” was, it seemingly impossibly existed before the very formation of the rock itself. Williams would call the mysterious device the “Enigmalith,” which is a combination of the words “enigma” and “monolith,” and so a rather strange mystery would emerge. How did this obviously artificial object get fused into strata that was tens of thousands of years old? That depends a lot on who you ask.
According to Williams himself, this is obvious evidence for an advanced ancient civilization or alternatively aliens. However, others are not so sure. There are a lot of red flags about this discovery that have been brought up, not the least of which is that Williams has always refused to divulge exactly where he found it, claiming that this is to prevent people from trouncing about ruining a site where there could be other miraculous discoveries. There is also the fact that it has never been formally studied as far as we know, despite his claims that it has been thoroughly examined by geologists and engineers. Who were these researchers and what are their credentials? Williams doesn’t say. He does say that he is perfectly willing to let others study it, but he has a laundry list of often unreasonable demands that need to be met before he allows this, such as that he be always present and that the device never leave his site, reserving the right to abort the analysis whenever he sees fit. This has put anyone off of studying it at all, which Williams has constantly lamented, saying:
I was hoping against hope that with all of this substantial coverage, a scientific exploration team would have emerged by now, or at least Hollywood and the major presses would have gotten involved so that additional huge boost in publicity would have pressured the scientific community to also get involved – hopefully before the dig site becomes much more trampled on that it already is. I have not been able to get a single New Mexico scientist or skeptic to even take a look at my rock – apparently, they are all a bunch of PC-controlled chickens – so much for science credibility in New Mexico.
Williams has even gone so far as to offer $100 dollars cash to anyone who can prove that it is a fake, which seems to ignore the fact that the burden of proof lies with the one making the claims, not the other way around. Perhaps the biggest strike against this purported “revolutionary discovery” is that it seems that Williams is a major publicity hound and is definitely looking to make a buck off the finding. For one, he charges $19 dollars on his site just for the privilege of having access to the full CD Rom of over 150 photographs of the thing and detailed descriptions of it, and you can buy the rock itself on the site for the bargain basement fee of just $500,000. You can technically access all of the CD Rom for free, as long as you match the criteria that he describes as follows:
If you want the CDROM for free as full compensation for your efforts on my behalf, you must first justify it by proving to me: (1) That you are a member of the media or an author, and that you are doing a story that will substantially include my rock and contain my webpage address; (2) That you are a bonafide scientist, engineer or professional fortean phenomena researcher or commentator, and that you are interested in evaluating my rock, and/or putting together and/or becoming a part of a scientific team to evaluate my rock and/or to dig the site; (3) That you wish to become a benefactor and will at this time irrevocably and without any qualifications or reservations pledge and obligate at least $1,000 to a non-profit organization, trust, LLC or corporation that I expect to later set-up for the research and exploration relevant to my rock and related fortean phenomena.
There are also heavily plugged books and manuals you can buy on it all. Indeed, much of Williams’ online presence seems to be devoted to drumming up publicity for and making money from his find, which definitely raises some eyebrows. He also just happens to have a site devoted to selling books on subjects such as mind control, computer hacking, electronic security, cheating your utility provider, among others. The main skeptical idea is that this is an obvious elaborate hoax and money-making scheme, and that this electrical engineer has managed to fit an electrical component into porous rock that he claims to be solid granite. We can’t even be sure what kind of rock it is since no one has really taken a good look at it besides the scientists he claims have seen it. Regardless, the Enigmalith has become much discussed and debated on UFO and paranormal forums and websites, and it has continued to be thought of as potentially real. Whether the Enigmalith is real or not, it is a very strange story indeed, and no matter what you think it still continues to be discussed. Is is a genuine archeological oddity or something else? Who knows?
Secret Space Whistleblower Reveals Technologies Used To Make Superhuman Soldiers and Advanced Tech
Secret Space Whistleblower Reveals Technologies Used To Make Superhuman Soldiers and Advanced Tech
Whistleblower Jason reveals some of the incredible technologies used in the secret space program combat deployments. From the simplest to the strangest, we cannot begin to image what is currently being used in secret operations. He explains the different types of flying vehiles used as well as advanced drones during missions. Jason also talks about the powerful computer technology that assists and guides them that provides almost superhuman capabilities.
Whistleblower Jason Rice discusses the incredible advanced technologies utilized during his tour of duty with the Secret Space Program. Jason talks about the level of technological sophistication of his battle dress uniform and weaponry. He reveals technical details of the suits he wore into combat and the various weapons he carried.
The capabilities of these are far in advance of what we currently know, with the exception of certain special access programs. Jason reveals certain operations when he was tasked to engage other lifeforms which possess strange technologies.
NASA Whistleblower Discloses Ancient Lunar Cities and E.T. Bases
NASA Whistleblower Discloses Ancient Lunar Cities and E.T. Bases
Researchers often find themselves debating whether or not humans have actually set foot upon the moon. However, there is one man that might hold the evidence needed to end the lunar landing debate, and that is Ken Johnston. Ken refused to follow orders to destroy the original photographs from the Apollo missions, where evidence lies of structures scattered across the luna surface.
He has also amassed a collection of images which can prove that the lunar landings were real, along with the images of extraterrestrial bases.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
TicTac UFO Seen From Plane Over Boston, Massachusetts On 9-6-2019, MUFON, UFO Sighting News.
TicTac UFO Seen From Plane Over Boston, Massachusetts On 9-6-2019, MUFON, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: 9-6-2019 Location of sighting: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Source: MUFON #112705
Wow, just watching this video is very exciting. Imagine looking out the window of the jet and noticing a tictac UFO matching speed with you. Absolutely fantastic, and as I have said before, aliens are highly interested in all the latest technology, and since planes fly 95% less than they once did, the chance of seeing a UFO thus has increased dramatically! 100% proof that aliens are closely watching and monitoring the human race.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
I was looking out of the plane window as I flew from Boston to Florida on 9.6.2019 at 7:27 pm. As I looked out the window I noticed a silver tic tac like object hovering/matching the flight of the plane. It was strange to me because it didn’t look like anything else I’ve ever seen out of a plane window nor have I ever noticed an object to maintain parallel height and motion with a plane like this did while emitting no exhaust/plume behind it. Other planes whiz by in the distance and are gone from view quickly—this was not like that. I took the videos with my phone at 7:28-7:32 pm. I have since shown the videos to many friends and family who have all conceded it is a difficult object to explain.
After hearing more and more come out about tic tac like ufos I figured it would be worth it to submit in case it is in fact a UFO. It is a perfect shape and truly does not look like a plane or anything else. It is a silver smooth tic.
Guy Spots Silver Cylinder Over Oshawa, Canada On Nov 27, 2020, UFO Sighting News, MUFON.
Guy Spots Silver Cylinder Over Oshawa, Canada On Nov 27, 2020, UFO Sighting News, MUFON.
Date of sighting: Nov 27, 2020 Location of sighting: Oshawa, Ontario, Canada Source: MUFON #112703
Guys, this is some outstanding raw footage of a UFO over Oshawa, Canada a few weeks ago. The guy runs to try to continue recording it and I see the object is rotating slowly. At one point 1:01 into the video the object appears bigger and round shape with a solid object in its center. Very strange, must pause video to see that. Perhaps it was only partly cloaked and we were actually seeing just a 10% of the UFO throughout most the video. Very interesting and 100% proof that aliens are flying low over our cities scanning how the public deals with Covid19.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
I was driving north on Simcoe street in oshawa, when I spotted this ufo, I pulled into a plaza and started recording, it was amazing, I have been a ufo believer since I was 15 and I couldn't believe my eyes, I finally seen one and I'm 57 now , it was worth the wait!!!
Strange objects flying through our sky and possible UFO fleet caught on ISS cam.
Case 1: December 8, 2020
Glowing anomaly changes from rectangular to circular shape over Three Folks, Montana
This object was not in a hurry as I observed it for well over 30 min. watching the entire time for possible wings, blades, sound, speed, direction, color change The object was stationary for a long period of time, than moved extremely slowly SE and upwards until out of sight with altitude. mufon
Case 2: December 11, 2020
Square-like UFO hovering over Washington DC
The witness was sitting in tree stand facing southeast deer hunting. At 5:38 pm cst he noticed a light overhead traveling east then the light changed direction to southeast. The light continued moving southeast for about 36 seconds before going out. mufon
Case 3: December 12, 2020
Flying sphere recorded on old tv show called Martial Law
It was recorded by professional tv camera on the old tv show called Martial Law. Season 1 episode 17 about 32 minutes into the show. A perfect sphere just appears in the sky flying with directional changes then flies off the top of the screen. mufon
Motionless Cube-Shaped UFO Found in Leaked Government Photo
Motionless Cube-Shaped UFO Found in Leaked Government Photo
An image reportedly circulated among intelligence agencies in the U.S. shows what seems to be unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP), the Pentagon term for UFOs. The U.S. officials described the object in the picture as a silver cube object.
The leaked image dates back to 2018 from an intelligence report of the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force (UAPTF), the Department of Defense (DoD) official unit investigating UAP sightings.
Check out this amazing book about the top 10 UFO cases in the history.
The Pentagon approved the formation of the task force in August, the first on record government UFO program since a 2000s-era unit lost its funding in 2012. However, multiple sources confirmed that the original UFO program remained active in secrecy after its shutdown. The UATPF has reportedly briefed military officials and the government on UAP-related matters for the last two years. The newly surfaced photo appeared in a report from the task force during that time.
According to The Debrief correspondent Tim McMillan, a defense official, who has access to the UAPTF’s intelligence reports, leaked the photo’s existence. Three other government officials affirmed with McMillan that the image comes from a 2018 task force report shared on a secure network utilized by the U.S. Intelligence Community.
A military pilot flying over the Atlantic Ocean on the U.S. East Coast reportedly encountered the object in 2018 and snapped a photo of it using their cell phone. Judging on the angle of the shot, it looked like a backseat weapon system operator on a F/A-18F Super Hornet snapped the picture of the object, which McMillan describes as “inverted” and “bell-shaped” with “ridges or other protrusions along its lateral edges that extends toward its base.
A GPS dropsonde may look like the UFO, but McMillan points out that he confirms with an atmospheric researcher that the actual dropsonde does not appear in the picture. The dropsonde is a square-cone parachute dropped by an aircraft but no aircraft above the UFO in the controversial photo.
Two defense officials tell McMillan that the object in question may not be a research balloon too. According to McMillan, the pilots who encountered the UFO said that the object was completely motionless and apparently unaffected by ambient air currents, unlike a research balloon under the same conditions.
Cigar-shaped UFO filmed from a plane from Massachusetts to Florida
Cigar-shaped UFO filmed from a plane from Massachusetts to Florida
This tic tac UFO activity was filmed up in the clouds on a flight from Boston, Massachusetts to Florida. This happened back in September 2019 but it was just published on MUFON today.
Witness report:
I was looking out of the plane window as I flew from Boston to Florida on 9.6.2019 at 7:27 pm. As I looked out the window I noticed a silver tic tac like object hovering/matching the flight of the plane. It was strange to me because it didn’t look like anything else I’ve ever seen out of a plane window nor have I ever noticed an object to maintain parallel height and motion with a plane like this did while emitting no exhaust/plume behind it. Other planes whiz by in the distance and are gone from view quickly—this was not like that. I took a series of 3 videos with my phone from 7:28-7:32 pm. I have since shown the videos to many friends and family who have all conceded it is a difficult object to explain.
After hearing more and more come out about tic tac like ufos I figured it would be worth it to submit in case it is in fact a UFO. It is a perfect shape and truly does not look like a plane or anything else. It is a silver smooth tic tac. I looked up other sightings from this date online and saw one submitted by a man in Clayville NY with two orbs that look similar. I am not sure where we were in air space at the time during the flight when these videos were taken. Will I be notified of the findings/analysis? Many thanks for your time!
A robot able to 'imagine' itself has been created in a step towards the self-aware robots envisioned in the Terminator movies.
Skynet and other sci-fi machines are able to learn and decipher from scratch but real-world robots have yet to master this art.
Now, scientists have managed to create a machine that can learn without prior programming via 'deep learning'.
After an initial 24 hours of behaving like a 'babbling infant' it was able to grasp objects from specific locations and drop them with 100 per cent accuracy thanks to 35 hours of training.
Even when relying entirely on its internal self model - the machine's 'imagination' - the robot was able to complete the pick-and-place task with a 44 per cent success rate.
Intelligent? After 35 hours of training, the 'self model' helped the robot grasp objects from specific locations and drop them in a receptacle with 100 per cent accuracy
The device consists of a jointed artificial arm and grasping 'hand' similar to those used in numerous production plants.
What makes this robot different to thousands of others is that it knows that is what it is.
US scientists gave it the ability to 'imagine itself' using a process of self-simulation.
Professor Hod Lipson, director of the Creative Machines Lab at the University of Columbia, New York - where the research was conducted, said: 'If we want robots to become independent, to adapt quickly to scenarios unforeseen by their creators, then it's essential that they learn to simulate themselves.
'While our robot's ability to imagine itself is still crude compared to humans, we believe that this ability is on the path to machine self-awareness.'
At the start of the study, the robot had no idea what shape it was, whether a spider, a snake or an arm.
To begin with, it behaved like a 'babbling infant', moving randomly while attempting various tasks.
Within about a day of intensive 'deep learning', the robot built up an internal picture of its structure and abilities.
PhD student Robert Kwiatkowski, another member of the team, said: 'That's like trying to pick up a glass of water with your eyes closed, a process difficult even for humans.'
Risk factor: Eerily, the scientists say they are aware of the potential dangers involved in giving robots the gift of self-awareness
Other tasks included writing text on a board using a marker.
To test whether the robot could detect damage to itself, the scientists replaced part of its body with a deformed version. The machine was able to recognise the change and work around it, with little loss of performance.
Self-aware robots may shed new light on the age-old mystery of consciousness, said Pressor Lipson. He added: 'Philosophers, psychologists, and cognitive scientists have been pondering the nature of self-awareness for millennia, but have made relatively little progress.
'We still cloak our lack of understanding with subjective terms like 'canvas of reality', but robots now force us to translate these vague notions into concrete algorithms and mechanisms.'
Self-aware robots and computers running amok or threatening the human race have been a rich source of material for sci-fi novels and films.
The scientists say they are aware of the potential dangers involved in giving robots the gift of self-awareness.
Writing in the journal Science Robotics, they warn: 'Self-awareness will lead to more resilient and adaptive systems, but also implies some loss of control. It's a powerful technology, but it should be handled with care.'
HOW WILL ROBOTS CHANGE THE WORKPLACE BY 2022?
The World Economic Forum has unveiled its latest predictions for the future of jobs.
Its 2018 report surveyed executives representing 15 million employees in 20 economies.
The non-profit expects robots, AI and other forms of automation to drastically change the workplace within the next four years.
By 2022:
Jobs predicted to be displaced: 75 million
Jobs predicted to be created: 133 million
Share of workforce requiring re-/upskilling: 54 per cent
Companies expecting to cut permanent workforce: 50 per cent
Companies expecting to hire specialist contractors: 48 per cent
Companies expecting to grow workforce: 38 per cent
Companies expecting automation to grow workforce: 28 per cent
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MIT ENGINEERS BUILT AN AI THAT DESIGN ITS OWN ROBOTS
MIT ENGINEERS BUILT AN AI THAT DESIGN ITS OWN ROBOTS
MIT
DAN ROBITZSKI
Robotception
As the latest bit of evidence that humanity has learned nothing from the “Terminator” franchise, we present RoboGrammer — an AI algorithm that can design its own robot bodies.
Thankfully, RoboGrammer still needs a helping hand from humanity, ExtremeTech reports, and it can’t manufacture anything on its own, so a machine uprising remains unlikely. But the MIT-built algorithm is particularly adept at designing the ideal body for a given set of conditions, making it a valuable tool for roboticists in need of some fresh ideas.
Nature-Inspired
The MIT engineers tested out RoboGrammer in a virtual environment where its creations had to traverse specific terrains like slippery floors or sets of stairs.
On its first try, RoboGrammer built mostly nonsensical robots out of the virtual parts it was given.
But with a little human guidance — the engineers took inspiration from real-world arthropods — the algorithm was able to optimize its body for the task at hand. For instance, the algorithm built a lizard-like body for smooth terrain, and then made its body more rigid when it had to cross gaps in the floor. For an icy surface, it designed a walrus-like body that pulled itself forward with two arms and then slid.
Fresh Eyes
Project leader and MIT computer scientist Allan Zhao told ExtremeTech that RoboGrammer may not be able to design all the nuts and bolts of a complete robot, but it can give human engineers ideas for how to approach a certain robotics project from a new angle rather than building the same old design.
“When you think of building a robot that needs to cross various terrains, you immediately jump to a quadruped,” Zhao told the site.
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13-12-2020
Do ETs and UFOs found in Apache Indian cave paintings prove ancient ALIENS visited Earth?
Do ETs and UFOs found in Apache Indian cave paintings prove ancient ALIENS visited Earth?
Getty*YouTube
Can you see aliens and UFOs in this Native American rock art?
The theory says out of this world beings are depicted in ancient artwork across the globe including by the Egyptians, South Americans and Aborigines in Australia.
Some also claim that due to unanswered questions about how monuments like Stonehenge in Wiltshire, the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt, and a 1,000-year-old interlocking stone fortress outside the Inca capital of Cusco in Peru were built, they could have been aided by the advanced technology of visiting aliens.
In Peru, the 800 long and straight Nazca Lines, which feature 300 geometric shapes and 70 figures of animals, are another creation of wonder linked to ancient ETs.
Several American Indian tribes have also long referred to spiritual and friendly “star people” or “star beings” visiting their ancestors in flying craft and passing on their knowledge.
The Hopi, from Arizona, talk of “flying shields” in the third stage of the world.
They say we are currently in the fourth stage.
They also refer to “ant people”, that appear similar to the traditional image of an ET in rock carvings, who led their ancestors to safety.
The Zuni people from New Mexico talk of ancestors who came from the sky in their belief system.
A Native American cave drawing at Legends Rock in Wyoming, USA, is said by many to depict an alien-like figure.
The site contains more than 280 petroglyphs, some of which are thought to date back 10,000 years.
One UFO hunter posted online: “Have you see this stuff? What are they? Why would Native Americans be sticking in aliens and spaceships in their art of they hadn’t seen them… and they are not the only ones who did it if you look at the hieroglyphics and other stuff!!”
Another ancient drawing near Christina Lake in British Columbia, Canada, depicts a white disc with black wings hovering above four humans.
A rock painting at Cayuse Creek in Idaho shows a rocket-like object with smoke and flame trailing behind it and a humanoid figure inside the rocket.
And, cave paintings date as far as 5,000 BC in the Sego Canyon area of Utah by Anasazi and Fremont Native Americans show strange beings with large eyes and craniums, Dailystar.co.uk reports.
Richard Wagamese, of the Wabaseemoong First People in Ontario near the US-Canada border, said: “My people tell of Star People who came to us many generations ago.
“The Star People brought spiritual teachings and stories and maps of the cosmos and they offered these freely.
“They were kind, loving and set a great example.
“When they left us, my people say there was a loneliness like no other.”
Author Stephane Wuttunee, who is from the Cree first nations in Canada, said that growing up he often heard of distant relations and Star People living among the stars.
He said: “In all honesty, the only time I was exposed to aliens per se was when I would go to the outhouse and read the Weekly World News or National Enquirer.
“It wasn’t until my later teens that I discovered that people from the dominant cultures were talking about the same people as my elders did, though each side’s sense of perception of these people seemed radically different from one another.”
However, sceptics say that ancient art also includes depictions of dragons and other mythical creatures, and this does not mean they existed.
They also argue that humans were often depicted in weird and wonderful ways in rock and other historic art work.
Our understanding of Mars has been a true rollercoaster. Centuries ago, scholars thought Mars could host rivers and oceans like on Earth and maybe teeming with life. When the first observations came in from Galileo Galilei in 1610, astronomers discovered a planet with polar ice caps that was seemingly similar to Earth, so the hypothesis seemed to stand. But as we learned increasingly more, it became apparent that Mars isn’t exactly a lush planet.
Mars is barren nowadays, and while it may have been water-rich at some point in the past, that’s not really the case now. But there’s one more twist to the story: Mars really does have ice caps, and it does have some liquid water. Granted, that water is full of salts and buried beneath the surface, but it’s still liquid water.
According to a new study, this brine can be used to produce breathable air and fuel for Martian colonists — two valuable resources we would absolutely need on the Red Planet.
Some Martian layers are hiding pockets of water beneath the surface. This water may be used by astronomers to produce breathable air and fuel. Image credits: NASA/MRO.
The rovers we’ve sent to Mars don’t really need oxygen. They do just fine in the ultra-thin atmosphere of the planet, wandering around and doing experiments in freezing temperatures. But if we want to establish a colony (or more likely, a research base), we can’t really manage without oxygen.
In 2008, NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander came with some good news in that regard. It “tasted” the Martian water and upon analyzing it, found out how it manages to stay liquid on the freezing temperatures of Mars.
The key is something called perchlorate, a chemical compound containing chlorine and oxygen. Perchlorate is very stable in water, and its salts are very solluble — up to the point where they absorb and collect water vapor over time. As the perchlorate absorbs more water, it also dissolves into the water, substantially lowering its freezing temperature — this is how the water manages to remain liquid at temperatures way below the normal freezing point of water.
The European Space Agency’s Mars Express has found several such underground ponds of perchlorate brine and now, a new study reports that these pockets of liquid water could be used to produce valuable resources.
Of course, you can’t drink salty water. You also can’t use it for too many things. If you want to apply the electrolysis to break it down into oxygen (for breathing) and hydrogen (for fuel), you’d normally need to remove the salt — a very costly and complicated process in the harsh Martian environment. This is where the research team led by Vijay Ramani from the University of Connecticut comes in.
Typically, electrolysis requires purified water, but Ramani’s research team found a way to apply electrolysis efficiently to extract hydrogen and oxygen out of the brine simultaneously, without needing to also extract the perchlorate.
“Our Martian brine electrolyzer radically changes the logistical calculus of missions to Mars and beyond” said Ramani. “This technology is equally useful on Earth where it opens up the oceans as a viable oxygen and fuel source”
An outcrop of rocks on the surface of Mars.
Image credits: NASA.
They built a modular electrolysis system and tested it at -33 Fahrenheit (-36 Celsius), showing that it really does work. The fact that it’s modular means you can start a small operation on Mars (say, a small research base) and then build on it. Ironically, they were also able to use the salt in their favor.
“Paradoxically, the dissolved perchlorate in the water, so-called impurities, actually help in an environment like that of Mars,” said Shrihari Sankarasubramanian, a research scientist in Ramani’s group and joint first author of the paper.
“They prevent the water from freezing,” he said, “and also improve the performance of the electrolyzer system by lowering the electrical resistance.”
The results are so promising, researchers say, that they’re even considering using a similar technology here on Earth. For instance, submarines or deep-sea could make great use of this technology, potentially enabling us to explore uncharted environments in the deep ocean.
“Having demonstrated these electrolyzers under demanding Martian conditions, we intend to also deploy them under much milder conditions on Earth to utilize brackish or salt water feeds to produce hydrogen and oxygen, for example through seawater electrolysis,” said Pralay Gayen, a postdoctoral research associate in Ramani’s group and also a joint first author on this study.
NASA’s Perseverance rover, currently en-route to Mars, is also carrying some instruments that will allow it to produce oxygen from the Martian brine — but no hydrogen. Perseverance’s equipment is also 25 times less efficient than that designed in Ramani’s lab, but it will be a test for the technology and could perhaps offer new insights on how to apply the technology.
While a Martian base is probably pretty distant possibility, a lunar outpost is almost in sight. NASA has concrete plans to send humans back to the moon in this decade, and it wants to lay down infrastructure for a permanent research base. If this is successful, a Martian base might not be that far off.
The study “Fuel and oxygen harvesting from Martian regolithic brine” was published in PNAS.
We're as good as it gets: Intelligent life is extremely UNLIKELY to exist anywhere else in the universe because it took a series of miracles for humans to evolve, say scientists
We're as good as it gets: Intelligent life is extremely UNLIKELY to exist anywhere else in the universe because it took a series of miracles for humans to evolve, say scientists
Oxford researchers outline the various evolutionary steps to human existence
These steps take longer than a planet is actually habitable before its star dies
What's happened on Earth is unlikely typical of what happens on other planets
Statisticians say the evolution of intelligent life is 'exceptionally rare', and that human-like civilisations are extremely unlikely to exist on other planets.
In a new paper, Oxford researchers theorise that, for life to evolve in the same way elsewhere in the universe, it would take longer than the whole of Earth's projected lifespan.
Evolution on Earth from the Big Bang up until the current day has involved a series of what they call 'evolutionary transitions' that were helped by chance.
These include the emergence of primitive life from non-living matter (known as abiogenesis) and eukaryotic life (with cells that have a nucleus enclosed), the evolution of sexual reproduction, multicellularity, and intelligence itself.
If intelligent life does exist on other planets, it would need to have gone through a series of comparable evolutionary transitions.
Intelligent life in the Universe is exceptionally rare, assuming that intelligent life elsewhere requires analogous evolutionary transitions, scientist say. Pictured, an artists's impression of an Earth-like planet in another galaxy
The emergence of primitive life from non-living matter between 3.5 billion and 4.1 billion years ago.
Eukaryogenesis
Emergence of eukaryotic cells (those with cells that have a nucleus enclosed) around 1.8 billion years ago.
Evolution of sexual reproduction
Emergence of male and female cells, as indicated by fossils of red algae around 1.2 billion years ago.
Multicellularity
Emergence of organisms made up of more than one cell around 1 billion years ago.
Arrival of Homo sapiens
Evolved from earlier ape-like ancestors around 200,000 years ago
Intelligence
Oldest artwork discovered in caves dates back around 80,000 years.
Language
Studies of unique calls or 'phonemes' suggest human language evolved between 50,000 and 150,000 years ago.
The research draws on the Fermi paradox, which is the apparent contradiction between the lack of evidence for extra-terrestrial civilizations and various high estimates for their probability.
'It took approximately 4.5 billion years for a series of evolutionary transitions resulting in intelligent life to unfold on Earth,' the experts, from Oxford University's Future of Humanity Institute, say in their paper.
'In another billion years, the increasing luminosity of the Sun will make Earth uninhabitable for complex life.
'Together with the dispersed timing of key evolutionary transitions and plausible priors, one can conclude that the expected transition times likely exceed the lifetime of Earth, perhaps by many orders of magnitude.
'In turn, this suggests that intelligent life is likely to be exceptionally rare.'
The researchers used a special statistical technique called a 'Bayesian analysis' to determine the probability of events in Earth's history – a 'chain of multiple evolutionary transitions' – happening elsewhere.
'Our methods were basically statistics,' Dr Anders Sandberg at the Future of Humanity Institute told MailOnline.
'We made use of the assumption that what happened on Earth is typical for what happens on other planets – not the exact times, but that there are some tricky steps life needs to get through in sequence to produce intelligent observers.'
For example, eukaryotes – organisms with a nucleus – needed more than a billion years ago to emerge from their nucleus-less prokaryotic predecessors.
This was a far less probable event than the development of multicellular life, which is thought to have originated independently over 40 times in nature.
The fact that some transitions occurred only once in Earth's history suggests a remarkable stroke of luck that resulted in intelligent Earthlings today.
Eukaryotic life - with cells that have a nucleus enclosed - took over a billion years to emerge from prokaryotic precursors. Pictured, cell of a eukaryote
The team quote American evolutionary biologist Stephen Jay Gould, who said that if the 'tape of life' were to be rerun, 'the chance becomes vanishingly small that anything like human intelligence' would occur.
'What we added was a statistical approach that allows us to get estimates of just how unlikely the steps could be,' Dr Sandberg told MailOnline.
'We feed in data about when things happened on Earth and a guess of how many steps there were, and in return we get the most likely levels of difficulty.
'[These] turn out to indicate that, yes, we are an unlikely planet.'
Arriving at the opposite conclusion – that life in the universe isn't rare at all – would require evidence for much earlier transitions than the ones that occurred on Earth, or multiple instances of transitions.
The classic version of this argument stems from the work of Australian theoretical physicist Brandon Carter, who sought to explain why intelligent life emerged so late in Earth's history.
It is unknown how abundant extraterrestrial life is, or whether such life might be complex or intelligent
Earth is 4.5 billion years old and in another billion years, the increasing luminosity of the Sun will likely destroy Earth's ability to support complex life, due to increased surface temperatures.
But humans – including our human-like ape ancestors that walked on two legs – have only existed on Earth for about the last 6 million years.
Homo sapiens, meanwhile, arrived around 200,000 years ago.
'[Carter] pointed out that there is no reason to think the tricky steps on average may take much more time than planets remain habitable,' Dr Sandberg said.
'There might well be entirely different kinds of life and minds but they are likely as hard (or harder) to evolve than us.'
Dr Sandberg added that the new study fits into what one could call 'armchair astrobiology' as it deals with probabilities.
'Just because we got our results doesn't mean it is a waste of time to look at the actual universe,' he said.
'Data will always trump ever so careful reasoning and statistics.'
WHAT IS THE FERMI PARADOX?
The Fermi Paradox questions why, given the estimated 200bn-400bn stars and at least 100bn planets in our galaxy, there have been no signs of alien life.
The contradiction is named after its creator, Italian physicist Enrico Fermi.
He first posed the question back in 1950.
Fermi believed it was too extraordinary that a single extraterrestrial signal or engineering project has yet to be detected in the universe — despite its immense vastness.
Fermi concluded there must a barrier that limits the rise of intelligent, self-aware, technologically advanced space-colonising civilisations.
This barrier is sometimes referred to as the 'Great Filter'.
Italian physicist Enrico Fermi devised the so-called Fermi Paradox in the 1950s. It explores why there is no sign of alien life, despite the 100 billions planets in our galaxy
If the main obstacle preventing the colonisation of other planets is not in our past, then the barrier that will stop humanity's prospects of reaching other worlds must lie in our future, scientists have theorised.
Professor Brian Cox believes the advances in science and engineering required by a civilisation to start conquering the stars ultimately lead to its destruction.
He said: 'One solution to the Fermi paradox is that it is not possible to run a world that has the power to destroy itself and that needs global collaborative solutions to prevent that.
‘It may be that the growth of science and engineering inevitably outstrips the development of political expertise, leading to disaster.'
Other possible explanations for the Fermi Paradox include that no other intelligent species have arisen in the universe, intelligent alien species are out there — but lack the necessary technology to communicate with Earth.
Some believe that the distances between intelligent civilsations are too great to allow any kind of two-way communication.
If two worlds are separated by several thousand light-years, it's possible that one or both civilisation will be extinct before a dialogue can be established.
The so-called Zoo hypothesis claims intelligent alien life is out there, but deliberately avoids any contact with life on Earth to allow its natural evolution.
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Enormous Ancient Building Identified Beneath Monte Albán’s Main Plaza
Monte Albán, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Source: WitR /Adobe Stock
Enormous Ancient Building Identified Beneath Monte Albán’s Main Plaza
Researchers in Mexico have discovered a vast ancient building buried beneath the Main Plaza at the ancient capital of Monte Albán.
Monte Albán is a large pre-Columbian archaeological site located in the Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán Municipality, in the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca, approximately 9 km (5.59 miles) west of Oaxaca City. Representing one of the first developed cities in pre-Hispanic Mexico, this expansive civic-ceremonial center was situated on top of an artificially levelled ridge about 1,940 meters (6,364 ft.) above mean sea level and it rises 400 meters (1,312 ft.) from the valley floor.
Over the years, archaeologists have unearthed hundreds of artificial terraces and dozens of mounds concealing lost architecture that completely covered the entire ridgeline. Now, buried beneath the surface of Monte Albán’s Main Plaza researchers from the University of Oklahoma recently scanned and identified a hitherto unknown ritualistic building.
Monte Albán was founded in 500 BC and became a powerful regional capital with many impressive stone buildings featuring a highly developed artistic style and written language system. The Main Plaza at Monte Albán was built, expanded upon, and remodeled over 1,000 years - before the site’s eventual demise around 850 AD. The ancient metropolis was partially excavated in the 1930s and the newly discovered building is similar to the temples discovered back then, which evidence suggested were used ritually, for burning incense , making offerings, and bloodletting.
This new discovery was made by Dr. Marc Levine, assistant curator of archaeology at the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and assistant professor in the Department of Anthropology, College of Arts and Sciences . Using ground-penetrating radar, electrical resistance, and gradiometry to locate the structure, the researcher told KFOR that everything at this site “is deeply symbolic.” Furthermore, the intrepid explorer added that this new discovery “changes our understanding of the history of the Main Plaza and how it was organized and used.”
A Site Worth its Weight in Gold, Culturally
For almost a century, researchers have studied and investigated many of the stone buildings located around the Main Plaza at Monte Albán, which is deemed so important to modern Mexican culture that the site is featured on the country’s 20 peso note. However, the actual plaza itself has now been analyzed. Professor Levine says that to put the building in context we can look towards the “National Mall in Washington, D.C.” What he means by this is that every monument and every building on that mall has “a significance and was thought over, carefully planned and oriented in a certain way.” And the same goes for Monte Albán, according to the researcher.
To lift the lost building from its time capsule the OU team used drones to digitally map the entirety of Monte Albán’s Main Plaza and its surrounding structures and high resolution 3-D images revealed the sizes of all of the buried buildings. Levine estimates his team will spend the next two years analyzing all of their data to complete their study of the plaza. Their ultimate goal is to calculate how much work was involved in creating the site.
Ancient Mexican Vs Egyptian Pyramids
Since the creation of Lidar scanning technology, Mexico’s ancient secrets have been slowly revealed. For example, in July this year, the Guardian announced a mind blowing discovery at Aguada Fénix , near the Guatemalan border in Mexico’s Tabasco state. Scientists using an aerial remote-sensing method “discovered the largest and oldest-known structure built by the ancient Maya civilization – a colossal rectangular elevated platform built between 1000 and 800 BC.” Unlike Mexico’s other pyramids , this one was constructed with clay and earth, but like all of them, it was used for mass public rituals.
This massive ancient structure measures 1,400 meters, almost a mile long, by 400 meters (a quarter-mile) wide, it stood 10 to 15 meters (33 to 50 ft.) high, and it is estimated that its total volume exceeded ancient Egypt’s Great Pyramid of Giza . Egypt's Great Pyramid of Giza was built 1,500 years earlier and as such it has become the outright winner so far as the most talked about pyramid in the world, but it isn't the biggest pyramid by a long shot.
The greatest of all Great Pyramids is the Great Pyramid of Cholula , an ancient Aztec temple in Puebla, Mexico, with a base four times larger than Giza's, and nearly twice the volume. What we can derive from the size and number of the Mexican pyramids is, if the building of pyramids was indeed an act of prestige by powerful, semi-divine rulers, than the regality and control held by kings in Mexico made the Pharaohs of Egypt look like mere landlords.
Runaway stars may create the mysterious ultraviolet glow around some galaxies
Runaway stars may create the mysterious ultraviolet glow around some galaxies
The bright, young stars are located in regions where gas is too tenuous for new stars to form
M83, a barred spiral galaxy located 15 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Hydra, emits ultraviolet light well beyond its visible disk of stars (seen here), in places where the hot young stars that produce such radiation shouldn’t form.
Hot blue stars kicked out of their cradles may explain a mysterious ultraviolet glow that surrounds the disks of many spiral galaxies.
A new computer simulation demonstrates that these runaway stars can populate the vast expanses beyond a galaxy’s visible disk (SN: 3/23/20). These distant regions have gas that is too warm and tenuous to make new stars, yet young stars nevertheless exist there.
“It’s a big problem for classical star formation theory,” says Eric Andersson, an astrophysicist at Lund Observatory in Sweden.
The mystery of the far-flung young stars has persisted for some time. In 2003, NASA launched the Galaxy Evolution Explorer space telescope, which surprised astronomers by discovering diffuse far-ultraviolet light in the hinterlands of nearby spiral and irregular galaxies (SN: 2/15/05). Unlike ordinary ultraviolet radiation, far-ultraviolet light has such a short wavelength that most of it doesn’t penetrate the Earth’s atmosphere.
Stars that emit profuse amounts of this energetic radiation are hot, blue and usually much more massive than the sun. These stars don’t live long, so they must have formed recently. But the gas on the galactic outskirts isn’t cold and dense enough to collapse and create new stars.
Andersson and his colleagues propose a solution to the paradox: Many of these far-out far-ultraviolet-emitting stars weren’t born where they are now. Instead, they arose closer to the galaxy’s center and ran away from their homes.
The researchers conducted a computer simulation to model the motion of massive stars in a spiral galaxy. Some of the runaway stars in the simulation dart across thousands of light-years of space to take up residence beyond the visible edge of the galaxy’s disk, thereby explaining the far-ultraviolet light there, the researchers report online at arXiv.org on October 22.
The Milky Way has many of these runaway stars. A star can become a runaway when other massive stars fling it away through their gravity. Or, if the star orbits close to a massive star that explodes, the surviving star races away at the same speed it had been dashing around its companion. Most runaway stars are hot and blue, radiating just the type of far-ultraviolet light seen beyond the visible edges of galactic disks.
Mark Krumholz, an astronomer at the Australian National University in Canberra, calls the idea “a plausible explanation.” He also offers a way to test it: by exploiting the properties of different types of massive stars.
The rarest and most massive blue stars are so hot they ionize hydrogen gas, causing it to emit red light as electrons settle back into position around protons. But these very massive stars don’t live long, so any that reside on a galaxy’s outskirts must have been born there. After all, the stars didn’t have time to travel from elsewhere in the galaxy during their brief lives.
In contrast, less massive blue stars live longer and therefore could have reached the galactic periphery from elsewhere during their lifetimes. If the ratio of far-ultraviolet light to red light from ionized gas is much greater beyond the galaxy’s visible edge than in its disk, Krumholz says, that would suggest much of the far-ultraviolet glow in the exurbs does indeed come from runaway stars.
Betelgeuse went dark, but didn’t go supernova. What happened?
Betelgeuse went dark, but didn’t go supernova. What happened?
The bright star’s great dimming may have been a big dust burp
What look like dramatic flames are actually clouds of dust surrounding the red supergiant star Betelgeuse, as photographed in infrared light by the Very Large Telescope in Chile. The black disk blocks the star’s bright light to allow the dust plumes to show. Betelgeuse itself, photographed by the SPHERE instrument in Chile, is superimposed in the center of the black disk.
Astrophysicist Miguel Montargès has a clear memory of the moment the stars became real places to him. He was 7 or 8 years old, looking up from the garden of his parents’ apartment in the south of France. A huge, red star winked in the night. The young space fan connected the star to a map he had studied in an astronomy magazine and realized he knew its name: Betelgeuse.
Something shifted for him. That star was no longer an anonymous speck floating in a vast uncharted sea. It was a destination, with a name.
“I thought, wow, for the first time … I can name a star,” he says. The realization was life-changing.
Since then, Montargès, now at the Paris Observatory, has written his Ph.D. thesis and about a dozen papers about Betelgeuse. He considers the star an old friend, observing it many times a year, for work and for fun. He says good-bye every May when the star slips behind the sun from the perspective of Earth, and says hello again in August when the star comes back.
So in late 2019, when the bright star suddenly dimmed for no apparent reason, Montargès was a little alarmed. Some people speculated that Betelgeuse was about to explode in a brilliant supernova that would outshine the full moon. Astronomers know the star is old and its days are numbered, but Montargès wasn’t ready to see it go.
“It’s my favorite star,” he says. “I don’t want it to die.”
Other researchers, though, were eager to watch Betelgeuse explode in real time. Supernovas mark the violent deaths of stars that are at least eight times as massive as the sun (SN: 11/7/20, p. 20). But astronomers still don’t know what would signal that one is about to blow. The outbursts sprinkle interstellar space with elements that ultimately form the bulk of planets and people — carbon, oxygen, iron (SN: 2/18/17, p. 24). So the question of how supernovas occur is a question of our own origins.
A bit dim
The SPHERE instrument in Chile took images of Betelgeuse in January (top) and December (bottom) 2019. The December image shows a dark splotch, a dimming, over Betelgeuse’s southern hemisphere.
January 2019
ESO, M. MONTARGÈS ET AL
December 2019
ESO, M. MONTARGÈS ET AL
But the explosions are rare — astronomers estimate that one occurs in our galaxy just a few times a century. The last one spotted nearby, SN 1987A, was more than 33 years ago in a neighboring galaxy (SN: 2/18/17, p. 20). Betelgeuse is just one of the many aging, massive stars — called red supergiants — that could go supernova at any moment. But as one of the closest and brightest, Betelgeuse is the one that space enthusiasts know best.
So when the star started acting strangely at the end of last year, Montargès and a small band of Betelgeuse diehards aimed every telescope they could at the dimming giant. Over the following months, the star returned to its usual brightness, and the excitement over an imminent supernova faded. But the flurry of data collected in the rush to figure out what was happening might help answer a different long-standing question: How do massive, old stars send their planet-building star stuff into the cosmos even before they explode?
Orion’s shoulder
If you’ve looked up at the stars during winter in the Northern Hemisphere, you’ve probably seen Betelgeuse, whether you realized it or not. The star is the second brightest in the constellation Orion, marking the hunter’s left shoulder from our perspective.
And it’s huge. Estimates for Betelgeuse’s vital statistics vary, but if it sat at the center of our solar system, the star would fill much of the space between the sun and Jupiter. At about 15 to 20 times as massive as the sun, somewhere between 750 and 1,000 times its diameter and just about 550 light-years from Earth, Betelgeuse is typically between the sixth- and seventh-brightest star in the sky.
Betelgeuse’s brightness varies, even under normal circumstances. Its outer layers are a bubbling cauldron of hot gas and plasma. As hot material rises to the surface, the star brightens; as material falls toward the core, the star dims. That convection cycle puts Betelgeuse on a semiregular dimmer switch that fluctuates roughly every 400 days or so. The star’s brightness also varies about every six years, though astronomers don’t know why.
Big deal
Betelgeuse is the left shoulder of the Orion constellation (left). The star’s first portrait, made with the Hubble Space Telescope in 1996, took some doing. Hubble’s operators worried that the bright star would fry the telescope’s detectors. So astrophysicist Andrea Dupree had to use every filter Hubble had — “like wearing four sets of sunglasses,” she says. “There was nothing. Black. No light got through.” Only by taking off the sunglasses could she finally see the massive star, with a diameter that rivals the width of Jupiter’s orbit.
A. DUPREE/HARVARD & SMITHSONIAN’S CENTER FOR ASTROPHYSICS, R. GILLILAND/STSCI, NASA, ESA
What they do know is that Betelgeuse is running out of time. It’s less than 10 million years old, a youngster compared with the roughly 4.6-billion–year-old sun. But because Betelgeuse is so massive and burns through its fuel so quickly, it’s already in the final life stage of a red supergiant. Someday in the not too distant future, the star won’t be able to support its own weight — it will collapse in on itself and rebound in a supernova.
“We know one day it’s going to die and explode,” says Emily Levesque, an astrophysicist at the University of Washington in Seattle. But no one knows when. “In astronomical terms, ‘one day’ means sometime in the next 200,000 years.”
In October 2019, Betelgeuse started dimming, which wasn’t too strange in and of itself. The change fit within the normal 400ish-day cycle, says astronomer Edward Guinan of Villanova University in Pennsylvania, who has been tracking Betelgeuse’s cycles of brightness since the 1980s.
But by Christmas, Betelgeuse was the dimmest it had been in the 100-plus years that astronomers have measured it. And the dimming continued all the way through February.
Guinan was one of the first to sound the alarm. On December 7, and again on December 23, he and colleagues posted a bulletin on The Astronomer’s Telegram website announcing the star’s “fainting” and encouraging fellow astronomers to take a look.
There was no reason to think that the dimming was a harbinger of a supernova. “I never said it was going to be one,” Guinan says. But because these explosions are so rare, astronomers don’t know what the signals of an imminent supernova are. Dimming could be one of them.
That report of odd behavior was all astronomers and amateur space enthusiasts needed to hear. Online, the story caught fire.
“On Twitter, it was hysterical,” says Andrea Dupree, an astrophysicist at the Harvard & Smithsonian’s Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Mass. She recalls seeing one tweet suggesting that the explosion was going to happen that night, with the hashtag #HIDE. “Where am I going to hide? Under my desk?” (When Betelgeuse finally explodes, it probably won’t hurt life on Earth — it’s a safe distance away.)
Living large
After millions of years, stars that are between eight and 30 times the sun’s mass evolve into yellow supergiants, spend a few thousand years as such, then become red supergiants like Betelgeuse. Ultimately these stars explode violently as supernovas. The images above are not to scale.
C. CHANG;SOURCES: KATHRYN NEUGENT/UNIV. OF WASHINGTON; S. EKSTRӦM ET AL/ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS 2012
Most astronomers didn’t really believe that Betelgeuse’s end was nigh, even as they rushed to schedule telescope time. But some got caught up in the excitement.
“I don’t expect it to blow,” Guinan recalls thinking. “But I don’t want to blink.” He signed up for phone alerts from telescopes that detect invisible particles called neutrinos and ripples in spacetime called gravitational waves. A detection of either one might be an early sign of a supernova. He found himself outside at 1 a.m. in January after a report of gravitational waves from the direction of Orion. “It was cloudy, but I thought I might see a brightening,” he says. “I’ve gotten crazy about it.”
Others were believers too, until their data cast doubt on the notion.
“I thought it might,” says astrophysicist Thavisha Dharmawardena of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Heidelberg, Germany. “We knew there were other explanations, and we might have to look into it. But we know Betelgeuse is an old star, close to the end of its life. It was exciting.”
Two camps
Once the star started returning to its usual brightness in mid-February, talk of an imminent supernova faded. A paper published in the Oct. 10 Astrophysical Journal boosted confidence in Betelgeuse’s longevity, suggesting that the star is just at the beginning of its old age and has at least 100,000 years to go before it explodes. But what was it up to, if it was not on the verge of exploding?
As results from telescopes all over the world and in space flooded in, most astronomers have fallen into two camps. One says Betelgeuse’s dimming was caused by a cloud of dust coughed out by the star itself, blocking its glow. The other camp isn’t sure what the explanation is, but says “no” to the dust speculation.
One explanation for why Betelgeuse went dark in 2019 is that the star sneezed out a burst of gas and dust (illustrated, left), which condensed into a dark cloud. That cloud blocked the star’s face from the perspective of Earth (right).NASA, ESA, E. WHEATLEY/STSCI
If the dust theory proves true, it could have profound implications for the origins of complex chemistry, planets and even life in the universe. Red supergiants are surrounded by diffuse clouds of gas and dust that are full of elements that are forged only in stars — and those clouds form before the star explodes. Even before they die, supergiants seem to bequeath material to the next generation of stars.
“The carbon, oxygen in our body, it’s coming from there — from the supernova and from the clouds around dying stars,” Montargès says. But it’s not clear how those elements escape the stars in the first place. “We have no idea,” he says.
Montargès hoped studying Betelgeuse’s dimming would let scientists see that process in action.
In December 2019, he and colleagues took an image of Betelgeuse in visible light with the SPHERE instrument on the Very Large Telescope in Chile. That image showed that, yes, Betelgeuse was much dimmer than it had been 11 months earlier — but only the star’s bottom half. Perhaps an asymmetrical dust cloud was to blame.
Observations from February 15, 2020, seem to support that idea (SN: 4/11/20, p. 6). Levesque and Philip Massey of the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Ariz., compared the February observations with similar ones from 2004. The star’s temperature hadn’t dropped as much as would be expected if the dimming was from something intrinsic to the star, like its convection cycles, the pair reported in the March 10 Astrophysical Journal Letters.
That left dust as a reasonable explanation. “We know Betelgeuse sheds mass and produces dust around itself,” Levesque says. “Dust could have come toward us, cooled and temporarily blocked the light.”
Dark cloud
A strong vote for dust came from Dupree, who was watching Betelgeuse with the Hubble Space Telescope. Like Guinan, she has a decades-long relationship with Betelgeuse. In 1996, she and colleague Ronald Gilliland looked at Betelgeuse with Hubble to make the first real image of any star other than the sun. Most stars are too far and too faint to show up as anything but a point. Betelgeuse is one of the few stars whose surface can be seen as a two-dimensional disk — a real place.
By the end of 2019, Dupree was observing Betelgeuse with Hubble several times a year. She had assembled an international team of researchers she calls the MOB, for Months of Betelgeuse, to observe the star frequently in a variety of wavelengths of light.
Yo-yo
In late 2019, Betelgeuse started dimming (V curve, right) more than its normal up and down (V curve, left). The blue and green dots are brightness measurements from ground-based observatories.Betelgeuse brightness measurements, 2019-2020
A.K. DUPREE ET AL/ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL 2020
The goal was the same as Montargès’: to answer fundamental questions about how Betelgeuse, and perhaps other red supergiants, lose material. The MOB had baseline observations from before the dimming and already had Hubble time scheduled to track the star’s brightness cycles.
Those observations showed that in January and March 2019, Betelgeuse looked “perfectly normal,” Dupree says. But from September through November, just before the dimming event, the star gave out more ultraviolet light — up to four or five times its usual UV brightness — over its southern hemisphere.
The temperature and electron density in that region went up, too. And material seemed to be moving outward, away from the star and toward Earth.
Dupree and colleagues’ theory of what happened, reported in the Aug. 10 Astrophysical Journal, is that one of the giant bubbles of hot plasma always churning in the star’s outer layers rose to the edge of the star’s atmosphere and escaped, sending huge amounts of material flowing into interstellar space. That could be one way that red supergiants shed material before exploding.
Once it had fled the star, that hot stuff cooled, condensed into dust and floated in front of Betelgeuse for several months. As the dust cleared, Betelgeuse appeared brighter again.
“It seems to us that what we saw with the ultraviolet is kind of the smoking gun,” Dupree says. “This material moved on out, condensed and formed this dark, dark dust cloud.”
Paul Hertz, director of NASA’s astrophysics division, shared the Hubble results in a NASA online town hall meeting on September 10 as if it were the final answer. “Mystery solved,” he said. “Not gonna supernova anytime soon.”
Cycles and spots
Maybe not — but that doesn’t mean dust explains the dimming.
In the July 1 Astrophysical Journal Letters, Dharmawardena and colleagues published observations of Betelgeuse that ran counter to the dust explanation. Her team used the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope in Hawaii in January, February and March to look at Betelgeuse in submillimeter wavelengths of light. “If we think it’s a dust cloud, the submillimeter is the perfect wavelength to look at,” she says.
Dust should have made Betelgeuse look brighter in those wavelengths, as floating grains absorbed and reemitted starlight. But it didn’t. If anything, the star dimmed slightly. “Our first thought was that we’d done something wrong — everyone in the community expected it to be dust,” she says. But “the fact that it didn’t increase or stay constant in the submillimeter was pretty much a dead giveaway that it’s not dust.”
Instead, Guinan thinks the dimming may have been part of Betelgeuse’s natural convection cycle. The star’s outer atmosphere constantly pulsates and “breathes” in and out as enormous bubbles of hot plasma rise to the surface and sink down again. “It’s driven by the internal core of the star,” he says. “You have hot blobs rising up, they cool, they get more dense, they fall back.”
Multiple cycles syncing up could explain why the 2019 dimming was so extreme. Guinan and colleagues analyzed about 180 years of observations of Betelgeuse, dating back to astronomer John Herschel’s 1839 discovery that the star’s brightness varies. Guinan’s group found that, in addition to the roughly six-year and 400-day cycles, Betelgeuse might have a third, smaller cycle of about 187 days. It looks like all three cycles might have hit their brightness nadirs at the same time in late 2019, Guinan says.
Or maybe the darkness in the southern hemisphere that Montargès’ team saw with SPHERE was an enormous star spot, Dharmawardena offers. In the sun’s case, those dark splotches, called sunspots, mark the sites of magnetic activity on the surface. Betelgeuse is one of a handful of stars on which star spots have been directly seen.
But to cause Betelgeuse’s dimming, a star spot would have to be enormous. Typical star spots cover about 20 to 30 percent of a star’s surface, Dharmawardena says. This one would need to cover at least half, maybe up to 70 percent.
“That’s rare,” Dharmawardena admits. “But so is this kind of dimming.”
Pandemic disruptions
Analyses are still coming in. But just as Betelgeuse was returning to its normal brightness, the COVID-19 pandemic hit.
“We were hoping to have a lot more data,” Dharmawardena says.
A few observations came in right under the wire. The SOFIA observations were made on one of the last flights before the pandemic grounded the plane that carries the telescope. And Montargès took another look with SPHERE just days before its observatory shut down in mid-March.
In mid-July 2020, astronomers announced that STEREO, a sun-watching spacecraft, had seen signs that the star Betelgeuse was beginning to dim yet again.HI/STEREO/NASA
But one of Montargès’ most hoped-for results may never come. Eager to solve the dust versus not-dust mystery, his plan was to combine two kinds of observations: making a 2-D picture of the whole star’s disk, like Dupree did with Hubble in the ’90s, but in longer wavelengths such as infrared or submillimeter, like Dharmawardena’s images from early 2020. That way, you could differentiate the dust from the star, he reasoned.
Only one observatory can do both at once: the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, or ALMA, in Chile. Montargès had planned to ask to observe Betelgeuse with ALMA in June and July, when the winter skies in the Southern Hemisphere are most free of turbulence. But ALMA closed in March and was still closed in September.
“When I realized ALMA will not get the time in June, I thought … we are never going to solve it,” he says. “We may never be completely certain, because of COVID.”
Any other star
Montargès and his colleagues have submitted their analysis of the SPHERE pictures from March for publication. Though he’s not yet willing to share the results, he thinks they could pull the two camps together.
Ultimately, if Betelgeuse did cough out a cloud of dust last year, it could teach us about the origins of life in the universe, Montargès says. If the dust camp is even partially right, Betelgeuse’s dimming may have been the first time humans have watched the seeds of life being launched into the cosmos.
In the meantime, he’s relieved to see his favorite star shining bright again. “I must admit that since [last] December, since this whole stuff started, every time I see it, I am like, phew, it’s still there,” he says.
People keep asking him if he would like Betelgeuse to go supernova so he can study it. “I would like another star to go supernova,” he says. “Antares, I don’t care about it; it can explode anytime. But not Betelgeuse.”
A forest in Mexico. The United Arab Emirates. The Dominican Republic. And now, Thessaloniki, Greece. All places where mysterious UFOs have been spotted and filmed over the past three-plus weeks.
It looks like the aliens have not only decided that camouflaging their crafts is not as big a priority as it used to be, they have also started to expand their areas of inspection as Greece is becoming a more prominent UFO hotspot of late.
This latest UFO sighting took place in August and the video was uploaded to the internet by YouTuber GREEK POWER.
It was later brought to the attention of prominent UFO and alien expert Scott Waring who enhanced the video and discussed the sighting on his website.
Watch this video and you will see a huge flashing UFO over the ancient city of Thessaloniki, Greece.
The city was founded over 2335 years ago in 315 BC.
That makes this area a very important location since aliens can monitor the human inhabitants over a long time period and make accurate predictions of the future of the city.
This glowing light looks similar to the one seen a back in 2011 over Dome of Rock (Holy temple) in Jerusalem in which thousands saw the UFO and recorded it. This…is the same UFO.
Here’s the footage that was recorded in Greece back in August…
And here’s a report on the UFO sighting, filmed from multiple angles, that made news in Jerusalem back in 2011.
“This thing is showing up everywhere I’m getting scared,” wrote one viewer on the Greece video.
“There’s one in Melbourne too,” commented another.
It won’t be long now and the truth will be told, because…
A video currently making the rounds on the web appears to show an unidentified flying object diving headlong into the smoldering caldera of a Mexican volcano.
Popocatepetl, an active volcano in the Puebla state of southern Mexico, was being recorded by media company
Televisa the evening of May 30 when a light-emitting and fast-flying object appeared to make a quick left turn in order to fly directly into the top of the erupting mountain.
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Hot air? Footage taken May 30 of an active Mexican volcano appears to show an unidentified, rapidly flying object fly directly into the smoldering caldera
And this isn’t the first time video footage has shown suspicious activity near Popocatepetl.
In November, footage—also from Televisa—showed a cigar shaped object appear to take a nose dive directly into the 18,000 foot volcano 40 miles south of Mexico city.
The latest video appears to be something a lot more aircraft-like, however. The object seems to make a conscious decision to quickly slow down and plunge into the smoky-filled hole.
The Huffington Post reached out to a U.S. government contractor who also runs a UFO website to get his take on the May 30 footage.
Maneuverable: The brightly lit object starts from far off, but veers quickly, and perhaps even purposefully into the fiery depths after slowly down in a blink of an eye
‘What I think is that this is not a likely fake. I think, for the moment, this is a genuine image capture,’ said Marc Dantonio. ‘This is a low light camera (which) allows the volcanologists studying the footage to see any incandescence on the flank of the volcano in night shots. As such, any brighter lights that are captured will appear very bright, as the one planet/star indicates.’
Myth? Mexico's Popocatepetl volcano lies 40 miles south of Mexico City and is very active. It is named for a man of Aztec legend who became an angry volcano after losing his love
But that doesn’t mean the video analysts believes this is a true UFO sighting. He told Huffpo the appearance of the object veering into the volcano is just a trick of perspective.
‘I am leaning toward the object being a captured commercial jet passing through the field of view,’ he said.
As for the 2012, cigar UFO, Dantonio said that one, at least, may have actually come from outer space.
‘It is a particularly brilliant meteor and likely was moving much more slowly than typical meteors. In my view,’ he said, ‘it meets all the criteria.’
For those still holding out hope, a 24-hour webcam monitors Popocatepetl, allowing any couch conspiracy theorist to observe the mysterious mountain and watch for phenomenal occurrences from the comfort of their own home.
Tourist spot? Popocatépetl has been the site of UFO sightings before. In 2012, video appeared to show a cigar-shaped object making a similar nosedive into the crater
The Nephilim: Giant Offspring of the Sons of God and the Daughters of Man?
The Nephilim: Giant Offspring of the Sons of God and the Daughters of Man?
Who were the nephilim? The word nephilim appears twice in the Old Testament of the Bible. They are first mentioned in chapter 6 of the book of Genesis and then again in Number 13:33. But their brief mention in the Bible has led to an ongoing debate as to who or what the nephilim were.
Much of this debate stems from the passage in the Bible that states:
When people began to multiply on the face of the ground, and daughters were born to them, the sons of God saw that they were fair; and they took wives for themselves of all that they chose. The Nephilim were on the earth in those days - and also afterward - when the sons of God went in to the daughters of man, who bore children to them. These were the heroes that were of old, warriors of renown.
Genesis 6: 1-4
The Sons of God Saw the Daughters of Men That They Were Fair (1923) by Daniel Chester French. Corcoran Gallery of Art.
The traditional definition of Nephilim is giant. Some dictionaries describe the nephilim as being giants who also possess super human strength. The Greek Septuagint, an ancient translation of the Hebrew Bible , refers to them as gigantes, which actually means "earth -born," a concept we will be coming back to as we continue.
It is believed that the word Nephilim comes from the root word "Naphal" which means to fall. In biblical circles this definition has quickly put the Nephilim into the role of the children of the fallen angels . The word Naphal, however, is never directly associated with the concept of fallen angels. Its meaning in context is more closely associated with the idea of lying prostrate or of prostrating oneself. There are also ties in this word to the concept of failure, falling short, or being cast down.
Over the years a mythos has developed around the concept of the nephilim. It alleges that these giants were the offspring of the "Sons of God" and the "Daughters of Man". Are the nephilim the children of the untoward relationship?
The connection between the biblical text and this claim, although commonly pointed to as the basis of this belief, is unfounded. The document in which we find statements that support this claim actually comes from the apocryphal Book of Jubiliees :
And it came to pass when the children of men began to multiply on the face of the earth and daughters were born unto them, that the angels of God saw them on a certain year of this jubilee, that they were beautiful to look upon; and they took themselves wives of all whom they chose, and they bare unto them sons and they were giants.
The Book of Jubilees - Chapter V: 1
Is the claim that the nephilim were the offspring of the sons of god and the daughters of men supported by sources outside the Judeo-Christian tradition? In other words, does mythology worldwide support this belief?
The Sons of God Saw the Daughters of Men That They Were Fair, by Maurice Greiffenhagen.
The notion of giants roaming the earth can be found in cultures worldwide. Greek mythology tells us that the Titan Cronus castrated his father Uranus in order to gain control of the Greek pantheon . It is from the blood of the castrated Uranus that fell upon the earth that the giants, the "earth-born", were created.
The Earth-born, when compared to us, were giants. The giants, lived under the rule of Cronos during the golden age, in a time that was free from sorrow or care and everyone lived happy and joyous lives.
It was only after Cronos' son Zeus fought for control of both the heavens and the earth that everything changed. In his new role, Zeus, according to Greek myth, put the giants to work. It was just a matter of time before the giants started ignoring the god's mandates.
Bell krater depicting Zeus fighting against the giant Porphyrion.
They were no longer prostrating themselves to the will of the gods. Their lack of complete servitude and their failure to comply with the god’s demands incited the "children of god" into a full blown rebellion against the heavenly gods. Heavy losses were taken on both sides, but their revolution was finally suppressed by the gods.
A truce was declared. As part of their reparations to the giants it was decided to create a new race to handle the burdens that were cast upon the giants - man.
Padraic Column in his book entitled Orpheus, Myths of the World , relates this tale about the creation of man : Aztec legend recounts how the Earth-mother, Citlalicue, gave birth to a flint knife. When the knife was flung down onto the Earth, it was transformed into sixteen hundred "earth-gods." (Is there connection between the flint knife, flung down by Citlalicue, and the sickle used by Cronus to castrate his father?)
These newly formed earth-gods lived as men and women and labored in search of food. After some time, the Earth-gods began to think that this work was below their station. They were, after all, the children of the Sky-father and Earth-mother. They asked their mother Citlalicue to make a race who would serve them and bear the burdens they faced. With the help of Citlalicue, mankind was created .
‘A group of natives in the central highlands of Mexico, capturing and putting to death a giant.’
Based upon these mythological traditions it seems clear that the earth-born giants, the nephilim, existed long before man first inhabited the earth. Thus when you read the line "The Nephilim were on the earth in those days - and also afterward" it seems clear from this perspective that the authors were not being vague. Instead they were just making a statement of fact - that the Nephilim, the earth-born, were on the earth at that time.
The Offspring of the Sons of God and the Daughters of Man
So who were the offspring of the sons of god and the daughters of man? The Hebrew Bible refers to them as gibborim. The inferred meaning of this word is men of great stature, heroes, men who are valiant or brave.
The Greek Septuagint identifies them as the renominati or men or renown. In Greek mythology the gods have a long history of having relations with humans. The names of some of these "demi-gods", or semi-human individuals, whose names have withstood the tests of time include were Hercules, Perseus, and Achilles. In India they are called Hanuman and Garuda and in Sumer Gilgamesh and Adapa.
Interestingly, a parallel myth to this biblical narrative does exist. It comes to us from the pages of the Hindu epic the Ramayana. The Ramayana is the epic tale of Rama, the 7th avatar of the supreme god Vishnu.
Rama lived during the Treta Yuga. It was an age where the world was filled with giants. Around the same time as Rama's birth, the supreme god Vishnu, knowing what was in store for him, requested that all of the gods descend to the earth and mate with the apes and the bears. This request was made in order to, when the time was right, provide Rama with an army he could use to help him conquer Ravana - the giant demon king of Lanka.
The offspring of these unions obtained an array of impressive skills from their divine parents. The mighty Sugríva was the ruler of the vanara, the ape-men. His father was Surya, the chief solar deity. The demi-god Hanúmán was the son of the wind god and is described as being able to travel very fast, while Nala was the son of the god of building and construction and is the vanara that helps Rama to build a bridge from mainland India to Lanka.
These thousands did the Gods create Endowed with might that none could mate, In monkey forms that changed at will; So strong their wish the fiend to kill.
Are the nephelim the offspring of the sons of god and the daughters of man? No. They were the race of earth-born giants who lived before the creation of man . They are the group who revolted against the gods in antiquity.
They are also the ones responsible for the creation of mankind. Additionally, based upon the references that come to us from the Ramayana, it does seem clear the when the gods mated with "ape-men" their offspring were men of renown, heroes, or individuals who are valiant or brave.
Top Image:‘Norandino and Lucina Discovered by the Ogre’ (1624) by Giovanni Lanfranco. Source: Public Domain
False-color image of Mount Sharp inside Gale crater on Mars. The sky was modified to appear blue so that geologists could identify stratification layers more easily. Credit: NASA/JPL.
Mars is barren and inhospitable today but billions of years ago the red planet had water and a very dynamic global weather system. We know that the planet was once home to oceans of water and river systems. Now, according to a new study, Mars may have once even been subjected to powerful megafloods.
Around four billion years ago, an asteroid impact melted ice stored on the Martian surface, triggering a cascade of effects that may have unleashed gigantic megafloods. Although the water is now long gone, signs of the floods’ are still on Mars in the form of megaripples, also known as antidunes.
“We identified megafloods for the first time using detailed sedimentological data observed by the rover Curiosity,” said co-author Alberto G. Fairén, a visiting astrobiologist in the College of Arts and Sciences at Cornell University. “Deposits left behind by megafloods had not been previously identified with orbiter data.”
Just like on Earth, present-day geological features on Mars bear the marks of the passage of water and wind, whose touches have been frozen in time.
These include megaripples at Gale crater — wave-shaped features etched in the sedimentary layer that can reach up to 9 meters (30 feet) in height spaced 135 meters (145 feet) apart.
According to the researchers at Cornell, these ripples are almost identical to those formed on Earth by the melting of ice about two million years ago.
Four billion years ago a large impact generated copious amounts of carbon dioxide and methane — both powerful greenhouse gases — that heated the climate, ultimately melting Mars’ reservoirs of ice. The water vapour trapped heat in the atmosphere even more, causing the red planet to undergo a brief period of warm and wet conditions.
Water vapor clouds formed through condensation likely unleashed a planetary-level torrential rain. Some of the water fell on Gale Crater, then combined with water flowing downhill from Mount Sharp, producing gigantic flash floods.
Previously, scientists established that Gale Crater was once the site of persistent lakes and streams in Mars’ ancient past. Coupled with the present findings, the authors of the new study claim that both Gale Crater and Mouth Sharp were capable of supporting microbial life.
“Early Mars was an extremely active planet from a geological point of view,” Fairén said in a press release. “The planet had the conditions needed to support the presence of liquid water on the surface – and on Earth, where there’s water, there’s life."
“So early Mars was a habitable planet,” he said. “Was it inhabited? That’s a question that the next rover Perseverance … will help to answer.”
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Early versions of the Bible describe Goliath — an ancient Philistine warrior best known as the loser of a fight with the future King David — as a giant whose height in ancient terms reached four cubits and a span. But don’t take that measurement literally, new research suggests.
Archaeological findings at biblical-era sites including Goliath’s home city, a prominent Philistine settlement called Gath, indicate that those ancient measurements work out to 2.38 meters, or 7 feet, 10 inches. That’s equal to the width of walls forming a gateway into Gath that were unearthed in 2019, according to archaeologist Jeffrey Chadwick of Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah.
Rather than standing taller than any NBA player ever, Goliath was probably described metaphorically by an Old Testament writer as a warrior who matched the size and strength of Gath’s defensive barrier, Chadwick said November 19 at the virtual annual meeting of the American Schools of Oriental Research.
People known as Canaanites first occupied Gath in the early Bronze Age, roughly 4,700 to 4,500 years ago. The city was rebuilt more than a millennium later by the Philistines, known from the Old Testament as enemies of the Israelites (SN: 11/22/16). Gath reached its peak during the Iron Age around 3,000 years ago, the time of biblical references to Goliath. Scholars continue to debate whether David and Goliath were real people who met in battle around that time.
The remains of Gath are found at a site called Tell es-Safi in Israel. A team led by archaeologist Aren Maeir of Bar-Ilan University in Ramat-Gan, Israel — who Chadwick collaborated with to excavate the Gath gateway — has investigated Tell es-Safi since 1996. Other discoveries at Gath include a pottery fragment inscribed with two names possibly related to the name Goliath. Evidence of Gath’s destruction about 2,850 years ago by an invading army has also been recovered.
Each of four inner pillars of an Iron Age gateway at et-Tell (possibly the biblical city of Bethsaida), including this one, measures 2.38 meters, or four cubits and a span, wide. That’s the same width as walls at Goliath’s home city, Gath, and the same height that an Old Testament writer used to describe Goliath.ERIC WELCH
Archaeologists have long known that in ancient Egypt a cubit corresponded to 52.5 centimeters and assumed that the same measure was used at Gath and elsewhere in and around ancient Israel. But careful evaluations of many excavated structures over the last several years have revealed that standard measures differed slightly between the two regions, Chadwick said.
Buildings at Gath and several dozen other cities from ancient Israel and nearby kingdoms of Judah and Philistia, excavated by other teams, were constructed based on three primary measurements, Chadwick has found. Those include a 54-centimeter cubit (versus the 52.5-centimeter Egyptian cubit), a 38-centimeter short cubit and a 22-centimeter span that corresponds to the distance across an adult’s outstretched hand.
Dimensions of masonry at these sites display various combinations of the three measurements, Chadwick said. At a settlement called et-Tell in northern Israel, for instance, two pillars at the front of the city gate are each 2.7 meters wide, or five 54-centimeter cubits. Each of four inner pillars at the city gate measure 2.38 meters wide, or four 54-centimeter cubits and a 22-centimeter span. Excavators of et-Tell regard it as the site of a biblical city called Bethsaida.
Chadwick’s 2019 excavations found one of presumably several gateways that allowed access to Gath through the city’s defensive walls. Like the inner pillars of et-Tell’s city gate, Gath’s gate walls measured 2.38 meters wide, or four cubits and a span, the same as Goliath’s biblical stature.
“The ancient writer used a real architectural metric from that time to describe Goliath’s height, likely to indicate that he was as big and strong as his city’s walls,” Chadwick said.
Although the research raises the possibility that Goliath’s recorded size referred to the width of a city wall, Chadwick “will need to do more research to move this beyond an intriguing idea,” says archaeologist and Old Testament scholar Gary Arbino of Gateway Seminary in Mill Valley, Calif. For one thing, Arbino suggests, it needs to be established that the measure applied to Goliath, four cubits and a span, was commonly used at the time as a phrase that figuratively meant “big and strong.”
A mysterious monolith covered in coordinates has appeared in Adelaide after similar structures appeared across the US and Europe.
The latest monolith is a three-sided, three-metre-tall silver structure that was first sighted near the Seaford Train bridge in Noarlunga in Adelaide's southern suburbs at 6pm on Thursday.
Coordinates on the structure point to various locations across the globe, some of which are landmarks and some of which are seemingly random.
The latest monolith (pictured) is a three-sided, three-metre-tall silver structure that was first sighted near the Seaford Train bridge in Noarlunga, Adelaide at 6pm on Thursday
The top coordinate is a brownstone building in Brooklyn, New York, while the second location is the uninhabited island of Managaha in the Northern Mariana Islands, near Guam, in the Pacific Ocean.
Lastly, the bottom coordinates mark The Sphinx in Egypt's Al Giza Desert.
The monolith is located in Noarlunga, which is part of the City of Onkaparinga.
An Onkaparinga Council spokesman said he was only made aware of the structure after being contacted by the media and was currently investigating its origins.
The Adelaide sighting comes after two monoliths were spotted in Poland on Wednesday.
One was found on the banks of the Vistula river in the nation's capital Warsaw on Wednesday afternoon.
Prior to this, another was spotted in the southern city of Kielce at a former quarry turned into a nature reserve on Wednesday morning.
The first shiny pillar was spotted in southern Utah on November 18 by baffled locals and news of the object quickly went viral around the world.
A woman looks at a metal monolith that popped up on a riverbank of the Vistula in the Polish capital Warsaw on Wednesday afternoon
Some observers pointed out its resemblance to the avant-garde work of John McCracken, a US artist who lived for a time in nearby New Mexico and died in 2011.
But McCracken's representatives have given ambiguous and at times conflicting responses to this theory, prolonging an international guessing game that intensified further with the monolith's sudden removal on Friday.
The Most Famous Artist, also known as Matty Mo, is also thought to have been behind some of the monoliths that appeared in the US.
The monoliths have sparked comparisons to those seen in the Stanley Kubrick film 2001: A Space Odyssey.
Others have since popped up across the US, as well as in Colombia, Romania and the Netherlands.
The first shiny pillar was spotted in southern Utah on November 18 by baffled locals and news of the object quickly went viral around the world
Prior to the Polish structures, a monolith appeared on the top of a hill in Glastonbury in the UK on Wednesday with the words 'Not Banksy' etched onto it.
Walkers discovered the large silver structure on top of Glastonbury Tor - an ancient hill linked to King Arthur and celtic mythology.
It was believed the monolith had been placed there overnight - but was felled by a gust of wind.
The shiny triangular pillar featured a stencil drawing of a rat, similar to the style used by street artist Banksy.
Prior to that, another popped up on the Isle of Wight on Sunday, drawing a crowd of locals looking to take a selfie with the unusual object.
Designer Tom Dunford later admitted that he installed it as a tribute to others around the world.
UK: A three-sided metal monolith has appeared on a beach on the Isle of Wight on Sunday, following a month of similar structures being discovered and then disappearing across the US and in Romania
Structures also appeared this week in a small German town, a forbidding Spanish hillside and a muddy potato field in Belgium.
One of the bleak silver columns showed up in Sulzbach, Germany, overlooking a field near a shopping centre.
Another was by the ruins of an old church in Ayllon, Spain, where local authorities warned people to steer clear of the dangerous slopes - while a third was spotted on Tuesday in the Flemish village of Baasrode.
While the people behind some of the mysterious structures have been revealed, for the most part their origins remain a mystery.
Theories abound, including suggestions that artists, aliens or savvy marketing executives are behind the statures.
The fact that some of the monoliths were quickly removed has only added to speculation about their potential origins.
THE NETHERLANDS: A group of hikers were left intrigued after they spotted a metallic column in a nature reserve in a village in Oudehorne, Friesland on Sunday
If you’re keeping score at home of the number of mysterious monoliths to appear around the world in the past month (and if you’re not, what are you doing to pass the time during the pandemic shutdown – the rest of us want to know!), the total has reached 66 and counting. That tally includes multiple monolith appearances in California (the U.S. leader with 9), the U.K. (6), the Netherlands (4), France (4) and Belgium (2). (Photos of the better-known ones here.) If you go by continents, none have been reported so far in Asia, Africa and Antarctica. While some are still standing, many have disappeared almost as fast as they were found. Most have obvious signs that they’re manmade, with at least two sources offering to sell them. However, none (so far) can top the strangeness meter like the latest monolith discovered in Australia – the first on that continent and the only one with cryptic engraving. Can we finally say “It’s aliens!”?
Photos of these monoliths are shown below with the date discovered/reported, the monoliths location, the source that reported it, as well as a brief note on any interesting features. This list is being updated, for a complete list see Wikipedia here.
Date: November 2020, Location: San Juan County, Utah, USA
Date: Nov 26, 2020 Location: Kielce, Poland
Date: November 26, 2020 Location: Romania
Date: Dec 3 2020, Location: Italy
Date: Dec 5, 2020 Location: on a field near Sulzbach, Hesse, Germany Source: here
Date: 8.12.20 Location: Black Sea shore near Constanta, Vadu, Romania Source: Mediafax Romania Feature: Code written on the monolith that a Twitter user pointed out was written in Yautja, a made up language from the movie Predator. Another user pointed out this code seems to be a VIN (Vehicle Identification Number) of a car from France.
Date: December 9th, 2020 Location: Near Świętokrzyski Bridge, Warsaw, Poland
Date: Dec 10 2020. Location: along the Seaford railway line, just south of the Noarlunga Centre inAdelaide, Australia Source:7News Feature: scratched on it is four sets of latitude/longitude coordinates: {top to bottom} (40.7624N,73.9738W), (15.2413973N,145.7122932E), (17.75N,142.5E),(29.97N, 31.1375E). These coordinates point approximately to: (1) Trump Tower New York,(40.7624N,73.9738W) (2) Managaha Island North Mariana Islands,(15.2413973N,145.7122932E) (3) The Mariana Trench (NW of Managaha Island), (17.75N,142.5E) (4) The Sphinx Egypt,(29.97N, 31.1375E) These coordinates point in a line from Trump Tower to the Sphinx to the Mariana Trench.
You can Google those coordinates, but we’ll reveal the locations in a minute. They’re engraved on a monolith (the standard 10-foot, three-sided, silver kind) found on December 10 next to the Seaford railway train bridge just south of the Noarlunga Centre in Adelaide, South Australia. (Photo here.) It was reported to 7 News and other media sites which dutifully posted the report immediately, because the monoliths are much more fun than anything else going on in 2020. The name Noarlunga is an English misspelling and mispronunciation of the native Kaurna word Nurlongga (‘at the curvature’), a reference to the horseshoe bend near the mouth of the Onkaparinga River it sits on.
A monolith has appeared at Noarlunga Centre in South Australia.
Source: Nine News/Google Maps
We’re still waiting for the mysterious locations.
Sorry about that, and you’re right … they are mysterious. Starting from the bottom, they are the coordinates of the Sphinx in Giza, Egypt; the Mariana Trench in the Pacific (the deepest oceanic trench on Earth); Managaha Island in the North Mariana Islands (a historic site of the major World War II Battle of Saipan; and Trump Tower in New York City.
Trump Tower??!!
Yes, Trump Tower. We’re as puzzled as you are.
“Our customer relations team hasn’t received any enquiries about the monolith. However I’m not surprised that whoever (or whatever) is responsible chose our region, with our 31 kilometers of stunning beaches, McLaren Vale wineries and Mediterranean lifestyle.”
Noarlunga Mayor Erin Thompson wasted no time promoting the town’s monolith as a major tourist attraction on par with its beaches and wineries, conveniently ignoring any speculation on the meaning of the disparate coordinates. No one else has speculated who placed it there either, and, as of this writing, it’s still in Noarlunga.
Managaha Island
Perhaps the Noarlunga monolith’s erector placed it there as a fun connect-the-dots what-do-these-have-in-common game to play during the socially-distanced, attendance-limited holiday parties. It would certainly be more healthy than a piñata and less annoying than yet another marathon game of Monopoly.
Here’s a start – if aliens were leaving a guidepost of “interesting places to visit on this otherwise worthless planet”, they might include the Sphinx which they had a part in building, the Mariana Trench which is a great secluded parking space, the Managaha Island to remind you where you parked, and the Trump Tower where the leader who has been warned not to reveal your existence once lived.
Just about everyone has heard of the red-eyed Mothman – the winged thing that struck terror in the people of Point Pleasant, West Virginia from late 1966 to December 1967. But, what about the U.K.’s equivalents of Mothman? How many people may know about them? With those questions in mind, let’s take a look at some of these strange things that have been seen in the skies in the U.K. We’ll begin with a creature that first surfaced in the summer of 1976. . In 1976 the dense trees surrounding Mawnan Old Church, Cornwall, England became a veritable magnet for a beast that was christened the Owlman. The majority of those people who crossed paths with the creature asserted that it was human-like in both size and design, and possessed a pair of large wings, fiery red eyes, claws, and exuded an atmosphere of menace. No wonder people make parallels with Mothman. It all began during the weekend of Easter 1976, when two young girls, June and Vicky Melling, had an encounter of a truly nightmarish kind in Mawnan Woods. The girls were on holiday with their parents when they saw a gigantic, feathery ‘bird man’ hovering over the 13th Century church.
Two fourteen year old girls, Sally Chapman and Barbara Perry, also had the misfortune to have a run-in with the Owlman in 1976. At around 10:00 p.m., while camping in the woods of Mawnan, and as they sat outside of their tent making a pot of tea, the pair heard a strange hissing noise. On looking around, they saw the infernal Owlman staring in their direction from a distance of about sixty feet. Sally said: “It was like a big owl with pointed ears, as big as a man. The eyes were red and glowing. At first I thought that it was someone dressed-up, playing a joke, trying to scare us. I laughed at it. We both did. Then it went up in the air and we both screamed. When it went up you could see its feet!” Sightings of the beast are still occasionally made in the area.
A particularly strange story of an unidentified flying, human-like entity seen in the skies of England surfaced on February 19, 2009. Mike Lockley, then the editor of the now-closed Chase Post newspaper – which covered the Staffordshire, England town of Cannock – stated that nothing less than a flying man-thing had been seen soaring over and around the nearby Cannock Chase woods! And, now, to the heart of the story: “Five locals have contacted the Post after witnessing the figure traveling, seemingly unaided, over houses at around 11am on Sunday, February 8. One described it as a ‘Superman’ moment – a clear case of ‘to Chadsmoor and beyond,'” said the newspaper. Mike Lockley added: “But eagle-eyed Boney Hay villager Clive Wright believes those who reckon they witnessed something supernatural are talking a load of kryptonite. The 68-year-old, who spotted the flying man from the living room window of his Sunnymead Road home, believes the pilot was traveling with the aid of a jet pack – a strap-on engine made famous in the 1965 James Bond movie, Thunderball.
Elliott O’ Donnell was an acclaimed authority ghosts and life after death, and who penned dozens of books on supernatural phenomena. Born in 1872, he continued writing until his death in 1965, at the age of ninety-three. O’Donnell also had a deep interest in reports of strange creatures, as the following 19th century account from O’Donnell demonstrates: “Henry Spicer, in his Strange Things Amongst Us, tells the story of a Captain Morgan, an honorable and vivacious gentleman, who, arriving in London in 1841, puts up for the night in a large, old-fashioned hotel. The room in which he slept was full of heavy, antique furniture, reminiscent of the days of King George I, one of the worst periods in modern English history for crime. Despite, however, his grimly suggestive surroundings, Captain Morgan quickly got into bed and was soon asleep. He was abruptly awakened by the sound of flapping, and, on looking up, he saw a huge black bird with outstretched wings and fiery red eyes perched on the rail at the foot of the four-poster bed. The creature flew at him and endeavored to peck his eyes. Captain Morgan resisted, and after a desperate struggle succeeded in driving it to a sofa in the corner of the room, where it settled down and regarded him with great fear in its eyes. Determined to destroy it, he flung himself on the top of it, when, to his surprise and terror, it immediately crumbled into nothingness.”
And, finally, going way back in time, there’s this: Scotland’s River Nairn flows by the site of a historic April 16, 1746 confrontation. Its name: the Battle of Culloden. Scottish lore tells of how, on the night before the violent battle began, a huge, monstrous, bird-like beast was seen hovering and flying above the battlefield. Known as the Skree, this Mothman-style creature had eyes that blazed red, and large and membranous wings like those of a hideous, devilish bat. The creature was seen as a decidedly ill-omen, a precursor to the death and tragedy that loomed on the horizon for the forces of Bonnie Prince Charlie and those of George II. It was a battle that brought to an end what was known as the Jacobite Rising.
UFO Seen At Center Of Disk Cloud Over China, Dec 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Seen At Center Of Disk Cloud Over China, Dec 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:Dec 3, 2020 Location of sighting: China
Now I just realized this as I was taking screenshots...as I added darkness, a dark disk is seen at the center of the cloud. This is the actual UFO exposing itself, but it's having trouble doing it since we can still see 60% of its bottom exposed. Aliens do make mistakes...this is 100% that they are living breathing creatures that make mistakes just like us.
Watch as this amazing UFO creates clouds and pushes the layers upward and downward both making some amazing disk layers. The video was recorded in China two weeks ago and shows some great detail. This kind of cloud should be impossible...at least according to science, with no possible scientific explanation. But we in the UFO research field have read many reports dating back to 1954 from an old report from a US army soldier at Fort Belvoir. So the proof is not a single stone, but an entire mountain.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Below is a close up I made of the original below it. SCW
Mystery as huge luminous object appears in the night sky over Patagonia, Argentina
Mystery as huge luminous object appears in the night sky over Patagonia, Argentina
Photographer Santiago Arévalo said he went down to the beach at midnight that night with four people. The goal was to make astrophotography of the Milky Way.
Santiago: We all sat on the sand looking at the stars and talking for a while, around 1.30 am we see that from behind the mountains, on the other side of the lake, a kind of white glow begins to appear on which he managed to capture the exact moment when a huge luminous object lit up in the night sky.
We all thought it was the moon coming out of that sector, which is very strange because the moon comes out from the totally opposite side.
I run to the tripod to turn the camera in that sector and let it take some pictures to see what I can get to save from what we have seen, which up until then was the moon.
After a few seconds we see that it was not the moon, that it was a point, something a little bigger than a star, but it was accompanied by a kind of halo in the shape of a triangle.
At that moment we were all thinking what it was, if it was a plane, but it didn't have the red and green lights on the sides. It was super weird and the light was very white. After a few minutes it vanished into the sky and the cloud-white glow remained for a few more seconds.
I was able to record this and you can see the trace that light made over the time the camera closed, that's why you can see a line and not a point. The next day we talked to other acquaintances who were in the same campsite and they told us that they were also watching it from another section of the beach.
What did NASA say about it?
NASA explained that this huge light object correspondents with the passage of a rocket that belonged to a failed lunar mission in 1966, which was propelled by a centaur from the 1960s.
Centaur rocket 1966 - White dot in upper right image is the Centaur rocket in orbit.
The NEO (near-earth object) - (Centaur rocket) was discovered in September by astronomers looking for nearby asteroids and was seen last Sunday around 1:30 am across the Patagonian area.
But I not buy NASA's explanation given that an object of enormous proportions, larger than the Moon, cannot be attributed to the presence of an old Centaur rocket that is adrift in space.
Check out this daytimeUFO sighting video of some kind of a bell-shaped unidentified flying object flying across the sky above Oshawa in Ontario, Canada. This happened on 27th November 2020.
Apple Valley, CA UFO VIDEO: Viewed a Small white circle object high in the sky way above the clouds
Apple Valley, CA UFO VIDEO: Viewed a Small white circle object high in the sky way above the clouds
This bright UFO/Orb was recorded hovering in the sky above Apple Valley, California on 9th December 2020.
Witness report:
I viewed a Small white circle object high in the sky way above the clouds over a 2 1/2 hour period it slowly moved across the sky from 1st sighting southwest to last seen southeast moving west to east overall
What if you could hitch a ride on NASA's Juno spacecraftat Jupiter? We may be stuck on Earth, but the space agency has given us the next best option: a new video flyover of Jupiter based on photos from Juno's recent flyby in June.
The stunning video, which is made up of 41 images captured on June 2, gives us a glimpse of what we'd see if we were able to fly around Jupiter ourselves, combining pictures taken from different angles as the spacecraft sped by the solar system's largest planet.
Throughout the video, we see zoomed-in views of Jupiter's upper atmosphere at Juno's closest approach, when the spacecraft was about 2,100 miles (3,400 kilometers) above the planet's cloud tops, as well as zoomed-out views. At the spacecraft's closest point to Jupiter, the gas giant's powerful gravity sped the spacecraft up to an impressive 130,000 mph (209,000 kph) relative to the planet, according to a NASA statement.
NASA compiled images taken from the agency's Juno spacecraft to recreate a Jupiter flyby. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS )
Citizen scientist Kevin Gill created the video with data from Juno's JunoCam, which digitally projects images onto a sphere with a virtual "camera," giving us these beautiful views of Jupiter. These pictures were taken between 5:47 a.m. and 7:25 a.m. EDT (0947 and 1125 GMT) on June 2 as the spacecraft made its 27th close flyby of the planet.
Juno launched in 2011 and, after a five-year trek through space, reached Jupiter in July 2016. The spacecraft circles the solar system's largest planet taking data so we can understand the origin and evolution of Jupiter. Since its first flyby, Juno has provided incredible information about the planet, including an up-close look at Jupiter's Great Red Spot, a giant storm swirling through the planet's atmosphere.
Though the spacecraft was meant to take a dive into Jupiter's atmosphere in 2018, NASA has extended its mission through 2021.
(Harrison Kirk) Could it be that the answer to whether or not we’re alone in the universe resides deep within each of us, encoded into our DNA, just waiting to be revealed?
It’s a heady subject, one that has fascinated mankind for centuries and even led us to build spaceships to explore the skies beyond our vision.
But what if aliens have come and gone already? Imagine if they did indeed visit this planet and left clues of their presence into what makes each of us unique, waiting for the day that we will finally realize the true origin of the human race.
Are we the product of evolution, or were we created by unseen beings? (Via YouTube)
All of this may sound a bit far-fetched and way outside the normal channels of scientific discourse, but as Ancient Origins notes, some very distinguished minds in the world of science think there could well be a connection between human DNA and aliens:
“In 2013, two scientists affiliated with the Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute in Kazakhstan published an article in the journal Icarus suggesting that the search for extraterrestrial life should be expanded to include a survey of human DNA.
“Physicist Vladimir Sherbak and astrobiologist Maxim Makukov are convinced we’ve been genetically engineered by beings from another star system. These founders may have done so directly while visiting here hundreds of millions of years ago. Or, they may have sent an information-packed signal into space that reached Earth and somehow triggered alterations in our DNA. Or, they may have seeded our planet from space with alien genetic material that evolved elsewhere (presumably on their planet of origin).”
Codes and symbols are all around us. Could they have a deeper meaning that is tied to our DNA?
The idea that we (and our DNA) are products of alien engineering is known as panspermia, and has drawn the enthusiastic support of none other than James Crick, co-founder of the DNA double helix. In the panspermia view of our planet, our creators intentionally chose to place their own DNA inside of humans and then leave us on the Earth as some sort of experiment.
“Makukov and Cherbak say human DNA looks as though it has been created with mathematicalprecision. ‘Simple arrangements of the code reveal an ensemble of arithmetical and ideographical patterns of symbolic language. Furthermore, it includes the use of decimal notation and logical transformations that are accurate and systematic.’”
Consider that there’s also a repeating numerical pattern in human DNA:
“Makukov and Cherbak have spotted a specific repeating numerical pattern in the human genetic code. By looking closely at the various mathematical ratios, fractions and constants that show up in calculations and measurements of human DNA, they’ve uncovered multiple instances where the number ‘37’ seems to play a prominent role.”
“In their Icarus research paper, the scientists listed nine instances where the number ‘37’ could be derived by performing calculations somehow related to DNA’s chemical structure, and they calculated the odds of that happening by random at 10 trillion to one against.”
The concept of panspermia suggests that we were created by aliens and encoded with their DNA. (Via YouTube)
The number 37 has relevance when it comes to the human body:
“Expressed in the metric system, the normal body temperature of a human being is 37 degrees Celsius. And according to the latest estimates, there are approximately 37 trillion cells in the human body. So even outside its inclusion in our DNA, the number ‘37’ does help define who we are in some fundamental ways. This is just as we might expect, if that number were included in DNA as a sign.”
Clearly, there are still more questions than answers when it comes to either DNA or aliens, let alone whether a connection can be made between the two. The human genome has already been partially decoded by scientists, and yet we are no closer to proving that intelligent life exists beyond our planet.
Mysteries remain, and in time we may finally discover the answers to them. Until then, all we can do is keep searching.
Stillness in the Storm Editor: Why did we post this?
The preceding information presents information that builds a case for the existence of extraterrestrial life in the universe, which some claim has already made contact with humanity. While these claims remain largely unconfirmed, in a substantive and comprehensive way, an individual can contemplate their meaning, and in the process, catalyze the mind for greater awakening. This information also helps dispel the false reality pushed by the Deep State, which is essential so as to liberate the individual from the fetters of disillusionment related fundamentally myopic and depreciated view of cosmic realities and ultimate identities.
Bubbles. They’re fun for kids, good signs for fishermen and safe zones during the pandemic. But what if they’re enormous bubbles being belched out by the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way … so enormous that they expand far above and below the galactic plane? Should we be worried? Should we send a probe to pop them? Should we send up guardian probes so they won’t get popped by someone else?
“These “eROSITA bubbles” show a striking resemblance to the Fermi bubbles, which were discovered a decade ago at even higher energies. The most likely explanation for these enormous gas bubbles is that a long time ago there was a massive input of energy from the galactic center into the hot gas envelope around our galaxy, which led to huge shock waves.”
“eROSITA” sounds like a high-tech Hispanic girl’s name but it’s actually the primary instrument on-board the Russian-German “Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma” (SRG) mission which was successfully launched on July 13, 2019, to perform the first imaging all-sky survey in the medium energy X-ray range. Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) have been analyzing the X-ray survey for unusual phenomena not visible in the normal light spectrum. That’s when they found the giant bubbles.
“The X-ray emission observed by eROSITA in its medium energy band (0.6-1.0 keV) shows that the bubbles have an extension of several kiloparsecs (or up to 50,000 light years) in diameter, and are thus almost as large as the Milky Way itself. These eROSITA bubbles show striking morphological similarities with the already known Fermi bubbles, which the Fermi telescope discovered in the area of gamma rays, but they are larger and more energetic.”
The Fermi bubbles referred to in the press release – named for NASA’s Fermi observatory which first observed them in 2010 – emit super-high-energy gamma rays in a form that resembles bubbles of hot gas but are more likely shock waves traveling through the nothingness of space after being emitted by a fairly recent explosion (a few million years ago) from the supermassive black hole. Seen from the side, the Milky Way looks like a disc and the bubbles like a dumbbell through the center. The eROSITA bubbles resemble the Fermi bubbles except their dumbbells extend almost to the edges of the disc. (Illustrations can be seen here.) As the study, published in the journal Nature, suggests, the eROSITA bubbles were probably caused by the same explosion that created the Fermi bubbles and are expanding into the hot gas envelope that surrounds the Milky Way.
“The bubbles that eROSITA has now found show disturbances in this hot gas envelope around our Milky Way, which were caused either by a period of intense star formation or by an eruption from the supermassive black hole in the galactic center. Even if the mass monster is now behaving quietly, it could have been active in the past – similar to how it can be observed in active galaxy nuclei (AGN) with rapidly growing black holes in distant galaxies. In both cases, the energy required for the formation of these giant bubbles must have been enormous: 10 56 erg, equivalent to the energy released by 100,000 supernovae.”
Whatever this explosion was, it blew energy into the space surrounding the Milky Way at an incredible force and speed that caused its X-rays not only to be observable on Earth but by every star in the galaxy, all the way to the edge.
Should we be worried?
Not really. The belch of eROSITA bubbles happened as little as 3 million years ago and won’t happen again in our lifetime. Even if it did, the energy force that created the bubbles blew them above and below the Milky Way, not through it. And, since it’s not really a bubble, just an energy force shaped like one, there’s no chance of it popping.
Who would’ve have expected that even black holes like blowing bubbles?
EXCLUSIVE: What REALLY crashed in Roswell? Man who investigated the famous 1947 New Mexico wreckage said he found 'indestructible debris that was not made by human hands' in his private journals which are revealed for the first time
EXCLUSIVE: What REALLY crashed in Roswell? Man who investigated the famous 1947 New Mexico wreckage said he found 'indestructible debris that was not made by human hands' in his private journals which are revealed for the first time
Jesse Marcel was an intelligence officer of the 509th Bombardment Group at Roswell Army Air Field and was tasked with investigating the 1947 Roswell crash
Marcel's grandchildren are now telling his story decades after the event
They say he determined the wreckage was 'not made by human hands'
Marcel said there were beams with 'alien writing' etched across
However, the US government said the debris was remains of a weather balloon
Marcel's grandchildren have been holding onto his journal for 15 years
They say it could unravel the 'true story' to what really happened in Roswell
It was the summer of 1947, the US was in the midst the Cold War, scientists were on the brink of discovering plutonium fission and New York's Grand Central Station hit a record of 252,288 passengers, but the most memorable event may be the crash in Roswell.
The local paper's front page story reported that the Roswell Army field recovered a flying saucer on a New Mexico Ranch after metallic-looking, light but strong material was scattered across the land.
'The intelligence office of the 509th Bombardment Group at Roswell Army Air Field announced at noon today, that the field has come into the possession of a Flying Saucer,' Roswell Daily Record reported on July 8, 1947.
The statement was given by Jesse Marcel Sr., who was the first on the scene and led the investigation, which he determined were pieces from an extraterrestrial vehicle.
However, shortly after the 'UFO' discovery made headlines, the War Department in Washington DC released a statement claiming the debris was just remains of a weather balloon.
The US Air Force stated the weather balloon was part of Project Mogul's airborne system invented by Columbia University, New York University and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution that was designed search the atmosphere for weak reverberations from nuclear-test blasts.
Marcel died on June 24, 1986, but his story lives on with his grandchildren Jesse Marcel III and John Marcel, who told DailyMail.com their grandfather never wavered nor changed any details of what he saw that day.
'He was made to be the fall guy,' Jesse said, and he claimed his grandfather was 'ordered' to deny what was really at the crash site.
'He was the head of intelligence in Roswell, New Mexico and followed his orders.'
'In essence, he was at the heart of the story and heart of the conspiracy or cover-up.'
The only physical evidence left of this mystery is Marcel Sr.'s journal, which is set to be revealed during the History Channel's three-part series 'Roswell: The First Witness' airing Saturday, December 12.
The show follows the investigation of the Marcel children, along with the host and former CIA operative Ben Smith.
The local paper's front page story reported that the Roswell Army field recovered a flying saucer on a New Mexico Ranch after metallic-looking, light but strong material was scattered across the land. 'The intelligence office of the 509th Bombardment Group at Roswell Army Air Field announced at noon today, that the field has come into the possession of a Flying Saucer,' Roswell Daily Record reported on July 8, 1947
'What's interesting is that the journal moved from grandfather's hands, to our father's and now to ours,' said Jesse.
'Inside is a bunch of rambling that doesn't really fit with who our grandfather was.'
Smith has seen the journal aw well, which he said shows a change in Marcel Sr.'s mental state.
'There are breaks in the journal that are not clear, but it could be a secret code,' he claimed.
The statement was given by Jesse Marcel Sr. (pictured) who was the first on the scene and led the investigation, which he determined were pieces from an extraterrestrial vehicle.
Marcel has since died, but his story lives on with his grandchildren Jesse Marcel III (left) and John Marcel (right), who told DailyMail.com their grandfather never wavered nor changed any details of what he saw that day
'I came at this on neutral ground. I wanted to determine truth from fiction and represent knows and unknowns,' Smith explained.
'If I didn't think there wasn't more to the story, I would not have taken on the project.'
Smith said the investigation lasted for more than a year.
He and the Marcel children began speaking with Marcel Sr.'s close contacts and then surviving family members of local Roswell residents who first reported the wreckage to the authorities.
Scientific methods were also used to investigate the crash site – Smith employed multispectral imagery technology to identify any foreign bodies through their chemical composition.
'I am not convinced that it is a balloon,' Smith said. 'But I am still waiting to complete my decision.'
'Jesse did his duty to toe the publicity line.'
The only physical evidence left of this mystery is Marcel Sr.'s journal, which is set to be revealed during a History channel series on Saturday, December 12, which follows the investigation with the Marcel children and host and former CIA operative Ben Smith. Pictured is a shot of the crew working at the wreckage site for the History channel show
Marcel was brought in to do a thorough investigation of the wreckage. Marcel, who played a key role in dropping the atomic bomb on Japan, completed training on weather balloons and Jesse said that seeing one in the field and not identifying it is 'preposterous'
'He was an intelligent, capable officer who knew the value and importance of secrets.'
Mystery of the 1947 Roswell wreckage
In July 1947, a rancher reported pieces of debris scattered over his land.
Authorities were called to the scene and after investigating the wreckage, determined the pieces were from a flying sauce.
The local paper's front page story reported that the Roswell Army field recovered a flying saucer on a New Mexico Ranch after metallic-looking, light but strong material was scattered across the land.
'The intelligence office of the 509th Bombardment Group at Roswell Army Air Field announced at noon today, that the field has come into the possession of a Flying Saucer,' Roswell Daily Record reported on July 8, 1947.
However, shortly after the 'UFO' discovery made headlines, the War Department in Washington released a statement claiming the debris was the remains of a weather balloon.
'Why did he make statements and hold onto them for so long?'
'They did not grow, but remained the same. It was the same simple story.'
The wreckage was first discovered by W.W. 'Mac' Brazel, who was taking his sheep to a nearby stream.
Brazel's eyewitness account says he and a friend, Will Proctor, spotted 'odd pieces of metal and debris scattered all over the Foster Ranch.'
'They found strange pieces of foil that couldn't be cut, burned or wrinkled and thin 'I'-beams with strange symbols on them,' the statement reads.
'The debris field was located in the middle of nowhere,' Jesse explained.
'The way they located it was a herd of sheep that refused to cross the field to get to a water source.'
'Even animals had a sense about whatever it was and did not want to go around it.'
Following the discovery, Marcel was brought in to conduct a thorough investigation of the wreckage.
Marcel, who played a key role in dropping the atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, completed training on weather balloons and Jesse said that seeing one in the field and not being able to identify it was 'preposterous.'
'He had examined the debris in the field and determined it was not made by human hands,' Jesse continued.
Marcel was a smoker at the time and he pulled a lighter from his pocket in an attempt to melt the metal or warm it – according to his journal, it did neither, his grandchildren said.
The debris was collected and brought to the Roswell base where Marcel and his colleagues attempted to determine what the pieces were from and what type of material they were constructed from.
Marcel grabbed a drill immediately after reaching the base, according to Jesse and John, and tried to drill a hole through one of the pieces, but he said the blades broke on impact.
Marcel described the pieces uncovered at the wreckage to his grandchildren as being light, but strong.
Some were beams etched with 'alien writing' ,according to Marcel, and the debris appeared to be metal and plastic pieces, along with miles of fiber optics.
'He said there were glass fibers and fiber optics that may have been from the computers on the ship,' John said.
The wreckage was discovered in In July 1947, by a rancher living in Roswell, New Mexico
Marcel found the debris could not melt or heat up and could not be punctured - even by a drill. He described the pieces to his grandchildren as beams with alien writing and the debris appeared to be metal and plastic pieces, along with miles of fiber optics
'When my grandfather came home with the debris, our dad looked through it with a shining light and saw a purple light inside with a symbol of a seal balancing a ball on its nose.'
Jesse said their father motioned for their grandfather to come take a look.
'My grandfather said 'you might be the first person on Earth to look at alien writing,' Jesse said.
'It probably tells you how to use the on-board toilet.'
However, the Air Force report regarding the event stated the debris was pieces from Project Mogal's balloons, sensors and radar reflectors made of thing metal - which may have played a role in adding weight to the spaceship theory.
And the team's work in New Mexico carried out numerous balloon flights.
'The relatively simple description of sticks, paper, tape and tinfoil has since grown to exotic metals with hieroglyphics and fiber-optic-like materials,' the Air Force report said.
The Air Force report regarding the event states the debris was pieces from Project Mogal's balloons, sensors and radar reflectors made of thing metal - which may have played a roll in adding weight to the spaceship theory. And the team's work in New Mexico carried out numerous balloon flights. Pictured is Marcel with the debris
'Bodies of extraterrestrial aliens were supposedly retrieved.'
Although Marcel Sr. said he did not see a living being at the Roswell site, he claimed there were multiple crash sites around the same time where other investigators said they witnessed something living or was once alive.
'The big thing about our grandfather is that this put him under a lot of pressure, Jesse said.
'He felt he was the right person who was at the right place at the right time and he was very lucky to be that guy – even after all the pressure.'
'He was head of intelligence for WWII bombing programming, so he knew how to protect secrets and was someone they chose to see the wreck and report back, which says a lot.'
A man who investigated the famous UFO crash in Roswell, New Mexico, wrote his private thoughts in a journal that has now been revealed for the very first time. And what he wrote is pretty mind-blowing.
Jesse Marcel Sr. was an intelligence officer with the 509th Bombardment Group at Roswell Army Air Field. He was the first person on the scene of the Roswell crash back in July of 1947 and he led the investigation. While the government claimed that the object was just a weather balloon, Marcel Sr. had always stated that the debris from the crash site was “not of this Earth”. He passed away in 1986 and now his grandchildren (Jesse Marcel III and John Marcel) are telling his story based on his notes in his private journal.
In an interview with DailyMail.com, Jesse Marcel III stated that his grandfather “was made to be the fall guy” and that he had been “ordered” to stay quiet about what was actually at the crash site. And throughout the years, his story never changed as to what he witnessed.
The debris field was initially discovered by W.W. “Mac” Brazel who was bringing his sheep to a stream for a drink and that’s when he noticed the crash site. In fact, it was his sheep that brought Brazel’s attention to the site as the animals wouldn’t walk near it. So whatever had crashed there, the animals didn’t want to go anywhere close to it. At that point, Marcel Sr. was brought in to investigate the scene.
Jesse said that the government’s claim that the wreckage was a weather balloon was “preposterous” as his grandfather would have easily recognized it because he had experience working on them. “He had examined the debris in the field and determined it was not made by human hands,” Jesse stated.
As for the material found at the crash site, Marcel Sr. wrote in his journal that he tried to melt or even warm up the material by holding a lit lighter next to it but nothing happened. And after the debris was transported over to the Roswell base, he attempted to drill a hole in it but the blades of the drill broke as soon as they made contact with the material. He told his grandkids that the material was light but strong.
Another interesting fact written in his journal was that some of the beams had “alien writing” on them and that “there were glass fibers and fiber optics that may have been from the computers on the ship,” as stated by John, adding, “When my grandfather came home with the debris, our dad looked through it with a shining light and saw a purple light inside with a symbol of a seal balancing a ball on its nose.” Jesse added “My grandfather said ‘you might be the first person on Earth to look at alien writing’.”
As for whether or not there were aliens on board the craft, Marcel Sr. stated that he never saw any extraterrestrials at the site but he did mention that there were several other crash sites around that same time and that other investigators claimed to have seen the life forms.
Jesse finished off by stating, “The big thing about our grandfather is that this put him under a lot of pressure,” adding, “He felt he was the right person who was at the right place at the right time and he was very lucky to be that guy – even after all the pressure.” (Pictures of Marcel Sr. and the debris from the crash site can be seen here.)
More information on Marcel Sr.’s journal will be detailed in a three-part series called “Roswell: The First Witness” which will be aired this Saturday on the History Channel. I know that I’m looking forward to watching that series.
It’s not every day that NASA uses the term “Planet Nine” in a press release, so when it did in a recent one about new Hubble telescope observations of a massive exoplanet orbiting a nearby young binary star system, it garnered a lot of attention from Planet Nine proponents. Why is NASA interested in HD 106906 b and why have they linked it with the potential existence of Planet Nine in our solar system?
“This system draws a potentially unique comparison with our solar system. It’s very widely separated from its host stars on an eccentric and highly misaligned orbit, just like the prediction for Planet Nine. This begs the question of how these planets formed and evolved to end up in their current configuration.”
Meiji Nguyen of the University of California, Berkeley, is the lead author of a paper in The Astronomical Journal describing the strange orbit of HD 106906 b, an exoplanet 11 times the size of Jupiter orbiting binary stars a mere 336 light years from Earth. Discovered in 2013 by astronomers using the Magellan Telescopes in Chile, its orbit was unknown until the more powerful Hubble telescope picked it up. The HD 106906 binary system is only 15 million years old – a newborn when compared to 4.5 billion-year age of our solar system. That means whatever happened to put HD 106906 b in its current weird and far-flung orbit happened recently. Could the same thing have happened to our own rumored Planet Nine shortly after its birth?
The 11-Jupiter-mass exoplanet called HD 106906 b is shown in this artist’s illustration.
Credits: NASA, ESA, and M. Kornmesser (ESA/Hubble)
“The prevailing theory is that it formed much closer to its stars, about three times the distance that Earth is from the Sun. But drag within the system’s gas disk caused the planet’s orbit to decay, forcing it to migrate inward toward its stellar pair. The gravitational effects from the whirling twin stars then kicked it out onto an eccentric orbit that almost threw it out of the system and into the void of interstellar space. Then a passing star from outside the system stabilized the exoplanet’s orbit and prevented it from leaving its home system.”
Paul Kalas, another Berkeley professor and co-author, explains in the university’s press release how HD 106906 b started out in a tight orbit around its two stars before being flung like an Olympic hammer throw on a path that would take it out of the system completely. However, a passing star’s gravity caught it and pushed it back into a new orbit more than 730 times the distance of Earth from the Sun. In addition, this new extreme orbit is misaligned, elongated and external to the debris disk of the twin host stars – a disk similar to our own solar system’s Kuiper Belt. That disk itself is distorted, which helped the team define HD 106906 b’s orbit.
This graphic shows how the exoplanet HD 106906 b may have evolved over time, arriving at its current, widely separated, eccentric and highly misaligned orbit.
(Graphic courtesy of NASA, ESA, and L. Hustak/STScI)
“The idea is that every time the planet comes to its closest approach to the binary star, it stirs up the material in the disk. So, every time the planet comes through, it truncates the disk and pushes it up on one side. This scenario has been tested with simulations of this system with the planet on a similar orbit — this was before we knew what the orbit of the planet was.”
Team member Robert De Rosa describes why this phenomena made the astronomers think of Planet Nine – not only do some scientists believe it was violently kicked out of a close solar orbit early in its life and saved by a passing star, this could explain the strange clusterings of space rocks in the Kuiper Belt.
“What I really think makes HD 106906 unique is that it is the only exoplanet that we know that is directly imaged, surrounded by a debris disk, misaligned relative to its system and is widely separated. This is what makes it the sole candidate we have found thus far whose orbit is analogous to the hypothetical Planet Nine.”
Meiji Nguyen says HD 106906 b is real and makes the connection to Planet Nine. As we’re finding so often when it comes to new discoveries in astronomy – if there’s one, there’s more. Knowing how HD 106906 b came into existence and moved to its current eccentric location and orbit gives astronomers a better roadmap to proving the existence of Planet Nine and finding it. NASA scientists are already planning to use the James Webb Space Telescope, scheduled to be launched in 2021, to further observe HD 106906 b and also look for other similar oddball exoplanets.
The sun has awakened in an explosive manner after a prolonged dormant period, and has unleashed a massive amount of plasma and electromagnetic energy toward our planet.
And while that may sound daunting – and likely teases the imagination with Hollywood-like scenarios of electromagnetic pulses raining down on our cities – the practical effect could be a disruption of some communication as well as a brilliant display of northern lights (aurora borealis) as far south as New York, Oregon, Illinois, Pennsylvania and maybe even parts of Australia.
On Monday, a massive solar flare erupted from the massive star, producing a coronal mass ejection (CME) from the sun’s atmosphere that will interact with the Earth’s own atmosphere through Thursday.
CNNdescribed the event as “the equivalent of a massive solar belch” that comes after months of a hiatus and marks the start of a new period of heightened solar activity, which could result in some anomalies in our own skies.
The NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center issued a Geomagnetic Storm Watch until Dec. 11, which could see some gorgeous, dancing northern lights occur far south of where they normally happen – such as in Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Philadelphia, Portland, and Seattle.
The awakening of the sun marks the beginning of “Solar Cycle 25,” a period of 11 years in which solar storms and stormy activities on the sun’s service will be come more routine.
While the sun lies a distant 93 million miles away, such disturbances can have major effects across the solar system. Solar scientists and meteorologists who forecast space weather rely on sunspots – those cool, discolored regions that appear on the solar disk – to know whether solar flares will occur, and potentially disrupt or cut off radio communications on earth.
So one possible effect of the heightened solar activity could be increased static on the radio, a drag on low-Earth-orbit satellites, and even some major GPS positioning errors. NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center in Boulder, Colorado, has even warned that there is a potential for strong storm levels “if the magnetic field carried with the CME connects well with Earth’s magnetosphere.”
However, the center was also careful to warn that the storm isn’t a catastrophic event by any means.
“This is NOT a major space weather event,”SpaceWeather.com wrote.“But after 3 years of uber-quiet Solar Minimum, it is noteworthy.”
Even the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) issued a geomagnetic warning for Wednesday and Thursday, explaining that the global geomagnetic activity could result in some isolated major storms – and auroras – in the skies above parts of the land down under.
“Auroras may be observed during local nighttime hours in Tasmania and on the coastline of Victoria,”said the BOM’s Space Weather Service (SWS). “There is a chance to observe aurora on the southwest coast of Western Australia.”
The solar particles and magnetic fields unleashed toward us by the sun force particles trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere o be released, triggering reactions that force photons of light activated by oxygen and nitrogen molecules into the upper atmosphere.
“After a trip toward Earth that can last two to three days, the solar particles and magnetic fields cause the release of particles already trapped near Earth, which in turn trigger reactions in the upper atmosphere in which oxygen and nitrogen molecules release photons of light,”notes NASA.“The result: the Northern and Southern lights.”
While the forecast peak of auroras was on Wednesday at 10 p.m., some activity remains possible through Dec. 10.
An extraordinary event in 1967 would practically put the small fishing village of Shag Harbor on the map. Located at the southern tip of Nova Scotia, this rural community would be host to one of the best documented UFO events of the past 40 years.
Named after the “shag,” a bird of the cormorant family, the harbor was literally left off most maps of the time, but that would be changed once and for all.
The tiny fishing community has always had its stories… stories of giant sea serpents, man-eating squid, and ghost ships. The list of local color would see one more addition to its list: a story of a visit of a mysterious flying craft of unknown origin. This craft would visit the waters of Shag Harbor, permanently stamping the village’s name in the public eye.
The first indication of this mysterious occurrence would come from local residents who noticedstrange orange lights in the sky on the night of October 4, 1967. Most witnesses agreed that there were four orange lights that evening. Five teenagers watched these lights flash in sequence, and then suddenly dive in a 45 degree angle toward the water’s surface. The witnesses were surprised that the lights did not dive into the water, but seemed to float on the water, approximately one-half mile from the shore.
Witnesses at first thought they were watching a tragic airplane crash, and quickly reported as much to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, which was located at Barrington Passage. Coincidently, RCMP Constable Ron Pound had already witnessed the strange lights himself as he drove down Highway 3 in route to Shag Harbor. Pound felt that he was seeing 4 lights, all attached to one flying craft. He estimated the craft to be about 60 feet long.
Constable Pound made his way to the shore to get a closer look at the phenomenal sight. He was accompanied by Police Corporal Victor Werbieki, Contable Ron O’Brien, and other local residents. Pound clearly saw a yellow light slowly moving on the water, leaving a yellowish foam in its wake. All eyes were glued on the light, as it slowly either moved too distant to be seen, or dipped into the icy waters.
Coast Guard Cutter #101 and other local boats rushed to the spot of the sighting, but by the time they arrived, the light itself was gone. However, the crewmen could still see the yellow foam, indicating that something had possibly submerged. Nothing else could be found that night, and the search was called off at 3:00 AM.
The RCMP ran a traffic check with the Rescue Coordination Centre in Halifac, and NORAD radar at Baccaro, Nova Scotia. They were told that there were no missing aircraft reported that evening, either civilian, or military.
The following day, the Rescue Coordination Center filed a report with Canadian Forces Headquarters in Ottawa. This report stated that something had hit the water in Shag Harbor, but the object was of “unknown origin.”
The HMCS Granby was ordered to the location, where divers searched the bottom of the ocean for several days, but without positive results.
Soon, the story of the mysterious crash at Shag Harbor died as quickly as it had begun. That is, until 1993. As the original story faded from papers and newscasts, several theories were put forward. One explanation was that a Russian spacecraft had crashed, which would explain the presence of a Russian submarine in the area. There was also the rumor of American involvement in the follow-up investigation, but there was no official statement from the United States.
The Shag Harbor incident would have new life breathed into it through the efforts of MUFON investigator Chris Styles. The case intrigued him so much that he decided to search for more details. Styles found the names of many of the original witnesses through newspaper clippings, and was able to interview many of them.
Styles was assisted by MUFON investigator Doug Ledger. These two men would uncover some extremely compelling evidence through their interviews. They discovered that when the divers of the Granby finished their work, the case was not over, after all.
The divers, along with other witnesses related these events: The object that dove into the waters of the harbor had soon left the Shag area, traveling underwater for about 25 miles to a place called Government Point, which was near a submarine detection base. The object was spotted on sonar there, and Naval vessels were positioned over it. After a couple of days, the military was planning a salvage operation, when a second UFO joined the first. Common belief at the time was that the second craft had arrived to render aid to the first.
At this time, the Navy decided to wait and watch. After about a week of monitoring the two UFOs, some of the vessels were called to investigate a Russian submarine which had entered Canadian waters. At this point,the two underwater craft made their move. They made their way to the Gulf of Maine, and putting distance between themselves and the chasing Navy boats, they broke the surface, and shot away into the skies.
These extraordinary events were corroborated by many witnesses, both civilian and military. Unfortunately, the reports were given “off the record.” Ex-military personnel feared the loss of their pensions, and civilian witnesses feared ridicule, and their privacy being invaded. The unusual events of Shag Harbor command an important place in the study of UFOs. There is little doubt that something “unknown” crashed into the waters of Shag Harbor on October 4, 1967.
Anonymous: Linda Moulton Howe - "You Need to Hear This, They Are Already Here!"
Anonymous: Linda Moulton Howe - "You Need to Hear This, They Are Already Here!"
Anonymous: You Need to Hear It, They Are Already Here!
“It’s called the American Dream, because you need to be asleep to believe it”
– George Carlin
Anonymous is the most famous ‘hacktivist’ group in the world. The informal nature of the group makes its mechanics difficult to define. Subsequently, without a formal organizational hierarchy, it’s difficult to explain Anonymous to the general public and the media. In this article, I’ll explain the history of the group, and offer some clarity on what’s misunderstood about them.
‘Hacktivist’ is a portmanteau of ‘hacker’ and ‘activist’. When people have technical skills, have access to the Internet, and understand how network infrastructure and servers work, it can be tempting to put that knowledge into having some effect on the world. The ‘activist’ part of ‘hacktivist’ means that they don’t do their hacking and cracking without a cause.
The various people behind Anonymous worldwide are united in the belief that corporations and organizations they consider to be corrupt should be attacked. If you’re an administrator for a network that has little reason to be a target for social activists, your network and servers are unlikely to become a target for Anonymous.
If for some reason you believe your network might become a target, I recommend testing it for handling DDoS attacks, as that’s the most common method Anonymous uses to bring down web servers.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Tictac UFO Seen Over City In Mexico On Dec 3, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News
Tictac UFO Seen Over City In Mexico On Dec 3, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 3, 2020
Location of sighting: Cuautepec, Mexico
The eyewitness was outside recording chem trails and he noticed a long white UFO in the shape of a tictac. The UFO was very near the area of the chem trail and my have either been investigating the chem trail or it had made it earlier itself. The object has no wings, no tail no lights, no landing gear no insignias of any kind. It cloud be a blimp, but moves incredibly fast for a blimp and doesn't have the right shape for a blimp. This is an alien ship.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
I stopped to record chemtrails that appear in the background of the video and UFO appears at very high speed. UFO in Cuautepec, Chemtrails in the Sky.
Black Disk Moving Slowly Over Belfast, Ireland During Evening, Nov 27, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Black Disk Moving Slowly Over Belfast, Ireland During Evening, Nov 27, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Nov 27, 2020
Location of sighting:Belfast, Ireland
The eyewitness was lucky enough to catch a black disk flying over Belfast, Ireland two weeks ago. The UFO moved slowly during the evening. The object is a disk, it's not a balloon because it would be rotating or flipping end over end. This however is keeping the flat side down. Very interesting, looks 100% alien technology to me. Awesome catch.
Ring UFO Over Highway at Irvine, California On Dec 9, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Ring UFO Over Highway at Irvine, California On Dec 9, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 9, 2020 Location of sighting: Irvine, California, USA
Listen to the eyewitnesses surprise as they soon resize the glowing light ahead of them is a glowing ring UFO. You can really hear the surprise in their voices and I have to admit...I was a bit excited too because white rings are a rare event. Very cool, and seen over the freeway in Irvine...there should be more reports coming in over the next few days. 100% proof that UFO are buzzing over Irvine.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
I first spotted it when we are halfway back from Long Beach entering Irvine over the 405 there was three I initially spotted and the total went up to nine. My daughter who is four years old, my boyfriend who is in the passenger seat and I all saw the crafts and watched them move very erratically and descend closer to us. My boyfriend became very afraid at this point as we could all see the lights in a circular pattern around the Circumference of the crafts and the one that descended very close to us in particular but they all seem to descend closer in unison heading inland and south.
My boyfriend was recording this on his phone and we both saw a orb pass right through Our eyeline as we are watching the crafts. They followed us all the way until we got home and then there was only one left and it too disappeared. It was very strange almost like they were trying to communicate with us. This isn’t my first foray into UFO spotting‘s but it was my boyfriend and my daughters first actual sighting although they’ve been with me when I’ve seen them.
Orb Follows Guy Recording It, Over Port Orchard, Washington On Dec 9, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Orb Follows Guy Recording It, Over Port Orchard, Washington On Dec 9, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 9, 2020 Location of sighting: Port Orchard, Washington, USA
The eyewitness believes that the UFO was actually watching the it being recorded. Often times UFOs do that. Its been recorded in dozens of Project Blue Book reports. So when he said that...it clicked. This is a real UFO over Washington.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
I believe this sighting to be a possible drone, it seemed to take notice of me filming it and then follow me around where I was walking in the evening. At one point it appeared that the luminous ball was aflame. It continued to move slowly over and near where I was walking. I watched it move about for about 30 minutes. I did see a group of younger people a good distance from me looking at something together, drone controller? I left the area after about thirty minutes so I don’t know where it went.
Two Black UFOs Over Washington DC On Dec 11, 2020, UFO Sighting News. MUFON.
Two Black UFOs Over Washington DC On Dec 11, 2020, UFO Sighting News. MUFON.
Date of sighting: Dec 11, 2020 Location of sighting: Washington DC, USA Source: MUFON
The eyewitness stated that they noticed some black objects in the sky and began recording. The two objects were moving slightly and seemed to be following one another. Similar UFOs have been recorded by the US military in recent released videos in infrared. These black UFOs look very similar to one of those UFO videos. Aliens over Washington DC...the most powerful city in all America...thats kind of expected right? Aliens want an insight into how the government officials are thinking right now...and tapping into our communication networks is the fast track to such information.
Glowing UFO Over Bronx, New York On Nov 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Glowing UFO Over Bronx, New York On Nov 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Nov 2020 Location of sighting:Bronx, New York, USA
Watch as this person catches a glowing orb at night passing over the home in the Bronx a few weeks ago. The eyewitness said he noticed it but was slow to begin to record it. It does look like an orb and also seems to be interested in the people watching it since it passes very close to them. John Lennon himself had a UFO sighting in New York, and so have thousand of other regular folks. Aliens fly over all cities some time or other and New York is especially interesting since the pandemic and spread of covid is so widespread.
Cylindrical UFO moving slowly at low altitude near El Paso, Texas
Cylindrical UFO moving slowly at low altitude near El Paso, Texas
The next video posted byUfo contactados Mexicali V.I.P on their Facebook page was captured in El Paso Texas on December 8, 2020, the witness while driving noticed a strange flying object that was at low altitude very close to the road.
He immediately took out his cell phone and began to record, the huge object which was moving slowly. Apparently it appears to be a cylindrical UFO.
It seems that UFOs like this one are common in that area.
Daytime UFO sighting over Washington, DC YESTERDAY
Daytime UFO sighting over Washington, DC YESTERDAY
This daytime UFO video was filmed on 11th December 2020 over Washington DC.
Witness report:
I was sitting in tree stand facing southeast deer hunting. At 5:38 pm cst a light was noticed approx 70 degrees overhead traveling east. I struggled for about 20 seconds to get rifle rested, gloves off, and cell phone out of my pocket. Light immediately changed direction of travel to southeast and I started recording video. Light continued moving southeast for approx 36 seconds before going out.
An enormous supervolcano may be hiding under Alaskan islands
An enormous supervolcano may be hiding under Alaskan islands
A geologic game of connect the dots reveals hints of a giant undersea crater
The multiple volcanoes in the Islands of the Four Mountains (shown), part of the chain that make up the Aleutian Islands in southwestern Alaska, appear to be connected by one large caldera created when a supervolcano erupted, a new study suggests.
A mysterious, previously undiscovered supervolcano may be lurking beneath Alaska’s Aleutian Islands.
A new study suggests a wide crater, created when the supervolcano exploded, connects at least four existing volcanoes. It’s so big that if the supervolcano erupted during the last few thousand years, it could have disrupted civilizations around the world, says John Power, a geophysicist at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Alaska Volcano Observatory. Power presents the findings at the annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union on December 7.
The discovery, not yet confirmed, emerged from several pieces of evidence that at first glance seem unrelated, says Diana Roman, a volcanologist at Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, D.C. “There’s no one smoking gun,” she says. And in fact, the mythical-sounding Islands of the Four Mountains, actually six volcanoes located near the center of the island chain, look like an ordinary volcanic cluster.
But taken together, the data point convincingly to the existence of a caldera about 20 kilometers across. The volcanoes’ peaks are arranged in a ring and bathymetric seafloor mapping, mostly from the 1950s, shows arc-shaped ridges and a 130-meter-deep depression in the center of the ring. Both are clues that the volcanoes are connected by one big caldera, a massive crater that forms when a very large magma chamber in a volcano explodes and empties.
Gravity data from satellites echo the look of other calderas. And analysis of such volcanic gases such as sulfur dioxide, as well as patterns of microearthquakes also suggest the presence of a caldera.
Searching for a supervolcano
Some of the clues that a supervolcano may lurk under the Islands of the Four Mountains, in the Aleutian Islands chain in southwest Alaska, come from seafloor topography mapping, like this bathymetry map compiled by NOAA. Gray areas mark the existing volcanoes. The orange zones show shallow volcanic areas apparently connected below the surface in a roughly circular pattern.
Seafloor mapping around Mount Cleveland
HÉLÈNE LE MÉVEL
“We weren’t surprised there were microearthquakes,” says Roman, considering one of the volcanoes, Mount Cleveland, is one of the most active volcanoes in the Aleutians. But, she says, those microearthquakes extended farther east and north than they would expect just based on the volcanoes seen at the surface. “That makes more sense in the context of the caldera.”
One hallmark of many calderas is still-active volcanoes on their rims that tap into the same magma chamber, even long after the caldera itself formed. Mount Cleveland fits that scenario. It has “erupted 60 or 70 times since 2001,” says Power. Besides blasting out sky-high ash plumes that disrupt air travel (SN: 11/27/18), this level of constant activity is typical of volcanoes rimming other known calderas, he says. One such volcano is Indonesia’s Rinjani, whose eruption around the year 1257 dumped enough sulfur particles into the atmosphere to cool the entire planet (SN: 6/14/12).
Piecing the evidence together has been challenging, thanks to the extremely remote location, a largely underwater setting and newer volcanic deposits which obscure older ones. In addition, separate studies provided different lines of evidence for a supervolcano caldera, but none connected the dots. Roman likens the team’s approach to “looking under the couch cushions.”
“It’s a neat example of how lots of threads come together to make a bigger story,” says Michael Poland, a volcanologist with the USGS’s Yellowstone Volcano Observatory who was not involved in the study. “We’re starting to get the datasets we need to make these sorts of discoveries.”
The Aleutians site is accessible only a short time each year, Poland says, so “it’s a mad rush to collect data.” But that’s exactly what the team hopes to do to confirm the caldera’s existence. It also plans to search for matching ash in ice cores collected in other parts of the world to determine when the supervolcano would have erupted. “These very large calderas have very large impacts globally,” says Power. “This potential identification helps us understand what we might expect, why Cleveland is so active, and understand the hazards.”
Japanese scientists are thrilled to finally have asteroid samples arrive Monday (Dec. 7) after a long flight from Australia — and a much longer journey through the solar system.
Those rocks originate on a near-Earth asteroid called Ryugu; the Hayabusa2 spacecraft snagged them in 2019 before a yearlong journey to deliver them to Earth in a small sample-return capsule. The capsule landed on Dec. 5 in the Woomera Prohibited Area in South Australia, creating a stunning fireball in the pre-dawn skies. Japanese scientists on site successfully tracked down the capsule and collected the precious cosmic delivery to begin the final leg of its journey.
"The dream has come true," Hitoshi Kuninaka, director general of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science at the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), which runs the Hayabusa2 mission, said during a news conference held Dec. 5 in Japan.
The Hayabusa2 spacecraft left Ryugu in November 2019 after snagging samples from the asteroid's surface and interior. The main spaceship parted ways with the return capsule just two days before the delivery was complete and retreated to begin work on its extended mission, which will feature encounters with two more asteroids, in 2026 and 2031.
Meanwhile, scientists in Australia waited for the distinctive fireball the capsule would create on its way in through the atmosphere. "The weather was crystal clear," Yuichi Tsuda, project manager for Hayabusa2, said during the news conference of the weather at the capsule's arrival. The fireball streaked through the Southern Cross and near Alpha Centauri, according to officials during the news conference.
But the stunning re-entry fireball images that observers were able to capture nearly didn't exist. A storm passed through the area the day before, and scientists worried that the weather would make the retrieval process more difficult. "One day before there was heavy rain; we were very lucky," Satoru Nakazawa, recovery manager for the mission, said during the news conference.
Although the weather cleared, there was still a tense moment during the recovery, he said. The sun hadn't yet risen when the capsule landed, which made its beacon signal less clear to waiting receivers. "I was very, very, very nervous and uneasy," Nakazawa said. "We had to spend a very jittering frustrating time until the sun rose."
Once the sun rose, the scientists could see the capsule for themselves, perfectly within the planned landing area and crashed next to a bush on Woomera's red soil. JAXA personnel carefully untangled the parachute, bush and capsule, Nakazawa explained, cautious in case any explosive parachute triggers remained loaded.
After the initial inspection, about two dozen staff jumped into action, ferrying the spacefaring capsule into a box for safekeeping, then to a helicopter that carried it to the team's headquarters. There, scientists attempted to draw a gas sample from the capsule, which may still contain gases from Ryugu itself.
But the clock was ticking: The Hayabusa2 team wanted the sample in Japan within 100 hours of its return to Earth in order to keep the space rock pristine. So the capsule's next destination was an airplane for a nine-hour flight from Australia to Japan on Monday.
"There the sample will start to tell its stories and reveal to us some wonderful science," Megan Clark, head of the Australian Space Agency, said during the news conference. "2020 has been a difficult year all around the world, but Hayabusa2 and the safe return of the capsule reminds us to renew our faith in the world and our trust and appreciation and awe in the science of our universe."
Even before setting eyes on the sample themselves, scientists with the mission are thrilled about the successful collection procedure and the scientific discoveries that will result.
"Hayabusa2 is home. It has finished six years of voyage and we landed in the Woomera and we could collect the treasure box," Tsuda said. (The mission launched in December 2014.) "Hayabusa2 is still in perfect shape and the capsule is also perfect … We're really looking forward to seeing that capsule."
Email Meghan Bartels at mbartels@space.com or follow her on Twitter @meghanbartels.
NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter captured an image of China's Chang'e 5 lander on the moon just hours after its historic landing.
The Chang'e 5 lander set down on the lunar surface last Tuesday, Dec. 1. Thanks to China's prompt release of the stunning Chang'e 5 landing video, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) team were able to locate the roughly 4-ton spacecraft in Oceanus Procellarum, the "Ocean of Storms," and prepare for when LRO would pass overhead the next day.
The image shows the Chang'e 5 lander in the center of three craters. Automated systems had helped the spacecraft avoid these hazards to land safely.
The relatively flat area near the Chang'e 5 lander was created by basaltic lavas. While over a billion years old, this unit of basalt is thought to be much younger than the Apollo landing areas, which are aged at over 3 billion years. Samples are therefore of great interest to scientists, who want to know why this region was volcanically active much more recently than most other places on the moon.
The image was taken before the Chang'e 5 ascent vehicle blasted off from the surface with the collected samples. The ascent vehicle has since performed a spectacular rendezvous and docking with the Chang'e 5 orbiter and handed over the samples. Chang'e 5 will begin its journey to Earth later this week.
A wider view of the Chang'e 5 landing area taken by LRO. (Image credit: NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University)
The Chang'e 5 sample return mission is expected to last just 23 days, ending with a landing in Inner Mongolia around Dec. 17.
LRO meanwhile has been mapping the moon in high definition for more than 11 years while also hunting for signs of water.
Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.
Any alien intelligence capable of traveling to Earth would likely have some secrets to share about the laws of physics.
KTSIMAGE/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES PLUS
Any science journalist would rejoice at the revelation of aliens on Earth. It would be the story of a lifetime. So it’s not surprising that a former Israeli space official’s claim that a Galactic Federation is known to the U.S. government has made a few headlines and trended on Twitter.
Of course, most science journalists have already been alerted to the presence of aliens by any number of readers who would like to testify about their personal E.T. encounters.
Yet despite how desperately some science journalists wish for alien visitation to be real, few among us ever believe any such reports. Proper policy is to decline to interview any would-be informant about their alien experience and instead insist on interviewing the aliens themselves.
And so I would be willing to come out of retirement and conduct such an interview if any Galactic Federation alien monitoring Science News would be willing to submit to some tough questions. Only condition would be the alien must wear a high-quality mask, covering its damn nose if it has one.
Now, it’s a pretty safe bet that such an interview isn’t going to happen. It’s more likely that the Washington Football Team wins the next Super Bowl. Or even the New York Jets. But just in case, it’s a good idea to start preparing the questions. Here are my Top 10, followed by my best guesses at the alien’s answers.
The questions:
Q1. How do you spell your name?
Q2. Using Earth astronomical terminology, where are you from?
Q3. Have you not seen The War of the Worlds?
Q4. What is your favorite interpretation of quantum mechanics?
Q5. Are you in any way responsible for COVID-19 or any other serious disease-causing agent, and are you sorry?
Q6. When you looked at that dress, did it look black and blue or white and gold?
Q7. What particular scientific theoretical breakthrough enabled the technology you have exploited for interstellar travel?
Q8. Can you define P value correctly and explain its limitations for drawing scientific inferences?
Q9. What is the airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow?
Q10. Why in the world haven’t you provided us with sufficiently sophisticated algorithmic artificial intelligence to neutralize the damage to our civilization perpetrated by social media?
And the possible answers:
Q1. How do you spell your name?
A1. “Spell? There is no spell. There is name or not name.”
Hard to argue with that.
Q2. Using Earth astronomical terminology, where are you from?
A3. “Saw both versions. Tom Cruise is no Gene Barry. Galaxy Quest was a more realistic movie, though.”
Q4. What is your favorite interpretation of quantum mechanics?
A4. “Quantum mechanics needs no particular interpretation if it is formulated without the preexisting prejudice that nature should exhibit cause-and-effect determinism. It’s all about understanding the nature of time as a source of novelty rather than a continuous parameter dictating the evolution of a function. What you call randomness or indeterminism is what we call information creation. A few of your earthling scientists have begun to catch on a little bit to this idea. Check out arxiv.org/abs/2002.01653.”
Q5. Are you in any way responsible for COVID-19 or any other serious disease-causing agent, and are you sorry?
A5. “Possibly we brought in a disease or two, but on the other hand, you hooked us on tobacco.”
Q6. When you looked at that dress, did it look black and blue or white and gold?
A6. “Hah! We invented that dress to keep you guys distracted from some other stuff we had going on.”
Q7. What particular scientific theoretical breakthrough enabled the technology you have exploited for interstellar travel?
A7. “Well, that’s related to the quantum question. The key insight came from the Vulcans, who realized that continuum mathematics at the foundation of calculus was not the only possible logical mathematical system. You need what you call intuitionistic math — as I mentioned, read arxiv.org/abs/2002.01653. And also this paper. Once you get rid of that unwieldy infinity of real numbers lots of things are easier to solve, like quantum gravity. Technology takes off from there.”
Vulcans? Well, right, this is the Galactic Federation.
Q8. Can you define P value correctly and explain its limitations for drawing scientific inferences?
A8. “Oh, we’ve been trying for years to feed you guys clues about how worthless P values are. We don’t allow any new worlds into the federation until their scientists stop using P values. A P value is the probability of getting an observed result or a more extreme result if the hypothesis of getting a null result is true, given the mathematical model of the data and all other assumptions built into your experiment. Doesn’t tell you a damn thing about whether the null hypothesis is true or not. Just gives a hint about whether your result is surprising or not. It could be surprising and therefore wrong or could be surprising and right. Go read this paper.”
I did.
Q9. What is the airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow?
A9. “What do you mean?”
Only half credit for that — it’s not the whole answer.
Q10. Why in the world haven’t you provided us with sufficiently sophisticated algorithmic artificial intelligence to neutralize the damage to our civilization perpetrated by social media?
Alien runs off.
OMG, I just realized the answer to that one is that Zuckerberg is one of the aliens.
Coronal mass ejections – CMEs for short – are powerful eruptions near the surface of the sun that ripple through our solar system and can interfere with satellites and power grids on Earth.
Coronal mass ejection of February 27, 2000. A disk is being used to block out the light of the sun. The white circle indicates the sun’s surface.
Every so often, the sun burps, with the power of 20 million nuclear bombs. These hiccups are known as coronal mass ejections or CMEs. They are powerful eruptions near the surface of the sun, driven by kinks in the solar magnetic field. The resulting shocks ripple through the solar system and can interrupt satellites and power grids on Earth.
During a CME, enormous bubbles of superheated gas – called plasma – are ejected from the sun. Over the course of several hours, a billion tons of material are lifted off the sun’s surface and accelerated to speeds of a million miles per hour (1.6 million kilometers per hour). This can happen several times a day when the sun is most active. During its quieter periods, CMEs occur only about once every five days.
The underlying cause of CMEs is not well understood. Astronomers agree, however, that the sun’s magnetic field plays a major role. Because the sun is a fluid, turbulence tends to twist the magnetic field into complex contortions. Twist the field too much, and it kinks, much like a phone cord or toy Slinky. These kinks snap the magnetic field and can potentially drive vast amounts of plasma into space.
The plasma itself is a cloud of protons and electrons carried aloft by the solar wind. Traveling at a million miles per hour (1.6 million kph), the ejecta can cross the 93-million-mile (150-million-km) distance to Earth in just a few days.
A jet moving that fast would get you from Los Angeles to New York in 18 seconds.
Because CMEs get blown off the sun in all directions, most don’t come anywhere near Earth. But every so often, an eruption is aimed right at us. When the plasma cloud hits our planet, a geomagnetic storm follows. The shock wave of charged particles compresses the Earth’s dayside magnetic field while the nightside gets stretched out. Like an elongated rubber band, the terrestrial magnetic field eventually snaps back with the same amount of energy as a bolt of lightning.
The video below shows the particle flow around Earth as solar ejecta associated with a coronal mass ejection strike:
The onslaught of charged particles and the temporary restructuring of the Earth’s magnetic field has observable effects. Auroral lights, usually only seen near the poles, can drift to lower latitudes and become more brilliant. The disturbance of the magnetic field can also expose Earth to deadly cosmic rays. The atmosphere still provides enough protection for everyone on the ground. But astronauts in space may receive lethal doses of radiation. During a solar storm in 1989, cosmonauts aboard the Mir space station received their maximum yearly radiation dose in just a few hours!
The real long-lasting danger comes from the storm’s effect on technology. The flurry of magnetic activity and induced electric currents has the potential to severely disrupt power grids, satellites, communication networks, that is, anything that uses electricity. When the sun aimed a CME at us in that 1989 event I just mentioned, the resulting storm collapsed the Hydro-Québec power grid. Six million people were without power for nine hours.
But the 1989 storm is nothing compared to the geomagnetic storm of 1859. Known as the Carrington Event, after amateur astronomer Richard Carrington, who observed the flares that triggered the storm, it was the most powerful geomagnetic storm ever recorded. Auroras were observed as far south as Hawaii and the Caribbean. Witnesses at higher latitudes reported being able to read newspapers by the light of the aurora alone. Telegraph networks around the globe catastrophically failed; operators received shocks and telegraph paper caught on fire.
A repeat of the Carrington Event in today’s far more interconnected world would be devastating. Cascading failures could quickly shut power down to millions of people in a matter of minutes. Communication networks would fail and GPS satellites, upon which the entire air traffic system relies, would shut down.
A repeat of 1859 could be truly catastrophic!
Obviously, we don’t want to be surprised by a powerful Earth-bound CME. That’s why astronomers study the sun. Besides the joy of discovering how stars work, a better understanding of solar activity can help us be better prepared. With even just a few hours warning before an impending CME strike, we could safely shut down and protect essential services. Disruptions may then only last a few hours, rather than the days, weeks, and months that might otherwise occur.
CMEs are just another reminder of how fragile our pale blue dot is as it races around the sun.
On August 31, 2012, the Solar Dynamics Observatory caught the sun launching streams of plasma into space at nearly 900 miles (about 1,400 km) per second.
Image via NASA/GSFC/SDO.
Bottom line: Coronal mass ejections – also knowns as CMEs – are powerful eruptions on the sun’s surface. Caused by instabilities in the sun’s magnetic field, they can launch a billion tons of superheated gas into space. Most drift harmlessly across the solar system, but occasionally one is aimed at Earth. When that happens, the resulting magnetic storm can severely disrupt electrical systems and produce brilliant auroral displays.
KOMENDE ZONDAG ZIJN BIJ HELDER WEER TOT WEL 100 VALLENDE STERREN PER UUR TE ZIEN
KOMENDE ZONDAG ZIJN BIJ HELDER WEER TOT WEL 100 VALLENDE STERREN PER UUR TE ZIEN
Vivian Lammerse
De Geminiden lijken een mooie show weg te gaan geven.
Het koude en gure weer is zondag alles behalve een reden om binnen te blijven. In de nacht van zondag op maandag zijn namelijk weer de befaamde geminiden te aanschouwen; één van de mooiste jaarlijkse meteorenzwermen. Volgens Marc van der Sluys van Hemel.waarnemen.com zijn de omstandigheden dit jaar bijzonder gunstig. En dus kunnen we bij helder weer tot wel 100 vallende sterren per uur spotten!
Geminiden Geminiden kenmerken zich door hun grote aantallen, de helderheid, gelige kleur en de korte sporen die ze achterlaten. Bovendien kunnen ze snelheden van wel 125.000 kilometer per uur bereiken. Dat klinkt misschien heel wat, maar voor meteoren is dit niet heel snel of langzaam.
Naam De meteorenzwerm heeft de naam de Geminiden gekregen omdat de sterrenregen uit het sterrenbeeld Tweelingen (Gemini) lijkt te komen. Dit sterrenbeeld vind je ‘s avonds boven de oostelijke en ‘s ochtends boven de westelijke horizon. Maar in werkelijkheid is het te danken aan planetoïde Phaethon. Deze heeft puin in zijn baan achtergelaten en elk jaar beweegt de aarde rond dezelfde tijd door die met puin gevulde baan heen.
Lichtflits Hoewel meteoren in de volksmond ook wel vallende sterren worden genoemd, hebben de lichtflitsjes die je langs de hemel ziet schieten helemaal niets met sterren te maken. De lichtflitsjes ontstaan doordat ruimtepuin – vaak gaat het dan om vrij kleine deeltjes – in de aardatmosfeer belanden. Het ruimtepuin dringt de aardatmosfeer met hoge snelheid binnen, waardoor het wordt afgeremd en verhit. Ook de lucht rond het puindeeltje wordt verhit en gaat gloeien. En zo ontstaat het lichtflitsje dat wij vanaf de aarde zien.
Van zondag op maandag zijn er rond middernacht zo’n 75 tot 90 meteoren – afkomstig uit oostelijke richting – per uur te zien, zo voorspelt Hemel.waarnemen.com. Naarmate de nacht vordert, neemt dat aantal toe. Zo wordt verwacht dat er rond 2.00 uur ’s nachts – in het zuiden – zo’n 100 tot 120 Geminiden per uur verschijnen.
De afbeelding toont een kaartje van de sterrenhemel in zuidwestelijke richting op 14 december om 1:45 uur, wanneer de meeste Geminiden te zien zijn. De (groene) balk onderin is de horizon. De (gele) cirkel geeft het punt aan de hemel aan waar de meteoren vandaan lijken te komen; de sporen stellen meteoren voor (schematisch). De figuurtjes zijn de sterrenbeelden; de naam is in het sterrenbeeld vermeld. Hieronder zijn kaartjes in zwart-wit en/of PDF/vectorformaat beschikbaar. Credit: hemel.waarnemen.com
Zoals gezegd lijken de omstandigheden dit jaar heel gunstig. Dat komt doordat het maanlicht geen storende factor zal zijn. Het hoogtepunt van de Geminiden zal laat in de avond plaatsvinden en de maan komt vervolgens pas in de ochtend op. Daarom zul je de Geminiden prachtig met het blote oog aan de nachtelijke hemel kunnen zien pronken.
Tenminste… …Als de weersomstandigheden natuurlijk goed zijn. Het huidige weerbericht voor zondagavond is niet heel veelbelovend. Maar geen nood. Want de Universiteit van Amsterdam organiseert samen met de Koninklijke Nederlandse Vereniging voor Weer- en Sterrenkunde vanaf 21.00 uur een livestream. Bij slecht weer gebruikt de organisatie beelden van radiotelescopen. En met die telescopen kunnen onderzoekers door de wolken heen turen. Sterrenkundehoogleraar en radioastronoom Ralph Wijers (UvA) en meteorenexpert Felix Bettonvil (Universiteit Leiden en KNVWS) geven tijdens de livestream de nodige uitleg. Na de livestream kunnen liefhebbers samen virtueel verder kijken met de Werkgroep Meteoren.
Wil je liever je eigen geluk beproeven, dan kan dat natuurlijk ook. Want als de wolken wegblijven, kun je de meteorenzwerm ook op eigen houtje bewonderen. Je hebt hier namelijk geen speciale apparatuur voor nodig. Het blote oog en een heldere hemel volstaan. Zoek wel even een donkere plek op, want dan kun je ook de zwakkere meteoren aan de hemel zien prijken. En oh, denk ook even aan warme kleding.
A captured the images to create this composite on December 14, 2018. He wrote of the 2018 Geminid shower, “I witnessed 200+ meteors, most of them very faint.”
If you had to pick one morning for watching the 2020 Geminid meteor shower, it’d probably be Monday morning, December 14. But Saturday and Sunday mornings might be good as well. At their peak, on a dark, moonless night, the Geminids have been known to produce 120 meteors per hour – or more – in the wee hours after midnight. Any and all meteors are fun to see! Plus, the moon is at and near the new phase for this year’s shower, giving us a dark, moonless sky for this year’s Geminid shower. Not sure where to watch? Try EarthSky’s Best Places to Stargaze page.
Not sure how to watch? Here are 10 tips.
1. Watch late night to dawn.
Geminid meteor numbers tend to intensify as evening deepens into late night, with the greatest number of Geminids likely falling an hour or two after midnight, when the meteor shower’s radiant point appears highest in the sky as seen from around the globe. That time holds true no matter your time zone.
A farmer’s field? A stretch of country road? A campsite with a clear view in one or more directions? An open sky will increase your chances of seeing some meteors.
4. Watch for an hour or more.
The 2020 Geminid meteor shower will be better if you let your eyes adapt to the dark. That can take as long as 20 minutes. Plus the meteors tend to come in spurts, followed by lulls. Be patient! You’ll see some.
5. Don’t worry about the radiant point.
You don’t need to look in a single direction – or locate the Geminid’s radiant point – to have fun watching the shower. The meteors will appear all over the sky. The radiant point is interesting, though. If you track Geminid meteors backwards on the sky’s dome, you’ll find them streaming from this point, within the constellation Gemini the Twins. Hence this shower’s name.
In December 2020, there’s no moonlight to ruin the show. New moon is December 14. But – in the weekend mornings, just prior to the Geminids’ peak morning (also December 14), you can catch the waning crescent moon moon and Venus in the east before sunup. They would be a grand way to end a meteor shower!
As the predawn darkness begins to give way to morning twilight, watch for the waning crescent moon and the dazzling planet Venus rise into your eastern sky. What a wonderful way to cap a night of meteor watching!
7. Think about the Geminids’ parent object.
Most meteors in annual showers originate in comets. But the parent of the Geminid meteor shower is a mysterious body named 3200 Phaethon. This solar system object is termed an Apollo (near-Earth) asteroid, and it might be a dormant comet. How does that help you watch the shower? It doesn’t. But it’s fun to contemplate on a dark night under the stars.
Both of you watch different parts of the sky. If one of you sees one, shout out “meteor!” Again, don’t worry about which direction to look. Just let your eyes rove casually in all parts of the sky.
9. Special equipment? Not necessary.
You only need a dark sky, a reclining lawn chair and the warmth of a sleeping bag. A hot drink and a snack can also be good.
10. Enjoy nature.
As a wise man once said, meteor watching is a lot like fishing. You go outside. You hope you catch some!
Bottom line:We anticipate 2020 will be a great year for watching the Geminid meteor shower! Here are 10 tips.
Oldest mammal hair ever discovered is found preserved in amber dating back 110MILLION years - as experts say its owner probably got stuck to a tree while snoozing
Oldest mammal hair ever discovered is found preserved in amber dating back 110MILLION years - as experts say its owner probably got stuck to a tree while snoozing
Scientists uncovered dinosaur feather at site in Teruel, Aragon, eastern Spain
Three strands of mammal hair and dinosaur feathers found at Santa María mine
Both pieces 'exceptionally preserved' and date back to Early Cretaceous period
The oldest piece of mammalian hair ever discovered has been found preserved in amber that could be 110 million years old.
Scientists also found a dinosaur feather at the same site in Teruel, Aragon, eastern Spain, and say the remains date from between 105 and 110 million years ago.
The two pieces of resin containing three strands of mammal hair and dinosaur feathers were uncovered the Santa María mine near Teruel's capital Ariño.
Although mammal hair has been found imprinted in 160 million year old fossils, the previous oldest piece actually preserved dates from 100 million years ago.
The two pieces of resin containing three strands of mammal hair and dinosaur feathers (pictured) were uncovered the Santa María mine in Teruel, Aragon, eastern Spain
Both pieces date back to the Early Cretaceous period and have been 'exceptionally preserved' through a process dubbed 'pull off vestiture'.
This suggests the animals came into contact with the resin while resting or sleeping in a tree over 100 million years ago.
The feathers and hair would have then been 'torn off' when the animals woke up and tried to move as the amber had dried.
Microscopic scale patterns on the three hairs, their parallel predisposition and similar proportions, allowed the researchers to identify them as belonging to a mammal.
While Spain is a known hot spot for Cretaceous fossils, the researchers were not expecting to find animal remains preserved in amber.
Co-author doctoral student Sergio Álvarez-Parra from the University of Barcelona said: 'The determination of both findings is very complex, but it is likely for the feather remains to correspond to the extinct birds Enantiornithes, like other feathers in amber.
'Regarding the lock of hair, we should consider that the surface scale pattern is similar to the current mammalian hair.
'Ariño was already known for its vertebrate fossils, such as the dinosaurs Proa valdearinnoensis and Europelta carbonensis, but no-one thought we could find remains from vertebrates included in amber.'
While Spain is a known hot spot for Cretaceous fossils, the researchers were not expecting to find animal remains preserved in amber
(pictured)
The dinosaur feathers were discovered in a piece of amber shaped like a stalactite in Saint Just near the municipality of Utrillas a few years ago.
Both pieces were formed between 105 and 110 million years ago, during the Early Cretaceous period.
Senior author Professor Xavier Delclòs, also at the University of Barcelona said: 'The feature of the process described in this research is that a somewhat long time must pass between the animal's contact with the resin and the pulling off of the vestiture.
'Thus, the findings of this study and the new process shed light on the complexity of ecosystems during the Cretaceous.'
The Cretaceous period began 145 million years ago and ended 66 million years ago with the extinction of the dinosaurs.
Both pieces of amber are in the Palaeontological Museum of Aragon, Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel - Dinópolis.
The findings were published in the journal Scientific Reports.
RELATED IMAGES AND VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
The oldest mammal hair that’s ever been found preserved in amber dates back to the Early Cretaceous period between 105 and 110 million years ago. The three strands of mammal hair and dinosaur feathers were discovered at Santa Maria mine which is located in Teruel (near Ariño), Aragon, eastern Spain.
The reason why the hair and feathers were “exceptionally preserved” in the amber was because of a “pull off vestiture” which means that the animals would have rested against the sticky resin while sleeping or resting against a tree and once it hardened up, it would have pulled the hair/feathers off of the animal.
Professor Xavier Delclòs from the University of Barcelona, an author of the study, stated, “The feature of the process described in this research is that a somewhat long time must pass between the animal’s contact with the resin and the pulling off of the vestiture.”
The animals would have rested against the sticky resin in order for their fur or feathers to be pulled off.
While mammal hair had previously been found imprinted in fossils dating back 160 million years, the oldest one that was preserved dated back around 100 million years ago (prior to this new discovery).
After experts analyzed the pieces, they were able to confirm that the hair belonged to a mammal and the feathers most likely came from an extinct bird. Sergio Álvarez-Parra, a doctoral student at the University of Barcelona and another author of the study, explained this further, “The determination of both findings is very complex, but it is likely for the feather remains to correspond to the extinct birds Enantiornithes, like other feathers in amber.”
He went on to say, “Regarding the lock of hair, we should consider that the surface scale pattern is similar to the current mammalian hair.” “Ariño was already known for its vertebrate fossils, such as the dinosaurs Proa valdearinnoensis and Europelta carbonensis, but no-one thought we could find remains from vertebrates included in amber.”
Another example of resin dripping from a tree.
Professor Delclòs added that “the findings of this study and the new process shed light on the complexity of ecosystems during the Cretaceous.”
Spain is known for their many fossils that date back to the Cretaceous period, but the fact that they found hair and feathers so well preserved in amber was a definite surprise. The study was published in the journal Scientific Reports where it can be read in full.
Pictures of the mammal hair and feathers that were preserved in amber can be seen here.
On January 7, 1970, two men by the names of Aarno Heinonen and Esko Viljo were out for a leisurely day of cross-country skiing at a quaint forest near Imjarvi Finland, training for an upcoming competition. The day had been calm and relaxing, and the two of them had chatted about their lives, and when dusk came, they stopped to admire the clear night sky and its stars. They watched the sun dipping beyond the horizon even as it grew very cold, and as they watched the darkening sky there was something rather bizarre that demanded their attention. It started as a strange buzzing sound that filled their ears and heads, and as they looked about trying to ascertain where it was coming from, they allegedly saw a bright light in the sky rapidly moving towards them, which seemed to be a metallic craft of some sort. This would mark the beginning of a rather bizarre ordeal, which has gone on to become one of the most famous and weirdest UFO cases Finland has ever seen.
As the mystery light approached, that alien buzzing sensation became more acute, until it was nearly deafening, and the object seemed to be rounded and disc-shaped, around 10 feet in diameter. It came in to hover over the ground, and they could see that is seemed to be surrounded by a strange reddish gray mist. It was all a very unusual sight, and Heinonen would say of it:
The huge disk began to descend as it was enveloped with the red gray fog, which became more thin and transparent. It began to hover at a height of 10 to 13 ft, so near I could have touched it with my ski stick. The craft was completely round. When it came down obliquely towards us we saw it had a dome on the upper side. Along the lower edge was a kind of raised part on which were three spheres or domes spaced equidistantly.
Just when things couldn’t have possibly been any weirder, an opening suddenly appeared in the bottom of the craft, from which extended a tube that burst forth an intense bright light, which created a delineated circle of black-tinged light on the snow. The bright was so bright as to be almost blinding, with the men squinting and trying to get their bearings. It was about then that Heinonen felt as if he had been yanked backwards by some invisible force, and he then saw some sort of being ahead. He would explain of this:
I don’t think we said anything to each other at all. We were completely amazed. We saw the light move a couple of times before stopping and intensely illuminating a patch of snow about a meter in diameter, with round it a dark edge, almost coal-black and 1 cm wide. I was standing completely still. Suddenly I felt as if somebody had seized my waist from behind and pulled me backwards. I think I took a step backwards, and in the same second I caught sight of the creature. It was standing in the middle of the light beam with a black box in its hands. Out of a round opening in the box there came a yellow light, pulsating. It was about 3 ft tall, with very thin arms and legs. Its face was like pale wax. The nose was a hook rather than a nose. The ears were very small and narrowed toward the head. The creature wore some kind of overall in a light green material and a conical helmet shining like metal. The creature stood in the middle of the bright light and was luminous like phosphorus, but its face was very pale. Its shoulders were very thin and slanting, with thin arms like a child’s. There were also white gauntlets going up to the elbows, and the fingers were bent like claws around the black box.
This mysterious being stood there in the light with its black box, which was illuminated by an eerie yellow glow, and the red mist was suddenly everywhere again, obscuring their view of it and becoming so thick that they could barely see each other anymore. Throughout the mist could be seen dancing purple sparks, and the whole scene was at the same time frightening, surreal, and beautiful. The entity then whipped the box upward to point it right at the startled men, and both mist and sparks flew in their direction, which caused them to feel nauseous and for their legs to go numb. Heinonen would say:
The pulsating light was very bright, almost blinding. It was very silent in the forest. Suddenly a red-grey mist came flowing down from the object and large sparks started to fly from the illuminated circle of snow. The sparks were like tapers, about 10 cm long, red, green and violet. They floated out in long curves, rather slowly; many of them hit me, but though I expected them to burn me, At first I did not feel anything. My right leg had been nearest the light. The whole leg was stiff and aching. My foot was as if anaesthetized.
The strange fog got thicker and thicker until suddenly both the humanoid and its bizarre craft just seemed to disappear. The two men managed to stumble out of there, feeling nauseous, numb, and vomiting the whole way. They would later be plagued by health problems afterwards, including what they describe as black urine like ‘black coffee,” facial swelling, headaches and vision and memory problems. A doctor who examined them, a Dr Pauli Kajanoja, would say:
l think the men have suffered a great shock. Viljo was very red in the face and seemed a little swollen. Both seemed absent-minded. They talked quickly and incoherently. I could not find anything clinically wrong with Heinonen. He did not feel well, but that could have been his stomach reacting to the shock. The symptoms he described are like those after being exposed to radioactivity. Unfortunately, I had no instrument to measure that. As to the black urine, it seems inexplicable. Possibly it could have been blood in it, but this cannot go on for several months. If blood samples had been taken, they might have revealed changes in his blood. Both men seemed sincere, and I don’t think they had made the thing up. I’m sure they were in a state of shock when they came to me; something must have frightened them.
It is all very harrowing and inexplicable, indeed, and since both men were known as being honest and reliable the case was treated as very promising by ufologists at the time. Yet, Heinonen would muddy the waters in later years, when he claimed that between 1970 and 1972 he had over two dozen further UFO experiences, sometimes involving a beautiful blonde alien who would appear and talk to him. This humanoid was described as possessing some sort of spherical object and claimed to be over 180 years old, and was sometimes accompanied by a dwarfish creature about 3 feet tall and wearing a grey suit with white stripes. He also claimed that he had received a green pen from her at some point, but would say that it had gone missing, and he also complained that every time he tried to take a picture of the creatures his camera would vanish into thin air or be knocked out of his hand by an unseen force. Convenient.
The case is so orbited by bizarreness that it is really rather hard to know what to make of it. Heinonen’s later oddball comments would certainly shed skepticism on what was originally taken to be a possibly genuine report, leaving us to wonder what is going on here. What happened out there in that frigid wilderness? Was this a real alien encounter or just delusional ranting? It remains unknown.
When, shortly before 9:00 p.m. on the night of December 29, 1980, Vickie Landrum, her grandson, Colby, and Betty Cash exited the restaurant where they had just eaten a fine Texan dinner, they couldn’t imagine what was just around the corner. As they headed towards the town of Huffman, Texas, they were terrified by the sudden sight of an unknown object in the sky. Worse, it was descending on a flight-path guaranteed to ensure it landed on the road they were on. As they got closer, they could see the aerial thing appeared to be in flames and shaped not unlike a diamond. It reached a perilously low level of around twenty-five feet, something which ensured a screeching of brakes and the car brought to a shuddering standstill. The interior temperature of the car suddenly reached intolerable levels. The three jumped out of the vehicle and could only stare in awe and fear. Then, out of the blue, around two dozen, double-rotor helicopters were on the scene, clearly intent on caroling the UFO. Or, perhaps they were escorting it. Cash was sure they were Boeing CH-47 Chinooks. They watched as both the UFO and the helicopters left the area and were finally lost from sight.
Within days, all three fell sick: nausea and vomiting were at the forefront. Betty Cash was the one affected most of all – which may be explainable by the fact that she was the one member of the group who got closest to the object. Her hair started to fall out, her skin was covered with pustules and blisters, and the nausea got worse. Despite attempts to force the US Government to come clean on what went down, there was nothing but denial after denial from the authorities. The case is a puzzling one, with some UFO researchers believing the three encountered a real UFO, while others suspect they were unfortunate enough to cross paths with a top secret, nuclear-powered, prototype aircraft that was in deep trouble and that had to be retrieved as quickly as possible.
Interestingly, this was the same time-frame that things were going down in Rendlesham Forest, England. An official U.S. Air Force document, dated January 13, 1981, states (in part): “Early in the morning of 27 Dec 80 (approximately 0300L) two USAF security police patrolmen saw unusual lights outside the back gate at RAF Woodbridge. Thinking an aircraft might have crashed or been forced down, they called for permission to go outside the gate to investigate. The on-duty flight chief responded and allowed three patrolmen to proceed on foot. The individuals reported seeing a strange glowing object in the forest. The object was described as being metallic in appearance and triangular in shape, approximately two to three meters across the base and approximately two meters high. It illuminated the entire forest with a white light. The object itself had a pulsing red light on top and a bank(s) of blue lights underneath. The object was hovering or on legs. As the patrolmen approached the object, it maneuvered through the trees and disappeared. At this time the animals on a nearby farm went into a frenzy. The object was briefly sighted approximately an hour later near the back gate.”
Also of interest is the following. As Captain John E. Boyle of the U.S. Air Force informed me in 1988: “In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the 67th Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Squadron stationed at RAF Woodbridge [provided] standby rescue coverage for the American space flights. Of course, they were never needed to provide emergency rescue actions, but at the time, the unit was trained and available to rescue astronauts with their HH-53 and HC-130 aircraft. In early 1988, the 67th ARRS was re-designated as part of the 39th Special Operations Wing, their primary mission changing from that of rescue to supporting U.S. Special Operations forces. Their secondary mission remains that of search and rescue and they would provide any assistance necessary in future space missions [italics mine].”
It should be noted that RAF Woodbridge stood right next to Rendlesham Forest. Could there have been a connection between the events in Texas and those in the U.K.? If nothing else, it’s an issue worth looking into – and particularly so with the 40th anniversary just a few weeks away.
Back in May of this year Lisa Hagan Books published my book, The Rendlesham Forest UFO Conspiracy. It’s a book that suggests the strange events that took place in those English woods in December 1980 had nothing to do with aliens, but everything to do with secret, military experiments. Taking into consideration the fact that this December is the 40th anniversary of the famous event, I figured that at least a couple more new books on the subject would surface. I wasn’t wrong. In September, Rendlesham to Redemption: A Story of Transformation appeared. The author is Steven R. LaPlume. He was one of those involved in the controversial affair. I haven’t seen LaPlume’s book yet, but I will be reviewing it soon. There is, however, yet another new Rendlesham-themed book that I’m focusing on today. The title of the book is: Weaponisation of an Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon.
The author is John F. Burroughs. If you know your Rendlesham history, you will know that John – along with Jim Penniston and Charles Halt – was one of the key figures in the whole story. In other words, this is a book that – if you have an interest in the Rendlesham Forest saga – you will definitely want to read. In fact, I would say the book makes for absolutely essential reading. A month or so ago, me and John discussed the idea of me doing a review of his book to coincide with its publication. John thought it was a great idea. So did I. As a result, and in no time at all, John sent me a PDF of the manuscript. I read the whole book – absorbed, I have to say. John’s book is a definitive page-turner. Whatever your thoughts on the 1980 incidents are, you are most assuredly going to want to read this one. With all of that now said, let’s get onto the content of the book.
I must say that you may be surprised by some of the things that John has to say, and particularly so in relation to what did – or what didn’t – occur. But, we’ll get to all of that shortly. As the book begins, we are treated to a good, solid introduction to John’s life and his career in the U.S. military – and also how he came to be at the Royal Air Force Bentwaters base on the night(s) that his life was changed. John makes it very clear that he is not entirely certain of what happened to him. In his very own words, John says: “Penniston and I cannot be sure our memories are accurate. We can be certain that we think they are, but between the likely power of the real phenomenon to alter reality and the effects of sophisticated debriefing techniques, we can’t be sure that what we think happened, did.” There’s no doubt that is a brave statement for John to make. And particularly so, because much of what John has to say relates to secret, government experiments of the type I present in my own Rendlesham book. Indeed, John makes it clear that in the area there was “very exotic EW [electronic warfare] and radar technologies at play in East Anglia at the time.” John expands on all of this: “What did we encounter? Advanced technology developed in a special access program project intended to produce altered-perception of reality in the enemy?” Whatever the answer, John explains that what he personally encountered was not a “terrifying experience.” Rather, he makes clear, it was an “inexplicable experience.”
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Photo by Nick Redfern
John also notes the long history of secret experimentation that has taken place very close to Rendlesham Forest, such as the legendary “Shingle Street” affair, the development of secret radar-based experiments, the work of a certain British Telecom facility, and “classified weapons used for deception and perception management.” That’s to say, John is treading on undeniably controversial ground, to be sure. Even more controversial are the following words from John: “Young airmen were subjected to truth serums combined with hypnosis. Some were handed their statements pretyped and told ‘this is the story you will tell when asked.'” The stories of Larry Warren and Adrian Bustinza become parts of the sensational story, too. Certain words and names – such as Cobra Mist, Marconi, Harold Puthoff, Kit Green, the Berwyn Mountains, Ball Lightning, Plasmas, Tesla, Lasers, Unidentified Aerial Phenomena, Acoustic Mind-Control, and Project Condign – will soon become familiar to you as you dig further into the pages of John’s book. There’s way more, too. A man named Ron Haddow – who you can find more about at this link, and who worked for the U.K. Ministry of Defense for years – becomes one of the players, as does a certain Ralph Noyes. The latter being a man who knew a lot, but preferred to keep his mouth shut on certain, sensitive topics. Noyes, too, spent years working for the U.K.’s M.O.D. I could go on and on, such is the sheer body of fascinating material that, to some degree, places the whole affair in new light.
It’s perhaps apt for me to end the review with the following statement from John. He says that his primary goal, today, is, and I quote: “Helping my fellow veterans get the kind of support they need and deserve for their service to our country’s ideals if they can’t get it because, like me, they were a pawn in a highly classified game.”
Weaponisationof an Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon will be available on December 16 in Kindle version.
White Disk Shoots Out Of Cloud Over Argolis, Greece Dec 12, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
White Disk Shoots Out Of Cloud Over Argolis, Greece Dec 12, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 12, 2020 Location of sighting: Argolis, Greece
The eyewitness was recording clouds over Greece when he was fortunate to catch a white UFO shooting out from one of the clouds. The UFO was very fast and took on the same appearance of the cloud, except its in disk form. The UFO shoots out so face, they eyewitness decided to put it into slow motion to help us see it more clearly. The object is obviously a disk, camouflaged with a cloud cloak and moving fast. This is 100% proof that UFOs are aware when we notice them and they assume they can escape without detection...but this alien failed.
Triangle UFO Over Beverly Hills Citi Bank! Google Earth Map! UFO Sighting News.
Triangle UFO Over Beverly Hills Citi Bank! Google Earth Map! UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 10, 2020
Location of sighting: Beverly Hills, California, USA
There is a triangle UFO seen over Citibank on Beverly Hills and its found easily on Google Earth map. The UFO is actually seen twice in two different locations. And this really makes me wonder...are aliens a part of the 1% of the 1%? I mean really some aliens are so proud of themselves and so bold with their superior mind, body and technology that they seem to have forgotten that they can get caught. I believe this is evidence of just that. Some aliens are actually living in Beverly Hills and flaunting their lifestyle, riches and superiority complex to the world in the most obvious location for the rich and famous. Beverly Hills, California.
Five Glowing UFOs Lined Up Over Coast of Tampa Bay, Florida, Dec 6, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Five Glowing UFOs Lined Up Over Coast of Tampa Bay, Florida, Dec 6, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 6, 2020 Location of sighting: Tampa Bay, Florida, USA
The eyewitness was driving along a very long bridge and could not get out of his car safely so he continued driving while recording the UFOs as best he could. The raw footage he captured is five glowing lights in the distant sunset over the Gulf of Mexico. The lights are not reflections, because when a pole passes in between the UFOs and the guy recording...the UFOs disappear behind the pole...thus ruling out any possibility of this being a light reflection from inside the car. This is 100% proof that ancient aliens are still here living below the floor of the Gulf of Mexico.
Doughnut shaped UFO caught hovering over California
Doughnut shaped UFO caught hovering over California
Witness:
On December 9, 2020, I first spotted it when we are halfway back from Long Beach entering Irvine, California over the 405 there was three I initially spotted and the total went up to nine.
My daughter who is four years old, my boyfriend who is in the passenger seat and I all saw the crafts and watched them move very erratically and descend closer to us.
My boyfriend became very afraid at this point as we could all see the lights in a circular pattern around the Circumference of the crafts and the one that descended very close to us in particular but they all seem to descend closer in unison heading inland and south.
My boyfriend was recording this on his phone and we both saw a orb pass right through our eyeline as we are watching the crafts.
They followed us all the way until we got home and then there was only one left and it too disappeared. It was very strange almost like they were trying to communicate with us. Mufon.
Ancient Amazonians laid out their settlements in circles 700 years ago, with radiating mounds and roads that may have represented the cosmos, a study finds.
Experts led from Exeter University used lidar-based sensing equipment mounted on helicopters to see below the rainforest canopy in south Acre State, Brazil.
They found 35 mounded villages were constructed in a distinctive and repeated pattern by the ancient Acreans between 1300 and 1700 AD.
Deforestation and archaeological digs in Acre State had previously revealed the presence of large earthworks and circular mound villages.
However, the full extent of the constructions, their layouts and their organisation across the region had been obscured by the dense forest until now.
The new findings indicate that these populations had highly-defined social and architectural models for how they organised their communities.
With its round pattern, this may have been a reflection of how ancient Americans perceived space as circular, with stellar constellations moving around the Earth.
Ancient Amazonians laid out their settlements in circles 700 years ago — with radiating buildings and roads as may have represented the cosmos — a study found. Pictured, a lidar image revealing the Donha Maria village beneath the forest covering
Experts led from Exeter used lidar-based sensing equipment mounted on helicopters, as pictured, to see below the canopy of the overlying rainforest in south Acre State, Brazil
Each settlement is connected across the wider landscape by straight, sunken roads with high banks that radiate out from the centre of the villages, as pictured
'Lidar has allowed us to detect these villages, and their features such as roads, which wasn’t possible before because most are not visible within the best satellite data available,' said paper author and archaeologist Jose Iriarte of the University of Exeter.
'The technology helps to show diverse and complex construction history of this part of the Amazon.
'Lidar provides a new opportunity to locate and document earthen sites in forested parts of Amazonia characterized by dense vegetation,' he added.
'It can also document the smallest surficial earthen features in the recently opened pasture areas.'
The finds are further evidence of the long occupation of the Amazon rainforest by indigenous communities whose cultures repeatedly rose, fell and evolved long before Europeans made their impact on the Americas.
According to the team, the culture that produced the mounded villages emerged after the abandonment in 950 AD of the large geometrically patterned ceremonial earthworks that had previous characterised the region's architecture.
The villages that the researchers have uncovered were lain out in circles of 3–32 mounds — the diameters of which ranged from 131–502 feet (40–153 metres), and enclosed central plazas of around 0.3–4.4 acres (0.12–1.8 hectares) in size.
According to the researchers, the lidar scans 'revealed that some small groups of villages positioned along streams exhibit regular distances of 2.5–3 km [1.6–1.9 miles] and 5–6 km [3.1–3.7 miles] between sites.'
Deforestation and archaeological digs in Acre State has previously revealed the presence of large earthworks and circular mound villages, as pictured in the above lidar scans. However, the full extent of the constructions, their layouts and their organisation across the region had been obscured by the dense forest until now
'Lidar has allowed us to detect these villages, and their features such as roads, which wasn’t possible before because most are not visible within the best satellite data available,' said paper author and archaeologist Jose Iriarte of the University of Exeter. Pictured, one of the researchers' helicopters equipped to conduct with lidar scanning
Lidar provides a new opportunity to locate and document earthen sites in forested parts of Amazonia characterized by dense vegetation,' Professor Iriarte said. 'It can also document the smallest surficial earthen features in the recently opened pasture areas.' Pictured, the lidar scanning is passed over the Amazon rainforest by helicopter
Each village typically has a pair of deeper and wider principal roads leaving in a northwards direction and the same running southwards as well — along with minor roads that together form a network of linked settlements spread over many miles. Pictured, the roads, in orange
Each settlement is connected across the wider landscape by straight, sunken roads with high banks that radiate out from the centre of the villages.
Each village typically has a pair of deeper and wider principal roads leaving in a northwards direction and the same running southwards — along with minor roads that together form a network of linked settlements spread over many miles.
With their initial study complete, the researchers are expecting to unveil the traces of more villages hidden beneath the veil of the rainforest.
Experts led from Exeter used lidar-based sensing equipment mounted on helicopters to see below the canopy of the overlying rainforest in south Acre State, Brazil, pictured. The 35 mounded villages were constructed to the distinctive and repeated pattern by the ancient Acreans between around 1300–1700 AD
LiDAR remote sensing technology allows archaeologists to hunt for sites of interest from a distance
LiDAR (light detection and ranging) is a remote sensing technology that measures distance by shooting a laser at a target and analysing the light that is reflected back.
The technology was developed in the early 1960s and uses laser imaging with radar technology that can calculate distances.
It was first used in meteorology to measure clouds by the National Center for Atmospheric Research.
The term lidar is a portmanteau of 'light and 'radar.'
Lidar uses ultraviolet, visible, or near infrared light to image objects and can be used with a wide range of targets, including non-metallic objects, rocks, rain, chemical compounds, aerosols, clouds and even single molecules.
A narrow laser beam can be used to map physical features with very high resolution.
This new technique allowed researchers to map outlines of what they describe as dozens of newly discovered Maya cities hidden under thick jungle foliage centuries after they were abandoned by their original inhabitants.
Aircraft with a Lidar scanner produced three-dimensional maps of the surface by using light in the form of pulsed laser linked to a GPS system.
The technology helped researchers discover sites much faster than using traditional archaeological methods.
A new study has suggested that around 700 years ago when Amazonians laid out their villages, they did so in a clock face pattern that represented the cosmos.
Experts (led by the University of Exeter) used LiDAR technology on helicopters to study the rainforest-covered landscape in Acre State, Brazil. They were able to discover 35 villages with circular mounds that were linked with radiating minor and major straight-lying roads. The villages date back to between 1300 and 1700 AD.
The villages were laid out in a clock face pattern.
The villages had anywhere between 3 and 32 mounds with diameters that ranged between 131 and 502 feet with enclosed plazas in the center that measured between 0.3 and 4.4 acres. Additionally, the scans “revealed that some small groups of villages positioned along streams exhibit regular distances of 2.5–3 km [1.6–1.9 miles] and 5–6 km [3.1–3.7 miles] between sites.”
Each village contained straight, sunken roads with high banks that protruded out from the center area. They also had wider and deeper main roads in addition to the smaller minor roads that linked the villages over an area of numerous miles.
That certainly proved how well organized the ancient Acreans were in laying out their villages. According to a new study, the fact that these ancient villages were laid out in a circular pattern may have been a reference to space and how the constellations moved around the planet. This provided experts with more information regarding the Indigenous communities that occupied the area.
The clock face pattern may have been in reference to the cosmos.
Jose Iriarte, who is an archaeologist with the University of Exeter and an author of the paper, described this further, “LiDAR has allowed us to detect these villages, and their features such as roads, which wasn’t possible before because most are not visible within the best satellite data available.” “The technology helps to show diverse and complex construction history of this part of the Amazon.” “LiDAR provides a new opportunity to locate and document earthen sites in forested parts of Amazonia characterized by dense vegetation.”
While this study is now finished, experts are now hoping to located more villages that are hidden within the rainforest. Their study was published in the Journal of Computer Applications in Archaeology where it can be read in full.
LiDAR images of the villages provided by the University of Exeter can be seen here.
The Book of Enoch's Anunnaki & Nephilim & Watchers are Connected to Neanderthal-human Hybrids Called Swiderians
The Book of Enoch's Anunnaki & Nephilim & Watchers are Connected to Neanderthal-human Hybrids Called Swiderians
The Book of Enoch’s Anunnaki & Nephilim & Watchers are Connected to Neanderthal-human Hybrids Called Swiderians
Researcher and author Andrew Collins demonstrates how the Watchers and Nephilim of the book of Enoch, and the Anunnaki of Mesopotamian mythology, are the memory of Neanderthal-human hybrids called Swiderians who entered eastern Anatolia from the north at the time of the Younger Dryas mini ice age, ca. 10,900-9600 BC. Andrew reveals the much wider impact these Neanderthal-human hybrids had on the rise of civilization.
COAST TO COAST AM INSIDER Archived Show – Paul Stonehill presented accounts of sightings and related incidents from Russia and the former Soviet Union. The Soviet space probe, Phobos 2, may well have been knocked out by a UFO as it approached Mars in 1989, based on anomalous images it sent back, he reported.
He shared reports from the region dating back hundreds of years. For instance in 1065 AD, a strange object was said to hover in the skies above Kiev for seven days, and the quality of the sun changed. In 1111 AD, a fiery pillar was seen rising up from the ground and going into the sky.
Stephen Colbert asks Obama about UFO's - his answer accidentally tells us the truth! Nov 30, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Stephen Colbert asks Obama about UFO's - his answer accidentally tells us the truth! Nov 30, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of video: Nov 30, 2020 Location of video: Stephaen Colbert show
When Stephen Colbert asked President Obama last week about the existence of UFOs....Obama said he couldn't say. But Colbert read him like a bad poker player and knew the truth. Had Obama heard UFOs were not real...he would have been able to freely say. However because they are real, and Obama found this out, and he cannot tell due to it being a Matter of National Security. So...he stayed silent. What this tells us is that aliens...and UFOs are 100% real and the US government wants you to not believe in them so that the US will remain a world power with all the alien technology and off world bases that aliens are giving the US in exchange for earth bases and experimentations on humans.
Pink UFO Over Ocean Surface At Odessa, Russia On Dec 6, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Pink UFO Over Ocean Surface At Odessa, Russia On Dec 6, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 6, 2020 Location of sighting: Odessa, Russia
The eyewitness says that he noticed this glowing object over the ocean and was sure it wasn't the moon, because the moon was in a different place but he didn't think it important to record it. This UFO is a pinkish-orange and its similar to dozens of UFO reports over the years that have come in. The UFO is extremely noticeable off the Florida coast most of all. But here its seen in Russia over the ocean.
Now aliens and the US government depend on the public making up excuses for UFOs...as being something else. Thats understandable since Trump created a run on Fake News over the last few years...so much so that in America, the public is very untrusting of everything...even themselves. However I'm not in America...I'm in Taiwan and we are a very different culture. This is a UFO, its similar to many other past reports. Its huge, about the size of 2 747s and it moving into position to enter an underwater base on the ocean floor.
Dramatic footage shows the unmanned test capsule blowing up as it smashed into the ground having soared to 40,000ft, in its first high-altitude flight.
However, it gained too much speed to land successfully, and went out in explosive flames. The Starship milestone on Wednesday puts SpaceX closer to replacing its Falcon spacecrafts.
About two minutes after launching, one of the Starship's three Raptor engines gave out. A minute later, a second engine cut off, but the prototype rocket continued its journey upward.
The Starship lost its third engine around four-and-a-half minutes into the flight, and the rocket moved to a horizontal position and pointed back down towards Earth.
As the Starship got closer to the ground, its engines fired up again and flipped it back into a vertical position and slowed it down. The prototype still landed at a faster than ideal speed, causing it to explode.
According to thesun, its website, SpaceX wrote that the flight was "designed to test a number of objectives, from how the vehicle’s three Raptor engines perform to the overall aerodynamic entry capabilities of the vehicle (including its body flaps) to how the vehicle manages propellant transition."
This triangle-shaped formation was seen and photographed over Princeton, North Carolina on 9th December 2020.
Witness report:
My mom’s secretary took this picture last night in Princeton NC, I am not the original photographer. The picture is taken outside, she said she noticed them outside, that they were not moving, and that is what originally caught her eye. So she saw them with her naked eye first, she also noted there was no sound. We are close to Seymour-Johnson AFB.
The 3rd data release from the Gaia mission will provide astronomers with a “treasure trove” of information they didn’t have before. As they analyze Gaia’s data in the years ahead, we’re sure to learn new and surprising things about our home galaxy, the Milky Way.
Artist’s concept of our Milky Way galaxy. See our sun’s orbit, in yellow, between the galaxy’s center and its outer edge? In its 3rd data release, Gaia focused in the direction opposite the galaxy’s center, toward its nearest outer edge.
Astronomers have released the third set of data (EDR3) from the wonderful Gaia space observatory, the European Space Agency reported on December 3, 2020.
Initial results are presented in four new “demonstration papers” (see the bottom of this post for links), listed as Performance Verification Papers, as well as other related papers and data.
The findings in the demonstration papers focus largely on stars in an interesting direction of space, the direction toward the outskirts of our Milky Way galaxy. There is a point in that direction known as the the galaxy’s anticenter; it happens to be located near the star Elnath in the direction of the constellation Taurus the Bull.
The anticenter is in the exact opposite direction from the center of our galaxy, as seen from Earth. That’s partly where Gaia looked for its third set of data.
If Gaia’s first and second data releases are any indication, the analysis of this data – by astronomers in the years ahead – will provide some of the most interesting insights available about our own Milky Way galaxy.
Gaia is charged with creating a 3D map of the galaxy. Knowing exactly where stars are – and how they’re moving – is already providing new details about our Milky Way galaxy’s past, and indicates significant changes during its evolution.
Other papers reveal more details about the census of nearby stars, derive the shape of the solar system’s orbit around the center of the galaxy, and probe structures in two other nearby galaxies.
The data in EDR3 is extensive, with more than 1.8 billion sources that the Gaia spacecraft detected. That’s 100 million sources more than the previous data release (EDR2), from April 2018, which contained 1.7 billion stars. Indeed, according to Jos de Bruijne, ESA’s Gaia Deputy Project Scientist:
The new Gaia data promise to be a treasure trove for astronomers.
The new release also contains color information for about 1.5 billion sources, 200 million more than in EDR2. The general accuracy and precision of the measurements has also significantly improved from the previous release. EDR3 includes:
– 1,811,709,771 sources with positions to provide the best ever sky maps – 1,467,744,818 sources with parallax and proper motion to reveal their distances and motions – 1,806,254,432 sources with the measurement of their brightness in white light – 1,542,033,472 sources with the brightness of the objects in blue light – 1,554,997,939 sources with the brightness of the objects in red light (a comparison of the blue and the red light provides information of the temperature of the object) – 1,614,173 extragalactic sources to provide a reference frame for measuring ‘absolute’ positions and motions
The data release came with the following very wonderful videos, perfect for all who to think big. This first one (below) is an animation showing the proper motions of 40,000 stars, all located within 100 parsecs (326 light-years) of our solar system. “Proper motion” is a star’s motion across the sky. It’s imperceptible to the eye, but it’s precisely what Gaia is measuring. Read more about the animation below.
This next animation – also from Gaia’s 3rd data release – shows the acceleration of our solar system around the center of the Milky Way. ESA explained:
With the high quality of Gaia EDR3, Gaia is for the first time capable of observing the tiny effect of the acceleration of the solar system with respect to the distant universe. This tiny effect is not measured directly but deduced from the aberration of light seen in 1.6 million quasars observed by Gaia. These quasars are extragalactic sources at extremely large distances and are used to generate an inertial reference frame …
The next video shows the movement of almost 75,000 stars from the Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars in their orbits around the center of the galaxy. Their motions for the next 500 million years are shown from 3 different perspectives (face-on, side view, and perspective). Each second on the video corresponds to six million years, and the field of view for each image of the galaxy is 100,000 light-years wide. Read more about the video below.
Gaia uses astrometry to scan the sky repeatedly, observing each of its targeted stars an average of 70 times over its planned five-year mission.
Why is all of this important? With new and improved data, scientists can better understand how our galaxy originated and developed over billions of years. There are several specific results in particular.
First, astronomers can now track the various populations of older and younger stars out toward the very edge of our galaxy. The Milky Way was once much smaller than it is now, and the new data shows the relics of the former galactic disk as it looked 10 billion years ago. The galaxy will also continue to grow larger as new stars are born.
There is also evidence for slow-moving stars that are above the galactic plane of the galaxy, but are moving downward toward it, as well as fast-moving stars below it that are heading upward. The scientists say this may be the result of a near-collision between our galaxy and the nearby satellite Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy in the relatively recent past, cosmologically-speaking. The Sagittarius galaxy is gradually being “eaten” or cannibalized by the Milky Way, which is much larger. Even a near-collision would have perturbed the motions of some stars in our galaxy.
Data from EDR2 had indicated that this close pass occurred about 300 to 900 million years ago. The results from EDR3 now show how strong the effects of it were on our galaxy. Teresa Antoja at the University of Barcelona, Spain, said:
The patterns of movement in the disk stars are different from what we used to believe.
The density of stars in the Milky Way, from the new EDR3 release. The bright horizontal structure that dominates the image is the plane of the galaxy. It is a flattened disc that hosts most of our galaxy’s stars. The bulge in the center of the image surrounds the center of the galaxy.
Image via ESA/ Gaia/DPAC; CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO/ A. Moitinho and M. Barros.
This is the same view, but showing the colors of the entire Milky Way galaxy (seen edge-on).
Image via ESA/ Gaia/ DPAC; CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO/ A. Moitinho.
The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, two dwarf galaxies that orbit the Milky Way, as seen by Gaia.
Image via ESA/ Gaia/ DPAC; CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO/ L. Chemin; X. Luri et al. (2020).
How much of an effect the Sagittarius galaxy actually had is still debated, but according to Antoja:
It could be a good candidate for all these disturbances, as some simulations from other authors show.
Some of the new results are much closer to home. Another of the four papers measures the acceleration of our solar system with respect to the rest of the universe. The velocity has increased by 0.23 nm/second, every second. This means that the trajectory our solar system is traveling on is being deflected by the diameter of an atom every second. That works out to 115 km (71 miles) per year. According to the scientists, this is in good agreement with previous theoretical expectations. This is also the first-ever measurement of the curvature of the solar system’s orbit.
Another paper provides a new census of the number of stars in our sun’s solar neighborhood. The previous census, the Gliese Catalogue of Nearby Stars in 1957, included just 915 objects initially, but was later updated in 1991 to 3803 celestial objects. The new census contains a whopping 331,312 objects, estimated to be 92 percent of the stars within 100 parsecs (326 light-years) of the sun. The census in 1957 was limited to a distance of 82 light-years, but the new one is four times that, with 100 times more stars. The new data is also more accurate in terms of location, motion and brightness of the stars.
Gaia image showing the trails of 40,000 stars within 326 light-years of the solar system. The image depicts the motions of the stars over the next 400,000 years.
Image via ESA/ Gaia/ DPAC; CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO/ A. Brown, S. Jordan, T. Roegiers, X. Luri, E. Masana, T. Prusti and A. Moitinho.
The EDR3 release also looks beyond the Milky Way itself, with the movement of the Large Magellanic Cloud‘s stars – a smaller satellite galaxy of our our Milky Way – measured more accurately than ever before. The new data shows that the LMC has a spiral structure, like the Milky Way does. In the Small Magellanic Cloud, a previously unseen stream of stars being pulled out of it was also found.
There’s more to look forward to as well; this EDR3 data release is just the first of two parts. The full release is scheduled to happen sometime in 2022. As Timo Prusti, ESA’s Gaia Project Scientist, said:
Gaia EDR3 is the result of a huge effort from everyone involved in the Gaia mission. It’s an extraordinarily rich data set, and I look forward to the many discoveries that astronomers from around the world will make with this resource. And we’re not done yet; more great data will follow as Gaia continues to make measurements from orbit.
You can also read a handy, condensed “by the numbers” report about the new discoveries, as well as previous extensive EarthSky coverage of science from Gaia over the past several years.
Jos de Bruijne, Deputy Project Scientist for Gaia.
Gaia was launched in 2013 and began science operations the next year. Its mission is expected to continue until 2022. Here is a map showing the locations of members of the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) across Europe.
This third data release is a major step in learning more about our galaxy and its neighbors, and how it has changed over billions of years and continues to evolve now. What will the upcoming second part of EDR3 reveal?
Bottom line: The 3rd data release from the Gaia mission will provide astronomers with a “treasure trove” of information they didn’t have before. As they analyze Gaia’s data in the years ahead, we’re sure to learn new and surprising things about our home galaxy, the Milky Way.
“Aliens exist and have alliances with Governments, but humanity is not ready,” Says former Israeli Official
“Aliens exist and have alliances with Governments, but humanity is not ready,” Says former Israeli Official
In recent years we have witnessed great revelations from officials, pilots and even astronauts referring to the UFO phenomenon. Now, a former Israeli space security official has revealed not only that aliens exist, they would also have had contact with the US and Israel for many years (alliance), but that they would avoid appearing publicly so as not to unleash a mass hysteria because humanity is not ready for such a revelation.
According to retired Israeli general and current professor Haim Eshed , the answer to the question ‘ do aliens exist? “Is YES, but this has been kept secret because” humanity is not ready . ”
Speaking in an interview with Yediot Aharonot , Eshed, who served as head of Israel’s space security program for almost 30 years and has received the Israel Security Award three times, explained that both Israel and the US have been dealing with aliens for years.
And this in no way refers to immigrants, with Eshed clarifying the existence of a “Galactic Federation”, that is to say, aliens or non-human entities from outside the Earth.
An alliance between aliens and the US?
The 87-year-old former head of space security gave more descriptions of exactly what kind of deals have been made betweealiens and the US, apparently made because they want to investigate and understan nd “the structure of the universe.” This cooperation includes a secret underground base on Mars , where there are American and alien representatives.
If true, this would coincide with the creation of the Space Force by the president of the United States, Donald Trump, as the fifth branch of the armed forces of that country, although it is not clear how long this type has been happening. relationship, if any, between the US and its extraterrestrial allies.
But Eshed insists that Trump knows them and was “about” to reveal their existence. However, the Galactic Federation allegedly prevented him from doing so, saying they wanted to avoid mass hysteria as they felt humanity needed to “evolve and reach a stage where … we will understand what space and spacecraft are,” Yediot Aharonot reported.
Eshed said:
“US President Donald Trump was about to reveal the situation, but the aliens from the Galactic Federation say wait, people calm down first. They don’t want to start a mass hysteria. They first want to prepare us for greater understanding. They have been waiting for humanity to evolve and reach a stage where we generally understand what space and spaceships are. There is an agreement between the US government and the aliens. They signed a pact with the governments to do experiments here ”.
Outstanding career
Eshed served in the technology unit of the Intelligence Division of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), in research and development positions.
In 1969, he was posted by the IDF military intelligence to study for a doctorate in aeronautical engineering in the US He then returned home where he was appointed head of the Intelligence Corps Research and Development department.
In 1970 he retired from military service with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. He was later hired as a professor at the Technion’s Space Research Institute.
In 1981, Eshed founded and became the first Director of the Challenge Program of the Israel Administration for Research, Weapons Development and Technological Infrastructure (MAPAT).
He has recently released a book entitled The Universe Beyond the Horizon – conversations with Professor Haim Eshed , in which he argues about the extraterrestrial presence on our planet.
He recently published the book “The Universe Beyond the Horizon – conversations with Professor Haim Eshed”. As for why he has chosen to disclose this information now, Eshed explained that the timing was simply due to how much the academic landscape has changed and how respected it is in the academic world.
The professor acknowledged that his claims are strange and can be heard as coming from the mentally insane.
Eshed said to Yediot Aharonot :
“If what I am saying today had occurred to me five years ago, I would have been hospitalized. Today the subject is treated differently. I have nothing to lose. I have received degrees and awards, I am respected in universities abroad, where the trend is also changing ”.
Eshed provided more information in his most recent book, The Universe Beyond the Horizon – conversations with Professor Haim Eshed , along with other details such as how aliens have prevented nuclear apocalypses and “facts about the Men in Black.”
While it’s unclear if there is any evidence that can back up Eshed’s claims, they came just before a recent announcement by SpaceIL, the group behind Israel’s failed attempt to land a spacecraft on the moon in 2019. The unsuccessful attempt by Israel’s exploration of the Moon, and the creation of the US Space Force, would not be by chance, according to Eshed.
The truth may be out there — but nowhere near as out there as this tale.
Space aliens have reached an agreement with the US government to stay mum on the experiments they conduct on Earth — as well as their secret base on Mars — until mankind is ready to accept them, the former head of Israel’s space program claimed in a new interview.
“The aliens have asked not to announce that they are here [because] humanity is not ready yet,” Haim Eshed told Israeli paper Yedioth Aharonoth, according to the Jewish Press.
The Jewish Press — speculating that Eshed, 87, may have gone to insanity and beyond — goes on to unspool his tangled web, which claims the involvement of President Trump and interplanetary diplomacy.
“Trump was on the verge of revealing [aliens existence], but the aliens in the Galactic Federation are saying, ‘Wait, let people calm down first,'” Eshed, who helmed Israel’s space security program from 1981 to 2010, reportedly said. “They don’t want to start mass hysteria. They want to first make us sane and understanding.”
Until that day, aliens have secured an agreement to keep their moves under wraps, said Eshed, noting that the extraterrestrials come in peace.
“They have been waiting for humanity to evolve and reach a stage where we will generally understand what space and spaceships are,” said Eshed, according to the Jewish Press.
“There’s an agreement between the US government and the aliens. They signed a contract with us to do experiments here. They, too, are researching and trying to understand the whole fabric of the universe, and they want us as helpers.”
One of the hubs of the cooperation is a base on Mars — where, by the way, Eshed claims American astronauts have already set foot.
“There’s an underground base in the depths of Mars, where their representatives are, and also our American astronauts,” Eshed reportedly said.
Eshed acknowledged that it all sounds like science fiction, but claimed that some of his peers are coming around.
“If I had come up with what I’m saying today five years ago, I would have been hospitalized. Wherever I’ve gone with this in academia, they’ve said, ‘The man has lost his mind,'” he reportedly said. “Today they’re already talking differently. I have nothing to lose. I’ve received my degrees and awards, I am respected in universities abroad, where the trend is also changing.”
Former President Barack Obama recently refused in an interview with “Late Show” funnyman Stephen Colbert to confirm or deny the existence of extraterrestrial life based on top-secret US records — a move Colbert jokingly took as tacit confirmation.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
1967 Crestview Elementary School UFO Sighting Seen By Hundreds
1967 Crestview Elementary School UFO Sighting Seen By Hundreds
I spent several minutes typing up this UFO story out several different ways on ATS's search engine, in an attempt to locate something, but nothing came up, which is very surprising. My apologies if this story was posted before, but I was unable to find anything.
The 1967 Crestview Elementary School UFO Sighting
Back in 1967, three UFOs were spotted coming through several clouds, on a mostly clear day in Florida. Hundreds of students and several teachers witnessed this event at the Crestview Elementary School, located in Miami Gardens, FL.
The larger, oval craft was said to be as large as "a cruise ship," with the other two darting around the larger craft. One of the students stated that the larger craft landed in a field that was near the school.
Afterwards, members of the Miami news press and several military personnel started to interview the witnesses. The story was published in the Miami Herald the following day and stated that the sighting was nothing more than helicopters performing "maneuvers from the nearby Homestead Air Force Base."
I was in the 6th grade at Crestview Elementary School, in Miami, (Post Office, Opa-Locka, Fla,) During recess in April 1967, I and hundreds of others students from Crestview and a few teachers, witnessed 3 oval shaped objects coming through a few clouds, on a mostly a clear day, directly over our heads. My teacher gathered our class into a line. We watched as the two smaller of the three oval objects, appeared to be dancing around the larger oval shaped object coming down towards us. The larger object, seemed to be the size of a cruise ship, but it's shape was oval and cigar shaped and shiny metal like. I saw the large object land in the field near our school. I didn't see where the other two objects went.
Before long, men in uniforms and news press started to interview kids. I listened to a boy who had the same accounting as me. The following day, the Miami Herald told the story and said that it was helicopters on maneuvers from the nearby Homestead Air Force Base. I knew otherwise, and understand now that they had to state that to avoid mass hysteria.
Another interesting tidbit of information, is that a month before the Crestview Elementary School sighting, "a series of strange events occurred in South Florida involving several unidentified flying objects, U.S. and Cuban military personnel, and hundreds of civilian witnesses." This was written about in a book entitled, "Unknown Down," which is available for purchase on Amazon.
On the night of March 31, 1967, a series of strange events occurred in South Florida involving several unidentified flying objects, U.S. and Cuban military personnel, and hundreds of civilian witnesses. Bill Schroeder, a young Army fire control operator at B Battery HAWK missile site in Key West, tracked several objects on radar traveling at impossible speeds. These “bogeys” evaded both U.S. and Cuban fighter jets scrambled to intercept them. Even more disturbing, the UFOs emitted an electromagnetic countermeasure that disabled B Battery’s electronic surveillance and caused the destruction of one of the Cuban MiG-21s. Told by his superiors the incident was part of a NORAD drill and not to discuss it with anyone, Bill Schroeder lived with this secret for years before finally coming forward with his story. Author Jack Roth shares Schroeder’s incredible account, along with other witness testimony and details that have been brought to light over the years as a result of Schroeder’s persistent research.
µHere's some more information on the March 1967 incident involving the Cuban MiG-21 fighters:
One day in March, 1967, the Spanish-speaking intercept operators of Detachment “A” located at Key West Naval Air Station in Florida heard Cuban air defense radar controllers report an unidentified “bogey” approaching Cuba from the northeast. The unidentified aircraft entered Cuban air space at a height of about 10,000 meters (about 33,000 feet) and sped off at nearly Mach 1 (nearly 660 mph). The Cuban airforce scrambled two MIG-21 jet fighters to intercept. The jets were guided to within five kilometers (three miles) of the UFO by Cuban ground control intercept radar personnel. The flight leader radioed that the object was a bright metallic spheroid disc with no visible markings or appendages. When a try at radio contact failed, Cuban air defense headquarters ordered the flight leader to arm his weapons and destroy the object.
The leader reported his radar was locked onto the bogey and his missiles were armed and ready to engage. Seconds later, the wingman screamed to the ground controller that his leader’s jet had exploded. When he gained his composure, the wing man radioed there was no smoke or flame, that his leader’s MIG-21 had disintegrated in mid air. Cuban radar then reported the UFO quickly accelerated and climbed above 30,000 meters (98,000 feet). At last report, it was heading south-southeast towards South America.
Could these two UFO incidents be related to one another? Did they involve extraterrestrial craft? I certainly can't say for sure, but they're both interesting cases that coincidentally occurred in the same general area, with both sightings occurring within a month of each other.
Crestview Elementary School UFO Sighting Video Posted On March 13, 2018:
edit on 7/6/2019 by shawmanfromny because: (no reason given)
It was the first high-altitude launch attempt for Starship SN8.
We'll have to wait a little longer to see SpaceX's latest Starship prototype make its highly anticipated big hop.
The vehicle, known as Starship SN8 ("Serial No. 8"), was scheduled to launch on an 8-mile-high (12.5 kilometers) test flight today (Dec. 8) from SpaceX's South Texas facility, near the Gulf Coast village of Boca Chica.
And it nearly happened. But less than 2 seconds before liftoff, just after 5:30 p.m. EDT (2230 GMT and 4:30 p.m. local Texas time), SN8 detected something abnormal with one or more of its three Raptor engines and automatically aborted the flight.
SpaceX's Starship SN8 rocket prototype stands atop its test stand at the company's Boca Chica, Texas facility during an attempted high-altitude launch test on Dec. 8, 2020. (Image credit: SpaceX)
It's unclear at the moment when SN8 will get its next chance to fly; that depends on what caused the abort and how difficult it will be to fix. But there are launch windows available on both Wednesday and Thursday (Dec. 9 and Dec. 10), SpaceX representatives said.
SpaceX is developing Starship to take people and cargo to the moon, Mars and other distant destinations. The transportation system consists of two elements, both of which are designed to be fully reusable: a 165-foot-tall (50 meters) stainless-steel spacecraft called Starship and a giant rocket called Super Heavy.
The final Starship will sport six Raptors and be powerful to launch itself off the moon and Mars. It will need Super Heavy, however, to escape Earth's much deeper gravity well. (Super Heavy, which will be powered by about 30 Raptors, will land back on Earth shortly after launching Starship to orbit.)
SpaceX is iterating toward the final Starship design via a series of prototypes, three of which have already taken to the sky. But all three of those vehicles — known as Starhopper, SN5 and SN6 — had just a single Raptor and reached a maximum altitude of about 500 feet (150 m) on their jaunts.
So space fans have been very much looking forward to SN8's big hop, which is much more demanding. And SN8 is far more complex than any of its predecessors; it has a nose cone and orientation-stabilizing flaps, for example, whereas Starhopper, SN5 and SN6 resembled flying silos.
It will be fun and dramatic to watch the big silver vehicle fly high — whenever that may be.
Mike Wall is the author of "Out There" (Grand Central Publishing, 2018; illustrated by Karl Tate), a book about the search for alien life. Follow him on Twitter @michaeldwall. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom or Facebook.
When Earth was just a wee young thing, it birthed many new continents — then it swallowed them all up, leaving just a few traces behind, a new study shows.
These first continents had a knack for living fast and dying young, but in doing so, they paved the way for solid continents that eventually led to the emergence of plate tectonics, the new study suggests.
"Our results explain that continents remained weak and prone to destruction in their infancy, ~4.5 to ~4.0 billion years ago, and then progressively differentiated and became rigid over the next billion years to form the core of our modern continents," lead author Fabio Capitanio, a Monash University Earth scientist, said in a statement.
For hundreds of millions of years, the current continents have been more or less stable. They've moved due to plate tectonics, a theory governing the motion of Earth's crust, forming different shapes, such as the ancient supercontinent Pangea. The puzzle pieces of the crust that existed hundreds of millions of years ago mostly still exist today. But very little is known about the continents that existed early on in Earth's history.
To learn more about that early history, the researchers used computers to model the interactions of rock and magma in the Earth's crust and below. The modeling showed that the earliest continents formed from parts of the upper mantle — the part of the planet just below the crust — which melted as it reached the surface and then spewed across the landscape in enormous volcanic eruptions. At that time, the planet held a vast reservoir of heat in its interior.
"The release of internal primordial heat, three to four times that of the present day, caused large melting in the shallow mantle, which was then extruded as magma (molten rock) onto the Earth's surface," Capitanio said.
But the continents of this period, known as the Hadean (4.6 to 4.0 billion years ago), were weak and prone to destruction.
Modern continents have a comparatively high tensile strength, meaning it's hard to rip them apart by stretching. But the crust of the Hadean was hotter and thinner, and sat on a squishier upper mantle. So vast rifts would form between these new continents, magma would leak through, and that magma would cover the infant continents, causing the baby continents to sink into the mantle. Meanwhile, new continents were forming from the magma on top of the ones being buried.
By the time the Archean (4.0 billion to 2.5 billion years ago) began, ending the Hadean, the crust that had first formed was almost entirely replaced by the seeds of the modern continents.
In a sense, the researchers found, those lost Hadean continents made the later, more stable continents possible. The early continents' reabsorption into the shallowest parts of the mantle made that region of the mantle dryer and firmer, forming a foundation on which later continents could safely grow.
This scenario could explain how modern plate tectonics, which relies on a firmer foundation and more structurally sound continents, emerged. The model also shows that some pieces of those early continents would remain exposed on the surface, forming stable, thick "roots" in the crust. Those pieces still exist today, and are known as cratons. One of these, Laurentia, forms the core of North America and includes a region covering the Midwest and Great Plains, as well as much of central Canada and Greenland.
The emergence of continents at the close of the Hadean also contributed fertilizer that would later help seed life on Earth, the researchers wrote. Bits of them broke off and entered the atmosphere and oceans, providing necessary nutrients for the life forms that soon emerged.
The paper describing the study was published Dec. 2 in the journal Nature.
It was the summer of 1975, and Air Force Sergeant Charles L. Moody was at the time stationed at Holloman air force base near Alamogordo, New Mexico. On August 13th, Moody took a drive out into the surrounding desert on his day off, planning to watch a meteor shower that he had been reading about and which was scheduled to hit that night. He drove out to a secluded area that he had never been to before, far away from the lights of the base and surrounded by the sounds of the desert night, where the sky was clear and black, the stars spread out like diamond dust upon a swath of black velvet and stopped his car to wait for the celestial show to start. Little did he know at the time that he was about to see far more than just meteors out there in that wasteland moonscape. And so we delve into a strange case with a very reliable witness, which has managed to evade all rational explanations.
Charles L. Moody
At around 1:15 AM, Moody’s attention was drawn from the sea of stars to rest on a rather strange sight above. Travelling across the sky was what appeared to be a metallic craft of some sort, disc-shaped, faintly illuminated, and measuring around 50 feet in diameter and 18 feet thick at the center. He was familiar with all types of aircraft but this was not something he recognized, and as he stared on in puzzlement the object began to rapidly descend to around 15 to 20 feet off of the ground, where it hovered silently for a moment before approaching the awestruck Moody. As it came closer, Moody could then make out that it wasn’t silent at all, but rather emanated a bizarre high-pitched buzzing whine or hum, that reverberated through his body and spread out to stoke a deep and irrational fear within him. As the mysterious craft approached, he recoiled away and scrambled into his car in a dazed panic, further fueled by the fact that he could see dark humanoid shapes moving around in the glow of a window on the craft’s side. Who were they and what did they want? Moody did not intend to stick around to find out.
As he fumbled with starting the car, Moody could sense that his limbs were becoming heavy and somewhat numb, which only further alarmed him, and then that high pitched buzzing abruptly stopped to bring total silence crashing down upon him. He frantically tried to start the car, but it would not turn over, as if something had rendered it in operational. As all of this was happening, the mystery craft had drawn so close that it was practically right in front of the vehicle, where it hovered ominously, but Moody now found that he could barely move. He felt his mind go numb as well, and just as he felt he might lose consciousness the craft was gone and there was nothing but the darkened desert sprawled out around him. It was as if it had just vanished into thin air, and he found his car started normally now. It was all very strange and surreal, and he might have almost been able to think that he had hallucinated it all. However, his ordeal was far from over, and in fact things were about to get even more bizarre.
Moody quickly realized that he had lost about an hour of time that he could not account for, and things got even odder when the next day his back hurt him for no reason he could understand. After this a rash began to break out all over his body, and it was apparent that this likely had something to do with that lost hour of missing time and his experience in the desert. He tried self-hypnosis and other means of trying to dig up any repressed memories he had, which caused things to float up to the surface of his mind in dream-like fragments.
Moody recalled that the UFO had not in fact vanished, but that two tall humanoid beings in skintight black suits had approached his car as he sat there helpless and immobile. The entities had oversized hairless heads, round eyes, small ears and noses, and very thin lips, human-like, yet not quite. As they pulled him out of his car, he felt a surge of panic, and was able to briefly wrest back control of his limbs, ferociously fighting back to punch one of the entities and slam another against the car before his paralysis returned and he was captured. His memory would then jump forward to him lying on some sort of slab, with another being standing next to him, this one shorter than the others and dressed in a white suit of some sort.
He sensed somehow that this was the leader, and it began to communicate with him telepathically, first asking if he was going to behave himself. Moody agreed to not fight anymore, and the creature then used a device to turn down the level of Moody’s paralysis, giving him some control of his body back. He found he was able to walk, after which the being then took him on a tour of the ship. Moody would claim that he was shown a strange machine powered by crystals that was called a “drive unit,” and was told that there was a much larger mothership out above Earth’s orbit, as well as the fact that Earth radar apparently interfered with their navigation equipment. After all of this, the alien explained that there would be no further contact with humans for 20 years and that they would be in touch, before rendering Moody unconscious simply by placing both hands at the sides of his head.
And that is pretty much it, and we are left with a lot of questions. Was any of this true? If so, then why did the aliens even bother? After all, it doesn’t seem like they really did anything other than show him around and tell him some stuff, so why go through all of the effort? It has become a case that has been discussed and debated to this day, despite all of its weirdness, and serves to tantalize the imagination.
Out in the cold grey seas of the Onega Bay, in the White Sea of Russia is a windswept archipelago of islands called the Solovetsky Islands. The bleak landscape here is sparsely populated, the people living a simple existence, but one island that has remained uninhabited is the one they call Bolshoi Zayatsky. It is little more than a speck of rock, measuring less than one square mile in total area and covered with moss and tangles of brush, and this forlorn, remote location long made it known as an almost impenetrable fortress and it was also used as a gulag labor camp at one time. Ion modern times from a distance it would be easy to ignore, just another barren rock in the churning sea, but this is a place of mystery, and among the boulders and brush are scattered ancient labyrinths that have managed to elude understanding.
Bolshoi Zayatsky
Dotted throughout a small area of Bolshoi Zayatsky are dozens of Neolithic stone labyrinths known locally as “vavilons,” meaning “Babylons,” constructed from local boulders and set into spiral patterns, with diameters ranging from between 6 and 25.4 meters across. The rows of stones and boulders that form these spirals are often formed of two separate intertwining spirals, like embracing serpents, and along the rows are sometimes thicker heaps of stones giving them an irregular feel. The labyrinths may vary in size and design, but one common feature is that they all have a single entrance that also serves as the exit for the mazes. Around the labyrinths are numerous arranged piles of rocks and boulders as well as a stone symbol with radial spokes, making it all the more enigmatic and dream-like. There is a surreal quality to seeing these mysterious structures sitting out on this rocky land, and one researcher of the labyrinths has described the experience of walking through them as almost magical, saying:
After entering a labyrinth and circle several times around the center, you leave it through the same entrance. Just after several turns it becomes unclear how much you have walked and how much more to walk. Subjectively, the time stops, but by watch the great labyrinth is passed in 15 minutes. It is difficult to be distracted; the path is narrow and you are required to look permanently underfoot. The path is twisting clockwise and counterclockwise. At last – the exit; and you are happy that the journey is over.
One of the labyrinths
There is very little known about the labyrinths of Bolshoi Zayatsky, and indeed even their precise age has been debated. The Solovetsky Islands are known to have been inhabited from at least from as far back as the 5000 B.C., possibly earlier, and although most researchers tend to estimate the labyrinths as being between 2,500 to 3,000 years old, they could be far more ancient. No one really knows. Their purpose is also steeped in mystery and lost to the mists of time, with many theories proposed. One is that they served as fishing traps, although most are too inland for this to be feasible. Another is that they had some sort of astrological function, such as mapping out the solstices or eclipses. There is also the idea that they had some ritualistic use, and one prominent idea is that they were used by the superstitious ancients as a means to trap evil spirits of some kind. One of the more interesting theories is that the labyrinths serve as some doorway, border, or transitional point between the land of the living and the underworld, somehow helping lost souls find their way to the other side.
The purpose and origins of the labyrinths remain clouded and lost to history, and we are left to wonder just why these ancient people came out to this tiny island to construct these stone oddities. What are they and what do they represent? No one knows, and we perhaps never will.
According to the NASA Astronaut Neil Armstrong the Aliens have a base on the Moon and told us in no uncertain terms to get off and stay off the Moon.
According to hitherto un-confirmed reports, both Neil Armstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin saw UFOs shortly after that historic landing on the Moon in Apollo 11 on 21 July 1969. I remember hearing one of the astronauts refer to a “light” in or on a crater during the television transmission, followed by a request from mission control for further information. Nothing more was heard.
According to a former NASA employee Otto Binder, unnamed radio hams with their own VHF receiving facilities that bypassed NASA’s broadcasting outlets picked up the following exchange:
NASA: Whats there? Mission Control calling Apollo 11…
Apollo11: These “Babies” are huge, Sir! Enormous! OH MY GOD! You wouldn’t believe it! I’m telling you there are other spacecraft out there, Lined up on the far side of the crater edge! They’re on the Moon watching us!
A certain professor, who wished to remain anonymous, was engaged in a discussion with Neil Armstrong during a NASA symposium.
Professor: What REALLY happened out there with Apollo 11?
Armstrong: It was incredible, of course we had always known there was a possibility, the fact is, we were warned off!(by the Aliens). There was never any question then of a space station or a moon city.
Professor: How do you mean “warned off”?
Armstrong: I can’t go into details, except to say that their ships were far superior to ours both in size and technology – Boy, were they big!…and menacing! No, there is no question of a space station.
Professor: But NASA had other missions after Apollo 11?
Armstrong: Naturally – NASA was committed at that time, and couldn’t risk panic on Earth. But it really was a quick scoop and back again.
According to a Dr. Vladimir Azhazha:
“Neil Armstrong relayed the message to Mission Control that two large, mysterious objects were watching them after having landed near the moon module. But this message was never heard by the public — because NASA censored it.”
According to a Dr. Aleksandr Kasantsev, Buzz Aldrin took color movie film of the UFOs from inside the module, and continued filming them after he and Armstrong went outside.
KENS NOTE: Personally I feel we did not go to the Moon in 1969. I think some of these photos and stories have been fabricated to add credibility that we did go to the Moon. See my web site HTTP://www.worldufophotosandnews.org and see the many photos disproving that we did go to Moon.
PHOTOS OF SOME STRANGE OBJECTS ON THE MOON NOT TAKEN BY THE ASTRONAUTS……
Tyler Glockner, who runs the SecureTeam YouTube channel, said the only other time he had seen evidence of a massive object of the moon was in this photo, taken during the Apollo 17 mission. The structure can be seen in the top right
Apollo 8 is famous for being the first time humans travelled to the moon - but the astronauts might not have been alone in outer space, if this image is to be believed
The shape is three-dimensional, and seems to be creating its own shadow, prompting speculation that it could be a UFO
Robert Sepehr: Atlantis, Fallen Angels, and Archaic DNA
Robert Sepehr: Atlantis, Fallen Angels, and Archaic DNA
According to the Greek philosopher Plato, it was a city of immense wealth, being rich in natural minerals and lush vegetation. Atlanteans were said to have built fantastic temples, displayed beautiful architecture, and created magnificent statues to the gods.
Having once been a privileged and favored people, the Atlanteans became corrupt and degraded, according to Plato, by interbreeding with mortals and diluting their noble seed which allegedly descended from the gods. So what did Plato mean by mortal admixture, when he said that the Atlantean divine portion began to fade away and became too diluted, too often, by the mortal admixture?
L. A. Marzulli is an author, lecturer and filmmaker. He has penned 12 books including The Nephilim Trilogy which made the CBA best sellers list. He received an honorary doctorate for the series from his mentor Dr. I. D. E. Thomas, who was the Provost at Pacific International University. He was also honored with the Gold Medallion award from Chuck Missler at the K-House conference in 2014.
His series On the Trail of the Nephilim I & II are full-color, over-sized books, which uncover startling evidence that there has been a massive cover-up of what he believes are the remains of the Nephilim, the giants mentioned in the Bible.
Marzulli teamed up with film producer Richard Shaw to create The Watchers series. There are now 11 installments in the series and Watchers 7: UFO Physical Evidence won UFO Best Film and the Peoples Choice Awards, at the UFO Congress in 2014. Marzulli and Shaw took their second trip to Peru in January of 2014, filming ancient artifacts and megalithic structures at various locations, and also filmed the unwrapping of a 2000-year-old mummy skull, at Sr. Juan Navarro’s Paracas History Museum, which was revealed in Watchers 8.
Marzulli has launched a new series, The Watchman Chronicles and his first independent film was released in March of 2017. The title of the series is “In Their Own Words: UFOs are Real!”
Life Recorded On Mars! Moving Rock, 1 meter tall! Alien Animal Found, UFO Sighting News.
Life Recorded On Mars! Moving Rock, 1 meter tall! Alien Animal Found, UFO Sighting News.
Hey everyone. I made a post about this 6 years ago, but I wanted to make an updated post so I made this video to go along with it. Did you notice the other two smaller black animals that moved...in photo number 4? I made the video and didn't notice it till I was finished. They might actually have a black exoskeleton and be crab like creatures. Here on earth, crabs exist in the sea, lakes, rivers, mountains, forests and jungles. They are very strong.
Another possibility is growing rocks. Rocks that are living creatures, but not like we know them to be. I remember many years ago (4-6) William Rutledge...an astronaut now living in Rwanda spoke about his experience during his Apollo 20 mission. He said he saw yellow living rocks on the abandoned cigar shaped UFO in Deporte crater on the moon. He said they grew in size and a useful liquid chemical came out of them. NASA urls below.
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Former Head of Israel’s Space Program: The Aliens Asked Not To Be Revealed, Humanity Not Yet Ready
Former Head of Israel’s Space Program: The Aliens Asked Not To Be Revealed, Humanity Not Yet Ready
Humans have made contact with aliens but their existence has been kept secret at the behest of a Galactic Federation of extraterrestrials. The aliens have asked not to publish that they are here, humanity is not ready yet.
They have been waiting for humanity to evolve and reach a stage where we will generally understand what space and spaceships are.
There’s an agreement between the US government and the aliens. They signed a contract with us to do experiments here. They, too, are researching and trying to understand the whole fabric of the universe, and they want us as helpers.
Part of that unsettling pact, includes a secret underground base on Mars which is staffed by a team of ETs and Americans.
Remarkably, President Trump was on the verge of revealing, but the aliens in the Galactic Federation, which presumably governs intelligent species in the galaxy, are saying: Wait, let people calm down first. They don’t want to start mass hysteria. They want to first make us sane and understanding.
The claim was reportedly made by the former head of Israel's space security program Haim Eshed and published this past Friday by the Israeli newspaper Yediot Aharonot.
In the interview, the retired general who is now an esteemed professor told a reporter that the United States and Israel have been in contact with ETs for quite some time.
As for why he’s chosen to reveal this information now, Eshed explained that the timing was simply due to how much the academic landscape has changed, and how respected he is in academia.
“If I had come up with what I’m saying today five years ago, I would have been hospitalized,” he explained to Yediot.
He added that “today, they’re already talking differently. I have nothing to lose. I’ve received my degrees and awards; I am respected in universities abroad, where the trend is also changing.”
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Hovering light formation over Portland, Oregon
Hovering light formation over Portland, Oregon
These bright lights were making maneuvers in the sky above Portland in Oregon on 28th October 2020.
Witness report:
Observed four hovering lights in southern sky, forming a straight line. Three of the lights then formed a triangle and hovered for a few minutes. This was seen on two consecutive nights in October, around the same time. No high speed or erratic movement was observed, and man made objects cannot be ruled out.
A universe existed before Big Bang and you can still see it, claims physicist
A universe existed before Big Bang and you can still see it, claims physicist
Professor Sir Roger, Nobel Prize winner, claims universes existed before the Big Bang and evidence can still be observed today. Many scientists believe a "Big Crunch" took place
A universe existed before the Big Bang and it can still be seen today, a Nobel Prize-winning physicist has claimed.
Sir Roger Penrose, who won the honour for his work proving black holes exist, said he had found six "warm points" in the sky – named "Hawking Points".
The warm points, which are approximately eight times the diameter of the Moon, are named after Professor Stephen Hawking who theorised that black holes "leak" radiation and eventually evaporate away.
The time frame for black holes to evaporate completely is vast, potentially longer than the age of our current universe, which makes it impossible to detect the process.
However, Sir Roger, 89, believes that dead black holes from earlier universes – or aeons – can be seen now. If true, Prof Hawking's theories would be proved true.
Sir Roger has called the 'warm points' Hawkings Points in honour of the late Prof Stephen Hawking
(Image: Getty Images/iStockphoto)
Sir Roger shared the prestigious Wolf Foundation Prize for Physics with Prof Hawking for their work on black holes in 1988, reports The Times.
Speaking from his home in Oxford yesterday, he told the paper: "I claim that there is observation of Hawking radiation. The Big Bang was not the beginning. There was something before and that something is what we will have in our future.
"In this crazy theory of mine, that remote future becomes the Big Bang of another aeon. So our Big Bang began with something which was the remote future of a previous aeon and there would have been similar black holes evaporating away – via Hawking evaporation – and they would produce these points in the sky, that I call Hawking Points. We are seeing them.
"These points are about eight times the diameter of the Moon and are slightly warmed up regions. There is pretty good evidence for at least six of these points."
Sir Roger theorises that earlier universes can be observed today(Image: Getty Images/iStockphoto)
He has also recently published his theory of Hawking Points in the Royal Astronomical Society.
Sir Roger's idea is controversial, although many scientists do believe the universe expands before contracting back into a "Big Crunch" before a new Big Bang.
But black holes were also controversial themselves, English country parson, John Mitchell, first theorised them in 1783, and speculated if an object became extremely dense, it's gravitational pull would stop light from escaping.
However, Albert Einstein himself dismissed the theory as mathematical curiosity over reality.
Scientists believe the universe is expanding before it'll contract, causing a 'Big Crunch' followed by a new 'Big Bang'(Image: Getty Images)
Nine years after Einstein's death, Sir Roger proved that when objects became too dense, the inevitable consequence resulted in a gravitational collapse, where all known laws of nature stop.
His article is still seen as the most important contribution to the theory of relativity since Einstein.
Sir Roger first stumbled upon the idea when walking to a Tube station on his way to Birkbeck College 50 years ago when he was in his mid-30s.
He has finally been recognised for his work half a century later, by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
An Eden Prairie man says he has seen dozens of UFOs at his home near Flying Cloud Airport in Eden Prairie.
EDEN PRAIRIE, Minn. (FOX 9) - A couple miles from Flying Cloud Airport, in a quiet neighborhood, an Eden Prairie man saw a light in the sky last May, the curiosity became an obsession.
“I noticed something I had never seen before, which is an object that appeared to be levitating at or near the airport," he said.
An Eden Prairie man has reported multiple UFO sightings
The man said the objects often flew along the same flight path as planes flying in or out of Flying Cloud Airport but always after 11 p.m. when it is closed.
Fearing ridicule, the man asked the FOX 9 Investigators not to reveal his identity. Since that first encounter, there have been dozens of repeat performances. Bright objects in the western sky, at around 500 feet, moving slowly and silently across the horizon at an estimated 15 mph.
The man said the objects often flew along the same flight path as planes flying in or out of Flying Cloud Airport, but always after 11 p.m. when it is closed.
He’s made more than 80 video recordings with his iPhone, sometimes seeing as many as six objects together.
When he asked airport officials about it, they told him nothing was showing up on radar.
He also called Eden Prairie Police and the FBI, never getting any definitive answers about what the flying objects might be.
When asked if he would speculate on what he was seeing, he responded, “I would just take a shot in the dark and say… it is a listening device or something, something like big brother is tracking people’s movements.”
Exoplanet K2-141b is fiery hot world that circles so close to its star that 1 side of the planet features a deep ocean of molten lava. Meanwhile, the other side is freezing cold.
Artist’s concept of K2-141b, a hot lava world with a magma ocean, rock vapor atmosphere and supersonic winds.
In a new study announced on November 3, 2020, an international team of researchers described a planet unlike any in our solar system. The Earth-size exoplanet– named K2-141b – is a hot lava world on one side, but extremely cold on the other. It has a magma ocean, a rock vapor atmosphere, and supersonic winds. K2-141b is one of two planets in a star system about 202 light-years from our solar system in the direction of Aquarius the Water Bearer, a constellation seen from all part of the world on November evenings.
Planets that orbit close to their stars tend, of course, to be a lot hotter than those that are farther away, for example, Mercury and Venus in our solar system. But in some solar systems, there are planets that orbit their stars even closer than Mercury, the closest planet to our sun. Some of these extreme worlds are referred to as lava planets, where scientists think that at least part of their surfaces are covered by molten magma oceans.
On November 3, scientists at McGill University, York University and the Indian Institute of Science Education announced that one such planet under study – called K2-141b – is even more exotic. It’s a world that is scorching hot on one side and freezing on the other, with a magma ocean about 62 miles (100 km) deep, “rain” composed of rock that evaporates and then precipitates in a regular cycle similar to the water cycle on Earth, and supersonic winds over 3,100 miles per hour (5,000 km/hr). Wild! The findings are based on data from from NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope and Spitzer Space Telescope.
York University’s Tue Giang Nguyen is lead author of the study, published November 3, 2020, in the peer-reviewed journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Nguyen said in a statement:
The study is the first to make predictions about weather conditions on K2-141b that can be detected from hundreds of light-years away with next-generation telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope.
K2-141b’s surface is thought to be largely covered by a magma ocean (artist’s concept).
Discovered in 2018, K2-141b is only about 1 1/2 times the radius of Earth, but is a very alien world. Its surface, atmosphere and ocean are all composed of rock, specifically sodium, silicon monoxide, and silicon dioxide.
It is different in other ways, too. The planet is tidally locked to its star, meaning that the same side is always facing the star, just like one side of the moon always faces Earth. About 2/3 of K2-141b is in perpetual daylight, something we never experience on our own world. The researchers determined this by analyzing illumination patterns of the planet in the telescopic data.
So how does this affect the planet’s climate? Being tidally locked this way means that there are drastic temperature differences between the day and night sides of K2-141b. On the side facing away from the star, it is bitterly cold, estimated to be below -330 degrees Fahrenheit (-200 degrees Celsius). But on the star-facing side, the temperature is estimated to be a scorching 5,700 degrees Fahrenheit (3,000 degrees Celsius). In our own solar system, we think of Venus’ scorching surface temperature as being hot enough to melt rocks. But on K2-141b, it is so hot that rocks can evaporate. The vaporized rock helps to create a thin atmosphere on the planet. As Nicolas Cowan at McGill University noted:
Our finding likely means that the atmosphere extends a little beyond the shore of the magma ocean, making it easier to spot with space telescopes.
55 Cancri e, almost twice the diameter of Earth, is another possible lava world, as seen in this artist’s concept.
The rock vapor that is created on the day side of the planet also acts as precipitation. The cycle is basically similar to what happens on Earth, but with no water involved. The mineral vapor behaves like earthly precipitation; the supersonic winds carry it to the night side of the planet, where it “rains” down to the surface. The currents in the magma ocean, with the precipitated minerals, flow back to the hot day side of the planet, where the rock minerals evaporate again.
It’s a regular cycle, but not as stable as on Earth. Since the flow of the magma ocean back to the hot side is slow, the scientists say that the mineral composition will gradually change over time, affecting both the surface and atmosphere of K2-141b. Cowan said:
All rocky planets, including Earth, started off as molten worlds but then rapidly cooled and solidified. Lava planets give us a rare glimpse at this stage of planetary evolution.
The researchers now want to further test their calculations about K2-141b. They will now use data from the Spitzer Space Telescope to determine more specific temperatures for the day side and night side of the planet. Later, they plan to use the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), due to launch in 2021, to analyze the atmosphere.
Lava worlds like K2-141b are unknown in our solar system. Even Mercury isn’t close enough to the sun to have magma oceans on its surface. On Earth and Jupiter’s moon Io (and maybe Venus), the lava flows from volcanoes can give an idea of what it’s like, but it’s still not the same as having much of, or most of, a planet’s entire surface literally melted to create magma oceans.
Tue Giang Nguyen at York University, lead author of the new study.
Earth and other rocky planets in our solar system actually used to be kinds of lava worlds when they were first starting to form several billion years ago, and were still extremely hot, molten and uninhabitable. But then they gradually cooled and became the solid, rocky worlds we see today. In the case of Earth, there is still residual heat inside, in the core, but the surface cooled enough to have a thicker atmosphere and water. Smaller planets like Mercury cooled down also, but have little or no internal heat left over, and very thin or nonexistent atmospheres. Molten worlds like K2-141b could therefore provide valuable clues as to how young, newborn rocky planets form and evolve before they cool enough to become rocky worlds.
Bottom line: Lava planet K2-141b is an extreme world with a magma ocean, a rock vapor atmosphere and supersonic winds.
‘WTF?’: newly discovered ghostly circles in the sky can’t be explained by current theories, and astronomers are excited
‘WTF?’: newly discovered ghostly circles in the sky can’t be explained by current theories, and astronomers are excited
In September 2019, my colleague Anna Kapinska gave a presentation showing interesting objects she’d found while browsing our new radio astronomical data. She had started noticing very weird shapes she couldn’t fit easily to any known type of object.
Among them, labelled by Anna as WTF?, was a picture of a ghostly circle of radio emission, hanging out in space like a cosmic smoke-ring. None of us had ever seen anything like it before, and we had no idea what it was. A few days later, our colleague Emil Lenc found a second one, even more spooky than Anna’s.
The ghostly ORC1 (blue/green fuzz), on a backdrop of the galaxies at optical wavelengths. There’s an orange galaxy at the centre of the ORC, but we don’t know whether it’s part of the ORC, or just a chance coincidence.Image by Bärbel Koribalski, based on ASKAP data, with the optical image from the [Dark Energy Survey](https://www.darkenergysurvey.org), Author provided
EMU plans to boldly probe parts of the Universe where no telescope has gone before. It can do so because ASKAP can survey large swathes of the sky very quickly, probing to a depth previously only reached in tiny areas of sky, and being especially sensitive to faint, diffuse objects like these.
I predicted a couple of years ago this exploration of the unknown would probably make unexpected discoveries, which I called WTFs. But none of us expected to discover something so unexpected, so quickly. Because of the enormous data volumes, I expected the discoveries would be made using machine learning. But these discoveries were made with good old-fashioned eyeballing.
Our team searched the rest of the data by eye, and we found a few more of the mysterious round blobs. We dubbed them ORCs, which stands for “odd radio circles”. But the big question, of course, is: “what are they?”
At first we suspected an imaging artefact, perhaps generated by a software error. But we soon confirmed they are real, using other radio telescopes. We still have no idea how big or far away they are. They could be objects in our galaxy, perhaps a few light-years across, or they could be far away in the Universe and maybe millions of light years across.
When we look in images taken with optical telescopes at the position of ORCs, we see nothing. The rings of radio emission are probably caused by clouds of electrons, but why don’t we see anything in visible wavelengths of light? We don’t know, but finding a puzzle like this is the dream of every astronomer.
We have ruled out several possibilities for what ORCs might be.
Could they be supernova remnants, the clouds of debris left behind when a star in our galaxy explodes? No. They are far from most of the stars in the Milky Way and there are too many of them.
Could they be the rings of radio emission sometimes seen in galaxies undergoing intense bursts of star formation? Again, no. We don’t see any underlying galaxy that would be hosting the star formation.
Could they be the giant lobes of radio emission we see in radio galaxies, caused by jets of electrons squirting out from the environs of a supermassive black hole? Not likely, because the ORCs are very distinctly circular, unlike the tangled clouds we see in radio galaxies.
Could they be Einstein rings, in which radio waves from a distant galaxy are being bent into a circle by the gravitational field of a cluster of galaxies? Still no. ORCs are too symmetrical, and we don’t see a cluster at their centre.
A genuine mystery
In our paper about ORCs, which is forthcoming in the Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, we run through all the possibilities and conclude these enigmatic blobs don’t look like anything we already know about.
So we need to explore things that might exist but haven’t yet been observed, such as a vast shockwave from some explosion in a distant galaxy. Such explosions may have something to do with fast radio bursts, or the neutron star and black hole collisions that generate gravitational waves.
Or perhaps they are something else entirely. Two Russian scientists have even suggested ORCs might be the “throats” of wormholes in spacetime.
From the handful we’ve found so far, we estimate there are about 1,000 ORCs in the sky. My colleague Bärbel Koribalski notes the search is now on, with telescopes around the world, to find more ORCs and understand their cause.
It’s a tricky job, because ORCS are very faint and difficult to find. Our team is brainstorming all these ideas and more, hoping for the eureka moment when one of us, or perhaps someone else, suddenly has the flash of inspiration that solves the puzzle.
It’s an exciting time for us. Most astronomical research is aimed at refining our knowledge of the Universe, or testing theories. Very rarely do we get the challenge of stumbling across a new type of object which nobody has seen before, and trying to figure out what it is.
Is it a completely new phenomenon, or something we already know about but viewed in a weird way? And if it really is completely new, how does that change our understanding of the Universe? Watch this space!
China’s Chang’e 5 moon lander and ascent vehicle separate from the orbiter/return vehicle early on Monday. Credit: CCTV.
On December 1, the Chang’e-5 lander touched down on Oceanus Procellarum, a vast lunar mare on the western edge of the near side of the Moon. After the lander collected about two kilograms of lunar samples, it deployeda small version of China’s five-star red flag and then ejected the samples on an ascended vehicle to lunar orbit. After it completed its mission, Chinese engineers sent instructions that commanded the ascent vehicle to crash into the moon on Monday.
Following the successful docking of the ascent vehicle with the Chang’e-5 lunar orbit on December 5, reports from Chinese media suggested that the ascent vehicle still had a lot of fuel, which qualified it for an extended mission. However, the China Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP) took the decision to decommission the vehicle by crashing it into the moon in order to avoid producing space junk in the moon’s orbit that could impact future missions.
The impact occurred just half an hour after mission control sent commands to the Chang’e-5 ascent vehicle, instructing it to crash at 0 degrees longitude and 30 degrees south — somewhere between the ancient craters Regiomontanus and Walther in the southern highlands region.
The docking of the ascension vehicle with the Chang’e-5 orbiter was performed with an accuracy of no less than five centimeters while mission control was 380,000 kilometers away. This experience will prove extremely useful for China’s highly ambitious missions in the future, which will involve similar rendezvous and docking maneuvers for a Mars sample return mission in 2030. China also has plans for a crew mission to the moon that will also involve an ascent vehicle, orbiter, and reentry capsule.
The Chang’e-5 orbiter carrying the precious samples collected from the moon’s surface is still in lunar orbit. Chinese mission control is still waiting for the right window of opportunity to open for trans-Earth injection.
According to Chinese state media, the operation is scheduled for the next few days, most likely on Saturday, resulting in the landing of the reentry capsule at Siziwang Banner, Inner Mongolia.
If successful, Chang’e-5 will become the first mission to bring lunar samples back to Earth since the landing of the Russian spacecraft, Luna 24, on August 18, 1976. During the Apollo missions, the United States retrieved 382 kilograms of lunar rocks and soil, whereas the former Soviet Union brought over 300 grams of lunar samples back to Earth during three missions.
After six years of traveling alone, the Japanese Hayabusa 2 probe sent a capsule back to Earth. The capsule should contain at least 100 milligrams of samples taken from Ryugu — an asteroid located about 186 million miles (300 million kilometers) from Earth. It’s the first time any samples from asteroids have been brought back to Earth.
The capsule that went to an asteroid was safely retrieved.Image credits: JAXA.
The spacecraft spent over a year investigating Ryugu, a kilometer-wide potentially dangerous asteroid, taking photos and measurements from as close by as possible — before ultimately snagging some hard rock samples.
It’s not easy to latch onto a quick-moving asteroid. Hayabusa 2 had to fire a small tantalum projectile into the surface, collecting the cloud of surface debris with a sampling horn, and returning to its holding position. But this was just the first stage: for the second stage, Hayabusa actually fired a larger copper projectile, exposing pristine material, and landing on the asteroid to take a sample. Then, as the asteroid approached our planet, Hayabusa released the capsule with the samples and used its engine to push it towards Earth. The capsule contained a radio beacon which gave off a signal, allowing researchers to track its location and retrieve it successfully.
“Hayabusa 2 is home,” Dr. Yuichi Tsuda, project manager for the mission, said at a press conference on Sunday morning (GMT) in Sagamihara, Japan.
“We collected the treasure box,” he said, adding: “The capsule collection was perfectly done.”
Satoru Nakazawa, the Hayabusa 2 sub-manager at the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (Jaxa), who was part of the retrieval operation described the search:
“We went there with the helicopter and it was emitting the beacon signal. But at that time, it was still dark, so it was unclear [where it was]. I was very, very nervous.
“We flew over the area [where it landed] many times and I thought maybe that was where it was. Then the Sun rose and we could visually confirm the existence of the capsule. We thought: ‘Wow, we found it!”
“But we had a very jittery, frustrating time until sunrise.”
Image credits: JAXA / EPA.
Geologists already had some idea of Ryugu’s geological but of course, having access to direct samples will offer a much clearer vision — especially as it’s never been done before. But there’s more to this mission than just Ryugu’s own tale, the asteroid hides secrets from the early days of the solar system.
Asteroids are essentially time capsules, going about the solar system for billions of years. Scientists have a decent idea of what they’re made of, but fine measurements have been lacking until now — hence the importance of bringing asteroid samples to Earth. Some researchers believe these asteroids brought water to Earth and made it habitable; this idea will now be investigated in closer detail.
Ryugu. Image credits: JAXA.
Indeed, to scientists, the asteroid sample from Ryugu really is like a treasure box. As explained by the Verge, asteroids are the earliest pictures of our Solar System. They’ve been around for billions of years, and scientists don’t think they’ve changed much. Some scientists believe that it’s possible that asteroids like Ryugu brought water to Earth thereby making the planet habitable. Asteroid samples could help shed light on this hypothesis and plenty others.
What makes it even more exciting is that Hayabusa 2 managed to grab samples from below the asteroid’s surface — samples that haven’t been struck by sunlight in billions of years and could still hold the original chemistry of billions of years ago.
Researchers aren’t sure yet just how big the treasure box is. It will now be thoroughly investigated, and hopefully, the payload will be at least 100 milligrams, which would be enough to carry out all the desired tests.
Meanwhile, Hayabusa 2 still isn’t retired, it merely made a quick trip to drop the capsule. Now, the shuttle is off to explore another asteroid: 1998KY26, to find out how we can deflect potentially dangerous asteroids.
On the 75th anniversary of perhaps the most famous Bermuda Triangle disappearance, an Australian researcher debunks the myths and explains his own theory on why five US Navy torpedo bombers and a rescue plane disappeared in the triangle without a trace. Case closed or will we still be debating the Bermuda Triangle on the 100th anniversary?
“We should ask ourselves: if we don’t know what caused something, or if something appears entirely mysterious, should we look for the answer in the paranormal.”
Oh, boy. If you want to start a controversy, there’s a good place to start. Shane Satterley of Griffiths University in Queensland opened with that statement in his interview with 9 News about the 75th anniversary of the December 5, 1945, disappearance of five TBM Avenger torpedo bombers collectively known as ‘Flight 19’ which took off from a Naval Air Station in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, on a three-hour exercise (hum ‘Gilligan’s Island’ theme here) following an ironically triangular flight plan. The mission was led by Lieutenant Charles C. Taylor, an experienced pilot and WWII veteran.
“Both my compasses are out and I’m trying to find Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. I’m over land, but it’s broken. I’m sure I’m in the Keys, but I don’t know how far down.”
Based on previous reports, the planes were not over land but still far out to sea. Non-mission pilots who picked up Taylor’s and other pilots’ broadcasts said later that he sounded confused and anxious. A PBM Mariner flying boat from a Ft. Lauderdale air station was sent to find them but vanished off of radar 20 minutes later and neither the plane nor the 13 crew members were ever found. Search parties of over 300 boats combed the Atlantic east of Florida but found no remains of Flight 19 either. The official government explanation said the disappearance was “cause unknown” and it became known as the Lost Patrol.
“However, when we take the time to learn more about these events and not jump to conclusions, they start to look much more ordinary.”
In the interview and an earlier article in The Conversation, Satterley lays out the critical thinking process that led him to an ordinary cause for the disappearances. On the disappearance of the search plane, Satterley points out that these were nicknamed “flying gas tanks” for their tendency to go down in flames, and that is what a passing merchant ship witnessed, along with the resulting oil slick. On the other hand, TBM Avengers were known to sink about 45 seconds after a water landing – which resulted in an ocean bottom landing that made finding them nearly impossible.
Then there was the coverup.
“Beyond the reported drinking, other rumors have surfaced about Taylor’s behavior that day. One story holds that he was anxious to get home from the mission to go on a hot date, possibly with Jinx Falkenberg, a well-known actress of the day. Another rumor was that he had recently broken up with a girlfriend. He received a letter that same day with some kind of disturbing news.”
Besides the possibility that Taylor made a mistake and may have panicked, there were rumors of his drinking problems and women problems. All of this upset Katherine Taylor, his mother. Upset that her son was being blamed by both the Navy and the media (some things never change), she petitioned the Navy, which capitulated a year after its initial report and changed the reason for the disappearance to “for causes unknown.” In a minor defense, Satterley points out that the other planes had inexperienced trainee crews who were little help in flying by instruments in that day’s bad weather.
“But if 1000 aircraft fly through the Bermuda Triangle and we can explain what happened to 990 of them, should we say the other 10 were supernatural cases? I don’t think we should. All we can say is we don’t know what happened for sure – and we should try to learn more.”
Is the Bermuda Triangle supernatural or natural to logical thinkers like Shane Satterley but not to those with super imaginations? Can the same be said of other paranormal phenomena?
For now, on the 75th anniversary of the disappearance of Flight 19 in the Bermuda Triangle, Shane Satterley has opened a triangular can of worms.
Just when you thought the basketball-with-protrusions coronavirus would be the symbol of 2020, a new candidate come streaking in from parts unknown (maybe) to make a late bid for 2020 meme supremacy. We’re talking, of course, about the monolith. They started in Utah, spread to Romania and California, disappeared both mysteriously and nefariously, and ended up being claimed by an artist who has them for sale. That should have been the end of the mania … right? Ha! You forgot that this is 2020 – killing the monoliths has become as difficult and controversial as killing the coronavirus. Before that artist could start filling orders, a new supplier undercut him, a monolith appeared in the sky over Idaho, more appeared on the ground in the Netherlands, Pittsburg and on the Isle of Wight — and then came the ultimate (so far) … a golden monolith was found in Columbia! Can this be topped? Somewhere, a monolith said, “Hold my beer and watch this!”
“We went down the steps and to the right about 100 yards in front us we saw this big reflection of the sun. I knew about all the monolith stories recently, so I recognised it straight away.”
You can’t miss the monolith on the Isle of Wight’s Compton Beach, according to dogwalker Tom Dunford, who found it on December 6. It differs from earlier monoliths because it has a pointy top – from the planet of the Coneheads perhaps? This one is also extremely reflective rather than a brush metallic surface – so the aliens can collect our fingerprints? Of course, it may not be aliens – just another copycat. However, don’t tell that to the hikers in Friesland near the Kiekenberg nature reserve in the Netherlands. On the same day, they found a mini-monolith next to a frozen pond with no telltale human footprints in the frost around it. Levitating aliens?
Baby golden monoliths?
“All of a sudden this rectangle showed up. It was only in the sky for a couple of seconds. It wasn’t there, then it was, and as quickly as it appeared, it was gone again. That quick!”
Speaking of levitation, Jeff Jacobs, was driving in Coeur d’Alene, Idaho, on December 4 when he saw a dark monolith-shaped object in the sky. Luckily, he was quick with the smartphone and snapped a picture before it disappeared. The aliens leaving in their monolith spaceship to leave more homing beacons? No one seems to have an explanation for the monolith-in-the-sky, but one on the ground in front of Grandpa Joe’s Candy Shop in Pittsburgh has a logical explanation – the owner ordered it built out of plywood and sheet metal to attract customers. Finally – an honest non-alien obelisk owner.
“I will hand craft and ship to you a 10 foot tall extruded triangle 3 feet on each side, made of 7 gauge 304 stainless steel, and includes 7 foot attachable ground mounting rods with 1/2 inch toggles, these can be used by the installer to mount the sculpture in firm soil, solid rock, concrete or suspended in concrete. Properly installed it will be very sturdy, small arms bullet proof, and extremely difficult to remove.”
If you’re not handy with tools and you don’t have $45,000 to buy one from The Most Famous Artist, you can get a bullet-proof monolith on Etsy for only $10,000. That’s not much more than a 12-foot live Christmas tree these days … and it’s bulletproof! However, even that can’t compete with the greatest monolith so far.
“This Saturday, social networks in Colombia began to fill with photos and videos of what would be the strange appearance of a golden monolith in the municipality of Chía, located a few kilometers from Bogotá. It is unknown who located it there, and the only thing that is known is that it would have been found by workers in the morning.”
The tweets accompanying the Mystery Planet’s article on Colombia’s golden monolith hint that they think it’s a marketing ploy – and that seems to be as good of a guess at any right now. One thing is for certain – it’s not over, especially when there’s money to be made. And it’s a great distraction from the rest of 2020.
A fallen monolith?
Sorry, coronavirus meme – your day (and that of your real inspiration) is almost over. There’s a new kid in town and his name is Mono.
Wait, they may want to rethink that before putting it on the meme.
Mankind has made contact with an alien 'Galactic Federation' but it has been kept secret because 'humanity isn't ready', former head of Israel's space security program claims
Mankind has made contact with an alien 'Galactic Federation' but it has been kept secret because 'humanity isn't ready', former head of Israel's space security program claims
Haim Eshed said aliens are real and secretly in contact with America and Israel
He claimed the 'Galactic Federation' runs an underground Mars base with the US
The 87-year-old said aliens will not come into the open until humanity 'evolves'
Israeli space official Haim Eshed, pictured on the cover of a new book called The Universe Beyond the Horizon, claims that the US and Israel have had contact with aliens
An Israeli space official has claimed that aliens are real and secretly in contact with America and Israel - but are keeping their existence quiet because humanity 'isn't ready'.
Haim Eshed - who was head of Israel's space security programme for nearly 30 years and is a retired general - described a so-called 'Galactic Federation' which supposedly runs an underground Mars base in a secret pact with Washington.
But the aliens had to intervene to stop Donald Trump when he appeared 'on the verge' of blurting out their secrets, he told Israeli paper Yediot Aharonot.
And the 87-year-old Eshed says the aliens will not come into the open until humanity can 'evolve and reach a stage where we will... understand what space and spaceships are'.
Eshed did not say how long the aliens have been hiding in the shadows, but said some of the supposed contact had taken place during Trump's presidency.
Speaking of an 'agreement' between the US government and the alien visitors, Eshed said the extraterrestrials wanted to work with American agents to study 'the fabric of the universe'.
'The aliens have asked not to announce that they are here [because] humanity is not ready yet,' Eshed told the Hebrew-language newspaper Yedioth Aharonoth, according to Jewish Press.
'Trump was on the verge of revealing [alien existence], but the aliens in the Galactic Federation are saying, 'Wait, let people calm down first'.
'They don't want to start mass hysteria. They want to first make us sane and understanding.'
Until that point, he said, aliens have secured an agreement to keep their movements secret.
'They have been waiting for humanity to evolve and reach a stage where we will generally understand what space and spaceships are,' said Eshed.
'There's an agreement between the US government and the aliens. They signed a contract with us to do experiments here. They, too, are researching and trying to understand the whole fabric of the universe, and they want us as helpers.'
'There's an underground base in the depths of Mars, where their representatives are, and also our American astronauts,' Eshed is reported to have said.
The former space official claimed he had come forward now in the unlikely hope that his revelations would be accepted as true.
'If I had come up with what I'm saying today five years ago, I would have been hospitalised,' he told the Israeli paper. 'Every place that I went to in academia with this, they said: The guy has lost his mind.
'I have nothing to lose. I've received my degrees and awards; I am respected in universities abroad, where the trend is also changing.'
In April 2020 the Pentagon released footage from three sightings of unidentified objects. One of the videos was captured off the coast of Jacksonville, Florida, in 2015 (pictured)
The professor has even put his thoughts into a book in which he describes how aliens have prevented nuclear disasters on Earth, according to the Jerusalem Post.
The book is called The Universe Beyond the Horizon: Conversations with Professor Haim Eshed.
As head of the Israeli defence ministry's space directorate, Eshed helped launch spy satellites which he said would help provide high-quality surveillance of Iran.
When he retired in 2011, he was even described in Israeli media as 'the father of Israel's satellite programme'.
But after leaving his role at the defence ministry, he is said to have 'turned to what really interested him - aliens'.
In the new book he discusses UFOs and 'various theories about their nature, purpose and origin, which in his opinion is probably not from Earth,' according to a blurb.
Eshed is described a researcher who 'believes that the human race is not alone in the universe, and that it must fit into the harmony of the great plan'.
Israel's space agency hinted at a future moon mission on Monday by publishing a short clip entitled 'Back to the Moon' with the caption 'Ready to get excited again?'.
The country's first attempt at a lunar landing ended in failure when a privately-funded robotic craft crashed on its final descent last April.
Only the US, China and the former Soviet Union have succeeded in carrying out a controlled landing on the moon.
NASA has an official target of returning humans to the moon by 2024, but the development of a next-generation rocket has been held up by the pandemic.
The US and China also have Mars in their sights, but the dream of landing humans on the red planet is still some way off - despite Eshed's claims of an underground base.
Beijing's unmanned Tianwen-1 rover is due to arrive in the red planet's orbit in February 2021 after taking off in July.
NASA has its own Mars rover on the way, Perseverance, and is working on systems that could support human life on the 34million-mile trip to Mars.
Trump, whether secretly in league with aliens or not, unveiled America's new Space Force last year, the first new military service in the US for more than 70 years.
The Pentagon said in August this year that it was setting up a new task force under the US Navy to investigate UFO sightings.
In April, US defence chiefs released three videos taken by Navy pilots showing mid-air encounters with unexplained objects.
The grainy black and white footage had previously been leaked and the Navy had acknowledged they were genuine videos.
One of the videos was shot in November 2004 and the other two in January 2015.
Mystery of the mirrored monoliths: They've sprung up in remote beauty spots across the world, from the Utah desert to the Isle of Wight. But are they bizarre works of art... or something out of this world?
By Mark Palmer for the Daily Mail
Soaring over the barren, featureless desert of Utah's aptly named Red Rock Country, the helicopter crew could not believe its eyes.
A tedious routine flight counting bighorn sheep in one of America's emptiest regions had suddenly taken a dramatic turn, one that would immediately capture the world's imagination — and fuel wild conspiracy theories.
In this rugged, canyon-carved, sun-baked corner, an otherworldly, 10ft 'monolith' was glinting in the harsh desert light. Three-sided, metallic and as immovable as the menhirs of Stonehenge, it seemed somehow both to have been there for ever and to be a kind of message or sign — but it gave no clue as to its origins.
Feeling reflective: This 10ft metal monolith appeared in a red-rock desert in the U.S. state of Utah last month
Helicopter pilot Bret Hutchings described how a biologist on the flight with him spotted the object. 'He was like, 'Whoa, whoa, turn around, turn around!' said Hutchings. ''There's this thing back there — we've got to go look at it!' I have to admit, that's been about the strangest thing I've come across out there in all the years of flying.'
A bewildered spokesman for the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources euphemistically said the monolith — which are usually a single stone or rock — was an 'anomaly' after it appeared on November 18, adding: 'It's a tough place to get to by vehicle and on foot.'
So who — or what — could possibly have planted it? The internet was instantly aflame with theories. It was a prop left over from films including Indiana Jones, Star Trek and Mission: Impossible, all of which were made in the area. It was, others insisted, a satellite beacon, a 'resonance deflector' — or maybe just 'an eyesore'.
But perhaps the most common suggestion was that the monolith was placed there by an alien species of vastly superior intelligence.
After all, it resembled nothing so much as the huge black object that mysteriously appears in the desert in the epic opening scene of Stanley Kubrick's masterpiece 2001: A Space Odyssey.
Within days, similar objects began popping up all over the world and a near identical monolith appeared on a hillside in Romania (pictured)
Gold in them thar hills: Another strange object appeared in Chia municipality, Colombia, as the metal structures started popping up all around the world
Fixed into the dusty ground by a higher intelligence, the object appears to teach the 'apes' in that film how to use tools — in turn sparking the arrival of humans.
Then, just as strangely as it arrived, the Utah monolith vanished, nine days after it had first baffled the globe. And from there, the mystery only deepened further.
Within days, similar objects began popping up all over the world. A near identical monolith appeared on a hillside in Romania. Internet users were quick to point out that the metallic, triangular object had appeared close to an ancient archaeological landmark, the Petrodava Fortress, built by the ancient Dacian people about 2,000 years ago.
Could this be significant, many wondered. Were aliens trying to send a message? Or were pranksters merely copying the Utah phenomenon that fascinated the planet? Then the monoliths began proliferating with extraordinary profusion. One 'landed' at the top of a mountain trail in California. It too vanished.
Another turned up in the city of Pittsburgh, Pennyslvania, outside a sweet shop. Perhaps the extra-terrestrials were fond of Hershey's chocolate, some quipped.
At the end of last week, an especially beautiful monolith appeared in the Joshua Tree National Park of southern California. Others appeared in Colombia and the Netherlands.
At the end of last week, an especially beautiful monolith appeared in the Joshua Tree National Park of southern California
New on the block: Another monolith appeared on a hilltop near the city of Atascadero in California last week, days after others had mysteriously appeared then vanished
Finally — closest to home — in the early hours of Sunday morning, a gleaming, three-sided monolith 'landed' out of nowhere at genteel Compton Bay, on the south-west coast of the Isle of Wight.
Dog walkers were awed by the sight of the 8 ft object standing rigidly straight, reflecting the winter light that sparkled on the sea. Resident Alexia Fishwick said she was 'dumbstruck' when she spotted it during a beach walk, saying the monolith was 'really quite magical'.
Once again, it was in a hard-to-reach place, fixed into the sand below a sheer cliff, accessible only by a narrow footpath. Former Radio 1 DJ Rob da Bank, who lives on the island, says: 'I'm not sure if it's aliens, a Coldplay PR stunt or a local mirror dealer drumming up trade, but it got us all down the beach anyway.'
Tory MP Bob Seely was more measured, saying: 'It's fascinating that this sculpture has popped up.'
Sculpture? Surely not, many insist. It must be far, far more than that.
A spokesman for Isle of Wight Council claimed the beach at Compton Bay is owned and managed by the Crown Estate — although the National Trust disputes this, insisting it owns the site.
The Trust says the monolith had appeared without permission — how infuriating that the aliens failed to follow proper planning rules — and insists: 'We need to monitor over the next few days to ensure the beach remains safe and does not become overcrowded.' The organisation also conducted a full study of the object, concluding that it 'seems secure on a wooden plinth and is made from mirrored sections of plastic or Perspex material'.
The monoliths began proliferating with extraordinary profusion, with one appearing in a nature reserve near Oudehorne in the Netherlands
Stunned: Local Peter James was mystified when a monolith appeared out of nowhere at genteel Compton Bay, on the south-west coast of the Isle of Wight
Over in America, suspicion has fallen upon an anonymous collective called The Most Famous Artist, based in Sante Fe, New Mexico. They quickly took credit for the monoliths in Utah and California and, while they were about it, showed some entrepreneurial flair by posting an image of the Utah creation — with a £34,000 price tag attached.
Whatever the truth of the monoliths' origins, it's clear there hasn't been anything like them since crop circles began appearing in 1976. Over the next two decades these phenomena were all the rage. Or, as the Smithsonian Institution said, they were a 'lens through which the initiated could witness the activity of Earth energies and ancient spirits, the anguish of Mother Earth in the face of impending ecological doom and evidence of secret weapons'.
The mystique of crop circles was finally shattered when two Brits — Doug Bower and his co-conspirator Dave Chorley — were outed as the creators of the first 'flying saucer nest' in a Wiltshire wheat field using ropes and boards. There are signs, that the current monolith mania will be more short-lived.
Another turned up in the city of Pittsburgh, Pennyslvania, outside a sweet shop. Perhaps the extra-terrestrials were fond of Hershey's chocolate, some quipped
An anonymous collective called The Most Famous Artist took credit for the monoliths in Utah and California, but founder Matty Mo (pictured) said the craze is now out of control
Many seem to disappear almost as fast as they arrive. One at the top of the Californian hiking trail came a cropper when a group of Trump supporters chanting 'Christ is King' and 'America First' came across it on a hike, took a dim view and demolished it, though it soon reappeared.
But as with those perplexing circles, the beauty of the monoliths seems to be that you can believe whatever you want about their origins. Go all galactic, if you wish, and convince yourself that they have appeared as an urgent — if rather opaque — message from aliens. Or take the view that people with too much time on their hands are planting a few bits of shiny metal and revelling in the subsequent speculation.
As Matty Mo, founder of The Most Famous Artist collective, said when he heard about the Isle of Wight's version: 'The monolith is out of my control at this point. Godspeed to all the aliens working hard around the globe to propagate the myth.'
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Former Israeli space security chief says aliens exist, humanity not ready
Former Israeli space security chief says aliens exist, humanity not ready
This "Galactic Federation" has supposedly been in contact with Israel and the US for years, but are keeping themselves a secret to prevent hysteria until humanity is ready.
NGC 4866, a lenticular galaxy, is shown in this NASA handout provided on July 19, 2013. Situated about 80 million light-years from earth, this image was captured by the Advanced Camera for Surveys, an instrument on the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope
(photo credit: REUTERS/EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY/NASA/ESA HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
According to retired Israeli general and current professor Haim Eshed, the answer is yes, but this has been kept a secret because "humanity isn't ready."
Speaking in an interview toYediot Aharonot, Eshed – who served as the head of Israel's space security program for nearly 30 years and is a three-time recipient of the Israel Security Award – explained that Israel and the US have both been dealing with aliens for years.
And this by no means refers to immigrants, with Eshed clarifying the existence of a "Galactic Federation."
The 87-year-old former space security chief gave further descriptions about exactly what sort of agreements have been made between the aliens and the US, which ostensibly have been made because they wish to research and understand "the fabric of the universe." This cooperation includes a secret underground base on Mars, where there are American and alien representatives.
If true, this would coincide with US President Donald Trump's creation of the Space Force as the fifth branch of the US armed forces, though it is unclear how long this sort of relationship, if any, has been going on between the US and its reported extraterrestrial allies.
But Eshed insists that Trump is aware of them, and that he was "on the verge" of disclosing their existence. However, the Galactic Federation reportedly stopped him from doing so, saying they wished to prevent mass hysteria since they felt humanity needed to "evolve and reach a stage where we will... understand what space and spaceships are,"Yediot Aharonotreported.
As for why he's chosen to reveal this information now, Eshed explained that the timing was simply due to how much the academic landscape has changed, and how respected he is in academia.
"If I had come up with what I’m saying today five years ago, I would have been hospitalized," he explained toYediot.
He added that "today, they’re already talking differently. I have nothing to lose. I’ve received my degrees and awards; I am respected in universities abroad, where the trend is also changing."
Eshed provided more information in his newest book,The Universe Beyond the Horizon – conversations with Professor Haim Eshed, along with other details such as how aliens have prevented nuclear apocalypses and "when we can jump in and visit the Men in Black." The book is available now for NIS 98.
While it is unclear if any evidence exists that could support Eshed's claims, they did come just ahead of arecent announcement by SpaceIL, the group behind Israel's failed attempt to land a spacecraft on the moon in 2019.
Uploaded to social media with the text "Ready to get excited again?," the announcement contained a 15-second video of the moon with text saying "Back to the Moon," followed by the date of December 9, 2020.
It is likely that this is a follow up to the Beresheet spacecraft, which crashed after engineers lost contact with it just minutes before it was due to land. However, the follow up project, titled Beresheet 2, is expected to take three years to be ready.
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Israëlische oud-ruimtebaas: ‘Wij hebben al jaren contact met aliens’
Foto: Fisher Institute for Strategic Air and Space Strategic Research CC BY-SA 2.5
Israëlische oud-ruimtebaas: ‘Wij hebben al jaren contact met aliens’
Israël heeft al contact gemaakt met aliens, maar dit is geheimgehouden omdat de mensheid er nog niet klaar voor is. Dat heeft de gepensioneerde Israëlische generaal en professor Haim Eshed gezegd. In een interview met de krant Yediot Aharonot zei Eshed, die bijna 30 jaar aan het hoofd stond van het Israëlische ruimtevaartprogramma, dat zowel Israël als de VS al jaren contact heeft met aliens.
Volgens de 87-jarige Eshed bestaat er een zogenoemde ‘Galactische Federatie’ die afspraken heeft gemaakt met de Amerikanen. De aliens werken samen met de VS omdat ze onderzoek willen doen en ‘het weefsel van het universum’ willen leren begrijpen. De voormalige ruimtebaas zei dat de Amerikanen en aliens een geheime ondergrondse basis op Mars hebben.
Eshed zei ook dat Trump weet dat ze er zijn en dat hij ‘op het punt stond’ om hun bestaan te onthullen. De Galactische Federatie hield hem tegen, naar verluidt om massahysterie te voorkomen. De mensheid moet eerst ‘een stadium van evolutie bereiken waarin we begrijpen wat de ruimte is en wat ruimteschepen zijn’, aldus Yediot Aharonot.
Nucleaire apocalyps
Op de vraag waarom hij deze informatie nu naar buiten brengt, antwoordde Eshed dat het academische landschap heel erg is veranderd en dat hij nu zeer gerespecteerd is. “Als ik dit 5 jaar geleden had gezegd, zouden ze me hebben opgenomen,” legde hij uit. “Ik heb niets meer te verliezen. Ik heb diploma’s gehaald en awards ontvangen, en ik geniet aanzien op universiteiten in het buitenland.”
Eshed zei verder dat aliens herhaaldelijk een nucleaire apocalyps hebben voorkomen.
Filer’s Files 50, 2020 Earth is a Colony of Other Planets - PART I
Riverside – On December 4, 2020, at1830, observed three V shaped objects travelling roughly North to South
Filer’s Files 50, 2020 Earth is a Colony of Other Planets - PART I
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
Www.nationalUFOcenter.com
In special reports, this week’s files cover: Paul Hellyer UFO Disclosure, NASA deputy director Says Aliens are Here, Mars Large Tube like Structure , Colony Earth and Watson Computer, Kepler Locates 2800 planets outside our Solar System, Asteroid Comes Close, Peru Nazca Lines UFO, Jaws UFO, Hopi Prophecy, and Election Games
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over California, Florida, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, Virginia and Washington D.C.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over France, Poland England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.
Special Projects
Paul Hellyer UFO Disclosure, Nearby Exoplanet Confirmed.
Paul Hellyer, a former Canadian defense minister, had first aired his views and opinions about aliens. He had claimed back then that aliens have not only visited our planet but they also live among us. That is, aliens live right here on earth and they are right here right now. In January 2014, Paul Hellyer gave an interview to Russian TV and he made certain disclosures. Paul Hellyer served as a defense minister in Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson’s government from 1963 to 1967.
Ninety year old Hellyer claimed that there are many species of aliens and that some of those species have been visiting our planet for thousands of years. Some of these aliens are from other galaxies and star systems but a few of those species do live in Venus, Mars and on the moons of Saturn. Hellyer states, that most of these alien species are not a threat to humans. To the contrary, most alien species are benevolent and intend to help mankind. However, the species have decided not to intervene in our ways of living or to assist us in any way unless we desire so and ask for their help and collaboration.
Some species, Hellyer says, are however a threat and may have ulterior motives. The entire interview had made some noise in the press and media. The transcripts have been published by many news organizations and the episode has been dubbed as Paul Hellyer UFO Disclosure.
Former Defense Minister of Canada Claims Extraterrestrials are on Earth
Paul Hellyer was Canadian minister of Defense in 1960s, ruling over the country’s armed forces during the time of the Cold War – and when he retired he publicly stated that we are not alone in the universe, and some guests from outer space actually live here, on planet Earth.
Sophie Shevardnadze: Our guest today is the Honorable Paul Hellyer, former minister of Defense of Canada, and he believes that life forms from space are present on Earth. It’s great to have you on our show. Why do you say that UFOs are as real as airplanes flying over our heads?
Paul Hellyer states: “Because I know that they are here, as a matter of fact, they’ve been visiting our planet for thousands of years and one of the cases that would interest you most if you give me two or three minutes to answer is that during the Cold War, 1961, there were about 50 UFOs in formation flying southwest from Russia across Europe, and Supreme Allied Command was very concerned and about ready to press the “Panic” button when they turned around and went back over the North Pole.
They decided to do an investigation and they investigated for 3 years and they decided that, with absolute certainty, four species – at least – had been visiting this planet for thousands of years. We have a long history of UFOs and of course there has been a lot more activity in the last few decades, since we invented the atomic bomb and they are very concerned about that and the fact that we might use it again, and because the Cosmos is a unity and it affects not just us but other people in the Cosmos, they are very much afraid that we might be stupid enough to start using atomic weapons again, and this would be very bad for us and for them as well.”
All of Paul’s claims cannot be rejected outright since there is always a possibility that some alien species may look like us and might be living with us on our planet, undetected for many years. I had a long talk with Paul who said, “Hw contacted a series of General officers he trusted and the confirmed what each had told him.” Additionally, he saw some of the aliens walking around Las Vegas.
It is entirely plausible that we ourselves did not originate on this planet which doesn’t rule out the theory of multiple species being of similar nature and also appearance, as well as biological composition. The often claim to be our ancestors and we are not from apes or chimps.
He goes on to say that aliens are miffed or disappointed with us because we don’t have the best ways of living. We don’t feed the poor, make atomic bombs and keep fighting with one another; we destroy forests and don’t evolve and use our planet as we should. All these reasons, although meaningful, appear to be of an environmentalist and a concerned citizen of the planet than that of an alien expert. They indicate they may be coming here in large numbers and want to preserve the planet environmentally/
NASA deputy director Says Aliens are Here
Dr. Lachezar Filipov, deputy director of the Space Research Institute in November of 2009, said: “Aliens are currently all around us and are watching us all the time; they are not hostile towards us, rather, they want to help us but we have not grown enough in order to establish direct contact with them. They are ready to help us but we don’t know what to request from them in case of contact.” Dr Filipov said,
“He believed humans and aliens would have direct contact in the next ten to 15 years. But it would be through telepathy rather than radio waves’,he added.”Even then, we might not see eye-to-eye with them, he warned. Referring to our interference with nature, he said: ‘Extraterrestrials are critical of people’s amoral behavior.” The data is secret and it’s not easily released
Mars Large Tube like Structure
Richard Buchli D.V.M PhD. writes, “This large tube is over 3 miles in diameter and seems to be damaged in several areas.” It joins several smaller tubes and all seem to feed the same destination at 11 38 S 35 18 W on Mars.Thanks to Richard Buchli D.V.M. PhD. and
Colony Earth and Watson Computer
If UFOs can reach us from other planets, or dimensions or from under the sea their technology must be far in advance of our own. Not generally realized is how advanced our own Earth computers are becoming. Google for example is experiencing with computers that drive cars, there are more than 2000 robots fighting in Afghanistan alongside our troops, the Jeopardy game show was played with Watson an IBM computer this week against two former human champions. It is logical to assume the aliens also use advanced computers, and it is quite likely many of the aliens themselves are advanced robot computers, probably a combination of biological alien and computer.
It is predicted Earth computers will surpass human intelligence in the year 2023 and Watson is a terrific start. Computers are operating faster at an increasing rate and probably by 2035; computers will greatly transform our human civilization. The world as we know it may greatly change as society may decide to trust computers that have been programmed with ethical decisions to control governments, to judge court cases, drive cars and planes, and even clean our homes. We can logically assume alien computers greatly exceed human intelligence and may be a reason they choose to remain comparatively hidden and anonymous. Abductees often report the aliens seem robot like and seldom talk or express emotions. Only a few aliens would be needed to control a vast array of robotic aliens collecting data, DNA, energy, foodstuffs and minerals from our planet. There is evidence of mining under the oceans.
Seven billion people now populate the Earth and resources and food are finite. Another twenty years the population will increase to eight billion people and we may have to colonize other planets to manage the growing population. The aliens may be here exploring to manage and upgrade their population for similar reasons.
Sir Francis Crick, 1962, a discoverer of DNA won the Nobel Prize for physiology/medicine, perhaps, said it best:
“Life did not evolve first on Earth; a highly advanced civilization became threatened so they devised a way to pass on their existence. They genetically-modified their DNA and sent it out from their planet on bacteria or meteorites with the hope that it would collide with another planet. It did, and that’s why we’re here. The DNA molecule is the most efficient information storage system in the entire universe. The immensity of complex, coded and precisely sequenced information is absolutely staggering. The DNA evidence speaks of an intelligent, information-bearing design.
Complex DNA coding is necessary for even the hypothetical first ‘so-called’ simple cell(s). Our DNA was encoded with messages from that other civilization. They programmed the molecules so that when we reached a certain level of intelligence, we would be able to access their information, and they could therefore “teach” us about ourselves, and how to progress. For life to form by chance is mathematically virtually impossible.” The UFOs in our skies appear to be updating, probing, investigating, and likely improving DNA. This may benefit both humans and aliens.
Kepler Locates 2800 planets outside our Solar System
NASA’s scientists announced that the Kepler space telescope
– an orbiting NASA telescope — spotted 2800 exoplanet candidates including almost a 100 that orbit their host stars in the so-called habitable zone, a region where liquid water could exist on a planet’s surface. After revealing more than 2,800 confirmed planets outside our solar system, the data collected by the Kepler space telescope continues to yield important new discoveries about our place in the universe. Though Kepler’s field of view covered only 0.25% of the sky, the area that would be covered by your hand if you held it up at arm’s length towards the sky, its data has allowed scientists to extrapolate what the mission’s data means for the rest of the galaxy. That work continues with TESS, NASA’s current planet hunting telescope. There are planets where life could thrive.
Kepler has helped turn science fiction into today’s reality,” said NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine . “These discoveries underscore the importance of NASA’s science missions, which consistently increase understanding of our place in the cosmos.”
Kepler image of exoplanets around a star
In just a year of peering out at a small slice of the galaxy, the Kepler telescope has discovered 12800 planets outside our solar system. “Kepler has discovered its first Earth-size planet candidates and its first candidates in the habitable zone. Five of the potential planets are near Earth-size and orbit in the habitable zone of smaller, cooler stars than our Sun.
Kepler also found six confirmed planets orbiting a Sun-like star. Thanks to NASA.
The Habitable Zone
Astronomers have discovered the first Earth-size planet orbiting a star in the “habitable zone” — the range of distance from a star where liquid water might pool on the surface of an orbiting planet. The discovery of Kepler-186f confirms that planets the size of Earth exists in the habitable zone of stars other than our sun.
NASA Planet-Hunter Data Reveals That 50% of Sun-Like Stars Could Host Potentially Habitable Planets
There is a new world somewhere we can visit sometime.This illustration depicts Kepler-186f, the first validated Earth-size planet to orbit a distant star in the habitable zone.
Credit: NASA Ames/JPL-Caltech/T. Pyle by FRANK TAVARES, NASA’S AMES RESEARCH CENTER NOVEMBER 5, 2020
Since astronomers confirmed the presence of planets beyond our solar system, called explants, humanity has wondered how many could harbor life. Now, we’re one step closer to finding an answer. According to new research using data from NASA’s retired planet-hunting mission, the Kepler space telescope, about half the stars similar in temperature to our Sun could have a rocky planet capable of supporting liquid water on its surface.
Our galaxy holds at least an estimated 300 million of these potentially habitable worlds, based on even the most conservative interpretation of the results in a study to be published in The Astronomical Journal. Some of these exoplanets could even be our interstellar neighbors, with at least four potentially within 30 light-years of our Sun and the closest likely to be at most about 20 light-years from us. These are the minimum numbers of such planets based on the most conservative estimate that 7% of Sun-like stars host such worlds. However, at the average expected rate of 50%, there could be many more.
This research helps us understand the potential for these planets to have the elements to support life. This is an essential part of astrobiology, the study of life’s origins, and future in our universe.
The study is authored by NASA scientists who worked on the Kepler mission alongside collaborators from around the world. NASA retired the space telescope in 2018 after it ran out of fuel. Nine years of the telescope’s observations revealed that there are billions of planets in our galaxy – more planets than stars.
“Kepler already told us there were billions of planets, but now we know a good chunk of those planets might be rocky and habitable,” said the lead author Steve Bryson, a researcher at NASA’s Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley. “Though this result is far from a final value, and water on a planet’s surface is only one of many factors to support life, it’s extremely exciting that we calculated these worlds are this common with such high confidence and precision.”
For the purposes of calculating this occurrence rate, the team looked at exoplanets between a radius of 0.5 and 1.5 times that of Earth’s, narrowing in on planets that are most likely rocky. They also focused on stars similar to our Sun in age and temperature, plus or minus up to 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit.
That’s a wide range of different stars, each with its own particular properties impacting whether the rocky planets in its orbit are capable of supporting liquid water. These complexities are partly why it is so difficult to calculate how many potentially habitable planets are out there, especially when even our most powerful telescopes can just barely detect these small planets.
Asteroid 2011-CA7 Apophis Could Hit Earth in 2036
“On Wednesday afternoon, 2011-CA7, an asteroid the size of a Volkswagen, will shoot past the Earth so close that it will be lower than some satellites. The probability of impact is microscopic. If the orbital elements of the asteroid are a tiny bit off, though, and it does hit us, the rock is expected to break apart high in the atmosphere with the pieces harmlessly burning up.
If the rock manages to remain intact down into the lower atmosphere, and then breaks apart, it could flash off all at once like the rock that blew down an estimated 80 million trees in the Tunguska, Siberia forest in
wide asteroid zipped past only at 11,855 KM, Your TV satellite is about three times farther out in space.
The Earth has been hit thousands of times in the past by large asteroids. It is believed the dinosaurs met their demise when one hit what became the Gulf of Mexico. Asteroid Apophis, will certainly come close as it passes by in 2029 and 2036. But how close? Estimates range from a near-miss at 18,000 miles to a bull’s-eye hit. The energy available from a 300 meter 90 stories tall, 25 million ton chunk of flying rock is like the dinosaur ending event.
Professor Lenoid Sokolov of the St. Petersburg State University is the first to suggest that Apophis may pass through just the exact-right spot in space, called a gravitational keyhole, to perturb the 2029 pass enough to cause the 2036 pass to hit Earth. Thanks to Tom Carol and NASA.
AN ASTEROID the size of a car has zipped past Earth. Scientists say is the closest flyby on record. NASA has admitted it didn’t see the space rock coming ahead of a near-miss on Sunday that took it within 1,830 miles (2,950km) of our planet.
That’s more than 130 times closer to Earth than the Moon (230,000 miles), or less than the distance between Los Angeles and New York City (2,400 miles).
“The asteroid approached undetected from the direction of the Sun,” Nasa’s Dr Paul Chodas told Business Insider. “We didn’t see it coming.”
The Palomar Observatory in California first detected the rock, now known as 2020 QG, six hours after it flew over the southern Indian Ocean at 5:08am BST (12:08am ET) on August 16.
At between 6 feet (2m) and 18 feet (5.5m) wide – a little larger than the average sedan – the object posed no threat to Earth.
Peru Nazca Lines UFO and Andes Mountain Runway Shaved
According to the video on YouTube, two medical professionals took an early morning flight in a Cessna plane to observe the Nazca Lines in Peru, near the foothills of the Andes on New Year’s Day. In the YouTube video, at 3’28, an aircraft is flying through rain clouds, when suddenly a UFO appears in a hole in the clouds at left, about 20 to 30 feet from the plane and seemingly on a collision course. The grey disk rapidly changes course and disappears back into the clouds, all within the space of a couple of seconds. Subsequent slow footage and still frame analysis of the incident clearly shows a flying saucer-shaped object. Is it possible the UFO was an alien craft navigating above the mysterious Nazca Lines?
Top of Mountain Flattened to Build Airport in Ancient times
Archeologists and anthropologists have studied the ancient Nazca culture and the complex to try to determine the purpose of the lines and figures. One theory is that the Nazca people created them to be seen by their gods in the sky. They can actually be seen from space and at least one Andes Mountain has been shaved off to allow for landings. Thousands of tons of earth and stone had to removed to create an apparent landing zone.
Eric Von Däniken maintains that the Nazca lines are runways of an ancient airfield that was used by extraterrestrials. My theory is that the various animals and birds point to ancient cities used be the ancients. From the air the huge drawings on the ground become a map of the ancient world.
The Nazca Lines provide Flying Directions to Key Ancient Cities
UFO Was Filmed in Jaws Movie in 1975
Martha’s Vineyard— Seven unknown airborne objects appeared in the filming of the first Jaws movie in 1975. In this clip four unknown flying objects appeared. In the first scene a bright object shows up moving from right to left low behind the boat. Later a light is seen in front of the cabin as Roy Schneider moves forward.
Later a bright streaking object goes across the sky as shown in the still image above. Near the end of the clip two dark objects show up close to the water. They were moving too fast to be birds.)Thanks to William Puckett Director UFOs Northwest
Here is a picture of my Roswell display which I finally completed this past weekend. The keystone of the display is a piece of wood floor board from one of the old hospital annex buildings from the time of the historic UFO event. Also a signed photograph of Brig. Gen. Roger Ramey is also a part of it. I have been collecting material for this display since I acquired the wood from a veteran in Roswell that knew of my interest in the UFO incident.
A section of barbwire was recently acquired and sent to me this past fall to be part of the display. Included are a 509 Composite Group patch and an ID card from a former Roswell intelligence officer. Thank you for sharing this with your readers. Thanks to Thomas Finley USAF Ret. Essex, England – UK,
Ronald Regehr writes, “Respect your elders. Especially respect the Hopi elders!
Hopi prophecy states that World War III will be started by the people who first received the Light–China, Palestine, India, and Africa. India and China have been fighting and 20,000 Indian troops were murdered. When the war comes, the United States will be destroyed by “gourds of ashes” which will fall to the ground, boiling the rivers and burning the Earth, where no grass will grow for many years, and causing a disease that no medicine can cure.
This can only mean nuclear or atomic bombs probably from Columnist China ; no other weapon causes such effects. Bomb shelters will be useless, for “Those who are at peace in their hearts already are in the Great Shelter of Life. There is no shelter for evil. When the Saquahuh (blue Star) Kachina dances in the plaza and removes his mask, the time of the great trial will be here.” The Hopi believe that only they will be saved.
Hopi Indian Hirt rock pictures hieroglyphics
The Hopi also have prophesied that “Turtle Island could turn over two or three times and the oceans could join hands and meet the sky.” This seems to be a prophecy of a “pole shift”–a flipping, of the planet on its axis. The Hopi call this imminent condition–and that of society today–“Koyaanisqatsi”, which means “world out of balance…a state of life that calls for another way.” Hopi tell of two water serpents coiling the Earth, from North Pole to the South Pole. Each serpent has a warrior twin sitting on the serpent’s head and tail. These warrior twins/gods relay messages of our conduct and behavior toward one another to the serpents who, when they move causes the Earth to move. These Earth movements—earthquakes, if you will, are to warn us that we must stop our bad behavior and live peaceably amongst ourselves. Legend says when we fail to heed the warning, these warrior gods will let go of the serpents and we will all perish in the ensuing cataclysm.
Editor’s Note: The geographic north pole at various times as been in the Atlantic Ocean near Greenland, in the Pacific Ocean and Northern Canada. It appears the tectonic plates slip to various points on Earth.
Election Games and Fraud
Smartmatic Director Admitted in 2017 that their Dominion voting machines .System Was Able to Create “At Least One Million” Phantom Votes in that Year’s Venezuela Election 11/17/20
I watched about a dozen people give testimony to fraud in Phoenix and Detroit during the election that appeared both reasonable and honest people. I worked in the Polls a dozen times and it’s easy to steal thousands of votes. The software in the machines has for example A-Biden and B- Trump so with your Flash Drive you reverse the order now B-Biden so all Trump votes go to Biden. Why are we using machines easily hacked? In the ten key Democratic cities the poll workers were trained to keep Republican poll watchers out completely or more than six feet away where they could not see the fraud. Biden Votes were put in the counting machines dozens of times at fifty to a hundred at a time. Frankly I do not trust politicians, judges or lawyers so I listen to the typical guy who worked in the e polls. Allegedly there are thousands of Affidavits from typical unpaid poll workers who claim thousands of votes were stolen. For Example in Detroit the ballots have numbers on them, and ballots are coming in from all over the state, yet the alleged mailed in ballots were in numerical order which is impossibility without fraud.
At Detroit late in the evening two truck loaded with Biden ballots were unloaded and suddenly Trumps hundred thousand lead was over turned.
I don’t tryst politicians, judges, or lawyers who are protecting their large salaries. It is interesting many politicians making a hundred thousand a year end up being multi-millionaires. Trump ;rga; team celebrates after Michigan judge has allowed probe of Dominion voting machines .
My insiders claim big election news is coming next week that may change the election.
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Filer’s Files 50, 2020 Earth is a Colony of Other Planets - PART II
Riverside – On December 4, 2020, at1830, observed three V shaped objects travelling roughly North to South
Filer’s Files 50, 2020 Earth is a Colony of Other Planets - PART II
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
Www.nationalUFOcenter.com
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over California, Florida, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, Virginia and Washington D.C.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over France, Poland England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
UFO Sightings in the United States
Sightings are from MUFON CMS
California Object
Riverside– On December 4, 2020, at1830, observed three V shaped objects travelling roughly North to South. Objects appeared relatively large, possibly a few thousand feet in altitude. Objects would stagger left to right as they travelled south, and would bank with those turns. They would then appear to hover, and then the lights they emitted extinguished. In one case, e lights shut off, I could barely make out a much smaller object, which turned east and disappeared quickly. It did not appear to be travelling very fast. The lights emitted from the V shapes were quite strong, about f 3000 degrees Kelvin. The rest of the “wings” were also illuminated with slightly dimmer lights. The attached image is from a sighting in Indiana which very closely resembles what I saw.
Florida Lights
Port Charlotte — On November 30, 2020, I was outside on my patio with my dogs when one of them looked up. When I looked up I was looking at the bottom of a gigantic black triangular UFO. Then I thought I was getting dizzy as the whole sky started moving and I realized what was happening. I just looked for about 30 seconds then ran in the house and grabbed my phone. It was going over the neighbor’s house when I took the pictures. Then the lights all faded and flickered and went black
New Jersey Triangle Cloud
Blackwood– On July 6, 2020, accidentally found in image after zooming in on computer app.
Englewood – On November 22, 2020, was looking out of my window viewing the sky and this is what I saw. (The witness was wondering if the objects seen and videotaped were bats.)
Note:The objects could be birds or bats. The video is out of focus so little detail can be determined. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/
New York Changeling Huge Light
New York City – On November 25, 2020, out walking my dog around 8:30pm.I looked up and noticed a bright light behind some clouds. Initially thought this light was the moon and clouds were just passing over it. The light was blue and that was what was confusing to me (determined it wasn’t the moon at this time). I stopped and then saw that the light was changing colors. This light was stationary and was visible for over 1/2 hour. The light was not close to any tall buildings or bridges but was just on its own pulsating a rainbow of colors silently. Was high up in the sky which made me think it was definitely something in the atmosphere.
Ohio Objects’
Powell – On November 12, 2020, at approx. 8:02 PM, five objects were observed to be hovering in the sky. Bottom left object moves slowly towards the left and one flash of light is seen about 11 seconds in. Objects appear to change shape or move in place. Size and distance is unknown.
Oregon Lights
Preiville –On November 27, 2020, woman was taking her dog out and noticed three orange lights in triangular formation. Two of the lights were stacked vertically and the third was to the left. The lights stayed in the same formation and moved away from the witness to the west. The lights emitted no sound. The lights were only seen for 30 seconds to one minute and the witness didn’t believe that the lights were Chinese lanterns. Another orange later appeared for about the same duration. A photo was taken of the three lights and of the one light. The photo of the three lights is included in this report. The lights were much bigger than stars and skies were clear at the time of the sighting.
Note: The photo clearly shows the three orange lights. The lights must have been very bright and large to show up that well in a nighttime photo.
Nashville – On November 22, 2020, saw something through my window that moved through the sky in a way that made me take another look. When I couldn’t figure out what it was, I began filming with my phone. It was a ring shaped object flying over the park behind my house. I would guess based on the distance that it was about 3 feet in diameter. My first guess was that it was a drone, but it was hollow in the middle. After researching, I could not find a single identifiable flying object of that shape or size.
Virginia Cylinder
Wytheville– On July 28, 2020, checked my hunting cam cards every 6 months. This camera was point toward my house and land for security purposes. I have not exterior lights, no street lights, area is very rural and object appears over my forest land which is 300 plus acres of nothing but trees no houses. Lights pattern appears too curved with a slight outline of an object. Lights also appear to be separated. I have attached two photos on is the original and the other is one I magnified. Former law enforcement not a nut job or fake it’s the photo that was on my trail cam SD card.
Washington D.C. Lights
D.C. – On December 5 2020, my camera turned off for no reason what so ever then the craft vanished into thin air.
Worldwide UFO Sightings
France Cylinder
Bugarach, Occitani– On October 15, 2020, I saw nothing, heard nothing in particular while filming with my camera. It was while watching in slow motion (around 31 frames per second) that I could see unusual things, such as metallic objects moving at insane speeds, among insects and birds. I send you screenshots and the timing, the video is too heavy.
Poland Cylinder
Warsaw – I took this picture on the 9th of June, 2019, while making a picture of a tree with butterflies. The sky was clear and while making a photo I didn’t see anything on it looking like a plane or something else. After inserting a card into my computer this object showed up.
UK/England
Essex– On December4, 2020, I was working as a security guard on nights as normal it was dark and overcast I saw some lights underneath the clouds I went outside the gate house and saw a black triangle object with lights on each corner but rotating every six seconds I took a photo and a video on my cell phone then I went back in the gate house and carried on working then about ten minutes later I heard loads of helicopters outside
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Our research is uncovering amazing truths by solving challenging projects deemed too difficult by other firms. We have had some success in finding missing persons. We could use your help in getting more results from our research. I have put together a DVD of the last seventeen years of Filer’s Files for you with hundreds of great photographs and UFO sightings. Additionally, I have decided to include my book within the DVD that includes George Ritter’s exciting abduction story told by Linda Moulton Howe. Broadcaster David E. Twichell joined me to write the book. We are asking for a donation of only $50 that includes next year’s subscription and our book. Please include your e-mail address and mailing address.
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Filer’s Files is copyrighted 2015 by George A. Filer, all rights reserved. Readers may post the COMPLETE files on their Web Sites if they credit the newsletter and its editor by name, and list the date of issue. These reports and comments are not necessarily the OFFICIAL MUFON viewpoint. Send your letters to Majorstar Sending mail automatically grants permission for us to publish and use your name. Please state if you wish to keep your name or e-mail confidential. CAUTION MOST OF THESE ARE INITIAL REPORTS AND REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION. If you wish to stop receiving these files, please send a message to Majorstar
Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women; God Bless Our Troops, and Georgie, Elizabeth, and Victoria Filer, and Eddie Pedrick. May the Angels be your guide and take you to paradise.
Put another way, a young person in the U.S. is nearly 11 times as likely to die in a swimming pool than in a school shooting. Few public officials would say pools are doing a poor job protecting swimmers, but the statistics suggest that we need “more lifeguards at pools, as opposed to guards at schools,” Fox said
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
CAUTION MOST OF THESE ARE INITIAL REPORTS AND REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION. If you wish to stop receiving these files, please send a message to Majorstar@verizon.net.
Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women Georgie Filer and Eddie Pedrick my grandsons who both drowned. We pray that God will bless those who read these files spiritually.
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White Orb Seen Over Singapore On Dec 7, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
White Orb Seen Over Singapore On Dec 7, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 7, 2020 Location of sighting: Singapore
As you have seen over the last few years, white UFOs are the most common, but the closer you are to them, the more transparent they become. The white is less visible and you notice swirling mother of pearl colors. This one is not an orb, its a UFO with a pilot and all. Yes the ship has AI for functions and monitoring, but the pilot controls the it. Not surprising to see one over Singapore. It's one of the smallest and most powerful countries for its size. The country has tight control over Covid and is very modern compared to many larger countries.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
While walking below the MRT tracks between Bukit Gombak MRT stations towards BBDC direction, I had noticed a white speck flying high up in the sky across my field of vision. It disappeared behind the clouds proving its a high flying object, usually with the naked eyes in daylight can spot the wings of most airplanes especially military & commercial planes. This looks like a white drone of some sort flying above the clouds, I suspect the future is already here & maybe this is some sort of drone with human passengers.
UFO Near Space Station On Live Cam, Dec 7, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Near Space Station On Live Cam, Dec 7, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 6, 2020
Location of sighting: Space station
You all know I started the UFO watch over ten years ago on the space station live cam. I even organized people to protest NASA taking them down about 5 years ago and we won. But today I want to share with you something strange I caught while watching the live cam last night.
The object is golden in color and shaped unlike anything I have ever seen before. The UFO was not cloaked or invisible, but instead was hiding in the darkness not far from the space station. When the light over the earth began to hit the space station...the light also hit the UFO, causing it to become visible from the darkness below. I have explained that some aliens are extremely advanced and are equally lazy at manual labor...so they grow their ships...not all species but many. Biomechanical ships, living, but made to serve. The shape of this UFO off the bow of the space station makes me think it too...had been grown. This is 100% proof that aliens are watching humanity's activities in space...very closely...about 70 meters away to be exact.
UFO Cloaked In Cloud Flying Low Over Indonesia, Dec 1, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Cloaked In Cloud Flying Low Over Indonesia, Dec 1, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:Dec 1, 2020 Location of sighting: Indonesia
A person was lucky enough to catch a UFO cloaked in a cloud over Indonesia this week. The UFO was creating a cloud around it...which takes on the form of the UFO itself, but much larger. The cloud around it is about 75% larger than the UFO. The raw footage is only 14 seconds long, but really gives us some idea of what it looked like and how much in awe it leaves us all. This is 100% proof that aliens fly low over cities worldwide!
Date of sighting: Nov 28, 2020 Location of sighting: Turkey
A man in Turkey was looking up at the sky above his home and noticed some white UFOs moving around slowly. He recorded a few 25 seconds of footage of the confusing objects to show his family later, but then decided to share it on Youtube to get others opinions.
The object are cloud orbs. They are bigger than a soft ball, but smaller than a bowling ball. They are alien probes that look white far away, but up close the surface is smooth and slowly swirling colors like that of mother of pearl. (Yes once saw one 2 meters from me so yes...I know first hand.) They hide in clouds, however the video shows the sky is clear and blue, so there are no white clouds for the orbs to hide inside...and the blue makes it easy to see the white small spheres moving about. 100% proof that aliens exist.
Black Bell UFO Seen Over Winterthur, Switzerland, Hovering Sept 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Black Bell UFO Seen Over Winterthur, Switzerland, Hovering Sept 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:Sept 2020 Location of sighting: Winterthur, Switzerland
Here is a black Bell shaped cylinder UFO hovering over the city of Winterthur, Switzerland last month. It's thiner on its top, giving it a bell shape. It was seen on Sept 2020, but reported at end of Nov. The object is standing upright and moving slowly across the area. What gets me is that compared to the apartments below it...this UFO is huge! It's about the size of a semi truck. The focus of the UFO is equal to that of the apartments below it, so I know its real. The black surface of the UFO is visible because of the light reflecting off it it. So we get some detail...or not...of its curved cylinder skin.
This looks similar to the old Kecksburg, Pennsylvania UFO incident from Dec 1965. The UFO was similar but wider on the bottom like a bell or acorn nut and slimly brown tint to it.
Strange bright objects seems to merge over Piotrków, Poland
Strange bright objects seems to merge over Piotrków, Poland
Submitting on behalf of my friend, who's also a trainee pilot and his partner. Weird wedge/triangular object spotted by his partner first, who thought there's something burning, then thought its a moon, but excluded that possibility after observing moon on a different spot in the sky on December 7, 2020.
then reappeared again with its twin (actually, there were two of them at the same time for a brief moment) then the two objects seems to merge before flying away. Mufon.
Bright triangle-shaped was caught on tape in the sky above Piotrków, Poland on 7th December 2020.
Witness report:
Submitting on behalf of my friend, who’s also a trainee pilot and his partner. Object spotted by his partner first, who thought there’s something burning, then thought its a moon, but excluded that possibility after observing moon on a different spot in the sky. Object hovered for a long time, pulsating slightly. At some point blinked and disappeared. then reappeared again with its twin for a moment (there were two of them at the same time for a brief moment) and just disappeared for good after another 20 min or so of hovering there. Aerial map of the spot attached.
Jupiter is sometimes called a ‘failed star’ for good reason. The gas giant is the largest planet in the solar system by a large margin and is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium — just like the sun. But despite the fact it’s 318 times bigger than Earth, Jupiter isn’t massive enough for gravity to trigger nuclear fusion, which would have elevated it to stellar status.
Jupiter’s swirling, multicolored clouds wind through this color-enhanced close-up taken by Juno’s visible-light camera in 2018. Credit: f NASA/JPL-CALTECH/SwRI/MSSS.
The fifth planet from the sun has an atmosphere composed of about 90% hydrogen and about 10% helium, with trace amounts of other gases. These include water vapor, methane, hydrogen sulfide, neon, oxygen, phosphine, carbon, ethane, sulfur, and ammonia crystals, according to spectral analyses of the planet.
The atmosphere is not uniform with the gases being piled on top of one another, forming multiple layers extending downward, including a layer of supercritical hydrogen (the point where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist).
These layers aren’t necessarily linked to Jupiter’s famous stripes. These are actually the result of a combination of a fast rotation of the planet and dramatic differences in temperature in various regions. Earth rotates once in 24 hours, whereas Jupiter rotates once in about 9.5 hours. However, the surface of Earth at the equator is rotating at about 1000 miles per hour, while Jupiter’s equatorial cloud-tops are moving nearly 28,000 miles per hour. Jupiter’s equator is also more intensely heated than at the poles. The physics responsible for Jupiter’s stripes is actually quite similar to that responsible for trade winds near the equator and jet streams near the poles on Earth.
But unlike Earth, Jupiter doesn’t have a solid surface, so a visitor traveling through the Jovian atmosphere in a spacecraft would simply plow through like a knife through the mist. However, for practical purposes, scientists consider Jupiter’s surface the geodesic line where the atmospheric pressure is equal to that of Earth at sea level — at this point, gravity is 2.5 times more powerful than on Earth.
However, this hypothetical spacecraft wouldn’t just end up on the other side of the planet if it kept zipping through in a straight line — at some point, it would crash into Jupiter’s core, estimated to be about 35,000 degrees Celsius (63,000 degrees Fahrenheit).
Does Jupiter have a solid core?
Scientists still aren’t sure what this core looks like since the dense and swirling clouds obstruct observations. But there are reasons to believe Jupiter has a dense rocky center enveloped in a layer of metallic hydrogen (a phase of hydrogen in which it behaves like an electrical conductor), with another layer of molecular hydrogen (regular H2, dihydrogen gas) on top.
The presence of a rocky core is also supported by models of planetary formation which show that a rocky core, or at the very least an icy one, would have been necessary at some point in the gas giant’s history.
According to a 1997 study, which performed gravitational measurements, Jupiter’s core could have a mass of 12 to 45 times the mass of planet Earth — that’s 4% to 14% of Jupiter’s total mass.
Another school of thought concerning Jupiter’s core suggests that the gas giant lacks a rocky core. Instead, when the planet formed billions of years ago, a pocket of gas simply collapsed in on itself, creating a more-or-less pure hydrogen-helium world.
But this latter hypothesis has since been dispelled by the Juno mission. Launched in August 2011, the spacecraft named after Jupiter’s wife in Roman mythology has revealed numerous secrets about Jupiter.
By measuring how the spacecraft’s velocity was ramped up or slowed down by the planet’s gravitational field, scientists could deduce how mass is distributed in Jupiter’s depths. Although there’s no way to peer through Jupiter’s swirling dense clouds, this clever method confirmed that Jupiter does indeed have a core, scientists wrote in the journalNature. What’s more, rather than being a compact ball, the analysis showed that the core is more like a fuzzy sphere spread across nearly half of Jupiter’s diameter.
Scientists don’t actually know why Jupiter has such an atypical core, but whatever the explanation may be, it’s telling of how the planet formed. One possible explanation is that early Jupiter was stirred up by the impact with another huge proto-planetary body. Another explanation would be that Jupiter changed orbit and added more planetesimals early in its history.
Nevertheless, this insight showed that we still don’t know much about giant gas planets. Besides overturning assumptions about Jupiter’s core, the Juno mission also showed that the strange clusters of cyclones raging around the planet’s north and south poles are more chaotic than previously thought. Another surprise was Jupiter’s magnetic field, which turned out to be twice as strong than scientists assumed.
As Juno continues its mission exploring Jupiter and its moons, NASA scientists hope to uncover strange new things about Jupiter.
We sent a signal to make contact with aliens on a distant ‘Super Earth’ — here’s what we said
We sent a signal to make contact with aliens on a distant ‘Super Earth’ — here’s what we said
Humanity’s first contact with aliens could be a breezy 24 years away. We sent a signal to an Earth-like planet that may host life – and we sent them a mixtape.
The project, called “Sónar Calling GJ 273b,” is a team effort led by the Sónar music festival in collaboration with METI (Messaging to Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence) International and the Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia in Spain. Following is a transcript of the video.
Humans just tried to contact intelligent aliens.
On Oct. 16, 17, and 18 a team of musicians and scientists sent a message to aliens. They sent the message via radio waves and transmitted it 9 different times. This helps ensure that all the information reaches its destination
What’s in the message?
Thirty-three musical pieces, each 10 seconds long, a tutorial on how humans keep time, and when we will be listening for a response.
The message is headed for a nearby exoplanet named GJ 273b. GJ 273b is what astronomers call a “Super Earth”. It’s slightly more massive than Earth and is within its star’s habitable zone. GJ 273b is a good candidate for alien life.
This is the first radio message of its kind designed for a direct response at a specific time. GJ 273b lives in another star system 12 light years away.
That means if intelligent life responds we could make first contact in just 24 years.
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'Angelic' UFO spotted in the vicinity of our Sun
'Angelic' UFO spotted in the vicinity of our Sun
The last week a massive 'angelic UFO' has been spotted in the vicinity of our sun as well as several other unknown bright anomalies shooting past the sun at the speed of light.
The appearance of these strange space objects occurred before, during and after the sun fired off its biggest solar flare in more than 3 years.
NIEUWE KAART VAN DE ZUIDELIJKE NACHTELIJKE HEMEL ONTHULT MILJOENEN (!) NIEUWE STERRENSTELSELS 1 december 2020
NIEUWE KAART VAN DE ZUIDELIJKE NACHTELIJKE HEMEL ONTHULT MILJOENEN (!) NIEUWE STERRENSTELSELS
Vivian Lammerse
Dankzij de nieuwe hemelkaart ontwikkelen onderzoekers in recordtempo een soort ‘Google Maps’ van de ruimte, die vele eeuwenoude vragen over het heelal moet oplossen.
Onderzoekers hebben een nieuwe hemelkaart gemaakt die gebaseerd is op waarnemingen van de toonaangevende ASKAP-radiotelescoop. De telescoop kamde in recordbrekend tempo en in ongekend detail vrijwel de gehele zuidelijke hemel uit. Het leidde tot een prachtige nieuwe kaart van het heelal, waar bovendien een aantal heel interessante ontdekkingen uit rolt. Bijvoorbeeld de ontdekking van miljoenen nog nooit eerder waargenomen sterrenstelsels.
Meer over ASKAP ASKAP staat voor Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder en is ontwikkeld en beheerd door het Australische nationale wetenschappelijke bureau CSIRO. Het belangrijkste kenmerk van de telescoop is het brede gezichtsveld; zo heeft de telescoop zicht op zo’n zes graden van de hemel, wat overeenkomt met twaalf keer de grootte van de maan. Hierdoor is ASKAP in staat om in verbazingwekkend detail panoramische foto’s van de nachtelijke hemel te maken. Maar de radiotelescoop is nog tot veel grotere dingen in staat. De meest opwindende ontdekking van ASKAP zijn namelijk de nog altijd raadselachtige snelle radioflitsen (FRB’s). Tot voor kort was de precieze locatie van snelle radioflitsen – dus waar ze zich precies aan de nachtelijke hemel bevonden – niet bekend. Maar ASKAP is erin geslaagd om hun precieze locatie te bepalen. Bovendien is de radiotelescoop ingezet in de zoektocht naar buitenaards leven. De telescoop luisterde naar talloze sterren in de hoop op een signaal van een buitenaardse beschaving te stuiten.
Met behulp van de ASKAP-telescoop observeerde de onderzoeksgroep 83 procent van de hemel. Dit resulteerde in een nieuwe hemelkaart die bestaat uit ‘slechts’ 903 verschillende afbeeldingen; aanzienlijk minder dan de vaak tienduizenden afbeeldingen die veel andere grote wereldtelescopen nodig hebben om een soortgelijke kaart te vervaardigen. De nieuwe hemelkaart onthult bovendien miljoenen sterren die allemaal verre sterrenstelsels vertegenwoordigen.
Recordtempo De radiotelescoop liet er overigens geen gras over groeien. Want door vijftien luttele minuten naar de nachtelijke hemel te turen, kan ASKAP een afbeelding vervaardigen waarin 3000 sterrenstelsels pronken. En in slechts 300 uur bracht de radiotelescoop zo’n drie miljoen sterrenstelsels in kaart; een recordtempo. “Van deze drie miljoen sterrenstelsels, zien we nu een miljoen sterrenstelsels voor het eerst,” vertelt onderzoeksleider David McConnell in een interview met Scientias.nl. “Deze nieuw gevonden sterrenstelsels zijn allemaal vrij zwak, vandaar dat ze ook nog niet in eerdere studies aan het licht zijn gebracht.” Met de nieuwe gegevens kunnen astronomen statistische analyses van grote populaties sterrenstelsels uitvoeren, vergelijkbaar met onderzoekers die informatie uit een nationale volkstelling halen. Daarnaast zijn astronomen met name geïnteresseerd in de meest afgelegen stelsels. “Deze kunnen waardevolle informatie opleveren over de jonge jaren van het heelal, toen de eerste sterrenstelsels geboren werden,” aldus McConnell.
Google Maps Dankzij de nieuwe kaart ontwikkelen astronomen eigenlijk een soort Google Maps van de ruimte, waarmee ze door het omvangrijke universum kunnen navigeren. “Net als landkaarten hebben astronomische hemelonderzoeken veel verschillende toepassingen,” legt McConnell uit. “Ze bieden nieuwe inzichten die gebruikt kunnen worden in statistische studies over bijvoorbeeld de populatie en distributie van bepaalde klasse hemellichamen. Maar het kan ook nieuwe informatie verschaffen over een bepaald object dat al bestudeerd wordt. Over het algemeen vullen studies zoals deze, eerdere onderzoeken die gebruik maakten van optisch licht of röntgenstraling aan. Veel astrofysisch onderzoek is gericht op de vorming, ontwikkeling en evolutie van sterrenstelsels. En veel sterrenstelsels – ook die op grote afstanden – hebben actieve centra die goed met radiotelescopen gedetecteerd kunnen worden. Daarom kunnen onderzoeken met radiotelescopen sterrenstelsels aan het licht brengen die anders gemakkelijk over het hoofd zouden worden gezien. Deze kunnen we vervolgens weer in meer detail bestuderen, om te begrijpen hoe sterrenstelsels zich in de loop van de tijd hebben ontwikkeld.”
Foto van een ASKAP-radiotelescoop.
Afbeelding: CSIRO/Cherney
In totaal genereerde de ASKAP-telescoop een slordige 13,5 exabyte (ofwel 13.500.000.000.000.000.000 bytes in het SI-prefix) aan onbewerkte gegevens. Dit onnoemelijk hoge aantal werd vervolgens met behulp van hardware en software die speciaal op maat zijn gemaakt, verwerkt. De ‘Galaxy’ supercomputer van het Pawsey Supercomputing Centre zette de gegevens om in 2D-radiobeelden met in totaal 70 miljard pixels. De uiteindelijke 903 afbeeldingen en ondersteundende informatie, zijn samen goed voor zo’n 26 terabyte (26.000.000.000.000 bytes) aan gegevens.
Vragen De onderzoekers hopen dat ze dankzij de nieuwe hemelkaart eeuwenoude vragen over het heelal kunnen oplossen. “Deze telling van het heelal zal door astronomen over de hele wereld gebruikt worden om het onbekende te verkennen,” stelt McConnell. “We kunnen alles bestuderen; van stervorming tot hoe sterrenstelsels en hun superzware zwarte gaten evolueren en een wisselwerking met elkaar aangaan.” Het betekent dat mogelijk al binnenkort grote mysteries over het universum ontraadseld kunnen worden.
Bovendien bewijzen de recordbrekende resultaten dat een volledige hemelkaart in slechts weken in plaats van jaren gemaakt kan worden. “Voor het eerst heeft ASKAP met een recordsnelheid een kaart van het heelal vervaardigd in meer detail dan ooit tevoren,” gaat McConnell verder. En dat is veelbelovend. Het onderzoek laat daarom zien dat we klaar zijn om een grote sprong voorwaarts te maken op het gebied van radioastronomie. “We verwachten in toekomstige onderzoeken nog tientallen miljoenen nieuwe sterrenstelsels boven tafel te krijgen,” besluit McConnell.
AARDE BLIJKT DICHTER BIJ ZWART GAT IN DE BUURT TE ZIJN DAN GEDACHT
AARDE BLIJKT DICHTER BIJ ZWART GAT IN DE BUURT TE ZIJN DAN GEDACHT
Caroline Kraaijvanger
Wetenschappers stellen de afstand tot het zwarte gat in het hart van ons melkwegstelsel bij, van 27.700 lichtjaar naar 25.800 lichtjaar.
De nieuwe afstandsmeting is gelukkig niet te verklaren doordat onze planeet op het zwarte gat afstormt, maar het resultaat van nieuwe observaties. En die wijzen dus uit dat de afstand tot het hart van onze Melkweg – waarin het zwarte gat Sagittarius A* te vinden is – bijna 2000 lichtjaar kleiner is dan gedacht.
Sneller Daarnaast blijkt uit de observaties dat de aarde ook net ietsje sneller om het hart van de Melkweg heen cirkelt en wel met een snelheid van 227 kilometer per seconde. Eerder werd deze snelheid nog geschat op 220 kilometer per seconde.
VERA De nieuwste schattingen vloeien voort uit een vernieuwd model van onze Melkweg. Dat model is weer gebaseerd op de nieuwste observaties, onder meer van het Japanse onderzoeksproject VERA. Binnen dit project worden meerdere radiotelescopen in Japan ingezet om de positie en beweging van verschillende objecten in onze Melkweg vast te stellen. En op basis van die data kunnen onderzoekers zich weer een beeld vormen van de structuur van ons sterrenstelsel en de plek die wij daarin innemen. Iets wat nog niet zo eenvoudig is als je zelf in zo’n sterrenstelsel opgesloten zit.
Kaart Maar met behulp van nieuwe data en het nieuwe model zijn onderzoekers er dus toch in geslaagd om weer ietsje nauwkeuriger vast te stellen hoe onze Melkweg eruit ziet en waar wij precies in die Melkweg te vinden zijn. Ze maakten een kaart met daarop de positie en snelheid van verschillende objecten in onze Melkweg. Vervolgens hebben ze op basis van die kaart weer berekend waar het hart van onze Melkweg – oftewel het punt waar alles omheen draait – zich bevindt. En de kaart suggereert dat dat centrum – met daarin dus het superzware zwarte gat Sagittarius A* zich dichterbij bevindt dan gedacht. Waar de International Astronomical Union (IAU) de afstand eerder inschatte op 27.700 lichtjaar, hebben onderzoekers deze nu bijgesteld naar 25.800 jaar. En daarnaast blijkt het zonnestelsel en dus ook de aarde bovendien net iets sneller om het hart van de Melkweg heen te bewegen.
In de toekomst hopen astronomen van nog veel meer objecten in onze Melkweg de positie en snelheid te achterhalen. Ze richten zich daarbij met name ook op objecten die aanzienlijk dichter bij het zwarte gat in de buurt staan en onder meer meer kunnen onthullen over de beweging van onze Melkweg.
Gaia De Japanners zijn overigens niet de enigen die helder proberen te krijgen hoe ons eigen sterrenstelsel eruitziet. Zo heeft ESA in 2013 ruimtetelescoop Gaia gelanceerd. Deze telescoop is ontworpen om zeer nauwkeurig de positie, afstand en snelheid van meer dan 1 miljard sterren vast te stellen. De afgelopen jaren heeft de ruimtetelescoop al een schat aan informatie verzameld en onderzoekers in staat gesteld om een aantal interessante conclusies te trekken. Zo weten we inmiddels dat de Melkweg in het verleden met meerdere sterrenstelsels in botsing is gekomen en zich daarbij tienduizenden sterren uit andere sterrenstelsels heeft toegeëigend. Ook heeft Gaia onthuld dat onze Melkweg niet twee, maar vier armen telt en constant sterren uit andere nabije sterrenstelsels ‘steelt’. En Gaia heeft ons ongetwijfeld nog veel meer te vertellen; op 3 december wordt weer een enorme hoeveelheid data vrijgegeven waar astronomen zich in vast kunnen bijten.
The Hubble Space Telescope has captured never-before-seen images of the rapid fading of the Stingray Nebula. This nebula is a cloud in space, surrounding a dying star.
Here is the Stingray Nebula as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1996 (left) and in 2016 (right). The Stingray is located in the direction of the southern constellation Ara. What’s causing it to fade so fast?
Image via NASA/ ESA/ B. Balick/ M. Guerrero/ G. Ramos-Larios.
Twenty years is a blip on a cosmic time scale. In outer space, most things take a very long time to happen. That’s why astronomers sounded surprised yesterday (December 3, 2020) when they announced that two images – acquired 20 years apart – show a distinct fading for a distant cloud in space, known as the Stingray Nebula, located some 18,000 light-years away. Images from 2016 show a nebula that has drastically faded, in contrast to images from 1996. Plus, shells of gas that surrounded this nebula’s central star have changed; they no longer appear as crisp as they once did.
The astronomers’ statement – posted at HubbleSite on December 3, 2020 – said:
Changes like this have never been captured at this clarity before … Lucky for us, it seems as if the Stingray Nebula [aka Hen 3-1357] was destined to stand out from the crowd since its beginnings. It was dubbed the youngest known planetary nebula in 1998 after Hubble caught a rare peek at the central star’s final stages of life.
Now, 20 years after its first snapshot, the Stingray Nebula is capturing the attention of astronomers again for a very different reason …
Images captured by Hubble in 2016, when compared to Hubble images taken in 1996, show a nebula that has drastically dimmed in brightness and changed shape. Bright blue fluorescent tendrils and filaments of gas toward the center of the nebula have all but disappeared, and the wavy edges that earned this nebula its aquatic-themed name are virtually gone. The young nebula no longer pops against the black velvet background of the vast universe.
The Stingray Nebula is a planetary nebula; in this case, the name has nothing to do with planets. These clouds in space came to be called planetary because they looked round, like little disks, through early telescopes. Today, we know there are dying stars at the centers of planetary nebulae. The nebula is a a shroud for the star, if you will. As it dies, the star puffs off its outer layers. Astronomers always knew these clouds were temporary. They just didn’t know they could fade so quickly in brightness, on such a human timescale. Team member Martín A. Guerrero of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía in Granada, Spain, said in the astronomers’ statement:
This is very, very dramatic, and very weird. What we’re witnessing is a nebula’s evolution in real time. In a span of years, we see variations in the nebula. We have not seen that before with the clarity we get with this view.
Researchers also discovered unprecedented changes in the light emitted by glowing nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen being blasted off by the dying star at the center of the nebula, the astronomers said. They said:
The oxygen emission, in particular, dropped in brightness by a factor of nearly 1,000 between 1996 and 2016.
Astronomer Bruce Balick at the University of Washington has spent his career studying planetary nebulae. He is leader of the new research. He said:
Changes in nebulae have been seen before, but what we have here are changes in the fundamental structure of the nebula. In most studies, the nebula usually gets bigger. Here, it’s fundamentally changing its shape and getting fainter, and doing so on an unprecedented time scale. Moreover, to our surprise, it’s not growing any larger. Indeed, the once-bright inner elliptical ring seems to be shrinking as it fades.
The researchers believe the fading of the nebula doesn’t correlate with the nebula’s dissipating into space (as might be expected to happen, but over a much-longer timescale). Instead, they said the fading might be linked to the nebula’s central star, called SAO 244567. They said:
… the nebula’s rapid changes are a response to its central star, SAO 244567, expanding due to a temperature drop, and in turn emitting less ionizing radiation.
They said they didn’t know how long it would take for the nebula to fade to invisibility in earthly telescopes. At its present rates of fading, they estimate, the nebula will be barely detectable in 20 or 30 years.
Bottom line: Images taken 20 years apart show a dramatic fading for the Stingray Nebula, formerly known as the youngest planetary nebula.
China sends vessel “Fendouzhe”, or “Striver”, into earth’s deepest ocean trench. The vessel descended more than 10,000 meters (about 33,000 feet) into the Pacific Ocean’s Mariana Trench with three researchers on board.
After multiple dives, the vessel was finally able to land on the deepest known point of the trench. This point is known as the Challenger Deep.
Earlier this month, Fendouzhe set a national record of 10,909 meters for manned deep-sea diving. But it missed out on beating the world record for the deepest dive by an American explorer in 2019.
Video footage
China live-streamed footage of its new manned submersible parked at the bottom of Marina Trench. So the world witnessed the first live video from Challenger deep for the first time.
Video footage shot and relayed by deep-sea camera showed the green-and-white Chinese submersible moving through dark waters. The video showed the submersible surrounded by clouds of sediments as it gradually touches down the seabed.
Deep-sea resources
Fendouzhe is observing “the many species and the distribution of living things on the seabed” It has sonar “eyes” for classifying the different objects and robotic arms for collecting biological samples.
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The amount of trash in Earth orbit is growing. Since the launch of the first Satellite in 1957, rocket parts, broken satellites, and micrometeoroids are added as space junk.
These man-made objects from dead satellites to errant nuts and bolts are zipping around Earth. These are putting our working satellites at risk.
Scientists are working on ways to combat this threat. Recently European Space Agency (ESA) has awarded a $103 million contract to Switzerland-based ClearSpace SA to remove this space debris. The ESA is going to provide expertise and money for this operation. However, all the engineering and design work will be performed by ClearSpace SA.
Artistic impression of ClearSpace -1 mission
ClearSpace SA’s first target is a VESPA (Vega Secondary Payload Adapter). In the year 2013, VESPA helped launch an ESA Vega rocket. This object was left in an approximately 801 km by 664 km-altitude gradual disposal orbit. Since then it is orbiting Earth. They are planning to launch their mission, dubbed ClearSpace-1, in 2025.
If ClearSpace-1 is successful, the company can design more efficient versions of the claw for capturing junk.
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Have the tools used to build ancient monuments been staring us in the face all along?
Have the tools used to build ancient monuments been staring us in the face all along?
One main reason why we remain fascinated by ancient structures today is the mystery of how often massive stones were cut and fitted together with inexplicable precision. Using your own eyes, a definite flaw in the mainstream narrative becomes glaringly apparent.
Traditional explanations suggest that ordinary, primitive tools combined with extraordinary feats of human exertion made it all possible. There is no good explanation for why building techniques and designs share so many similarities across the planet as the big picture emerges.
Missing links
Apart from the mystery of construction, there is another missing link: What happened to the tools? Also, why don’t we see recorded information explaining these astounding construction methods?
Were these methods purposefully kept a secret, or have the answers been staring us in the face all along? Is the reason we haven’t found clear evidence of tools because one of the tools is ephemeral sound and vibrations? And, is another reason because we have misunderstood the tools used?
The ‘Sailing Stones of Egypt’
One ancient account from an ancient Arab historian and geographer suggests that the Egyptians used sound to transport huge blocks of stone. Known as the Herodotus of the Arabs, he recorded a centuries-old legend by 947 AD.
“When building the pyramids, their creators carefully positioned what was described as magical papyrus underneath the edges of the mighty stones that were to be used in the construction process. Then, one by one, the stones were struck by what was curiously, and rather enigmatically, described only as a rod of metal. Lo and behold, the stones then slowly began to rise into the air, and – like dutiful soldiers unquestioningly following orders – proceeded in slow, methodical, single-file fashion a number of feet above a paved pathway surrounded on both sides by similar, mysterious metal rods.”
We’ve all seen Egyptian deities like Anubis, standing with a strange rod in his hand like the picture above. However, not many people know what that object is. It’s called a Was-sceptre, a staff with a forked base and topped with a pronged head shaped like a stylized canine or another animal. The rod is thin and perfectly straight and associated with other mysterious objects like the Ankh and the Djed. Were they merely symbolic, or could they have been tools of some kind?
“The three most important symbols, often appearing in all manner of Egyptian artwork from amulets to architecture, were the ankh, the djed, and the was scepter. These were frequently combined in inscriptions and often appear on sarcophagi together in a group or separately. In the case of each of these, the form represents the eternal value of the concept: the ankh represented life; the djed stability; the was power.”
In some depictions, Was-sceptres are seen upholding the roof of a shrine as Horus looks on. Similarly, the Djed is seen on temple lintels appearing to hold up the sky in the complex at Djoser in Saqqara.
A video from Ancient Architects explores this idea, showing examples of tuning forks used by the Egyptians. Narrator Matthew Sibson from the UK raises some fascinating ideas about how the Egyptians may have used objects like the Was-sceptre and tuning forks to cut through the hardest stones using the power of sound and vibrations. (see video below)
A depiction of tuning forks is seen on a statue of Isis and Anubis, each holding a rod. Between the deities, a carving shows two tuning forks that seem to be connected by wires. Beneath the forks, a rounded object with four prongs is centered, and it almost appears like an arrow points upward.
Screenshot via YouTube
In the video, Sibson brings up an interesting but unverified email on the website KeelyNet.com from 1997. The email suggests that Egyptologists have found ancient tuning forks and may have labeled them “anomalous” when they couldn’t imagine what their purpose was.
“Some years ago an American friend picked the lock of a door leading to an Egyptian museum store-room measuring approx 8 feet x ten feet. Inside she found ‘hundreds’ of what she described as ‘tuning forks.’
These ranged in size from approx 8 inches to approx 8 or 9 feet overall length and resembled catapults, but with a taut wire stretched between the tines of the ‘fork.’ She insists, incidentally, that these were definitely not non-ferrous, but ‘steel.’
These objects resembled a letter ‘U’ with a handle (a bit like a pitchfork) and, when the wire was plucked, they vibrated for a prolonged period.
It occurs to me to wonder if these devices might have had hardened tool bits attached to the bottom of their handles and if they might have been used for cutting or engraving stone, once they had been set vibrating.”
Although the email is only anecdotal evidence at best, it does seem to confirm the hieroglyph of tuning forks on the statue of Isis and Anubis, with wire stretched between the tines.
Next, we see a much older Sumerian Cylinder seal showing a figure holding what appears to be a tuning fork. As you see more, it seems that ancient people knew much more about the effects of sound and vibration than we currently understand.
Today, we are learning new ways to look at ancient structures. Archaeoaccoustics is revealing how sound played a vital role in the construction of sites all over the world. Meanwhile, the study of cymatics reveals how vibrations alter the geometry of matter in intricate and unexplainable ways. In addition, the mysteries of Quantum mechanics are unfurling as we find new particles and use artificial intelligence algorithms to discover how matter itself works.
Could we finally be reaching the stage where we will begin to understand exactly how the ancient people of the world created massive monuments worldwide?
Featured image: Was, Djed, Ankh from Old Egypt, public domain with screenshots via YouTube
Nabta Playa: The world's first astronomical site was built in Africa and is older than Stonehenge
Nabta Playa: The world's first astronomical site was built in Africa and is older than Stonehenge
This 7,000-year-old stone circle tracked the summer solstice and the arrival of the annual monsoon season. It's also the oldest known astronomical site on Earth.
The stone circle of Nabta Playa marks the summer solstice, a time that coincided with the arrival of monsoon rains in the Sahara Desert thousands of years ago.
Wikimedia Commons
For thousands of years, ancient societies all around the world erected massive stone circles, aligning them with the Sun and stars to mark the seasons. These early calendars foretold the coming of spring, summer, fall, and winter, helping civilizations track when to plant and harvest crops. They also served as ceremonial sites, both for celebration and sacrifice.
These megaliths — large, prehistoric monuments made of stone — may seem mysterious in our modern era, when many people lack a connection with, or even view of, the stars. Some even hold them up as supernatural, or divined by aliens. But many ancient societies kept time by tracking which constellations rose at sunset, like reading a giant, celestial clock. And others pinpointed the Sun’s location in the sky on the summer and winter solstice, the longest and shortest days of the year, or the spring and fall equinox.
Europe alone holds some 35,000 megaliths, including many astronomically-aligned stone circles, as well as tombs (or cromlechs) and other standing stones. These structures were mostly built between 6,500 and 4,500 years ago, largely along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts.
The most famous of these sites is Stonehenge, a monument in England that’s thought to be around 5,000 years old. Though still old, at that age, Stonehenge may have been one of the youngest such stone structures to be built in Europe.
The chronology and extreme similarities between these widespread European sites leads some researchers to think the regional tradition of constructing megaliths first emerged along the coast of France. It was then passed across the region, eventually reaching Great Britain.
But even these primitive sites are at least centuries younger than the world’s oldest known stone circle: Nabta Playa.
Located in Africa, Nabta Playa stands some 700 miles south of the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt. It was built more than 7,000 years ago, making Nabta Playa the oldest stone circle in the world — and possibly Earth’s oldest astronomical observatory. It was constructed by a cattle worshiping cult of nomadic people to mark the summer solstice and the arrival of the monsoons.
“Here is human beings’ first attempt to make some serious connection with the heavens," J. McKim Malville, a professor emeritus at the University of Colorado and archaeoastronomy expert, tells Astronomy.
"This was the dawn of observational astronomy," he adds. "What in the world did they think about it? Did they imagine these stars were gods? And what kinds of connections did they have with the stars and the stones?”
The statue of Ramses the Great at the Great Temple of Abu Simbel is moved during the construction of the Aswan Dam.
Wikimedia Commons
The Discovery of Nabta Playa
In the 1960s, Egypt was planning a major dam project along the Nile River that was going to flood important ancient archaeological sites. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), stepped in with funding to help relocate famous structures, as well as scour the area for new sites before they were lost forever.
But a prominent American archaeologist named Fred Wendorf saw another opportunity. He wanted to search for the ancient origins of Pharaonic Egypt, away from the Nile River.
“While everyone was looking at temples, [Wendorf] decided he would look at the desert,” says Malville. “He opened up the era of predynastic Egypt and the ancient kingdom.”
By luck, in 1973, a Bedouin — or nomadic Arab — guide named Eide Mariff came across a group of what looked like large, stone megaliths while crossing the Sahara. Mariff took Wendorf, who he had worked with since the 1960s, out to the site, which sits some 60 miles away from the Nile. However, Romuald Schild, Wendorf's longtime friend and collaborator, remembers the discovery story differently. He says the entire team was driving across this stretch of desert in 1973 when they stopped for a bathroom break. It was then that they spotted evidence of the megalithic remains.
At first Wendorf thought they were natural formations. But he soon realized that the site was once a large lakebed that would have destroyed any such rocks. He would return many times over the course of decades. Then, during excavations in the early 1990s, Wendorf and a team of excavators, including Polish archaeologist Romuald Schild, uncovered a circle of stones that seemed to be aligned with the stars in some mysterious way.
The approximate location of Nabta Playa.
Wikimedia Commons
The first astronomers
After seven years without being able to crack their mystery, Wendorf called in Malville, an expert on archaeoastronomy of the American Southwest.
Malville says he too was puzzled when he first looked at maps of the ancient site. He knew he had to travel there in person to get a sense of the place, as well as its creators and celestial significance.
They drove across the flat, sandy landscape until they reached a large sand dune beside a dry lake bed, where views stretched out to the horizon. There, they pitched their tents and set up camp. And while Malville sat in the sand beside the stones, he says he experienced “an epiphany.”
“I discovered that these stones were part of an alignment that radiated out from a major tumulus [burial mound],” Malville says. “A pile of these megaliths formed the covering of a tomb, and it turned out that every one of the megaliths that we found buried in sediment formed a line, like spokes in a wheel radiating out.”
The team had already performed radiocarbon dating on the site by taking samples from fire hearths and tamarisk roofing material found inside the stone circle.
“It was like a zen experience to see how this fit together,” he says. “Knowing the dates, I could calculate when these stones would have been in alignment with the brightest stars of the northern sky.”
Eide Mariff, a Bedouin guide and excavator who worked with archaeologists for decades in southern Egypt, works with a crew from his tribe to remove megalithic stones at Nabta Playa.
J. McKim Malville
He discovered that the stone circle once aligned to Arcturus, Sirius and Alpha Centauri. There were also stones that seemed to correspond to the constellation Orion. By tracing back Arcturus’ movements across the night sky, they proposed that the star would have matched up with Nabta Playa’s stone circle around 4800 B.C.
“That makes it the oldest astronomical site we've ever discovered,” Malville says. Their analysis was published in the journal Nature in 1998, drawing global headlines about a “Stonehenge in the Sahara.”
In the decades since then, archaeologists have continued to unravel the mystery of the ancient people of Nabta Playa, who used their summer home to observe the stars.
Reconstruction of the calendar circle at Nabta Playa.
Malville et al., 2007
Cattle cult
More than 10,000 years ago, Northern Africa shifted away from a cold, dry Ice Age climate that had persisted for tens of thousands of years. With the shift, African monsoons migrated north relatively quickly, filling up seasonal lakes, or playa, that provided short-lived oases for life.
For the nomadic people who lived in the area, these summer rains were likely sacred. During this era before agriculture had spread across the globe, these nomads survived primarily off of wild resources. But somewhere around the same time in the same region, people began domesticating goats, as well as an ancient kind of cattle called aurochs.
Cattle were a central part of Nabta Playa’s culture. When Wendorf’s team excavated the site's central tomb, they hoped to find human remains. Instead, they dug up cattle bones and an enormous rock seemingly carved into the shape of a cow.
An archaeological excavation found this cow-shaped megalithic rock sculpture buried at Nabta Playa in the Sahara Desert near the border of Egypt and Sudan. Scientists think the people who lived here worshiped a cow diety, a trend that appears later in Pharaonic Egypt.
J. McKim Malville
The people of Nabta Playa would travel across the often-featureless Sahara from seasonal lake to seasonal lake, bringing their livestock along to graze and drink.
“Their experience was rather similar to Polynesian navigators who had to sail from one place to another,” Malville says he suspects. “They used the stars to travel across the desert to locate small watering holes like Nabta Playa, which had water about four months of the year, probably, starting with the summer monsoon.”
There was no north star at the time, so the people navigated using bright stars and the circular motion of the heavens.
Wendorf himself had a powerful experience that cemented his belief in this idea. One day, while working at Nabta Playa, the team had lost track of time and had to drive back across the sand at night. Mariff, the Bedouin man who initially discovered Nabta Playa, took the wheel, navigating across the Sahara by sticking his head out the window to use the stars as his guide.
This kind of celestial navigation would have made Nabta Playa's stone circle a powerful symbol to the ancient nomadic people. The stones feet would have been covered by seasonal water, and would have been visible from the western lakeshore.
“You would watch the reflection of the stars off the dark waters of the lake, and you could see the stones partly submerged in the water, lining up with the reflection of the stars on the horizon,” he says.
A man holds up sorghum grains.
Abby Wendle/Wikimedia Commons
Ancient breadbasket
Practically speaking, the megaliths would have also helped the people of Nabta Playa time the rainy season, which only became more important as the society developed over thousands of years. The summer solstice would have coincided with the arrival of the annual monsoons. So tracking the Sun’s location could have tipped them off to the coming wet season.
The first strong evidence for people at Nabta Playa appears around the year 9000 BC. At the time, the Sahara was a wetter, more pleasant place to live. Eventually, there was enough water that people could even dig wells and build homes around them. One site excavated at Nabta Playa revealed rows of huts with hearths, storage pits, and wells that were spread out over several thousand square feet. The team of archaeologists called it a “well-organized village.”
But between 5000 B.C. and 3000 B.C., thousands of years after the stone circle was built at Nabta Playa, the region dried out again. Some researchers think this environmental stress could have forced the people of Nabta Playa to develop a complex society, which most scholars thought depended on the development of agriculture.
The ancient society studied the constellations and understood the movements of the night sky. They made sacrifices and worshiped gods. They made jewelry out of cow bones. They ground up pigments for body painting. Researchers even discovered fish carvings at the site that suggest the nomads traded as far away as the Red Sea. Finally, the stone slabs at the site — some of which stand nine feet tall — had to be dragged from more than a mile away.
However, this complex culture seems to have fallen somewhere in between nomadic and agrarian. In addition to the oldest astronomical site, Nabta Playa is also home to the oldest known remains of sorghum, a crop first domesticated in Africa that’s now one of the world’s most important foods, especially in the tropics.
Hundreds of sorghum seeds were found at Nabta Playa, and they appear to be more closely related to domestic sorghum than wild varieties. Millet, another crop critical to the global agricultural history, was also domesticated in the region. And excavations at Nabta Playa also turned up storage pits for grass seeds, tubers, legumes and fruits.
The nomadic people likely ate wild foods, but also planted some semi-domesticated crops along lakeshores at the beginning of each wet season. They then moved on after the harvest, Malville says.
The African sorghum and millet seeds domesticated in this area would eventually spread along a trade route stretching through the Red Sea and into India — where they arrived some 4,000 years ago and went on to play an important role in the development of numerous civilizations.
"Black genesis"
By that time, the people who first grew the seeds were gone. Some 1,500 years earlier, the region had dried out, becoming what is now Earth’s hottest desert, the Sahara. Here, many areas don't see rain for years.
That changing local climate forced the people of Nabta Playa to disperse. Some archaeologists think these people likely traveled south into Nubia, or modern day Sudan, as well as north into Egypt. And their migration would have taken place in the years just before the first pharaohs rose to power.
This timing had led some scholars to suggest the event sparked a “black genesis” for the cultural development in Egypt. However, the idea is controversial. Human remains at Nabta Playa seemed to be from people of both Central African and Mediterranean descent. However, some consider an ancient Egyptian cow goddess named Hathor, a goddess of fertility, to be the smoking gun for this origin story.
If these cattle-raising nomads did help establish the Nile Valley's first civilization, Wendorf once told Discover, "it could explain the religious significance that Egyptians attached to the cow and cattle in the Old Kingdom."
This idea has legitimate proponents, including Malville, who says that many Egypt scholars he’s talked to also like the idea of the Egyptian culture emerging out of Africa, rather than from the so-called “Fertile Crescent,” as others suggest. However, some conspiracy theorists have also run with the idea, adding a strange new layer. One theory — which has been debunked — suggested that the arms of Nabta Playa’s stone circle describe the distances to the stars they aligned with, and that the rock slab beneath the megalith is a map of our Milky Way galaxy.
For Malville, and Wendorf as well, who died in 2015, there’s no need to invent such stories for Nabta Playa to be fascinating. In many years spent exploring the Sahara, Wendorf and other archaeologists found a number of other stone circles, but they never again found anything remotely like Nabta Playa.
And now that there’s detailed photography of Earth’s entire surface, Malville says its only growing less likely that older or more complex astronomical sites are still hiding.
Stonehenge's enormous size and prominent modern location help make it the most famous of humanity's many stone circles.
Wikimedia Commons
New looks at the Neolithic
So why have so few people heard of Nabta Playa?
Gail Higginbottom, an archaeologist at University of Adelaide and expert on stone circles, saysthat Stonehenge still reigns supreme in the minds of Western Civilization. After all, its stones are so big that they were never buried, and it’s long been easily accessible. That means Europeans have known of nearby Stonehenge for much of its 5,000 year history. But one leading megalith researcher contacted for this story said they weren’t even familiar with Nabta Playa.
Malville agrees with Higginbottom. He says Nabta Playa might not get as much attention as Stonehenge because it is significantly smaller, and up until a few decades ago, it was buried in sand in a remote region of Africa.
Trends in research also come and go. Egyptian archaeology was en vogue throughout the 19th and the 20th centuries.
“People used to be obsessed with pyramids and the historic cultures in North Africa,” Higginbottom tells Astronomy. But that fascination has waned over time. “However," she adds, "I think this has had a big turn around in the last couple of decades with the Neolithic and earlier periods becoming more researched.”
Unfortunately, most of the popular coverage of Egyptian archaeology now fixates on pseudoscience and ancient aliens. And according to Malville, the extra attention Nabta Playa has gotten over the years hasn’t been good for the site, either.
After their study was published in 1998, tourists located the stone circle by plucking the latitude and longitude from the research paper. Soon, visitors were defacing the megaliths and standing up nearby stones that changed the site’s alignment.
“They ended up messing up the area, which had been pristine for 5,000 years,” Malville says.
In response, the government eventually moved all the stones — including the cow sculpture — to a museum in the region, where they’re remain on display for tourists to safely view.
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Astronomers were hit today (Dec. 3) with a huge wave of data from the European Space Agency'sGaia space observatory.
Those researchers can now explore the best-yet map of the Milky Way, with detailed information on the positions, distances and motion of 1.8 billion cosmic objects, to help us better understand our place in the universe.
"Gaia data is like a tsunami rolling through astrophysics," said Martin Barstow, head of the physics and astronomy department at the University of Leicester, who is part of Gaia's data processing team. He was speaking at a virtual news conference held today, at which another Gaia researcher, Giorgia Busso of the Leiden Observatory in the Netherlands, also told reporters that this data has produced "a revolution" in many fields of astrophysics, from the study of galactic dynamics like stellar evolution to the study of nearby objects like asteroids in the solar system.
Gaia launched in December 2013 to map the galaxy in unprecedented detail. The $1 billion spacecraft orbits the Lagrange-2, or L2, point, a spot about 1 million miles (1.5 million kilometers) away from Earth, where the gravitational forces between our planet and the sun are balanced and the view of the sky is unobstructed. Gaia can measure about 100,000 stars each minute, or 850 million objects each day, and can scan the whole sky about once every two months.
The latest trove of data improves upon the precision and scope of the two previous Gaia data sets, which were released in 2016 and 2018. For example, compared to the 2018 data, which included measurements for 1.7 billion objects, the 2020 data improves by a factor of two the accuracy of the data points for proper motion, or the apparent change in the position of a star as viewed from our solar system.
"It really gives us an insight into how the Milky Way lives," Nicholas Walton, an astronomer at the University of Cambridge who is part of Gaia's science team, said at the same science and news conference. "We're talking about billions of stars, which really gives us the ability to probe at a meaningful level the whole population of the Milky Way, similar to what you'd want to do with studying people."
Walton said the cosmic census would be like having trackers on every person in the U.K. to map their location and monitor their health. "If everyone's got a tracker, we could tell you if they're sweating or not. It's a bit like that with the stars here: We can tell you which ones are sweating, which ones are active, which ones are dormant, which ones are going to die, which ones are going to explode."
Data from Gaia has already been used across a wide range of applications over the past four years. The mission has helped researchers find the corpse of a galaxy that the Milky Way cannibalized 10 billion years ago, spot 20 hypervelocity stars unexpectedly zooming toward the galactic center, and identify about 1,000 nearby stars where hypothetical extraterrestrials would be able to see signs of life on Earth.
Closer to home, the spacecraft has allowed scientists to find previously unknown asteroids, and its precise data even allowed NASA to make a crucial, last-minute adjustment to the path of its New Horizons probe in 2018 to successfully swing past the icy rock Arrokoth, the most distant and primitive object in the solar system ever visited by a spacecraft.
So far, some 1,600 studies have been published based on Gaia data, Barstow said. More will surely result from today's newly released material, now available on ESA's website, and by the time the briefing for scientists and reporters ended, Walton said he expected a lot of scientists were already poring over it: "I think a lot of astronomers would have left this broadcast to go work on the data."
This image shows the paths of 40,000 stars located within 326 light-years of our solar system over the next 400,000 years based on measurements and projections from the European Space Agency's Gaia spacecraft. (Image credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC; CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Acknowledgement: A. Brown, S. Jordan, T. Roegiers, X. Luri, E. Masana, T. Prusti and A. Moitinho.)
Some of the new Gaia data has already been used to make discoveries. One group of researchers led by scientists at the Dresden University of Technology measured how our solar system is accelerating inside the Milky Way, using as reference points Gaia's 1.6 million newly observed quasars, which are so far away they appear fixed in space, like galactic lighthouses.
The solar system was measured to be very slightly accelerating, as predicted by theorists, toward the galactic center. Busso said this barely perceptible acceleration only became observable in this newly released Gaia data because "the precision of the measurements increased hugely."
These super precise tests of the way masses are distributed and accelerated are essential for "probing the limits of fundamental physics," Gerry Gilmore, an astronomer at the University of Cambridge and a Gaia scientist, said during the event. Such measurements might help scientists understand the nature of the dark matter that we know is lurking throughout the universe.
"Even our own sun is moving so fast that our whole Milky Way would fly apart if it wasn't held together by the dark matter, and we've got no idea what the dark matter is," Gilmore said. "The hope is that by continuing experiments along the line that we're doing — and making them more precise, and doing them on different scales — we'll be able to see if there are different types of dark matter."
The third Gaia data set was set to be released in 2022, but the mission scientists decided to release preliminary data now so astronomers could use it sooner, with at least two more data sets to be released in the coming years. The spacecraft will operate until at least 2022, but its mission may be extended until 2025.
Follow uson Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.
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Astronomers in Australia have just mapped 83% of the observable universe, in just 300 hours.
This new sky survey, which Australia's national science agency (CSIRO) described in a statement as a "Google map of the universe", marks the completion of a big test for the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) radio telescope –- a network of 36 antennas rooted in the remote Western Australia Outback. While astronomers have been using ASKAP to scour the sky for radio signatures (including mysteriousfast radio bursts) since 2012, the telescope's full array of antennas has never been used in a single sky survey –- until now.
By harnessing the telescope's full potential, researchers mapped roughly 3 million galaxies in the southern sky, according to a paper published Nov. 30 in the journalPublications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. As many as 1 million of these distant galaxies may be previously unknown to astronomy, the researchers wrote, and that's likely just the beginning. With the success of this first survey, CSIRO scientists are already planning even more in-depth observations in the coming years.
"For the first time, ASKAP has flexed its full muscles, building a map of the universe in greater detail than ever before, and at record speed," lead study author David McConnell, a CSIRO astronomer,said in a statement. "We expect to find tens of millions of new galaxies in future surveys."
Many all-sky surveys can take months, even years, to complete. CSIRO's new effort, which they've labeled the Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey, only took a few weeks of stargazing. While each of the telescope's 36 receivers took vast, panoramic pictures of the sky, a dedicated network of supercomputers worked double-time to combine them. The resulting map, which covers 83% of the sky, is a combination of 903 individual images, each containing 70 billion pixels. (For comparison, the highest-definition cameras for sale snap a few hundred million pixels per image).
Each of these images will be made publicly available through CSIRO's Data Access Portal, as scientists analyze the results and plan for their next sky-charting adventures.
ARECIBO COLLAPSE: SCIENTISTS HOLD BACK THE TEARS AS AN ICON CRUMBLES
ARECIBO COLLAPSE: SCIENTISTS HOLD BACK THE TEARS AS AN ICON CRUMBLES
"It's heartbreaking."
JORGE SANTIAGO-ORTIZ HAD BEEN HOLDING BACK TEARS all Tuesday morning after hearing of the collapse of the instrument platform of the Arecibo Observatory.
"It's heartbreaking," Santiago-Ortiz tells Inverse. "It's really sad because it means so much."
On Tuesday, the instrument platform of the 305-meter telescope at Arecibo Observatory fell after a cable snapped, at approximately 7:55 a.m. Atlantic Standard Time. The event caused damage to the dish and the surrounding facilities. It was the latest blow to the historic observatory, that has served as an essential lookout onto the skies for 57 years.
Santiago-Ortiz, a scientist in the field of gene therapy, grew up an hour's drive away from the observatory in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, and recalls going on a school field trip to visit the observatory when he was in middle school. The trip introduced him to local scientists and inspired him to go into the field of science himself.
"Growing up, I wasn't familiar with how science worked," Santiago-Ortiz says. "But to know that groundbreaking science was taking place less than an hour away from me made me believe I could become a scientist one day."
FOR MORE THAN 50 YEARS, the Arecibo Observatory has looked out into the cosmos in search of potentially hazardous asteroids, and potentially habitable planets. It's tracked strange radio phenomena and potentially hazardous space weather.
This aerial view shows the damage at the Arecibo Observatory after one of the main cables holding the receiver broke in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, on December 1, 2020. RICARDO ARDUENGO/AFP/Getty Images
Constructed in 1963, the Arecibo Observatory was the world's largest telescope of its kind. Its reign only ended years later in 2016 when China built the FAST radio telescope:
Nestled in a rural, basin region in China’s Guizhou Province, the record-breaking telescope — the world’s largest single-dish radio telescope — has made China a leader in the hunt for alien life. The “Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope”, or FAST, is a 1,640 feet scientific marvel that nearly doubles the capabilities of Arecibo.Xinhua News Agency/Xinhua News Agency/Getty Images
The radio telescope was also quite popular as it was featured in Carl Sagan's novel Contact, the 1995 Bond movie Goldeneye, and an image of pulse waves captured by Arecibo made the album cover for Joy Division's Unknown Pleasures.
The cover of 'Unknown Pleasures' the Joy Division album which uses the public domain image of pulse waves recorded by Arecibo.
Arecibo has a 1,000-foot long dish that spans over 20 acres in the municipality of Arecibo in Puerto Rico and its sheer size makes for more accurate, sensitive observations of the universe.
But the observatory will soon shut its cosmic wide eyes.
On November 19, the National Science Foundation (NSF) announced that they will begin plans to shut down the Arecibo Observatory after assessing damage caused to the telescope by an unfortunate incident.
The damage sustained by the radio telescope as a result of the cable snapping, and falling onto the domeUCF
An auxiliary cable that was designed to last another 15 to 20 years suddenly broke on August 10, and crashed into the radio telescope's reflector panels, tearing a 100-foot gash in the main dish. And the NSF later decided that they cannot repair the observatory without risk to construction workers and staff at the facility.
Unfortunately, the observatory would suffer another incident later on with the collapse of its platform, delivering one final blow to the telescope.
“We are saddened by this situation but thankful that no one was hurt,” NSF Director Sethuraman Panchanathan said in a statement. “Our focus is now on assessing the damage, finding ways to restore operations at other parts of the observatory, and working to continue supporting the scientific community, and the people of Puerto Rico.”
For Santiago-Ortiz, who had launched a petition to save the Arecibo Observatory, the loss for the community would be profound.
"I’m Puerto Rican and I care a lot about diversity and inclusion efforts," he says. "The observatory has played an important role in increasing representation for minorities in science and engineering."
On the scientific side, researchers will be left without a vital tool to observe the skies.
Anne Virkki, a research scientist at the Arecibo Observatory and serves as the leader of the Planetary Radar Science Group, has been using the telescope to observe 100 to 200 near-Earth objects a year and determine their chances of hitting Earth.
Vikki spoke with Inverse in August and said that all observations were down since there is no other facility that can be used for the same type of work.
"We [Arecibo] are the most powerful and sensitive planetary radar in the world," Virkki says. "We have some special capabilities, the images we can get are completely unparalleled, unless there’s a spacecraft sent to a specific target, we can get these very fine images of tens of objects every year."
As scientists mourn the loss of the Arecibo Observatory, there may still be an opportunity to rescue another observatory on the other side of the world.
THE KWASAN OBSERVATORY, established in 1929 as the second-oldest university observatory in Japan, is in need of funding in order to continue its operations as a key observer of the Sun.
Kyoto University has been planning to shut down the observatory's operations as it scales down on its budget in order to make room for new facilities to be built by scrapping older ones. However, the people behind the observatory have launched a campaign asking for funds to be donated to the Kwasan Observatory.
Meanwhile, those who remain attached to the Arecibo Observatory are still hopeful about its revival.
Santiago-Ortiz will begin advocating for the rebuilding of the observatory, with even more advanced technology, rather than just repairing it as is.
"I'm certainly hopeful," he says. "Just because of how much the observatory has meant for science and education."
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A couple of days ago I wrote an article here at Mysterious Universe on the matter of what looks like a monolith on the surface of Phobos – one of the two moons of Mars, the other being Deimos. Today, I’m focusing on Mars itself. It was in 1998 that the Mars Global Surveyor photographed what looks very much a monolith on Phobos. And, as we have seen, there is a great deal of debate regarding what the photo shows – or, depending on one’s perspective, what it does not show. The controversy surrounding the eye-opening image continues to annoy NASA and to amaze seekers of Martians and those who conclude that Mars was once a world filled with life. It should be noted, though, that Phobos’ monolith is not alone. That’s right: Phobos has a rival in the weird stakes. Say “hello” to nothing less than the monolith of Mars. That’s right: both Phobos and its parent planet appear to have on their surfaces what seem to be obelisk-shaped stones. It’s no surprise that the controversy surrounding the “object” seen on the Red Planet reverberated all around the world when the story reached the eager ears and eyes of the media.
Live Science said of this particularly interesting development in the matter of Martian mysteries: “The object in question was first spotted several years ago after being photographed by the HiRISE camera onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, a NASA space probe; every so often, it garners renewed interest on the Internet. But is it unnatural — a beacon erected by aliens for mysterious reasons, and even more mysteriously paralleled in the imaginations of Stanley Kubrick and Arthur C. Clarke, creators of ‘2001’? Or is this rock the work of nature?” That was the question on the minds of just about every researcher of Martian anomalies.
Although it was in 2012 when the startling news of the amazing find took place, NASA has stated that the image was actually secured “several years” earlier. Regardless of where I, you, and the scientific community stand on the controversy, the fact is that the photo captured by NASA most assuredly does show something that looks like a monolith – hence the reason why it went on to quickly create such a controversy. And that is precisely also why it continues to do so. Not everyone is sure that the monolith is a monolith, after all, though. One of those who takes a down to earth explanation on all of this is Jonathon Hill. In his position at the Mars Space Flight Facility at Arizona State University, Hill suggested that what people were really seeing was “a roughly rectangular boulder.” And a natural boulder, not something that was carved by intelligent beings millions of years ago. Hill explained why, in his opinion, there was very little – in fact, absolutely nothing – to get excited about: “When your resolution is too low to fully resolve an object, it tends to look rectangular because the pixels in the image are squares. Any curve will look like a series of straight lines if you reduce your resolution enough.”
Adding to the words of Jonathan Hill, was the opinion of Yisrael Spinoza, a spokesperson for the HiRISE department of the University of Arizona’s Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. Spinoza said: “It would be unwise to refer to it as a ‘monolith’ or ‘structure’ because that implies something artificial, like it was put there by someone for example. In reality it’s more likely that this boulder has been created by breaking away from the bedrock to create a rectangular-shaped feature.” Alfred McEwen, also of the university, was not buying into the man-made (or, rather, Martian-made) explanation for what was being seen, either: “Layering from rock deposition combined with tectonic fractures creates right-angle planes of weakness such that rectangular blocks tend to weather out and separate from the bedrock.”
As for the work of HiRISE, NASA notes the following: “The High Resolution Imaging Experiment is known as HIRISE. The big and powerful HIRISE camera takes pictures that cover vast areas of Martian terrain while being able to see features as small as a kitchen table…HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) has photographed hundreds of targeted swaths of Mars’surface in unprecedented detail. The camera operates in visible wavelengths, the same as human eyes, but with a telescopic lens that produces images at resolutions never before seen in planetary exploration missions. These high-resolution images enable scientists to distinguish 1-meter-size (about 3-foot-size) objects on Mars and to study the morphology (surface structure) in a much more comprehensive manner than ever before.”
Does it need really stating that not everyone bought into what, for many, was a perfectly acceptable explanation for the presence of the monolith-like piece of rock? Probably not, but let’s see what those on the side of the fence had to say about this distinctly odd situation. The Daily Mail newspaper chose to hark back in time. In doing so, they reminded people of what Buzz Aldrin, the second man to walk on the surface of the Moon, had said about the Phobos monolith: “We should visit the moons of Mars. There’s a monolith there.” The Daily Mail’s article was written in a fashion that clearly led the reader to conclude that whatever had been captured on film on Phobos was not alone. The surface of Mars itself, it now seemed, was echoing the secrets of Phobos. So, where does all of this leave us? The reality of the situation is that it leaves us in what is very much a state of limbo. The staff of HiRISE have provided us with what is a perfectly plausible explanation for why it appears that there is a monolith-like protrusion on Mars. On the other hand, that there is a distinctly similar, obelisk-like object on the surface of one of Mars’ moons, too, is something that we should not forget.
Secrets of Antarctica, Underground Network of Bases, Tunnels & High Technology, Brad Olsen via Leak Project
Secrets of Antarctica, Underground Network of Bases, Tunnels & High Technology, Brad Olsen via Leak Project
Secrets of Antarctica, Underground Network of Bases, Tunnels & High Technology, Brad Olsen
Brad is the author of nine books including two in his Esoteric Series: “Modern Esoteric” and “Future Esoteric.” An award-winning author, book publisher and event producer, his keynote presentations and interviews have enlightened audiences at Contact in the Desert, Awareness Life Expo, the 5D events and dozens of radio (including Coast to Coast) and television shows (including Ancient Aliens, America Unearthed, and Mysteries of the National Parks).
Ancient Relics Depicting Biblical and Egyptian Imagery Unearthed across America
Ancient Relics Depicting Biblical and Egyptian Imagery Unearthed across America
COAST TO COAST AM INSIDER Archived Show - During the first three hours, expert on ancient manuscripts, Glenn Kimball discussed his latest work deciphering North American tablets and artifacts and how they connect the Americas with the ancient world. These relics depicting Biblical and Egyptian imagery, discovered in mounds, mines, and caves across the United States, number in the thousands. One reason he believes they are authentic is because it would have taken a massive effort to forge and bury so many objects.
I was using the LROC moon map online program and found this interesting structure in the moons southern pole region. It can only be seen if you do not zoom in all the way. If you zoom in all the way, new photos appear and they are all smoothed over and flattened by using a smoothing CGI program. By not zooming in, you get to see the real moon, unedited. Thats something NASA doesn't want you to see.
The map program has a measurement ruler in the lower right hand corner. It says this structure is 5km wide and 5km tall.
100% proof alien structures exist on the moon and NASA tries to photoshop them out.
A new survey of our galaxy by astronomers with VERA in Japan has shown that Earth is both moving faster and is closer to the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy than previously thought. But don’t worry, our planet is safe!
A new survey of the Milky Way from Japan suggests our Earth and solar system are both moving faster and residing closer to our Milky Way galaxy’s central, supermassive black hole than astronomers had realized.
Is Earth heading toward our Milky Way galaxy’s central supermassive black hole? Rest assured, the answer is no. However, new observations the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan – highlighted in the first VERA Astrometry Catalog – suggest our planet is located about 2,000 light-years closer to the Milky Way’s central black hole than previously thought. And – just as in our solar system, where planets closer to the sun move faster than those further out – our Earth and sun are now seen as moving about 4 miles per second (7 km/second) faster than we knew.
The new work suggests our solar system is located 25,800 light-years from Sagittarius A* (abbreviated Sag A* and pronounced Sag A-Star), the region of our Milky Way’s central black hole. An earlier value of 27,700 light-years was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1985.
These new estimates are the result of an improved model of the Milky Way, based on recent observations.
The peer-reviewed paper containing these and other results was published in the August 2020 issue of Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan.
Schematic representation of our galaxy as it is being mapped by VERA.
These are the first results from the new astrometry catalog from the Japanese VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometer) project VERA (VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry). Astrometry is about measuring the exact positions and, over time, movements of space objects. It’s a technique that, in this case, has allowed us to get our bearings, so to speak, with respect to Milky Way stars moving around us. From the paper:
We have compiled all the astrometry results from VERA, providing accurate trigonometric-annual-parallax and proper-motion measurements. In total, 99 maser sourcesare listed in the VERA catalog. Among them, 21 maser sources are newly reported, while the rest of the 78 sources are referred to in previously published results or those in preparation for forthcoming papers.
In other words, the VERA project is used to map three-dimensional velocity and spatial structures in the Milky Way and uses a technique called interferometry to combine data from radio telescopes scattered across the Japanese archipelago.
The result is an amazing new degree of precision, these scientists said, with the same resolving power (clarity) as a 1,429-mile (2,300 km) diameter telescope.
With that kind of resolution, you could theoretically see a penny on the surface of the moon.
The VERA array consists of 4 stations in Mizusawa, Iriki, Ogasawara and Ishigaki-jima in Japan.
The science of astrometry – the accurate measurement of the positions and motions of space objects – is used by astronomers to help map our entire galaxy and our position in it. That can be a bit tricky since, because we are embedded within the galaxy itself and not looking at it from the outside, we can’t just easily see where we are (which happens to be in one of the outer spiral arms).
So how did the astronomers come up with this revised location of our world and solar system, with respect to the center of the galaxy?
They first constructed a new position and velocity map, using data from the VERA catalog as well as other observations. This allowed them to more accurately determine the exact center of our galaxy.
The new calculations also showed that Earth and our solar system are moving faster around the center of the galaxy at 227 km/ second, instead of 220 km/ second.
Artist’s concept of the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy. Earth is closer to it than thought, but there is no danger of being sucked in.
Image via Ute Kraus/ Wikipedia/ CC BY-SA/ Phys.org.
But again, no worries, we are still a very long way away from the black hole at the center of our galaxy, and won’t be getting anywhere near it.
Scientists also want to use VERA to look at many more objects, including ones that are close to the black hole. This will help them to better map out the galaxy as a whole and its motion. This effort will also include EAVN (East Asian VLBI Network), which has radio telescopes in Japan, South Korea, and China.
Earlier this year, another black hole, intermediate in mass, was also discovered near our galaxy’s center. At least a dozen others have also been found, and there may be thousands in the inner region of the Milky Way alone.
Bottom line:A new project to map the Milky Way has shown that Earth is both moving faster and is closer to the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy than previously thought. The new number is 25,800 light-years from Earth, in contrast to 27,700 light-years, established by the IAU in 1985. And Earth and our solar system are moving faster – around the center of the galaxy – at 227 km/ second, instead of 220 km/ second.
THE MOST precise 3D map of our Milky Way galaxy has been revealed by astronomers.
The 3D Milky Way map was created using data from the European Space Agency’s Gaia space probe that's been scanning the stars since 2013.
This is a 3D map of the Milky Way and all its moving starsCredit: ESA
The hope is that the map will shed new light on the workings of the galaxy we call home.
It allows astronomers to measure acceleration and hopefully find out how much the universe has expanded since the dawn of time.
An impressive 1.8 billion stars feature on the map.
The ESA unveiled the map and uploaded a mesmerising YouTube video of how stars move in the Milky Way.
The map can be used to measure acceleration in the Milky WayCredit: ESA
The ESA said: "The new Gaia data have allowed astronomers to trace the various populations of older and younger stars out towards the very edge of our galaxy – the galactic anticentre.
"Computer models predicted that the disc of the Milky Way will grow larger with time as new stars are born.
"The new data allow us to see the relics of the 10 billion-year-old ancient disc and so determine its smaller extent compared to the Milky Way’s current disc size."
The new 3D map was revealed just as another set of researchers claimed that Earth is closer to the black hole at the centre of our galaxy than previously thought.
The Milky Way has a huge black hole at the centre called Sagittarius A*.
This map showing the Milky Way's galactic centre was made my researchers in JapanCredit: NAOJ
They estimated Earth's position relative to the black hole at the centre of the Milky Way.
Back in 1985, Earth was thought to be 27,700 light years away from Sagittarius A*.
The new map puts it at 25,800 light-years away.
Scientists think Earth would be pulled apart inside a black hole but there's no need to panic just yet.
25,800 light-years away is a huge distance so Earth won't be anywhere near Sagittarius A* for a long time.
One light year works out at about six trillion miles.
Milky Way facts
Here's some things you might not have known about our galaxy...
The Milky Way is almost as old as the Universe itself with recently estimates suggestings that the Universe is around 13.7 or 13.8billion years old and the Milky Way is thought to be about 13.6billion years old
the Milky Way is disk shaped and measures about 120,000 light years across
It has a supermassive black hole in the middle called Sagittarius A*
It contains over 200 billion stars
It is thought to have an invisible halo made of dark matter
The Sistine Chapel of the ancients: Eight-mile wall of prehistoric paintings of extinct animals and people painted by first humans to reach South America 12,500 years ago is discovered in the Amazon rainforest
The Sistine Chapel of the ancients: Eight-mile wall of prehistoric paintings of extinct animals and people painted by first humans to reach South America 12,500 years ago is discovered in the Amazon rainforest
Eight-mile wall of prehistoric rock art in Colombia featuring animals and humans created 12,500 years ago
Includes depictions of extinct animals from the ice age such as the mastodon and palaeolama - camel relative
Unclear which Amazonian tribe created artwork but natives thought to have been there for 17,000 years
An eight-mile wall of prehistoric rock art featuring animals and humans has been discovered in the Amazonian rainforest after it was created up to 12,500 years ago.
The historical artwork, which is now being called the 'Sistine Chapel of the ancients', was uncovered on cliff faces last year in the Chiribiquete National Park, Colombia, by a British-Colombian team of archaeologists funded by the European Research Council.
The date of the paintings has been based on the portrayal of extinct animals from the ice age such as the mastodon - a prehistoric relative of the elephant which hasn't been seen in South America for at least 12,000 years.
There are also depictions of palaeolama - an extinct member of the camel family, as well as giant sloths and ice age horses.
Human handprints can also be seen. In the Amazon most native tribes are believed to be descendants of the first Siberian wave of migrants who are thought to have crossed the Bering Land Bridge up to 17,000 years ago.
The eight-mile wall of prehistoric rock art featuring animals and human and created up to 12,500 years ago has been discovered by a team of team of archaeologists
During the ice age this land bridge stayed relatively untouched because snowfall was very light. It stretched for hundreds of kilometres into the continents on either side so provided a way for people to cross into different areas.
Although it is unclear exactly which tribe created the paintings, there are two main indigenous tribes of the Amazon which are believed to have been around for thousands of years - the Yanomami and the Kayapo.
The first report of the Yanomami, who live between the borders of Brazil and Venezuela, was in 1759 when a Spanish explorer found a chief of another tribe who mentioned them.
The team uncovered the historical artwork, which is now being called the 'Sistine Chapel of the ancients', on cliff faces last year in the Chiribiquete National Park, Colombia
Among the paintings are discovery hat were created up to 12,500 years ago, are ones depicting the now now-extinct mastodon that once inhabited North and Central America and , the palaeolama- an extinct camelid.
Much less is known about the origin of the Kayapo tribe, which is estimated to have a population of roughly 8,600.
Amazon natives didn't keep written records until relatively recently and the humid climate and acidic soil have destroyed almost all traces of their material culture, including bones.
Until the discovery of these paintings, anything known about the region's history before 1500 has been inferred from scant archaeological evidence such as ceramics and arrow heads.
The site is in the Serrania de la Lindosa where, along with the Chiribiquete national park, other rock art had previously been found.
It is believed that these ancient images, which give a glimpse into a now lost civilisation, were created by some of the first ever humans to reach the Amazon.
The fascinating discovery, which happened last year but was kept secret, will now feature in a Channel 4 series Jungle Mystery: Lost Kingdoms of the Amazon, in December.
The site is deep in the heart of Colombia. It is so remote that after the British-Colombian research team drove for two hours, they were forced to trek on foot for another four.
The site is deep in the heart of Colombia in the Serrania de la Lindosa area. It is so remote that after the British-Colombian research team drove for two hours, they were forced to trek on foot for another four
Led by a professor of archaeology at Exeter University, Jose Iriarte, the research team was funded by the European Research Council.
Mr Iriarte told The Observer: 'When you're there, your emotions flow … We're talking about several tens of thousands of paintings. It's going to take generations to record them … Every turn you do, it's a new wall of paintings.
'We started seeing animals that are now extinct. The pictures are so natural and so well made that we have few doubts that you're looking at a horse, for example. The ice-age horse had a wild, heavy face. It's so detailed, we can even see the horse hair. It's fascinating.'
The documentary's presenter, Ella Al-Shamahi, an archaeologist and explorer, shared her excitement at seeing the images being brought back to life.
She told The Observer: 'The new site is so new, they haven't even given it a name yet.'
Ella Al-Shamahi, an archaeologist and explorer, shared her excitement at seeing the images being resurrected
During their trek, the explorers were faced with some of the area's most dangerous predators.
At one point the team even came face to face with the deadliest viper in the Americas - the bushmaster.
The only option for the team was to walk past the snake, knowing that if they were attacked there was a vanishingly small chance they would make it to hospital in time.
The territory where the paintings have been discovered was only recently unsealed after being completely off limits due to Colombia's raging civil war that lasted for 50 years.
And managing to enter the area still takes careful negotiation.
Some of the paintings are extremely high up on relatively sheer rock face, which at-first baffled the research team.
However, professor Iriarte believes that depictions of wooden towers among the paintings serve to explain how the indigenous people managed to get to such extreme heights.
It is unclear whether the paintings had a sacred purpose but Iriarte noticed that many large animals are surrounded by humans with their arms raised - seemingly in a pose of worship.
Presenter Al-Shamahi added that some people don't realise that the Amazon hasn't always been a rainforest and was in fact much more 'savannah-like' thousands of years ago.
She said that it is fascinating to see these ancient depictions of what the land would have looked like so many years ago.
Iriarte is convinced there are many more paintings to be found in the region and his team will be visiting again as soon as the coronavirus pandemic allows.
Jungle Mystery: Lost Kingdoms of the Amazon starts at 6.30pm on Channel 4 on December 5. The rock art discovery is in episode 2, on December 12.
‘Sistine Chapel of the Ancients’: Tens of Thousands of Ice-Age Paintings Discovered in a Remote Area of the Amazon
‘Sistine Chapel of the Ancients’: Tens of Thousands of Ice-Age Paintings Discovered in a Remote Area of the Amazon
All images via Marie-Claire Thomas/Wild Blue Media/Channel 4
Archaeologists have discovered an enormous collection of prehistoric art that spreads across a nearly eight-mile-long cliff within the Amazon rainforest. Now dubbed as the “Sistine Chapel of the ancients,” tens of thousands of paintings depict humans and animals like sloths, horses, and the now-extinct palaeolama and mastodon. The latter creatures haven’t occupied regions in South America for almost 12,000 years, which has provided the British-Colombian archaeology team with a timeline for the artworks’ origins.
Although the findings were discovered last year, they’ve been kept private because they’ll be presented as part of a Channel 4 documentary titled Jungle Mystery: Lost Kingdoms of the Amazon, which airs this month. Archaeologist Ella Al-Shamahi, who is leading the television series, told The Guardian that the site, which is located in the Serranía de la Lindosa, required a two-hour drive from San José del Guaviare and an additional four-hour trek on foot to reach. “When we entered Farc territory, it was exactly as a few of us have been screaming about for a long time,” Al-Shamahi said. “Exploration is not over. Scientific discovery is not over but the big discoveries now are going to be found in places that are disputed or hostile,” noting that Colombia has been ravaged by a civil war for decades.
Because of the breadth of the paintings—some are so high on the cliff that they only can be studied with drones—researchers believe the findings will take generations to study. So far, though, they’ve found traces of ochre pigments, in addition to renderings of hallucinogenic plants and depictions of people who appear to be bungee jumping.
The mystery shrouding the metal monoliths discovered across the globe appears to be revealed after a New Mexico art collective claimed responsibility.
Conspiracy theories speculating aliens circulated when a stainless steel, 10-foot monolith was discovered in a remote area of the Utah desert by wildlife officials on November 18.
Nearly two weeks later, a similar installation was spotted overlooking a river on Batca Doamnei Hill in the city of Piatra Neamt in northern Romania.
And a third structure appeared at the top of the Pine Mountain in Atascadero, California, on Wednesday in another plot twist.
The world was fascinated when one mysterious monolith appeared in a Utah desert (left) in November, then a second one was found in Piatra Neamt, Romania, soon after
On Wednesday, a third metal monolith was photographed at the top of the Pine Mountain in Atascadero, California (pictured)
Now, The Most Famous Artist has seemingly taken credit for the triangular installations, and are selling them for $45,000.
The art collective, based in Santa Fe, posted an image on Friday of a tall monolith being wheeled out of a workshop.
'Verified Checking in... any collectors interested in an official alien monolith? Asking $45k,' the post read, poking fun at the many the online conspiracies.
Matty Mo, founder of The Most Famous Artist, shared a photo that showed a metal monolith being wheeled around a workspace
A second post showed the viral Utah monolith with the caption 'monolith-at-a-service.com,' and specs of the artwork, noting 'museum quality materials' among others.
The Most Famous Artist account then shared Instagram photos of articles covering the monoliths, original concept art and, perhaps most telling, masked artist who appeared in the process of making a monolith.
'You mean it wasn’t aliens?! Monoliths-as-a-service.com,' the caption read.
The Most Famous Artist began sharing photos of the metal monoliths to Instagram on Friday and priced them at $45,000
One photoset on Instagram showed a masked man in the process of creating the monoliths
The Instagram photo's caption read: 'You mean it wasn’t aliens?! Monoliths-as-a-service.com'
When followers asked the Instagram account' was it you?', the account replied, ‘if by you mean us, yes.'
The account also shared a photo of a fourth monolith in Joshua Tree Park.
'ANOTHER Monolith outside of Joshua Tree. That makes 4. What does it mean?' the photo's caption read.
The founder of the art collective, Matty Mo, spoke about the art installations in an interview with Mashable, but stopped short of giving an outright answer.
'I am not able to say much because of legalities of the original installation,' Mo told Mashable via DM.
'I can say we are well known for stunts of this nature and at this time we are offering authentic art objects through monoliths-as-a-service. I cannot issue additional images at this time but I can promise more on this in the coming days and weeks.'
The publication noted that Mo 'would neither confirm nor deny that he was taking credit, and wouldn’t share additional proof.'
The Most Famous Artist founder Matty Mo (pictured) didn't outright confirm the group's involvement in an interview with Mashable
Mashable noted that the Romanian monolith hadn't been pictured anywhere on the groups social media or website.
Mo said that's because he 'only had 3 spots for photos on my site.'
Mo began sharing images of the monoliths to his Twitter account on Thursday.
However, Mashable noted that Mo may have potential collaborators in Carlos Estrada, a content creator at Media Arts Lab, and Erik Junke, a photographer.
Estrada reportedly hinted to his contributions in on Instagram, writing: 'did me and @themostfamousartist make the monolith?'
The Most Famous Artist's account answered: 'NOT NO.'
The Most Famous Artist shared a fourth monolith from Joshua Tree National Park to their Intagram page
Junke shared two photo of the California desert to their Instagram in September and October.
Each photo, titled 'Doorway' and 'Doorway II,' had bright rectangles edited into the photo and were tagged '#monolith.'
They were reportedly included in The Most Famous Artist's Instagram Stories with captions like: 'Are people talking about monoliths or something? It's like they didn't see it coming.'
'They're everywhere and there will be plenty more to locate. Go straight to the source to find out more and get your very own @TheMostFamousArtist @TMFACommunity,' another caption read, per Mashable.
All three original monoliths have been removed since their installation.
In Utah, images emerged of four men working in the dead of night to remove the monolith.
Sylvan Christensen and Andy Lewis dentified themselves on Instagram as one of the men, and Christensen shared a video showing part of the process.
The short clip, which has already been viewed over 100,000 times on TikTok, was captioned: 'Don’t abandon your personal property on public land if you don’t want it to be taken out #utahmonolith #leavenotrace,' accompanied with a shrugging emoji.
The monolith in Romania vanished just four days after its unexpected arrival.
'The 2.8 meter (9ft) tall structure disappeared overnight as quietly as it was erected last week,' journalist Robert Iosub of the Ziar Piatra Neamt local newspaper, who had seen the structure, told Reuters.
'An unidentified person, apparently a bad local welder, made it ... now all that remains is just a small hole covered by rocky soil,' local reporters had discovered, he said.
A large 10-foot tall monolith has appeared on the street outside Grandpa Joe's candy shop in Pittsburgh
The sheet metal structure had a badly-welded join, he added.
A spokeswoman for Piatra Neamt police, Georgiana Mosu, said officers are conducting an inquiry into the illegally-installed structure, which was positioned in a protected archaeological area from November 27.
City officals in California said their monolith disappeared early Thursday morning. A press release said video shared to social media showed a group of men removing the art piece and replacing it with a wooden cross.
Meanwhile, a similar -or copycat - monolith appeared outside of Grandpa Joe's candy store in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on Thursday.
Bizarre: People believe a 'dead artist' is responsible for the mysterious monolith in the Utah desert
Bizarre: People believe a 'dead artist' is responsible for the mysterious monolith in the Utah desert
While the discovery is still surrounded by mystery, some people reckon that the monolith may have been placed by a 'dead artist' in the desert.
Last week, a mysterious-looking metal monolith appeared out of nowhere in the middle of the barren Utah desert, creating quite a stir across the world.
What started as routine wildlife assistance took an extraterrestrial turn for Utah's Department of Public Safety when its officers, surveying the area in a helicopter, stumbled upon the object.
According to reports, the 12-feet high monolith was found on 18th November when officers from the Utah Department of Public Safety's Aero Bureau were flying by helicopter in a measure meant to help the Division of Wildlife Resources count bighorn sheep in southeastern Utah.
Soon after the discovery, videos and pictures of the monolith were widely circulated on social media.
As expected, netizens came up with various theories about how it appeared in the middle of the desert.
While the discovery is still surrounded by mystery, some people reckon that the monolith may have been placed by a 'dead artist' in the desert.
Several art enthusiasts around the world claimed that the monolith looks like the work of sculptor John McCracken. The bizarre part of this claim is that McCracken died in 2011.
John McCracken was a minimalist artist who lived and worked in Los Angeles, Santa Fe New Mexico and New Work. His work was included in every important exhibition of Minimalist sculpture in the US and Europe.
David Zwirner, an art gallery owner, tried to add some logic to the discovery by sharing a picture of a similar monolith that was made by McCracken. Zwirner shared the picture of the old monolith alongside the newly discovered one on Instagram and captioned it: “The portal to Utah is at David Zwirner 20th Street.”
"While this is not a work by the late American artist John McCracken, we suspect it is a work by a fellow artist paying homage to McCracken," a spokesperson from The David Zwirner Gallery, later told Art News
What makes this theory even more interesting is the conversation McCracken had with his son back in 2002.
McCracken's son, Patrick, recalled a with New York Times: "We were standing outside looking at the stars and he said something to the effect of that he would like to leave his artwork in remote places to be discovered later.""
The monolith that was placed in a red-rock desert in Utah
China gets plenty of news coverage lately due to the coronavirus and its ongoing mission on the Moon, but it may not want the publicity being generated by U.S. Director of National Intelligence John Ratcliffe, who claimed in an interview this week that China is actively conducting gene editing on members of its military with the goal of creating super soldiers with capabilities now only seen in movies. Is it true? Should we be worried? Is it too late? Or is this a smoke screen to hide our own experiments?
“U.S. intelligence shows that China has even conducted human testing on members of the People’s Liberation Army in hope of developing soldiers with biologically enhanced capabilities. There are no ethical boundaries to Beijing’s pursuit of power.”
In an exclusive article in The Wall Street Journal titled “China Is National Security Threat No. 1,” Ratcliffe presents his concerns and defends the article’s subtitle, “Resisting Beijing’s attempt to reshape and dominate the world is the challenge of our generation.” Calling the findings of U.S. intelligence “the greatest threat to democracy and freedom world-wide since World War II,” Ratcliffe presents his case that China’s goal is world domination and anything it says to the contrary is “only a layer of camouflage to the activities of the Chinese Communist Party.”
Other articles covering Ratcliffe’s op-ed point out that China has talked about “biological dominance” or “command/superiority in biology” before, but the context has been in biological warfare or biological protection of soldiers from enemy biological weapons or backsplash from their own. Needless to say, the speculation has often been that at least some of these experiments and tests have been done without the knowledge of the soldiers – don’t get all indignant without looking in the mirror of your own military first. As expected, the gene-editing technique most often referred to in these articles and studies has been CRISPR, which the Chinese have confirmed in multiple cases to have used in editing human embryos and bringing them to term, with the babies probably in their infancy by now. Of course, super soldiers raised from super babies is not a short-term solution, but the Chinese are well known for thinking long-term.
Can he help us?
Back to Ratcliffe. The controversial Director of National Intelligence is nearing the end of his term and has lived up to fears expressed during both his first failed nomination and his second confirmed one that he would politicize U.S. intelligence. President Trump has focused his wrath on China — because of the coronavirus, its military buildup, its economic growth and his constant need for a scapegoat – and Ratcliffe obviously supports the president. Ratcliffe’s spell as director of national intelligence will end when president-elect Joe Biden is sworn in, and Biden has nominated Avril Haines to the position – she was previously deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency and would be the first woman to hold the position. How would she react to intelligence that China is developing super soldiers? Perhaps someone will ask that question during her nomination hearings.
Whether Ratcliffe’s op-ed is political or real intelligence, it’s not surprising that China would be conducting such experiments – with or without the knowledge of the soldiers. It should also not be a surprise that the U.S. military (and probably Russia, Israel, Iran … you get the idea) would also be covertly conducting them. We live in a world where, by the time you can say “the cat is out of the bag,” the cat is a genetically-altered super-feline that has birthed multiple generations of creatures that are no longer content with mice, birds or canned meat.
With mysterious monoliths being in the news so much lately, I thought I would turn my attention away from the Earth and take a trip to Mars, so to speak. It was back in 1968 when the science-fiction blockbuster, 2001: A Space Odyssey – the work of producer and director, Stanley Kubrick – hit cinemas all around the world and raked in close to $200 Million. In the opening segment of the movie we see a tribe of primitive, early “ape-men” fighting for survival in the harsh landscape of what is now the continent of Africa – albeit in the film it plays out millions of years ago. One day the tribe awakes to find that overnight a strange, black-colored monolith has appeared in their very midst. In no time at all, the intelligence levels of the creatures are increased by, it appears, the monolith itself. The implication is that something of an extraterrestrial nature has kick-started human civilization into what will eventually be high gear. As amazing and as unbelievable as it may sound, a monolith has been photographed on the surface of Phobos. A case of fact eerily mirroring fiction? Well, that very much depends on one’s own opinion.
We have a man named Efrain Palermo to thank for bringing this incredible matter to light. As someone with a deep interest in Mars and its moons, he decided to make an extensive review of the many pictures that NASA had secured from its Mars Global Surveyor in 1998. Palermo was amazed by what he found. He said that while studying one particular image from Phobos “…my eye caught something sticking up out of the surface.” As to what that “something” was, Palermo added: “I downloaded it into Photoshop and zoomed into that area, and there it was, an apparent cylindrical shaped object casting a longish shadow and having a slanted roof.” Dr. Mark Carlotto, the author of The Martian Enigmas, and someone who has undertaken groundbreaking research into the controversies surrounding the Face on Mars and the Cydonia region, took an interest in the apparent monolith. Palermo explains that Carlotto “…referred me to Lan Fleming a NASA imaging specialist who has interest in Mars and other solar system anomalies. Lan looked at it and upon further examination and study concluded as did I, that this was a physical anomaly on the surface of Phobos.” That’s putting it mildly.
Fleming worked at the Johnson Space Center and took a deep interest in the monolith, even going so far as to suggest that the monolith was not a random piece of oddly formed rock. Closer and clearer imagery analysis demonstrated that the monolith actually had a somewhat-Pyramid-like shape, and not that of a typical monolith. The point, however, was that the monolith still appeared to be the creation of some form of intelligence. Phobos lacks an atmosphere; thus there cannot be any kind of natural erosion on Phobos that might otherwise allow for the transformation of a regular rock into something radically different. And, something undeniably recognizable to us, too.
Fleming made this statement: “There seems to be no good reason to put the word ‘monolith’ in quotes to describe this object. Efrain’s interpretation is absolutely correct. At the very least, this object is a monolithic block of stone, although its high reflectivity may indicate that it is composed of something else. But how likely is it that it’s artificial? That depends in part on how tall the object is relative to the width of its base. A block of stone several times longer than its height created from the impact of some large meteoroid would be unlikely to land on its narrow end and remain upright.” Not only that: Buzz Aldrin, the second man on the surface of the Moon, said: “We should visit the moons of Mars. There’s a monolith there; a very unusual structure on this little potato shaped object that goes around Mars once every seven hours. When people find out about that they are going to say, ‘Who put that there? Who put that there?’ Well, the universe put it there, or if you choose God put it there.” Or, perhaps, it was all down to the Martians.
Filer’s Files 49 2020 Does U.S. Have Spaceships? - PART I
NASA view of Spec Cylinder
Filer’s Files 49 2020 Does U.S. Have Spaceships? - PART I
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
In special reports, this week’s files cover: Does U.S. Have Spaceships, NASA Takes Video of Cylinder, Recent Reports of Red, Orange, White, or Yellow “Fireballs,”Zecharia Sitchin and Extraterrestrials, Argentina Is Studying the UFO Phenomenon, Bulgarian Institute Sees City in Mars, New Assumptions To Guide Seti Research, and Fraudulent Election Returns.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Nevada, New Jersey, North Carolina.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Canada, Poland, Portugal, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
I hope you had a Happy Thanksgiving
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.
Special Projects
Does U.S. Have Spaceships
Jack Sarfatti
This just popped up out of the Blue Glow. I don’t agree with the premise:
An abundance of empirical and scientific evidence now proves beyond a reasonable doubt − during the latter half of the twentieth century, a deeply secret group within the United States government reverse-engineered an extraterrestrial spacecraft.In 2003, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, which had (along with many sitting U.S. Presidents largely been denied access to this secret program, received an extensively well-researched and prepared document titled “SUPREME COSMIC SECRET” (SCS) written solely for the CIA’s internal review. This document detailed and evidenced the science of this formerly super secret program. The Agency exhaustively analyzed it he facts and science in the SCS Report and found it was accurate, truthful, and correct in its science and engineering findings
Result, the CIA now sanctions the group responsible for creating the SCS document – RAM Gravonics, LLC. – in its developmental effort to replicate this technology. It’s interesting that this report is based on Nazi “Die Glocke” see Nick Cook’s “Hunt for Zero Point” and is eight years before Tic Tac Disclosure. This report is based on an actual CIA/JASON meeting at General Atomics La Jolla that I attended followed by a meeting with a Defense Contractor in Huntington Beach.
NASA‘s live feed of the International Space Station (ISS) captured a mysterious cylindrical object, which UFO experts claim is an alien cylinder that goes transparent. The odd shape was spotted in space behind the ISS by space fans watching the live feed.
And experts said the cylinder – which they claim was a UFO – was ‘partially transparent’, which may be a technique used to keep the craft safe so that it is not seen.
UFO expert Scott C Waring, shared the footage and said: “I noticed a UFO in the distance that was coming closer and closer to the space station. The UFO was partially cloaked, which made it look transparent.” Mr. Waring runs the website UFO Sightings Daily ,
He added: “In the deep blackness of spaces, blending into the environment means you will be safer from other alien species that may not be friendly.”
In the live video, relayed by the American space agency, the UFOs more over from the right of the screen towards the left. After they were seen conspiracy theorists claimed the live feed was cut.
Experts believe the image was partially cloaked to make it transparent
Last year it was also suggested that a “nervous” astronaut was telling ground control about the appearance of a strange red-colored UFO on the live NASA feed.
They claim he said the word “gospel” when the object appeared, and suggested this may have been a codeword as ground control replied “we pray for you.”
Recent Reports of Red, Orange, White, or Yellow “Fireballs”
Sorel-Tracy Quebec – on October 13, 2020 at 1:20 am, I witnessed the brightest light in the sky that seemed to be spinning on its axe.
Numerous reports of red, orange, or yellow lights or fireballs have been reported over the last several months. Sightings were recorded in Alaska, California, D.C.Florida, Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, and West Virginia. Other countries such as the UK and Canada also had sightings. The reports came from reliable witnesses. The lights are often reported in pairs, triplets, and many dozens of similarly appearing objects. Many suggest a UFO is behind the lights. These may represent increased alien craft or some type of plasma phenomena. It is apparent there are unusual climate problems on Earth. The atmosphere is full of electrical phenomenon such as lightning, ball lighting and plasmas. People could be seeing this electrical energy spilling over into our skies
Zecharia Sitchin and Extraterrestrials
We lost Zecharia Sitchin a great researcher on October 9, 2010, whose work was based on clay tablets some of oldest recorded writings known to man that were found in modern day Iraq (Samaria). Sitchin’s work consists of eight books promoting an explanation for human origins involving ancient astronauts. He explained to me that much of the ancient data is also contained in the Book of Genesis, which is the basis for many of the world’s religions including Christianity and Judaism. Basically it tells that God created the Earth and all living things. Visitors from space called the Nephilim came to Earth and mated with women. A great war occurred in the planet Heaven and a group of angels led by Satan were forced out and settled on Earth. Satan or the Devil attempts to convince mankind to follow his beliefs. The combatants are referred to in the Dead Sea Scrolls as the Sons of Light versus the Sons of Darkness. This war has continued for over 6,000 years. We can assume the craft in our skies have a connection with these ancient writings. Genesis has more relevance to the present day than you might realize. There are two wills in the universe, God’s will and Satan’s will.
The Anunnaki were spacemen
Genesis 19 is one of the most commonly cited passages in the Bible that describes the destruction of Sodom. The term “Sodomite” was originally used to refer to an inhabitant of Sodom — a city which was located in Canaan, present day Israel. It later became a legal term to refer to criminal sexual acts. He destroyed Sodom with fire and brimstone (sulfur) dumped from above. According to the story, he killed all of the inhabitants of Sodom for threatening the rape of two angels who blinded their attackers.
“Genesis Revisited “is probably my favorite book from Sitchin, because it details the main points of all his books after new scientific finds came to light. Here is an image from the book showing ancient entwined serpents and their possible meaning. At top left, the two entwined snakes and the ladder like ribbons between the serpents bodies…..does it remind you of anything?
Remember that these images are five thousand years old. Today we still use the image of the entwined serpent as a sign of medicine.
The entwined serpents, the symbol for medicine and healing to this very day are also the symbol of the double helix structure of DNA.
The entwined Serpents emulate the structure of the genetic code, the secret knowledge of which enabled the creation of the Adam the first man.
NASA Claims Earth May Have Been Visited by Aliens
UFO over China
“NASA scientist says Earth may have been visited by aliens.” Unsurprisingly, that news rocketed around the web, with similar articles soon turning up in the New York Post, Russia Today and the Daily Wire. (Fox appears to have been the first major U.S. news source to run with the story.)
These articles are based on a document on NASA’s website by Silvano Colombano, a researcher at NASA’s Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. It really does argue that scientists should at least take seriously the notion that aliens may have visited planet Earth. But Colombano told Live Science that the coverage on Fox News and elsewhere misrepresented what he was trying to say when he wrote it. So below is Dr. Colombano’s report from one of highest paid and respected scientists at NASA. “
Argentina Is Studying the UFO Phenomenon.
After UFO Disclosure by UK, Russia, Denmark, Sweden, Uruguay, Chile, Brazil and by New Zealand governments, Chile is reopening a special UFO investigations unit CEFAA. This apparently forced the Air Force of Argentina to formally announce the formation of a committee to study the UFO phenomenon. The Director of Institutional Relations of the Argentinean Air Force confirmed on Telefe Newscast that it has recorded two UFO sightings it cannot account for by normal explanations.
“The Argentinean Air Force further stated that the mission of the Air Force is to guard the security of Argentinean air space.”
Argentina’s Air Force (FAA) has an official UFO investigations organization which studies photo and video UFO cases. Although they were established in mid-2011, they have just recently released their first report.
The Condor Building in Buenos Aires, headquarters of the Argentinean Air Force.
(Image credit:
The FAA first announced the creation of a commission to investigate UFO reports in late December, 2010. In May, 2011, they officially launched the Commission for the Investigation of Aerospace Phenomena (CEFAe) with a ceremony at the Condor Building in Buenos Aires, the FAA Headquarters where CEFAe is also located.
Captain Mariano Mohaupt, press spokesman of the Argentinean Air Force, who presided at CIFA’s launching ceremony.
(Image credit: FAA)
The website Inexplicata – the Journal of Hispanic Ufology posted a translated story about a report posted on CEFAe’s website. The CEFAe website is very simple with just a few paragraphs of text explaining who they are and a link to download a form for UFO reports with photos or video. Below that is another simple link to the PDF report of cases they have investigated in 2015.
It is perhaps the most simple and bare website of any government or military on the internet.
The report is a bit more exciting – just a bit – and includes the investigation of 10 cases, most of which were reported in January, 2015. The investigators appeared to find prosaic answers to the cases. All but one of the cases included photos or videos.
One interesting aspect to CEFAe is that it relies on the help of civilian UFO investigators. In fact, most of the cases list who aided in the investigation, some of which are civilians. This adds to the transparency to the process.
Argentina is not the only South American country with an official UFO investigation organization. Uruguay, Chile and Peru also research the phenomenon in an official capacity with dedicated departments. According to Jose Lay, the Director of International Affairs for Chile’s Committee for the Study of Anomalous Aerial Phenomena (CEFAA), South American countries takes the UFO issue much more seriously than the U.S.
The English translated report…
Study of Aerospace Phenomena
Sightings cases presented here include all those testimonies CEFAe sent through its website, have occurred since 2015. The method of analysis used comprises a combination of several techniques, depending on the photographed or filmed object: from simple observation, and reading data compared to anything known in the aerospace field, to the comprehensive analysis (Compositional, qualitative and technical) of the evidence presented.
In some cases it has resorted to more than one specialist, in order to extrapolate partial each and arrive at the most precise and accurate conclusions resolutions on the real cause of the phenomenon. They have been used, including, astronomical programs and satellite to exclude natural or technological causes.
While all the cases analyzed here, they have proved compatible with causes known origin, are nevertheless very valuable testimony from the point of view of UFO research, especially in the corroboration of the existence of an overwhelming percentage of IFO (Identifiable Objects) resulting from honest interpretations but erroneous, which have been confused with extraordinary ordinary objects.
Photos and videos received, although it has been resolved as classic “IFO”, have a great educational value for students, also serving as examples of Ufology compared internationally.
“This sighting reaches a maximum level of strangeness only if considered related by the witness about how the object appeared and then disappeared (according to him, suddenly and without moving in any direction). It could be a small ball was thrown into the air when photo was taken the witness states that upon arrival at, “The object was not there and that (after seeing him and get one photo) when he lowered the camera the object was gone.” Oddly enough, this tiny part of the story suffers from the fit also have a stage ball thrown into the air.
While high shutter speed (1 / 909avo second) has been able to “freeze” the object in the sky, however … the extension there of and the analysis of pixilated it emerges that the sphere exhibits a faint vertical movement, compatible with high on a parabolic trajectory.
The Pentagon Has Reportedly Found ‘Off-World Vehicles Not Made on This Earth
The astrophysicist Eric Davis, who consulted with the Pentagon’s original UFO program, told the Times that after he examined certain materials, he came to the conclusion that “we couldn’t make [them] ourselves.” In fact, Davis briefed a Department of Defense (DOD) agency as recently as March about retrieving materials from “off-world vehicles not made on this earth.”
“As we have said previously, the Department of Defense and all of the military departments take any incursions by unauthorized aircraft into our training ranges or designated airspace very seriously, and examine each report,” Pentagon spokesperson Sue Gough tells Popular Mechanics in a statement. “This includes examinations of incursions that are initially reported as ‘unidentified aerial phenomena’ (UAP) when the observer cannot immediately identify what he or she is observing. Thorough examinations of any incursions into our training ranges or designated airspace often involve assessments from across the department, and, as appropriate, consultation with other U.S. government departments and agencies.”
Gough continues:
The safety of our personnel and the security of our operations are of paramount concern. To protect our people and maintain operations security, which includes not providing information that may be useful to our adversaries, DOD does not discuss publicly the details of either the observations or the examination of reported incursions into our training ranges or designated airspace, including those incursions initially designated as UAP.
In regards to the Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon Task Force mentioned in Times, Gough confirms the Department of Defense “is creating a task force to gain knowledge and insight into the nature and origins of UAPs,” as well as their “operations, capabilities, performance, and/or signatures.”
The mission, Gough says, “will be to detect, analyze, catalog, consolidate, and exploit non-traditional aerospace vehicles/UAPs posing an operational threat to U.S. national security and avoid strategic surprise.”
The Times report, and the anticipated public disclosure of findings from Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon Task Force, are the latest in encouraging recent developments surrounding UFO research.
In 2019, the Navy confirmed the three videos, taken by Navy pilots, indeed show “unexplained aerial phenomena,” but the service also said the footage should have never been released to the public in the first place. Then in April, the service dropped the clips on its Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) page, a repository for documents released under the federal law that allows for the full or partial disclosure of U.S. government information to the public.
The clips were first released in 2017 and 2018 by The New York Times and To the Stars Academy of Arts & Science, a UFO research group from former blink-182 member Tom DeLonge.
“After a thorough review,” a Pentagon spokesperson told Popular Mechanics in April, “the department has determined that the authorized release of these unclassified videos does not reveal any sensitive capabilities or systems, and does not impinge on any subsequent investigations of military air space incursions by unidentified aerial phenomena.”
This book list for those who looking for to read and enjoy the Inside Inside The Black Vault
Inside The Black Vault by Greenewald Jr. Summary
The evidence in this book may not ultimately give you the “smoking gun” you are looking for on your journey, but I guarantee it will give you a box of bullets when you find it. In 1996, John Greenewald, Jr. began researching the secret inner workings of the US Government at the age of fifteen. He targeted such agencies as the CIA, FBI, Pentagon, Air Force, Army, Navy, NSA, DIA, and countless others. Greenewald utilized the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) to gain access to more than two million pages of documents. This archive includes information relating to UFOs, the JFK Assassination, chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons, and top secret aircraft. He took the millions of pages, and over the course of more than two decades, has built an archive known around the world, as The Black Vault. Inside The Black Vault: The Government’s UFO Secrets Revealed takes you on a journey within the secret world of unidentified aerial phenomenon that has plagued the military since at least the 1940s.
Declassified records prove that the UFO topic is one of the most highly classified and most elusive subjects the US Government has ever dealt with. Each chapter explores various agencies and their documents, and Greenewald breaks down the meaning of why some of the most important documents are relevant to proving a massive cover-up. Along with declassified documents, Greenewald outlines the struggle it took him to get them. No other topic has proven so difficult, in more than 8,000 FOIA requests that he has filed. He explores why that might be and meets skeptics and debunkers head on, outlining why some of their more prominent rebuttals for it all cannot be true.
Bulgarian Institute Thermal Evidence of City on Mars
Heat from Red Areas on Mars
The Russian Phobos 2 satellite picked up thermal evidence of city like structures on Mars. The pattern seen on the surface of Mars was photographed with its infrared camera- a camera that takes pictures of objects using the heat that they radiate, and not by the play of light and shadow on them.
Nations that are declassifying UFO files have generally avoided explicitly identifying the source of phenomena in their files as extraterrestrial life. The notable exception is that of extraterrestrial disclosure by the Bulgarian Space Research Institute (SRI) which is part of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
The Spacer Researchers International (SRI participated in experiments which flew on board the Intercosmoss Space Station. Bulgarian cosmonauts were on board of “Salyut-6” and “Mir”, space stations.” SRI has taken part in the development of scientific equipment on board the “Mir” space station; “Svet” space greenhouse – a plant life cycle system; biological closed cycle life supporting system for future manned Mars missions. SRI was also part of Russian Mars “Phobos 2” missions that arrived safely at Mars in January 1989. It orbited Mars taking a series of images suggesting extraterrestrial life.
In other words, the pattern of parallel lines and rectangles covering an area of almost two hundred and fifty square miles was a source of heat radiation. It is so highly unlikely that a natural source of heat radiation (a geyser or a concentration of radioactive minerals under the surface, for example) would create such a perfect geometric pattern.
Phobos 2 was apparently destroyed by a whit cylinder shaped UFO based its last broadcast images. (Shown here) These images have been used as support by conspiracy-followers to the idea of previous/still life on Mars. A number of TV-shows were produced in Russia about the Phobos-project, but none of these managed to cross to the West.
New Assumptions to Guide Seti Research
Dr. Silvano P. Colombano, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-2, Moffett Field CA 94044.
Overall Goals and Objectives: In light of our most recent understanding of the age of the planetary systems that might support life I discuss the set of assumptions that currently guide SETI research and make recommendations for a new, more “aggressive” approach. Background and current assumptions: Recent discoveries due to the Kepler project have identified planetary system as old as 10.4 Gyr (Kepler-10) [1] [3], and 11.2 Gyr (Kepler-444)
[2]. Considering that the age of our solar system is about 4.5 Gyr, earth like planets could exist that are 6 Gyr, (6 Billion years) older than our own. Considering further that technological development in our civilization started only about 10K years ago and has seen the rise of scientific methodologies only in the past 500 years, we can surmise that we might have a real problem in predicting technological evolution even for the next thousand years, let alone 6 Million times that amount! In light of these numbers, I think we need to re-visit even our most cherished assumptions:
Interstellar travel is impossible or highly unlikely. Clearly distance and energy are insurmountable problems for the technologies we have available. Still we are able to fathom possibilities of achieving much greater understanding and control of matter-energy and space-time. Even if the speed of light continues to be an unbreakable barrier, over spans of thousands of year’s civilizations could probably make interstellar journeys.
Radio waves continue to be the major form of communication for thousands or millions of years. I suspect that, even if the radio medium continues to be used, the packing of information inside it would be so much greater that we would not be able to recognize any “structure” and would not be able to distinguish it from noise, unless a civilization would in fact decide to use it as a beacon. Even with that intention, that form of communication might quickly have become obsolete, and they might choose other types of beacons for civilizations that are closer in development to theirs. Whether and how civilizations would choose to communicate could also be a fertile field of techno sociological study.
Intelligent civilizations would be based on carbon life given the fairly common presence of elements that might be involved in the origin of life throughout the universe. It is a reasonable assumption that life “as we know it” was at least a common starting point, but our form of life and intelligence, may just be a tiny first step.
A continuing evolution that may well produce forms of intelligence that is far superior to ours. After a mere 50 years of computer evolution we are already talking about “super-intelligence” and we are quickly becoming symbiotic with computer power.
Super-intelligence”
I simply want to point out the fact that the intelligence we might find and that might choose to find us (if it hasn’t already) might not be at all be produced by carbon based organisms like us. How might that change the above assumptions about interstellar travel? Our typical life-spans would no longer be a limitation, and the size of the “explorer” might be that of an extremely tiny super-intelligent entity. And how might this change our assumptions about openness or desire to communicate with other civilizations?
We have not been, and are not being visited It seems to me that SETI has ignored the potential relevance of UFO phenomena for three reasons:
1) The assumption of extremely low likelihood of interstellar travel,
2) The very high likelihood of hoaxes, mistaken perceptions or even psychotic events in UFO phenomena, and
3) The general avoidance of the subject by the scientific community. I think the approach the scientific community could take, instead, is very similar to what SETI has done so far: find the signal in the noise. In the very large amount of “noise” in UFO reporting there may be “signals” however small, that indicate some phenomena that cannot be explained or denied. If we adopt a new set of assumptions about what forms of higher intelligence and technology we might find, some of https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20180001925 2019-09-10T14:54:18+00:00Z those phenomena might fit specific hypotheses, and we could start some serious enquiry.
New opportunities from NASA
The recent Kepler discoveries of Earth-like planets offer the opportunity to focus our attention on detecting signs of life and technology in specific planetary systems, but I feel we need to become more flexible in our assumptions. Life is most likely to have originated in conditions similar to ours, but the vast time differences render the likelihood of “matching” technologies very slim.
Conclusions and recommendations In light of the challenges described above I propose a more “aggressive” approach to future SETI exploration, in the following directions
Engage physicists in what might be called “speculative physics”, still with some willingness to stretch possibilities as to the nature of space-time and energy.
Engage technologists in futuristic exploration of how technology might evolve w/r Artificial Intelligence, “Robotic Systems” and symbiosis of biology with machines.
Engage sociologists in speculation about what kinds of societies we might expect from the above developments.
Consider the UFO phenomenon worthy of study in the context of a system with the possibility of challenging some of our assumptions and pointing to new discovery.
Additional Information: (A) The proposals of this white paper relate to questions 2 and 3 of the Alien Mindscape article (how intelligent life communicates and how it can be detected) in that it addresses the fundamental issue of the potential nature and technological age of intelligent life. (B) (B) One of the recommendations made is to study UFO reports as a low signal to noise ratio phenomenon. Big Data Analysis could approach several existing data bases such as130, 000 pages of declassified U.S. Air Force documents, National UFO Reporting Center Database and several other international data bases. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20180001925 2019-09-10T14:54:18+00:00Z
Fraudulent Election Returns
I have worked in the Voter Poles for twenty elections in New Jersey where Republicans and Democrats sit side by side and there are frequent disagreements. In almost every city only Democrats handled the votes and the Republicans were kept away from seeing the robbery. . This is like ten men walking into a bank with loaded guns. Can you prove they robbed the bank? To allow one party to control the election is foolishness. Even if they were completely honest the set up created suspicion because they could cheat at will so 174 million people do not believe the results and divides the country. To make matters worse the news media lies about the hundreds of people who claim they saw theft, and thousands of questionable ballets brought just prior to midnight on November 3.r
Pa. poll watcher, a Navy vet, alleges missing USB cards, up to 120,000 questionable votes.
At a hearing Wednesday, the poll watcher alleged the cards may have been used to add illegal votes to the state’s vote count
A U.S. Navy veteran and data scientist from Pennsylvania alleged this week that 47 USB cards used during the state’s Nov. 3 election have gone missing – and asserted that as many as 120,000 votes cast in the election should be called into question.
At a hearing in Gettysburg on Wednesday, poll watcher Gregory Stenstrom of Delaware County identified himself a former commanding officer in the Navy and a forensic computer scientist with expertise on security and fraud issues.
“I personally observed USB cards being uploaded to voting machines by the voting machine warehouse supervisor on multiple occasions,” Stenstrom testified. “This person is not being observed, he’s not a part of the process that I can see, and he is walking in with baggies of USBs.”
USB (Universal Serial Bus) cards are small, handheld devices that help people move data from one electronic device to another. This is typical of hundreds of irregularities.
In a stunning interview on Fox Business, Sidney Powell explains why states that attempt to certify fraudulent election votes will be halted by the courts, even retroactively. “President Trump won this election in a landslide,” she says, adding, “there needs to be a massive criminal investigation [about the fraud], and it’s going to affect millions of voters. Allegedly Chuan and Iran had access to most of the voting machines. We have almost 500 avadavat of people‘s sworn testimony of f fraud in Democratic cities. An affidavit of fraud is a legal document, signed under the penalties of perjury, stating that someone has committed fraud.
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Filer’s Files 49 2020 Does U.S. Have Spaceships? - PART II
NASA view of Spec Cylinder
Filer’s Files 49 2020 Does U.S. Have Spaceships? - PART II
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
UFO Sightings in the United States
Sightings are from MUFON CMS
Arizona Window Lights
Buckeye– On November 25, 2020, I went to take the trash out this morning and look at the morning sky when I noticed a very large object in the sky. I couldn’t make out the shape of the object but the windows were very clearly visible. I proceeded to take the picture provided. Object was silent to the west and called my wife to take a look at the object. The lights were still visible and now to the southwest. She remarked that she saw something similar a few days/weeks ago.
California Object
Joshua Tree Park – On November 25, 2020, we initially saw the object overhead moving from north to south very slowly for about two minutes. It disappeared as it moved directly over the top of Ryan Mountain. Totally silent and extremely large.
Florida Lights
Hollywood – On November 16, 2020, thought it was a blimp but as we got closer we knew it wasn’t.
Georgia ISS
Swansea – On November 23, 2020, watching the ISS feed and observed orbs and a brown cube then right after I took 2 photos on my iPod the feed ‘blue screened’.
Kentucky Triangle
Somerset— On November 4 2020, I was walking my dogs during their typical afternoon walk. I was just enjoying the sunshine on a clear day. I looked up and saw a V shaped craft that looked huge. It was above the tree tops flying very slowly and silently towards the NW. It was matte black in color with six round circles of a matte white color on the bottom surface. I was shocked and thought I was imagining things so I looked down at the ground and blinked a few times and then looked back up at the sky. It was still there. I watched it for a few seconds until it was gone. I have spent the last few weeks coming to terms with what I saw.
Nevada Light
Las Vegas – On November 22, 2020, went to his south window to close the blinds as the sun was coming up. He saw a glowing green light. He ran outside to a parking lot of the YMCA and the object (light) approached and appeared to change shape as it became closer he thought that it was a large green space ship. It about was about the size of a football field hovering low in the sky. He had his cell phone with him and snapped about 15 photos. The above photo was taken when he first saw the object.
Suddenly a robot-like being appeared in front of him 40 to 50 feet from him. The being was somewhat transparent, but was bipedal and bimodal. The joints of the being appeared to not be connected as he levitated above the ground. It was almost like it was invisible then it would turn into a being that you could see clearly. Lights were coming out of the robot. He felt that the being was communicating with him the entire time.
His friends and they are all in awe of the photos. He took the photos with a “twenty dollar) flip phone. There were several windows in the craft. He continued to snap photos and turned around and ran back to his house as he was in shock. Some of the photos that he took were of the being. The sighting lasted about 10 minutes in a clear sky
Additional Information: I just went to the same exact spot the being was 148 feet from where the photos were taken. The joints of the being appeared to not be connected as he levitated above the ground. It was almost like it was invisible then it would turn into a being that you could see clearly. He felt that the being was communicating with him the entire time.
Note:The witness comes across as quite sincere and credible in his interview. He recounted a very bizarre experience. Analysis has indicated that the photo that he sent is authentic and not fabricated. More photos may be submitted by the witness. Updates will be made if more information is submitted by the witness Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/
New Jersey UFO Landing
Chatsworth – On November 1, 2020, the narrow road was blocked between the trees by bright lights that appeared to be a UFO.
North Carolina Cylinder
Original image through a thermal scope at around 1830 EST. 21 NOV 2020, sky conditions clear, with plenty of stars visible. As far as I know, all local air traffic is accounted for and had appropriate marking lights in the sky. Location is central North Carolina
Worldwide UFO Sightings
Australia Light
Wallesend – On November 14, 2020, originally saw two orange like orb lights flying very low over houses moving north in unison. Got my phone out to film and only caught tail end of sighting which was flashing triangle shaped lights. Very similar to my first sighting documented from August 2020.
Canada Objects
Sorel-Tracy — Sunday, November 15th, I’m alone outside filming the sunrise. at6:40 am, on a rural road in a small town in Quebec, Canada. My camera Nikon Coolpix. is on a tripod in the middle of the street. I’m zooming to have a nice shoot and heard a strange t metallic sound and saw two long white lines flying horizontally about 150 feet from the two lights. They flew at about 12 to15 feet from the ground. I was surprised, and forgot about the incident until I downloaded the video. There is no mirror or glass in front of me to cause a reflection, nothing.
Poland Triangle
Warsaw – On August 8, 2020 very weird UFO object, looking like a calipers, caught on over Poland
Wołomin — .This object, cross shape, showed up on the 23rd of July 2020 over Poland. While making this picture the sky was clear and I didn’t see anything suspicious.
Portugal Disc
Oliveira de Frades — On November 16, 2020, he object was only seen in the photo I took! It is orange in color and at each end, a slightly darker circle that appears to be vitreous because it reflects sunlight. Below, in the center, it looks like something in shadow of the orange object.
UK/England Triangle
Winchester– On November 25, 2020, I had a strange feeling that something was there; it was a clear night so I looked up at the stars. What seemed to be a star blinked on and off!! Moved and did it again so I took loads of photos.
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Our research is uncovering amazing truths by solving challenging projects deemed too difficult by other firms. We have had some success in finding missing persons. We could use your help in getting more results from our research. I have put together a DVD of the last seventeen years of Filer’s Files for you with hundreds of great photographs and UFO sightings. Additionally, I have decided to include my book within the DVD that includes George Ritter’s exciting abduction story told by Linda Moulton Howe. Broadcaster David E. Twichell joined me to write the book. We are asking for a donation of only $50 that includes next year’s subscription and our book. Please include your e-mail address and mailing address.
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Filer’s Files is copyrighted 2015 by George A. Filer, all rights reserved. Readers may post the COMPLETE files on their Web Sites if they credit the newsletter and its editor by name, and list the date of issue. These reports and comments are not necessarily the OFFICIAL MUFON viewpoint. Send your letters to Majorstar Sending mail automatically grants permission for us to publish and use your name. Please state if you wish to keep your name or e-mail confidential. CAUTION MOST OF THESE ARE INITIAL REPORTS AND REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION. If you wish to stop receiving these files, please send a message to Majorstar
Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women; God Bless Our Troops, and Georgie, Elizabeth, and Victoria Filer, and Eddie Pedrick. May the Angels be your guide and take you to paradise.
Put another way, a young person in the U.S. is nearly 11 times as likely to die in a swimming pool than in a school shooting. Few public officials would say pools are doing a poor job protecting swimmers, but the statistics suggest that we need “more lifeguards at pools, as opposed to guards at schools,” Fox said
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
CAUTION MOST OF THESE ARE INITIAL REPORTS AND REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION. If you wish to stop receiving these files, please send a message to Majorstar@verizon.net.
Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women Georgie Filer and Eddie Pedrick my grandsons who both drowned. We pray that God will bless those who read these files spiritually.
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Green Beam Seen In Sky Over Tsukuba, Japan Dec 2, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Green Beam Seen In Sky Over Tsukuba, Japan Dec 2, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:Dec 2, 2020 Location of sighting: Tsukuba, Japan
A long green laser beam was seen in the sky over a Japanese city a few days ago. The fog was thick, but this light was still seen flashing in the sky. If it were a hand held laser pen, the laser would have a long continuous beam from the ground up and beyond. But the beam is short, too short. It's clear a UFO is in the sky over Tsukuba, and it seems to be intent on beaming something or someone to the ship.
Black Craft Seen Moving Across Moons Orbit! Dec 1, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Black Craft Seen Moving Across Moons Orbit! Dec 1, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 1, 2020
Location of sighting:Earths Moon
This UFO was recorded just a few days ago. It was seen crossing the moon. As its moving its also spinning slowly. Its turning its moving. Many UFO have similar movement and spinning, so yes, this is an alien craft. A satellite would have antennas and solar panels, this has none of that and its huge. This is 100% alien in origin.
White UFO Seen Over Power Lines In Messina, Italy, Dec 2, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
White UFO Seen Over Power Lines In Messina, Italy, Dec 2, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:Dec 2, 2020
Location of sighting: Strait of Messina, Italy
A white UFO was seen flying over the rooftops of the city of Messina, Italy this week. The UFO was moving over some power lines as if it were interested in the communications of internet, phone, TV shows that move through them. There are many UFO reports of craft seen near power lines so its not totally unexpected. Its clear aliens have an interest in humans and tapping into our communication networks is the easiest way to gather, record and learn about humanity and its current situation. This is a real UFO.
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Europe's largest telescope captures stunning images of the sun showing intricate details of sunspots and plasma unlike anything researchers had seen before
Europe's largest telescope captures stunning images of the sun showing intricate details of sunspots and plasma unlike anything researchers had seen before
Europe's largest telescope captured its first high-resolution images of the sun
It snapped solar magnetic fields taken at a wavelength 516 nanometers
The telescope was also able to take a picture sunspots at 430 nanometers
The team attributes this feat the coronavirus lockdown and new optics capable
The sun is blazing more than 93 million miles from Earth, but new images provide an up-close look of intricate structures as small as 30 miles across on its fiery surface.
Using the largest telescope in Europe, known as GREGOR, scientists captured stunning details of sunspot evolution and complex design of solar plasma.
These are the highest resolution images a European telescope has observed, which the team attributes to new optics capable of probing the massive star's magnetic fields, convection, solar eruptions and sunspots with great detail – unlike ever before.
The photographs show solar magnetic fields taken at a wavelength 516 nanometers and sunspots at 430 nanometers, which astronomers say it is 'as if one saw a needle on a soccer field perfectly sharp from a distance of one kilometer.'
Scroll down for video
Using the largest telescope in Europe, known as GREGOR, scientists captured stunning details of sunspot evolution and complex design of solar plasma. Pictured is a A sunspot observed in high resolution by the GREGOR telescope at the wavelength 430 nm
Our star is covered in numerous cell-like structures — each the size of the US state of Texas — that are the product of the violent convection motions that transport heat up from deep within the Sun's interior.
In each, hot plasma rises up in the bright center of the cell before cooling off and sinking back into the star to form dark lanes that can be seen by GREGOR – some have compared it to the look of popcorn.
Dr. Lucia Kleint, who led the project and the German solar telescopes on Tenerife, said: 'This was a very exciting, but also extremely challenging project. In only one year we completely redesigned the optics, mechanics, and electronics to achieve the best possible image quality.'
Kleint and her team made a breakthrough in March while under the coronavirus lockdown that allowed them to obtain the up-close look at the sun.
The photographs show solar magnetic fields taken at a wavelength 516 nanometers (pictured) and sunspots at 430 nanometers, which astronomers say it is 'as if one saw a needle on a soccer field perfectly sharp from a distance of one kilometer'
A sunspot observed in high resolution by the GREGOR telescope at the wavelength 430 nm. The stunning images follow the first light photos obtained in July by a team working with the Inouye Solar Telescope in Hawaii
The group was stranded at the observatory, allowing them time to design a new optical laboratory.
Dr. Svetlana Berdyugina, professor at the Albert-Ludwig University of Freiburg and Director of the Leibniz Institute for Solar Physics (KIS), is very happy about the outstanding results: 'The project was rather risky because such telescope upgrades usually take years, but the great team work and meticulous planning have led to this success.
'Now we have a powerful instrument to solve puzzles on the Sun.'
The stunning images follow the first light photos obtained in July by a team working with the Inouye Solar Telescope in Hawaii, which allows astronomers to analyze the details of the sun's surface and learn more about how space weather forms.
These are the highest resolution images a European telescope has observed, which the team attributes to new optics capable of probing the massive star's magnetic fields, convection, solar eruptions and sunspots with great detail – unlike ever before
The Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy president Matt Mountain said in July: 'On Earth, we can predict if it is going to rain pretty much anywhere in the world very accurately, but space weather just isn't there yet.'
Our predictions lag behind terrestrial weather by 50 years, if not more.'
'What we need is to grasp the underlying physics behind space weather, and this starts at the sun, which is what the Inouye Solar Telescope will study.'
The US National Science Foundation’s Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope, the largest solar observatory in the world, just released its first-ever image of a sunspot.
The image, taken in January 2020, is the sharpest image of a sunspot in history — and it looks absolutely terrifying.
“The sunspot image achieves a spatial resolution about 2.5 times higher than ever previously achieved, showing magnetic structures as small as 20 kilometers on the surface of the sun,” associate director at NSF’s National Solar Observatory Thomas Rimmele, lead author of the corresponding paper published in the journal Solar Physics, said in a statement.
A sunspot is a dark area on the Sun’s surface. Scientists suspected that they’re caused by magnetic field flux which cause surrounding areas to cool temporarily.
Their size can be extraordinary. The new Inouye image, for instance, is 10,000 miles across — large enough to fit the entire Earth comfortably inside it.
The image shows hot and cool gas emanating from the dark center while hot gases bubble up from below the surface. Despite being relatively cool, the dark areas in the center still measure above a toasty 7,500 degrees Fahrenheit.
Roughly every 11 Earth years, the Sun starts a new cycle of solar activity. The image represents one of the first sunspots of a solar cycle that began in December 2019.
Sunspots are similar to solar flares and coronal mass ejections, which are massive bursts of plasma and magnetic fields from the Sun’s corona, the outer part of its atmosphere.
These massive outbursts can be so violent, their effects on space weather can be felt all the way back on Earth, where they wreak havoc on power grids, GPS satellites, and even air travel.
In other words, studying these phenomena could help us refine our tools and make them more resistant to freak events in space weather.
Multiple UFOs seen over the Pyramids in Giza, Egypt 3-Dec-2020 VIDEO!
Multiple UFOs seen over the Pyramids in Giza, Egypt 3-Dec-2020 VIDEO!
This really interesting UFO video was caught on tape in Giza, Egypt in 3rd December 2020. It looks like a multiple bright “on fire” objects are flying in the sky above pyramids.
A photograph of what’s been identified by the United States’ Department of Defense (DoD) as “Unidentified Aerial Phenomena” has made its rounds through the Intelligence Community.
According to The Debrief, the leaked photo was in fact the same one that was a part of a 2018 intelligence position report that was provided by The Pentagon’s Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force (UAPTF). The photo was confirmed by two DoD officials as well as one person from the U.S. Intelligence Community (their identities have remained anonymous).
While The Debrief did contact Pentagon spokeswoman Susan Gough through an email inquiry for more clarification regarding the leaked photo, she responded with, “To maintain operations security and to avoid disclosing information that may be useful to potential adversaries, DOD does not discuss publicly the details of reports, observations or examinations of reported incursions into our training ranges or designated airspace, including those incursions initially designated as UAP.” I suppose that’s not surprising…
The image in question was taken off the East Coast of the United States back in 2018 by a backseat weapons systems operator with his cell phone while on board what is believed to be an F/A-18 fighter jet. The photo shows an “unidentified silver ‘cube-shaped’ object” that was just hovering without any motion over the ocean.
While the object does look similar to a GPS dropsonde, it is clearly missing the GPS receiver that hangs underneath the square cone-shaped parachute which pretty much debunks that theory. Even an expert from the National Center for Atmospheric Research’s Earth Observing Laboratory, In-situ Sensing Facility (ISF) Manager Terry Hock, doesn’t think that the object is a dropsonde. “In regards to the photo, while the image of the object is not clear, it certainly does not look like a dropsonde,” he said, adding, “because there are no signs of a dropsonde below the object where the object could potentially be a parachute, and it does not have the right shape.” He went on to say that if it was a dropsonde, there would have been an aircraft above it that would have dropped it.
He added that it looks most similar to a mylar balloon. He told The Debrief, “There are scientific research groups that do launch balloons which they refer to as drifters,” so that could be a possibility. Another theory is that it could have been a research balloon or a military radar-reflector although those seem unlikely as the object was totally motionless.
The three government sources also agreed that it was not a balloon but they wouldn’t go so far as to say that it was compelling evidence. You can decide for yourself whether or not the photograph is compelling evidence of a UFO as the image can be seen here.
A dropsonde is a small weather reconnaissance instrument developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
Former President Barack Obama appeared this week on “The Late Show with Stephen Colbert” and addressed the question that is on the minds of everyone when they’re not thinking about elections or viruses – what information does the U.S. government have on the real origin of UFOs and what does it have on extraterrestrials? Never one to appear caught off-guard, Obama first responded as a normal person who suddenly finds themselves in the White House and is in a position to play “Ask me anything” with the military and intelligence officials and expect a straight answer. When he asked them about UFOs and aliens, what response did he get?
Be careful with your answer, Barack.
“It used to be that UFOs and Roswell was the biggest conspiracy. And now that seems so tame, the idea that the government might have an alien spaceship.”
Obama downplayed the question – it’s true that we have so many far bigger problems these days than searching for alien spaceships. However, he got answers, and he gave Stephen Colbert an answer.
“Can’t tell you. Sorry.”
(Watch the clip here.) That shouldn’t be a surprise – former presidents are still under oath to protect classified information … and the revelation that UFOs are alien spaceships, secret enemy weapons or secret weapons of or own is obviously classified. Even former Senator Harry Reid, who championed disclosure when was in office, help set up a secret department to investigate UFOs and continues to push for UFO openness, backpedaled when stories came out this year that the government had pieces of alien spaceships in its possession that he himself saw. While Obama didn’t say ‘yes, they exist’, Colbert pointed out that he didn’t say no either
“Feel free to think that.”
Just because Obama didn’t give a detailed response doesn’t mean we should stop asking our leaders questions about UFOs and aliens. President Trump alluded to and eluded questions about them earlier this year – it could be that he doesn’t know or that the UFO code of silence shut down even this notoriously loquacious and off-the-cuff president. Nearly every Democratic candidate running for president this year was asked the same question by Conway Daily Sun reporter Daymond Steer, and many expressed interest in the subject and hinted at attempting disclosure if elected. No, Joe Biden wasn’t one of them, nor was Kamala Harris, but Pete Buttigieg was and he’s expected to be part of Biden’s staff. Of course, John Podesta was part of Obama’s staff and at the end of his term said he regretted not doing more in the area of disclosure, and promised to do more if Hillary Clinton was elected. We know how that turned out.
If its Colbert, just say “Sorry.”
While Obama was president, Jimmy Kimmel, another late night talk show host (see a trend here?) asked him about UFOs and he answered “I can’t reveal anything” and the reason he gave, seemingly jokingly, was “The aliens won’t let it happen. You’d reveal all their secrets, and they exercise strict control over us.”
“Above the clouds, where the white disc had been, was now a giant red ball. It was big and bright and just sat there above the clouds … We weren’t on a collision course and we also weren’t gaining on it … it vanished behind the clouds … The instant it fully disappeared, hundreds of lights began flashing from within the clouds … the section of the cloud that the glowing red ball had descended behind was starting to stretch apart … two halves being pulled slowly apart with the middle getting thinner and thinner. This continued until the halves grew so thin that it tore apart and, pop! Everything was gone.”
While he won’t reveal secrets, his personal pilot did. Andrew Danziger was presidential candidate Obama’s pilot in 2008 and in 2015 revealed a UFO encounter he had in 1989. Did he tell Obama about it and make him promise to look it u if he was elected? If he didn’t he should have. Would he have gotten a response?
“The aliens won’t let it happen.”
For now, our best hope for full disclosure continues to lie in the hands of late-night comedians.
Asteroid space capsule completes 5 billion kilometre mission, touching down in a blaze of light in outback South Australia
Asteroid space capsule completes 5 billion kilometre mission, touching down in a blaze of light in outback South Australia
Japan's Hayabusa2 lit up the skies above South Australia early on Sunday morning.(Twitter: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency / Collection Team M)
A space capsule has landed in a blaze of light in the South Australian outback after travelling more than 5 billion kilometres on a six-year mission to collect samples from a faraway asteroid.
Key points:
Early on Sunday, the capsule turned into a fireball 120 kilometres above earth
It landed near Woomera, with authorities locating it after an aerial search
Scientists hope the collected samples explain how the Earth was made habitable
Scientists hope the mission will help answer some of the most fundamental questions about how our solar system formed and where elements, such as water, came from.
The Hayabusa2 spacecraft had successfully released the small capsule on Saturday and sent it toward Earth to deliver samples from a distant asteroid that could provide clues to the origin of the solar system and life on our planet, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) said.
Early on Sunday the capsule briefly turned into a fireball as it re-entered the atmosphere 120km above Earth.
At about 10km above ground, a parachute was to open to slow its fall.
Beacon signals confirmed it landed safety in South Australia's Woomera Prohibited Area.
The capsule was later located by helicopter, JAXA said in a tweet.
Officials hope to retrieve the capsule by Sunday evening before a preliminary safety inspection at a Australian lab and bring it home early next week.
'I've waited for this day for six years'
Project members celebrated the landing at JAXA mission control in Sagamihara, near Tokyo.(JAXA Via AP)
JAXA's Hayabusa2 project manager Yuichi Tsuda was watching the landing with his colleagues from a command centre near Tokyo.
"It was great … It was a beautiful fireball, and I was so impressed," he said.
The spectacle was also viewed by locals and visitors in Coober Pedy, South Australia.
"It was a big red, like a bubble and it was bigger than I thought it would be."
1 gram of material 'enough' to answer science's questions
Launch of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Hayabusa2 space mission in 2014.(JAXA)
Launched from Japan's Tanegashima Space Centre in 2014, it took four years for the Hayabusa2 spacecraft to reach its destination — the lumpy, diamond-shaped asteroid Ryugu.
Scientists said the asteroid was an example of the kind of meteorite that may have struck the early Earth to deliver the water and organic materials that make our planet habitable.
Australian National University space rock expert Trevor Ireland, who is in Woomera for the arrival of the capsule, said he expected the Ryugu samples to be similar to the meteorite that fell in Australia near Murchison in Victoria more than 50 years ago.
"The Murchison meteorite opened a window on the origin of organics on Earth because these rocks were found to contain simple amino acids as well as abundant water," Dr Ireland said.
A view of Ryugu showing the ridge around its 'equator' (yellow arrows) and a trough (blue arrows) extending to the south pole.
The spacecraft spent more than a year on the asteroid, where it picked up about a gram of space dirt.
Five antennas, four marine radar stations and a winged drone were in place to help scientists track the capsule down.
For Hayabusa2, it is not the end of the mission it started in 2014.
It is now heading to a small asteroid called 1998KY26 on a journey slated to take 10 years one way, for possible research including finding ways to prevent meteorites from hitting Earth.
Japanse ruimtecapsule met asteroïdemonsters geland in Australische woestijn
Na een reis door de ruimte van ruim 5 miljard kilometer is de capsule met monsters van asteroïde Ryugy op aarde geland. Dat maakte het Japanse ruimtevaartagentschap Jaxa zaterdagavond Belgische tijd bekend, op basis van de radiosignalen die ze heeft ontvangen.
Image: JAXA An artistic rendering of Hayabusa2’s sample capsule landing on Earth
De capsule landde in de woestijn in de buurt van Woomera, een dorpje in het zuiden van Australië. Japan heeft een helikopter ter plaatse gestuurd om de capsule te zoeken.
De capsule vertrok van de sonde Hayabusa 2 op een afstand van 220.000 kilometer van de aarde. De capsule bevat materiaal dat 4,6 miljard jaar oud is, van de vroegste momenten van het zonnestelsel.
De missie startte in december 2014 met de lancering van Hayabusa 2 vanuit Japan. Die sonde is nu op weg naar een andere asteroïde nabij de aarde, die ze moet bereiken in ongeveer tien jaar.
Een voorloper van de Hayabusa 2 bracht in 2010 voor het eerst monsters van de bodem van een asteroïde naar de aarde
A capsule is carrying samples from the Ryugu asteroid. Photograph: Jaxa/Jiji Press/AFP/Getty Images
Japanse capsule keert vandaag terug naar aarde met asteroïdemonsters
Na een reis door de ruimte van ruim 5 miljard kilometer heeft de Japanse ruimtesonde Hayabusa 2 een capsule naar de aarde gestuurd met monsters van asteroïde Ryugy. Verwacht wordt dat die zaterdag door de atmosfeer van de aarde zal vliegen en zal landen.
De capsule is succesvol vertrokken van de sonde op een afstand van 220.000 kilometer van de aarde, zegt het Japanse ruimtevaartagentschap Jaxa. De capsule bevat materiaal dat 4,6 miljard jaar oud is, van de vroegste momenten van het zonnestelsel, zei de missiemanager van Jaxa, Makoto Yoshikawa, vorige week.
De capsule zal de atmosfeer van de aarde naar verwachting 's avonds bereiken. Vervolgens zal ze afremmen, als de hitte toeneemt, en zal een parachute openen, op ongeveer 10 kilometer van de grond. Dat moet gebeuren rond 18.30 uur Belgische tijd.
De capsule, die amper 40 centimeter groot is, wordt verondersteld om op de aarde te landen tussen 18.47 en 18.57 uur Belgische tijd in de woestijn in de buurt van Woomera, een dorpje in het zuiden van Australië. Daarna vertrekt de capsule naar Japan, waar ze vanaf juni zal geanalyseerd worden.
De spectaculaire landing zal het einde betekenen van een missie die in december 2014 van start was gegaan met de lancering van Hayabusa 2 vanuit Japan. Hayabusa 2 is nu op weg naar een andere asteroïde nabij de aarde, die ze moet bereiken in ongeveer tien jaar.
Een voorloper van de Hayabusa 2 bracht in 2010 voor het eerst monsters van de bodem van een asteroïde naar de aarde.
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New footage of Arecibo Observatory collapsing in the jungle of Puerto Rico shows the moment its main cables snapped and sent a massive platform hurling to the ground - triggering a reaction that led to its destruction.
Drones were investigating cables around the telescope when the restraints failed and dropped the 900-ton platform onto to the reflector dish 400 feet below.
In one of the videos, the platform begins swaying in the air before letting out a loud roar as it dislodged from the supporting cable and snapping into pieces as it dropped.
The second part of the clip is a view of the cables at the top of a support tower, which shows a group of frayed wires and an empty spot where cables were that had previously failed this year.
One of the cables begins to strain and then violently flies out of its support, creating a cloud of smoke and debris.
The drone pans to the left and captures the catastrophic event of the fallen platform, catwalk and azimuth arm.
Devastating footage of Arecibo Observatory collapsing in the jungle of Puerto Rico shows the moment the telescope’s main cables snapped and sent a massive platform hurling to the ground
The collapse occurred around 8am local time Tuesday that scientists stunned who relied on what was once the world’s largest telescope to uncover cosmic wonders in deep space.
Ramon Lugo, director of the Florida Space Institute at the University of Central Florida, which manages the 57-year-old radio telescope for the National Science Foundation (NSF), told Daily Mail.com in an email: ‘Well when I got the call the morning I felt like throwing up... then I felt very sad.'
‘I have worked with this team for almost 3 years... we have accomplished a lot, now there is uncertainty. I feel bad for the staff, some have spent their entire careers at the Observatory. I feel like I let them down.’
The National Science Foundation (NSF) released the footage of the collapse Thursday, which shows two different views of the event.
The first clip provides a view looking up at the platform and begins with the massive structure still attached to the cable. It begins to sway, which is when the main cable snapped from one of the three surrounding support towers
The platform breaks away from the cable, splits into pieces and disappears from the frame
The first clip provides a view looking up at the platform and begins with the massive structure still attached to the cable.
It begins to sway, which is when the main cable snapped from one of the three surrounding support towers.
The platform breaks away from the cable, splits into pieces and disappears from the frame.
Moments after, the tops of the towers, some which measure 60 feet long, tumble over from the pressure
The second portion of the video shared by NSF provides an up-close look at the main cable breaking from the top of Tower 4. The clip shows two cables are missing, both failed this year, and the main cable appears to be slowly fraying apart
Moments after, the tops of the towers, some which measure 60 feet long, tumble over from the pressure.
John Abruzzo, managing principal of Thornton Tomasetti, was sent in with a team to assess the collapse and said it involved ‘some violent and unpredicted behavior,’ Gizmodo reports.
The second portion of the video shared by NSF provides an up-close look at the main cable breaking from the top of Tower 4.
The telescope was built in the 1960s with money from the Defense Department amid a push to develop anti-ballistic missile defenses (pictured taken Nov. 19)
The middle of the three remaining cables violent breaks off from the Tower, which seems to have snapped another supporting the catwalk– triggering the entire structure to collapse
Scientists said they were aware of a deteriorating situation and notified NSF on Monday about their concerns that Arecibo would collapse this week
The clip shows two cables are missing, both failed this year, and the main cable appears to be slowly fraying apart.
Abruzzo said that each cable is made of 170 wires.
The middle of the three remaining cables violent breaks off from the Tower, which seems to have snapped another supporting the catwalk– triggering the entire structure to collapse.
Lugo said he and his team were aware of a deteriorating situation and notified NSF on Monday about their concerns that Arecibo would collapse this week.
Arecibo Observatory radio telescope in Puerto Rico played a key role in astronomical discoveries for more than half a century has collapsed
The giant telescope was also used in programs that search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) because its location provided scientists access to one-third of the cosmos
Arecibo Observatory was built in the 1960s with money from the Defense Department amid a push to develop anti-ballistic missile defenses
It is famous for detecting whirling pulsars, capturing geological features of Mars and helping astronomers discover the near-Earth asteroid Bennu, along with making an appearance in the 1995 James Bond film GoldenEye.
The giant telescope was also used in programs that search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) because its location provided scientists access to one-third of the cosmos.
SETI Institute gave the telescope a personal, Seth Shostak, Senior Astronomert wrote: 'Losing Arecibo is like losing a big brother. While life will continue, something powerful and profoundly wonderful is gone.’
Arecibo Observatory suffered another failure in August when an auxiliary cable broke that resulted in a 100-foot gash on the 1,000-foot-wide dish and damaged the receiver platform that hung above it.
The NFS said crews who evaluated the structure after the first incident, but determined that the remaining cables could handle the additional weight.
While the observatory was awaiting delivery of two replacement auxiliary cables, as well as two temporary cables, another main cable broke on the same tower on November 6.
Arecibo Observatory suffered another failure in August when an auxiliary cable broke that resulted in a 100-foot gash on the 1,000-foot-wide dish and damaged the receiver platform that hung above it. But another cable failed this month, which led to the devastating collapse
This tore a new hole in the dish and damaged nearby cables, leading officials to warn that the entire structure could collapse.
Ralph Gaume, director of NSF's Division of Astronomical Sciences, said: 'Leadership at Arecibo Observatory and UCF did a commendable job addressing this situation, acting quickly and pursuing every possible option to save this incredible instrument.'
'In the end, a preponderance of data showed that we simply could not do this safely and that is a line we cannot cross.'
ARECIBO OBSERVATORY HISTORY
1963: Arecibo Ionospheric Observatory Commissioned for service on November 1 for $9.7 million.
1965: One of its first accomplishments was establishing the rotation rate of Mercury, which turned out to be 59 days rather than the previously estimated 88 days.
1968: Sporadic radio pulses from the direction of the Crab Nebula supernova remnant found at Green Bank were shown by Arecibo to come from a 33-ms period pulsar situated at the centre of the nebula.
1974: New high precision surface reflector installed, planetary radar transmitter installed.
1974: The first pulsar in a binary system was discovered, leading to important confirmation of Einstein's theory of general relativity and a Nobel Prize 1993 for astronomers Russell Hulse and Joseph Taylor.
1974: On 16 November, the 'Arecibo message' was broadcast into space toward the globular star cluster M13 25,000 light years away.
The message's main purpose was to demonstrate the capabilities of newly installed equipment in the upgraded radio telescope and was an attempt to contact extraterrestrial intelligence.
1979: A large, anomalous travelling ionospheric disturbance (that is, an upper atmosphere wave) moving southeast to northwest was detected in the early morning hours - something researchers had never before witnessed. Data helped define the probable cause as an air nuclear blast over the Indian Ocean.
1981: First radar maps of the geologic surface of Venus are produced.
1982: The discovery of strong 'megamaser' emission from the hydroxyl (OH) molecule in the starburst galaxy Arp 220 (IC 4553).
1982: The discovery of millisecond pulsars, which rotate several hundred times per second. This demonstrated the existence of two classes of pulsars - the millisecond pulsars and the slower-rotating pulsars, which rotate about once per second.
1989: The first measurement of hydrogen escape flux from Earth is presented, based on velocity distribution measurements of the hydrogen airglow emission in the upper atmosphere.
Early 90s: The first planets outside the solar system were discovered around Pulsar B1257+12, a rapidly rotating pulsar with three Earth-like planets in orbit.
1992: In October, ice is discovered in shadowed craters at Mercury's north pole. Later observations show ice in south pole craters as well.
1996: A layer of helium ions is shown to be a common, but previously unrecognised feature in the low-latitude ionosphere near 600 km.
1998: Arecibo Observatory 'found' the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft on July 28, after it lost communications with European Space Agency and NASA,. by bouncing a radar signal off the satellite. SOHO's mission was resumed and continues to produce data today.
May 2000: Radar Observations of Asteroid 216 Kleopatra reveal a 'dog bone' shaped metal-rich object.
September 2000: Discovery that 2000 DP107 was the first near-Earth asteroid identified by radar as a binary system. The primary is roughly spherical with a diameter of a half mile and the smaller secondary, which orbits it in 1.8 days, is about 1000 feet.
2003: Evidence for hydrocarbon lakes on the Saturn satellite Titan is established using the Observatory planetary radar.
April 2004: Installation of the Arecibo L-band Feed Array, enabling a wide variety of astronomical surveys including discovering pulsars, mapping the gas in our Galaxy, and searches for other galaxies.
2005-2012: Radar imaging of Mars reveals lava flows and near-surface geologic features not seen in visible images. This provides new insights into Mars surface geology.
2006: Search for water ice in the permanent shadow of the lunar Shackleton Crater disputes evidence for water ice on the lunar surface.
October 2006: Radar images of the south pole of the moon reveal no evidence for thick deposits of ice.
November 2006: Radar images of binary asteroid (66391) 1999 KW4 in May 2001 and again in June 2002 reveal exotic physical and dynamical properties which may be common among near-Earth binaries.
March 2007: Radar images of Mercury reveal features to be studied further by the Messenger spacecraft over the next several years.
2007: The near-Earth asteroid 2005 PH5 was observed to be increasing in spin rate, due to non-uniform absorption and emission of solar radiation.
2007: Previously undetected radio lines of the molecule hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and the presence of the molecule methanimine (CH2NH), were recently discovered in the distant 'starburst galaxy' Arp 220.
February 2008: Discovery of the first triple asteroid system among the near-Earth asteroids. The asteroid, 2001 SN263, is about 1.5 miles in diameter, with two moons orbiting it.
2008–2012: Observations discover a radio outburst in the nearby galaxy NGC 660, ten times brighter than a radio supernova.
2011: Observations of brown dwarfs find the coldest star to show radio emission.
November 2011: Radar imaging of near-Earth asteroid 2005 YU55, which made a very close flyby. This dark, spheroidal asteroid was found to be about 1,148 feet in diameter.
2012: An ion-neutral chemistry model is developed to successfully describe thin layers of neutral metal atoms at above 62 miles altitudes.
Wat zit er achter de mysterieuze monolieten die overal opduiken?
Toen er een enorme metalen monoliet verscheen in een afgelegen deel van de woestijn in het zuidoosten van Utah veroorzaakte dat een sensatie. Vervolgens verdween het object plotseling. Er dook ook een soortgelijke monoliet op in Roemenië, maar ook die verdween. Op woensdag is een derde monoliet ontdekt in Californië. Niemand weet wie ze heeft gemaakt en of de drie monolieten dezelfde herkomst hebben.
Het begon allemaal toen een bioloog vorige maand vanuit een helikopter een groot object zag. Het leek rechtstreeks afkomstig te zijn uit de film ‘2001: A Space Odyssey’. “We vlogen er precies overheen,” zei piloot Bret Hutchings tegen de lokale zender KSL. “Eén van de biologen zag het en riep dat we om moesten keren.” De piloot schatte dat de zuil tussen de 3 en 3,5 meter hoog was.
Midden tussen het rode gesteente stak een vreemde metalen monoliet uit de grond. Hij leek niet te zijn achtergelaten, maar in de grond te zijn geplaatst. Internetspeurders ontdekten waar hij zich precies bevond en kwamen tot de conclusie dat hij ergens tussen augustus 2015 en oktober 2016 was verschenen.
De monoliet uit Utah leek vervolgens zomaar te zijn verdwenen, tot twee mannen beweerden dat ze hem hadden weggehaald. Sylvan Christensen en Andy Lewis plaatsten zelfs een video op YouTube waarin te zien is hoe ze de monoliet weghalen.
Nog één
Kort nadat de monoliet in Utah was ontdekt, dook er nog één op in Roemenië. Dit exemplaar, dat donkerder van kleur was en leek te zijn voorzien van concentrische ringen, zou inmiddels ook verdwenen zijn. “Het 2,8 meter hoge bouwwerk verdween van de ene op de andere dag,” schreef journalist Robert Iosub van de lokale krant Ziar Piatra Neamt.
Er is nu zelfs een derde monoliet gevonden in Californië, bovenop Pine Mountain in Atascadero, zo liet Connor Allen woensdag weten. Wandelaars trokken massaal naar de plek om een glimp van de metalen zuil op te vangen. Allen maakte de volgende foto’s:
Waar komen de monolieten vandaan en van wie zijn ze?
Guys a fourth monolith appeared on a sidewalk in San Antonio, Texas in front of a Lab today. They say its made of wood thats been painted silver, but who knows? As always, it seems to be too popular and the Americans are making jokes, memes and even fakes to get publicity and attention. I'm not sure why more fakes are being made of UFO, alien, ghost and even monolith videos and photos, but one thing is clear, if its from the US...I remain a bit skeptical about it. Well, with covid ruining the world, killing millions, its easy to understand how people need a few good laughs and need to blow off some steam to relax. I have to admit, the zoo posting the monolith with the hippos was extremely cute and funny.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
News states:
Social media images show the Alamo City’s version of the odd figure located on the North Side, tucked on a street in the back of the San Antonio International Airport.It is situated outside Canopener Labs, a business located in the 1200 block of Safari. The silver monolith first appeared on Thursday night, and by Friday morning, news crews had flocked to the site, according to employees with Canopener Labs.It is made of wood but spray painted silver to look similar to the metal objects seen elsewhere that have taken social media by storm.
New 3rd Monolith In California Found! Probes Sent Before Alien Invasion? Dec 3, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
New 3rd Monolith In California Found! Probes Sent Before Alien Invasion? Dec 3, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of discovery:Dec 3, 2020 Location of discovery: California, USA
After mysterious monoliths were discovered and then vanished in Utah and Romania, a third metallic obelisk has appeared in California. It is more than three metres tall and is an upturned triangular prism. According to reports, the California monolith was not firmly attached to the ground, unlike Utah's. And from what I just heard moments ago...the California monolith is now gone. Yes you heard me correctly. However I do need to find sources to confirm that.
Whats this all mean? Remember when I said one was not an alien invasion? Well, three in three different parts of the world is a good start to probing the environment to a future invasion point. This is getting a bit creepy.
UFO Seen During Flight From Tijuana to Morelia, Mexico Dec 3, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Seen During Flight From Tijuana to Morelia, Mexico Dec 3, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 3, 2020 Location of sighting: Between Tijuana and Morelia, Mexico
The eyewitness was looking out the plane window when a white fist-like UFO passed under the plane. The object which looks like a clenched fist in a white glove passes through some clouds. This means its not a light reflection from inside the plane overhead compartments. The object is outside he plane and even below some of the clouds. But its big, really big, as big or bigger than the passenger jet itself. I would have loved to see the expression on the pilots face when he saw that! 100% proof that huge white UFOs are patrolling over Mexico.
Orb Follows Plane! Orb Fleet Over Los Angeles, California On Nov 29, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Orb Follows Plane! Orb Fleet Over Los Angeles, California On Nov 29, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Nov 29, 2020
Location of sighting: Los Angeles, California, USA
This person recorded an entire orb fleet passing overhead in Los Angeles. However there is also a passing jet low and coming into an airport. The jet has an orb about 2 meters in front of it the whole time! The quality is bad, and the person didn't notice the orb in front of the plane, but its easy to see. Because its in front of the plane, I realize its not only a UFO, but the old Foo Fighter UFOs seen during WWII. Good to see they are back. You are wondering why the pilot didn't report it? Because, they don't want to jeopardize their job in an already hazardous covid ridden job market. Why risk your career on a single UFO report? Pilots get fired for less.
I’ve captured footage of a device that was detonated by the sun which caused a huge explosion.!!!!
Join me and others as we explore the existence of a world that has been kept in the shadows for far too long. A world that has been dismissed as nonexistent. Together we embark on a journey that has never been so important than right now, as we face the greatest awakening that has ever been known to mankind.
An awakening of the mind, spirit, body and soul. Some have spoken about the vastness of space and some have shown what exists in this vastness. Unlike those who have gone before us, we are now leading the way. My brothers and sisters, my friends and family and to all of those who feel these words within their being… It is time!
The Utah Monolith, What It Means, Why It Matters, and Whether It's Aliens
The Utah Monolith, What It Means, Why It Matters, and Whether It's Aliens
The Utah Monolith, What It Means, Why It Matters, and Whether It’s Aliens
In which John discusses a metal obelisk that stood for years unnoticed in the Utah desert before being discovered by some wildlife biologists, whereupon the monolith quickly disappeared. Also discussed: contemporary art in deserts, Gertrude Stein’s essay What Are Masterpieces and Why Are There So Few of Them, and John’s ongoing obsession with that one line from The Great Gatsby.
Unless otherwise noted, footage of the obelisk is from the Bureau of Land Management or the Utah Department of Natural Resources.
UFO Researcher Says He Saw Robbie Williams On A Spaceship
UFO Researcher Says He Saw Robbie Williams On A Spaceship
UFO researcher claims he met singer-songwriter Robbie Williams on a spaceship after aliens abducted him on Bradford’s outskirts.
Russ Kellett, a former Bradford businessman, said aliens abducted him when he was on his motorbike driving from a friend’s home to his home in Bingley.
Mr Kellett, 57, said he was near Druid’s Altar when he was brought to a military unit.
Detailing his experience, Mr Kellett said he went through a tunnel and winded up in a room with tall, bald aliens. He described these aliens as human-like 10 feet tall. He also saw smaller ones, and they all looked similar.
Mr Kellett, who now resides in Filey, North Yorkshire, stated he was placed in a chair and was given an injection in the back of his neck.
He was panic-stricken after seeing a tube into his mouth and down his throat.
He was then put in another room and provided a uniform and weapons.
During flashbacks, Mr Kellett started recalling the event. He remembered being in a military unit, preparing for a mission.
He said Williams was behind him, and they had helmets on, ready to go on a mission.
Mr Kellett said he looked at him and tried to confirm if he was Robbie Williams, but an alien shouted, ‘get back in line!’
Mr Kellett, who initially didn’t want to share his story as some people told him it was “too far-fetched,” said he’s not the only one to have experienced alien abduction and more than you think have been through the same experiences.
He’s currently working on a book about the alien abduction.
Linda Moulton Howe: Secret Underground Antarctica Base Discovered! It Was Buried Beneath The Ice!
Linda Moulton Howe: Secret Underground Antarctica Base Discovered! It Was Buried Beneath The Ice!
Linda Moulton Howe: It Was Buried Beneath The Ice of Antarctica!
Could secret underground alien bases really exist in Antarctica? Well, according to special force soldiers the answer is a resounding YES!
Linda Moulton Howe interviews Brian “S” Linda received an email from a now 61-year-old Navy officer who was in Antarctica – his C130 crew encountered high strangeness from 1984/85 to 1987. Several times he and the crew all watched silver discs darting around the sky. He said he saw an entrance to a human/ET collaboration base. Brian was told by his superiors that, “you did not see…”.
David Wilcock: Military Officers Saw UFO With Aliens That Wore Egyptian Like Headdresses
David Wilcock: Military Officers Saw UFO With Aliens That Wore Egyptian Like Headdresses
David Wilcock: Military Officers Saw UFO With Aliens That Wore Egyptian Like Headdresses!
Military officer’s filmed a strange craft land on the Tarmac of the Air Force Base before engaging the occupants. They didn’t expect the beings to look like that!
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04-12-2020
Mysterious Discovery Below the Bermuda Triangle
Mysterious Discovery Below the Bermuda Triangle
Darrell Miklos uses secret maps created by his ex-NASA astronaut pal Gordon Cooper to unearth shipwrecks. But during one of these trawls, intrepid explorer Darrell stumbled across huge mysterious structures that he thinks could change how we view our place in the universe forever.
The huge unidentified submerged “spaceship” is covered in 15 unusual “protrusions” — which Darrell describes as “unlike anything I have ever seen”. The mystery objects were found lying on the seabed near the Bahamas — within the notorious 1.3million km watery grave known as the Bermuda Triangle
Graham Hancock: Incredible Ancient Knowledge Lost To Time.. Was Humanity Reset?
Graham Hancock: Incredible Ancient Knowledge Lost To Time.. Was Humanity Reset?
It’s often been said that those who forget the lessons of the past are doomed to repeat them. But what if we have forgotten an entire, hugely important episode in human history? Myths and legends from all over the world insist that a great civilization that was technologically advanced, powerful and wise existed in deep antiquity but was wiped from the face of the earth when it “angered the gods”.
Research and author Graham Hancock delve into the incredible ancient knowledge of our ancestors which was lost to the great flood.
NASA Scientist Trolls Us Saying They Are Close To Finding Alien Life, But Russia Already Found It! UFO Sighting News.
Alien Disk Made Ring In Clouds Over Kediri City in Java, Indonesia, Nov 30, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Nov 30, 2020 Location of sighting: Kediri, Indonesia
The eyewitness caught a rare sighting of a ring in the clouds. These are made from UFOs pressing down from above on the area of clouds and making the UFO shape. Here we see not a disk UFO but a ring shaped UFO. Ring UFOs have been seen on SOHO sun cameras, Space station live cams, and much more. They exist...but this one is huge! About 1km in diameter. This is an alien mothership over Indonesia last week. I will place some photos below of ring UFOs near our sun and near the space station.
Leaked photo from Pentagon UFO task force shows 'silver cube' hovering over the Atlantic at 35,000ft - as classified reports reveal concerns 'aliens' could be operating beneath the world's seas
Leaked photo from Pentagon UFO task force shows 'silver cube' hovering over the Atlantic at 35,000ft - as classified reports reveal concerns 'aliens' could be operating beneath the world's seas
New report reveals activities of DoD's Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force
Two 'position reports' circulated in intelligence community in 2018 and this year
Both included photos taken from the cockpits of U.S. military fighter jets
One leaked photo shows an unidentified 'cube-shaped' object hovering
Another is described as showing a triangular craft with lights on its corners
Pilots say the triangular object emerged from the open ocean and shot into air
It adds to speculation that unidentified craft are operating underwater
Officially, Pentagon refuses to comment on Unidentified Aerial Phenomena
The existence of two classified Pentagon reports on UFOs has been revealed, the contents of which include a leaked photo depicting a mysterious object hovering over the Atlantic.
The DoD's Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force issued the two classified intelligence 'position reports' in 2018 and the summer of this year, and they circulated widely in the U.S. intelligence community, according to a detailed account from The Debrief based on interviews with multiple intelligence sources.
The position reports' startling contents included a leaked photo that has never before been made public, accounts of 'Unidentified Aerial Phenomena' (UAP) emerging from the ocean and soaring through the sky, and an admission that extraterrestrial origins for the objects cannot be ruled out.
'These revelations are extraordinary, and give the public a genuine peek behind the curtain when it comes to how the US government is handling the UFO issue,' Nick Pope, who investigated UFOs for the UK Ministry of Defence, told DailyMail.com.
'What this new information does is confirm that the US government is taking the UFO phenomenon more seriously than ever before,' he added. 'I anticipate further revelations shortly.'
The Pentagon did not immediately respond to an inquiry from DailyMail.com requesting confirmation of the existence of the two position reports, as well as the authenticity of a leaked cockpit photo included in one of the reports.
This leaked photo, published by The Debrief on Thursday, was included in the 2018 position report, two DoD and one intelligence source told the outlet
The photo was previously described as depicting an 'unidentified silver 'cube-shaped' object' hovering over the ocean at an altitude of roughly 30,000 to 35,000
The leaked photo, published by The Debrief on Thursday, was included in the 2018 position report, two DoD and one intelligence source told the outlet.
The leaked photo was was captured in 2018 off the East Coast of the United States by a military pilot using his cell phone camera, the sources said.
The photo was previously described as depicting an 'unidentified silver 'cube-shaped' object' hovering over the ocean at an altitude of roughly 30,000 to 35,000.
It appears that the image was captured by the backseat weapons systems operator of what appears to be an F/A-18 fighter jet.
Experts were baffled by the photo, but noted that the object somewhat resembles a GPS dropsonde, an atmospheric profiling device designed to be dropped from aircraft, typically over a hurricane.
The object is shaped similar to the parachute on a dropsonde (above) -- but the atmospheric devices plunge quickly toward earth, and no GPS transponder is seen dangling below the object
However, the object in the photo does not have the GPS transponder dangling from it as a dropsonde does -- and dropsondes plunge toward the Earth at 10 to 12 meters per second, rather than hover in the air.
It is possible that the object is some other kind of weather balloon -- but the Pentagon task force found it baffling enough to include in their report.
The 2018 report is said to have provided a general overview of the UAP topic and included details of previous military encounters, as well as a frank admission that the origin of many UAP could not be determined.
As well as offering a list of other, more prosaic explanations, the report expressly stated there was a legitimate possibility that UAP represented 'alien' or 'non-human' technology.
Even more shocking were the revelations contained in a second, revised report issued by the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force earlier this year.
The report delved deeply into the possibility that UAP are able to freely move both through the air and underwater, zipping through the ocean undetected and emerging into the air at incredible speeds.
The report contained an 'extremely clear' photograph of an unidentifiable triangular aircraft that emerged from the ocean in front of a F/A-18 Hornet fighter pilot, sources told The Debrief.
An artist's recreation (above) shows the image in the 2020 report as described by sources: a large equilateral triangle with rounded edges and large, spherical white 'lights' in each corner
Researcher Dave Beaty created this image to depict the object as described by sources who had seen the report from the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force
That photo has not been leaked publicly, but artist and researcher Dave Beaty's recreation shows it as described by sources: a large equilateral triangle with rounded or 'blunted' edges and large, perfectly spherical white 'lights' in each corner.
The encounter occurred off the East Coast in 2019, according to officials who had seen the latest report.
Two officials said said the photo was taken after the triangular craft emerged from the ocean and shot straight upwards.
Officials say the latest report focused specifically on the possibility of 'transmedium' craft that are able to operate both underwater and in the air.
It is not the first time that military sightings have suggested the existence of transmedium UAP.
In 2017, former Navy Commander David Fravor spoke out about the infamous USS Nimitz 'Tic Tac' encounter that occurred over the Pacific in 2004.
Fravor says he was flying in an F/A-18F Super Hornet when he made visual contact with the object, which seemed to be just below the water, before it emerged and sped out of sight when he tried to approach it.
The object was smooth, white and oblong, and had no visible wings or engines, Fravor said. He told the New York Times the experience left him 'pretty weirded out.'
2004 video shows Navy pilot tracking UFO over Pacific
Navy Commander David Fravor and Lieutenant Commander Jim Slaight had been flying about 100 miles off the coast of San Diego (pictured) in each of their F/A-18F Super Hornets (pictured) when they encountered an unidentified flying object described as a 'Tic Tac'
In August of this year, the Pentagon officially acknowledged the existence of the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force, which authored the two newly revealed reports.
'The Department of Defense and the military departments take any incursions by unauthorized aircraft into our training ranges or designated airspace very seriously and examine each report,' the Pentagon said in a statement at the time.
However, an internal email obtained by The Debrief shows that almost one year before the DoD's announcement, the highest levels of the U.S. military were already being briefed on UAP.
The email, obtained through a FOIA request, shows an October 16th, 2019 exchange between former Vice Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Robert Burke, and current Vice Chief of Staff for the Air Force, General Stephen 'Steve' Wilson.
Admiral Burke tells General Wilson: 'Recommend you take the brief I just received from our Director of Naval Intelligence VADM Matt Kohler, on Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP). SECNAV [Secretary of the Navy] will get the same brief tomorrow at 1000.'
In a 2019 email, former Vice Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Robert Burke (left) advised current Vice Chief of Staff for the Air Force, General Stephen 'Steve' Wilson (right) to take a briefing he had just received regarding Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP)
The 'SECNAV' would have been then-Secretary of the Navy, Richard V. Spencer, who was fired about a month later over disputes about the court-martial of Navy SEAL Eddie Gallagher.
Last year, the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence received its own classified briefing on UAP -- and the committee has asked the Pentagon to release an unclassified report on such encounters. The request is not binding, however.
'People knew the Senate Intelligence committee had demanded a report from the Director of National Intelligence, and that an Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon task Force has been set up,' Nick Pope, the British UFO expert, explained to DailyMail.com.
'What we now have is an insight into what's going on behind the scenes, and what this task force has been doing,' he added.
'I was genuinely surprised to see some of this information in an open source publication and I think some people within the defense and intelligence community are sailing very close to the wind here in discussing matters that are highly classified,' said Pope. 'I wouldn't be surprised if there's a leak inquiry going on at the Pentagon over this.'
While the intelligence community is required to grant Congress access to classified information, only the executive branch has the authority to declassify national security information in order to make it public.
'President Trump has hinted he knows some great secret about UFOs, that he might declassify,' said Pope. 'This might turn out to be the ultimate monkey wrench for the new administration!'
Airline passenger films UFO during flight from Tijuana to Morelia Michoacán
Airline passenger films UFO during flight from Tijuana to Morelia Michoacán
Airline passenger Luis Cabrera took a flight from Tijuana to Morelia Michoacán on December 3, 2020 when he noticed a strange object in the sky that apparently followed a steady course on which he started to record the Unidentified Flying Object.
The object is not a big bird because we don't see flapping wings, a Millar balloon at such a high altitude seems also unlikely. It is unknown what the object may have been, so far.
Leaked photo from Pentagon UFO task force shows mysterious UAP hovering over the Atlantic at 35,000ft
Leaked photo from Pentagon UFO task force shows mysterious UAP hovering over the Atlantic at 35,000ft
The existence of two classified Pentagon reports on UFOs has been revealed, the contents of which include a leaked photo depicting a mysterious object hovering over the Atlantic at 35,000ft.
Image credit The Debrief and edited by Dailymail.
The leaked photo, published by The Debrief on Thursday, was included in the 2018 position report, two DoD and one intelligence source told the outlet.
The DoD's Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force issued the two classified intelligence 'position reports' in 2018 and the summer of this year, and they circulated widely in the U.S. intelligence community, according to a detailed account from The Debrief based on interviews with multiple intelligence sources.
Image credit The Debrief
According to the Dailymail, the position reports' startling contents included a leaked photo that has never before been made public, accounts of 'Unidentified Aerial Phenomena' (UAP) emerging from the ocean and soaring through the sky, and an admission that extraterrestrial origins for the objects cannot be ruled out.
Prince Philip Fascination with Aliens and UFOs Sparked by Lord Louis Mountbatten
Prince Philip Fascination with Aliens and UFOs Sparked by Lord Louis Mountbatten
Lord Louis Mountbatten’s official report about a bizarre encounter with a spacecraft on his estate has sparked British royal Prince Philip’s long-running obsession with UFOs and aliens.
The husband of Queen of England has reportedly spent decades building up a trove of books on space aliens. The fascination grew after Mountbatten wrote an official report about a strange experience one of his employees reportedly had with a silver spacecraft on his Broadlands estate’s ground in Romsey, Hampshire.
Mountbatten wrote about the 1955 incident involving Mr Briggs. He said that Mr Briggs was still dazed when he first saw him and worried that no one would believe his story. Mr Briggs reportedly told Mountbatten that he had never believed in stories about flying saucers and had been amazed at what he had seen.
Philip,99, is reportedly keeping a map of UFO sightings on a wall in Buckingham Palace. He also said to ask top-secret Ministry of Defence reports into UFO sightings and close encounters.
He reportedly spent last summer reading a book ‘The Halt Perspective,’ which looks into the Rendlesham Forest incident’s inside story.
The event saw a series of reported sightings of strange lights in December 1980. Two officers stationed from the nearby Woodbridge US Air Force base even claimed to have encountered a triangular UFO, displaying hieroglyphic symbols, which sped away after they touched it.
Retired US Air Force Col Charles Halt and retired West Midlands detective John Hanson penned the book.
Philip’s secretary Brigadier Archie Miller-Bakewell wrote a letter to the former detective, saying he is certain it will be read with serious interest over the summer.
Hanson voiced his approval of Philip’s curiosity. He told The Sun: “Why shouldn’t any sensible person have an interest in a phenomenon that has baffled mankind for millennia?”
After Philip received another book ‘Haunted Skies: The Encyclopedia of British UFOs,’ Miller-Bakewell stated that His Royal Highness will add the copy to his collection. It’ll make a most welcome addition to his library.
Chinese sonde op weg terug naar de aarde met stukjes maan
Chang’e 5, de onbemande Chinese verkenner die dinsdag op de maan landde, is eerder dan gepland klaar geraakt met het verzamelen van stenen en ander bodemmateriaal daar. Donderdagnamiddag is de sonde weer opgestegen van de maan en begonnen aan de terugreis naar de aarde, zo hebben Chinese staatsmedia gemeld.
Voor het eerst werd zo een Chinees ruimtetuig van op een ander hemellichaam gelanceerd. Dat gebeurde om 16.10 uur Belgische tijd, toen de motoren van de stijgmodule aanfloepten. Voordien werd nog een kleine Chinese vlag ontplooid, aldus de China’s Daily. Volgens de Chinezen vertrok het onbemande ruimtevoertuig zonder problemen van de maanoppervlakte.
De module zet nu koers naar het moederschip (“orbiter”) dat op een hoogte van zowat 200 km boven de natuurlijke satelliet van de aarde draait. Er volgt een koppeling, waarna de stalen naar de terugkeermodule verhuizen. Nog eens daarna ontkoppelen de opstijgmodule en het moederschip. De “orbiter” en zijn terugkeermodule zetten vervolgens koers naar onze planeet. In een baan rond de aarde scheiden ook de wegen van die twee modules.
De terugkeermodule moet dan “midden december” landen op de steppe van Binnen-Mongolië.
De Chang'e 5, vernoemd naar de godin van de maan in de Chinese mythes, werd vorige week gelanceerd. Dinsdag landde hij op Mons Rümker, een oude vulkanische formatie op het noordelijk halfrond van de maan. Die is ongeveer 1 miljard jaar geleden gevormd en is daarmee jonger dan veel plekken op de maan die tot nu toe verkend zijn.
De Chang'e 5 heeft enkele kilo's aan bodemmateriaal verzameld met een robotarm en een boor. Die stalen zijn in het laadruim opgeborgen. Wetenschappers willen de bodemmonsters onderzoeken om een beter beeld te krijgen van de samenstelling en de geschiedenis van de maan. Het is niet duidelijk of het materiaal alleen aan Chinese onderzoekers wordt verstrekt, of dat het ook wordt gedeeld met mensen uit andere landen.
De laatste keer dat maanstenen naar de aarde werden gebracht, was in 1976. Toen haalde de missie Luna 24 van de Sovjet-Unie ongeveer 170 gram stenen op. De twaalf Amerikanen die op de maan hebben rondgelopen, hebben ook allerlei maanrotsen meegenomen naar de aarde.
Actiever
China wordt de laatste decennia steeds actiever in de ruimtevaart. Het land doet dat voor het grootste deel zelf. In 2003 ging voor het eerst een Chinese 'taikonaut' de ruimte in. In 2013 landde voor het eerst een Chinees karretje op de maan. Eerder dit jaar vertrok een onbemande Chinese verkenner naar Mars, waar hij volgend jaar moet aankomen. In de komende jaren wil China ook een eigen ruimtestation bouwen.
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Art Bell: The Reptilian Overlords... 20 Years of Encounters
Art Bell: The Reptilian Overlords... 20 Years of Encounters
COAST TO COAST AM INSIDER Archived Show - Abductee and author Jim Sparks returned to share more details of his encounters with aliens, which have persisted for almost two decades. His main experiences are with the ETs known as the Grays, though he’s also had contact with Reptilians, whom he believes are directing the Grays.
Sparks told of the time the aliens gave him a “gift,” which came in a square black box. After receiving telepathic instructions on how to open it, he found a black, tarry substance 2-3 inches thick that contained a horrible smell. The aliens informed him that it had been extracted from his lungs.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
03-12-2020
What is the mystery behind all of the “alien monoliths” that have been suddenly appearing and disappearing?
What is the mystery behind all of the “alien monoliths” that have been suddenly appearing and disappearing?
When a huge silver monolith was spotted in a very remote section of the desert in southeastern Utah, it immediately created a media sensation. But then it disappeared. A similar monolith had also been discovered in Romania, but now it is gone too. Then on Wednesday, everyone was buzzing about a third monolith that had been spotted in California. They are being called “alien monoliths”, but nobody knows who created them or if the three monoliths are even from the same source. But after being bombarded by the science fiction movies that Hollywood has been creating for decades, the world is definitely hungry for news that we are being contacted by someone from beyond.
The monolith saga started last month when a biologist spotted a large shiny object from the helicopter that he was flying in…
Officers from the Utah Department of Public Safety’s Aero Bureau were flying by helicopter last Wednesday, helping the Division of Wildlife Resources count bighorn sheep in southeastern Utah, when they spotted something that seemed right out of “2001: A Space Odyssey.”
“One of the biologists … spotted it, and we just happened to fly directly over the top of it,” pilot Bret Hutchings told CNN affiliate KSL. “He was like, ‘Whoa, whoa, whoa, turn around, turn around!’ And I was like, ‘What.’ And he’s like, ‘There’s this thing back there — we’ve got to go look at it!’”
The Utah monolith appears to have been riveted together, and that would seem to indicate that human technology was used to construct it. We are being told that it was definitely very sturdy, and helicopter pilot Bret Hutchings estimated that it was “between 10 and 12 feet high”…
And there it was — in the middle of the red rock was a shiny, silver metal monolith sticking out of the ground. Hutchings guessed it was “between 10 and 12 feet high.” It didn’t look like it was randomly dropped to the ground, he told KSL, but rather it looked like it had been planted.
Subsequently, Internet sleuths discovered exactly where the Utah monolith was located and they used Google Earth to determine that it had appeared some time between August 2015 and October 2016…
After that, a Reddit user was able to find the monolith on Google Earth. The coordinates of the strange monolith are 38.343080°, -109.666190° and plugging that into Google Earth shows you it’s just south of Dead Horse Point State Park, between the park and Needles Point, a tourist outlook. Others used Google Earth’s historical imaging data to narrow the appearance of the monolith in the area sometime between August of 2015 and October of 2016. As one of the internet sleuths pointed out, the three-sided monolith is miles from the closest paved road.
So it isn’t as if this monolith came out of nowhere. Apparently it had been there for as long as five years.
The world was stunned when the Utah monolith suddenly disappeared, and at first nobody knew what happened to it.
As mysteriously as it showed up, the strange monolith disappeared, and Sylvan Christensen and Andy Lewis now say they’re among those responsible, according to reports.
“We removed the Utah monolith because there are clear precedents for how we share and standardize the use of our public lands, natural wildlife, native plants, fresh water sources, and human impacts upon them,” Lewis and Christensen said in a statement sent to Grit Daily.
They even posted a video on YouTube that shows them removing the monolith.
Christensen and Lewis are just private citizens, and so it was rather presumptuous for them to grab what could have been a potentially important object.
I think that it is quite likely that they will be getting a visit from law enforcement authorities.
Shortly after the Utah monolith was discovered, another monolith popped up in Romania…
The mysterious metal structure in Romania was found a few metres from the well-known archaeological landmark the Petrodava Dacian Fortress.
It is a dark metallic colour and appears to be covered in concentric scribble-like rings.
The shiny triangular structure has a height of about four metres and one side faces Mount Ceahlau, known locally as the Holy Mountain.
This monolith appeared to be not constructed as well as the Utah monolith, and unlike the Utah monolith it suddenly appeared just recently.
But Reuters reported Tuesday that the shiny metal Romanian monolith has disappeared, quoting journalist Robert Iosub of the local newspaper Ziar Piatra Neamt.
“The 2.8 metre (9ft) tall structure disappeared overnight as quietly as it was erected last week,” Iosub said.
That could have been the end of the story, but now another monolith has been found in California…
Now, yet another monolith has been discovered, this time in California.
“There is currently a monolith at the top of Pine Mountain in Atascadero!” tweeted Connor Allen on Wednesday afternoon, with a trio of pictures capturing the strange new monolith at the top of Pine Mountain in Atascadero, California.
This new monolith appears to be fairly flimsy, and according to a local news report it was first spotted on Wednesday morning…
A few years ago, the “creepy clown” phenomenon took America by storm as hordes of copycats were inspired by a few initial news stories.
It looks like the same sort of thing may be happening again.
We live at a time when people are always looking for the next big social media stunt, and these monoliths have definitely gotten a lot of attention.
Meanwhile, our world is literally coming apart at the seams all around us, and things are only going to get worse in the years ahead.
When reality is unpleasant, many would rather focus on just about anything else, and these monoliths are definitely an interesting distraction. But all three of them appear to have been created by humans using very common technology, and so they aren’t signs that the “aliens” are about to arrive after all.
But without a doubt, our world has become a very strange place and it is getting stranger with each passing day.
***Michael’s new book entitled “Lost Prophecies Of The Future Of America” is now available in paperback and for the Kindle on Amazon.***
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The new California monolith was torn down overnight by a group of right-wing young men who livestreamed their vandalism in a grainy video posted on the blockchain streaming site DLive.
In the video, a group of three men are seen pushing the statue over and chanting "America First" and "Christ is King." The men, one of whom was wearing a "Make America Great Again" headband, called part of the monolith's construction "gay" then replaced it monolith with a wooden cross. It is a decidedly bleak turn in the ongoing monolith saga that has generally been a delightful distraction for a world wracked by a pandemic.
“Christ is king in this country. We don’t want illegal aliens from Mexico or outer space,” a man in the video says. “So let’s tear this bitch down.”
As the group of three struggle to topple the 200-pound statue, they can be heard chanting as they sway it back and forth. Eventually, the monolith’s base breaks and it falls to the ground.
The group then places a wooden cross near the site of the monolith. They go on to pose and take pictures with the two pieces of plywood, all stepping with one boot on the monolith as if it’s a hunting trophy. After the photo shoot, they tie ropes around the monolith and drag it down the mountain, calling it names and cheering.
"It was a learning experience. Nobody got arrested … It was fine because it was funny," a man says on the stream after the monolith was taken down.
In a video posted to a DLive account run by someone with the username CultureWarCrimnal, the group of men claims to have driven for over 5 hours to get to the statue’s site, streaming most of the time. The man who appears in the later video is wearing military fatigues and camo face paint. He’s vaping while saying things like, “I will fuck you to death if you don’t sing.” The group goes on to sing "Battle Hymn of the Republic" and other military-centric songs, all while greeting his viewers with vulgar, racist commentary. Two other members in the back of the car have combat helmets on with night-vision goggles attached.
Throughout the video they mentioning burning crosses and white power.
On the way down Pine Mountain, the group is seemingly pursued by an unidentified party. CultureWarCriminal and others run into the bushes to hide and turn off their camera’s lights. The person with the camera claims someone is setting canines after them—no barking is heard. Shortly after, voices can be heard getting closer to the group. A person yells, “grab the cross and beat them with it.”
CultureWarCriminal and his crew then have an impromptu roundtable discussion in the bushes, contemplating if those pursuing them are a part of the Antifa movement. “Antifa isn’t one to underestimate,” the group concludes. They then devise a plan, seemingly getting excited using military vernacular, to call the police and frame those after them as the monolith destroyers. In the end, the crusaders left empty handed, back to their macho selves, bragging about their escape on the car ride home.
Previous videos posted to CultureWarCriminal’s DLive account show the man talking on Omegle about “the pedophile rape tunnels under Hillary Clinton’s house,” claiming to be a member of the Marines, and commending spitting on Black people. His Twitter further perpetuates his racist narrative and indicates his affinity towards far-right podcast host Nick Fuentes.
Calls to the Atascadero Police Department by Motherboard were not immediately returned.
Chang'e 5 has collected the first fresh moon samples in deceades.
China has launched a small spacecraft from the surface of the moon in the critical next step in the ambitious Chang’e 5 mission to bring lunar samples to Earth.
The small probe, which sat on top of the Chang'e 5 lander, lifted off from Oceanus Procellarum at 10:10 EST Thursday (15:10 GMT/23:10 Beijing time) carrying with it the first fresh lunar samples since 1976.
Six minutes later, the ascent spacecraft achieved lunar orbit, marking a huge milestone in the Chang'e 5 mission to return lunar samples to Earth. The ascent vehicle's job now is to meet up with the Chang'e 5 orbiter while still circling the moon, and then transfer its precious cargo to a return capsule for the journey home.
China's Chang'e 5 moon sample-return ascent vehicle lifts off from the lunar surface in this view captured by the lander itself at Mons Rumker in the Ocean of Storms on Dec. 3, 2020. (Image credit: CNSA/CLEP)
That next stage is an extremely challenging rendezvousing and docking between the small ascent vehicle and the Chang'e 5 orbiter while orbiting the moon. The activity needs to be automated due to the time delay in communicating across the roughly 236,000 miles (380,000 kilometers) between the Earth and the moon.
The two spacecraft will begin a final approach sometime on Saturday (Nov. 5)and complete the docking 3.5 hours later. If all goes well, China will then prepare for the final leg of the journey to deliver the first lunar samples to Earth in 44 years.
An artist's illustration of China's Chang'e 5 moon sample-return ascent vehicle lifting off from the lunar surface.
(Image credit: CNSA/CLEP)
The lunar samples won't be coming home immediately however. The Chang'e 5 spacecraft will need to wait in lunar orbit for a number of days for a narrow window in which to fire its engines and head for Earth.
The careful timing of this trans-Earth injection maneuver will allow the orbiter to deliver the reentry module to Earth at the precise time in order to land in Siziwang Banner, Inner Mongolia — the same site used by the China National Space Administration to return astronauts home aboard Shenzhou spacecraft.
The journey back to Earth will last 112 hours — just over four and a half days — before the reentry attempt. As spacecraft returning from the moon are traveling faster than those reentering from low Earth orbit, such as trips from the International Space Station, the Chang'e 5 reentry module will bounce off the atmosphere once to help it slow down before taking a final, fiery plunge to Earth.
The Chang'e 5 lander made its spectacular touchdown on Dec. 1 and almost immediately began taking images and collecting lunar samples with a drill and scoop. A special container for the lunar samples was filled and sampling completed within 19 hours of the landing and transferred to the ascent vehicle.
The ascent vehicle weighs just a few hundred kilograms and needed to accelerate to speeds of over 3,735 miles (6,011 kilometers) per hour per hour or just over 1 mile (1.67 kilometers) per second to achieve lunar orbit.
The Chang'e 5 orbiter, from which the lander and ascent vehicle separated in late November ahead of the lunar landing, is currently in lunar orbit awaiting the chance to rendezvous and dock with the ascender.
It will take around two days for the two spacecraft to synchronize their orbits enough to allow a rendezvous and docking attempt. The pair will have a small, 3.5-hour window in which to conduct the maneuver successfully.
If the spacecraft dock successfully the container with the samples will be transferred to the reentry capsule attached to the orbiter.
A mysterious object discovered in September is currently a new mini-moon for Earth. NASA confirmed on Tuesday, December 2, that the object is a lost-and-found 60s-era rocket from the Surveyor 2 moon mission, launched from Earth more than 50 years ago.
View larger. | This 1964 photograph shows a Centaur upper-stage rocket before being mated to an Atlas booster. A similar Centaur was used during the launch of Surveyor 2 two years later and is now known as 2020 SO … a new temporary mini-moon for Earth.
NASA confirmed on Tuesday, December 2, 2020, that the object known as 2020 SO – noticed in September and given an asteroid name – is a lost-and-now-found 60s-era rocket from the Surveyor 2 moon mission. The rocket blasted off from Earth more than 50 years ago. The confirmation came from data collected at NASA’s Infrared Telescope Facility on Maunakea, Hawaii, and from orbit analyses conducted at the the Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
Scientists first spotted this object on September 17, 2020, as it was approaching Earth’s vicinity. Orbit models quickly showed that both the low speed and trajectory of the approaching object were unusual. The models also showed that Earth would capture this object – temporarily – as a new mini-moon. And, on November 8, Earth did capture this object. Now, following a three-month analysis of its motion – and a close approach of the object on December 1 – NASA confirmed on Tuesday that the object is a relic of the early Space Age, a Centaur upper-stage rocket booster, once called America’s workhorse in space.
This particular rocket launched the ill-fated Surveyor 2 spacecraft toward the moon in 1966.
The lost rocket is expected to remain a captive of Earth from October 2020 until March 2021.
It appears to have been pushed from its original trajectory by a small but continuous pressure from sunlight.
This isn’t the first time Earth has captured a mini-moon. But it’s an awesome story of a lost-and-found rocket, originally launched from Earth more than 50 years ago.
2020 SO came extremely close to Earth – about 30,000 miles (50,000 km or 0.13 of the average lunar distance) on December 1.
View larger. | This animation shows the orbit of 2020 SO as it was captured by Earth’s gravity on November 8, 2020. It will escape in March 2021. Its motion has been speeded up a million times faster than real time.
Astronomers first sighted the object in September using the 71-inch (1.8-meter) Pan-STARRS1 telescope at Haleakala, Hawaii. They gave it its designation – 2020 SO – and added it as an Apollo-type asteroid in the JPL Small-Body Database.
However, 2020 SO was quickly seen to have some features that set it apart from ordinary asteroids. According to NASA/JPL calculations, the object sped past Earth’s moon at a speed of 1,880 miles per hour (3,025 km/h) or 0.84 km per second (.5 mi/sec). That is an extremely slow speed for an asteroid.
These calculations also show the apparent “slow asteroid” orbiting the sun every 1.06 years (387 days). The low relative velocity, along with the Earth-like orbit, both suggest it as an artificial object launched from our planet.
Paul Chodas, manager of NASA’s Near Earth Object center at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, first suggested the object might be the rocket booster of Surveyor 2, a robotic spacecraft that was launched to the moon on September 20, 1966. Surveyor 2 was meant to be the second lunar lander in the uncrewed American Surveyor program to explore the moon. The spacecraft blasted into space atop an Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D rocket from Cape Kennedy, Florida.
A mid-course correction failure caused ground controllers to lose contact with the craft three days later, after a thruster failed to ignite. The failure caused the spacecraft to tumble and ultimately to crash near the moon’s Copernicus crater.
View larger. | A model of the ill-fated Surveyor lander, which crashed on the moon in 1966.
Speed ahead to our time and the strange object designed 2020 SO. Astronomers noticed that the object had an estimated size between 20 and 45 feet (6 to 14 meters), a match for the dimensions of an Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D (approximately 41 feet or 12 meters).
How could we have lost an entire 41-foot-long rocket? Space archaeologist Alice Gorman of Flinders University in Australia told ScienceAlert that – before our modern era of reuseable rockets – the rockets that launched craft into space were surprisingly easy to lose. She said:
There are so many factors in the space environment, like gravitational factors and other things that affect movement, that it can sometimes be quite unpredictable.
You have to keep tracking these things, or you can just sort of lose sight of them really easily. And if they do something a little bit unpredictable, and you look the wrong way, then you don’t know where it’s gone. It is quite astonishing, the number of things that have gone missing.
NASA explained that pressure from the sun’s radiation caused the object to change its trajectory:
The pressure exerted by sunlight is small but continuous, and it has a greater effect on a hollow object than a solid one. A spent rocket is essentially an empty tube and therefore is a low-density object with a large surface area. So it will be pushed around by solar radiation pressure more than a solid, high-density clump of rock, much like an empty soda can will be pushed by the wind more than a small stone.
This isn’t the first time Earth has captured a mini-moon.
As you might have realized by now, space is chock-full of small asteroids. Once in a while, one of these space rocks is captured, temporarily, by our planet’s gravity, before being cast out back into the solar system at large. Two confirmed mini-moons are 2006 RH120 (in Earth orbit between 2006 and 2007), and 2020 CD3 (in our orbit between 2018 and 2020).
It’s also not the first time we’ve mistaken space junk for an asteroid.
Another small object that was initially thought to be an asteroid was WT1190F, detected in October 2015 on approach to Earth. Its trajectory suggested it was about to penetrate Earth’s atmosphere near Sri Lanka, in the Indian Ocean, an event that happens with ordinary asteroids several times every year.
As WT1190F was disintegrating in our atmosphere on November 13, 2015, scientists analyzed its light via spectroscopy.
This analysis suggested the object might be a spacecraft component or part of a spent rocket, another wandering piece of space junk, returning home.
Now that same suggestion has been confirmed for 2020 SO. Welcome home, Centaur D!
2020 SO isn’t the first object thought to be an asteroid, and later realized to be human-made space junk. Here’s an object tagged as WT1190F entering Earth’s atmosphere south of Sri Lanka on November 13, 2015.
Strange space object 2020 SO was discovered on September 17, 2020, on approach to Earth. On November 8, it slowly drifted into Earth’s sphere of gravitational dominance, a region called the Hill sphere that extends roughly 930,000 miles (1.5 million km) from our planet. That’s where 2020 SO will remain for about 4 months before it escapes back into a new orbit around the sun in March 2021. During that time, it will make 2 large loops around our planet. In this image, Earth is the blue dot in the center. The moon’s orbit is the white circle.
Bottom line: An “asteroid” spotted in September 2020 became a new mini-moon for Earth in November. In early December, NASA confirmed the object is a lost rocket from the Surveyor 2 mission, originally launched from Earth more than 50 years ago.
Where did the famous mystery Wow! signal, detected in 1977, come from? Astronomer Alberto Caballero might have pinpointed the host star. It’s a sunlike star 1,800 light-years away, in the direction of the center of our Milky Way.
The famous Wow! signal, detected by the Big Ear Radio Observatory in Ohio on August 15, 1977. It was a leading candidate for an extraterrestrial radio signal, but was never heard again.
In August 1977, astronomers detected an unusual radio signal coming from deep space that’s been the subject of debate ever since. Known as the Wow! signal, it was heard only once and never again. It still hasn’t been adequately explained. Enter amateur astronomer Alberto Caballero. He’s a founder of The Exoplanets Channelon YouTube and coordinator of the Habitable Exoplanet Hunting Project, which, earlier this year, announced GJ 3470 c, the first exoplanet candidate fully discovered by amateur astronomers. On November 8, 2020, the non-peer-reviewed, open-access repository of electronic preprints arXiv published a scientific paper by Caballero. In it, he said he has narrowed down the source of the Wow! signal. He might even have identified the specific star of origin. It’s a sunlike star – labeled 2MASS 19281982-2640123 – 1,800 light-years away, in the direction of the center of our Milky Way galaxy.
The finding is based updated data about our Milky Way galaxy from ESA’s Gaia space observatory, which is in the process of creating a cool new 3-D map of our galaxy. Using data from Gaia’s first and second data releases, Caballero searched for sunlike stars in the region of the sky from which the Wow! signal emanated. Read more about the power of Gaia’s data, below.
For this study, Caballero focused on sunlike stars, from mid-K to G-type (our sun is a G-type star). So far, the only intelligent life we know is here on Earth, so it’s logical to look for extraterrestrial intelligence around stars similar to our sun.
His search of Gaia data revealed 66 potential candidate stars, but one in particular stood out: 2MASS 19281982-2640123, a sunlike star located in the direction of the constellation Sagittarius, along our line of sight to the center of our Milky Way galaxy. As Caballero told Discover:
The only potential sunlike star in all the WOW! signal region appears to be 2MASS 19281982-2640123. This star sits in the constellation of Sagittarius at a distance of 1,800light-years. It is an identical twin to our sun, with the same temperature, radius, and luminosity.
2MASS 19281982-2640123, a sun-like star 1,800 light-years away in the constellation Sagittarius. It is the best candidate found so far for the origin of the Wow! signal.
Amateur astronomer Alberto Caballero of The Exoplanets Channel and the Habitable Exoplanet Hunting Project wrote the new paper on a sunlike star that might be the source of the Wow! signal.
Right now, according to Caballero, 2MASS 19281982-2640123 is the strongest candidate star for being the source of the Wow! signal. As for the other candidates, he said, astronomers need more data about their luminosities or sizes. It’s still possible that one of the other candidates could turn out to be a better fit, but as of now, 2MASS 19281982-2640123 is the one that’s of special interest.
From Caballero’s paper:
In this paper it is analyzed which of the thousands of stars in the WOW! signal region could have the highest chance of being the real source of the signal, providing that it came from a star system similar to ours. A total of 66 G and K-typestars are sampled, but only one of them is identified as a potential sunlike star considering the available information in the Gaia Archive. This candidate source, which is named 2MASS 19281982-2640123, therefore becomes an ideal target to conduct observations in the search for potentially habitable exoplanets. Another 14 potential sunlike stars (with estimated temperatures between 5,730 and 5,830 K) are also found in the region, but information about their luminosity and radius is unknown.
What is the Wow! signal?
The Wow! signal of the 1970s is still considered to be the most enigmatic cosmic radio signal yet. It hasn’t been easily explained by terrestrial satellites or other human activity. It was detected by the Big Ear Radio Observatory at Ohio State University in Delaware, Ohio, on August 15, 1977. It was an unusually strong signal, easily discerned from the background noise, and lasted 72 seconds.
The signal earned the nickname “Wow!” when Jerry Ehman, the astronomer who found it in the paper data printout, circled it and wrote “Wow!”
The Wow! signal is highly suggestive of extraterrestrial intelligent origin, but little more can be said until it returns for further study.
The detection was exciting, and, in many ways, still is. Astronomers had pondered what a true artificial signal from an extraterrestrial civilization might be expected to look like. The Wow! signal tentatively fit the bill. The problem was it was heard only once, and never heard again, like a cosmic one-hit wonder.
At the time, Kraus also looked in star catalogs for sunlike stars that might be the source of the signals, but didn’t find any. He said:
We checked star catalogs for any sunlike stars in the area and found none.
The Big Ear Radio Observatory at Ohio State University. It was listed in the 1995 Guinness Book of World Records under the category of Longest Extraterrestrial Search: “The longest-running full-scale SETI (search for extraterrestrial intelligence) project is the Ohio SETI Program at Ohio State University in Columbus, OH, which has searched the universe for extraterrestrial radio signals for 22 years, beginning in 1973.”
Generally speaking, star catalogs are more complete than they were in the 1970s. But Gaia’s catalog is in a class by itself, the most detailed star catalog ever produced, with 1.3 billion stars.
The European Space Agency (ESA) launched Gaia in 2013. The mission is to create the most detailed 3-D map of the Milky Way galaxy ever made, and is scheduled to continue until 2024.
Gaia gathers its data via what’s called astrometry. That is, it measures not just the positions of stars, but also their movements through space. Gaia’s job is to scan the sky repeatedly, observing each of its targeted billion stars an average of 70 times over the course of its mission. So, for example, we know our sun and all the stars in the Milky Way are moving continuously in great orderly masses around the center of our galaxy. We know that … but we didn’t have many details about how each star moves. How could we? The data for so many stars would be (are) massive; collecting the data, storing it and analyzing it requires today’s spacecraft and computer technologies.
Over its years in space, again and again and again, Gaia will acquire data points on the positions of Milky Way stars. Thus astronomers have already been able to produce an illustration like the very wonderful one below, which shows median velocities (the distances and directions traveled by each star per unit of time) of stars in our Milky Way:
All-sky map of median velocities of about a billion stars toward or away from our sun, made possible by the Gaia mission. When you look at this map, you’re seeing a large-scale pattern caused by rotation of our Milky Way galaxy.
Whether 2MASS 19281982-2640123 is the source of the Wow! signal remains to be seen, but it is a tantalizing new development in a cosmic mystery that has perplexed astronomers for over 40 years.
And, by the way, Caballero is also working on coordinating with several different radio observatories, on different continents, to search for new radio cosmic signals that might be indicative of extraterrestrial civilizations. He has three such searches lined up so far, with more expected. It will be very interesting to follow the progress of his endeavors.
Bottom line: An amateur astronomer may have found the long-sought origin of the famous mystery Wow! signal detected by a radio telescope in 1977.
Meteor triggers sonic boom and "astonishing" flash of light across multiple states and Ontario
A noontime boom that was heard and felt from southern Ontario to Virginia was likely caused by a disintegrating meteor, according to an organization in western New York that keeps track of such phenomena. Witnesses across the area reported hearing the boom or seeing a fireball in the sky shortly after noon on Wednesday, said Robert Lunsford of the American Meteor Society in Geneseo.
By early Thursday, the organization had recorded more than 150 reports of the fireball seen in seven states. The group said the fireball was mainly seen in New York and Ontario but it also received reports from Maryland, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Virginia.
Lunsford told CBS affiliate WTVH that he estimated that the fireball could have been the size of a small car, moving at least 10 miles per second. When it disintegrated 22 miles above the surface in western New York, it produced a bright light. A camera on the CN Tower in Toronto captured a huge flash of light across the skyline.
Police agencies and fire departments around central New York received 911 calls reporting a boom that shook windows, but clouds prevented sightings in much of the area. Since most reports of the boom were around Syracuse, that's likely where the meteor blew to bits, Lunsford said.
As part of 2020’s latest act, a monolith suddenly appeared in the Utah desert on November 18, causing quite a stir — only to mysteriously disappear last weekend. Now, someone has come forward with an explanation.
Although a complete enigma to most, avid hikers can probably guess what happened to the 12-foot metal object that appeared in the desert: It was removed by a group of people looking to preserve and protect the Earth.
Photographer Ross Bernards took to social media on Monday to claim that he knows what happened to the monolith, because he witnessed the removal himself.
Bernards explained that while he was visiting the monolith after the crowds had left, a group of four men appeared at around 9 p.m., pushed the metal object over, broke it apart, and carried it away in a wheelbarrow.
“Leave no trace,” one of the men reportedly said to Bernards.
“If you’re asking why we didn’t stop them,” read the post. “Well, they were right to take it out.”
“Leave no trace” is a concept embraced by groups like the Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics, which says it aims to protect the outdoors by teaching people to enjoy it responsibility.
The organization works to ensure people “leave no trace” while hiking. That mandate includes the removal of huge metal structures and other pieces of art that attract masses of people typically foreign to the area.
“We stayed the night and the next day hiked to a hilltop overlooking the area where we saw at least 70 different cars (and a plane) in and out,” the post continued. “Cars parking everywhere in the delicate desert landscape. Nobody following a path or each other. We could literally see people trying to approach it from every direction to try and reach it, permanently altering the untouched landscape.”
“Mother nature is an artist,” Bernards added. “It’s best to leave the art in the wild to her.”
Will We See The Utah Monolith In An Auction House Soon? Or Was It Taken To Area 51? UFO Sighting News.
Will We See The Utah Monolith In An Auction House Soon? Or Was It Taken To Area 51? UFO Sighting News.
The first monolith in the Utah desert has...as I have already predicted earlier...disappeared. No sooner has it vanished than another metal monolith with a top slightly diagonal appeared in Romania. The Romania version is clearly a fake...a reproduction. How do I know? Easy, I worked on B1 bombers and KC135 tankers planes back in the USAF. I often would have to sand down the paint on the metal to repaint it. This Romanian monolith has the rounded grinding marks of a person with poor skills at using a grinder or sander. Had they held it correctly, the sanding marks would not exist.
What happened to the original monolith?
1. I place an 80% chance it was stollen due to its fame and the gov saying it wants theirs...so it will soon be sold anonymously at Christies Auction house.
2. I place a 15% chance that MIB or gov workers dressed in black military outfits and black trucks came and removed to object for fear its an actual alien probe or ship. NASA space probes are hollow...this monolith is said to have sounded hollow. Taken to Area 51 to cut it open and try to find out what it is and if any of its technology could be useful to the US military.
3. I place a 5% chance on this actually being an alien ship or probe and that the object itself has moved its location, because the pilot who had walked away from it...may have looked human and was mingling and living in a city not too far away and thought this desert location was safe to leave the ship. Invasion? No...just a single craft is not an invasion. Pre invasion? Why? To take by force our iPhones, TVs, Computers? We have nothing other than our friendship and this planet to share with them.
Rainbow UFO Caught Over Saint John New Brunswick, Canada Nov 28, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Rainbow UFO Caught Over Saint John New Brunswick, Canada Nov 28, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Nov 28, 2020
Location of sighting: Saint John New Brunswick, Canada
This is one magnificent looking UFO! Its got some amazing detail to it and really wants to be seen. I have heard about such ultraviolet UFOs and beings near the Mount Shasta area, where an alien base of ancient and religious beings exist, but this...this is mind blowing. And far from Mount Shasta, California. The detail, colors and how it changes shape...almost angelic. Makes me wonder, is this an alien craft, or an actual alien species that evolves so high that they no longer need a ship to travel the universe? I believe...this is a ship, a craft that can travel both space and time. Great video catch by Youtuber William O'Leary. This is what a zoom on a camera is for!
UFO Lands Near Huts On Island In Jungle (November 30, 2020) Cali Colombia, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Lands Near Huts On Island In Jungle (November 30, 2020) Cali Colombia, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Nov 30, 2020 Location of sighting: Cali, Colombia
This eyewitness caught a rare close up sight of a disk moving over a few huts on a tiny island in Colombia last week. This is very daring for the aliens and clearly they have a high interest in the native indians of the area. Its clear that the people in those huts would not have such technology that could easily compete and surpass that of the US military. This is 100% alien and absolute proof that aliens are interested in all people, all life everywhere.
Now I have more questions...did it Land earlier? If it landed, did the occupant walk out and talk to anyone? This would be one of the safest locations in the world to land and explore for an alien...since they are deep in the jungle.
Strange UFO With Legs Over Manchester, UK, Nov 22, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Strange UFO With Legs Over Manchester, UK, Nov 22, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Nov 22, 2020 Location of sighting:Manchester, UK
Very strange one here. It almost looks like a giant bug in the sky. UFOs with arms have been seen before. As a matter of fact, Buzz Aldrin himself saw a UFO while in space and it was a long white body with an arm appendage of some sort sticking out. So although we have an idea of what UFOs should look like because of the movies and TV shows...in reality alien ships do not stick to that perceived movie notion, but instead come in all shapes and sizes. And then ones like this comes along and truly confounds me. I know of nothing that could possible look like than other than a giant insect, and I have heard of one insect species...a mantis species that is much taller than humans. So there must be others out there too. Reality is like an onion, each layer only exposes a new layer of mystery.
I’ve discussed the idea that any aliens we meet someday may be machine-based artificial intelligence (AI). Paul Davies was one of the first astrophysicists to suggest the concept, although science fiction has been mining the idea for many decades. The reasoning is simple: machine-based intelligence is a lot more durable than a biological being, and easier to repair and reproduce. Humans are currently moving towards machine assisted living. Heart pumps and cochlear implants are just two basic examples. Computer interfaces with the brain are being tested. Davies points out that the development of machine assisted human biology is likely to continue. Eventually, we will reach a point where the human body is more machine than biological.
Philosophy professor Susan Schneider takes that idea a step further. In a presentation to a NASA conference, she suggested that aliens would likely be a highly developed form of artificial intelligence: a superintelligence. This is how Nick Bostrom with the University of Oxford defines it: “By a “superintelligence” we mean an intellect that is much smarter than the best human brains in practically every field, including scientific creativity, general wisdom and social skills. This definition leaves open how the superintelligence is implemented: it could be a digital computer, an ensemble of networked computers, cultured cortical tissue or what have you. It also leaves open whether the superintelligence is conscious and has subjective experiences.”
It may sound like an esoteric point to discuss superintelligence when any alien artificial intelligence would likely be much more intelligent than humans, just by existing. However, Schneider examines the difference between human thought and the workings of a superintelligence to tackle some important issues in the consideration of extraterrestrial First Contact.
One primary point in her paper is the issue of consciousness. Could a superintelligence be conscious? Consider the ramifications- the further an alien intelligence is from our biological state, the wider the gulf between us in terms of understanding, if we meet someday. Consciousness defines the human experience in many respects. We are a product of our interaction with our reality, in both physical and mental dimensions. Superintelligence could be so different from human intelligence that finding common ground between the two would be difficult. Schneider brings up an interesting possibility, once again relying on Nick Bostrom for the foundational idea- what if artificial intelligence is engineered to be like the intelligence of the biological originator? Humans are doing this currently as we design our own artificial intelligence. Many researchers are using the human brain and human attributes as a model for AI. Thus, the finished product would operate in a manner consistent with human intelligence. If we’re doing it, it seems quite possible biological aliens would have followed the same process. Why? Dr. Schneider brings up the concept of self-preservation. Many humans are uncomfortable designing AI that would eventually replace us. By designing AI with human thought patterns, we would be preserving part of who we are, even if the biological parts are eventually left behind. If aliens did the same, we could eventually meet a biologically-inspired superintelligent alien (BISA). That sounds daunting, so we probably need to consider the commonalities we still may have. Schneider examines the Bostrom Instrumental Convergence Thesis: “Several instrumental values can be identified which are convergent in the sense that their attainment would increase the chances of the agent’s goal being realized for a wide range of final goals and a wide range of situations, implying that these instrumental values are likely to be pursued by a broad spectrum of situated intelligent agents.”
Bostrom identifies these areas of commonality: “Resource acquisition, technological perfection, cognitive enhancement, self-preservation and goal content integrity (i.e., that a superintelligent being’s future self will pursue and attain those same goals).”
This states that alien AI, whether it be entirely artificial or BSIA in nature, will have a set of behaviors that we could recognize. That could provide a basis for understanding
You can see why I’ve included Nick Bostrom and his Future of Humanity Institute as one of the important experts to consult with in the wake of First Contact. He has been discussing such issues for more than 20 years. I will add Susan Schneider to that list. Applying these superintelligence concepts directly to extraterrestrials could be an important facet of First Contact.
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02-12-2020
12 Mile Long Bridge on the Moon?
12 Mile Long Bridge on the Moon?
Could the moon be a hollow-bodied construct that contains a hidden message encoding the deeper mysteries of our universe and life on Earth? The team of researchers examine evidence that suggests that our moon is of artificial origin, intentionally placed in exact orbit by advanced civilizations in ancient times.
With recent discoveries from NASA and the European Space Agency, the lunar enigmas have only compounded.
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Mystery of Monolith Disappearance Solved? - Live Coverage (Plus Romania Monolith Update)
Mystery of Monolith Disappearance Solved? - Live Coverage (Plus Romania Monolith Update)
Mystery of Monolith Disappearance Solved? – Live Coverage (Plus Romania Monolith Update)
The mystery of why the Utah monolith disappeared has apparently been solved. Get the latest details, plus an update on the Romania monolith, in our LIVE COVERAGE.
In this interactive live stream, host Steve Lookner brings you the latest news on the Utah monolith & Romania monolith, and he’ll also read your comments and questions on the air!
Alien Craft Cloaked In Cloud Over Facatativá City in Colombia, Jan 15, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Alien Craft Cloaked In Cloud Over Facatativá City in Colombia, Jan 15, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Jan 15, 2020 Location of sighting: Facatativa, Colombia
Now I have not seen this so I'm posting it now. Its a great sightings with an amazing disk shaped cloud...which holds a alien UFO within. Its a well known fact among UFO and alien researchers that UFOs not only make clouds to hide within, but can make contained disk clouds...disk because the aliens turn on the ships shields...the cloud is held within the shield, thus taking the shape of the ship itself. 100% proof that aliens frequent the area of Colombia.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
In Facatativá on January 15, 2020 in the early morning, a rather rare cloud shaped like a saucer was observed, a radiant object that came out of that cloud was also observed leaving that cloud.
I was looking through a Mars gigapan photo when I found a dragon skull carved into the local environment. Behind the dragon head was two bipedal aliens carved in the stone behind. One alien is taller and has its arm wrapped around the neck and chest of the other shorter aliens. Also the dragon head has a very visible mouth, nose, eye and forehead. The dragon may be another species of intelligent alien that may have lived among them. 100% proof that aliens once existed and thrived on Mars.
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Mysterious lights over Ottawa, Canada On Nov 28, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Mysterious lights over Ottawa, Canada On Nov 28, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Nov 28, 2020 Location of sighting:Ottawa, Canada
The eyewitness noticed some strange lights shooting around in the sky sky. He was outside of town and there were not visible signs of search lights in the distance and no reason there would be lights in the sky. The lights moved differently than search lights and seemed to take a elliptical patter and shoot away. This appears to be a fleet of UFOs that have emerged from an underground base 6km below and began to shoot off to their destination.
Recalling the planet sized refueling UFO tethered to the Sun
Recalling the planet sized refueling UFO tethered to the Sun
Images captured by the Solar Dynamics Observatory on March 12, 2012, show what appears to be a planet-size shadowy object tethered to the sun by a dark filament.
In the image sequence, a burst of brightly lit material can be seen erupting from the sun's surface surrounding the dark object, after which the orb detaches from the sun and shoots out into space, suggesting it shows a UFO spacecraft refueling by sucking up solar plasma.
According to NASA scientists the strange appearance is less exciting than a refueling UFO, the feature is actually a type of solar activity called a "prominence," a feature containing cooler, denser plasma than the surrounding 3.5-million-degree Fahrenheit corona.
It isn't yet known exactly how prominences develop, but these dense plasma loops can extend from the sun's surface thousands of miles into space.
Now, almost 8 years after the incident, many people are still in doubt whether it was a giant UFO tethered to the sun before flying back into space or a solar activity called "prominence" as explained by NASA scientists.
Disk-shaped UFO Fastwalker flying right past a drone
Disk-shaped UFO Fastwalker flying right past a drone
Anew video has emerged showing a disk-shaped UFO Fastwalker flying right past a drone at an incredible speed.
The Fastwalker was captured in South Korea on June 2, 2020 and although these fastwalkers come in many different types, this is the first time such a UFO has been filmed consisting of two half disks connected to each other.
Check out our label: Fastwalkers to see more videos of these mysterious flying objects.
Check out this triangular-shaped formation of UFOs hovering in the night sky above Calgary, Canada on 18th November 2020.
Witness report:
A distant onrage-red object in the sky appeared to be sitting 80 degrees in the atmosphere, moving very slowly toward the west direction.
At 2:50 am, there was a bright light in the night sky. After viewing the object for a few moments, I noticed it was orange in color – and maybe every fifteen seconds a red signal began beeping on one side of it.
The object was not on any sort of path projectory, looked like it was floating at its elevation level. It was not close enough to make out a shape, however I could tell it was an object because of the red signal. The bright light was and consistently stayed mostly orange.
I decided to film the light with my smartphone and began examining the object for an hour and 5 minutes. In the time period, it moved further and closer to the west than its original position. It was a moonless-mostly clear sky, except for some clouds overhead.
When I viewed the object in camera, I noticed when zoomed in, the object looked diamond-shaped with an elongated bottom, with steam emitting from each side. The light was not glowing consistently.
Another mystery in my video footage is another object which appears, similar behavior but smaller in size. The object appears at 3:24 am, thirty four minutes after filming the first object.
At 3:25 am, the secondary objects appears to get brighter 3:34 am, the object is at a new position, maybe dropping elevation and altitude, behind the first object. 3:35 am, the object can be seen on its flight path, but its moving rate is nearly unnoticeable. 3:36 am, the two objects are in noticeable view, the first object looked like a cooler temperature and the second object a warmer temperature, appearing very active. 3:38 am, the two objects appear to be hovering in place. 3:41 am, the second-moving object disappears and is gone. 3:47 am, took one final video of the sky, with a single object continuing its hover on the edges of the city limits, but distant is too far to gather more video. 3:55 I end my investigation and go to sleep.
*Note, the second object was only noticed after review of the videos.
Chang'e 5 touched down on the moon at 10:11 a.m. EST (1511GMT, 11:11 p.m. Beijing Time) near Mons Rümker, a mountain in the Ocean of Storms (or Oceanus Procellarum), CNSA officials said. The probe deployed its solar array and antenna soon after to begin its work on the moon.
Two pieces of the four-module, 18,100-lb. (8,200 kilograms) Chang'e 5 mission hit the gray dirt today — a stationary lander and an ascent vehicle. If all goes according to plan, the lander will spend the next few days collecting about 4.4 lbs. (2 kg) of lunar material, some of it dug from up to 6.5 feet (2 meters) beneath the lunar surface.
The sample will then be transferred to the ascent vehicle, which will launch to lunar orbit and meet up with the other two Chang'e 5 elements — an orbiter and an Earth-return craft. The return vehicle will haul the moon dirt and rocks to our planet, with a touchdown planned in Inner Mongolia in mid-December.
That will be a landmark event; pristine lunar samples have not been delivered to Earth since 1976, when the Soviet Union's Luna 24 mission came home with about 6 ounces (170 grams) of material.
This view of the moon's surface was taken by the landing camera of Chang'e 5 shortly after its Dec. 1, 2020 touchdown in the Ocean of Storms. A shadow from one of the lander's legs is visible on the lunar surface. (Image credit: China National Space Administration/CLEP)
Chang'e 5 just launched on Nov. 23, so it's packing a lot of action into a few short weeks. The compressed timeline is driven largely by the mission's energy needs: The Chang'e 5 lander is solar powered, so it must get all of its work done in two Earth weeks at most, before the sun sets at Mons Rümker. (One lunar day lasts about 29 Earth days, so most moon sites receive two weeks of continuous sunlight followed by two weeks of darkness.)
Chang'e 5 is the latest mission in the Chang'e program of robotic lunar exploration, which is named after a moon goddess in Chinese mythology. The Chang'e 1 and Chang'e 2 orbiters launched in 2007 and 2010, respectively, and Chang'e 3 put a lander-rover duo down on the moon's near side in December 2013.
The Chang'e 5 T1 mission sent a prototype return capsule around the moon and back to Earth in October 2014 to help prepare for Chang'e 5. And in January 2019, the Chang'e 4 lander-rover duo pulled off the first-ever soft touchdown on the moon's mysterious, largely unexplored far side. Both Chang'e 4 robots remain operational today, as does the Chang'e 3 lander.
Though Chang'e 5 has a very short operational life, the mission is designed to have a long-lasting impact. After all, scientists are still studying the 842 lbs. (382 kg) of lunar material brought to Earth by NASA's Apollo missions from 1969 to 1972.
Some of the Apollo material came from Oceanus Procellarum, a huge volcanic plain that Apollo 12 explored in late 1969. But Mons Rümker rocks formed just 1.2 billion years ago, whereas all of the samples collected by the Apollo astronauts are more than 3 billion years old.
China's Chang'e 5 moon lander captured this view of the lunar surface as it approached its landing site in the Ocean of Storms region of the moon during a successful landing on Dec. 1, 2020 (Image credit: China National Space Administration/CLEP)
Chang'e 5 therefore "will help scientists understand what was happening late in the moon's history, as well as how Earth and the solar system evolved," the nonprofit Planetary Society wrote in its description of the mission.
Chang'e 5 isn't the only sample-return game in town. Japan's Hayabusa2 mission is scheduled to deliver pieces of the asteroid Ryugu to Earth on Dec. 5, and NASA's OSIRIS-REx probe collected samples of the space rock Bennu in late October. The Bennu samples are scheduled to come home in September 2023.
Editor's note:This story was updated at 12 p.m. EST with additional details on Chang'e 5's successful moon landing from the China National Space Administration.
Mike Wall is the author of "Out There" (Grand Central Publishing, 2018; illustrated by Karl Tate), a book about the search for alien life.
China has reached a major milestone in its quest to bring home moon rocks, with its Chang'e 5 mission spacecraft separating into two pairs of vehicles in preparation for a lunar landing.
The Chang'e 5 spacecraft launched on Nov. 23 intent on becoming the first mission to bring lunar samples to Earth since 1976; the mission reached lunar orbit on Nov. 28. According to China's state-run news agency Xinhua, the mission's orbiter/return vehicle and its lander/ascender vehicle separated in lunar orbit yesterday (Nov. 29) at 3:40 p.m. EST (2040 GMT; 4:40 a.m. Beijing time on Nov. 30). That move sets the stage for a landing near the peak of Mons Rümker, a mountain in the Oceanus Procellarum ("Ocean of Storms") region of the moon.
"The spacecraft is performing well and communication with ground control is normal," officials with China's National Space Administration (CNSA) said according to Xinhua.
China's Chang'e 5 moon lander and ascent vehicle separates from its orbiter/return vehicle early on Nov. 30, 2020 Beijing Time ahead of a landing in the moon's Ocean of Storms for a lunar sample-return mission. (Image credit: CCTV)
The lunar orbiter and the return spacecraft will continue circling the moon while the lander and ascent vehicle will head toward the lunar surface at a time yet to be announced by China. That landing should happen soon, as the solar-powered Chang'e 5 lander will only two weeks (one lunar day) in which to collect samples. The Chang'e 5 mission is expected to last about 23 days in all, CNSA officials have said.
If all goes well, the pair will touch down gently within the Oceanus Procellarum plain and collect about 4.4 lbs. (2 kilograms) of moon rock, including from a depth of about 6.5 feet (2 meters). Within two weeks, the samples will be packed into the ascent vehicle to blast off the lunar surface and meet up with the orbiting spacecraft.
China already has three active spacecraft on the lunar surface: the Chang'e 3 lander, which arrived in 2013, and the Chang'e 4 lander and Yutu 2 rover, which landed on the far side of the moon in January 2019. All of these missions are part of China's ambitious Chang'e lunar exploration program.
The Chang'e 5 mission is the country's first attempt at a sample-return mission. If it is successful, it will return its moon rock samples to China in mid-December.
Email Meghan Bartels at mbartels@space.com or follow her on Twitter @meghanbartels.
The M4.4-class solar flare was a medium-strength sun storm.
The most powerful solar flare in over three years erupted on Nov. 29, 2020. (Image credit: NASA/SDO/AIA/EVE/HMI)
The sun unleashed its most powerful solar eruption in more than three years on Sunday (Nov. 29).
The solar flare, which is a sudden, bright explosion of electromagnetic energy, measured as an M4.4 on the scale astronomers use for sun storms. M-class flares are medium-sized eruptions (compared to small C-class flares and large X-class flares) and rank on a scale from 1 to 9, with larger numbers representing stronger flares.
The M4.4 flare's bright burst was accompanied by a coronal mass ejection, which can often accompany solar flares. Coronal mass ejections are large releases of plasma and magnetic fields from the sun's corona, or its outermost layer.
This flare kicked off a brand new solar cycle (solar cycle 25), which began in December 2019 and was announced in September. The previous solar cycle ran from 2008 to 2019 and, while this new solar activity phase started off with this powerful explosion, scientists estimate that it will be fairly quiet, much like solar cycle 24 before it.
Solar weather follows an 11-year activity cycle and tracking these cycles and the sun's ever-changing activity is critical not just for science but also for our daily lives here on Earth. Solar flares and coronal mass ejections release incredible bursts of electromagnetic radiation. These sudden energy expulsions can be so intense that their effects can reach Earth, causing radio blackouts and other technological disruptions.
But, while X-class solar flares might be capable of causing radio blackouts around the globe, M-class flares like the one we experienced on Sunday typically trigger only minor consequences on our home planet.
With this bright burst, X-rays and ultraviolet radiation from the solar flare created a shortwave radio blackout over the Southern Atlantic ocean, astronomer Tony Phillips reported at Spaceweather.com, detailing some of the technological effects of this flare.
Although the flare appeared as an M-class from Earth, it may actually have been a stronger flare, since the event took place partially behind the sun. "The explosion was partially eclipsed by the body of the sun. It might have been an X-class event," Phillips wrote. Spacecraft had a better view of the flare, however, so soon we should have more clarification on the exact size of the event.
Email Chelsea Gohd at cgohd@space.com or follow her on Twitter @chelsea_gohd.
Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.
It’s happened again, another monolith has disappeared. Following in its Utah counterpart’s footsteps, the Romanian monolith has suddenly vanished.
The monolith was placed near an ancient Dacian Fortress dating back to B.C. times. Now only a shallow, rubble-holding, square-shaped hole is the only thing that remains of the structure, as seen in a video posted by Jurnal FM.
"Hi.
UPDATE: The Romanian monolith has disappeared.," the editor-in-chief of local newspaper Ziar Piatra Neamt, which first reported the monolith's existence, wrote in an email to me this morning.
The monolith’s disappearance occurred Monday. It also happened to be the night of Saint Andrews Day—which is associated with supernatural activity like sinister wolves being able to talk and people turning into werewolves, according to the Romania-Insider.
“The monolith found near the archaeological site of an old Dacian Stronghold disappeared on the night of Saint Andrew, when reportedly, a bright light surrounded the object,” Journal FM reported. “Locals thought the light came from a car, but the light pointed towards the sky.”
Still no word on how the silver monolith arrived in the Romanian town of Piatra Neamt. This one was a seemingly more scrappy, off-brand version of its stoic Utahnian cousin, as its face showed scratches and etched designs mimicking that of notebook doodles.
However, we may now know what happened to the original monolith.
According to an Instagram post by photographer Ross Bernards, four men came to the site after Bernards had finished snapping some shots of the internet-famous structure. They had a wheelbarrow with them and started pushing against the structure until it finally fell.
“They quickly broke it apart as they were carrying the wheelbarrow that they had brought one of them looked back at us and said ‘leave no trace,’” Bernards post reads. “If you’re asking why we didn’t's stop them well, they were right to take it out. We stayed the night and the next day hiked to a hill top overlooking the area where we say at least 70 different cars (and a plane) in and out. Cars parking everywhere in the delicate desert landscape. Mother Nature is an artist, it’s best to leave the art in the wild to her.”
Not many discoveries hailed as “this changes everything” events actually, do, but a new find adds meat to the skeleton of the history of Monte Albán – the pre-Columbian archeological site at modern-day Oaxaca that contains one of the earliest known Mesoamerican cities and artifacts of its residents, the highly-advanced Zapotec culture that ruled the area for over 1000 years. Researchers from the University of Oklahoma, using ground-penetrating radar, have identified a massive building in the Main Plaza, along with a better picture of what the plaza looked like during its heyday – a picture of monuments and structures that is likened to the National Mall in Washington, D.C..
Marc Levine, assistant curator of archaeology at the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and assistant professor in the Department of Anthropology, College of Arts and Sciences, made the discovery using lidar laser imaging, drones, land-based ground-penetrating radar, electrical resistance and gradiometry (measures magnetic fields and gravity) to create new high resolution 3-D images of the Main Plaza and its buried buildings and statues. While much has been uncovered by excavation and erosion, the new images show a previously unknown, extremely large building that was probably a temple – making it a key to learning more about the highly ceremonial and ritualistic Zapotec society.
The Zapotecs developed a calendar and a system of writing that used a separate glyph to represent each of the syllables of the language that is believed to be one of the first writing systems of Mesoamerica, predating Maya, Mixtec and Aztec civilizations. Their architecture shows a high degree of artisanship, with elaborate carvings on their mortar and stone structures. Their religion was polytheistic, with their gods generally related to fertility agriculture — Cocijo, the rain god, Coquihani, the god of light and Pitao Cozobi, the god of maize. Jewelry, beads, shells and other precious stone artifacts found in the mounds of the area are related to the rituals, especially obsidian blades which were used in sacrifices and bloodletting rituals
The Zapotec calendar predates that of the Aztecs (above)
Which brings us back to the “this changes everything” temple. Its discovery solidifies the Main Plaza’s role as the center of everything in Monte Albán. However, the real game-changer is the rest of the 3-D images around it. Leveine explains that the Zapotecs placed every monument and every building in the plaza in a certain location and orientation to the others to define and display their significance. The 3-D map will help him and his team discern their meanings – a project he expects will take at least two years.
OK, this may not sound earth-shattering to the layperson, but archeologists and historians know that learning more about the civilization of the sophisticated Zapotecs helps explain and appreciate the rich cultures of Mesoamerica before the more-studied Aztecs and Maya – cultures that rivaled their counterparts around the world in learning, architecture, societies, sports and religions. They were so much more than the human-sacrificing caricatures depicted in history books and movies.
If this discovery changes how Mesoamerican cultures are shown in movies before the Europeans arrived, that would truly change everything.
A mysterious metal monolith has appeared in Romania this week after another similar structure found in the remoteUtah desert was removed by an 'unknown party'.
The shiny triangular pillar was found on Batca Doamnei Hill in the city of Piatra Neamt in northern Romania last Thursday.
It was spotted a few metres away from the well-known archaeological landmark the Petrodava Dacian Fortress, an fort built by the ancient Dacian people between 82 BC and AD 106.
The peculiar find comes after a similar monolith was found in the Utah desert with no explanation, sparking wry speculation that it could have been the work of aliens, but is more likely the work of a prankster inspired by science fiction novel 2001: A Space Odyssey.
In the book by Arthur C Clarke, later made into a film by Stanley Kubrick, a monolith first appears on Earth in Africa three million years ago and appears to confer intelligence upon a starving tribe of great apes to develop tools.
A mysterious metal monolith has appeared in Romania after another similar structure found in the remote Utah desert was removed by an 'unknown party'
The shiny triangular pillar was found on Batca Doamnei Hill in the city of Piatra Neamt in northern Romania last Thursday.
It was spotted a few metres away from the well-known archaeological landmark the Petrodava Dacian Fortress, which is the oldest historical monument in Piatra Neamt.
2001: A Space Odyssey is a 1968 science fiction novel by Arthur C Clarke, later made into a film with the same name by Stanley Kubrick.
In the book, a monolith first appears on Earth in Africa three million years ago and appears to confer intelligence upon a starving tribe of giant apes to develop tools.
The monolith is used as a tool by an alien race to investigate worlds across the galaxy and to encourage the development of intelligent life.
In the book, the tribe approach the monolith, and unknown to them, their minds were being studied and their actions controlled by an alien race.
The great apes use their tools to kill animals to eat meat to end their starvation, and to kill a predatory leopard.
The next day, the main character, Moon-Watcher, uses a club to kill the leader of a rival tribe of apes, leading to an awakening of intelligence and the development of humans.
The book explores technological innovation and traces the development of humans from great apes. It considers the evolution that has led to intelligent life.
When 2001: A Space Odyssey was written, humans had not yet set foot on the moon. The book offers a glimpse of Clarke's imagination of what space exploration might look like.
The monolith is used as a tool by an alien race to investigate worlds across the galaxy and to encourage the development of intelligent life.
In the book, the great apes use their tools to kill animals to eat meat to end their starvation, and to kill a predatory leopard. The next day, the main character uses a club to kill the leader of a rival tribe of apes, leading to an awakening of intelligence and the development of humans.
In Utah, the pillar, which protruded approximately 12 feet from the red rocks in southern Utah, was spotted last Wednesday by baffled local BLM officials who were counting bighorn sheep from a helicopter.
However the three-sided structure was removed by an 'unknown party' on Friday evening, the Bureau of Land Management Utah said in a statement.
News of the discovery in Utah quickly went viral online, with many noting the object's similarity to the strange alien monoliths that trigger huge leaps in human progress in Kubrick's classic sci-fi film '2001: A Space Odyssey.'
In Romania, the triangular structure has a height of about 13 feet and one side faces Mount Ceahlau, known locally as the Holy Mountain.
It is one of the most famous mountains in Romania, and is listed as one of the seven natural wonders of the country.
Romanian officials still do not know who is responsible for erecting the mysterious monolith.
Neamt Culture and Heritage official Rocsana Josanu said: 'We have started looking into the strange appearance of the monolith.
'It is on private property, but we still don't know who the monolith's owner is yet. It is in a protected area on an archaeological site.'
She added: 'Before installing something there, they needed permission from our institution, one that must then be approved by the Ministry of Culture.'
A mysterious monolith that was found in the remote Utah desert has been removed by an 'unknown party', according to officials
The shiny, triangular pillar, which protruded approximately 12 feet from the red rocks of southern Utah, was spotted last Wednesday by baffled local officials counting bighorn sheep from the air
However the three-sided structure was removed (pictured) by 'an unknown party' on Friday evening, the Bureau of Land Management Utah said in a statement
The Utah monolith provoked arguments about tourists who drove huge distances to see the monolith and were accused of trashing the location, which authorities had tried to keep secret to avoid people getting lost.
But many tracked down the co-ordinates and published them - leading people to drive many hours through the night to reach the 12ft aluminium structure.
And it was revealed that a similar version appeared nearly 20 years ago on New Years Day in Seattle.
However access to the site involved a 45-minute off-road drive on a dirt track many miles from any major town at 10mph - and then a 15-minute hike up a dry stream bed.
Across the globe UFO spotters and conspiracy theorists became obsessed with the shiny, triangular pillar.
Officials suggest it could be have been constructed by an artist or a huge fan of 2001: Space Odyssey - the structure resembles the machines found in Arthur C. Clarke's story (pictured)
Though the structure was only discovered by authorities this month, Google Earth images show it had been standing since at least 2015 or 2016.
Lieutenant Nick Street, a spokesman for the Department of Public Safety, said it's possible the structure had been there for '40, 50 years, maybe more.'
'It's the type of material that doesn't degrade with the elements. It may only be a few years old, who knows. There's no real way based on the material it's made out of how long it's actually been there,' he said on Tuesday.
Others pointed out the object's resemblance to the avant-garde work of John McCracken, an American artist who lived for a time in nearby New Mexico, and died in 2011.
McCracken was known for his freestanding sculptures in the shape of pyramids, cubes, or sleek slabs.
The monolith most closely resembles McCracken's plank-like sculptures featured at his exhibit at the David Zwirner art gallery in New York.
On Tuesday a spokeswoman for David Zwirner said it was not one of McCracken's works, but possibly by a fellow artist paying homage.
However later in the day Zwirner gave another statement which suggested the piece was indeed by McCracken, meaning it had lain undiscovered in the desert for nearly a decade.
'The gallery is divided on this,' Zwirner said. 'I believe this is definitely by John.'
One explorer crouches beside the triangular top which has been left next to a stack of rocks
A stack of rocks has been left next to the triangular top of the monolith which has been removed by an 'unknown party'
The BLM said in a Facebook post on Saturday: 'We have received credible reports that the illegally installed structure, referred to as the 'monolith' has been removed from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) public lands by an unknown party'
Some observers also pointed out the object's resemblance to the avant-garde work of John McCracken (left) an American artist who lived for a time in nearby New Mexico, and died in 2011. He was known for his freestanding sculptures in the shape of pyramids, cubes, or sleek slabs (right)
Utah: Officials have refused to disclose the metal obelisk's location out of fear that curious sightseers would flock to the remote wilderness, but internet sleuths managed to pinpoint its position nonetheless. Google Earth images show it has been there since 2016 or 2015
A view of the mystery monolith in Magnuson Park in Seattle pictured on January 2, 2001
Utah has a history of 'land art,' unusual installations that cropped up far from population centers in the 1960s and '70s.
The most famous, Spiral Jetty, a 1,500-foot-long coil by artist Robert Smithson in 1970 that's composed entirely of mud, salt crystals and basalt.
Located on the northeastern edge of the Great Salt Lake near Rozel Point, the jetty appears and disappears depending on water levels.
So far, no one has stepped forward to claim responsibility for the monolith, though.
If this late surge keeps up, 2020 may not just be known as the Year of the COVID but also the Year of the Monolith. Just days after a mysterious monolith was discovered in a Utah desert – only to disappear just as mysteriously – another mysterious monolith appeared in Romania. If it’s not aliens, is it a global art project, an elaborate worldwide prank, undercover government antennas or a 2020 version of the Tide Pod Challenge?
Let’s catch up with the Utah monolith first. Discovered by Utah Department of Public Safety Aero Bureau workers conducting a helicopter count of big horn sheep in a southeastern Utah desert, they landed after seeing the odd object and their pictures and comments quickly went viral. The age of the monolith could not be determined, but Google Earth images showed it had been there a few years and some suggested, because the area was so remote, it could have been installed decades ago – illegally, as the government was quick to point out, because no permit for putting it on private land was ever issued. The 12-foot-tall silver triangular monolith spawned a myriad of rumors from aliens to strange cults, but because it appeared to be manmade, ‘an art project by the late artist John McCracken or one of his imitators’ was the likely winner. Unfortunately, before that could be verified, the Utah monolith disappeared on November 27, taken away by “an unknown party,” according to the Bureau of Land Management.
What about the bighorn – did they ever finish counting them?
Meanwhile, in Romania …
“We have started looking into the strange appearance of the monolith. It is on private property, but we still don’t know who the monolith’s owner is yet. It is in a protected area on an archaeological site. Before installing something there, they needed permission from our institution, one that must then be approved by the Ministry of Culture.”
Neamt Culture and Heritage official Rocsana Josanu reported on November 26 the discovery of another monolith (photos and video here), very similar in size (13 feet tall) to the Utah one, at what many call the Holy Mountain or the Mount Olympus of Romania — Ceahlău Massif (Ceahlau Mountain — seen in feature image above), one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Romania. (Who knew Romania had one wonder, let alone seven?) If that’s not enough of a scandal, the monolith is just meters away from the Petrodava Dacian Fortress, one of six fortresses built between the first century BCE and the first century CE by the Dacians, a dominant culture in the area predating the Romans. The fortresses were built to defend the Dacians in the two Roman-Dacian Wars, which unfortunately ended with a Roman conquest.
This is a bigger deal to Romania than the Utah one was in the U.S. because it’s not only on private property but also in a protected area on an archeological site and a holy mountain of the Dacians with its own holiday. For anything to be built there, it needed to be approved by both the Neamt Culture and Heritage group and the Romanian Minister of Culture. Guess which ones it didn’t have?
Other Dacian ruins and monuments in Romania
So, what’s up with the monoliths all of a sudden? Both the Utah and Romanian structures appear to be manmade – the Utah one disappeared before it could be dismantled and traced, but the Romanian one appears to still be there and, because it’s on protected land in a popular tourist area, may be under heavy guard. Perhaps it can give clues to the origin of both.
In the meantime, isn’t it nice to find something in 2020 that isn’t contagious and deadly… or are they?
It started as a hunting trip with a couple of friends. On September 4, 1964, 28-year-old Donald Shrum went on a bow hunting excursion to a place called Cisco Grove, in Placer County, California, along with a group of friends. They had gone out hunting in the area many times before, so there was at first no reason to suspect that this would be any different from any of their other trips, yet there would be a series of events that would play out that would end in one of the most bizarre alien encounters on record.
At some point during the day, Shrum apparently got so caught up in trying to track down deer that he became separated from the rest of the group. As night began to fall and the trees grew dark, he decided that it would be better to just hunker down for the night and catch up with the others at camp in the morning, and so he took up a position up in a tree. As he sat up there listening to the sounds of the night and trying to find elusive sleep, his attention was suddenly drawn to a strange white light in the sky that seemed to be moving in a sort of zig zagging pattern and looked to descend below the tree line. As Shrum watched, it seemed as the object was bobbing along to approach his position, and although he could not hear any noise, he assumed it was a helicopter.
Curiosity got the better of him, and so he dismounted from his safe perch up in the tree to try and go get a closer look. He suspected that it might be a search party out looking for him after he failed to return to camp, and so he launched a flare to let them know where he was, after which the light rapidly came right towards him, coming to within 50 feet and showing itself to be no normal helicopter. In fact, Shrum would describe it as a glowing, cigar-shaped object that was immense, around 14 stories tall. From this object a smaller one detached and supposedly came to rest not far away, which was enough to send Shrum scurrying back up into his tree for safety. He allegedly cowered there in the shadows in hiding for some time until he heard the sound of what sounded like people walking through the brush below, yet when he peeked down, he could see that these were no normal people at all.
Shrum would claim that he saw three entities, two of them humanoids standing about 5 feet tall and wearing silver coveralls and goggles of some sort, while the third was a hulking robotic creature with glowing orange eyes. These entities approached the tree and much to Shrum’s horror the robot began shaking it violently with incredible strength, in an apparent effort to get Shrum out of it. The terrified man hung on for dear life as these otherworldly beings continued their siege of his tree, and at some point during this ordeal he claims that the robotic entity emitted some kind of white vapor from its mouth, which had a strange odor and caused him to black out. He woke up some time later feeling nauseous and lethargic, but still up in his tree. Unfortunately, his aggressors were still there as well, and Shrum threw some lit matches and other items at them in a pathetic attempt to scare them off, before finally remembering his bow and using that to fire on them, hitting the robot three times to send sparks flying, but doing very little actual damage.
In the end, Shrum’s bow and arrow assault did not dissuade the outlandish beings, and indeed a second robot much like the first soon joined them. Once again, the robots released that toxic gas to render him unconscious, and once again he awoke feeling sick, only this time the aliens had gotten bolder and were actually climbing up the tree. Shrum managed to pelt them with various objects he had on him and they climbed back down to circle and shake the tree. This would go on all night, until the coming of dawn, when they apparently sent nearly a dozen of those robotic things at him and caused him to black out once more with a volumous cloud of that smoke. However, this time when he woke he was oddly hanging from a branch by his belt and they were all gone as if they had never been there at all.
In the light of day Shrum was able to make his way back to camp, where he learned one of his friends had also seen the UFO the previous night. Shrum would come forward with his bizarre tale and even talk to Air Force personnel about it, who were very eager to write it off as either fantasy or someone playing a prank on him. We are left to wonder what it really was he saw, what those creatures were, and perhaps most importantly, why they weren’t able to get him out of that tree despite having vapor spewing robot goons. One interesting point was made by The Iron Skeptic, who says:
Another thing is the way that the aliens are reported to have acted. Think about this for a moment: They could conquer the non-trivial challenge of interstellar travel, but they can’t get a guy out of a tree? That’s ridiculous. That’s like Andre the Giant not being able to open a jar of pickles. One way or another, those pickles are coming out of there. Either these aliens were the absolute stupidest, most bumbling, least competent abductors ever to grace the good green earth, or they had a reason for leaving the terrified man up that tree.
Their actions do, to some extent, appear similar to the actions of the Hopkinsville Goblins or the tiny, wrinkled little men that scared the hell out of some drunkards in Ririe, Idaho in the sixties: the aliens don’t seem to really want anything other than to scare the hell out of some people. The UFO enthusiasts claim that sometimes, aliens just like to screw around with people they abduct, apparently to gauge their reactions. For instance, sometimes they’ll show abductees apocalyptic images of the world being destroyed, just to see how the human will react. Could this just be some evil, alien psychology experiment?
It is an intriguing point to consider, and makes one wonder. How indeed did these forces not manage to get this one guy down from a tree, and was there some mysterious motive for it all? The case is certainly one of the stranger out there, and has remained amazingly under the radar for the most part. Whatever one may think of such far out reports, a case of a guy hiding in a tree while robot aliens attack him certainly is not something you see every day, and it is a truly outlandish case that will most likely remain confined to the outer fringe.
Chinese verkenner die voor eerst in 44 jaar stenen mee terug moet nemen, succesvol geland op de maan
Een onbemande verkenner uit China is vandaag op de maan geland. De Chang'e 5 gaat er komende dagen bodemmonsters verzamelen. Daarmee moet hij vervolgens terugvliegen naar de aarde. De laatste keer dat maanstenen naar de aarde werden gebracht, was in 1976.
De verkenner was vorige week gelanceerd vanuit China. Zijn nieuwe werkplek is Mons Rümker, een oude vulkanische formatie op het noordelijk halfrond van de maan. Die is ongeveer 1 miljard jaar geleden gevormd en is daarmee jonger dan veel plekken op de maan die tot nu toe verkend zijn.
De Chang'e 5 gaat tot een diepte van 2 meter graven. Het is de bedoeling dat hij daarna met ongeveer 2 kilo aan maanstenen terugkeert naar de aarde. In de loop van december moet hij landen op de uitgestrekte grasvlakten van Binnen-Mongolië. Wetenschappers kunnen de stenen dan onder de apparatuur in hun labo’s leggen. Zo willen ze een beter beeld krijgen van de samenstelling en de geschiedenis van de maan.
Een 'sample return mission' is heel complex. Een ruimtevaartorganisatie voert eigenlijk een dubbele missie uit: een vaartuig moet van de aarde gelanceerd worden, de oversteek van bijna 400.000 kilometer maken, in een baan rond de maan komen, veilig landen en materiaal verzamelen, maar moet daarna opnieuw gelanceerd worden, de oversteek terug maken en ook veilig op aarde landen.
China wordt de laatste decennia steeds actiever in de ruimtevaart. Het land werkt heel af en toe samen met een ander land, maar doet het voor het grootste deel zelf. In 2003 ging voor het eerst een Chinese 'taikonaut' de ruimte in. In 2013 landde voor het eerst een Chinees karretje op de maan. Eerder dit jaar vertrok een onbemande Chinese verkenner naar Mars, waar hij volgend jaar moet aankomen. In de komende jaren wil China ook een eigen ruimtestation bouwen.
De laatste geslaagde 'sample return mission' naar de maan, was de missie Luna 24 van de Sovjet-Unie. Die vloog in augustus 1976 naar de maan en keerde tien dagen later terug met 170 gram stenen. De twaalf Amerikanen die op de maan hebben rondgelopen, hebben ook allerlei stenen mee teruggenomen.
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John Lear & Richard C Hoagland: Antarctica AntiGravity Ships & Moon Structures & Retro Engineering of Ancient Technology
John Lear & Richard C Hoagland: Antarctica AntiGravity Ships & Moon Structures & Retro Engineering of Ancient Technology
John Lear & Richard C Hoagland: Antarctica AntiGravity Ships & Moon Structures & Retro Engineering of Ancient Technology
COAST TO COAST AM INSIDER Archived Show – Former aviation pilot John Lear returned for a discussion about photographic evidence for cities and mining operations on the He said that mining operations for such substances as helium-3 have been going on for years, and that antigravity ships, secretly launched from Antarctica, arrive at the moon in only one hour’s time.
Joining the conversation Richard C. Hoagland concurred with Lear that there are artificial structures on the moon, yet he suggested they may be ancient rather than new.
Antarctica Nazi Fourth Reich Exposed By Paul Hellyer Former Canadian Former Minister of National Defense
Antarctica Nazi Fourth Reich Exposed By Paul Hellyer Former Canadian Former Minister of National Defense
Paul Hellyer Exposes 4th Reich While Doug Ford Calls On Military To Enforce Unproven Vaccines. NDB
This should send a shiver down the planet’s spine. I show a short clip from Leak Project with former Canadian Minister of Defense on the subject of the 4th Reich rising on the planet, explaining how the Nazis were never defeated and at the same time, Doug Ford locks down Ontario and tells people he will be using the military to distribute vaccines across the province that are not even tested, while at the same time, the Ontario government is trying to pass legislation absolving them from all liabilities from the “Virus” and of any damages from the vaccine.
The Bible warned the world that Satan would return after the great Sign In Heaven. A stark warning from Nostradamus to those who take the Mark Of The Beast. It’s the vaccine. Buckle down for the final showdown. You will gag when you see what just appeared over New Zealand. The Eye Of Saturn has returned to the earth. Love you lots! Much more coming up. Naughty Beaver
Mysterious Monolith Similar To One Found In Utah Appears On Romanian Hillside - Original One Has Vanished
Mysterious Monolith Similar To One Found In Utah Appears On Romanian Hillside - Original One Has Vanished
A metal monolith identical to the one recently found in Utah has appeared on a hillside in Romania, just metres away from a historic fortress. The structure was found on BatcaDoamnei Hill in the city of Piatra Neamt, which is situated in Romania’s north-eastern Neamt County, on 26 November.
Officials say they still do not know who the monolith belongs to, and have launched an investigation into why it’s there. The monolith – which has a height of around four metres – was discovered close to the Petrodava Dacian Fortress, a well-known archaeological landmark.
The fortress is the oldest historical monument in Piatra Neamt, and is believed to have been destroyed by the Romans in the 2nd Century AD – although the remains can still be seen today in the form of parts of the city wall.
The shiny monolith has appeared just metres away, with one side facing Mount Ceahlau, known locally as the Holy Mountain. It is one of the country’s most famous mountains, and is also listed as one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Romania. Neamt Culture and Heritage official Rocsana Josanu said: “We have started looking into the strange appearance of the monolith.
“It is on private property, but we still don’t know who the monolith’s owner is yet. It is in a protected area on an archaeological site.” She added: “Before installing something there, they needed permission from our institution, one that must then be approved by the Ministry of Culture.”
The mysterious monolith is similar to one recently found in the desert in Utah. That one has now actually disappeared, according to the state’s Bureau of Land Management, which said it had received ‘credible reports’ the object had been removed by ‘an unknown party’.
In a statement posted on Facebook, the Bureau said: “We have received credible reports that the illegally installed structure, referred to as the ‘monolith’, has been removed from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) public lands by an unknown party.
Black Object With Legs Seen Over Mexico City, 2015, UFO Sighting News.
Black Object With Legs Seen Over Mexico City, 2015, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: 2015 Location of sighting: Mexico City, Mexico
The details about this old sighting are vague, but the video looks real and never before have I ever seen such a UFO. The object looks like a giant black beetle It makes me wonder if aliens are taking their designs after things in nature. Nevertheless...this UFO real or not...has an ominous look about it that makes me want to step back.
UFO Fleet Over Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Nov 25, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Fleet Over Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Nov 25, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Nov 25, 2020 Location of sighting: Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
Here we have some raw footage of some lights in the sky over the city of Harrisburg. The lights are moving around in circular patterns, which means they are not Chinese lanterns or balloons. These objects create an even space between each other and follow on another. This is 100% proof that aliens are over Harrisburg!
Alien Ship Cloaked As Cloud Over Manisa, Turkey, Near Aegean Sea, Nov 27, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Alien Ship Cloaked As Cloud Over Manisa, Turkey, Near Aegean Sea, Nov 27, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:Nov 27, 2020 Location of sighting: Manisa, Turkey, At Aegean Sea
The eyewitness was in the city of Manisa and caught sight of this moon shaped UFO over the city. Its very similar to some other UFOs seen around the world, but mostly...similar to the UFO seen and recorded for months by a security guard who saw the same craft but metallic over the Black Sea. This is 100% real, its the same craft, but cloaked as a cloud, I would recognize it anywhere. I will place one of the old Turkey UFO videos below for you to compare. You can even see a pilot in the old video.
UK Hacker Gary McKinnon Who Saw Off World Soldiers & Ships On US Gov Computers! UFO Sighting News.
UK Hacker Gary McKinnon Who Saw Off World Soldiers & Ships On US Gov Computers! UFO Sighting News.
Here is a video I put together about 7-10 years ago, still means everything because its 100% true. And most people today seem to have forgotten what Gary did and what Gary found.
It's not often a pure soul comes along with such knowledge and skills and turns the world of UFO research upside-down over night, but the valiant Gary McKinnon (The Peoples Champion) has done just that. Why did the US want Gary so badly? That's easy, on some of the computers he hacked into, he discovered files about twenty to thirty non-terrestrial officers (off world). He saw their ranks, and ship to ship transfers off world. He believes the US gov is using reverse-engeneered technology that they recovered from UFO crashes. Gary was fearless as he hacked into the Army, Navy, Air Force, DOD (Dept. of Defense) and NASA.
Mysterious Monolith Similar To One Found In Utah Appears On Romanian Hillside
Mysterious Monolith Similar To One Found In Utah Appears On Romanian Hillside
Ametal monolith identical to the one recently found in Utah has appeared on a hillside in Romania, just metres away from a historic fortress. The structure was found on BatcaDoamnei Hill in the city of Piatra Neamt, which is situated in Romania's north-eastern Neamt County, on 26 November.
Officials say they still do not know who the monolith belongs to, and have launched an investigation into why it's there. The monolith - which has a height of around four metres - was discovered close to the Petrodava Dacian Fortress, a well-known archaeological landmark.
The fortress is the oldest historical monument in Piatra Neamt, and is believed to have been destroyed by the Romans in the 2nd Century AD - although the remains can still be seen today in the form of parts of the city wall.
The shiny monolith has appeared just metres away, with one side facing Mount Ceahlau, known locally as the Holy Mountain. It is one of the country's most famous mountains, and is also listed as one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Romania. Neamt Culture and Heritage official Rocsana Josanu said: "We have started looking into the strange appearance of the monolith.
"It is on private property, but we still don't know who the monolith's owner is yet. It is in a protected area on an archaeological site." She added: "Before installing something there, they needed permission from our institution, one that must then be approved by the Ministry of Culture."
The mysterious monolith is similar to one recently found in the desert in Utah. That one has now actually disappeared, according to the state's Bureau of Land Management, which said it had received 'credible reports' the object had been removed by 'an unknown party'.
In a statement posted on Facebook, the Bureau said: "We have received credible reports that the illegally installed structure, referred to as the 'monolith', has been removed from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) public lands by an unknown party.
5 unidentified flying objects filmed over Powell, Ohio
5 unidentified flying objects filmed over Powell, Ohio
These five UFOs were caught on tape in the sky above Powell in Ohio on 12th November 2020.
Witness report:
On 11/12/20 at approx. 8:02 PM, five objects were observed to be hovering in the sky. Bottom left object moves slowly towards the left and one flash of light is seen about 11 seconds in. Objects appear to change shape or move in place. Size and distance is unknown.
THE US ARMY IS DEVELOPING TECH THAT READS SOLDIERS’ MINDS
THE US ARMY IS DEVELOPING TECH THAT READS SOLDIERS’ MINDS
US ARMY
DAN ROBITZSKI
Radio Silence
The U.S. Army is pouring money into neuroscience research, in a bid to try and decode the meaning behind different brain signals.
The ultimate goal — likely still far in the future — is to build a system that would allow soldiers to communicate with nothing more than their thoughts, according to C4ISRNET. It’s a bold initiative that highlights the bizarre ways medical technology could change the very nature of warfare — and soldiers themselves.
Mind Literate
The Army Research Office (ARO) has committed to spending $6.25 million on the project over the next five years, C4ISRNET reports. That’s chump change, obviously, and the reality is that the military is still a long way off from deploying telepathic cyborg troops into battle.
For now, ARO neuroscientists say they’ve learned to decode and parse the neural signals that direct behavior from the rest of the brain’s output. It’s not quite mind reading, but it’s an important first step toward actually understanding what different brain signals mean.
“Here we’re not only measuring signals, but we’re interpreting them,” ARO program manager Hamid Krim told C4ISRNET.
Moving Ahead
The next step, Krim explained, is to decode other categories of brain signals so that a computer would eventually be able to interpret a soldier’s thoughts.
“You can read anything you want; doesn’t mean that you understand it,” Krim told C4ISRNET. “The next step after that is to be able to understand it. At the end of the day, that is the original intent mainly: to have the computer actually being in a full duplex communication mode with the brain.”
Early versions of the Bible describe Goliath — an ancient Philistine warrior best known as the loser of a fight with the future King David — as a giant whose height in ancient terms reached four cubits and a span. But don’t take that measurement literally, new research suggests.
Archaeological findings at biblical-era sites including Goliath’s home city, a prominent Philistine settlement called Gath, indicate that those ancient measurements work out to 2.38 meters, or 7 feet, 10 inches. That’s equal to the width of walls forming a gateway into Gath that were unearthed in 2019, according to archaeologist Jeffrey Chadwick of Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah.
Rather than standing taller than any NBA player ever, Goliath was probably described metaphorically by an Old Testament writer as a warrior who matched the size and strength of Gath’s defensive barrier, Chadwick said November 19 at the virtual annual meeting of the American Schools of Oriental Research.
People known as Canaanites first occupied Gath in the early Bronze Age, roughly 4,700 to 4,500 years ago. The city was rebuilt more than a millennium later by the Philistines, known from the Old Testament as enemies of the Israelites (SN: 11/22/16). Gath reached its peak during the Iron Age around 3,000 years ago, the time of biblical references to Goliath. Scholars continue to debate whether David and Goliath were real people who met in battle around that time.
The remains of Gath are found at a site called Tell es-Safi in Israel. A team led by archaeologist Aren Maeir of Bar-Ilan University in Ramat-Gan, Israel — who Chadwick collaborated with to excavate the Gath gateway — has investigated Tell es-Safi since 1996. Other discoveries at Gath include a pottery fragment inscribed with two names possibly related to the name Goliath. Evidence of Gath’s destruction about 2,850 years ago by an invading army has also been recovered.
Each of four inner pillars of an Iron Age gateway at et-Tell (possibly the biblical city of Bethsaida), including this one, measures 2.38 meters, or four cubits and a span, wide. That’s the same width as walls at Goliath’s home city, Gath, and the same height that an Old Testament writer used to describe Goliath.ERIC WELCH
Archaeologists have long known that in ancient Egypt a cubit corresponded to 52.5 centimeters and assumed that the same measure was used at Gath and elsewhere in and around ancient Israel. But careful evaluations of many excavated structures over the last several years have revealed that standard measures differed slightly between the two regions, Chadwick said.
Buildings at Gath and several dozen other cities from ancient Israel and nearby kingdoms of Judah and Philistia, excavated by other teams, were constructed based on three primary measurements, Chadwick has found. Those include a 54-centimeter cubit (versus the 52.5-centimeter Egyptian cubit), a 38-centimeter short cubit and a 22-centimeter span that corresponds to the distance across an adult’s outstretched hand.
Dimensions of masonry at these sites display various combinations of the three measurements, Chadwick said. At a settlement called et-Tell in northern Israel, for instance, two pillars at the front of the city gate are each 2.7 meters wide, or five 54-centimeter cubits. Each of four inner pillars at the city gate measure 2.38 meters wide, or four 54-centimeter cubits and a 22-centimeter span. Excavators of et-Tell regard it as the site of a biblical city called Bethsaida.
Chadwick’s 2019 excavations found one of presumably several gateways that allowed access to Gath through the city’s defensive walls. Like the inner pillars of et-Tell’s city gate, Gath’s gate walls measured 2.38 meters wide, or four cubits and a span, the same as Goliath’s biblical stature.
“The ancient writer used a real architectural metric from that time to describe Goliath’s height, likely to indicate that he was as big and strong as his city’s walls,” Chadwick said.
Although the research raises the possibility that Goliath’s recorded size referred to the width of a city wall, Chadwick “will need to do more research to move this beyond an intriguing idea,” says archaeologist and Old Testament scholar Gary Arbino of Gateway Seminary in Mill Valley, Calif. For one thing, Arbino suggests, it needs to be established that the measure applied to Goliath, four cubits and a span, was commonly used at the time as a phrase that figuratively meant “big and strong.”
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
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