Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 10 MONTHS.
ON 06/04/2024 MORE THAN 1.951.050
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
28-02-2022
Cosmic shock! Astronomers create detailed images of the largest shockwave in the universe, finding it is 6.5 MILLION light years across - about 60 times larger than the Milky Way
Cosmic shock! Astronomers create detailed images of the largest shockwave in the universe, finding it is 6.5 MILLION light years across - about 60 times larger than the Milky Way
Astronomers made use of the MeerKAT radio telescope array in South Africa
They were able to capture images of the massive cosmic shockwave Abell 3667
These shockwaves are produced from the collision of two large galaxy clusters
These clusters can hold up to thousands of galaxies, each with billions of stars
When they collide it produces the largest events since the start of the universe
A massive cosmic shockwave, stretching 6.5 million light years across, has been studied by a team of astronomers, explaining it is the largest visible from Earth.
These gigantic shock waves are larger than our entire galaxy, and form when clusters of galaxies collide, according to the researchers led by the University of Hamburg.
Our universe is populated by galaxies that are not uniformly spread but concentrated in vast structures, with the largest containing thousands of galaxies.
Sometimes, two galaxy clusters start attracting each other via the force of gravity, leading to an inevitable collision - generating spectacular 'fireworks' that can be observed using modern radio telescopes, such as MeerKAT in South Africa.
A pair of combined galaxy clusters produce cosmic shockwaves that travel through the newly formed cluster, and astronomers, led by the University of Hamburg in Germany, have produced images of the largest ever observed.
It originated from galaxy cluster Abell 3667, and can provide insights into the structure of shock waves and galactic clusters, according to the astronomers.
A zoom-in on the largest of the two shock waves, where the complex filamentary structure is evident. Most of the visible galaxies are not part of the cluster, being either in the background or in front of it
These gigantic shock waves are larger than our entire galaxy, and form when clusters of galaxies collide, according to the researchers led by the University of Hamburg
The two galaxy clusters that produced the gigantic shockwave came together about a billion years ago, producing one of the most energetic events since the Big Bang.
Modern radio telescopes can witness the propagation of a pair of gigantic shock waves, produced by the two galactic clusters, as they pass through the newly formed cluster, similar to the sonic booms from supersonic aircraft.
'These structures are full of surprises and much more complex than what we initially thought', said Professor Francesco de Gasperin, lead author of the study.
The shock waves act as giant particle accelerators, similar to the Large Hadron Collider, where electrons are sped up close to the speed of light.
Our universe is populated by galaxies that are not uniformly spread but concentrated in vast structures, with the largest containing thousands of galaxies
Sometimes, two galaxy clusters start attracting each other via the force of gravity, leading to an inevitable collision - generating spectacular 'fireworks' that can be observed using modern radio telescopes, such as MeerKAT in South Africa
When these fast electrons cross a magnetic field they emit the radio waves that we see from the Earth using telescopes like MeerKAT.
The shocks are threaded by an intricate pattern of bright filaments that trace the location of both giant magnetic field lines, and the regions where the electrons are accelerated within the wave.
These shock waves are still propagating through the galaxy cluster that formed from the collision at an incredible 932 miles per second, or 3.3 million miles per hour.
This means that the shock front would cross the entire Earth in the time needed to read this sentence, Prof de Gasperin explained.
The size of the main shock wave is impressive, spanning the entire width of the galaxy cluster for a total size of 6.5 million light years. For comparison, the Milky Way, the galaxy we live in, is more than 60 times smaller than this shock wave.
'The presence of the shocks in Abell 3667 is detected using sharp changes in the properties of the hot gas, traced by its X-ray emission,' added Professor Alexis Finoguenov at the University of Helsinki, who assisted the research by analysing the X-ray data, collected by the XMM-Newton observatory.
WHAT IS THE COSMIC WEB OF FILAMENTS THAT THE UNIVERSE IS MADE UP OF?
'Ordinary' matter, which makes up everything we can see, corresponds to only five per cent of the known universe. The rest is made up of so-called 'dark matter.'
For decades, at least half of this regular matter had eluded detection, but scientists have in recent years made the first direct observations of a 'cosmic web' of filaments spanning between galaxies.
These filaments are made up of gas at temperatures between 100,000°C (180,032 °F) and 10 million°C (50 million°F) and the experts believe these structures may account for the 'missing' ordinary matter.
Studies have estimated that around 95 per cent of the universe is made of a mixture of 'dark matter' and 'dark energy', which only makes its presence felt by its gravitational pull, but has never been seen directly.
What is less widely known, however, is that around half of the regular matter is also missing.
In 2015, a team led by University of Geneva scientist Dominique Eckert claimed that these 'missing baryons' - subatomic particles made up of three quarks - were detected because of their X-ray signature in a massive cluster of galaxies known as Abell 2744.
Using the XMM-Newton space telescope, the researchers found matter concentrated into a network of knots and links connected through vast filaments, known as the 'cosmic web'.
Large-scale galaxy surveys have shown that the distribution of ordinary matter in the universe is not homogeneous.
Instead, under the action of gravity, matter is concentrated into so-called filamentary structures, forming a network of knots and links called the 'cosmic web'.
The regions experiencing the highest gravitational force collapse and form the knots of the network, such as Abell 2744.
Researchers focused on Abell 2744 - a massive cluster of galaxies with a complex distribution of dark and luminous matter at its centre - to make their finding.
Comparable to neural networks, these knots then connect to one another through filaments, where the researchers identified the presence of gas, and consequently, the missing ordinary matter thought to make up the universe.
Astronomers see an Enormous Shockwave, 60 Times Bigger Than the Milky Way
Astronomers see an Enormous Shockwave, 60 Times Bigger Than the Milky Way
Astronomers have a thing for big explosions and collisions, and it always seems like they are trying to one-up themselves in finding a bigger, brighter one. There’s a new entrant to that category – an event so big it created a burst of particles over 1 billion years ago that is still visible today and is 60 times bigger than the entire Milky Way.
That shockwave was created by the merger of two galaxy clusters to create a supercluster known as Abell 3667. This was one of the most energetic events in the universe since the Big Bang, according to calculations by Professor Francesco de Gasperin and his time from the University of Hamburg and INAF. When it happened over 200 million years ago, it shot out a wave of electrons, similar to how a particle accelerator would. All these years later, those particles are still traveling at Mach 2.5 (1500 km / s), and when they pass through magnetic fields, they emit radio waves.
Picture of galaxy cluster Abell 3667, where the white color in the center is a concatenation of 550 distinct galaxies, but the red structures represent the shockwaves formed during the creation of this supercluster. Credit – Francesco de Gasperin, SARAO
Those radio waves are what Dr. de Gasperin and his colleagues observed using a new telescope array in South Africa known as MeerKAT. Radio signals alone weren’t enough to characterize the shockwave itself, though – the XMM-Newton X-ray observatory also spent some time focused on Abell 3667.
The results of all those observations is a better understanding of the physics of the merger of these galaxy clusters, which were “much more complex than we initially thought,” said Dr. de Gasperin. The shockwaves themselves look like “filaments that trace the location of giant magnetic field lines.” What is clear from the pictures is that, even when scientists are simply looking for big collisions, the resulting radio images might be awe-inspiring in themselves.
Cosmic shock waves are created when clusters of galaxies collide. This image shows one of the two shock waves observed in the galaxy cluster Abell 3667. It is about 60 times the size of the Milky Way.
What’s Going on Inside a Black Hole? The Answers Could be Written on its Surface
What’s Going on Inside a Black Hole? The Answers Could be Written on its Surface
Both quantum computing and machine learning have been touted as the next big computer revolution for a fair while now. However, experts have pointed out that these techniques aren’t generalized tools – they will only be the great leap forward in computer power for very specialized algorithms, and even more rarely will they be able to work on the same problem. One such example of where they might work together is modeling the answer to one of the thorniest problems in physics: how does General Relativity relate to the Standard Model?
A team led by researchers at the University of Michigan and RIKEN think they might have developed just such an algorithm. There aren’t many places where the two great physics models collide, but around a black hole is one of them. Black holes themselves are massive gravity wells ruled entirely by the physics defined by General Relativity. However, innumerable particles are swirling around their event horizons that are effectively immune to gravity but do fall under the Standard Model structure, which deals directly with the physics of particles.
There has been a long-standing theory that the motions and accelerations of the particles directly above a black hole might be a two-dimension projection of what the black hole itself is doing in three dimensions. This concept is called holographic duality and might offer a way to look for that critical interface between relativity (i.e., black hole physics) and the Standard model (i.e., particle physics).
UT video discussing the Holographic Principle
Holographic duality itself is challenging to model with modern-day computing algorithms, though. So Enrico Rinaldi, a physicist at the University of Michigan and RIKEN, attempted to develop a new model that utilized those two very hyped computing architectures – quantum computing and machine learning.
Quantum computing itself can be helpful in modeling particle physics, as some of the physics underlying the computing platform itself are subject to those physical laws that are so foreign to us at a macro scale. In this case, Dr. Rinaldi and his team used an algorithm running on a quantum computer to simulate the particles that make up the project part of the holographic duality.
To do so, they utilized a concept called a quantum matrix model. As with many physics simulations, the end goal of the simulation was to find the lowest energy state of the system. Quantum matrix models would help effectively solve the optimization problems that would find the lowest energy state of the particle systems projected above a black hole.
PBS Space Time video explaining how we might just live in a hologram. Credit – PBS Space Time YouTube
Algorithms utilizing a quantum computer aren’t the only way to find those “ground states,” as the lowest energy state of the system is called. Another method would be to utilize a type of AI technique called a neural network. These are based around using systems similar to those found in human brains.
The team applied these algorithms to a type of matrix model still based on quantum ideas but not requiring quantum computing. Known as a quantum wave function, these again represented the activity of the particles on the surface of the black hole. And once again, the neural network algorithm was able to solve the optimization problem and find its “ground state.”
According to Rinaldi, these new techniques represent a significant improvement upon other previous efforts at solving these algorithms. “Other methods people typically use can find the energy of the ground state, but not the entire structure of the wave function,” Rinaldi said in a press release.
Artist view of an active supermassive black hole. Credit: ESO/L. Calçada
What this means for understanding the inside of a black hole, or the interface between the standard model and general relativity, is still a bit of a black box. Theoretically, there should be a way to model the inside of a black hole using the types of quantum wave functions defined by these algorithms. But that work, which could lead to an underlying quantum theory of gravity according to Rinaldi, remains to be done. As these hyped computing architectures continue to gain in popularity, though, it’s almost a certainty that someone will attempt to shine some light on that black box.
I found an arrow carved in the side of a stone in a Mars photo today. The arrow is big, about half a meter and its very deeply carved. The rock its on is looks similar to a Xbox controller, but its huge...about 2.5 meters across and 1.5 wide. It also has four other round and oval holes cut into it. It must have meaning. This seems similar to ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs. One thing is for sure, it was created by intelligent life, because it's a language of the ancients.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
Tic-Tac UFO Over Seoul, South Korea Feb 27, 2022, UFO Sighting News.
Tic-Tac UFO Over Seoul, South Korea Feb 27, 2022, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:Feb 27, 2022 Location of sighting:Seoul, South Korea
The eyewitness was busy driving on a freeway in Seoul when he saw a white tic-tac UFO in the sky over him. He holds his phone the best he can while driving, catch some raw footage as proof of his sighting. The object has no tail, no wings, no window...and looks similar to that of a rocket more than anything else. The video is 100% authentic. I put it into slow motion to see if the UFO went behind or in front of the highway signs...it went behind. Had it gone in front I would know instantly it was fake, its not. This is 100% real UFO raw footage.
Awesome UFO Sighting During Sunset In Arizona, Feb 27, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Awesome UFO Sighting During Sunset In Arizona, Feb 27, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Feb 27, 2022
Location of sighting:Arizona, USA
This awesome catch happened in the desert of southern Arizona yesterday. A dark orb is hovering in the sky in a location where no city exists. No homes, no roads, no telephone poles...just pure Arizona desert. This is fantastic and I believe its along the Extra Terrestrial Freeway, a freeway known for its UFO sightings. OMG I love this one! Also the fact that it was caught during sunset, which really helps this UFO stand out. This eyewitness must have stopped his car and started recording it. He has a very steady hand, very focused phone. Perfectly recorded sighting. If we get more evidence like this...full disclosure of aliens will come sooner than you think.
Two huge UFOs enter Mount Fuji Volcano On Feb 27, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Two huge UFOs enter Mount Fuji Volcano On Feb 27, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:Feb 27, 2022
Location of sighting: Mount Fuji, Japan
Watch this great catch on a live cam by a UFO hunter that goes by the name of "Rafael Navarro Ferrari," on Youtube. He caught not one, but two huge craft falling from the sky and into the mouth area of Mount Fuji. I often say that UFO bases are created in places that are difficult or dangerous for humans to get there. Here again is such a place, Mount Fuji has an alien base 5-6km below the surface. Absolute fantastic catch! 100% proof that aliens exist.
Low Flying UFO Cloaked In Cloud Seen Over Indonesia, Feb 27, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Low Flying UFO Cloaked In Cloud Seen Over Indonesia, Feb 27, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Feb 27, 2022
Location of sighting: Indonesia
Most people overlook such clouds like this...however this is more than just a cloud. Its a 1/2 km alien ship cloaked in a cloud. UFOs often create such clouds around themselves to hide from the public. The lower they fly, the higher the need to hide. This UFO is flying very low over the city and looks like they are scanning the inhabitants for information or tapping into communication networks.
Awesome capture. Absolute proof aliens are watching!
Astrange triangular shaped object was seen hovering over Islamabad, Pakistan, for over 2 hours on February 22, 2022.
According to theSun, Gobsmacked Arslan Warraich who recorded the UFO said he spent a lengthy two hours watching the triangular shape, which was solid black and had no sharp edges and it wasn't reflecting too much light and no lights were emanating from it, hovering above the capital city.
These bright unidentified flying objects were maneuvering in the sky above Portland in Oregon on 20th November 2021. What do you think about this UFO sighting?
Witness report:
I was driving to me area I deliver in for doordash and saw these lights hovering in the sky over Portland Oregon.
The Chelyabinsk meteor that exploded over Russia in 2013 may also have been involved in the massive impact that formed the moon, a new study suggests.
Researchers led by theUniversity of Cambridge think it may have been been part of an ancient collision that broke off a chunk of baby Earth to form the moon 4.5 billion years ago.
A Mars-sized body is thought to have smashed into our planet during the formation of the solar system, ejecting a bunch of material into space which then coalesced to form the moon.
Nine years ago the 60ft (19 metre) wide Chelyabinsk hit the Earth's atmosphere with energy estimated to be equivalent to 500,000 tonnes of TNT, sending a shockwave twice around the globe.
It caused widespread damage and injured more than 1,600 people.
The Chelyabinsk meteorite (pictured) that exploded over Russia in 2013 may also have been involved in the massive impact that formed the moon, a new study suggests
Using uranium-lead dating scientists previously found that the Chelyabinsk meteorite had undergone two impact events, one around 4.5 billion years ago, and the other about 50 million years ago
WHAT WAS THE CHELYABINSK METEOR?
A meteor that blazed across southern Urals in February 2013 was the largest recorded meteor strike in more than a century.
More than 1,600 people were injured by the shock wave from the explosion, estimated to be as strong as 20 Hiroshima atomic bombs, as it landed near the city of Chelyabinsk in Russia.
The fireball measuring 18 meters across, screamed into Earth's atmosphere at 41,600 mph. Much of the meteor landed in a local lake called Chebarkul.
Other than the latest find, scientists have already uncovered more than 12 pieces from Lake Chebarkul since the February 15 incident. However, only five of them turned out being real meteorites.
The discovery has come to light thanks to a new way of dating collisions between rocks in space, based on microscopic analysis of minerals within meteorites.
Further research is still needed but scientists hope the technique could help them to learn more about the early history of the solar system and how it evolved into its current shape.
'Meteorite impact ages are often controversial,' said geoscientist Craig Walton, of the University of Cambridge.
'Our work shows that we need to draw on multiple lines of evidence to be more certain about impact histories — almost like investigating an ancient crime scene.'
When the solar system was forming from dust and gas, planets were created through repeated collisions of smaller rocks.
However, it is difficult to trace the history of Earth and other bodies like it back to the beginning because geological and weather processes have overwritten it.
That is not the case with asteroids and meteorites.
They have remained largely unchanged while floating through space, meaning they act as an excellent time capsule to peer back to the origins of the solar system.
One of the ways of doing this is to study ancient collisions in the minerals found in meteorites that have crashed down to Earth, using uranium-lead dating in zircon crystals.
The scientists studied the microscopic details of how the phosphate minerals had shattered and found that the earlier impact had blasted them into small pieces and subjected them to high temperatures
The later impact, they found, seemed lesser with lower pressures and temperatures, so likely took place less than 50 million years ago. They also believe this was the impact that broke the meteorite off its larger parent body and sent it on a collision course with Earth
When it is forming, zircon incorporates uranium, but rejects lead.
This means that any lead that is found in zircon has to be the product of the radioactive decay of uranium, so because experts know how long uranium takes to decay they can work out the age of the zircon from the lead component.
Not only that but an impact can also partially or entirely 'reset' the radioisotope mineral ages.
Using this analysis scientists previously found that the Chelyabinsk meteorite had undergone two impact events, one around 4.5 billion years ago, and the other about 50 million years ago.
Walton and his fellow researchers wanted to confirm these dates by studying the way phosphate minerals in the meteorite had shattered over successive impacts.
'The phosphates in most primitive meteorites are fantastic targets for dating the shock events experienced by the meteorites on their parent bodies,' said geophysicist Sen Hu, of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in China.
The researchers now want to revisit the timing of the moon's formation in an attempt to shed more light on their theory
The scientists studied the microscopic details of how the phosphate minerals had shattered and found that the earlier impact had blasted them into small pieces and subjected them to high temperatures.
The later impact, they found, seemed lesser with lower pressures and temperatures, so likely took place less than 50 million years ago.
They also believe this was the impact that broke the meteorite off its larger parent body and sent it on a collision course with Earth.
'The fact that all of these asteroids record intense melting at this time might indicate solar system reorganisation, either resulting from the Earth-Moon formation or perhaps the orbital movements of giant planets,' Walton said.
The researchers now want to revisit the timing of the moon's formation in an attempt to shed more light on their theory.
When you’re looking to buy a used car, the various dents, dings, rust spots and crinkles can tell as much about its history as its mechanical records – the key is being able to read and interpret them. Asteroids can be considered the used cars of our solar system – they’ve been bouncing around for millions of years, colliding with planets and each other and picking up dents that can reveal what they hit and when. The meteorite that crashed in Chelyabinsk, Russia, in 2013 is one such well-traveled space rock and a new way of studying its dents has revealed that it hit Earth before … and may have been part of the early massive impact that formed the Moon.
What would the dents tell us?
“Asteroids provide an alternative record of collisional events in the inner Solar System. Unlike planets, asteroids have been thermally quiescent (cold) since around 4500 Ma (millions of years ago). Therefore, any mineral ages younger than the end of parent body metamorphism should faithfully record impact-induced metamorphism.”
In a paper published in the journal Communications Earth & Environment, researcher from the University of Cambridge describe why asteroids don’t lie — their surfaces are cold and static and retain their collision craters and dents, along with evidence of what caused them, for millions of years. Craig Walton of Cambridge’s Department of Earth Sciences department, who led the research, says in a press release this sounds like common sense but is actually a radical view among his peers.
“Meteorite impact ages are often controversial: our work shows that we need to draw on multiple lines of evidence to be more certain about impact histories – almost like investigating an ancient crime scene.”
Early studies of the Chelyabinsk meteorite using uranium-lead dating, which looks at the time elapsed for one isotope to decay to another, show two major impacts — one roughly 4.5 billion years ago and another within the last 50 million years. However, smaller impacts and age make exact figures difficult to determine. To fix that, the new study looked at how phosphate minerals inside the meteorite were shattered and how collision-induced heat affected their crystal structures. Depending on the changes in the minerals, the collisions could be put on a more accurate timeline.
The change in the minerals also can determine the size of the impact that affected them. The team found that the impact of 50 million years ago was probably a minor collision that knocked the Chelyabinsk meteorite off its host asteroid and sent it to Earth like a multi-car collision. The 4.5-billion-year old impact dent is more interesting because this occurred about the time some scientists estimate a small planet collided with Earth and formed the Moon. Research on other asteroids shows similar impact evidence between 4.48 – 4.44 billion years ago – making this a chaotic time.
Asteroid rush hour
“The fact that all of these asteroids record intense melting at this time might indicate Solar System re-organization, either resulting from the Earth-Moon formation or perhaps the orbital movements of giant planets.”
Will this new evidence convince skeptics that the Chelyabinsk meteorite was once part of a bigger space rock that formed the Moon? They’ll undoubtedly need more evidence.
Would you buy a banged-up used meteorite or wait for the new models to come out?
Over the decades numerous people in the UFO field have investigated the Roswell affair of July 1947. It was, however, the first hours and days of the event that are the most important. And that’s the theme of today’s article: focusing on the case from the moment it began and when everything was shut down and presented as nothing stranger than a weather-balloon. When it comes to the issue of what really happened on what was once known as the Foster Ranch, Lincoln County, New Mexico in early July 1947, there are things we know, things we suspect, and things we will probably never know. But, that something happened – something which caused the U.S. Air Force to offer multiple explanations for the event – is not a matter of any doubt at all. It was an incident that clearly concerned elements of not just the military, but the government, too, and to a highly significant degree. Eye-witnesses – both military and civilian – were warned not to talk about what they had seen and / or heard. More than a few of those warnings crossed the line and can only accurately be described as death threats. People were plunged into states of fear. Lives were changed forever; even scarred. Some lives may have ended; as in terminated.
(Nick Redfern)
Dummies, Aliens or Human Guinea-Pigs at Roswell?
It was on July 8, 1947 that the strange event surfaced publicly. Associated Press (among many other news outlets) reported on the startling, then-breaking news: “The many rumors regarding the flying disc became a reality yesterday when the intelligence office of the 509th Bomb Group of the Eighth Air Force, Roswell Army Air Field, was fortunate enough to gain possession of a disc through the cooperation of one of the local ranchers and the sheriff’s office of Chavez County. The flying object landed on a ranch near Roswell sometime last week. Not having phone facilities, the rancher stored the disc until such time as he was able to contact the sheriff’s office, who in turn notified Major Jesse A. Marcel of the 509th Bomb Group Intelligence Office. Action was immediately taken and the disc was picked up at the rancher’s home. It was inspected at the Roswell Army Air Field and subsequently loaned by Major Marcel to higher headquarters.”
(Nick Redfern)
The old ranch: Where it all happened
The story was quickly picked up not just across the United States, but across the planet, too. In barely no time at all, however, the flying disc angle was blown out of the sky: the whole thing was nothing but a huge, embarrassing mistake. The materials found on the massive ranch – by rancher William Ware “Mack” Brazel – were not the remains of a disc, after all. What had really been found, and subsequently collected and brought to the Roswell Army Air Field, was weather-balloon debris. Or, so the military was careful to try and assure everyone. With Brazel at the time of the discovery – that had actually occurred days earlier – was a young boy named Dee Proctor. He would go on to be one of the most important people in the Roswell story. We also know for sure that three, key military men, all of whom were destined to become part and parcel of the Roswell affair, were also present at the ranch – and specifically before a veritable battalion was on-site and ordered to recover the massive amount of whatever-it-was. They were Major Jesse Marcel, the intelligence-office of the 509th Bomb Group at Roswell; Captain Sheridan Cavitt, of the Counter-Intelligence Corps; and CIC Master Sergeant Lewis S. “Bill” Rickett. All three were at ground-zero. They all saw the wreckage. Years later Marcel would open up wide on the matter of the debris he saw and collected. Cavitt and Rickett may have seen more than debris. Way more. Possibly bodies, strange bodies. Brazel and little Dee may have seen one or more of those bodies, too.
(Nick Redfern)
The expansive area near where “something” came down
When the media revealed the weather-balloon explanation, something amazing happened: Roswell was largely, and very quickly, forgotten. Granted, those implicated in the affair never forgot what they saw and experienced. But, the media certainly moved on to other things. Plus, back in 1947 there were no UFO research groups around to look into the case. The result? Aside from a few, occasional, brief references in books and magazines in the 1950s and 1960s, Roswell was for all intents and purposes dead and buried – which is precisely how those charged with keeping the disturbing secret wanted it. Things changed, however, in the mid-to-late 1970s. Both William Moore and Stanton Friedman were eagerly pursuing the Roswell story by then; it was a story that was slowly but surely destined to be resurrected. It was Friedman who found the now-elderly Jesse Marcel. The long-retired major had a most interesting story to tell: “I saw a lot of wreckage but no complete machine. It had disintegrated before it hit the ground. The wreckage was scattered over an area about three quarters of a mile long and several hundred feet wide. I was pretty well acquainted with most everything that was in the air at that time, both ours and foreign. I was also acquainted with virtually every type of weather-balloon or radar-tracking device being used by either the civilians or the military. What it was we didn’t know. We just picked up the fragments…it certainly wasn’t anything built by us.”
Mack Brazel’s son, Bill, would later say that what was found on the Foster Ranch was “…something on the order of tinfoil except that [it] wouldn’t tear…You could wrinkle it and lay it back down and it immediately resumed its original shape. Quite pliable, but you couldn’t crease or bend it like ordinary metal. Almost like a plastic, but definitely metallic in nature.” When Friedman spoke with Bill Rickett, in 1985, the also-long-retired Counter-Intelligence Corps man revealed a few snippets of information on what happened, but practically froze like a deer caught in headlights when Friedman brought up the matter of bodies. It was clearly an issue Rickett had no intention of discussing – and he didn’t. As for Sheridan Cavitt, he proved to be one of the most intriguing figure in the entire story. He revealed very little of substance. On occasion, he even denied having ever been at Roswell or at the crash site. Cavitt may even have withheld what he knew of the incident when, in 1994, the Air Force came knocking on his front-door, wanting answers – as will become clear later on.
Since the days of the late 1970s and the 1980s, Roswell has risen to stratospheric proportions. Researchers Don Schmitt and Tom Carey have investigated the mystery to significant degrees. They continue to do so. The Air Force and the Government Accountability Office have both published reports on the case. Numerous non-fiction books and novels, television documentaries, and a movie have been made on the world famous affair. The number of people who have spoken out about their knowledge of what happened – whether first-, second-, or third-hand – is now well into the hundreds. The case, however, still remains the enigma it always has been
I was hunting UFOs using live cams. This is an essential tool that allows a researcher to watch worldwide at any given moment. Sadly live cams are under used by researchers. Here I found two craft that are cylydrme shaped. One stands out well above the mouth of the volcano. The other is less obvious...its in front of the volcano and lower. This object is huge, about the size of a 747 standing on end! Clouds are seen passing over the UFO...this is 100% proof that it is real. At times the UFO disappears behind the clouds, other times its in front of them. Absolute amazing and brings back memories of a movie called Arivals. Wow! Just wow!
In every war there are often lesser known experiences floating about beyond the typical tales of fighting and heroism. Here in the background of all of the conflict and death often lurk outlandish accounts of something strange going on, something perhaps even more frightening than the enemy. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, fought between the years of 1955 and 1975, officially between North Vietnam and South Vietnam, but as most know America being pulled into it starting from 1964, also has such otherworldly tales. One aspect of the Vietnam War that has long slipped under the radar of the mainstream consciousness is that amongst the fighting and violence the conflict was absolutely rife with reports of strange things in the sky that defied conventional explanation. Reading like something out of a science fiction story or alien invasion flick, these frightening accounts of encounters with UFOs during the Vietnam War suggest that it was not only the North Vietnamese forces that were the spookiest things out there, but also decidedly more otherworldly forces as well.
By all accounts it seems that troops in the Vietnam War were absolutely plagued by UFO activity, and some of the most spectacular reports of alien encounters during the Vietnam War have to do with actual military engagements with UFOs. One such incident allegedly occurred on June 15, 1968, along the demilitarized zone (DMZ) between North and South Vietnam, where a patrol boat known as PCF-12, commanded by a Lieutenant Pete Snyder, was on a routine night patrol near Cua Viet. At 12:30AM, PCF-12 reportedly received a frantic distress call from another patrol boat in the vicinity, PCF-19, claiming that they were being attacked by unidentified lights they were calling “enemy helicopters,” which seemed odd because the North Vietnamese enemy were not known to utilize combat helicopters at the time.
Snyder ordered the PCF-12 to head for PCF-19’s position to offer assistance, and they as they closed in reported spotting in the sky two circular bright lights immersed in a “strange glow” hovering over PCF-19’s position. As they approached, one of the strange lights reportedly emitted a bright flash of light, after which PCF-19 exploded in a cascade of water and flying debris. Directly after the destruction of PCF-19, the two enigmatic lights were described as rapidly accelerating away towards the sea as PCF-12 scouted the area for any possible survivors of the carnage they had just witnessed. Two wounded men were found and recalled that the two UFOs had been trailing them for miles along the river. The survivors then claimed that they had decided to fire upon the threatening, mysterious objects, and that was when one of them had issued a piercing blast of light to obliterate the boat. At first it was thought by officials that the PCF-12 had been the victim of an enemy missile fired from shore, but a later AP dispatch from Saigon would quote a military spokesman as having attributed the loss of PCF-19 to an “unidentified object,” and not enemy coastal batteries or missiles.
The PCF-12 continued its patrol up the river and were soon approached by the same two unidentified lights, which took up positions hovering on the port and starboard sides around 300 yards away and 100 feet above the water. PCF-12 called in to headquarters to try and get an idea of what they were dealing with, but were met with the response that there were no aircraft in the area at the time. Realizing that these craft were not friendly, Snyder ordered his men to open fire on the lights, which apparently did little to faze or even slow them down, and PCF-12 began to retreat at full speed as the two mysterious aircraft tailed and stalked them, flickering in the night the whole time. Second engine man Jim Steffes would later claim that he got a good look at the craft and described them as having “a rounded front like an observation helo,” and what looked like “two crewman sitting side by side.”
Strangely, although no weapons could be seen mounted on the unidentified aircraft, PCF-12 nevertheless found itself being fired upon. Steffes remembered seeing tracer rounds piercing up into the night from the nearby base Point Dume, with their targets being what he said were other far-off blinking circular lights whizzing about in the sky above. Eventually, a group of Phantom F4 fighter jets arrived to converge upon and chase off the strange lights that were plaguing PCF-12 out to sea, leaving the crew to wonder what in the hell had just happened.
At roughly the same time, another very strange incident was unfolding out in the South China Sea with an Allied ship of the Royal Australian Navy, the HMAS Hobart, which was patrolling near Tiger Island, about 20kms off Cap Lay and reported sighting up to 30 unidentified slow-moving lights hovering in the night sky near their ship, which were at first thought to be Russian-built M-14 ‘Hound’ helicopters, but upon closer inspection it could be seen that they were not. US 7th Air Force Phantom fighter-bombers were sent to engage, supported by generous anti-aircraft fire from the ground. The lights flew out to sea as they were pursued by the fighters, which fired upon them mercilessly along with several other military ships in the area, which unfortunately contributed to the friendly fire incident in which a U.S. swift boat was sunk by missiles, killing 5 of the 7 crew.
The HMAS Hobart was prepped for battle when the radar room detected an incoming unidentified aircraft coming in fast with no identification number to mark it as friend or foe. Word soon came in that the craft was “friendly,” but it was then that a missile struck the ship to kill one and injure two others, followed by a barrage of two more missiles. Whatever the craft was swiftly fled the scene before it could be shot down. In the meantime, F4 jets scrambled about firing upon the lights, joined by a hail of anti-aircraft fire from the ground, with attempts to communicate with whoever was onboard the mystery craft going unanswered. Eventually, the lights floated off and the fighter pilots were ordered back to base. The following morning, a complete search of the area turned up not a single shred of wreckage of an enemy helicopter, or any other enemy aircraft for that matter, despite the intense fighting that had occurred. The complete and utter lack of any wreckage of any aircraft was baffling considering that these enemies had come under such resistance and been met with so much concerted, relentless fire. The Royal Australian Navy News would later confirm:
No physical evidence of helicopters destroyed has been discovered in the area of activity nor has extensive reconnaissance produced any evidence of enemy helicopter operations in or near the DMZ.
There was little confidence among the men engaged in the incident that the aggressors had been “enemy helicopters” as was at first claimed. After all, if that were the case they should have been decimated by the potent retaliatory force displayed upon their arrival and attacks. There was also no trace whatsoever of helicopters at the time in the area before or during the incident and no wreckage afterwards. A skipper aboard the Hobart during the baffling engagement would later claim that it was certainly not enemy helicopters, expressing his doubt of such a theory by saying:
Neither before nor after the incident … was there any report by any of the ships of a helicopter being there [around Tiger Island]. Now having said that, the captain of one of the American ships told me later at Subic Bay that he thought there were helicopters there, but the fact is he didn’t report, and if he believed there was a helicopter … it was his duty to report it at the time, but there was no report.
Whatever the lights were that caused so much chaos continued to be sighted sporadically for months afterwards along the DMZ, furtively skirting around the area, wandering back and forth over the line, and baffling those who saw them. They were often sighted by radar roaming up and down the coast, and apparently no one could quite figure out what they were. They appeared on radar to be low, slow moving objects just like helicopters, but often there would be no visible confirmation or they would not look at all like helicopters. They were also prone to just disappearing into thin air, and jets scrambled to intercept the objects would arrive to find nothing there. Troops on the ground would sometimes witness the lights appear and disappear out of nowhere, and in one such case American artillerymen reported seeing a group of mysterious lights along the Ben Hai River, but when they had opened fire on them the objects had suddenly vanished as if they had never been there at all. At no point did anyone report seeing an actual helicopter, and the strange objects were always described as moving lights, often hovering erratically or moving in sudden bursts of speed inconsistent with a helicopter.
The origin of the strange lights remains unknown to this day. There were theories at the time that somehow a misreading of radar signals had occurred, which had then made other friendly vessels appear to be slow moving flying blips, or that the North Vietnamese had more helicopter power than had been previously assumed. In the end the official explanation was that it was all due to atmospheric disturbances or possible enemy helicopter activity, coupled with panicked friendly fire, and there have also been theories that it was all due to bird flocks or even insect swarms, but does any of this really match up to what occurred? Would trained Navy and fighter jet personnel go to engage such mundane phenomena? What hit the Hobart? Indeed what attacked the PCF 12 and 19 at precisely the same time? If there were enemy helicopters involved where was all the wreckage, why were they never successfully shot down, and wouldn’t these trained men know helicopters when they saw them? It is also strange that an enemy helicopter would so brazenly venture over the heavily defended DMZ, and it would be strange that they should fly around with their lights on all of the time for hours on end. In the case of the Hobart it seems obvious that this was some sort of concerted attack, but by who or what remains open to debate and speculation.
It is interesting that these reports make mention of “enemy helicopters,” as this was a term used so often to describe any unidentified lights in the sky in Vietnam that it became sort of a code word for “UFO,” regardless of any relation the object had to an actual helicopter, becoming sort of a catch-all phrase for anything weird in the sky. The fact that the Viet Cong were not known to use helicopters made it a perfect way to explain discreetly when men were seeing something in the sky that shouldn’t be there. On October 16, 1973, the USAF Chief of Staff, General George S. Brown, gave a press conference in Illinois where he addressed this terminology to some extent when asked about UFOs in Vietnam, saying:
I don’t know whether this story has ever been told or not. They weren’t called UFOs. They were called enemy helicopters. And they were only seen at night and they were only seen in certain places. They were seen up around the DMZ [demilitarized zone] in the early summer of ’68. And this resulted in quite a little battle. And in the course of this, an Australian destroyer took a hit and we never found any enemy, we only found ourselves when this had all been sorted out. And this caused some shooting there, and there was no enemy at all involved but we always reacted. Always after dark.
Another comment on the matter was made by a patrol boat captain by the name of Bill Cooper, who served in Vietnam from 1967 to 1969. During a UFO conference in Los Angeles in 1989, Cooper would say of his own experiences:
After about five months I was sent up north to the DMZ, to a place called Qua Vieaf [perhaps Qua Viet] on the Tacan [sic] river …. It was while there that I discovered that there was a tremendous amount of UFO and alien activity in Vietnam. It was always reported in official messages as ‘enemy helicopters’. Now any of you who know anything about the Vietnam war know that the North Vietnamese did not have any helicopters especially after our first couple of air raids into North Vietnam [during 1965]. Even if they had, they would not have been so foolish as to bring them over the DMZ, because that would have ensured their demise.
Another American ship was not directly attacked, but nevertheless allegedly had a very intimidating and threatening encounter with an Unidentified Underwater Submersible, or USO. In 1974 the ammunitions ship the USS Kilauea was operating in the Indian Ocean along with a destroyer and a carrier, and the witness claims that one evening at around 9PM he had been on deck with two friends looking up at the brilliant array of stars in the night sky. Their attention was drawn to the eerie beauty of the shifting light trails formed by phosphorus algae in the wake of the ship in formation in front of them, yet as they watched this light display of nature something else began glowing in the depths, becoming brighter and brighter until it became a blinding orange/yellow ball just under the surface. The mysterious blazing orb then spectacularly burst forth from the water to arch right over the top of the destroyer, just missing smashing into it, before crashing back into the ocean on the other side and sinking back into the dark depths. The witness would say of the puzzling, frightening incident:
We all just stared at each other with our mouths open. We could not believe what we saw, but I asked friends of mine who were on watch on the bridge if they saw it and they all did. There was nothing ever reported that I know of though and we just quit talking about it. I bet the destroyer got a good look at it. It went right over the bridge of that ship and it was big. Maybe 150 to 200 feet in diameter. That was my big encounter.
It is all a very intriguing peek into some of the more mysterious aspects of this conflict. Such tales lurk beyond the known history of the Vietnam War, hiding in the cracks and shadows and invisible, lost to the mists of time save for the few who are willing to share their bizarre tales. What went on out there in the skies above all of the fighting? What were these troopers dealing with? Were these cases some sort of experimental aircraft, the stresses of combat playing tricks on the imagination, or something altogether more bizarre? The true answers have been buried by history and lost to the mists of time.
I often hear people say that the UFO phenomenon is a strong one and that “they” are here to help us. Well, that might be the case. On the other side of the coin, however, a case can be made that the mystery isn’t as quite as friendly as so many might think it is. In fact, the visitors might actually be weak entities that fear us – but who have found intriguing ways to make themselves appear way ahead of us. For example, consider the number of UFO encounters that have occurred over military bases. There are more than a few cases of this particular type. And, that’s what I’m going to share with you today. We know for sure that the Summer of 1947, in the United States, was swamped with reports, sightings and encounters – and many of them involving military installations. For example, during that same 1947 wave (in New Mexico), there were a number of significant sightings of UFOs at what used to be called the White Sands Proving Ground (and that, today, is titled the White Sands Missile Range). What if the real truth of these events was something much stranger? Consider this: just because the “visitors” may have had technology way ahead of ours in 1947 (and now, too), it doesn’t mean they had a huge armada of craft. Perhaps, it was the exact opposite: that they had a limited number of ships, but carefully managed to make it look like they were all over the place by placing one incident here, one there, and so on.
(Nick Redfern) Driving by the White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico
Perhaps, the various – and famous – cases of UFO sightings in the direct vicinity of military and government facilities over the decades have been nothing but staged events designed to show their power, when, in reality, they might be quite vulnerable when it comes to numbers and power. Let’s look at some other examples of UFO “invasion” with military connections. The curious and fantastic UFO events of July 1952, over Washington, D.C., deeply troubled the CIA and the Air Force. And, for very intriguing and alternative reasons that had very little to do with literal alien invasions or visitations. On December 2, 1952 the CIA’s Assistant Director H. Marshall Chadwell noted in a classified report on UFO activity in American airspace: “Sightings of unexplained objects at great altitudes and traveling at high speeds in the vicinity of major U.S. defense installations [italics mine]are of such nature that they are not attributable to natural phenomena or known types of aerial vehicles.”
A similar wave hit the U.K. in 1957. On March 26 of that year, there was an amazing encounter. The U.K. Air Ministry documentation (now in the public domain at the National Archives) states in part: “A report was received from Royal Air Force Church Lawford on 26th March, 1957 of a sighting of an unusual nature. The object moved at a speed timed at exceeding 1400mph. This in itself was unusual as the object had accelerated to this speed from a stationary position [italics mine]. No explanation has yet been found for this sighting but a supplementary report, including a copy of the radar plot, was requested and has been received from Church Lawford this afternoon.” The craft came perilously close to the base and was described as a Flying Saucer. On the morning of April 4, 1957 – according to now-declassified British Royal Air Force documents housed at the National Archives, Kew, England – radar operators at Balscalloch, Scotland reported to RAF West Freugh, Wigtownshire that they had detected a number of “unidentified objects on the screens of their radars.” And it quickly became apparent this was no Cold War penetration of British airspace by Soviet spy-planes or bombers. As the mystified radar-operators watched their screens, they were amazed to see a large, stationary object hovering at 50,000 feet that then proceeded to ascend vertically to no less than 70,000 feet. The U.K. was also hit with a similar UFO wave in 1967.
Moving on, there is the UFO deluge that occurred in the United States from 1973 to 1974. At the time of the encounters, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) took a significant interest in them. The most interesting file is titled “Spanish UFO Sightings.” It surfaced, in the 1980s, from the archives of the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). It’s a collection of data that the DoD secured specifically from Spanish newspapers and that provides a notable and useful look at that large wave of activity. In part, the DoD said: “During the period September 1973 to June 1974 a rash of UFOs appeared over Spain and sightings were reported by various types of people. The following table summarizes these sightings. Date: 11 Sep 73. Location: El Ferrol del Caudillo. Description: Bright, circular, with two hoops, appeared to have feet on bottom part. Emitted a very powerful light. Observer: Various. Remarks: Was immobile during time of observation. Date: 11 Dec 73 (early morning). Location: Malaga. Description: Circular, like a flying saucer, had an intense red light. Observer: Various residents of Salitro and Cuarteles Streets, Malaga. Remarks: Remained quiet for about 15 minutes, then departed suddenly towards Torremolinos.” And, one year later – in 1975 – there was a strange wave of mysterious helicopters seen near U.S. bases – a matter that was never fully resolved. Some might say that the Rendlesham Forest incident of December 1980 was such an example, too: a theoretical, careful ruse to make aliens look powerful in the midst of trained military personnel. Extremely notable, too, is the 1989/1990 sightings of “Black Flying Triangles” that got the Belgium military in states of confusion and concern.
In all of these cases we can theorize that whoever was behind them, they deliberately put on spectacular shows for us. They wanted to be seen. They wanted to demonstrate a power they might not actually have had. But, for our wide eyes, and by flying over top secret installations, it did look like they were all-powerful. And, surely, there must have been a high degree of dicey gambling on their part. The alien phenomenon – if that is really what it was/still is – may not be what it appears to be. Our strange visitors might be doing their best to make it look as if we are here, there and everywhere and are armed with technology way ahead of us. And, by successfully manifesting around sensitive sites time and again, our world leaders probably believe the invaders are the stronger ones. But, in reality, we might have the upper hand – if only we knew it.
Curiosity Finds a Bizarre Rock on Mars that Looks Like a Flower
Curiosity Finds a Bizarre Rock on Mars that Looks Like a Flower
The Curiosity rover took a picture of something pretty enticing this week on the surface of Mars. While the object in question looks like a tiny little flower or maybe even some type of organic feature, the rover team confirmed this object is a mineral formation, with delicate structures that formed by mineral precipitating from water.
Curiosity has actually seen these types of features before, which are called diagenetic crystal clusters. Diagenetic means the recombination or rearrangement of minerals, and these features consist of three-dimensional crystal clusters, likely made of a combination of minerals. Curiosity deputy project scientist Abigail Fraeman said on Twitter that these features that were seen previously were made of salts called sulfates.
From studies of previous features like this found on Mars (you can read a paper on them here), originally the feature was embedded within a rock, which eroded away over time. These mineral clusters, however, appear to be resistant to erosion.
Another name for these features is concretion, which you may remember from the Opportunity rover, who saw features that were nicknamed ‘blueberries,’ since they were small and round. You can see round concretions next to the flower-like feature in this image.
The rover science team saw this feature earlier this week and named it ‘Blackthorn Salt’. They used the rover’s Mars Hand Lens Imager, called MAHLI, to take these close-up images. This camera is the rover’s version of the magnifying hand lens that geologists usually carry with them into the field. MAHLI’s close-up images reveal the minerals and textures in rock surfaces.7
Curiosity rover obtained this ‘Hand Lens’ extreme close-up of one of the very small and rather unusual concretion features. This one has been called ‘Blackthorn Salt’. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/Kevin M. Gill
Here you can see a 3-D model of the object, thanks to Simeon Schmauss:
Curiosity found another flower-like feature back in 2013, and the Spirit rover found similar-looking rocks that were nicknamed ‘cauliflower’ features because of their knobby protuberances.
“Cauliflower” shaped silica-rich rocks photographed by the Spirit Rover near the Home Plate rock formation in Gusev Crater in 2008. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Ancient Scriptures Verify Blueprints of High Technology, Space Travel, DNA Editing, Ken Goudsward via Leak Project
Ancient Scriptures Verify Blueprints of High Technology, Space Travel, DNA Editing, Ken Goudsward via Leak Project
Ancient Scriptures Verify Blueprints of High Technology, Space Travel, DNA Editing, Ken Goudsward via Leak Project
In Australia first creator of men is Biame, he has other names like thoth, thats what the Egyptians named him as all people had different words for him in different tribes, mean same thing. He gave Natives Australians lore, written on standing stones that were destroyed by a farmer threatened by the government in the 1900s. Lucky they were recorded, get the book, forgotton origins.
Then the second son of blame is called the nameless one, he died because land dried up and he didnt want to eat meat and died, he is now the southern cross, our brother. Ea didnt make the southern cross, as you have mentioned, our first brother to die became stars. This is the first stars in the sky, before that, no stars at all. Very old old old old old true story. Nicki B Bear
This triangular-shaped craft was flying across the night sky above Albany in New York. This happened on 24th February 2022.
Witness report:
Spotted on the Evening of 24 Feb 2022, approximately 1930 Hrs. I was watching a weirdly flashing light in the sky, and then caught sight of the triangle, and followed it for as long as I could.
Fireball Lights Up Colorado Sky; But Astronomers Reveal the Meteor Was Moving Surprisingly Slow
Fireball Lights Up Colorado Sky; But Astronomers Reveal the Meteor Was Moving Surprisingly Slow
Margaret Davis
(Photo : Pixabay/urikyo33)
Fireball Lights Up Colorado Sky; But Astronomers Reveal the Meteor Was Moving Surprisingly Slow
When a meteoroid crashes through the Earth's atmosphere, it heats up due to friction from the air, creates a streak of light in the sky, and becomes a meteor. People often refer to meteors as fireballs, shooting stars, or falling stars because of the bright light they create. National Geographic said that even the smallest meteors could be visible from miles away because of their brightness and how fast they travel.
The fastest meteor they recorded traveled at 44 miles (71 kilometers) per second. The faster and larger a meteor is, the brighter it glows. But the meteor that lit up Colorado's night sky last Friday, February 18, seemed to deviate from the typical speed of a meteor based on the analysis conducted by astronomers.
(Photo: Pixabay/urikyo33)
Fireball Lights Up Colorado Sky; But Astronomers Reveal the Meteor Was Moving Surprisingly Slow
Atypical Speed for A Meteor
Last Friday night, the American Meteor Society was flooded with 30 reports of a bright and long-lasting fireball across the Colorado sky at around 8:30 PM.
UPI reported that astronomers had analyzed the speed at which the meteor streaked across the night sky and discovered it had an unusually long path and was moving at a slower rate than a meteor would typically travel. Fiske Planetarium director John Keller said that the meteor that sparked the dozens of reports was a bolide or a large meteorite.
Astronomer Chris Peterson from the Cloudbait Observatory also told local news outlet CBS Denver that the instruments that tracked the meteor's path seen in Colorado started to follow it from Steamboat, Colo to the border of New Mexico. He added that it was unusually slow and had an atypical long path.
Peterson gave two possible explanations: the meteor might have bounced off the atmosphere and headed back to space, or the meteor may have burned up completely. The space rock is estimated to have traveled about 60,000 miles per hour, which is considered unusually slow for a fireball. He believes that none of the meteor's fragments could have landed on Earth.
According to National Geographic, meteors can be categorized based on their size, brightness, and proximity to Earth. Meteors are earthgrazers that bounce off the upper atmosphere and re-enters the space, while some break up and streak through the sky in bright light.
The most famous earthgrazer "1972 Great Daylight Fireball," entered Earth's atmosphere and streaked through the sky of Utah and traveled at 9 miles per second (15 kilometers per second). The meteor exited the atmosphere over Alberta, Canada, witnessed by thousands of people.
One of the types of meteors is the fireballs, which could range in size from a basketball to a small car and are probably the most common type. Some experts claim that fireballs are bright and longer-lasting than any planet.
Meanwhile, a bolide is even brighter and more massive and often explodes in the atmosphere, where sounds can be heard and felt on Earth's surface. Some of them are classified as fireballs that produce a sonic boom as they streak through the sky.
Lastly, a superbolide is brighter than a bolide and creates a large explosion that can become a natural hazard and pose a danger to people. In 2013, a superbolide passed over Chelyabinsk, Russia, wherein the explosion could be compared to 500 kilotons of TNT.
Erg Chech 002 is a meteor not like any other ever found.
It’s older than the Earth, and its composition raises interesting possibilities.
The meteor likely comes from an early baby planet in our solar system.
Scientists are discovering all sorts of amazing told by the meteorites found scattered across the Earth’s surface. Now a team led by Jean-Alix Barrat, a geochemist from the University of Western Brittany in France, have announced in a study that one such rock is apparently incredibly ancient, predating the Earth altogether. They believe it comes from a long-gone protoplanet, a baby planet that never got the chance to grow up, so to speak.
Its name is EC 002, and it may provide new insights into the early days of our solar system.
Erg Chech 002, or EC 002, was found in Adrar, Algeria last May in the nearly uninhabited Erg Chech region of the Sahara Desert. It was one of several chunks of meteorite discovered — together they weighed 32 kilograms (about 70 lbs). The Lunar and Planetary Institute describes EC 002 as being “relatively coarse grained, tan and beige appearance with sporadic larger green, yellow-green and less commonly yellow-brown crystals.”
A rough identification of EC002 classified it as an achondrite, which immediately differentiated it from most meteorites, which are chondritic.
Chondritesare pre-planetary stony rocky formed billions of years ago from dust and mineral grains of the early solar system.
Achondritesare rocks blasted off the face of planetary bodies, so they are newer. Their composition can provide clues to the formative processes of their sources since they they exhibit characteristics consistent with the period of internal melting that separates the core from the crust of a young planet. They’re also relatively uncommon. Of the tens of thousands of meteorites listed in the Meteroitical Bulletin Database, just 3,179 of them are achondrites.
Most of the meteorites found, about 95 percent, come from just two bodies out there in space, and about 75 percent may come from a single, large asteroid called 4 Vesta.
Here’s where we go from unusual to very unusual. Achondrites are usually basaltic, originating in a planetary body’s basaltic crust. EC 002 is not. It’s volcanic, a type of rock called andesite. The scientists have measured the radioactive isotopes of aluminum and magnesium it contains and concluded the minerals crystallized about 4.566 billion years back. Earth, by contrast, dates back only 4.54 billion years.
This chunk of cooled magma is a lonely survivor of that long-ago past. The authors write that “no asteroid shares the spectral features of EC 002, indicating that almost all of these bodies have disappeared, either because they went on to form the building blocks of larger bodies or planets or were simply destroyed.”
The andesite in EC 002 is interesting. On Earth, andesite’s sodium-rich-silicates are found in subduction zones where one tectonic plate sinks under another. (The basalt-like material in most chondrites forms when magnesium- and iron-rich lava cools.)
Still, EC 002 isn’t the first andesite meteor found, and a study of two of them (Graves Nunataks 06128 and 06129) discovered in Antarctica raises the possibility that they form from the melting of planetary bodies comprised of chondrites.
Some have theorized that if this is so, and since chondrites are so common, it could be that their melting into an andesite crust was a common occurrence during planetary formation. Indeed, Barratt’s study says, “It is reasonable to assume that many similar chondritic bodies accreted at the same time and were capped by the same type of primordial crust.”
It’s an interesting notion, albeit with two problems.
First, the light-reactive properties of EC 002 aren’t like anything else in the universe among the 10,000 objects in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey database.
Second, not that many andesite meteors have been found, making one wonder where they all might’ve gotten to. They might have gotten smashed up and broken apart. Or maybe they were subsumed in the formation of later planets. Like our Earth.
Venus’ clouds may harbor ‘aerial’ aliens, MIT scientists say
Venus’ clouds may harbor ‘aerial’ aliens, MIT scientists say
Scientists have detected within the Venusian atmosphere a chemical known to be a byproduct of life.
NASA
Venus
KEY TAKEAWAYS
A team of researchers has detected significant amounts of phosphine within the cloud deck of Venus.
Computer simulations suggest that the amount of phosphine in the Venusian atmosphere couldn't have been produced by known inorganic processes.
The findings aren't conclusive evidence of alien life, but they do suggest Venus shouldn't be overlooked in the search for alien life.
The skies of Venus may contain signatures of alien life, according to scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
In the search for alien life, the second planet from our Sun has long been ignored. It’s easy to see why: the Venusian surface reaches temperatures exceeding 800 degrees Fahrenheit; its dense atmosphere applies nearly 100 times more pressure to objects than Earth’s atmosphere; and the planet rains sulfuric acid, a corrosive chemical that causes severe burns to humans.
As such, most scientists have focused on finding signs of ancient alien life on Mars, or current life on moons like Europa or Enceladus. But Earth’s closest neighbor might have been the place to look all along.
A new paper published in Nature Astronomy shows that the Venusian atmosphere seems to contain significant amounts of phosphine, a chemical that’s known to be a byproduct of life.
Pioneer Venus orbiter illustration
NASA
It’s not conclusive evidence of life: Phosphine (PH3) can be produced through inorganic processes, like interactions involving sunlight, surface minerals, volcanic activity, and lightning.
But the study authors considered these and other potential sources, and they created computer models to test whether they could simulate the production of phosphine on Venus. The results produced small amounts of the chemical, but not nearly as much as multiple observatories have detected within the cloud decks of Venus.
So, for now, scientists don’t know what’s producing the phosphine. Alien life remains a plausible explanation.
“Technically, biomolecules have been found in Venus’ atmosphere before, but these molecules are also associated with a thousand things other than life,” study co-author Clara Sousa-Silva told MIT News. “The reason phosphine is special is, without life it is very difficult to make phosphine on rocky planets. Earth has been the only terrestrial planet where we have found phosphine, because there is life here. Until now.”
If life really is producing the chemical, it’s likely anaerobic life, which are organisms that don’t require oxygen. Interestingly, such lifeforms would probably be “aerial” aliens, floating within a relatively thin slice of habitable atmosphere, surrounded by otherwise hellish conditions.
How would those lifeforms have gotten there? Sousa-Silva explained:
“A long time ago, Venus is thought to have oceans, and was probably habitable like Earth,” Sousa-Silva told MIT News. “As Venus became less hospitable, life would have had to adapt, and they could now be in this narrow envelope of the atmosphere where they can still survive. This could show that even a planet at the edge of the habitable zone could have an atmosphere with a local aerial habitable envelope.”
NASA | SDO’s Ultra-high Definition View of 2012 Venus Transit
The researchers emphasized that the detection of phosphine in the Venusian atmosphere isn’t necessarily evidence of life, but rather of “anomalous and unexplained chemistry.” Still, they hope to confirm their findings with additional observations, including a potential probe mission, which would be NASA’s first since Pioneer Venus 2 entered the Venusian atmosphere in 1978.
Theoretical inventions known as the “UFO patents” have been inflaming worldwide curiosity. A product of the American engineer Dr. Salvatore Cezar Pais, the patents were filed during his work for the U.S. Navy and are so ambitious in their scope and imagination that they continue to draw interest despite any clear evidence that they are feasible. The patents include designs for a futuristic hybrid vehicle with a radical propulsion system that would work equally well in the air, underwater, and in space, as well as a compact fusion reactor, a gravitational wave generator, and even a “spacetime modification weapon”. The technology involved could impact reality itself, claims its inventor, whose maverick audacity rivals that of Nikola Tesla.
The patents
How real are these ideas? While you can read the patents for yourself, it's evident that the tech necessary to actually create the devices described is beyond our current capabilities. Yet research into many of these fields has gone on for years, which may explain why the Navy expressed an interest. Another likely influence is the fact that the Chinese government seems to be working to develop similar technology.
One of the most attention-grabbing designs by Dr. Pais is the2018 patent for a cone-shaped craft of unprecedented range and speed. The amazing vehicle would be able to zoom around with ease both high in the air and deep in the sea. It would travel through air, water, and space by generating a quantum vacuum with an energy field. This vacuum around its body would help it push away any molecules it encounters, regardless of the medium. The craft would also not leave any heat signature, making it virtually undetectable. Controlling the “quantum field fluctuations” in the vacuum would counteract inertia and resistance, resulting in “extreme speeds.” Reducing a craft’s inertial and gravitational mass in this way could be transformational for space travel. It sounds like an enticing design. However, as noted, it’s not something we could actually create with current technologies.
Another futuristic patent with far-reaching ramifications is Pais’ Plasma Compression Fusion Device. It would be relatively small, less than two meters in length, and house fusion reactions generating power in the gigawatt (one billion watts) to terawatt (one trillion watts) range. By comparison, a coal plant or a nuclear reactor generate energy in the one to two-gigawatt range.
Notes from researchers who worked on vetting Pais’ ideas indicate that a possible outcome of the plasma fusion device and the high energy levels it may generate is the "Spacetime Modification Weapon” (SMW). Research documents refer to it as “a weapon that can make the Hydrogen bomb seem more like a firecracker, in comparison."
Research notes from Navy’s experiments with Pais’s plasma fusion device. Source:FOIA / Department of Navy / The Drive
Among Pais’s other inventions with military applications is a patent for an electromagnetic field generator. It could create “an impenetrable defensive shield to sea and land as well as space-based military and civilian assets” which would be used against ballistic and cruise missiles that avoid radars and other defenses. The shield would also be a barrier against dangers from space like coronal mass ejections and wayward asteroids.
Pais’s electromagnetic field generator consists of a shell, an electrostatic generator, a power plant, a thermoelectric generator, and an electric motor.Source: Salvatore Pais / U.S Department of Navy
Another device that could deflect asteroids is the high-frequency gravitational wave generator conceived by Pais. It would work to intersect generated electromagnetic fields and create waves of gravity. These could be used to propel spaceships to the far reaches of the galaxy, among other uses.
The Pais Effect
The fantastical inventions devised by Dr. Pais largely build upon an idea that he calls “The Pais Effect.” In his patent write-ups and in an interview with The Drive, he described it as “the generation of extremely high electromagnetic energy fluxes (and hence high local energy densities) generated by controlled motion of electrically charged matter (from solid to plasma states) subjected to accelerated vibration and/or accelerated spin, via rapid acceleration transients.”
This effect amounts to the ability to spin electromagnetic fields to contain a fusion reaction. The electromagnetic energy fields would be so powerful that they could “engineer the fabric of our reality at the most fundamental level,” writes Pais.
In practical terms, this invention could lead to a veritable revolution in propulsion, quantum communications, and create an abundance of cheaply-produced energy. Certainly, an extraordinary claim that requires extraordinary evidence, as posits the Sagan standard.
The critics
The assertions by Dr. Pais have drawn a fair share of criticism and incredulity from fellow scientists. The nuclear engineer and researcher Carl Willis, who is also a reactor supervisor at the University of New Mexico, called Dr. Pais’s work, "a classic case of pathological science" that’s heavy on jargon and ”nonsensical statements” while providing little evidence that his ideas, which seem to contradict established physics, can bear fruit.
Physicist Stephen Webb of the University of Portsmouth in England was equally blunt, saying that, “I find it puzzling frankly that the patents were awarded.“ He called Pais’s ideas a, “wonderful wish list of things that we want,” which, “doesn’t make sense in terms of physics.”
Dr. Charles Collett, who teaches Physics at Muhlenberg College, did acknowledge that in theory, the Pais Effect may not be “outlandish” but in practice, there are "significant engineering challenges” in fashioning a device that would be able to produce the kind of electromagnetic forces Dr. Pais envisions in his patents.
The trials
Despite the well-founded unease at Dr. Pais’s inventions, the Navy took them seriously enough to run experiments for three years and even found some of them “operable”, although the extent of that alleged operability is under debate. In the patent documents, two Navy officials seemed to assert the operability of the inventions.
Furthermore, in correspondence with The Drive’s “War Zone,” Timothy Boulay of NAWCAD, stated that Pais’s High Energy Electromagnetic Field Generator was, in fact, tested from 2016 until 2019, at a cost of $508,000. The team working on the project consisted of at least 10 technicians and engineers and put in some 1,600 hours of work. But upon the conclusion of the testing, the Pais Effect “could not be proven,” shared Boulay.
What happened subsequently with the tested device and further investigations is not known at this point. There are indications in documents obtained by The Drive’s WarZone through the Freedom of Information Act that the inventions could be moved to another research department in the Navy or the Air Force, or possibly even to NASA or DARPA, but whether that really happened is not clear.
Pais's Electromagnetic Field Generator tested by the Navy researchers. Source: FOIA / U.S. Navy / The Drive
Who is Dr. Pais?
As a creator of such potentially pioneering designs, Dr. Pais has understandably drawn scrutiny from internet denizens and skeptical scientists but as he rarely gives interviews (partially due to classified research for the military), he has remained largely enigmatic.
His author bio in a 2019 concept paper on the Plasma Compression Fusion Device, published by the peer-reviewed engineering journal IEEE Transactions on Plasma Sciences, provides some clues. The paper proposes a compact plasma compression fusion device that seeks to generate tremendous energy through nuclear fusion and describes Dr. Pais as a mechanical and aerospace engineer who currently works for the Navy’s Strategic Systems Programs (SSP) in the Department of Defense in Washington, DC. According to its website, the SSP is “the Nation's premier provider of cost-effective, safe and secure sea-based strategic deterrent systems and related technologies.” It works to develop advanced submarines and weapons for the stated mission “to prevent nuclear war.”
Photo: Dr. Salvatore Cezar Pais. Source: Pais / IEEE.
Dr. Pais’s education includes a Ph.D. from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio and his prior credentials include work as a NASA Research Fellow, working for the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWCAD) in Maryland, and work as a general engineer as well as an advanced concept analyst for Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, one of the world’s top companies for next-generation aerospace and defense technologies.
Dr. Pais, claims the bio, utilizes his “advanced knowledge” in aerodynamics, with particular expertise in designing hypersonic missiles and vehicles. His wide-ranging research interests also extend to electrical engineering, room temperature conductivity, and new quantum technologies with a concentration on laser power generation and high-energy electromagnetic field generation.
The inventor’s credentials are definitely impressive. Did he come up with devices that not only defy known physics and physicists but will radically change our life through limitless energy and high-speed all-medium vehicles? Time will tell, but in his exchanges with The Drive, Dr. Pais stands by his technological visions and asks the skeptics to “try to keep an open mind in regard to my work.”
A supermassive black hole 13.1 billion light years from Earth is driving the earliest known example of a titanic storm with winds travelling at 1.1 million miles per hour.
Researchers using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile discovered the winds driven by the black hole 800 million years after the Big Bang.
This titanic storm is a telltale sign these huge black holes at the centre of galaxies have a 'profound effect' on the growth of galaxies from the early universe, say astronomers from the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ)
The team say this is the earliest-yet-observed example of this type of storm coming from a black hole that is millions to billions of times more massive than the Sun.
A supermassive black hole 13.1 billion light years from Earth is driving the earliest known example of a titanic storm with winds travelling at 1.1 million miles per hour
SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES ARE AT THE HEART OF GALAXIES
Supermassive black holes are objects found at the heart of most galaxies.
They have a mass millions to billions of times the mass of the Sun and allow nothing to escape, not even light.
In the Milky Way the supermassive black hole is known as Sagittarius A*.
There is also a class of ultramassive black holes, with a mass of at least 10 billion times the mass of the son.
Even larger ones, with 100 billion times the mass of the sun have been dubbed stupendously large black holes.
Sitting at the centre of many large galaxies, including our own Milky Way, there is a supermassive black hole and some are more active than others.
They found that the mass of the black hole is roughly proportional to the mass of the central region - or bulge - of the galaxy it inhabits.
'At first glance, this may seem obvious, but it is actually very strange,' the authors of the study explained, adding that the sizes of galaxies and black holes differ by 10 orders of magnitude - with galaxies significantly larger.
'Based on this proportional relationship between the masses of two objects that are so different in size, astronomers believe that galaxies and black holes grew and evolved together through some kind of physical interaction,' they wrote.
A galactic wind can provide this kind of physical interaction between black holes and galaxies - with larger winds impacting galactic growth.
A supermassive black hole swallows a large amount of matter. As that matter begins to move at high speed due to the black hole's gravity it emits intense energy, which can push the surrounding matter outward. This is how the galactic wind is created.
'The question is when did galactic winds come into existence in the Universe?' says Takuma Izumi, the lead author of the research paper.
'This is an important question because it is related to an important problem in astronomy: how did galaxies and supermassive black holes coevolve?'
Using the Subaru Telescope's wide-field, they found more than 100 galaxies with supermassive black holes in the Universe more than 13 billion years ago.
Then, the research team utilised ALMA's high sensitivity to investigate the gas motion in the host galaxies of the black holes.
Researchers using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile discovered the winds driven by the black hole 800 million years after the Big Bang
WHAT IS ALMA?
Deep in the Chilean desert, the Atacama Large Millimetre Array, or ALMA, is located in one of the driest places on Earth.
At an altitude of 16,400ft, roughly half the cruising height of a jumbo jet and almost four times the height of Ben Nevis, workers had to carry oxygen tanks to complete its construction.
Switched on in March 2013, it is the world's most powerful ground based telescope.
It is also the highest on the planet and, at almost £1 billion ($1.2 billion), one of the most expensive of its kind.
ALMA observed galaxy HSC J124353.93+010038.5, and captured radio waves emitted by the dust and carbon ions in the galaxy.
Detailed analysis of the ALMA data revealed that there is a high-speed gas flow moving at 500 km per second in J1243+0100 or 1.1 million miles per hour.
This gas flow has enough energy to push away the stellar material in the galaxy and stop stars from forming.
It is the oldest observed example of a galaxy with a huge wind of galactic size. The previous record holder was a galaxy about 13 billion years ago; so this observation pushes the start back another 100 million years.
The team also measured the motion of the quiet gas in J1243+0100, and estimated the mass of the galaxy's bulge, based on its gravitational balance, to be about 30 billion times that of the Sun.
The mass of the galaxy's supermassive black hole, estimated by another method, was about 1 per cent of that, suggesting the new method could be more accurate.
The mass ratio of the bulge to the supermassive black hole in this galaxy is almost identical to the mass ratio of black holes to galaxies in the modern Universe.
This titanic storm is a telltale sign these huge black holes at the centre of galaxies have a 'profound effect' on the growth of galaxies from the early universe, say astronomers from the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ)
This implies that the coevolution of supermassive black holes and galaxies has been occurring since less than a billion years after the birth of the Universe.
'Our observations support recent high-precision computer simulations which have predicted that coevolutionary relationships were in place even at about 13 billion years ago,' comments Izumi.
'We are planning to observe a large number of such objects in the future, and hope to clarify whether or not the primordial coevolution seen in this object is an accurate picture of the general Universe at that time.'
BLACK HOLES HAVE A GRAVITATIONAL PULL SO STRONG NOT EVEN LIGHT CAN ESCAPE
Black holes are so dense and their gravitational pull is so strong that no form of radiation can escape them - not even light.
They act as intense sources of gravity which hoover up dust and gas around them. Their intense gravitational pull is thought to be what stars in galaxies orbit around.
How they are formed is still poorly understood. Astronomers believe they may form when a large cloud of gas up to 100,000 times bigger than the sun, collapses into a black hole.
Many of these black hole seeds then merge to form much larger supermassive black holes, which are found at the centre of every known massive galaxy.
Alternatively, a supermassive black hole seed could come from a giant star, about 100 times the sun's mass, that ultimately forms into a black hole after it runs out of fuel and collapses.
When these giant stars die, they also go 'supernova', a huge explosion that expels the matter from the outer layers of the star into deep space.
A galactic wind driven by a supermassive black hole located in the center of a galaxy (artist’s impression).
KEY TAKEAWAYS
A new study finds the oldest galactic wind yet detected, from 13.1 billion years ago.
The research confirms the theory that black holes and galaxies evolve together.
The galactic wind was spotted using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array in Chile.
An enormously powerful galactic wind generated by a supermassive black hole 13.1 billions years ago has been discovered by researchers. The scientists used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile, which combines 66 radio telescopes, to make the find. The results are published in the Astrophysical Journal.
This is the earliest example of this type of wind yet spotted that underscores the role of black holes in the formation of galaxies. Research has shown that galactic winds affect redistribution of metals around the galaxy and impact start formation.
Illustration: Black hole
Black holes and galaxies evolve together
In previous studies, scientists have noticed an unexpected proportional relationship between the mass of a supermassive black hole at the center of a large galaxy, which can grow up to billions of times more massive than the sun, and the mass of the galaxy’s central area (known as a “bulge”). The proportionality of the masses is especially unusual considering that galaxies and black holes are so different in size, with the bulge generally being orders of magnitude larger. This led the researchers to conclude that galaxies and black holes developed together through coevolution, which involved some physical interaction courtesy of the galactic wind.
As ALMA’s press release explains, a galactic wind starts coming into existence when a supermassive black hole gobbles up giant quantities of matter. It is then moved at such a high speed by the black hole’s gravity that it radiates intense energy, which in turn, pushes surrounding matter away, creating the galactic wind.
Takuma Izumi, the paper’s lead author and a researcher at the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), says an important question is: “When did galactic winds come into existence in the universe?” Finding this out can lead to understanding how galaxies and supermassive black holes coevolved.
The researchers used NAOJ’s Subaru Telescope to locate over 100 galaxies that existed more than 13 billion years ago that featured supermassive black holes. They then used the high sensitivity of ALMA to analyze the gas motion in these galaxies, finding that the dust and carbon of one of them (dubbed J1243+0100) emitted radio waves. This allowed the scientists to detect the presence of an intense galactic wind that rushes forth from the supermassive black hole at about 1,118,468 miles per hour (500 km/second). The energy of the wind, the oldest found so far, is so strong that it pushes away stellar materials, preventing stars from forming.
Interestingly, the mass of the bulge in J1243+0100 was found to be about 30 billion times larger than that of the sun, while the mass of the galaxy’s supermassive black hole was estimated to be about 1 percent of that. This ratio is essentially the same as the mass ratio of black holes to galaxies in today’s universe. To the scientists, this demonstrates how essential black holes are in affecting the growth of galaxies, supporting the notion of coevolution from the early period of the universe.
“Our observations support recent high-precision computer simulations which have predicted that coevolutionary relationships were in place even at about 13 billion years ago,” explained Izumi.
The scientists are planning to observe a large pool of space objects in the future, with the goal of clarifying “whether or not the primordial coevolution seen in this object is an accurate picture of the general universe at that time,” further commented Izumi.
Verblijf in de ruimte verandert je hersenen voor langere tijd: "Had niemand verwacht”
De hersenen van astronauten veranderen als ze voor een lange tijd in de ruimte verblijven. Dat blijkt uit een studie van het European Space Agency (ESA) en het Russische ruimteagentschap Roskosmos. “Astronauten moeten nieuwe vaardigheden aanleren door de gewichtloosheid en dat zie je in hun hersenen.”
Glenn Haex
Het internationale onderzoeksteam bestudeerde de hersenen van twaalf mannelijke astronauten die een langere tijd in de ruimte hadden verbleven. Hun hersenen werden vóór de vlucht, vlak na de vlucht en zeven maanden na hun terugkeer onderzocht met MRI-scans. “De veranderingen die het team waarnam, waren heel nieuw en onverwacht”, zegt prof. Floris Wuyts van de UAntwerpen.
Zowel de neuronen als de verbindingen tussen de neuronen in de hersenen waren toegenomen. Ook was er heel wat hersenvloeistof verschoven. Die vloeistof zorgt bovendien voor hervormingen in onder andere het corpus callosum, “de centrale snelweg die beide hersenhelften verbindt”.
Gewichtloosheid
Ook zeven maanden na de ruimtereis, waren de veranderingen nog steeds zichtbaar: “De veranderingen zijn weliswaar verminderd, doordat de astronauten opnieuw gewend geraken aan de zwaartekracht. Maar dat de effecten van de ruimtereis zo lang na terugkomst nog duidelijk te zien zouden zijn, dat had niemand verwacht”, aldus Wuyts.
We weten niet wat deze veranderingen op lange termijn zullen betekenen
Floris Wuyts, Labo voor Evenwichtsonderzoek en Aerospace (LEIA)
Oorzaak van de veranderingen is de gewichtloosheid tijdens de ruimtereis, waardoor de astronauten nieuwe vaardigheden moeten aanleren. Dat zie je namelijk in de hersenen. Of die veranderingen effect hebben in hun dagelijks leven – of ze bijvoorbeeld slimmer zijn geworden of vloeiender gaan bewegen – is nog niet geweten.
Langetermijneffecten
Ook het effect die de veranderingen in de hersenen op de langere termijn hebben, is nog niet bekend. “De onderzochte groep is te klein om daar al informatie over te hebben of voorspellingen te kunnen doen”, vertelt Wuyts. “Op termijn zullen we mensen voor langere tijd de ruimte insturen, zoals voor een verblijf op Mars. Het is essentieel dat we op voorhand al een nauwkeurige inschatting kunnen maken van de verwachte effecten, zodat we de nodige tegenmaatregelen kunnen treffen om deze effecten te minimaliseren.”
Onderzoekers hebben ontdekt dat microzwaartekracht de hersenen kan doen opzwellen en de hypofyse kan vervormen.
Dino’s stierven uit in de lente: “Was op een gevoelig moment”
De meteoor die 66 miljoen jaar geleden bijna alle niet-vliegende dinosauriërs uitroeide, stortte op de aarde neer in de lente. Dat blijkt uit het groei- en eetpatroon van vissen die meteen na de meteoorinslag stierven. “We konden het duidelijk zien bij röntgenfoto’s van enkele fossiele steuren”, zegt de Belgische onderzoeker Koen Stein.
Glenn Haex
Paleontologen zijn het erover eens dat een meteoorinslag op het huidige schiereiland Yucatán in Mexico zo’n 66 miljoen jaar geleden het eind inluidde van de niet-vliegende dinosauriërs. Dit staat ook bekend als de vijfde massa-uitsterving.
“Die inslag deed de continentale plaat beven en veroorzaakte grote golfslagen in rivieren en andere waterlichamen. Dat maakte enorme hoeveelheden sediment los die vissen levend begroeven”, zegt Melanie During van de VU Amsterdam en Uppsala University. “Intussen regende het kleine glasachtige bolletjes: gesmolten steentjes die uit de inslagkrater waren weggeschoten, in de lucht verglaasden en een paar duizend kilometer verder neerkwamen.”
Bewijs voor lente
Die bolletjes vonden de onderzoekers terug in de kieuwen van enkele fossiele steuren in de Amerikaanse site Tanis, in North Dakota. Dat is onmiddellijk bewijs van hun dood kort na de meteoorinslag. “Ze waren heel duidelijk te zien op röntgenscans”, zegt VUB-onderzoeker Koen Stein. Op de scans konden de wetenschappers bovendien zien in welk seizoen de vissen stierven: “We bestudeerden de interne botstructuur van zes fossiele steuren. Daaraan kun je de seizoensgebonden groei aflezen, net zoals bij bomen. Deze vissen stierven toen het op het noordelijk halfrond lente was.”
Ook de botcellen van de vissen bevestigen deze theorie: hun grootte en dichtheid veranderen ook onder invloed van de seizoenen. “In alle visfossielen konden we de botceldichtheid en -grootte over verschillende jaren heen analyseren. In het jaar van de meteoorinslag waren ze groter aan het worden, maar hadden ze de piek nog niet bereikt”, zegt Dennis Voeten van Uppsala University.
Gevoelig moment
“We mogen hieruit echt concluderen dat ‘de grote dood’ in de lente kwam”, zegt During. “Dat was op een gevoelig moment, want in de lente start bij veel dieren de voortplantingscyclus. De incubatietijd bij reptielen zoals dinosauriërs en pterosauriërs is ook langer dan bij andere diergroepen, zoals vogels, dus waren zij mogelijk gevoeliger voor die plotse verstoring van hun omgeving.”
Ook verklaart het waarom sommige diersoorten de vernietigende meteoorinslag wel overleefde. In het zuidelijk halfrond was het namelijk herfst: “Dieren die toen al ondergronds aan hun winterrust begonnen waren, onder meer sommige vroege zoogdieren, kunnen zo de eerste maanden na de meteoorinslag, met grootschalige bosbranden, hebben overleefd”, aldus During.
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Awesome Glowing UFO Seen Off Coast Of Sicily, Italy Feb 24, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Awesome Glowing UFO Seen Off Coast Of Sicily, ItalyFeb 24, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Feb 24, 2022
Location of sighting: Trabia Commune in Sicily, Italy
The eyewitness was on the coast of Sicily when he noticed a huge flashing sphere. The sphere would appear normal and then suddenly flash as if it were trying to communicate to the person. The UFO is over far out over the ocean, hovering low, yet the object is powerfully lit up. Very cool and rare sighting in Italy.
What most people don't know is that they are just a few hundred km from the location of the famous Rocca Pia, Italy UFO case which lasted three decades...a case that involved human alien meetings and interactions. As you see Trabia city is facing the ocean...where part of the alien base exists. Aliens said the base holds about ten thousand people of different species. They also said the base is so big, it extends from below Rocca Pia all the way out into the ocean for 20km. Thats one big underground base! Just food for thought. More info on the Rocca Pia case here...
Flashing Orb Seen Over Yukon, Canada On Feb 24, 2022, video, UFO Sighting News.
Flashing Orb Seen Over Yukon, Canada On Feb 24, 2022, video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Feb 24, 2022 Location of sighting:Yukon, Canada
This eyewitness noticed a brightly glowing and fluctuating orb in the sky in Canada yesterday. The object seemed to be very close. I estimate it to be about 100-150 meters away from the eyewitness. As he watches and records it, you can hear his excitement when it flashes to him. The UFO does this to tell the person that it too noticed you. Kind of amazing experience, sadly the video is very short, but even a short video gives us great evidence. Undeniable proof that UFOs exist.
Possible craft parked on landing platform in Antarctica
Possible craft parked on landing platform in Antarctica
It could just be just a natural formed part of Antarctica's ice sheet but it looks like a craft parked on a rectangular landing platform in front of an entrance.
The Magellan probe sent to Venus that operated in the late 80s and 90s, collected an enormous amount of images that have finally been published by NASA in which huge cities, artificial structures and all kinds of elements that seem to obey constructions appear intelligent effected by some kind of alien race that inhabited or colonized the second planet in our solar system.
In the following video, we show those buildings that we have found and their interpretations in 3 Dimensions of them.
STARTUP TURNS “UNRECYCLABLE” PLASTIC INTO GIANT, INDESTRUCTIBLE CONSTRUCTION BRICKS
STARTUP TURNS “UNRECYCLABLE” PLASTIC INTO GIANT, INDESTRUCTIBLE CONSTRUCTION BRICKS
THIS SOUNDS MILDLY INGENIOUS.
BYFUSION
Block Heads
What if we told you that you could construct entire buildings out of trashed plastic bags and water bottles?
That future may be closer than you think, thanks to new tech from ByFusion Global, an LA-based startup that’s developed a way for governments, companies, and communities to recycle previously “unrecyclable plastics” into huge, virtually indestructible bricks.
Known as “ByBlocks,” the cinderblockish bricks are made using a steam-based compacting method that, per ByFusion’s website, “does not require any chemicals, additives, adhesives, or fillers.” The lego-like bricks made by the ByFusion process are said to be construction-grade and indestructible.
Plastic Urgency
In an interview with Waste360, ByFusion CEO Heidi Kujawa said that the company received a Dow grant and has partnered with the Hefty trash bag company’s EnergyBag recycling program to run a pilot program in Boise, Idaho that will give the community access to the Blocker system.
Along with providing the tech, the pilot program is slated to help Boise residents divert up to 72 tons of otherwise unrecyclable plastics from the local landfill and has already used the blocks to build a bench in a city park, with more planned structures set to built in the coming years.
Though there’s certainly room for criticism of the startup’s partnership with a company that manufactures plastic bags and an organization integral to the not-so-green financial industry, there’s no harm in ByFusion taking their money.
And one thing’s for sure: whoever figures out a way to implement this kind of system on a mass scale deserves the Nobel Prize.
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Astronomers Discover A Disappearing Space Object That Turns On And Off Every 20 Minutes And Sends Highly-Polarized Radio Signals
Astronomers Discover A Disappearing Space Object That Turns On And Off Every 20 Minutes And Sends Highly-Polarized Radio Signals
According to a research paper published in Nature, astronomers detected a "really weird" object 4,000 lightyears distant from Earth. Every other minute, the object vanishes from view and produces a massive burst of radio waves three times an hour.
Tyrone O'Doherty, a Curtin University student, first noticed the enigmatic object while scanning the sky in rural Western Australia. "It's exciting that the source I identified last year has turned out to be such a peculiar object," stated O'Doherty in a press statement.
The object, which the scientists claim is unlike anything else they've observed, emits a tremendous beam of radiation that, every 20 minutes, shines brightly in the sky. It also spins and vanishes every minute.
Scientists refer to space objects that "turn" on and off in the night sky as "transients".
"When studying transients, you're watching the death of a massive star or the activity of the remnants it leaves behind," said Dr. Gemma Anderson, an ICRAR-Curtin astrophysicist and co-author of the work.
Slower transients, such as supernovae, might arrive in a matter of days and last for several months. Fast transients, such as neutron stars, "flash" on and off many times per second. However, transients between those two speeds are uncommon, and the current discovery is "really weird" and "completely unexpected." according to the researchers.
"It was kind of spooky for an astronomer because there's nothing known in the sky that does that," said astrophysicist Dr. Natasha Hurley-Walker, who headed the research team. "And it's really close to us – about 4000 lightyears distant. It's there in our galaxy's backyard."
Hurley-Walker characterized the enigmatic object as being smaller than the sun yet brilliant, radiating highly polarized radio waves three times an hour. These radio pulses imply that it has an "extremely strong" magnetic field, which may correspond to a previously anticipated astrophysical object that has never been verified to exist. Scientists refer to the hypothetical item as an "ultra-long period magnetar."
An artist's impression of what the object might look like if it's a magnetar. (ICRAR)
"It's a type of slowly spinning neutron star that has been predicted to exist theoretically," Hurley-Walker explained. "However, no one anticipated to immediately discover one like this since they were not thought to be that brilliant. It converts magnetic energy to radio waves considerably more efficiently than anything else we've seen previously."
Astronomers believe it is a rare sort of neutron star or a collapsing white dwarf, but they need to examine it again to establish if it is a fluke or a new type of space object.
For the first time, astronomers have captured solid evidence of a rare double cosmic cannibalism — a star swallowing a compact object such as a black hole or neutron star. In turn, that object gobbled the star’s core, causing it to explode and leave behind only a black hole.
The first hints of the gruesome event, described in the Sept. 3 Science, came from the Very Large Array (VLA), a radio telescope consisting of 27 enormous dishes in the New Mexican desert near Socorro. During the observatory’s scans of the night sky in 2017, a burst of radio energy as bright as the brightest exploding star — or supernova — as seen from Earth appeared in a dwarf star–forming galaxy approximately 500 million light-years away.
“We thought, ‘Whoa, this is interesting,’” says Dillon Dong, an astronomer at Caltech.
He and his colleagues made follow-up observations of the galaxy using the VLA and one of the telescopes at the W.M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii, which sees in the same optical light as our eyes. The Keck telescope caught a luminous outflow of material spewing in all directions at 3.2 million kilometers per hour from a central location, suggesting that an energetic explosion had occurred there in the past.
The team then found an extremely bright X-ray source in archival data from the Monitor of All Sky X-ray Image (MAXI) telescope, a Japanese instrument that sits on the International Space Station. This X-ray burst was in the same place as the radio one but had been observed back in 2014.
Piecing the data together, Dong and his colleagues think this is what happened: Long ago, a binary pair of stars were born orbiting each other; one died in a spectacular supernova and became either a neutron star or a black hole. As gravity brought the two objects closer together, the dead star actually entered the outer layers of its larger stellar sibling.
The compact object spiraled inside the still-living star for hundreds of years, eventually making its way down to and then eating its partner’s core. During this time, the larger star shed huge amounts of gas and dust, forming a shell of material around the duo.
In the living star’s center, gravitational forces and complex magnetic interactions from the dead star’s munching launched enormous jets of energy — picked up as an X-ray flash in 2014 — as well as causing the larger star to explode. Debris from the detonation smashed with colossal speed into the surrounding shell of material, generating the optical and radio light.
While theorists have previously envisioned such a scenario, dubbed a merger-triggered core collapse supernova, this appears to represent the first direct observation of this phenomenon, Dong says.
“They’ve done some pretty good detective work using these observations,” says Adam Burrows, an astrophysicist at Princeton University who was not involved in the new study. He says the findings should help constrain the timing of a process called common envelope evolution, in which one star becomes immersed inside another. Such stages in stars’ lives are relatively short-lived in cosmic time and difficult to both observe and simulate. Most of the time, the engulfing partner dies before its core is consumed, leading to two compact objects like white dwarfs, neutron stars or black holes orbiting one another.
The final stages of these systems are exactly what observatories like the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, or LIGO, detect when capturing spacetime’s ripples, Dong says (SN: 8/4/21). Now that astronomers know to look for these multiple lines of evidence, he expects them to find more examples of this strange phenomenon.
NASA Releases 4k Video Of The Moon Ending The Moon Landing Conspiracy
NASA Releases 4k Video Of The Moon Ending The Moon Landing Conspiracy
NASA has just released a 4K video tour of Earth’s moon and the footage will make your jaw drop. Even though Earth’s moon can be viewed in unprecedented detail from Earth, NASA has recently released a video filmed in 4k showing off the surface of the moon in unprecedented close-up detail, and the video will definitely take your breath away.
How can we describe the video footage? Well, it’s stunning. It’s mesmerizing. It’s Fresh. It offers an entirely new way of exploring the surface of the moon, and you can see all of the most important and prominent features of the Earth’s satellite in the stunning video footage.
The footage dubbed as “virtual tour of the moon” in breathtaking 4K has been collected by NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft over a span of nine years. “The tour visits a number of interesting sites chosen to illustrate a variety of lunar terrain features,” Ernie Wright of NASA’s Space Visualization Studio explained in a blog post. “Some are on the near side and are familiar to both professional and amateur observers on Earth, while others can only be seen clearly from space.”
Wright explains that this recently published video is, in fact, an updated version of another one released 7 years ago, in 2011. Despite the fact that the camera path may be the same, the data that has been gathered in 7 years has made it possible for NASA to create a far more incredible and detailed presentation of the moon.
The recently released 4k video displays a number of the moon’s features, combining colors that highlight important or noteworthy data to make sure you not only enjoy the view but learn something new. One of the most interesting parts of the video is when we have the chance to fly over the Tycho Crater, a lunar formation said to be around 100 million years old.
The most interesting part occurs when you think you’ve seen the best part.
The video zooms in unprecedently, focusing on Tycho Crater’s mesmerizing central peak which features an enigmatic 100-meter-wide bolder at the summit, “the origins of which are still a mystery,” the video’s narrator says, adding to the suspense. In addition to the Tycho crater, you can also fly above the Apollo 17 landing site at the Taurus-Littrow Valley, which as explained in the video, is deeper than the Grand Canyon on Earth. So, the end of the Moon landing conspiracy…right? I wonder, does that make the Taurus-Littrow Valley the ‘Grander Canyon’?
Anyway, while exploring the Apollo 17 landing site, the video offers a few overlays that show us the path NASA astronauts took as they spent three days on the surface of the moon in 1972. You can appreciate the bottom half of the mission’s lunar lander and rover vehicle, items that have remained untouched and undisturbed for the last 46 years.
Nearly 40 years ago, Phil Tindale believes he witnessed what can only be described as an air battle between two UFOs — which ended with one crashing to earth.
It was about 9.30pm on Thursday, February 7, 1980, and he was at home in the South Australian town of Aldgate when his twin brother Rob called out from his bedroom, “Phil, come and check this out.”
From their window looking down the valley towards Stirling, about 20 minutes southeast of Adelaide, the 10-year-olds saw a bright yellow object “bobbing around” just above the tree line, about 1km away.
After a few minutes, Phil says a second, slightly larger object appeared emitting a red light. In what he describes as almost cartoon-like motion, it “zoomed up” to the yellow object, stopped and reversed, then did it again “as if to prompt a reaction”.
The yellow object then “took off” with the red object in pursuit. They zigzagged across the sky like two “blowflies”, changing direction instantly with no apparent inertia and covering distances he later estimated to be up to half a kilometre in less than a second.
Throughout the “chase”, which Phil says lasted several minutes, the yellow object would periodically stop in mid-flight and shake back and forth “as if caught by some invisible force” before freeing itself.
An Associated Press article from February 8, 1980, about the Stirling UFO sighting.
Neither object made any noise. Eventually the yellow object sped off and disappeared behind a hill, and the red object also vanished. In total, he believes the entire sighting lasted about 15 minutes.
Rob Tindale confirmed his brother’s account.
“Certainly there were two lights, one appeared to the chasing the other, they both dipped below the horizon,” he said.
“It was a very memorable thing.”
The same night, a local farmhand, 21-year-old Daryl Browne, reported seeing a “speedboat-shaped yellow thing” like a “half moon” crash into some trees near the horse farm where he worked — in the exact area where the brothers last saw the object.
According to newspaper reports, Mr Browne told police he was watching TV that night when his dogs began howling. “And then I heard the trees smashing,” he said.
“I locked the kids inside and went outside with a torch.”
Mr Browne shone the flashlight into the trees and saw the object, which was “about 25 to 30 feet long” and was not emitting and sound or light. He called police but the object had disappeared by the time they arrived.
At the time, police told media only that there were unexplained broken branches and no other physical evidence. Mr Browne was interviewed by investigators from UFO Research South Australia the next day, who published a report in that month’s UFO Research Australia newsletter.
UFO Research Australia’s first newsletter.
Investigators visited the scene the next day.
For Phil, 49, the strange sighting was nothing more than a “campfire story” for the next 30 years or so. It wasn’t until around 2009 that he decided to investigate further, revisiting the scene of the crash and delving deep into the UFO topic.
He believes their sighting is unique, saying he has been unable to find virtually any other reports of “conflict” between UFOs. He says he is “100 per cent” convinced what he saw was extraterrestrial, and not military aircraft.
“Over the years I’ve done lots of reading but also personal investigation, contacting people one to one. There are loads of people out there who just don’t report it, don’t talk about it,” he said.
“Not everyone has a fantastically compelling sighting, often it’s just lights in the sky, but there are significant numbers of sightings where there is an object that is so far beyond our capability it has to be extraterrestrial.”
Rob said he was probably a bit more “conservative” than his brother about certain aspects of the UFO topic, but if he had to guess what it was they saw that night, “I would tend on the extraterrestrial side”.
“Certainly in the ‘80s and even these days, the fact that the objects made these quick, jerky motions, couldn’t have happened with the technology we’ve got,” he said, adding that it hadn’t particularly affected him. “It wasn’t like a close encounter, it was just seeing some lights in the sky — like watching a meteorite.”
Phil Tindale believes he witnessed two UFOs as a child in 1980.
Interest in the UFO subject has been revitalised in the past two years since The New York Times published a bombshell article revealing the existence of a Pentagon UFO study program. In the same article, a former high-ranking US Navy fighter pilot recounted chasing a “Tic Tac”-shaped UFO.
Phil said commander David Fravor’s description of the object’s movement resembled what he saw. “The instant acceleration, nothing can do that unless you’ve mastered the force of gravity, not using any conventional propulsion,” he said.
He says he has “considered everything” in terms of other possible explanations for what he saw but “the movements of the craft” were simply impossible using “any conventional propulsion”.
“There must be a million people like me,” who have seen things but don’t report them, he adds. In South Australia, at least, Phil is not alone. UFO sightings have been reported in the state since the early 20th century, but surged during the Cold War.
The most famous case was the 1988 incident with the Knowles family, who said they were driving along the remote Nullarbor Plain when a large glowing object “like a big ball” chased them and lifted their car off the ground.
Paul Curnow from the South Australia Astronomical Society said it was still common to get from several dozen to hundreds of UFO reports a year in the state.
“Probably for every 10 cases you get, nine can be explained in mundane terms,” Mr Curnow told the ABC last year. “Quite often people report a little silver dot in the sky (and it) turned out to be an aircraft. A lot of these things like planes, satellites, planets, even searchlights sometimes, can all add to what people are reporting.”
This illustration shows what the TRAPPIST-1 planetary system may look like, based on available data about the planets’ diameters, masses, and distances from the host star. Astronomers have named them the planets TRAPPIST-1a, TRAPPIST-1b, and so forth.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Newspapers around the world printed the discovery on their front pages: Astronomers had found that a red dwarf star called TRAPPIST-1 was home to a close-knit family of seven Earth-size planets. NASA announced the system Feb. 22, 2017.
Using telescopes on the ground and in space, scientists revealed one of the most unusual planetary systems yet found beyond our Sun and opened the tantalizing question: Are any of these worlds habitable—a suitable home for life?
Five years later, the planets are still enigmatic. Since the first announcement, subsequent studies have revealed that the TRAPPIST-1 planets are rocky, that they could be almost twice as old as our solar system, and that they are located 41 light-years from Earth.
But a real game-changer will be the recently launched James Webb Space Telescope. Larger and more powerful than any previous space telescope, Webb will look for signs of atmospheres on the TRAPPIST-1 planets.
"That folks are even able to ask the question about whether a planet around another star is habitable—that just boggles my mind," said Sean Carey, manager of the Exoplanet Science Institute at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. Carey was part of the team that helped discover some of the TRAPPIST-1 planets using data from the now-retired Spitzer Space Telescope.
A prime target for Webb is the fourth planet from the star, called TRAPPIST-1e. It's right smack in the middle of what scientists call the habitable zone, also known as the Goldilocks zone. This is the orbital distance from a star where the amount of heating is right to allow liquid water on the surface of a planet.
Though the planets are tightly packed around TRAPPIST-1, the red dwarf star is not only far cooler than our Sun, it is less than 10% its size. (In fact, if the entire system were placed in our own solar system, it would fit within the orbit of our innermost planet, Mercury.)
Searching for Atmospheres
The habitable zone is just a first cut. A potentially habitable planet also would require a suitable atmosphere, and Webb, especially in its early observations, is likely to gain only a partial indication of whether an atmosphere is present.
"What is at stake here is the first atmosphere characterization of a terrestrial Earth-size planet in the habitable zone," said Michaël Gillon, an astronomer at the University of Liege in Belgium and the lead author of the study that revealed the seven sibling planets in 2017.
Measurements with the Hubble Space Telescope added more information about habitability. While Hubble does not have the power to determine whether the planets possess potentially habitable atmospheres, it did find that at least three of the planets—d, e, and f—do not appear to have the puffy, hydrogen-dominated atmospheres of gas giants, such as Neptune, in our solar system. Such planets are thought to be less likely to support life.
That leaves open the possibility of "the atmospheres' potential to support liquid water on the surface," said Nikole Lewis, a planetary scientist at Cornell University.
Lewis is part of a science team that will use the Webb telescope, which will view the heavens in infrared light, to hunt for signs of an atmosphere on TRAPPIST-1e, the one with the Goldilocks perch in the habitable zone.
"The hope is that we see carbon dioxide, a really strong feature, right at the wavelengths [detectable by] Webb," she said. "Once we know where there are little things peaking up above the noise, we can go back and do a much higher resolution look in that area."
The size of the TRAPPIST-1 planets also might help to strengthen the case for habitability, though the research is far from conclusive.
They're comparable to Earth not just in diameter but mass. Narrowing down the mass of the planets was possible, thanks to their tight bunching around TRAPPIST-1: Packed shoulder to shoulder, they jostle one another, enabling scientists to compute their likely range of mass from those gravitational effects.
"We have gotten some really good information about their size—mass and radius," said Cornell's Lewis. "That means we know about their densities."
The densities suggest the planets might be composed of materials found in terrestrial planets like Earth.
Scientists use computer models of possible planetary atmosphere formation and evolution to try to narrow down their possible composition, and these will be critical for the TRAPPIST-1 planets, Lewis said.
"The great thing about the TRAPPIST system is that it is going to allow us to refine those models either way—whether they will end up being just barren rock or end up being potentially habitable worlds," she said.
For Gillon, another great thing about the system is the reach of the TRAPPIST-1 system. "I've seen TRAPPIST-1 included in some artistic works; I've seen it in music, sci-fi novels, comics," he said. "That's really something we have enjoyed during these five years. It's like this system has a life of its own."
Explore the TRAPPIST-1 system using NASA’s Eyes on Exoplanets interactive visualization, where you can view each planet illustration up close. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Here’s What China is Planning to do in Space for the Next 5 Years
Here’s What China is Planning to do in Space for the Next 5 Years
Central planning is literately central to any communist country, though its history has mixed results. As part of that planning, bureaucrats in all parts of the government are occasionally tasked with coming up with goals and milestones for their specific part of the government. These usually take the form of a five or ten-year plan, which is what the China National Space Agency (CNSA) released on January 28th.
This is the 5th such report, with previous releases in 2000, 2006, 2011, and 2016, and the current plans for future space exploration build on the efforts of the past plans. At over 7500 words, the document itself is hefty but still a relatively high-level overview of what the agency hopes to achieve. Some main focal points include improving the sustainability of their rocket launches, improving their global position system, partnering with Russia on lunar exploration, maintaining and expanding the Tiangong space station, researching the underlying technology for a Mars sample return mission, and building a global partnership to build a research station on the moon.
The Long March rocket is China’s workhorse rocket, and in the next five years, it should see an environmental improvement, making them pollution-free soon. In addition, CNSA plans to develop an additional fleet of rockets that can respond to the “growing need for regular launches,” according to the white paper. This would include reusable systems and upper stages that can reenter the atmosphere.
Press conference for the release of the CNSA 5 Year Plan Credit – CNSA / SciNews YouTube Channel
Launching above the atmosphere is key to any global positioning system, which CNSA also plans to improve dramatically in the next five years. BeiDou is CNSA’s answer to GPS and includes satellites for remote sensing and environmental monitoring. Improvements in its positioning accuracy and setting up communications relays are wrapped into the five-year plan. Pure scientific satellites will not be left behind, though, with plans to launch the Xuntian telescope in the next five years, with capabilities about equivalent to Hubble.
Scientific endeavors won’t be limited to space either. Plenty of lunar exploration is in China’s future, with Chang’e 6, 7, and 8 undergoing development and eventually launching in the next five years. With some help from Russia, CNSA hopes to complete another lunar return sample mission and research the lunar polar regions by “hopping” around them. As part of the Sino-Russian Joint Data Center for Lunar and Deep-space Exploration, CNSA hopes to mutually develop plenty of lunar capabilities in the coming years.
It may go alone on other scientific endeavors, though, including the ongoing growth of the Tiangong space station. Having successfully launched in April last year, the Tianhe Core module will join the Wentian and Mengtian Laboratory Cabin Modules over the next five years. Expanding the station’s capabilities will play a significant role in the agency’s operations over the next five years. However, detailed descriptions of what they do will do with it were strangely absent from the white paper.
Launch of a Long March Rocket. Credit – Wikipedia User AAxanderr
Very clearly described in the white paper is China’s desire to continue and expand its ability to explore the Red planet. Over the next five years, CNSA plans to improve its infrastructural ability to support missions around Mars, including by strengthening deep-space communications and developing the underlying technology for a sample return mission. That most likely won’t launch in the next five years, but even with that timeline, it could potentially be competing with NASA’s Mars Sample Return mission in a race to get the first material back to Earth from Mars.
Despite any hints at a second space race, CNSA also stressed the importance of collaborating with other countries as part of an international effort to build a research station on the moon, among other advancements. An entire subsection of the white paper is devoted to international cooperation and stresses the need for global governance as a basis for continued national space exploration efforts.
Our understanding as a species should benefit no matter who is exploring, so the scientific community will likely welcome any further investment in space exploration by China or any other country. If CNSA successfully implements its latest five-year plan, not only will there be much more scientific data available, but the agency will be well placed to reach even further towards the stars in the next five years.
This artist's concept shows two candidate supermassive black holes at the heart of a quasar called PKS 2131-021. In this view of the system, gravity from the foreground black hole (right) can be seen twisting and distorting the light of its companion, which has a powerful jet. Each black hole is about a hundred million times the mass of our sun, with the black hole in the foreground being slightly less massive. Credit: Caltech/R. Hurt (IPAC)
Locked in an epic cosmic waltz 9 billion light years away, two supermassive black holes appear to be orbiting around each other every two years. The two giant bodies each have masses that are hundreds of millions of times larger than that of our sun, and the objects are separated by a distance roughly 50 times that which separates our sun and Pluto. When the pair merge in roughly 10,000 years, the titanic collision is expected to shake space and time itself, sending gravitational waves across the universe.
A Caltech-led team of astronomers has discovered evidence for this scenario taking place within a fiercely energetic object known as a quasar. Quasars are active cores of galaxies in which a supermassive black hole is siphoning material from a disk encircling it. In some quasars, the supermassive black hole creates a jet that shoots out at near the speed of light. The quasar observed in the new study, PKS 2131-021, belongs to a subclass of quasars called blazars in which the jet is pointing toward the Earth. Astronomers already knew quasars could possess two orbiting supermassive black holes, but finding direct evidence for this has proved difficult.
Reporting in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, the researchers argue that PKS 2131-021 is now the second known candidate for a pair of supermassive black holes caught in the act of merging. The first candidate pair, within a quasar called OJ 287, orbit each other at greater distances, circling every nine years versus the two years it takes for the PKS 2131-021 pair to complete an orbit.
The telltale evidence came from radio observations of PKS 2131-021 that span 45 years. According to the study, a powerful jet emanating from one of the two black holes within PKS 2131-021 is shifting back and forth due to the pair's orbital motion. This causes periodic changes in the quasar's radio-light brightness. Five different observatories registered these oscillations, including Caltech's Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO), the University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory (UMRAO), MIT's Haystack Observatory, the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), Metsähovi Radio Observatory in Finland, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) space satellite.
The combination of the radio data yields a nearly perfect sinusoidal light curve unlike anything observed from quasars before.
"When we realized that the peaks and troughs of the light curve detected from recent times matched the peaks and troughs observed between 1975 and 1983, we knew something very special was going on," says Sandra O'Neill, lead author of the new study and an undergraduate student at Caltech who is mentored by Tony Readhead, Robinson Professor of Astronomy, Emeritus.
Ripples in Space and Time
Most, if not all, galaxies possess monstrous black holes at their cores, including our own Milky Way galaxy. When galaxies merge, their black holes "sink" to the middle of the newly formed galaxy and eventually join together to form an even more massive black hole. As the black holes spiral toward each other, they increasingly disturb the fabric of space and time, sending out gravitational waves, which were first predicted by Albert Einstein more than 100 years ago.
The National Science Foundation's LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory), which is managed jointly by Caltech and MIT, detects gravitational waves from pairs of black holes up to dozens of times the mass of our sun. However, the supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies have millions to billions of times as much mass as our sun, and give off lower frequencies of gravitational waves than those detected by LIGO.
In the future, pulsar timing arrays—which consist of an array of pulsing dead stars precisely monitored by radio telescopes—should be able to detect the gravitational waves from supermassive black holes of this heft. (The upcoming Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, or LISA, mission would detect merging black holes whose masses are 1,000 to 10 million times greater than the mass of our sun.) So far, no gravitational waves have been registered from any of these heavier sources, but PKS 2131-021 provides the most promising target yet.
In the meantime, light waves are the best option to detect coalescing supermassive black holes.
The first such candidate, OJ 287, also exhibits periodic radio-light variations. These fluctuations are more irregular, and not sinusoidal, but they suggest the black holes orbit each other every nine years. The black holes within the new quasar, PKS 2131-021, orbit each other every two years and are 2,000 astronomical units apart, about 50 times the distance between our sun and Pluto, or 10 to 100 times closer than the pair in OJ 287. (An astronomical unit is the distance between Earth and the sun.)
Revealing the 45-Year Light Curve
Readhead says the discoveries unfolded like a "good detective novel," beginning in 2008 when he and colleagues began using the 40-meter telescope at OVRO to study how black holes convert material they "feed" on into relativistic jets, or jets traveling at speeds up to 99.98 percent that of light. They had been monitoring the brightness of more than 1,000 blazars for this purpose when, in 2020, they noticed a unique case.
"PKS 2131 was varying not just periodically, but sinusoidally," Readhead says. "That means that there is a pattern we can trace continuously over time." The question, he says, then became how long has this sine wave pattern been going on?
The research team then went through archival radio data to look for past peaks in the light curves that matched predictions based on the more recent OVRO observations. First, data from NRAO's Very Long Baseline Array and UMRAO revealed a peak from 2005 that matched predictions. The UMRAO data further showed there was no sinusoidal signal at all for 20 years before that time—until as far back as 1981 when another predicted peak was observed.
"The story would have stopped there, as we didn't realize there were data on this object before 1980," Readhead says. "But then Sandra picked up this project in June of 2021. If it weren't for her, this beautiful finding would be sitting on the shelf."
O'Neill began working with Readhead and the study's second author Sebastian Kiehlmann, a postdoc at the University of Crete and former staff scientist at Caltech, as part of Caltech's Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program. O'Neill began college as a chemistry major but picked up the astronomy project because she wanted to stay active during the pandemic. "I came to realize I was much more excited about this than anything else I had worked on," she says.
With the project back on the table, Readhead searched through the literature and found that the Haystack Observatory had made radio observations of PKS 2131-021 between 1975 and 1983. These data revealed another peak matching their predictions, this time occurring in 1976.
"This work shows the value of doing accurate monitoring of these sources over many years for performing discovery science," says co-author Roger Blandford, Moore Distinguished Scholar in Theoretical Astrophysics at Caltech who is currently on sabbatical from Stanford University.
Like Clockwork
Readhead compares the system of the jet moving back and forth to a ticking clock, where each cycle, or period, of the sine wave corresponds to the two-year orbit of the black holes (though the observed cycle is actually five years due to light being stretched by the expansion of the universe). This ticking was first seen in 1976 and it continued for eight years before disappearing for 20 years, likely due to changes in the fueling of the black hole. The ticking has now been back for 17 years.
"The clock kept ticking," he says, "The stability of the period over this 20-year gap strongly suggests that this blazar harbors not one supermassive black hole, but two supermassive black holes orbiting each other."
The physics underlying the sinusoidal variations were at first a mystery, but Blandford came up with a simple and elegant model to explain the sinusoidal shape of the variations.
"We knew this beautiful sine wave had to be telling us something important about the system," Readhead says. "Roger's model shows us that it is simply the orbital motion that does this. Before Roger worked it out, nobody had figured out that a binary with a relativistic jet would have a light curve that looked like this."
Kiehlmann says their "study provides a blueprint for how to search for such blazar binaries in the future."
One of the strangest things that revolves around the mysteries of Mars is that some of the enigmas on the planet’s surface seem to have an eerie way of seeing the future. Or, rather, the other way around. You’ll soon see what I mean by that. Located on a specific area of Mars called Cydonia Mensae are two huge, battered and bruised structures that, for decades, have intrigued and amazed the public, NASA scientists and engineers, the media, the CIA, and psychics. And that’s just the tip of the iceberg. The most famous one of the two has become known as the “Face on Mars.” As for how NASA learned of the Face on Mars – something that directly led the rest of us to hear of it, and to finally see it, too – Mac Tonnies laid down the facts: “NASA itself discovered the Face, on July 25, 1976, and even showed it at a press conference, after it had been photographed by NASA’s Viking mission probe. Of course, it was written off as a curiosity. Scientific analysis would have to await independent researchers. The first two objects to attract attention were the Face and what has become known as the ‘D&M Pyramid.’ Both of them were unearthed by digital imaging specialists Vincent DiPietro and Gregory Molenaar [at the time, engineers at NASA’s Goddard Space Center at Greenbelt, Maryland]. Shortly after, Face researcher Richard Hoagland pointed out a collection of features near the Face which he termed the ‘City.’ The ‘Fort,’ too.”
(NASA)
The Face on Mars”
Now, we get to the weird part of this: the other Face on Mars; one that was “created” back in the 1950s. In one of those “you can’t make this stuff up” situations, it’s now time to turn our attentions to the connection between the Face on Mars and a legendary comic-book artist; a man who turned out to be one of the key figures in the “superhero” genre. It’s to 1958 that we now have to turn our attentions. It was in that year that Harvey Comics published a three-part production that went by the title of Race for the Moon. Although Kirby is primarily known for his distinct, and easily recognizable, style of drawing, he wasn’t just the artist on two issues of Race for the Moon. He was the writer of the story, too. Of the three stories, it’s the second comic-book in the trilogy that, for us, is the most important one of all. And, just why might that be? Because it revolves around nothing less than a giant, carved, stone head that is found on the surface of the planet Mars. It’s even referred to as “the Face on Mars” in the comic-book itself. A strange, but wholly coincidental precursor for what was to come to the fore a couple of decades later? Maybe so. There’s no doubt that there are undeniable parallels between the Face on Mars as we know it today, and the creation of Jack Kirby’s fictional Face on Mars, back in the late 1950s. Coincidence? Such a thing is certainly not impossible. Or, did Kirby have a brief glimpse at what would be seen, decades later, in the 1970s?
(NASA)
A real-life Face-Hugger?
Now, let’s turn to 1979. That was the year in which the highly successful movie, Alien – starring Sigourney Weaver – hit the cinemas. One of the creepiest critters in the movie were the Face-Huggers. Now, consider the next part of the story. Taken in July 2015 by NASA’s Curiosity Rover, one photo appears to show a strange creature that looks astonishingly like the monstrous face-invading creatures that appear in the phenomenally successful series of Alien movies. The story broke in early August 2015. The headlines were predictably sensational. The U.K.’s Metro newspaper ran with the story and titled their feature as follows: “Crab-like alien ‘facehugger’ is seen crawling out of a cave on Mars.” Coincidence? Finally, let’s get to one of the most famous of all sci-fi movies: 2001: A Space Odyssey.
How about a look at one of Mars’ moons? Namely, Phobos? There’s a good reason why we should discuss this tiny moon in this particular article. In 1968, the acclaimed sci-fi epic, 2001: A Space Odyssey – the work of producer and director, Stanley Kubrick – hit cinemas all around the world and raked in close to $200 Million. In the opening segment of the movie we see a tribe of primitive, early “ape-men” fighting for survival in the harsh landscape of what is now the continent of Africa – albeit in the film it plays out millions of years ago. One day the tribe awakes to find that overnight a strange, black-colored monolith has appeared in their very midst. In no time at all, the intelligence levels of the creatures are increased by, it appears, the monolith itself. The implication is that something of an extraterrestrial nature has kick-started human civilization into what will eventually be high gear. As amazing and as unbelievable as it may sound, a monolith has been photographed on the surface of Phobos. A case of fact eerily mirroring fiction? Well, that very much depends on one’s own opinion. It’s time now to address an issue as weird as those you’ve already seen.
(NASA)
Phobos: a moon of mysteries
We have a man named Efrain Palermo to thank for bringing the next incredible matter to light. As someone with a deep interest in Mars and its moons, he decided to make an extensive review of the many pictures that NASA had secured from its Mars Global Surveyor in 1998. Palermo was amazed by what he found. He said that while studying one particular image from Phobos “…my eye caught something sticking up out of the surface.” As to what that “something” was, Palermo added: “I downloaded it into Photoshop and zoomed into that area, and there it was, an apparent cylindrical shaped object casting a longish shadow and having a slanted roof.” Dr. Mark Carlotto, the author of The Martian Enigmas, and someone who has undertaken groundbreaking research into the controversies surrounding the Face on Mars and the Cydonia region, took an interest in the apparent monolith. Palermo explains that Carlotto “…referred me to Lan Fleming a NASA imaging specialist who has interest in Mars and other solar system anomalies. Lan looked at it and upon further examination and study concluded as did I, that this was a physical anomaly on the surface of Phobos.” Not only was this just an anomaly; it also strangely mirrored the opening parts of 2001: A Space Odyssey – namely, a mysterious monolith. Past and present blending together, and in a very strange – almost supernatural – fashion? Maybe, that’s exactly what it was.
Note: NASA is an arm of the U.S. Government. Photos taken by NASA are considered to be in the public domain
A couple of days ago, I shared with you a very eerie case – from the 1950s – of a Woman in Black and an Alien Big Cat. I thought that, today, I would expand on this eerie issue of the WIB and share with you what the Women in Black phenomenon is really like. Within the world of UFO research, the Men in Black are about as legendary as they are feared. These pale-faced, ghoulish entities have for decades terrorized into silence both witnesses to, and researchers of, UFO encounters. Theories for who or what the MIB might be are legion. They include: extraterrestrials, government agents, demonic creatures, vampires, time-travelers from the future, and inter-dimensional beings from realms that co-exist with ours. There may very well be more than one explanation for the unsettling phenomenon. While much has been written on the sinister and occasionally deadly actions of the MIB, very little has been penned on the subject of their equally bone-chilling companions: the Women in Black. Make no mistake: the WIB are all too real. And they are as ominous, predatory and dangerous as their male counterparts. In the same way that the Men in Black don’t always wear black, but sometimes wear military uniforms or specifically beige-colored outfits, so do the WIB, who are also quite partial to white costumes. In that sense, “WIB” is, just like “MIB,” a term that is somewhat flexible in terms of actual nature and description.
(Nick Redfern)
The creepy companions of the Men in Black
The WIB may not have achieved the iconic status of the MIB – until now – but these fearsome females, and their collective role in silencing those that immerse themselves in the UFO puzzle, as well as in the domains of the occult and the world of the paranormal, are all too terrifyingly real. Not only that: the WIB have a long and twisted history. Years before they plagued and tormented flying saucer seekers, the Women in Black roamed the landscape by night, stealing babies and young children, and plaguing the good folk of 19th century United States and United Kingdom. They were also up to their infernal tricks in the 1920s. A definitive WIB surfaced in nothing less than a piece of publicity-based footage for a Charlie Chaplin movie, The Circus, which was made in 1928. The footage, undeniably genuine and shown not to have been tampered with, reveals what appears to be an old, short lady, wearing a long black coat and a black hat pulled low over her face, while walking through Los Angeles in west coast heat. If that was not strange enough, she is clearly holding to her ear what appears to be a cellphone and is talking into it as she walks. Weirder still, the Woman in Black sports an enormous pair of black shoes, which look most out of place, given her short stature. She also seems to be taking careful steps to avoid her face being seen clearly. Might she have been some kind of time-traveling Woman in Black, working hard – but spectacularly failing – to blend in with the people of Los Angeles, all those years ago?
Fifteen years later, a terrifying WIB haunted the Bender family of Bridgeport, Connecticut. It so happens that a certain Albert Bender, of that very clan began the Men in Black mystery. In the early 1950s, Bender, after establishing the International Flying Saucer Bureau, was visited and threatened with nothing less than death by a trio of pale, skinny, fedora-wearing MIB. They were visits which firmly set the scene for the decades of MIB-themed horror and mayhem that followed. Bender’s visitors were not secret-agents of government, however. He said they materialized in his bedroom – a converted attic in a creepy old house of Psycho proportions – amid an overpowering stench of sulfur. They were shadowy beings with demon-like, glowing eyes. We surely cannot blame the CIA, the FBI, or even the all-powerful NSA, for that! In 1956, UFO sleuth Gray Barker penned a book on Bender’s confrontations with the Men in Black. It was titled They Knew Too Much About Flying Saucers and became a classic. Six years later, Bender penned his very own book on his encounters with the MIB: Flying Saucers and the Three Men. It was these two books that brought the MIB into the minds and homes of flying saucer enthusiasts across the world. After which, Bender dropped each and every one of his ties to Ufology. He was careful to avoid speaking about the subject ever again, and, thereon, focused his time on running the appreciation-society of composer Max Steiner.
Back in the 1930s, however, the Bender family had a black-garbed woman in its midst that tormented both young and old in the dead of night. Predating Albert Bender’s own experience with the MIB by years, the hideous silencer in black haunted the Benders near-endlessly. For the Bender family, long before the MIB there was a Woman in Black. In the 1960s, the emotionless, evil-eyed WIB turned up in the small, doom-filled town of Point Pleasant, West Virginia. And right around the time that sightings of the legendary flying monster known as Mothman were at their height. Claiming to be “census-takers,” these pale-faced, staring-eyed WIB practically forced their way into the homes of frightened witnesses to Mothman. What began as seemingly normal questions about the number of people in the house, of the average income of the family, and of the number of rooms in the relevant property, soon mutated into something much stranger: persistent and intrusive questions about strange dreams, about unusual telephone interference, and about beliefs regarding the world of all-things of a paranormal nature soon followed.
(Nick Redfern)
Women in Black and Mothman, a strange connection
One of the WIB that put in an appearance at Point Pleasant claimed to have been the secretary of acclaimed author on all-things paranormal, John Keel, author of The Mothman Prophecies. Just like her male counterparts, she turned up on doorsteps late at night, waiting to be invited in, before grilling mystified and scared souls about their UFO and Mothman encounters. Then vanishing into the night after carefully instilling feelings of distinct fear in the interviewees. Only when dozens of such stories got back to Keel did he realize the sheer, incredible, scale of the dark ruse that was afoot. Keel had to break the unsettling news to each and every one of the frightened souls who contacted him: “I have no secretary.” In the 1970s, wig-wearing and anemic-looking WIB made life hell for more than a few people who were unfortunate enough to cross their paths. Something similar occurred in England, Scotland, and Ireland during the 1980s: a weird wave of encounters with “phantom social workers” hit the UK. They were out of the blue encounters that eerily paralleled the incidents involving WIB-based “census-takers” that manifested in West Virginia back in the 1960s.
In early 1987, Bruce Lee, a book-editor for Morrow, had an experience with a WIB-type character in an uptown New York bookstore. Lee’s attention to the curious woman – short, wrapped in a wool hat and a long scarf, and wearing large black sunglasses behind which could be seen huge, “mad dog” eyes – was prompted by something strange and synchronistic. She and her odd partner were speed-reading the pages of the then-newly-published UFO-themed book, Communion, by Whitley Strieber. It was a book published by the very company Lee was working for. Lee quickly exited the store, shaken to the core by the appearance and hostile air that the peculiar pair oozed in his presence. Both 2012 and 2014 saw incredible and frightening encounters with the Women in Black across the United States. And, as you will now learn, the above-accounts amount to the mere tip of what is a gigantic, much under-appreciated iceberg. When paranormal activity occurs, when UFOs intrude upon the lives of petrified people, and when researchers of all things paranormal get too close to the truth for their own good, the WIB are ready to strike. They dwell within darkness, they surface when the landscape is black and shadowy, and they spread terror and negativity wherever they walk. Or, on occasion, silently glide. They are the Women in Black. Fear them. Keep away from them. And never, ever, let them in the house.
On October 11, 1973, Charles Hickson and Calvin Parker claim they were fishing off a pier on the Pascagoula River in Mississippi when they saw a UFO, were abducted by aliens, taken on their ship, subjected to experiments, and then returned to the ground. The incident has become one of the best-known and most researched alien abduction cases. Recently, Calvin Parker, who was 19 in 1973, has revealed something new – he has been experiencing visions since the alleged abduction and he’s now fearful because some of the visions are coming true
“My time here on earth is almost over, having had a lot of health problems. I would not want to leave here knowing there could be something I could do to help someone. So I will tell what I was shown that day onboard the UFO and I will try to go into as much detail as I can remember. There is a plague going on now, of course there has always been some kind of plague since the beginning of time but from what I saw this on gets even worse.”
In an interview with The Mirror, Parker, now 68, says he had a near-death experience during the abduction which has affected his health ever since. Charles Hickson was always the more revealing witness (he died in 2011), while Parker never really opened up until his book, Pascagoula – The Closest Encounter: My Story, was published in 2018. Parker’s first revelation to The Mirror is about a massive plague – it’s easy to assume he’s equating it to the current COVID-19 pandemic with references to killing millions, “family against family, friend against friend” and not trusting anyone. Sound familiar?
“Then there is going to be a great war that one side blames the other. In my vision I have seen people’s skin melt off their body. I don’t know if it’s a nuclear war or not but it puts nation against nation. There will not be a nation on Earth that is not touched by this war.”
Parker’s second vision of a “great war” comes on the heels of the escalation of the border conflict between Russia and Ukraine. Coincidence? He predicts food shortages, crop failures and water supplies being cut off as a result of this war. Both of these were caused by humans and “God is going to teach us a lesson and stay out of it before he steps back in.” That last comment may be a sign of what might really be going on in Calvin Parker’s mind – his own mortality, due to cancer and the abduction event, and his frustration with current U.S. politics.
“My personal opinion is that they [politicians] are a bunch of idiots that overlook what is best for our planet and the entire human race.”
While he says these “visions” came from his abduction, Parker makes a U-turn and doesn’t call them inevitable events – instead, he says humanity will change for the better and begin to heal “slowly but surely.” What happened to the plague and the war? He then presents the visions either as a “curse” he was given that ruined his life or as a message he’s supposed to reveal “to help save our planet or mankind.”
Something happened in 1973 that changed the life of Calvin Parker. Was it an alien abduction or a manmade event? Is Calvin Parker trying to make things right for the world … or for himself?
Hey I was looking though some recent and came across some ancient alien artifacts. One was an old boot, heavy, military grade. Another item was a statue of a person in a sitting position, with her hair up. And there was a face half buried in the dirt not far from another piece of machinery. All these items are very close to the Mars Rover. The newest rover NASA has...the Perseverance. You can even see part of the rover in the actual photograph below. Its 100% proof that NASA is hiding the facts from the public, keeping us all in the dark. Why? So we wont call them liars! Thats NASAs real fear. That would cause everyone to doubt everything that NASA has said since its creation 50 years ago. Yes, thats right! NASA was created to hide the lie...and that is the truth they don't want you to know.
This UFO was caught over Scotland this week. The woman was a passenger on a plane, looked out the window and noticed a mysterious object hovering in the sky. The photo she took is dramatic evidence, since the craft has not wings, no tail, no windows, no paint, no jet trails, and most of all...no aircraft lights. The craft looks to be about 10 meters across. That would easily hold six or more passengers. the craft does look like a dark disk.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
News states:
The sighting took place on a flight which departed from Glasgow Airport last Thursday morning. One passenger was able to take some clear snaps of the unidentified object. Passengers on a flight from Glasgow were left startled by the sight of what appeared to be a UFO flying near to their plane. The sighting took place on a flight which departed from Glasgow Airport last Thursday morning (February 17). One passenger was able to take some clear snaps of the unidentified object, which appears to be large and oblong shaped. The photos were taken by a passenger sitting on the right hand side of the plane as it cruised at high altitude above the clouds.
The out-of-this-world ice cloud images were captured by NASA’s Curiosity rover and were published as a pair of GIFs by the space agency.
The plumes of carbon dioxide floated above the Martian surface at a height of around 80km, with NASA concluding they were more likely to be ‘composed of carbon dioxide ice as opposed to water.’
The space agency’s icy galactic cloud GIFs certainly offer a cool insight into observing the sky overhead from the Red Planet at ground level.
In one clip, shadows from the clouds can be seen drifting across the terrain, while the other captures the clouds in the sky directly above Curiosity.
An object hidden below ground has been located using quantum technology—a long-awaited milestone with profound implications for industry, human knowledge and national security.
University of Birmingham researchers from the UK National Quantum Technology Hub in Sensors and Timing have reported their achievement in Nature. It is the first in the world for a quantum gravity gradiometer outside of laboratory conditions.
The quantum gravity gradiometer, which was developed under a contract for the Ministry of Defense and in the UKRI-funded Gravity Pioneer project, was used to find a tunnel buried outdoors in real-world conditions one meter below the ground surface. It wins an international race to take the technology outside.
The sensor works by detecting variations in microgravity using the principles of quantum physics, which is based on manipulating nature at the sub-molecular level.
The success opens a commercial path to significantly improved mapping of what exists below ground level.
This will mean:
Reduced costs and delays to construction, rail and road projects.
Improved prediction of natural phenomena such as volcanic eruptions.
Discovery of hidden natural resources and built structures.
Understanding archaeological mysteries without damaging excavation.
Professor Kai Bongs, head of cold atom physics at the University of Birmingham and principal investigator of the UK Quantum Technology Hub Sensors and Timing, said: "This is an 'Edison moment' in sensing that will transform society, human understanding and economies.
"With this breakthrough we have the potential to end reliance on poor records and luck as we explore, build and repair. In addition, an underground map of what is currently invisible is now a significant step closer, ending a situation where we know more about Antarctica than what lies a few feet below our streets."
Current gravity sensors are limited by a range of environmental factors. A particular challenge is vibration, which limits the measurement time of all gravity sensors for survey applications. If these limitations can be addressed, surveys can become faster, more comprehensive and lower cost.
The sensor developed by Dr. Michael Holynski, Head of Atom Interferometry at Birmingham and lead author of the study, and his team at Birmingham is a gravity gradiometer. Their system overcomes vibration and a variety of other environmental challenges in order to successfully apply quantum technology in the field.
The successful detection, realized in collaboration with civil engineers led by Professor Nicole Metje of the School of Engineering, is the culmination of a long-term development program that has been closely linked to end-users from its outset.
This breakthrough will allow future gravity surveys to be cheaper, more reliable and delivered 10 times faster, reducing the time needed for surveys from a month to a few days. It has the potential to open a range of new applications for gravity survey, providing a new lens into the underground.
Professor George Tuckwell, director for geoscience and engineering at RSK, said: "Detection of ground conditions such as mine workings, tunnels and unstable ground is fundamental to our ability to design, construct and maintain housing, industry and infrastructure. The improved capability that this new technology represents could transform how we map the ground and deliver these projects."
The breakthrough is a collaboration between the University of Birmingham, environmental, engineering and sustainability solutions provider RSK, Dstl (the Defense Science and Technology Laboratory, part of the UK Ministry of Defense), and technology company Teledyne e2v.
The quantum gravity sensor measures subtle changes in the pulling strength of gravitational fields when a cloud of atoms is dropped. The bigger the object and the greater the difference in density of the object from its surroundings, the stronger the measurable difference in pull. But vibration, instrument tilt and disruption from magnetic and thermal fields have made turning quantum theory into commercial reality challenging. The Birmingham quantum sensor breakthrough is the first to meet these real-world challenges and perform a high spatial resolution survey. The removal of noise due to vibration will unlock gravity mapping at high spatial resolution.
About the UK Quantum Technology Hub Sensors and Timing
The UK Quantum Technology Hub Sensors and Timing (led by the University of Birmingham) brings together experts from Physics and Engineering from the Universities of Birmingham, Glasgow, Imperial, Liverpool John Moores, Nottingham, Southampton, Strathclyde and Sussex, NPL, the British Geological Survey and over 75 industry partners. The Hub has a total of over 120 past and present projects, valued at approximately £200 million, and has 17 patent applications.
The UK Quantum Technology Hub Sensors and Timing is part of the National Quantum Technologies Programme (NQTP), which was established in 2014 and has EPSRC, IUK, STFC, MOD, NPL, BEIS, and GCHQ as partners. Four Quantum Technology Hubs were set up at the outset, each focussing on specific application areas with anticipated societal and economic impact. The Commercialising Quantum Technologies Challenge (funded by the Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund) is part of the NQTP and was launched to accelerate the development of quantum enabled products and services, removing barriers to productivity and competitiveness. The NQTP is set to invest £1B of public and private sector funds over its ten-year lifetime.
For commercial enquiries relating to the University of Birmingham’s patents in Quantum Technologies, please email: info@enterprise.bham.ac.uk
About the University of BIrmingham
The University of Birmingham is ranked amongst the world’s top 100 institutions. Its work brings people from across the world to Birmingham, including researchers, teachers and more than 6,500 international students from over 150 countries.
You probably can’t even fathom how big the universe is until you observe an image showing a miniature, tiny, small, insignificant part of space, home to 84 million galaxies.
The central part of the Milky Way Galaxy showing 84 million stars. Image Credit: ESO.
And yeah, that may sound as much. However, it’s only a small part of the stars and galaxies in the universe.
The jaw-dropping image published by the European South Observatory features 85 million stars and shows a view of the cosmos as observed by the VISTA telescope.
The VISTA telescope can peer through dust fields that usually obscure an optical telescope’s view thanks to three separate infrared filters.
A mind-boggling view
The original, zoomable image is 24.6 gigabytes in size.
The image you see here below is just a small version of the original image, which has a resolution of 108,500×81,500 pixels.
All of the tiny dots you see in this image are stars. Image Credit: ESO.
In other words, it is a 9-gigapixel image of cosmic beauty that reminds us of just how small we are.
If you want to go ahead and download the original, zoomable image and explore the wonders of the cosmos, you can do so by clicking here.
But if you want to take a peek and zoom into the 84 million stars visible in the Vista image, click here.
The image is too large to be viewed at full resolution, so we suggest using the featured zoom tool to observe the image entirely.
As noted in a 2012 photo release from ESO, “this massive dataset contains more than ten times more stars than previous studies and is a major step forward for the understanding of our home galaxy. The image gives viewers an incredible, zoomable view of the central part of our galaxy. If printed with the resolution of a typical book, it is so large that it would be meters long and 7 meters tall.”
The image seen here covers around 315 square degrees of the sky (a bit less than 1% of the entire sky).
READER QUESTION: My understanding is that nothing comes from nothing. For something to exist, there must be material or a component available, and for them to be available, there must be something else available. Now my question: Where did the material come from that created the Big Bang, and what happened in the first instance to create that material? Peter, 80, Australia.
“The last star will slowly cool and fade away. With its passing, the universe will become once more a void, without light or life or meaning.” So warned the physicist Brian Cox in the recent BBC seriesUniverse. The fading of that last star will only be the beginning of an infinitely long, dark epoch. All matter will eventually be consumed by monstrous black holes, which in their turn will evaporate away into the dimmest glimmers of light. Space will expand ever outwards until even that dim light becomes too spread out to interact. Activity will cease.
Or will it? Strangely enough, some cosmologists believe a previous, cold dark empty universe like the one which lies in our far future could have been the source of our very own Big Bang.
The First Matter
But before we get to that, let’s take a look at how “material”—physical matter—first came about. If we are aiming to explain the origins of stable matter made of atoms or molecules, there was certainly none of that around at the Big Bang—nor for hundreds of thousands of years afterwards. We do in fact have a pretty detailed understanding of how the first atoms formed out of simpler particles once conditions cooled down enough for complex matter to be stable, and how these atoms were later fused into heavier elements inside stars. But that understanding doesn’t address the question of whether something came from nothing.
So let’s think further back. The first long-lived matter particles of any kind were protons and neutrons, which together make up the atomic nucleus. These came into existence around one ten-thousandth of a second after the Big Bang. Before that point, there was really no material in any familiar sense of the word. But physics lets us keep on tracing the timeline backwards—to physical processes which predate any stable matter.
This takes us to the so-called “grand unified epoch.” By now, we are well into the realm of speculative physics, as we can’t produce enough energy in our experiments to probe the sort of processes that were going on at the time. But a plausible hypothesis is that the physical world was made up of a soup of short-lived elementary particles, including quarks, the building blocks of protons and neutrons. There was both matter and “antimatter” in roughly equal quantities: each type of matter particle, such as the quark, has an antimatter “mirror image” companion, which is near identical to itself, differing only in one aspect. However, matter and antimatter annihilate in a flash of energy when they meet, meaning these particles were constantly created and destroyed.
But how did these particles come to exist in the first place? Quantum field theory tells us that even a vacuum, supposedly corresponding to empty spacetime, is full of physical activity in the form of energy fluctuations. These fluctuations can give rise to particles popping out, only to be disappear shortly after. This may sound like a mathematical quirk rather than real physics, but such particles have been spotted in countless experiments.
The spacetime vacuum state is seething with particles constantly being created and destroyed, apparently “out of nothing.” But perhaps all this really tells us is that the quantum vacuum is (despite its name) a something rather than a nothing. The philosopher David Albert has memorably criticized accounts of the Big Bang which promise to get something from nothing in this way.
Suppose we ask: where did spacetime itself arise from? Then we can go on turning the clock yet further back, into the truly ancient “Planck epoch”—a period so early in the universe’s history that our best theories of physics break down. This era occurred only one ten-millionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second after the Big Bang. At this point, space and time themselves became subject to quantum fluctuations. Physicists ordinarily work separately with quantum mechanics, which rules the microworld of particles, and with general relativity, which applies on large, cosmic scales. But to truly understand the Planck epoch, we need a complete theory of quantum gravity, merging the two.
We still don’t have a perfect theory of quantum gravity, but there are attempts, like string theory and loop quantum gravity. In these attempts, ordinary space and time are typically seen as emergent, like the waves on the surface of a deep ocean. What we experience as space and time are the product of quantum processes operating at a deeper, microscopic level – processes that don’t make much sense to us as creatures rooted in the macroscopic world.
In the Planck epoch, our ordinary understanding of space and time breaks down, so we can’t any longer rely on our ordinary understanding of cause and effect either. Despite this, all candidate theories of quantum gravity describe something physical that was going on in the Planck epoch—some quantum precursor of ordinary space and time. But where did that come from?
Even if causality no longer applies in any ordinary fashion, it might still be possible to explain one component of the Planck-epoch universe in terms of another. Unfortunately, by now even our best physics fails completely to provide answers. Until we make further progress towards a “theory of everything,” we won’t be able to give any definitive answer. The most we can say with confidence at this stage is that physics has so far found no confirmed instances of something arising from nothing.
Cycles From Almost Nothing
To truly answer the question of how something could arise from nothing, we would need to explain the quantum state of the entire universe at the beginning of the Planck epoch. All attempts to do this remain highly speculative. Some of them appeal to supernatural forces like a designer. But other candidate explanations remain within the realm of physics—such as a multiverse, which contains an infinite number of parallel universes, or cyclical models of the universe, being born and reborn again.
The 2020 Nobel Prize-winning physicist Roger Penrose has proposed one intriguing but controversial model for a cyclical universe dubbed “conformal cyclic cosmology.” Penrose was inspired by an interesting mathematical connection between a very hot, dense, small state of the universe—as it was at the Big Bang—and an extremely cold, empty, expanded state of the universe—as it will be in the far future. His radical theory to explain this correspondence is that those states become mathematically identical when taken to their limits. Paradoxical though it might seem, a total absence of matter might have managed to give rise to all the matter we see around us in our universe.
In this view, the Big Bang arises from an almost nothing. That’s what’s left over when all the matter in a universe has been consumed into black holes, which have in turn boiled away into photons—lost in a void. The whole universe thus arises from something that, viewed from another physical perspective, is as close as one can get to nothing at all. But that nothing is still a kind of something. It is still a physical universe, however empty.
How can the very same state be a cold, empty universe from one perspective and a hot dense universe from another? The answer lies in a complex mathematical procedure called “conformal rescaling,” a geometrical transformation which in effect alters the size of an object but leaves its shape unchanged.
Penrose showed how the cold dense state and the hot dense state could be related by such rescaling so that they match with respect to the shapes of their spacetimes—although not to their sizes. It is, admittedly, difficult to grasp how two objects can be identical in this way when they have different sizes—but Penrose argues size as a concept ceases to make sense in such extreme physical environments.
In conformal cyclic cosmology, the direction of explanation goes from old and cold to young and hot: the hot dense state exists because of the cold empty state. But this “because” is not the familiar one—of a cause followed in time by its effect. It is not only size that ceases to be relevant in these extreme states: time does too. The cold dense state and the hot dense state are in effect located on different timelines. The cold empty state would continue on forever from the perspective of an observer in its own temporal geometry, but the hot dense state it gives rise to effectively inhabits a new timeline all its own.
It may help to understand the hot dense state as produced from the cold empty state in some non-causal way. Perhaps we should say that the hot dense state emerges from, or is grounded in, or realized by the cold, empty state. These are distinctively metaphysical ideas which have been explored by philosophers of science extensively, especially in the context of quantum gravity where ordinary cause and effect seem to break down. At the limits of our knowledge, physics and philosophy become hard to disentangle.
Experimental Evidence?
Conformal cyclic cosmology offers some detailed, albeit speculative, answers to the question of where our Big Bang came from. But even if Penrose’s vision is vindicated by the future progress of cosmology, we might think that we still wouldn’t have answered a deeper philosophical question—a question about where physical reality itself came from. How did the whole system of cycles come about? Then we finally end up with the pure question of why there is something rather than nothing—one of the biggest questions of metaphysics.
But our focus here is on explanations which remain within the realm of physics. There are three broad options to the deeper question of how the cycles began. It could have no physical explanation at all. Or there could be endlessly repeating cycles, each a universe in its own right, with the initial quantum state of each universe explained by some feature of the universe before. Or there could be one single cycle, and one single repeating universe, with the beginning of that cycle explained by some feature of its own end. The latter two approaches avoid the need for any uncaused events—and this gives them a distinctive appeal. Nothing would be left unexplained by physics.
Penrose envisages a sequence of endless new cycles for reasons partly linked to his own preferred interpretation of quantum theory. In quantum mechanics, a physical system exists in a superposition of many different states at the same time, and only “picks one” randomly, when we measure it. For Penrose, each cycle involves random quantum events turning out a different way—meaning each cycle will differ from those before and after it. This is actually good news for experimental physicists, because it might allow us to glimpse the old universe that gave rise to ours through faint traces, or anomalies, in the leftover radiation from the Big Bang seen by the Planck satellite.
Penrose and his collaborators believe they may have spotted these traces already, attributing patterns in the Planck data to radiation from supermassive black holes in the previous universe. However, their claimed observations have been challenged by other physicists and the jury remains out.
Endless new cycles are key to Penrose’s own vision. But there is a natural way to convert conformal cyclic cosmology from a multi-cycle to a one-cycle form. Then physical reality consists in a single cycling around through the Big Bang to a maximally empty state in the far future—and then around again to the very same Big Bang, giving rise to the very same universe all over again.
This latter possibility is consistent with another interpretation of quantum mechanics, dubbed the many-worlds interpretation. The many-worlds interpretation tells us that each time we measure a system that is in superposition, this measurement doesn’t randomly select a state. Instead, the measurement result we see is just one possibility—the one that plays out in our own universe. The other measurement results all play out in other universes in a multiverse, effectively cut off from our own. So no matter how small the chance of something occurring, if it has a non-zero chance then it occurs in some quantum parallel world. There are people just like you out there in other worlds who have won the lottery, or have been swept up into the clouds by a freak typhoon, or have spontaneously ignited, or have done all three simultaneously.
Some people believe such parallel universes may also be observable in cosmological data, as imprints caused by another universe colliding with ours.
Many-worlds quantum theory gives a new twist on conformal cyclic cosmology, though not one that Penrose agrees with. Our Big Bang might be the rebirth of one single quantum multiverse, containing infinitely many different universes all occurring together. Everything possible happens—then it happens again and again and again.
An Ancient Myth
For a philosopher of science, Penrose’s vision is fascinating. It opens up new possibilities for explaining the Big Bang, taking our explanations beyond ordinary cause and effect. It is therefore a great test case for exploring the different ways physics can explain our world. It deserves more attention from philosophers.
For a lover of myth, Penrose’s vision is beautiful. In Penrose’s preferred multi-cycle form, it promises endless new worlds born from the ashes of their ancestors. In its one-cycle form, it is a striking modern re-invocation of the ancient idea of the ouroboros, or world-serpent. In Norse mythology, the serpent Jörmungandr is a child of Loki, a clever trickster, and the giant Angrboda. Jörmungandr consumes its own tail, and the circle created sustains the balance of the world. But the ouroboros myth has been documented all over the world— including as far back as ancient Egypt.
The ouroboros of the one cyclic universe is majestic indeed. It contains within its belly our own universe, as well as every one of the weird and wonderful alternative possible universes allowed by quantum physics—and at the point where its head meets its tail, it is completely empty yet also coursing with energy at temperatures of a hundred thousand million billion trillion degrees Celsius. Even Loki, the shapeshifter, would be impressed.
CHINA SAYS ROVER DISCOVERED GLASS SPHERES ON THE DARK SIDE OF THE MOON
CHINA SAYS ROVER DISCOVERED GLASS SPHERES ON THE DARK SIDE OF THE MOON
"THE GLOBULES SIMPLY BLOW OUR MIND..."
CHINA NATIONAL SPACE ADMINISTRATION
Globular Glass
China’s Yutu-2 rover just won’t stop making — or at least claiming – weird discoveries on the Moon. Case in point, Chinese space authorities now say it’s found several mysterious glass spheres found on the far side of the lunar surface.
The team behind the discovery published a paper about the findings in the journal Science Bulletin, in which they describe the objects as “translucent glass globules.”
The spheres are roughly a centimeter in diameter, they say, and were spotted in images taken by the panorama camera on the Yutu-2 rover on the dark side of the Moon.
However, the glass that the scientists say Yutu-2 discovered is unusual because they say the spheres are bigger than glass typically found on the Moon. Also, the newest glass samples have a unique light brown coloring and are translucent.
“The globules simply blow our mind since they are so unique on the Moon,” Dr. Zhiyong Xiao, an associate professor at the Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory at Sun Yat-sen University and lead author of the study, said in a statement.
Glass Half Full
Xiao added that the discovery might indicate that similar glass spheres might be common on the far side of the Moon. If that’s the case, he suggests that it could also be an incredibly valuable resource for future lunar colonies to produce glass for construction material or tools.
Of course, we’re likely a long way from producing glass windows and greenhouses on the Moon, but it’s still a very fascinating discovery.
Though the globules seem plausible, it’s worth noting that Yutu-2 has been the source of some sketchy claims during its tenure on the Moon. Remember that “moon cube” that turned out to be a boring rock? Or that “gel” that turned out to be, uh, another rock?
So in the case of the spheres, we might withhold judgment until more data comes in.
Vlak voordat we sterven, zien we vermoedelijk de mooiste herinneringen uit ons leven voorbijflitsen. Dat hebben Canadese artsen per ongeluk ontdekt. Een oudere man stierf daar toen hij een hersenscan onderging.
De 87-jarige man werd opgenomen in het Vancouver General Hospital in Canada, om zijn epilepsiestoornis te behandelen. Tijdens zijn EEG of hersenscan kreeg hij plots een dodelijke hartaanval. Daardoor kregen artsen de unieke kans om te zien wat er zich in de hersenen afspeelt als iemand sterft.
Het resultaat is verrassend: voor en na de laatste hartslag, werd er een toename van gammagolven gemeten. Deze hersengolven worden geassocieerd met cognitieve functies, en zijn vooral actief als we ons concentreren, dromen, mediteren en als we herinneringen ophalen.
“We kunnen hieruit leren dat als onze dierbaren hun ogen gesloten hebben en klaar zijn om te rusten, nog even de mooiste momenten uit hun leven kunnen afspelen”, zegt neurochirurg Ajmal Zemmar. “Bovendien daagt het ons uit om opnieuw na te denken over wanneer ons leven precies eindigt. Ook kunnen we ons vragen stellen over bijvoorbeeld de timing van orgaandonatie.”
Wetenschappers benadrukken wel dat het brein van 87-jarige man al beschadigd was door epilepsie. Er is dus nog verder onderzoek nodig om zeker te zijn van de theorie.
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Our lives really DO flash before us: Scientists record the brain activity of an 87-year-old man at the moment he died, revealing a rapid 'memory retrieval' process
Our lives really DO flash before us: Scientists record the brain activity of an 87-year-old man at the moment he died, revealing a rapid 'memory retrieval' process
Researchers recorded brain activity of 87-year-old as he died from a heart attack
Brain waves indicated rapid memory retrieval process occurred at time of death
Findings suggest our life does flash before our eyes through 'memory retrieval'
What happens in the brain as we die has been a source of mystery for centuries, but a new study suggests our lives really do flash before our eyes in our final moments.
Neuroscientists inadvertently recorded a dying brain while they were using electroencephalography (EEG) to detect and treat seizures in an 87-year-old man, and he suffered a cardiac arrest.
It was the first time ever that scientists had recorded the activity of a dying human brain, according to the team.
Rhythmic brain wave patterns were observed to be similar to those occurring during memory retrieval, as well as dreaming and meditation.
This supports a theory known as 'life recall' – that we relive our entire life in the space of seconds like a flash of lightning just prior to death.
In fact, the brain may remain active and coordinated during and after the transition to death, and may even be programmed to 'orchestrate the whole ordeal', according to the researchers.
The team recorded a dying brain while they were using electroencephalography (EEG) to detect and treat seizures in an 87-year-old man and the patient suffered a heart attack. Pictured is EEG output over a 900 second period encompassing a seizure (S), suppression of left cerebral hemisphere activity (LS), suppression of bilateral cerebral hemisphere activity (BS), and cardiac arrest (CA). Point of death is CA, coinciding with changes in EEG patterns. FP1, F7, T3 and so on refer to different electrodes of the EEG which are attached or contact different regions on the scalp of the patient. Left indicates left brain hemisphere, right indicates right brain hemisphere
Scientists have recorded the brain activity of a 87-year-old male epilepsy patient while he was dying from a heart attack. Pictured are CT scans of the patient, whose identity was not disclosed. A and B show effects of subdural hematoma - a serious condition where blood collects between the skull and the surface of the brain - with a larger mass effect on the left side. C and D show the same scan sequences after decompressive craniotomy - a surgery to treat the condition
THE LIFE RECALL THEORY
Imagine reliving your entire life in the space of seconds.
Like a flash of lightning, you are outside of your body, watching memorable moments you lived through.
This process, known as 'life recall', can be similar to what it's like to have a near-death experience.
What happens inside your brain during these experiences and after death are questions that have puzzled neuroscientists for centuries.
The patient, who is unnamed, was admitted to the Vancouver General Hospital in British Columbia, where neurosurgeon Dr Ajmal Zemmar was working at the time.
The researchers took EEG recordings from his brain before he eventually underwent a fatal cardiac arrest.
EEG is a method of recording electrical activity of the brain that involves electrodes placed along the scalp.
'We measured 900 seconds of brain activity around the time of death and set a specific focus to investigate what happened in the 30 seconds before and after the heart stopped beating,' said Dr Zemmar, now based at the University of Louisville, Kentucky.
'Just before and after the heart stopped working, we saw changes in a specific band of neural oscillations, so-called gamma oscillations, but also in others such as delta, theta, alpha and beta oscillations.'
Brain oscillations (more commonly known as 'brain waves') are patterns of rhythmic brain activity normally present in living human brains.
The different types of oscillations, including gamma, are involved in high-cognitive functions, such as concentrating, dreaming, meditation, memory retrieval, information processing, and conscious perception, just like those associated with memory flashbacks.
'Through generating oscillations involved in memory retrieval, the brain may be playing a last recall of important life events just before we die, similar to the ones reported in near-death experiences,' Zemmar said.
'These findings challenge our understanding of when exactly life ends and generate important subsequent questions, such as those related to the timing of organ donation.'
While this study is the first of its kind to measure live brain activity during the process of dying in humans, similar changes in gamma oscillations have been previously observed in rats kept in controlled environments.
This means it is possible that, during death, the brain organises and executes a biological response that could be conserved across species.
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method of recording electrical activity of the brain that involves electrodes placed along the scalp
(file photo)
These measurements are, however, based on a single case and stem from the brain of a patient who had suffered injury, seizures and swelling.
This complicates the interpretation of the data, although Dr Zemmar said he hopes to investigate more cases in future.
'As a neurosurgeon, I deal with loss at times. It is indescribably difficult to deliver the news of death to distraught family members,' he said.
'Something we may learn from this research is: although our loved ones have their eyes closed and are ready to leave us to rest, their brains may be replaying some of the nicest moments they experienced in their lives.'
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a recording of brain activity which was originally developed for clinical use.
During the test, small sensors are attached to the scalp to pick up the electrical signals produced when brain cells send messages to each other.
In the medical field, EEGs are typically carried out by a highly trained specialist known as a clinical neurophysiologist.
These signals are recorded by a machine and are analysed by a medical professional to determine whether they're unusual.
An EEG can be used to help diagnose and monitor a number of conditions that affect the brain.
It may help identify the cause of certain symptoms, such as seizures or memory problems.
More recently, technology companies have used the technique to create brain-computer interfaces, sometimes referred to as 'mind-reading' devices.
This has led to the creation and design of a number of futuristic sounding gadgets.
These have ranged from a machine that can decipher words from brainwaves without them being spoken to a headband design that would let computer users open apps using the power of thought.
he Biggest 3D Map of the Milky Way is Here and it’s Ridiculously Stunning
he Biggest 3D Map of the Milky Way is Here and it’s Ridiculously Stunning
Our planet isn't flat, and guess what? Neither is our galaxy.
An international team of scientists has created a three-dimensional map of the Milky Way, the largest to date, and the results have been published in the journal Science.
By measuring the distance from our Sun to thousands of pulsating stars scattered throughout our galaxy, researchers have managed to produce a 3D map that reveals the S-shaped structure of the combined star disk of the Milky Way galaxy, our cosmic address.
“This is the first time we can use individual objects to display it in three dimensions,” he added.
Much of the current knowledge of our galaxy’s spiral shape and structure is based on indirect measurements of celestial objects and inferences based on other distant galaxies in the Universe.
But as scientists have revealed, the galactic map produced by these limited observations is incomplete.
Like numerous distant lighthouses, the classical Cepheids (massive stars that burn hundreds, if not thousands, of times brighter than our Sun) pulse regularly and are visible through the vast interstellar dust clouds that often obscure less bright interstellar objects.
And precisely thanks to periodic variations in brightness, distances to these stars can be accurately determined.
Warsaw University researcher Dorota Skowron, along with scientists from the Ohio State University in the United States and the University of Warwick, in the United Kingdom, traced the distance to more than 2,400 cepheids along the Milky Way, most of which were identified by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE), a project that helped double the number of known galactic classical cepheids.
By assigning coordinates to each distant pulsating star in relation to our Sun, the researchers managed to develop a three-dimensional model of the Milky Way of very high precision.
The result is a stunning, never-before-seen map of the Milky Way Galaxy.
The warped shape of the Milky Way Galaxy.
A twisted, warped place
The study results have allowed astronomers to understand our cosmic neighborhood better and accurately illustrate the galaxy’s shape.
And it’s not flat, but it has a strange shape.
As noted by Space.com, “this new map helped reveal more details on distortions that astronomers had “previously detected in the shape of the Milky Way.”
It took scientists six years to produce the map, but as revealed by participating astronomers, “it was worth it.”
We’ve found that the galaxy’s disk is not flat at a distance of over 25,000 light-years from the galactic core. It is warped. This warping was possibly caused by the galaxy’s interactions with surrounding galaxies, intergalactic gas, or even dark matter.
“Warping of the galactic disk has been detected before, but this is the first time we can use individual objects to trace its shape in three dimensions,” explained Mróz in a statement.
The astronomers explained that the amount of ‘warping’ spotted in our galaxy was surprisingly pronounced.
“It is not some statistical fact available only to a scientist’s understanding,” Mróz said. “It is apparent by eye.”
Since time unremembered we have sought to penetrate out beyond what our maps show and trudge out over the horizon to explore and conquer the uncharted lands that lie beyond. It is an innate characteristic of the human spirit to wonder at what lies beyond what we know and to delve into the mysteries these wildernesses hold. For centuries explorers have gone out into the unknown and brought back information that has helped us to better understand our world and even our place within it. On occasion, these explorers have brought back some strange stories indeed. It seems only natural that the intrepid explorers who first step foot into new, unexplored realms that are strangers to civilization should come across things no one has ever seen before, and often this comes in the form of coming across creatures that seemingly should only inhabit the wilds of the imagination. One explorer who brought back myriad tales of strange beasts within his journals is an intrepid explorer of the South American jungles, who went out looking for a lost city and would come back with a whole list of weird creatures never seen before.
One of the most well-known explorers of the Amazon jungle is the famed explorer Percy Fawcett, who is most famous for his ambitious and ill-fated expedition in 1925 to find a lost city he was convinced existed in the forgotten, unexplored depths of the Amazon jungle, a journey during which he would vanish off the face of the earth to become one of the most baffling disappearances in history. I have written of Fawcett and his various expeditions, in particular that of his lost city, in much more depth here at Mysterious Universe before, but one of the more interesting and lesser discussed aspects of his adventures are all of the strange and mysterious creatures he allegedly encountered along the way in that maze of wilderness. Throughout his journeys, Fawcett kept rather detailed journals of his expeditions, and flipping through the normal, more mundane everyday trials and tribulations of the expedition, one can at times find some rather amazing, bizarre accounts involving myriad strange creatures that just seem to jump off the page. Indeed, Fawcett’s journals hold a veritable zoo of strange and bizarre beasts that have never really been identified or explained, and he once cryptically and eerily wrote of the Amazon as being:
A poisoned hell that could never be explored on foot, 60 foot anacondas capable of picking a man out of a canoe, savage ape men, an infested plain of deadly snakes, bats so big they looked like pterodactyls, ferocious black panthers, white Indian tribes, swarms of biting bees, fires in the distance.
Percy Fawcett
Some of the strange creatures that are mentioned in his journals, and which are obviously something not officially known, are frustratingly mentioned only briefly or in passing, as if they are just a part of everyday life for them, another one of the menagerie of poisonous snakes and spiders, vampire bats, giant anacondas, electric eels, ferocious piranhas, jungle cats, and other dangerous animals that all conspired to make the expedition members miserable. One of these was something he called the “sauba ants” which could apparently reduce clothing and bedding to threads in a single night, mentioned in passing but obviously no normal ants that we presently know of. There are also casual mentions made of millipedes that “squirt cyanide” and a type of gigantic spider larger than a dinner plate he calls the Apazauca Spider, which he says has poison that could kill a grown man nearly instantaneously and liked to enter tents at night. Another creature described in only passing detail is what is described as a cat-like canid with a double nose, and he also makes mention of a shark called the manguruyú, which he writes is “a freshwater shark, huge but toothless, said to attack men and swallow them if it gets a chance.” These are all strange in that they give such short shrift to these oddities, maddeningly brief and lacking in detail, which was a bit odd for Fawcett, who normally went to great lengths to take meticulous and detailed notes during his expeditions. Fawcett made another brief mention in his many notes of something very strange, large, and seemingly very much like a dinosaur in the wilds of Bolivia, of which he wrote:
Some mysterious and enormous beast has frequently been disturbed in the swamps – possibly a primeval monster like those reported in other parts of the continent. Certainly tracks have been found belonging to no known animal – huge tracks, far greater than could have been made by any species we know.
What was it? It is hard to say because he never mentions it again, although he at several points talks about hearing from natives of enormous, mysterious tracks along the Acre River, near where the borders of Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil collide. Of the actual creature itself, no more is said of it, an afterthought in his otherwise sprawling details of the expedition. It is frustrating to say the least, and this is only just the beginning of tales of Fawcett’s encounters with mystery beasts in the remote rainforests of South America, but other reports get a bit more meat to them and are also at times quite a bit more spectacular. One of these is his expedition’s supposed encounters with a giant snake far larger than anything known, and also apparently more aggressive. Compared to the brief, matter-of-fact write-ups on the creatures already mentioned, Fawcett in this case goes into great detail about the team’s harrowing encounter with the serpent, writing:
We were drifting easily along in the sluggish current not far below the confluence of the Rio Negro when almost under the bow of the boat there appeared a triangular head and several feet of undulating body. It was a giant anaconda. I sprang for my rifle as the creature began to make its way up the bank, and hardly waiting to aim smashed a .44 soft-nosed bullet into its spine, ten feet below the wicked head. At once there was a flurry of foam, and several heavy thumps against the boat’s keel, shaking us as though we had run on a snag. With great difficulty I persuaded the Indian crew to turn in shore-wards. They were so frightened that the whites showed all round their popping eyes, and in the moment of firing I had heard their terrified voices begging me not to shoot lest the monster destroy the boat and kill everyone on board, for not only do these creatures attack boats when injured, but also there is great danger from their mates.
We stepped ashore and approached the reptile with caution. It was out of action, but shivers ran up and down the body like puffs of wind on a mountain tarn. As far as it was possible to measure, a length of 45 feet lay out of the water, and 17 feet in it, making a total length of 62 feet. Its body was not thick for such a colossal length-not more than 12 inches in diameter -but it had probably been long without food. I tried to cut a piece out of the skin, but the beast was by no means dead and the sudden upheavals rather scared us. A penetrating foetid odour emanated from the snake, probably its breath, which is believed to have a stupefying effect, first attracting and later paralysing its prey. Everything about this snake was repulsive. Such large specimens as this may not be common, but the trails in the swamps reach a width of six feet and support the statements of Indians and rubber pickers that the anaconda sometimes reaches an incredible size, altogether dwarfing the one shot by me. The Brazilian Boundary Commission told me of one killed in the Rio Paraguay exceeding 80 feet in length!
That is certainly a really big snake, far beyond the size of anything known. Again, this is an isolated report in his journal, leaving the reader to decide what ever became of it. Besides giant snakes, Fawcett also wrote quite a lot on his encounters with a tribe of hairy, man-like beasts that he calls the Maricoxi, and which are mostly described as being little more than beastly hairy ape-like savages. By far his most detailed entry on these creatures is also the most sensational, in which Fawcett provides a blow by blow description of his expedition’s frightening encounter with these beasts as follows:
I whistled, and an enormous creature, hairy as a dog, leapt to his feet in the nearest shelter, fitted an arrow to his bow in a flash, and came up dancing from one leg to the other till he was only four yards away. Emitting grunts that sounded like ‘Eugh! Eugh! Eugh!’ he remained there dancing, and suddenly the whole forest around us was alive with these hideous ape-men, all grunting ‘Eugh! Eugh! Eugh!’ and dancing from leg to leg in the same way as they strung arrows to their bows. It looked like a very delicate situation for us, and I wondered if it was the end. I made friendly overtures in Maxubi, but they paid no attention. It was as though human speech were beyond their powers of comprehension.
The creature in front of me ceased his dance, stood for a moment perfectly still, and then drew his bowstring back till it was level with his ear, at the same time raising the barbed point of the six-foot arrow to the height of my chest. I looked straight into the pig-like eyes half hidden under the overhanging brows, and knew that he was not going to loose that arrow yet. As deliberately as he had raised it, he now lowered the bow, and commenced once more the slow dance, and the ‘Eugh! Eugh! Eugh! A second time he raised the arrow at me and drew the bow back, and again I knew he would not shoot. It was just as the Maxubis told me it would be. Again he lowered the bow and continued his dance. Then for the third time he halted and began to bring up the arrow’s point. I knew he meant business this time, and drew out a Mauser pistol I had on my hip. It was a big, clumsy thing, of a caliber unsuitable to forest use, but I had brought it because by clipping the wooden holster to the pistol-butt it became a carbine, and was lighter to carry than a true rifle. It used .38 black powder shells, which made a din out of all proportion to their size. I never raised it; I just pulled the trigger and banged it off into the ground at the ape-man’s feet.
The effect was instantaneous. A look of complete amazement came into the hideous face, and the little eyes opened wide. He dropped his bow and arrow and sprang away as quickly as a cat to vanish behind a tree. Then the arrows began to fly. We shot off a few rounds into the branches, hoping the noise would scare the savages into a more receptive frame of mind, but they seemed in no way disposed to accept us, and before anyone was hurt we gave it up as hopeless and retreated down the trail till the camp was out of sight. We were not followed, but the clamor in the village continued for a long time as we struck off northwards, and we fancied we still heard the ‘Eugh! Eugh! Eugh!’ of the enraged braves.
What were these creatures? Considering they are only ever mentioned in Fawcett’s report in passing and there are no further details we will probably never know. Although it might be tempting to chalk some of these reports up to instances of Fawcett being a little imaginative and sprucing his journal up a bit, the thing is he was not really known for that at all. Fawcett was a respected explorer and naturalist, a consummate professional who kept very good and accurate journals for what he saw or witnessed, with no real hint that he was prone to just sudden flights of fancy or making things up, and these tales are also interspersed between totally normal accounts of mundane things and observations, so why would he do this in the first place? It seems to be unlikely he would have just made these stories up, and he was knowledgeable enough about the region and its wildlife that he likely would not have been making misidentifications that he spun into tall tales. In the end we are left to just wonder what was going on here, and they are all just more cryptic accounts brought back by explorers penetrating out into realms beyond our understanding.
It’s a cliché that everyone has heard when person tells of being in danger or in a near-death experiences: “I saw my life flash before my eyes.” Could this really happen? An 87-year-old man with epilepsy was connected to a brain-scanning monitor tracking seizures when he suffered a heart attack and died … with the monitor recording his brain activity until it stopped. His doctors now had an image of his thoughts before death. What, if anything flashed before his eyes? Will it happen to all of us?
“We measured 900 seconds of brain activity around the time of death and set a specific focus to investigate what happened in the 30 seconds before and after the heart stopped beating. Just before and after the heart stopped working, we saw changes in a specific band of neural oscillations, so-called gamma oscillations, but also in others such as delta, theta, alpha and beta oscillations.”
In a study published in the journal Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, research leader Dr Ajmal Zemmar, a neurosurgeon at the University of Louisville, explains the unnamed man in Estonia was on a continuous electroencephalography (EEG) machine while doctors attempted to captures his brain waves during a seizure and attempt to diagnose and treat his problem. The sudden heart attack leading to death allowed them to inadvertently record the activity of a dying human brain for the first time. Those brain waves answered the question.
“Brain oscillations (more commonly known as ‘brain waves’) are patterns of rhythmic brain activity normally present in living human brains. The different types of oscillations, including gamma, are involved in high-cognitive functions, such as concentrating, dreaming, meditation, memory retrieval, information processing, and conscious perception, just like those associated with memory flashbacks.”
The man showed the same brain waves a person has during memory flashbacks. In addition, the waves showed signs of concentration, memory retrieval and information processing – exactly the activities a rain would perform when tasked with organizing the facts, images and memories of a person’s life. Zemmar sounds confident that’s when the EEG recorded.
“Through generating oscillations involved in memory retrieval, the brain may be playing a last recall of important life events just before we die, similar to the ones reported in near-death experiences.”
This new information affects both the science and ethics of death. This brain activity impacts determining the moment of death for organ donations. It also impacts how family, hospice providers and others present at the deathbed react to what they are seeing – while the loved one may be still, their mind may be racing though many decades of memories, which would dictate a bedside manner that allows it to finish and perhaps even aids in the activity.
Will this happen to all of us eventually?
Before drawing any conclusions, the press release reminds us that this is a single case and the patient had an epileptic brain that was injured. Nonetheless, this type of activity has been observed in a controlled rodent study. Taken together, it “suggests that the brain may pass through a series of stereotyped activity patterns during death.” In other words … we may all see our lives pass before our eyes at the time of death.
NASA is Upping the Power on its Lunar Wattage Challenge!
NASA is Upping the Power on its Lunar Wattage Challenge!
For years, NASA has been gearing up for its long-awaited return to the Moon with theArtemis Program. Beginning in 2025, this program will send the first astronauts (“the first woman and first person of color”) to the Moon since the end of the Apollo Era. Beyond that, NASA plans to establish the necessary infrastructure to allow for a “sustained program of lunar exploration,” such as the Lunar Gateway and the Artemis Base Camp.
Beyond these facilities, several elements are essential to ensuring a long-term human presence on the Moon. These include shelter from the elements, food, air, water, and of course, power. To address this last element, NASA has teamed up with HeroX – the leading crowdsourcing platform – to launch the NASA Watts on the Moon Challenge. This competition is entering Phase II and will award an additional $4.5 million for innovative concepts that supply power to future lunar missions.
Illustration of NASA astronauts on the lunar South Pole. Credit: NASA
For this challenge, NASA is not seeking proposals for power generation but innovative engineering approaches for integrating power transmission and energy storage into lunar missions. Specifically, these solutions will need to support astronauts, hardware, and systems in the conditions prevalent in the South-Pole Aitken Basin. This permanently shadowed, cratered region is located around the Moon’s southern polar region and has large deposits of ice water.
In addition to NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), the China National Space Agency (CNSA), and Roscosmos are all eying this region as a site for future bases. While these craters present numerous advantages (such as the availability of ice water), they also present several hazards. These environments are not subject to the extreme variations that occur around the equator, where temperatures range from -173 to 117 °C (-279 to 243 °F).
On the other hand, polar craters are permanently shadowed, and temperatures are perennially freezing, averaging -269 °C (-452 °F). Current proposals for lunar bases include placing solar arrays around the crater’s rim, but these are still limited by the extended periods of darkness and light around the poles – which last for 706 hours (or 29d 12h 44m 03s) at a time. As such, NASA and other space agencies are looking for options to provide power during extended periods of darkness.
The first phase of the competition ran from September 2020 to May 2021 and focused on theoretical approaches to energy management, distribution, and storage solutions. In the end, seven competitors were awarded a total of $500,000 in prize money for their approaches, which showed considerable promise. As a result, NASA and HeroX have launched Phase 2 to allow the winners to develop and demonstrate their proposals in simulated lunar conditions.
Habitats grouped together on the rim of a lunar crater, known as the Lunar Village. Credit: ESA
This phase of the competition will consist of three levels that will award up to 17 prizes in total. The specified requirements remain the same from Phase I, where teams chose one or more activities (collecting regolith, water production, and oxygen production) and offered solutions for energy distribution, management, and/or storage. For Phase Two, NASA has identified two specific areas that are need of improvement:
Power Transmission:that can deliver power from a remote generation source to critical mission operation loads where (1) power loads are frequently or permanently immersed in extreme cold and (2) there are large variations in average power loads versus peak power loads. NASA has significant interest in both wired and wireless transmission, and the Challenge seeks to incentivize and demonstrate both types of solutions.
Energy Storage:that can (1) power mission operation loads when intermittent power generation is not available and (2) survive and operate in extreme cold environments.
For this phase, NASA is looking for solutions that can be designed, built, and then tested in a simulated lunar environment with conditions mirroring the real thing (freezing cold, near-vacuum, and permanently shadowed). NASA also seeks solutions that can proceed toward flight readiness and future operation on the surface after the challenge is complete. It is also essential that these proposals work with ideas for power generation, which NASA is pursuing through many programs.
This includes the Fission Surface Power (FSP) system, a lightweight ten kilowatt (kW) nuclear reactor that emerged from the Kilopower project – which yielded the Kilopower Reactor Using Stirling Tech (KRUSTY) demonstrator. There’s also the novel “Light Bender” system that would use solar collectors and telescope optics to capture and distribute sunlight in shadowed craters on the Moon.
As always, the challenge is expected to advance similar technologies and have public and commercial applications here on Earth. As such, it is hoped that proposals for this competition could be adapted for power distribution and storage here at home. The competition is open to all residents in the U.S., individuals or teams, that are 18 years of age or older. Organizations must be incorporated in and maintain a primary place of business in the U.S. (some restrictions apply).
For more information, or to enroll in the challenge, visit HeroX.
What is humanity? Do our minds set us apart from the rest of nature and from the rest of Earth? Or does Earth have a collective mind of its own, and we’re simply part of that mind? On the literal face of it, that last question might sound ridiculous.
But a new thought experiment explores it more deeply, and while there’s no firm conclusion about humanity and a planetary mind, just thinking about it invites minds to reconsider their relationship with nature.
Overcoming our challenges requires a better understanding of ourselves and nature, and the same is true for any other civilizations that make it past the Great Filter.
Humanity is pretty proud of itself sometimes. We’ve built a more-or-less global civilization, we’ve wiped out deadly diseases, and we’ve travelled to the Moon. We’re so smart we’re taking steps to protect Earth from the type of calamitous impact that wiped out Earth’s previous tenants, the dinosaurs. But that’s just one perspective.
Another perspective says that we’re still primitive. That billions of us are in the grip of ancient superstitions. That nuclear war haunts us like a spectre. That tribalism still drives us to do horrible animalistic things to one another. That we’re not wise enough to manage our own technological advancement.
Both perspectives are equally valid. All that can really be said is that we’re not as primitive as we used to be, but we’re nowhere near as mature as we need to be if we hope to persist beyond the Great Filter.
The Juno spacecraft took this image of Earth during a gravity assist flyby of our planet in 2013. The fact that we can make a spacecraft take a picture of our home planet is a sign of intelligence. But how intelligent are we really? Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS/Kevin M. Gill.
Can we come up with a way to explain what stage we’re at in our development? The authors of a new article think they can. And they think we can only do that if we take into account Earth’s planetary history, the collective mind, and the state of our technology.
This trio of scientists wrote the new article in the International Journal of Astrobiology. It’s titled “Intelligence as a planetary scale process.” The authors are Adam Frank from the University of Rochester, David Grinspoon from the Planetary Science Institute, and Sara Walker from Arizona State University. The article is a thought experiment based on our scientific understanding of Earth alongside questions about how life has altered and continues to alter the planet.
Humans tend to think of intelligence as a property belonging to individuals. But it’s also a property belonging to collectives. Social insects use their collective intelligence to make decisions. The authors take the idea of intelligence even further: from individual intelligence to collective intelligence, to planetary intelligence. “Here, we broaden the idea of intelligence as a collective property and extend it to the planetary scale,” the authors write. “We consider the ways in which the appearance of technological intelligence may represent a kind of planetary-scale transition, and thus might be seen not as something which happens on a planet but to a planet, much as some models propose the origin of life itself was a planetary phenomenon.”
We’ve divided Earth’s life forms into species. We recognize that evolution drove the development of all these species. But are we missing something in our urge to classify? Is it more correct to view life as planetary rather than as individual species? After all, species didn’t suddenly appear; each one appeared in an ongoing chain of evolution. (Except for the original species, whose origins remain clouded in mystery.) And all species are linked together in the biosphere. It’s often pointed out that Earth is a bacterial world and the rest of us are only here because of bacteria.
It’s worthwhile to recall the work of Vladimir Vernadsky. Vernadsky was an important founder of biogeochemistry. Wikipedia defines biogeochemistry as “… the scientific discipline that involves the study of the chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes and reactions that govern the composition of the natural environment (including the biosphere, the cryosphere, the hydrosphere, the pedosphere, the atmosphere, and the lithosphere).
Vernadsky saw that the biosphere system is strongly linked to the Earth’s non-living systems. It’s difficult to understand the biosphere without looking at how it’s linked with other systems like the atmosphere. The linkage allows the biosphere to shape Earth’s other “spheres.”
Vernadsky wrote: “Activated by radiation, the matter of the biosphere collects and redistributes solar energy and converts it ultimately into free energy capable of doing work on Earth. A new character is imparted to the planet by this powerful cosmic force. The radiations that pour upon the Earth cause the biosphere to take on properties unknown to lifeless planetary surfaces, and thus transform the face of the Earth.”
In their article, the authors point out how organisms changed Earth’s biosphere. When the ability to photosynthesize appeared in lifeforms, individual lifeforms used it to great benefit. But collectively, they oxygenated Earth’s atmosphere in the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE.) The photosynthesizers opened a pathway for their own continuation and for more complex life to develop. It not only changed the course of evolution, but it also changed the very geology and geochemistry of the planet. The authors liken the collective activity of photosynthetic organisms to collective intelligence.
This figure from the article illustrates multi-level networks as a property of planetary-scale operation of intelligence. Each layer of the coupled planetary systems constitutes its own network of chemical and physical interactions. Specific nodes in each layer represent links connecting the layers. Thus, the geosphere contains chemical/physical networks associated with processes such as atmospheric circulation, evaporation, condensation and weathering. These are modified by the biosphere via additional networks of processes such as microbial chemical processing and leaf transpiration. The technosphere adds an additional layer of networked processes such as industrial-scale agriculture, manufacturing byproducts and energy generation. Image Credit: Frank et al. 2022.
“Making sense of how a planet’s intelligence might be defined and understood helps shine a little light on humanity’s future on this planet—or lack thereof,” they write. “If we ever hope to survive as a species, we must use our intelligence for the greater good of the planet,” said Adam Frank.
That won’t come as a shock to Universe Today readers.
The authors point out how collective activity changes the planet. They base their experiment partly on the Gaia hypothesis, which says that the Earth’s non-biological systems—geochemistry, plate tectonics, the atmosphere, the oceans—interact with living systems to maintain the entire planet in a habitable state. Without the “collective intelligence” of the biological world, the Earth wouldn’t be habitable.
The authors use an example from forests to illustrate the point.
Earth’s great forests couldn’t exist without the network of mycorrhizal fungi that live below ground. Tree roots interact with the network and the network moves nutrients around in the forest. The fungi get carbon in return. Without this network, the trees couldn’t survive, and no great forests would emerge.
Mycorrhizal fungi are in a symbiotic relationship with plants. The relationship is usually mutualistic, the fungus providing the plant with water and minerals from the soil and the plants providing the fungus with photosynthesis products. Parasitic organisms are also part of the network. Image Credit: By Charlotte Roy, Salsero35, Nefronus – Adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:R%C3%A9seau_mycorhizien.svg, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=92921450
As schoolchildren, we learn that plants produce the oxygen we need to breathe. Without photosynthetic organisms, we couldn’t survive. So the collective activity of the plant world (and algae, etc.) changes the planet to a place hospitable for humanity and other complex life. But now in our short time on Earth, we’ve developed technology, which is the most powerful expression of our collective planetary intelligence. What does that mean for Earth?
The authors talk about four stages of Earth’s development and how we can understand the idea of collective planetary intelligence as those stages evolve.
“Planets evolve through immature and mature stages, and planetary intelligence is indicative of when you get to a mature planet.”
Adam Frank, co-author, “Intelligence as a planetary scale process.”
The first stage is an immature biosphere. Billions of years ago the Earth was an immature biosphere. The only lifeform was bacteria, which couldn’t exert much force on Earth’s planetary systems. Because of this, there was no important global feedback between life and the planet. There was no collective intelligence.
The second stage was a mature biosphere. This was about 2.5 billion to 540 million years ago. Photosynthesis appeared and then plants. Photosynthesis oxygenated Earth’s atmosphere and an ozone layer developed. Life was making the Earth more stable and hospitable for itself. This is the collective planetary intelligence the authors are talking about.
Earth’s immature biosphere and mature biosphere stages. The mature biosphere stage was only possible once photosynthetic organisms created feedback with Earth’s non-biological processes, oxygenating the atmosphere and creating an ozone layer. Image Credit: University of Rochester illustration / Michael Osadciw
The third stage is where we’re at now, according to the authors. We live in an immature technosphere of our own creation. Our communication, transportation, electrical, and governmental networks are increasingly linked into a technosphere. A quick scan of headlines in consumer tech media shows how we can get a little excited about what we’ve created as a species (Meta, anyone?) But it’s wise not to get too excited. Why?
Because our technosphere is not linked with natural systems. Our immature technosphere largely ignores its impact on the Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and the biosphere in general. We extract fossil fuels and push carbon into the atmosphere in an unregulated way. The danger is that this technological immaturity will force the Earth’s systems into a state that imperils the technosphere itself. The immature technosphere is working against itself and the biosphere that supports it.
The fourth stage represents a workable future. It’s the mature technosphere, and in a mature technosphere, our technological intelligence benefits the Earth. For example, renewable energy sources like solar energy will displace fossil fuels and help the climate regulate itself and maintain its habitability. Technological agriculture will strengthen the Earth’s soil systems rather than degrade them. We’ll use our technology to build cities that co-exist with natural systems rather than dominating them. But there are a lot of unknowns.
Earth’s immature technosphere and mature technosphere stages. The mature technosphere stage will be possible when we use our technology to maintain Earth’s life-supporting systems rather than to degrade them. Image Credit: University of Rochester illustration / Michael Osadciw
“Planets evolve through immature and mature stages, and planetary intelligence is indicative of when you get to a mature planet,” Frank says in a press release. “The million-dollar question is figuring out what planetary intelligence looks like and means for us in practice because we don’t know how to move to a mature technosphere yet.”
In a mature technosphere, systems would interact in mutually beneficial ways, like the trees and the mycorrhizal network in forests. A network of feedback loops both technological and natural would work intelligently to maintain habitability. This would be an entirely new arrangement, and the complexity would allow new capabilities to emerge. The emerging capabilities are one hallmark of a mature technosphere. Another is self-maintenance.
This figure from the article is a schematic representation of the evolution of coupled planetary systems in terms of degrees of planetary intelligence. The authors propose five possible properties required for a world to show cognitive activity operating across planetary scales (i.e. planetary intelligence). These are: (1) emergence, (2) dynamics of networks, (3) networks of semantic information, (4) appearance of complex adaptive systems, (5) autopoiesis. Different degrees of these properties appear as a world evolves from abiotic (geosphere) to biotic (biosphere) to technologic (technosphere). Image Credit: Frank et al. 2022.
“The biosphere figured out how to host life by itself billions of years ago by creating systems for moving around nitrogen and transporting carbon,” Frank says. “Now we have to figure out how to have the same kind of self-maintaining characteristics with the technosphere.”
There are some signs that we’re groping towards a mature technosphere, but they’re mostly crisis-driven. In 1987, we banned the ozone-harming class of chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) after scientists found a hole in the ozone layer. Acid rain is caused by sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and we’ve developed international agreements to limit them after scientists found that acid rain damages soil, trees, fish and other aquatic animals. DDT was used to kill pests and malarial mosquitoes but many countries banned their use when scientists found that it persisted in the environment and led to population declines in birds of prey, among other biosphere-harming effects.
This figure from the article shows timescales for interventions at different proposed levels of planetary intelligence. For so-called ‘mature biospheres’, feedbacks or interventions occur across a range of timescales from decades (DMS ((dimethyl sulphide) ocean temperature regulation) to millions of years for CH4 climate regulation. For ‘immature technospheres’ where the feedbacks or interventions are inadvertent, timescales occur on decades to century timescales. For ‘mature technospheres’ interventions are intentional and designed to maintain the sustainability of both the biosphere and the technosphere as a coupled system. Ozone replenishment and climate mitigation would occur on decades to century timescales while intentional changes in stellar evolution (if possible) would define the longest timescales at tens to hundreds of millions of years. Image Credit: Frank et al. 2022.
So there’s been some progress towards planetary intelligence. But those successes are mostly corrections to previous bad behaviour. Can we be more proactive?
We might be starting to. We’re developing systems to detect, catalogue, and deflect dangerous asteroids that pose a collision hazard with Earth. If we can do that, we can protect the entire biosphere from calamity, along with our own civilization. NASA and the ESA are working on planetary defence, and NASA launched a technology demonstration mission in 2021. If we can use technology to protect the entire planet, that must constitute a step toward a mature technosphere.
Some of these efforts are heartening, but we have a long ways to go, and this thought experiment can help us think more clearly about it. “We don’t have planetary intelligence or a mature technosphere yet,” Frank said. “But the whole purpose of this research is to point out where we should be headed.”
Are the development of planetary intelligence and a mature technosphere hallmarks of civilizations that make it past a “Great Filter?” Maybe. That idea dovetails with Frank’s other work in the search for alien technosignatures on distant exoplanets.
“We’re saying the only technological civilizations we may ever see—the ones we should expect to see—are the ones that didn’t kill themselves, meaning they must have reached the stage of a true planetary intelligence,” he says. “That’s the power of this line of inquiry: it unites what we need to know to survive the climate crisis with what might happen on any planet where life and intelligence evolve.”
For we lifeforms on Earth at this time, Anthropogenic Global Warming is the biggest threat to a sustainable biosphere. While we can debate what it is about our species that drives us to want more stuff, consume more stuff and create more pollution, the debate about AGW itself is over. It’s happening and we’re causing it.
There are some glimmers of planetary intelligence flickering on the horizon. But we’ve got a long way to go yet. Will we become intelligent enough to make it past the climatic Great Filter?
Retired FBI Special Agent Warns of Alien False Flag Attack
Retired FBI Special Agent Warns of Alien False Flag Attack
Revealing interview on Exopolitics Today, John DeSouza discusses cases involving extraterrestrial life and UFOs, the mysterious Men in Black phenomenon, the Moon being an artificial structure, the activation and appearance of huge motherships or 'arks'.
He predicts that UAPs/UFOs are going to behave more aggressively and this is part of a fake alien invasion scenario that may be unleashed on the world.
John DeSouza is a retired FBI Special Agent who served for 25 years on Counter-Terrorism and Paranormal cases. He has a law degree and possessed a Top Secret security clearance during his FBI career.
Special Agent DeSouza collected true life X-Files that were used in the hit show "The X-Files". He has written several best-selling books and discussed his paranormal cases in presentations given around the world.
Well, the answer to the question above is a definitive “Yes!” The U.S. government may not have much understanding of who the Men in Black really are, but the military, and various agencies, have certainly followed the activities of the MIB. As you will see now. Thanks to the phenomenally successful Men in Black movie franchise, there can be very people who have not heard of the sinister MIB. In the movies starring Will Smith and Tommy Lee Jones as agents “J” and “K,” the MIB are employed by a secret government body that is dedicated to wiping out hostile aliens on the Earth. The reality of the Men in Black, however, is very different. Unlike their movie counterparts, the real MIB are described as looking definitely non-human: their skin is extremely pale, they have large, bulging eyes; they are extremely skinny and often very tall. In other words, they don’t even look like regular people. This has given rise to the theory that the MIB may be alien-human hybrids. Possibly, even supernatural entities. Not only that, there is strong evidence that suggests the U.S. Government has secretly investigated the MIB phenomenon, to try and figure out who – or what – the Men in Black are.
(Nick Redfern)
Men in Black: What does the U.S. Government Know?
Thanks to the U.S. Freedom of Information Act legislation, we now have in our possession a number of official, previously secret, U.S. military documents that confirm those secret investigations, that were clearly covered up at the time the government was doing its utmost to solve the mysterious riddle of who these strange characters were. Now, to the next part: John Keel was not only the author of the acclaimed book, The Mothman Prophecies. He was also someone who dug very deeply into the matter of the MIB, who they were, and where they came from. In February 1967, Keel had the opportunity to speak with Colonel George P. Freeman. Colonel Freeman, of the U.S. Air Force, made the following, written statement about the MIB. Keel took careful note of it: “Mysterious men dressed in Air Force uniforms or bearing impressive credentials from government agencies have been silencing UFO witnesses. We have checked a number of these cases, and these men are not connected to the Air Force in any way. We haven’t been able to find out anything about these men. By posing as Air Force officers and government agents, they are committing a Federal offense. We would sure like to catch one – unfortunately the trail is always too cold by the time we hear about these cases, but we are still trying.”
Less than one month later, specifically on March 1, 1967, Lieutenant General Hewitt T. Wheless, USAF, penned the following memo. It was widely circulated within the military: “Information, not verifiable, has reached HQ USAF that persons claiming to represent the Air Force or other Defense establishments have contacted citizens who have sighted unidentified flying objects. In one reported case, an individual in civilian clothes, who represented himself as a member of NORAD, demanded and received photos belonging to a private citizen.” The document continues: “In another, a person in an Air Force uniform approached local police and other citizens who had sighted a UFO, assembled them in a school room and told them that they did not see what they thought they saw and that they should not talk to anyone about the sighting. All military and civilian personnel and particularly information officers and UFO investigating officers who hear of such reports should immediately notify their local OSI offices.” Clearly, not only does the above-documentation demonstrate that the Men in Black were nothing to do with the government; it also shows that the government had no more understanding of who the MIB were than did the average UFO researcher. Moving on to the FBI…
(Nick Redfern)
Bender, Barker and the G-Men
In 1956, paranormal/UFO investigator Gray Barker wrote and published a book titled They Knew Too Much About Flying Saucers. A significant percentage of the book was focused on the MIB-themed experiences of Albert Bender, who, in the early 1950s, established the International Flying Saucer Bureau (in Bridgeport, Connecticut). It wasn’t long before the IFSB was no more. Bender supposedly closed it down after receiving repeated, menacing visits from the Men in Black. Bender’s MIB were far less like 1950s-era G-Men or agents of the CIA. They were far more like something from the pages of a Bram Stoker novel, mixed in with a greater than liberal sprinkling of H.P Lovecraft. As a result of the publication of Barker’s book, a number of people contacted the FBI, demanding to know who the dark-suited silencers really were – and particularly because certain ufologists, such as Barker, were claiming the MIB were from “the government.”
The FBI has declassified some of its documents on Bender and Barker. They demonstrate something notable. Namely, that just like the U.S. military, the FBI too had no real understanding of who the MIB were; but, they knew the MIB existed and were terrorizing people. On January 22, 1959, none other than J. Edgar Hoover instructed the Chicago office of the FBI: “The Bureau desires to obtain a copy of the book written by Gray Barker entitled ‘They Knew Too Much About Flying Saucers.'” Records demonstrate that behind closed doors and after reading Barker’s book, the FBI was as baffled in the Fifties as the Air Force was, almost a decade later.
In October 2017, a post appeared on the 4chan message board from an anonymous account calling itself “Q Clearance Patriot.” This poster, who became known as “Q,” claimed to be a high-ranking government insider with access to classified information from President Trump’s administration, about an alleged global cabal against Trump. Since then, despite many postings, much speculation on both political sides and numerous investigations, the identity of Q has never been proven with certainty. That may have changed with the announcement that two independent groups of linguistic detectives using machine learning software to track speech patterns in Q’s myriad of social media messages have put a name to the letter … in fact, two names. There is much information about QAnon online – you can start here if you need some. The purpose of this article is examine the techniques each group used to make their determinations.
“The two analyses — one by Claude-Alain Roten and Lionel Pousaz of OrphAnalytics, a Swiss start-up; the other by the French computational linguists Florian Cafiero and Jean-Baptiste Camps — built on long-established forms of forensic linguistics that can detect telltale variations, revealing the same hand in two texts.”
The New York Times was the first to reveal the results of these independent analyses which both used stylometry — the statistical analysis of variations in literary style between one writer or genre and another – albeit in different ways. The groups began with text samples, including more than 100,000 words by Q and at least 12,000 words by each of the 13 other writers that they identified as likely suspects in the quest to out Q. The Swiss researchers used AI which searched for three-character patterns across multiple texts and compared vocabulary and syntax. The French group used AI that learned to recognize patterns in writing the same way facial-recognition software learns patterns in human features. Both techniques had their doubters.
“Gerald McMenamin of the University of Nevada, Reno, a renowned forensic linguist critical of the machine-learning techniques, said he doubted that software could pick out the telltale individual variations from the quirks of the distinctive voice assumed in the Q messages — full of short sentences, cryptic statements, military jargon and Socratic questions.”
Both groups focused primarily on Q’s tweets so the comparisons between writers were apples-to-apples. At some point, the Swiss and French groups heard about each other and decided to share resources. The Swiss team identified six writers as possible Q’s, while the French examined those and seven more people from inside the Trump administration. In the end, both AIs pointed to the same person — make that persons.
“At first most of the text is by Furber. But the signature of Ron Watkins increased during the first few months as Paul Furber decreased and then dropped completely.”
Florian Cafiero says the conclusions were the same – the first Q was Paul Furber, a South African software developer and tech journalist whose name appeared on message boards as an early follower but who the AI determined was actually the first writer of the messages. Eventually, minute aspects of the messages prompted the AI to show that Furber had left and Ron Watkins, who operated a website where the Q messages began appearing in 2018 and is now running for Congress in Arizona, became the new Q. While not perfect, the Swiss team said its software linked the writings of these two men to that of Q 93 percent of the time, while the French team said its software linked Watkins’s writing in 99 percent of tests and Furber’s in 98 percent. The New York Times says it contacted two prominent experts in linguistic detective work who both called the conclusions “credible and persuasive.”
“(Q’s messages) took over our lives, literally. We all started talking like him.”
When contacted by The New York Times, Furber denied being Q, implying the real Q’s influence made his own writings sound like him. Watkins, known to QAnon fans as CodeMonkeyZ, simply said, “I am not Q.”
The Times calls this “the first empirical evidence of who invented” QAnon. Forensic analyses, linguistic detective work, artificial intelligence and machine learning are all accepted science whose results regularly hold up in the court of law. Will they hold up in the court of public opinion?
A topic previously pushed into science fiction is suddenly being taken very seriously based on an extraordinary video, taken, and authenticated by the US Military.
Scientists Reveal Device that Can Project Holograms Into Your Brain to Create New Experiences
Scientists Reveal Device that Can Project Holograms Into Your Brain to Create New Experiences
SCIENCE
R2-D2 being able to transmit a hologram of Princess Leia was the coolest thing ever back in the late 70s when “Star Wars: A New Hope” was first on the big screen. More recently, we have seen holograms in our cards or money.
In 2019, there are card game enthusiasts who are designing holographic images of the monsters in games such as Yu-Gi-Oh for use in tournaments. When we imagine our future, we might see holographic projections of cell phone apps in front of our faces as we walk down the street.
What if those same holographic images were able to create sensations such as touch, memory, or hearing things that weren’t actually real? What if certain sensations could be omitted, such as painful ones? Scientists recently revealed a device that can project holograms into your brain to create new experiences.
Neuron, Cell of the nervous system allowing information to be carried in the form of electrical and... [+]
How is a hologram created?
A hologram, according to Merriam-Webster, is “a three-dimensional image reproduced from a pattern of interference produced by a split coherent beam of radiation. A laser is a great example.” The scientific term for the process of making a hologram is holography.
Light travels in waves. A hologram records the light waves as they bounce off an object. When a light wave bounces off an object, its changed form is called an interference wave. Think of when you toss a pebble into a pond over your reflection; you see an image of yourself in the water but that image appears slightly distorted. In a light wave, due to the discovery of lasers, that distortion is minimal and can be projected onto an outside source.
Lasers help create 3D holographs due to how the light operates from a laser. Light from a laser has a constant flow of light that moves in consistent phases. Therefore, the entire area is getting consistent light waves, which then bounce off more equal to the original light source. Holography acts like photography. Original photograph images can be captured by allowing the light bouncing off an object to be reflected off a mercury-coated surface and then it is captured onto a different surface.
Real-world uses for holograms
Holograms have several uses, and their potential for changing how we interact in the world is impressive.
Use of holograms in the entertainment and marketing industry:
Various big-name brands are using holograms to invoke excitement for their products and to gain information about the users.
In Los Angeles, CA, September of 2017, an augmented reality company, VNTANA, partnered with an intelligent engagement company, Satisfi Labs, and created the first AI concierge. This concierge was designed to be interactive in its responses to the public. People could communicate with the hologram and ask questions related to the particular event it was hosting.
The Death Star hologram was made available to those who purchased a deluxe edition of the Star Wars soundtrack for the Star Wars’ 40th anniversary.
Coachella put on a holographic concert in 2017 of Tupac Shakur. The same company who put on that concert has also opened an all-holographic theatre in Hollywood.
In Chicago, Pepsi and Aquafina put on a hologram of a baseball player which allowed visitors to play baseball with it.
The benefits of these holograms for the industries:
Well, other than the coolness factor, here are some others:
The companies can request visitors’ names and email addresses either to gain access or to obtain a digital copy of the event after the fact.
With more involvement, the companies have better feedback on the crowd’s reaction.
Listening in on social sharing. In most instances, the public took pictures or video of themselves with the hologram and shared it on social media. Not only is that continued free advertising, but it also creates more comments and reactions.
It leaves an impression of the brand or company not easily forgotten.
Encourages longer engagement from the public at events.
On a more personal level, one company, 8i Studios in Culver City, Ca., is working on creating holographic images of people that can be recorded and then viewed through a VR headset or 8i’s app, Holo. The purpose of this is to create authentic, recorded memories; for example, recorded images of your parents while you were a child, or a favorite pet, or your newborn baby. Just imagine, re-experiencing people you have lost or who have grown up, all over again in the now. It would be like a photo album but with the sensation of the people truly being in the room.
How are holograms used in medicine?
The science of medicine began due to inquisitive individuals who wanted to know how our bodies worked and how we could heal people. In order to learn more about our bodies, scientists used cadavers. Now, medical students can peer at the holographic image of the human body. This also allows for a more intensive, in-depth study of how the neurological, vascular, and musculoskeletal systems are laid out and react with each other.
Other medical holographs are of the cell structure, organs, and our DNA. This then encourages further advancement in the biomedical field.
Holograms find their primary uses by scientists, biomedical professionals, and researchers. Through holographic imaging, these professionals can see what is going on in your body without having to undertake any risky procedure. It also allows for research and further understanding of the complexities of how our brain and neurological systems operate and react under various circumstances. They can trigger events without causing harm and see how it all reacts.
All of this increases the opportunity to make a more accurate diagnosis and treatment for patients in a far less obtrusive and risky manner.
The benefits of creating new experiences through holograms into the brain
Could you ever imagine that holographic images could project into our brains and target specific neurons in order to recreate a sensation? It could also potentially project a false memory for the betterment of an individual’s life.
Researchers at the University of Berkley are working on designing a way to create a hologram within the brain. They have found that this would allow them to read the activity of the neurons in the brain and then influence them.
The scientists had to match the speed of the pulsing neurons in our brain and then recreate the pattern with lasers. The goal was to mimic the brain’s activity in order to fool it into believing it was part of its own pattern. They then created a holographic image of a brain with a focus on the individual neurons to isolate the particular ones they wished to influence. The scientists then projected that image onto a thin slice of a brain.
They first did this to affect the touch, motor, and vision neurons of mice. While the mice did not demonstrate any change through behavior, a reading of the neurons did demonstrate that the stimuli were received by the brain. The next step in the process is to train the mice to alter their behavior depending upon the stimuli.
The hope of this experiment is to aid with many diseases or disorders.
The first they feel it would be most effective with is those who have lost a limb. It would help by allowing the body to respond the same with a prosthetic as one would with a limb. As technology and their knowledge advances, they hope to see areas where the brain misfires; examples include a seizure or schizophrenia. Then they may find a way to alter the brain’s neurons to fire correctly. They even believe it could offer a return of sight to those who lost their vision.
“But as basic neuroscientists, we are also primarily interested in using this system to ‘crack’ the neural codes of sensory perception.”
We want to understand how our brain builds perceptions of our external world all through the language of neurons …. We believe this new technology can address this fundamental question in neuroscience because we can attempt to generate artificial perceptions by writing specific patterns of activity into the brain and see what’ works.'”
Closing Thoughts
Can you believe it? Scientists have created a device that can project a hologram to create experiences in our brain! They have also found a way to isolate individual, tiny neurons. Amazing!
The capability of being able to communicate directly to the brain has many possibilities. Not only does this make feasible the ability to read what is happening in the brain, but it can also “write” changes onto your brain. The implied possibilities are awe-inspiring to even think about. They add more hope for those who would benefit.
ALL RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
Holograms just got a lot more exciting with the news that a team of researchers in Japan has developed a 3D hologram projector that responds to a person’s touch, allowing it to completely change shape.
Dubbed ‘Fairy Lights’, and developed by researchers from five Japanese universities, the project was started as a means of improving existing 3D hologram technology and ones that react to touch in mid-air.
According to Hacked, the technology behind touchable holograms has been in existence for a number of years now, but has been nowhere near capable of being introduced to the commercial market because the laser beams, which generate the hologram, actually burn human skin on contact with it.
To fix this, the Japanese researchers decided to develop a system whereby their device will fire laser pulses that are fired at high frequencies, ionising the air molecules that exist in one particular spot.
The lasers in question are known as femtosecond lasers, which create pulses of light that last a few tens of femtoseconds, which to you and me means one millionth of one billionth of just one second.
This leads to the formation of the pixels, which respond to touch when the pulses are interrupted.
Scientists Reveal Device that Can Project Holograms Into Your Brain to Create New Experiences
From the video they have published to show their results, the minute scale of the holograms shows great promise for bringing the technology on a larger scale in the near future during a time when augmented reality (AR) is seen as being a realistic alternative to interactive hologram technology.
Researchers have developed a hologram that allows you to reach out and “feel” it — not unlike the holodecks of “Star Trek.”
University of Glasgow scientists have created hologram system that uses jets of air known as “aerohaptics” to replicate the sensation of touch, according to Ravinder Daahiya, a researcher who worked on the project. He said that the air jets can allow you to feel “people’s fingers, hands and wrists.” The team published a paper of their findings in Advanced Intelligent Systems.
“In time, this could be developed to allow you to meet a virtual avatar of a colleague on the other side of the world and really feel their handshake,” he said in his piece for The Conversation. “It could even be the first steps towards building something like a holodeck.”
No Gloves, No Problems
Similar to previous touch sensory holograms, the aerohaptic system doesn’t require a handheld controller or smart gloves in order to produce the sense of touch. Instead, a nozzle, which is able to respond to the movements of your hand, blows air with an appropriate amount of force onto you.
Daahiya and his team tested this with an interactive projection of a basketball, which he said “can be convincingly touched, rolled and bounced.”
“The touch feedback from air jets from the system is also modulated based on the virtual surface of the basketball, allowing users to feel the rounded shape of the ball as it rolls from their fingertips when they bounce it and the slap in their palm when it returns,” he said.
Welcome to the Holodeck
While it would be pretty cool to see this system fleshed out until we get an honest-to-God holodeck to live out our Sherlock Holmes fantasies, the system will be pretty limited for now.
However, Daahiya has hopes that it could eventually be used to create some pretty amazing video game experiences — as well as help doctors better treat patients no matter where they are on Earth.
Op exoplaneet WASP-121b regent het mogelijk vloeibare edelstenen
Het zou wel eens vloeibare edelstenen kunnen regenen op WASP-121b, zo besluiten wetenschappers in een nieuwe studie die gepubliceerd werd in het vaktijdschrift Nature Astronomy. In plaats van regenwolken worden er wolken met metalen gevormd. Samen zouden ze de metaalverbinding korund kunnen vormen, een verbinding die we ook wel kennen in de vorm van saffieren en robijnen.
WASP-121b is een exoplaneet die in 2015 ontdekt werd. De exoplaneet bevindt zich zo’n 880 lichtjaren van de aarde en vertoont heel wat fysieke overeenkomsten met Jupiter, de grootste planeet van onze Melkweg. Het is een gasreus, net zoals Jupiter en Saturnus, met een nog grotere massa.
Sinds de ontdekking van de exoplaneet hebben astronomen uitvoerig bestudeerd. Zo blijkt nu uit de nieuwe studie dat de weersomstandigheden op de exoplaneet bijzonder eigenaardig zijn. Terwijl metalen en mineralen verdampen aan de warmste zijde van de planeet, regent het vloeibare edelstenen aan de koele zijde.
Koel of gloeiend heet
Dat zit zo: het kost de exoplaneet 30 uur om één baan rond haar ster te draaien. En het kost haar evenveel tijd om rond haar eigen as te draaien. Het resultaat? Aan de ene kant van de planeet is het altijd gloeiend heet, aan de andere zijde blijft het koel. Daardoor ziet de watercyclus op WASP-121b er bijvoorbeeld helemaal anders uit dan op aarde.
Aan de warme kant van de planeet bereikt de bovenste atmosfeer een temperatuur bijna 3.000 graden. Bij zulke temperaturen vallen de moleculen van water uiteen in hun atomaire componenten. Aan de andere (koude) zijde van de planeet is het dan weer 1.500 graden koeler.
Het extreme temperatuurverschil tussen de twee zijdes zorgt er op zijn beurt voor dat er sterke winden van west naar oost ontstaan. Door de lagere temperaturen aan de koelste zijde komen de waterstof- en zuurstofatomen weer samen, maar het wordt evenwel nooit koud genoeg om regenwolken te doen ontstaan. Toch ontstaan er wel degelijk wolken: deze bestaan voornamelijk uit metalen waaronder ijzer, magnesium en chroom.
Vloeibare edelstenen
Opvallend, aluminium en titanium behoorden niet tot de gassen die werden waargenomen in de atmosfeer. Vermoedelijk omdat deze metalen reeds condenseerden aan de koele zijde van de planeet. Daar zouden ze mogelijk de metaalverbinding korund vormen, een chemische verbinding die we kennen in de vorm van saffieren en robijnen. Na condensatie zouden de (vloeibare) edelstenen naar beneden regenen.
“Het is opwindend om planeten als WASP-121b te bestuderen”, zegt co-auteur Joanna Barstow (Verenigd Koninkrijk). “Ze gedragen zich immers helemaal anders door de extreme omstandigheden.”
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Group of UFOs Seen Falling From The Sky In Alaska, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Group of UFOs Seen Falling From The Sky In Alaska, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: April 14, 2021 but reported this week.
Location of sighting: Alaska, USA
Alaska is the least populated state in the United States, so it makes sense that aliens would find it much easier to hide from the public in such a large densely populated location.
Oh, and this was recorded by a computer cam which watches for anything that is flying in the sky. Its the software the person is developing to catch it. I saw a few other videos of him meeting with many other developers on the project and I guess its still in development, but really awesome. So because a human didn't catch this...there is no chance or bias tied to this sighting. It's pure cam footage.
The eyewitness believes it to be an old weather balloon falling...and it is similar, but it's an incorrect assumption. If you watch the video carefully, you will notice that at the 31 second mark...another UFO comes from the right of the screen and heads towards the two larger ones. Also at the 33 second mark...as the two larger ones are falling...a fourth one is hovering below them waiting...for them to join together. Those two additional objects do not have the behavior of a broken balloon, but of a craft intelligently controlled and deliberately maneuvered. This video is undeniable proof that aliens fly in groups.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
Probably an exploded balloon came down in Alaska. Inquiries about a missing balloon over Alaska were running short.
UFO Being Pulled By Semi Truck Being And Escorted In California, 7-15-21, Two Videos, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Being Pulled By Semi Truck Being And Escorted In California, 7-15-21, Two Videos, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: 7-15-2021
Location of sighting: Southern California, USA
Watch this semi truck and trailer being led by a police car in Southern California this week. You will soon notice that the trailer has no bottom, but instead has slings holding a huge disk object the size of two cars. Its being taken down the extraterrestrial highway, also known for its UFO sightings. Coincidence? No its not. You see, Area 51 is not far away and either is Nellis AFB, both of which have alien technology. They take the craft there, then back engineer them to learn how they work so they could make more. Undeniable Proof that the US military got their hands on a new UFO this week.
This UFO was caught shooting out of the volcano so fast that it was only caught on the video in a few frames. I mean thats really fast, so fast the human eye normally wouldn't even notice it. Lucky for us, I had my recorder on and caught it when I was walking to the kitchen to get some orange juice. When I came back, I noticed a single frame of video had a thick disk...and it looked metallic. I thought nah...must be a bird, but then two eagles go flying past. They looked nothing like the UFO! Also the eagles were focused, black and the wings stood out well defined. However the UFO is slightly blurry, grey metallic and oval shaped. Many UFO reports have photos and eyewitness testomony of blur disks. The propulsion system creates the blur, it's not on purpose to prevent clear photos. It's by accident.
I just wanted to share what I found. Not my best discovery by far, but nevertheless it is proof that UFOs and Volcanos are tied together in ways that would blow your mind. You see, alien species...and there are many...created bases tens of thousands of years ago under these volcanos because humanity would never find them. The bases sit 4-6km below the base of the volcano.
How? The ship just lowers down...a shield goes around the ship, created by the alien base 6km below the volcano. The shield protects the ship and it also opens a tunnel it will safely travel through. I got this info from the 1960s Rocca Pia Italy Friendship Case that lated decades.
Jellyfish UFO Over Georgia On Feb 22, 2022, VIDEO, UFO Sighting News.
Jellyfish UFO Over Georgia On Feb 22, 2022, VIDEO, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Feb 22, 2022
Location of sighting: Georgia, USA
This eyewitness silently records this glowing object in the sky over Georgia. The object was huge, the size of a bus and had long tentacles going out its back area. The object hovers over his neighborhood...facing him. Yes, the object saw him and was equally curious about him. Notice the UFOs round front facing him, the tentacles of the UFO facing away?
I wonder, is the UFO communicating to him subtly through telepathy? Often it could be misunderstood as his own imagination talking to him...but more powerful. Very fascinating and 100% proof that humans are looking at UFOs and UFOs are looking back.
Scientists Designs A Laser Propulsion System That Can Take You To Mars In Just 45 Days
Scientists Designs A Laser Propulsion System That Can Take You To Mars In Just 45 Days
Scientists at McGill University (Montreal, Canada) present in a recent study the design of a “laser-thermal propulsion” system that would allow humans to reach Mars in just 45 days.
NASA, which plans to send a manned mission to the red planet in the mid-2030s, expects such a trip to take about 500 days .
However, McGill engineers believe it’s possible to cut the journey down to just over six weeks thanks to directed-energy propulsion , which uses large lasers fired from Earth to deliver power to a hydrogen heating chamber on the spacecraft. and, in this way, promote it.
The spacecraft speeds up rapidly while close to our planet, and in the following month it makes the long way to Mars. For landing, the main vehicle is released and the rest of the ship is returned to Earth so that it can be recycled for the next launch.
The idea of directed-energy propulsion had previously been proposed by other scientists in a project that involves using lasers to send small sail probes to the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri.
The system uses laser beams to propel a spacecraft into deep space at relativistic speeds, a fraction of the speed of light. The more powerful the laser, the faster the spacecraft can be accelerated.
“We were interested in how the same laser technology could be used for rapid transit in the solar system,” said Emmanuel Duplay, lead author of the recent study.
The conceptual spacecraft created by the team would require a 100-megawatt, 10-meter-diameter array of lasers .
“Our approach would use a much more intense laser flux on the spacecraft to directly heat the propellant, similar to a giant steam boiler,” Duplay said.
The engineer also points out that it would be necessary “to develop high-temperature materials that allow the spacecraft to break against the Martian atmosphere upon arrival.”
Diaper technology
The problem is that these technologies are still in their early stages and have only been developed at a theoretical level, so they may not be ready for the next decade.
“The laser heating chamber is probably the biggest challenge,” Duplay concludes.
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Lasers Could Send Missions to Mars in Just 45 Days
Lasers Could Send Missions to Mars in Just 45 Days
ByMATT WILLIAMS, UNIVERSE TODAY
A swarm of laser-sail spacecraft leaving the Solar System.
Credit: Adrian Mann
NASA and China plan to mount crewed missions to Mars in the next decade. While this represents a tremendous leap in terms of space exploration, it also presents significant logistical and technological challenges. For starters, missions can only launch for Mars every 26 months when our two planets are at the closest points in their orbit to each other (during an “Opposition“). Using current technology, it would take six to nine months to transit from Earth to Mars.
Even with nuclear-thermal or nuclear-electric propulsion (NTP/NEP), a one-way transit could take 100 days to reach Mars. However, a team of researchers from Montreal’s McGill University assessed the potential of a laser-thermal propulsion system. According to their study, a spacecraft that relies on a novel propulsion system – where lasers are used to heat hydrogen fuel – could reduce transit times to Mars to just 45 days!
The research was led by Emmanuel Duplay, a McGill graduate and current MSc Aerospace Engineering student at TU Delft. He was joined by Associate Professor Andrew Higgins and multiple researchers with the Department of Mechanical Engineering at McGill University. Their study, titled “Design of a rapid transit to Mars mission using laser-thermal propulsion,” was recently submitted to the journal Astronomy & Astronomy.
Artist’s impression of a directed-energy propulsion laser sail in action.
Credit: Q. Zhang/deepspace.ucsb.edu
In recent years, directed-energy (DE) propulsion has been the subject of considerable research and interest. Examples include the Starlight program – also known as the Directed Energy Propulsion for Interstellar Exploration (DEEP-IN) and Directed Energy Interstellar Studies (DEIS) programs – developed by Prof. Phillip Lubin and the UCSB Experimental Cosmology Group (ECG). As part of NASA-funded research that began in 2009, these programs aim to adapt large-scale DE applications for interstellar missions.
There’s also Breakthrough Starshot and Project Dragonfly, both of which emerged from a design study hosted by the Initiative for Interstellar Studies (i4iS) in 2013. These concepts call for a gigawatt-power laser array to accelerate a lightsail and a small spacecraft to a fraction of the speed of light (aka. relativistic speeds) to reach nearby star systems in decades, rather than centuries or millennia.
But whereas these concepts are interstellar in focus, Duplay and his colleagues explored the possibility of an interplanetary concept. As Duplay explained to Universe Today via email:
“The ultimate application of directed-energy propulsion would be to propel a lightsail to the stars for true interstellar travel, a possibility that motivated our team that did this study. We were interested in how the same laser technology could be used for rapid transit in the solar system, which will hopefully be a nearer-term steppingstone that can demonstrate the technology.”
Project Starshot, an initiative sponsored by the Breakthrough Foundation, is intended to be humanity’s first interstellar voyage.
Credit: breakthroughinitiatives.org
Aside from laser sail propulsion, DE is being explored for several other space exploration applications. This includes power beaming to and from spacecraft and permanently-shadowed habitats (e.g., the Artemis Program), communications, asteroid defense, and the search for possible technosignatures. There’s also a concept for a laser-electric spacecraft being investigated by NASA and as part of a collaborative study between the UCSB ECG and MIT.
For this application, lasers are used to deliver power to photovoltaic arrays on a spacecraft, which is converted to electricity to power a Hall-Effect Thruster (ion engine). This idea is similar to a nuclear-electric propulsion (NEP) system, where a laser array takes the place of a nuclear reactor. As Duplay explained, their concept is related but different:
“Our approach is complimentary to these concepts, in that it uses the same phased-array laser concept, but would use a much more intense laser flux on the spacecraft to directly heat propellant, similar to a giant steam kettle. This permits the spacecraft to accelerate rapidly while it is still near earth, so the laser does not need to focus as far into space.
“Our spacecraft is like a dragster that accelerates very quickly while still near earth. We believe we can even use the same laser-powered rocket engine to bring the booster back into earth orbit, after it has thrown the main vehicle to Mars, enabling it to be quickly recycled for the next launch.”
An artist’s concept for a nuclear rocket that would facilitate missions to Mars.
Credit: Rolls-Royce
In this respect, the concept proposed by Duplay and his colleagues is akin to a nuclear-thermal propulsion (NTP) system, where the laser has taken the place of a nuclear reactor. In addition to DE and hydrogen propellant, the mission architecture for a laser-thermal spacecraft includes several technologies from other architectures. As Duplay indicated, they include:
“[A]rrays of fiber-optic lasers that act as a single optical element, inflatable space structures that can be used to focus the laser beam when it arrives at the spacecraft into the heating chamber, and the development of high-temperature materials that allow the spacecraft to break against the Martian atmosphere upon arrival.”
This last element is essential given that there’s no laser array at Mars to decelerate the spacecraft once it reaches Mars. “The inflatable reflector is a key from other directed-energy architectures: designed to be highly reflective, it can sustain a greater laser power per unit area than a photovoltaic panel, making this mission feasible with a modest laser array size compared to laser-electric propulsion,” added Duplay.
By combining these elements, a laser-thermal rocket could enable very fast transits to Mars that would be as short as six weeks – something that was considered possible only with nuclear-powered rocket engines before. The most immediate benefit is that it presents a solution to the hazards of deep-space transits, like prolonged exposure to radiation and microgravity.
Artist’s impression of the Mars Base Camp in orbit around Mars. When missions to Mars begin, one of the greatest risks will be that posed by space radiation.
Credit: Lockheed Martin
At the same time, says Duplay, the mission presents some hurdles since many of the technologies involved are bleeding-edge and have not been tested just yet:
“The laser heating chamber is likely the most significant challenge: Can we contain hydrogen gas, our propellant, as it is being heated by the laser beam to temperatures greater than 10,000 K while at the same time keeping walls of the chamber cool? Our models say this is feasible, but experimental testing at full scale is not possible at present because we have not yet built the 100 MW lasers needed.”
While much of the technology in this proposed mission architecture – and other similar proposals – is still in the theory and development phase, there is no doubt about their potential. Reducing the time it takes to get to Mars to a matter of weeks instead of months will address two of the biggest challenges for Mars missions – logistical and health considerations.
Furthermore, establishing a rapid-transit system between Earth and Mars will speed the creation of infrastructure between Earth and Mars. This could include a Gateway-like space station in orbit of Mars, like the Mars Base Camp proposed by Lockheed Martin, as well as a laser array to decelerate incoming spacecraft. The presence of these facilities would also accelerate plans to create a permanent human presence on the surface. As Professor Higgins concluded:
“The Mars-in-45-days design study that Emmanuel led was motivated by exploring other, near-term applications of the phased array laser technology that Philip Lubin’s group is developing. The ability to deliver energy deep into space via laser would be a disruptive technology for propulsion and power. Our study examined the laser thermal approach, which looks encouraging, but the laser technology itself is the real game changer.”
THESE MATHEMATICIANS THINK THE UNIVERSE MAY BE CONSCIOUS
THESE MATHEMATICIANS THINK THE UNIVERSE MAY BE CONSCIOUS
"THIS COULD BE THE BEGINNING OF A SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION."
IMAGES VIA PIXABAY/VICTOR TANGERMANN
Theory of Everything
Scientists are doubling down on a peculiar model that attempts to quantify and measure consciousness.
The model, known as Integrated Information Theory (IIT), has long been controversial because it comes with an unusual quirk. When applied to non-living things like machines, subatomic particles, and even the universe, it claims that they too experience consciousness, New Scientist reports.
“This could be the beginning of a scientific revolution,” Munich Centre for Mathematical Philosophy mathematician Johannes Kleiner told the magazine.
Complex Math
IIT relies on a value called phi that represents the interconnectivity of a node, whether it’s a region of the brain, circuitry, or an atom. That value represents the node’s level of consciousness. The cerebral cortex, for instance, has a high value because it contains a dense cluster of widely-interconnected neurons.
But when IIT was first presented, calculating phi was impossibly convoluted. New Scientist reports that calculating the phi of a human brain would have previously taken longer than the universe has existed, but a February paper by IIT’s creators, currently awaiting peer review, attempts to simplify the process significantly.
Show Your Work
Many academics remain unconvinced by IIT, in part because of its complexity but mainly because of its far-reaching implications for a conscious universe.
“I think mathematics can help us understand the neural basis of consciousness in the brain, and perhaps even machine consciousness, but it will inevitably leave something out: the felt inner quality of experience,” University of Connecticut philosopher and cognitive scientist Susan Schneider told New Scientist.
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A 107-YEAR-OLD EINSTEIN THEORY ON THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE MAY BE RIGHT
A 107-YEAR-OLD EINSTEIN THEORY ON THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE MAY BE RIGHT
We could be on the verge of a big discovery.
IN FEBRUARY 2016,Gravitational Waves (GWs) were detected for the first time in history. This discovery confirmed a prediction made by Albert Einstein over a century ago and triggered a revolution in astronomy.
Since then, dozens of GW events have been detected from various sources, ranging from black hole mergers, neutron star mergers, or a combination thereof. As the instruments used for GW astronomy become more sophisticated, the ability to detect more events (and learn more from them) will only increase.
For instance, an international team of astronomers recently detected a series of low-frequency gravitational waves using the International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA).
These waves, they determined, could be the early signs of a background gravitational wave signal (BGWS) caused by pairs of supermassive black holes. The existence of this background is something that astrophysicists have theorized since GWs were first detected, making this a potentially ground-breaking discovery!
As Einstein predicted with his theory of general relativity, gravitational waves are generated when two or more massive objects merge (black holes, neutron stars, etc.), causing ripples that are detectable many light-years away.
In some cases, these ripples may result from galactic mergers, including the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at their cores or from events occurring soon after the Big Bang. Ever since the first GW event was detected, scientific consortiums worldwide have been looking for signs of this gravitational wave background (GWB).
These stellar remnants are neutron stars that spin hundreds of times per second and have tremendously powerful magnetic fields — which focus their electromagnetic emissions along the poles.
This energy is emitted as pulsing beams of radio waves (hence their name) that sweep across space to create a strobing (or “lighthouse”) effect.
For years, astronomers have used this effect for time-keeping, since their pulses are extremely consistent over long periods. At the same time, their strobing light has been used to measure astronomical distances and probe the interstellar medium (ISM). With the birth of GW astronomy, these consortia are now using pulsars to probe the Universe for signs of background GWs.
This comes down to using their observatories to look for disturbances in the sweeps of pulsar beams, which are attributed to passing gravitational waves.
Recently, these consortia have come together to combine data sets, including the IPTA’s new data release — Data Release 2 (DR2). This consists of precision timing data from 65-millisecond pulsars, neutron stars that spin hundreds of times per second.
“The GBT [Green Bank Telescope] contributes to the IPTA as one of the most important telescopes used by c,” said Ryan Lynch, a Green Bank Observatory scientist, and a NANOGrav member. “The combination of the GBT’s excellent sensitivity, instruments, and ability to see so much of the sky make it a critical part of the IPTA’s efforts.”
Analysis of the IPTA DR2, combined with independent data sets from the other collaborations, revealed strong evidence for this low-frequency gravitational wave signal — as indicated by many pulsars. The characteristics of this signal were consistent with what astrophysicists expected to see from a gravitational wave background (GWB).
This background is formed by many overlapping GW signals caused by a cosmic population of supermassive black holes that orbit each other (binary SMBHs) and eventually merge.
This GWB is analogous to background noise in a crowded room and is reminiscent of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), the remnant radiation left over from the Big Bang. These results not only strengthen the case for the existence of a GWB, something astronomers have been predicting for some time.
It also demonstrated the effectiveness of the observatories and instruments involved and strengthens the case for similar signals found in the individual data sets from the participating collaborations.
As Lynch indicated, The Green Bank Observatory is developing new technology to enhance the GBT’s capabilities for this research:
“The IPTA is a great example of scientists and instruments from around the world coming together to advance our understanding of the cosmos. New instruments, like our upcoming ultrawideband receiver [funded by the Moore Foundation], will ensure that the GBT continues to make essential contributions to NANOGrav and the IPTA. If what we are seeing here is indeed the signature of gravitational waves, then the next few years are going to be really exciting.”
However, the scientific collaborations caution they don’t have definitive evidence for the GWB yet. While the case for it has been bolstered by these latest findings, the contributing consortia are still gathering information and looking into what else this signal could be.
The ultimate goal for studying GWs is to find evidence of a unique relationship in the signal strength between pulsars in different parts of the sky. These “spatial correlations” are yet to be found, but the existing signal is consistent with scientists’ predictions.
Looking ahead, the IPTA will be analyzing more recent data, hoping that this will confirm that this new signal is evidence of a GWB. In addition, many new instruments and scientific collaborations will begin gathering data in the coming years — like the MeerKAT array in South Africa and the India Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA).
There’s also the European Space Agency’s Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), a proposed mission that will consist of three satellites scheduled to launch sometime in the late 2030s and the first dedicated space-based gravitational wave detector.
Said Dr. Maura McLaughlin, a researcher of West Virginia University who uses the GBT for data collection for NANOGrav:
“If the signal we are currently seeing is the first hint of a GWB, then based on our simulations, it is possible we will have more definite measurements of the spatial correlations necessary to conclusively identify the origin of the common signal in the near future.”
China has had a bumper few years in space exploration, and its ambitions are about to get bolder. The China National Space Administration has released an overview of its plans for the next five years, which include launching a robotic craft to an asteroid, building a space telescope to rival the Hubble and laying the foundations for a space-based gravitational-wave detector.
The missions were highlighted in a white paper, ‘China’s Space Program: A 2021 Perspective’, released last month. The plans continue the country’s trend in emphasizing missions with science at their heart, rather than technology development and applications, says Shuang-Nan Zhang, an astronomer at the Institute of High Energy Physics in Beijing. “This is a very good sign,” he says. “It’s a continuous increase in investment in exploration of the Universe.”
Nature looks at five of the most ambitious projects.
Visit an asteroid
China aims to launch asteroid probes to sample near-Earth asteroids and study icy comets that have asteroid-like orbits. The mission, which will probably be named ZhengHe after a Ming-dynasty Chinese explorer, would be the country’s first to visit an asteroid, and could launch as soon as 2024. It will follow in the wake of Japan’s successful Hayabusa asteroid missions and NASA’s OSIRIS-Rex, which is due to return space rocks to Earth next year.
ZhengHe will fly for ten years, first landing on an ancient asteroid known as HO3 or Kamo‘oalewa, which loops around Earth as a quasi-satellite (see Earth’s Pet Rock). Scientists hope that studying it will give them an insight into conditions in the early Solar System. ZhengHe will anchor itself on the asteroid before scooping up its sample, according to a correspondence1 published in Nature Astronomy last year. ZhengHe will return to Earth’s orbit in 2026 to drop off its spoils, which will parachute to the ground. The craft will then sling-shot around Earth and Mars and travel to comet 311P/PANSTARRS in deep space.
Towards a lunar base
Not content with returning the first lunar samples to Earth since the 1970s, China approved three more lunar missions in December, all focusing on the Moon’s south pole, where the country is considering building a lunar base.
Chang’e-7, set to launch in 2024, will carry out a detailed survey of the Moon’s south pole, including mapping the distribution of ice in its shadowy craters. Chang’e-6 will follow, aiming to bring back polar soil samples. The ice is a treasure trove for scientists, who can use it to study the Moon’s history, and for prospectors, who hope to use it as rocket fuel and to supply lunar bases.
Work will also begin on Chang’e-8, which is not scheduled to fly until 2030; this will test “core technologies” for a crewed international lunar research station — the focus of China’s lunar programme beyond 2025. Russia and China will sign an intergovernmental agreement on building a research base together “as soon as possible this year”, said Wu Yanhua, vice-administrator of the China National Space Administration (CNSA), at the press conference to launch the white paper. He stressed, however, that the venture was open to all nations.
Wu added that China wants to broaden and deepen international collaboration, including on lunar exploration; on China’s space station, Tiangong, which is under construction; and on planetary exploration.
Mars and beyond
China made its first leap into interplanetary space with the Tianwen-1 orbiter, which dropped a lander containing the Zhurong rover on Mars in May. According to the white paper, China will complete research for sending a craft to Mars to sample rocks and return them to Earth. This mission could launch in 2028. (NASA’s Perseverance rover collected the first Mars rocks in 2021. The agency hopes to bring them back to Earth as part of a joint mission with the European Space Agency (ESA), launching in 2026.)
The white paper also lays out China’s plans to eventually probe further into the solar system. The next five years will see the completion of key research for a mission to explore Jupiter and its ocean-filled moon system. Press reports suggest that this mission could launch as early as 2029 — meaning that it would join ESA’s JUICE and NASA’s Europa Clipper mission, scheduled to fly in 2023 and 2024. “Deep space is certainly another area China sees there are a lot of opportunities for scientific breakthroughs,” says Zhang.
The country has also set its sights on exploring the boundary of the Solar System. China’s funding agencies have yet to confirm this, or the Jupiter mission, but “a mention in the plan is certainly helpful”, says Zhan Hu, an astronomer at the National Astronomical Observatories in Beijing.
A new Hubble: the Xuntian space telescope
China also plans to launch a space telescope called Xuntian, whose name means ‘survey the heavens’. This will image in the same wavelengths — ultraviolet, visible and infrared — as those used by NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope.
Slightly smaller than Hubble, Xuntian will not quite match its predecessor’s resolution; but, at any one time, Xuntian will capture a patch of sky 300 times larger. That will allow it to probe a much greater volume of the Universe than Hubble, says Zhan, who works on Xuntian.
Most of Xuntian’s first 10 years will be devoted to understanding the history and evolution of the Universe through a wide survey of the sky. The telescope will periodically dock with China’s space station, Tiangong, for refuelling and maintenance. Zhan says that the team plans to deliver the telescope by the end of 2023, ready for launch in 2024. “The schedule is very tight,” he says.
Detecting gravitational waves in space
China wants to further develop plans to launch a space-based gravitational-wave detector, called Taiji, in the early 2030s. If launched then, it would be the first of its kind. Such a mission would observe lower-frequency waves than those seen by ground-based detectors such as Advanced LIGO, allowing it to detect higher-mass black holes, including those in the early Universe.
But the experiment would be complex: spotting ripples in space-time will mean detecting shifts of just a few trillionths of a metre in the distances between three spacecraft, positioned 3 million kilometres apart from each other in the shape of a triangle.
An initial pilot satellite, called Taiji-1, completed its mission successfully in 2019, and researchers now hope to fly a two-satellite mission in 2024–25 to test the necessary precision technologies. This will “remove all the technical obstacles” for the ultimate Taiji mission, says Yue-Liang Wu, a physicist at the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing.
ESA has long planned its own gravitational-wave observatory, LISA, and has already flown a successful pathfinder. But LISA is not scheduled to launch until 2037. Together, the two networks could be used to measure the Hubble constant, which describes the expansion of the Universe, with much greater accuracy than ground-based detectors can, say researchers behind the mission.
A new process for turning atmospheric carbon dioxide desorbed from an absorbent into dry ice reduces the energy input needed for carbon capture.
A new technology for capturing carbon dioxide from air, Cryo-DAC can use existing infrastructure at ports for ships that transport liquefied natural gas and infrastructure used to prepare city gas.
Carbon capture is playing an increasingly prominent role in plans to combat climate change. A new process for direct air capture, which involves capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, promises to greatly enhance the efficiency of the technology.
“Direct air capture has great potential for removing CO2 from the atmosphere on massive scales,” says Soichiro Masuda at the R&D/Digital Division of the Japanese energy-provider Toho Gas. “And it has evolved rapidly in the past several years.”
Direct air capture complements other technologies that capture carbon from industrial emissions, but the lower levels of CO2 in atmospheric air make it considerably more challenging. “Efficiency has continued to be a challenge for direct air capture, as the steps that isolate CO2 from atmospheric air require the input of energy,” says Masuda. “Burning fossil fuel to provide the energy input ends up creating more carbon emission for the sake of capturing carbon.”
“Direct air capture technology is a key part of our corporate strategy to reach carbon neutrality by 2050,” says Masuda. Now, Toho Gas and Nagoya University, have started research and development into realizing carbon neutrality and have devised a way to largely overcome the problem of capturing carbon with an improved direct air capture technology called Cryo-DAC.
Diagram depicting the carbon cycle (left) of Cryo-DAC (right), the direct air capture technology developed by researchers at Toho Gas and Nagoya University.
A key advantage of recycling carbon by Cryo-DAC is that it can use existing infrastructure such as ports for ships that transport liquefied natural gas, along with the associated infrastructure used to prepare city gas for industrial and household use. Natural gas is imported in liquefied form at about −162 degrees Celsius. Japan is one of the world’s major importers of liquefied natural gas, accounting for nearly 20% of global imports.
“Ever since Japan first imported natural gas in 1969, we’ve been exploring ways to exploit the cold energy of liquid natural gas,” explains Masuda. “We think we’ve finally found a solution.” Liquefied natural gas is vaporized by exchanging heat with seawater; the cold energy generated in this exchange is used for industrial purposes such as liquefying industrial gases. Large amounts of the cold energy, however, was wasted.
Cryo-DAC uses cold energy, thereby minimizing the thermal energy needed for the process. Of the various types of direct air capture being developed worldwide, Cryo-DAC employs a method that captures and isolates CO2 with chemical absorbents. “The scalability of the chemical absorption method is well suited for collecting massive amounts of CO2,” says Masuda. “This involves collecting atmospheric air, absorbing CO2 in a solvent, and then isolating the CO2 from the solvent. This last step, however, requires large amounts of heat, creating carbon emission.”
Using dry ice to create a vacuum
The research team designed a new process that has a chamber in which CO2is sublimated into dry ice by using the cold energy of liquid natural gas. The new chamber is connected to another in which CO2 is absorbed in solvent; the phase change from CO2 to dry ice lowers the pressure inside, which causes the solvent and CO2 to evaporate. “As a result, CO2 can be recovered from the solvent at near room temperature, minimizing the thermal energy needed,” explains Yoshito Umeda, a professor at Nagoya University.
Schematic diagram of the cryopump used in Cryo-DAC.
The output of Cryo-DAC is high-pressure CO2 gas. Toho Gas plans to use the captured CO2 as a raw material for city gases that the company provides to its customers. “High-pressure CO2 is needed to produce methane, the main component of city gas, that can be obtained by reacting CO2 and hydrogen. While CO2 for methanation is typically prepared with compressors, Cryo-DAC has the potential to separate CO2 from air and generate high-pressure CO2 at low cost. Although city gas leaves a carbon footprint when burned, direct air capture with Cryo-DAC could offset these emissions,” says Masuda. “The International Energy Agency predicts that the demand for natural gas will continue to increase until 2050, unlike other major fossil fuels like oil or coal. We thus see Cryo-DAC as a key part of future gas infrastructure with net-zero carbon emission.”
The research is now a part of Japan’s Moonshot Research and Development Program, the Cabinet Office’s initiative to fund high-risk, high-impact research projects. The team includes collaborators at Tokyo University of Science, Chukyo University and the University of Tokyo, who are enhancing the materials and processes used in Cryo-DAC. The group is currently developing a solvent with higher absorption capabilities, as well as trying to achieve a continuous flow from CO2 sublimation to the output of high-pressure CO2. The aim is to establish the core technology by 2022 so that the system can operate continuously with a capacity of 1 tonne of CO2 per year in 2024. The group also aspires to design equipment for commercial use, and create detailed plans for implementing the system in a real-world setting by 2029.
“By using existing infrastructure for gas-consuming appliances and pipelines, we expect to transition smoothly to carbon neutrality without imposing a significant burden on our customers or the wider society,” says Masuda.
A few days ago I got into a debate about the theories of the late Mac Tonnies, well known for his books, After the Martian Apocalypse and The Cryptoterrestrials. It’s the latter book (and the relevant data and theories) that I’m focusing on today. I have to say that Tonnies’ The Cryptoterrestrials makes a very good, solid case with regard to his ideas and concepts. If you don’t know them, it basically like this: that the UFO phenomenon has nothing to do with extraterrestrials, but everything to do with an ancient, advanced, human society that has lived here in stealth for possibly tens of thousands of years. Maybe, even longer. And, as Mac saw it, the Cryptoterrestrials present themselves as aliens from other worlds (or even from other solar-systems) so we don’t discover their true origins. Mac was a great writer and he presented his overall story in a fashion that definitely makes food for thought. And, as I see it, many of his theories stand up. For example, he suggested the reason why the 1950s-era “Space Brothers”were so concerned about our nuclear weapons was because they were really from Earth, and not from another world, at all. In other words, if we destroyed ourselves, then the Space Brothers – really home-grown, ancient humanoids and not ETs – would be destroyed in the radioactive inferno, too.
(Nick Redfern)
“Giant Rock,” California and Mac Tonnies “Space Brothers”
Tonnies also focused on the matter of the black-eyed Greys of today and how the Cryptoterrestrials might be using our DNA, cells, eggs, sperm, and so on, to try and save their waning civilization – a civilization that really has its origins on Earth. In addition, he looked at the matter of the Cryptoterrestrials – carefully, stealthily and even in a creepy and sinister fashion – infiltrating our society and our cities. Let’s see a few of Mac’s own words that he made to me before his death. In terms of his theorizing, Tonnies said: “After devouring countless books on the UFO controversy and the paranormal, I began to acknowledge that the extraterrestrial hypothesis suffered some tantalizing flaws. In short, the ‘aliens’ seemed more like surreal caricatures of ourselves than beings possessing the god-like technology one might plausibly expect from interstellar visitors. Like [UFO researcher] Jacques Vallee, I came to the realization that the extraterrestrial hypothesis isn’t strange enough to encompass the entirety of occupant cases. But if we’re dealing with humanoid beings that evolved here on earth, some of the problems vanish.”
Mac had more to think on: “I envision the Cryptoterrestrials engaged in a process of subterfuge, bending our belief systems to their own ends. And I suggest that this has been occurring, in form or another, for an extraordinarily long time. I think there’s a good deal of folkloric and mythological evidence pointing in this direction, and I find it most interesting that so many descriptions of ostensible ‘aliens’ seem to reflect staged events designed to misdirect witnesses and muddle their perceptions. I regard the alleged ‘hybridization program’ with skepticism. How sure are we that these interlopers are extraterrestrial? It seems more sensible to assume that the so-called aliens are human, at least in some respects. Indeed, descriptions of intercourse with aliens fly in the face of exobiological thought. If the cryptoterrestrial population is genetically impoverished, as I assume it is, then it might rely on a harvest of human genes to augment its dwindling gene-pool. It would be more advantageous to have us believe we’re dealing with omnipotent extraterrestrials, rather than a fallible sister species. The ET-UFO mythos may be due, in part, to a long-running and most successful disinformation campaign.”
(Nick Redfern)
Only a model, but it captures the atmosphere!
As I see it, Mac worked out his theory pretty good (and granted, yes, it was just a theory). There is one part of the story, however, that I can’t buy into – or, at least, not to a 100 percent degree. Here’s why: one of the things Mac suggested was that the Cryptotererstrials were only seen now and then (and that went for their craft, too) because for most of the time they lived underground. This is where my doubts come in. Of course, for centuries tales of strange entities among us can be placed in that category – and living below the surface of our world – abound. Fairies, “the little people,” Richard Shaver, the “Dulce Base” controversy, and more. Is it feasible that an entire ancient civilization would be able to hide underground? And, even more importantly, what about not being seen coming in and out of huge entry and exit places – and maybe on every continent? That’s where I feel Mac stretched things to a degree – maybe a significant degree. I can see aliens stealthily entering our solar-system – and our atmosphere, too – and not being seen. But, ship after ship soaring out of large tunnels that clearly no-one has ever found? If someone showed me some kind of proof of massive, high-tech, underground worldwide caverns, caves and underground bases I wouldn’t just be impressed. I would be beyond impressed.
In short: if the Cryptoterrestrials (and their craft) are from the Earth’s underground, then they surely would be seen like a missile exiting a military missile silo – here, there and everywhere and 24/7, too. But, that’s not what we’re seeing. Yes, we see UFOs all the time. Do we see them coming out of the ground over and over again? Nope. And that’s a key issue. I like Mac’s theory of an ancient humanoid race – one that looks somewhat like us and that is infiltrating us. But, the underground aspect? No.
A couple of days ago I wrote an article here at Mysterious Universe on the matter of the late authorMac Tonnies and his theories on what he termed the Cryptoterrestrials. As I said in the previous article about the mysterious beings: “If you don’t know them, it basically like this: that the UFO phenomenon has nothing to do with extraterrestrials, but everything to do with an ancient, advanced, human society that has lived here in stealth for possibly tens of thousands of years. Maybe, even longer. And, as Mac saw it, the Cryptoterrestrials present themselves as aliens from other worlds (or even from other solar-systems) so we don’t discover their true origins. If you don’t know them, it basically like this: that the UFO phenomenon has nothing to do with extraterrestrials, but everything to do with an ancient, advanced, human society that has lived here in stealth for possibly tens of thousands of years. Maybe, even longer. And, as Mac saw it, the Cryptoterrestrials present themselves as aliens from other worlds (or even from other solar-systems) so we don’t discover their true origins.” As I also said in the article, the main issue I had with Mac’s theory was the idea of worldwide caves , caverns, and underground bases – and all dotted around the planet, but not seen taking off regularly from their presumably huge, underground silo-style facilities. Now, we come to someone else who has looked deeply into this issue of the Cryptoterrestrials. His name? Walter Bosley (he writes, however, under E.A. Guest). First, though, let’s take a quick look at the legendary crash itself.
(Nick Redfern)
One of the U.S. Air Force’s reports on the Roswell enigma
When it comes to the issue of what really happened on what was once known as the Foster Ranch, Lincoln County, New Mexico in early July 1947, there are things we know, things we suspect, and things we will probably never know. But, that something happened – something which caused the U.S. Air Force to offer multiple explanations for the event – is not a matter of any doubt at all. It was an incident that clearly concerned elements of not just the military, but the government, too, and to a highly significant degree. Eye-witnesses – both military and civilian – were warned not to talk about what they had seen and / or heard. More than a few of those warnings crossed the line and can only accurately be described as death threats. People were plunged into states of fear. Lives were changed forever. And multiple theories for what happened were put forward. They include: a weather-balloon, a Mogul balloon, a Japanese balloon, a Russian craft and more.
(Nick Redfern)
Welcome to Roswell!
Back in the 1950s, Bosley’s father worked on certain, classified programs that benefited the pre-NASA U.S. space program, much of it in relation to flight medicine training. On one memorable occasion, Bosley Sr. was ordered to make a flight to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, located in Dayton, Ohio. It was a day that Walter Bosley’s father would never forget: he was briefed on what really happened near Roswell, New Mexico in early July 1947; the most famous UFO case of all. Bosley’s father was told that nothing of an extraterrestrial nature came down in the wilds of New Mexico. Walter Bosley said that “…The civilization…exists in a vast, underground system of caverns and tunnels beneath the southwest and is human…They are human in appearance, so much so that they can move among us with ease [and] with just a little effort. If you get a close look, you’d notice something odd, but not if the person just passed you on the street.” Now, finally…
Mac Tonnies contemplated on this particularly fascinating and alternative theory for what happened back in 1947: “The device that crashed near Roswell in the summer of 1947, whatever it was, featured properties at least superficially like the high-altitude balloon trains ultimately cited as an explanation by the Air Force. Debunkers have, of course, seized on the lack of revealingly ‘high-tech’ components found among the debris to dismiss the possibility that the crash was anything but a case of mis-identification; not even Major Jesse Marcel, the intelligence officer who advocated an ET origin for the unusual foil and structural beams, mentioned anything remotely resembling an engine or power-plant. The cryptoterrestrial hypothesis offers a speculative alternative: maybe the Roswell device wasn’t high-tech. It could indeed have been a balloon-borne surveillance device brought down in a storm, but it doesn’t logically follow that is was one of our own. Upon happening across such a troubling find, the Air Force’s excessive secrecy begins to make sense.”
Meet the ancient bird with a 'movable CHIN': Bizarre avian with a bony appendage at the tip of its lower jaw that helped it root for food roamed China 120 million years ago, fossil analysis reveals
Meet the ancient bird with a 'movable CHIN': Bizarre avian with a bony appendage at the tip of its lower jaw that helped it root for food roamed China 120 million years ago, fossil analysis reveals
Fossil analysis has revealed bizarre bird that roamed China 120 million years ago
Ancient avian had bony appendage at tip of lower jaw that helped it root for food
'Movable chin' is a dental feature that has never been seen in any other dinosaurs
Small group of dinosaurs evolved into birds that co-existed with other dinosaurs
A bizarre-looking ancient bird that had a 'movable chin' to help it root for food 120 million years ago has been identified.
Scientists analysed fossils unearthed near the Great Wall of China to reveal that the creature had a bony appendage at the tip of its lower jaw which it was not only able to move but also feel through.
This bony pincer was just in front of the teeth, in the spot where a chin would be if birds had chins.
Experts said this so-called 'movable chin' was a dental feature that has never been seen in any other dinosaurs.
Named Brevidentavis zhangi, meaning 'short-toothed bird', it was one of two new species identified by researchers led by Chicago's Field Museum.
A bizarre-looking ancient bird that had a 'movable chin' to help it root for food 120 million years ago has been identified. Brevidentavis zhangi (shown in an artist's impression with its mouth open) is one of two new species identified, along with the toothless Meemannavis ductrix (left)
WHAT IS GANSUS YUMENENSIS?
Gansus yumenensis is the first Mesozoic bird found in China.
It was identified following the discovery of a fossil near Changma, Gansu Province, northwestern China in 1984.
Changma is an important place for researchers studying bird evolution.
Later on, five more well-preserved specimens were found in mudstone at the site of an ancient lake at Changma, Gansu.
Gansus yumenensis was about the size of a pigeon and similar in appearance to loons and diving ducks.
It had many features common among modern birds, and also retained some primitive traits such as its clawed wings.
Changma is the second-richest Mesozoic fossil bird site in the world, but more than half of the fossils found there belong to the same species, Gansus yumenensis.
The other was a toothless bird named Meemannavis ductrix.
Both Meemannavis and Brevidentavis are ornithuromorph birds — the group that contains modern birds.
Like today's birds, Meemannavis was toothless, while Brevidentavis had small, peg-like teeth packed close together in its mouth.
Along with those teeth came its strange 'movable chin' feature.
'It was a long, painstaking process teasing out what these things were,' said Jingmai O'Connor, the study's lead author and the associate curator of vertebrate paleontology at Chicago's Field Museum.
'Brevidentavis is an ornithuromorph bird with teeth, and in ornithuromorphs with teeth, there's a little bone at the front of the jaw called the predentary, where its chin would be if birds had chins.'
In a previous study on the predentary in another fossil bird, the researchers discovered that the predentary bone underwent stress and also found a kind of cartilage that only forms when there's movement.
'In this earlier study, we were able to tell that the predentary was capable of being moved, and that it would have been innervated — Brevidentavis wouldn't just have been able to move its predentary, it would have been able to feel through it,' said O'Connor.
'It could have helped them detect prey. We can hypothesise that these toothed birds had little beaks with some kind of movable pincer at the tip of their jaws in front of the teeth.'
Over the last two decades, teams of researchers have unearthed more than 100 specimens of fossil birds close to China's Great Wall.
The birds would have lived approximately 120 million years ago, during the time of the dinosaurs.
Study co-author Jerry Harris, of Utah Tech University, said: 'These fossils come from a site in China that has produced fossils of birds that are pretty darned close to modern birds, but all the bird fossils described thus far haven't had skulls preserved with the bodies.
'These new skull specimens help fill in that gap in our knowledge of the birds from this site and of bird evolution as a whole.'
All birds are dinosaurs, but not all dinosaurs are birds; a small group of dinosaurs evolved into birds that co-existed with other dinosaurs for 90 million years.
Modern birds are the descendants of the group of birds that survived the extinction that killed the rest of the dinosaurs, but many prehistoric birds went extinct then too.
O'Connor's work focuses on studying different groups of early birds to understand why some survived while others went extinct.
The fossil site in northwestern China, called Changma, is an important place for researchers like her to study bird evolution.
It is the second-richest Mesozoic fossil bird site in the world, but more than half of the fossils found there belong to the same species, Gansus yumenensis.
Determining which fossils are Gansus and which ones aren't is tricky; the six specimens that O'Connor and her colleagues examined in this study are primarily just skulls and necks, parts not preserved in known specimens of Gansus.
The fossils were also somewhat crushed by their time deep in the Earth, which made analysing them difficult.
Analysis: Jingmai O'Connor, the study's lead author, is pictured carrying out fieldwork at the site where the fossil birds were found
The fossil site in northwestern China, called Changma, is an important place for researchers to study bird evolution
Through painstaking work, the researchers were able to identify key features in the birds' jaws that showed that two of the six specimens were unknown to science.
They named these Meemannavis ductrix and Brevidentavis zhangi.
Brevidentavis isn't the first fossil bird discovered with a predentary that might have been used in this way, but its existence, along with Meemannavis, helps round out scientists' understanding of the diversity of prehistoric birds, especially in the Changma region.
The study also helps shed light on the most common bird from the site, Gansus, as at least four of the other specimens examined probably belong to this species.
O'Connor said: 'These new specimens include two new species that increase our knowledge of Cretaceous bird faunas, and we found combinations of dental features that we've never seen in any other dinosaurs.
'These discoveries strengthen the hypothesis that the Changma locality is unusual in that it is dominated by ornithuromorph birds, which is uncommon in the Cretaceous.'
She added: 'Learning about these relatives of modern birds can ultimately help us understand why today's birds made it when the others didn't.'
The Great Wall of China is perhaps the most studied structure in the world and its impact on the areas it runs through was unprecedented. However, there was life in that area before the Great Wall and a recent discovery by archeologists digging near the wall’s west end shows how little we really know about it. Paleontologists examining fossils at Changma, 80 miles from the wall’s western end are now calling it a ‘lost world’ of birds that lived 120 million years ago … and they’ve identified a number of new and unusual species.
“These fossils come from a site in China that has produced fossils of birds that are pretty darned close to modern birds, but all the bird fossils described thus far haven’t had skulls preserved with the bodies. These new skull specimens help fill in that gap in our knowledge of the birds from this site and of bird evolution as a whole.”
Some modern birds like this ground hornbill still look like dinosaurs.
In a new study published in the Journal of Systematics and Evolution, co-author Jerald Harris from Utah Tech University unveils the first unique aspect of this ‘lost world’ – skulls. Birds are the most fragile of prehistoric remains and skulls are extremely rare, which makes determining what they ate, how they ate it, brain size and other key characteristics impossible. In addition, while much is know about the small group of dinosaurs which evolved into the birds that became modern birds, little is known about the birds that didn’t survive the dino-killing extinction. Jingmai O’Connor, lead author and the associate curator of vertebrate paleontology at Chicago’s Field Museum, points out in the press release that the ‘lost world’ helped find some.
“It was a long, painstaking process teasing out what these things were. But these new specimens include two new species that increase our knowledge of Cretaceous bird faunas, and we found combinations of dental features that we’ve never seen in any other dinosaurs.”
Illustration by Cindy Joli, Julio Francisco Garza Lorenzo, and René Dávila Rodríguez.
O'Connor conducting fieldwork at the site where the fossil birds were found. Credit: You Hailu
Ornithuromorph birds with teeth had what looks like a chin bone that didn’t move, but this unusualBrevidentavis zhangihad cartilage attached to the bone, which showed evidence of stress. That means it moved and was able to feel what it touched.
“It could have helped them detect prey. We can hypothesize that these toothed birds had little beaks with some kind of movable pincer at the tip of their jaws in front of the teeth.”
O’Connor thinks this made Brevidentavis zhangi a predator – possibly of some of the other species in the ‘lost world’ like the Gansus, the first known true Mesozoic bird in the world. The site contained at least four Gansus skulls. Tom Stidham, another co-author from the IVPP (Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology) in Beijing, eloquently describes the significance of this discovery.
Now THAT’S a predator!
“At a time when giant dinosaurs still roamed the land, these birds were the products of evolution experimenting with different lifestyles in the water, in the air, and on land, and with different diets as we can see in some species having or lacking teeth. Very few fossils of this geological age provide the level of anatomical detail that we can see in these ancient bird skulls.”
The Great Wall is great because of its size and contribution to Chinese history. The Changma fossil site just made a great contribution to Chinese prehistory. Is it time to start calling it the Great Lost World of China?
Imaging the Galaxy’s Centre in Unprecedented Detail Reveals More Mysterious Filaments
Imaging the Galaxy’s Centre in Unprecedented Detail Reveals More Mysterious Filaments
The inner 600 light years of our galaxy is a maelstrom of cosmic radiation, turbulent swirling gas clouds, intense star formation, supernovae, huge bubbles of radio energy, and of course a giant supermassive black hole. This bustling downtown of the Milky Way is a potential treasure trove of discovery but has been difficult to study as the galaxy’s central regions are obscured by dust and glaring radiation. But a new image of this region with unprecedented detail reveals more than we’ve ever seen before. We find some familiar objects like supernovae but also some mysterious structures – gaseous filaments dozens of light years long channeling electrons at near light speed.
Behold, the galaxy’s centre as never seen before:
The new MeerKAT image of the Galactic centre region is shown with the Galactic plane running horizontally across the image. Many new and previously-known radio features are evident, including supernova remnants, compact star-forming regions, and the large population of mysterious radio filaments. Colours indicate bright radio emission, while fainter emission is shown in greyscale. Credit: I. Heywood, SARAO. Image description: SARAO
Creating this incredible image required the power of theMeerKAT observatory. MeerKAT is located in South Africa which has a vantage point of the galaxy’s centre 25,000 light years away toward the constellation Sagittarius. MeerKAT sees the Universe in radio waves which penetrate interstellar dust normally obscuring this region of space. The image above is the result of 144 hours of telescope observation and 70 terabytes of raw data. Created from 20 separate pointings, the image is a mosaic representing 6 square degrees of sky – the equivalent of30 full Moons spanning 4 full Moons wide – not just a speck in the night. If your eyes were sensitive enough to radio waves, this is what the the galaxy would look like above you.
The Milky Way is a flat-ish disk of hundreds of billions of stars with a bulging central core. Within the core exists a region called the “Central Molecular Zone” or CMZ with gas densities and turbulence 10-1000 times what you find in outer disk of the Milky Way (where we are located thankfully) and cosmic radiation levels equally higher than the rest of the galaxy. Clusters of young massive stars are being created from fresh gas drawn toward the CMZ. Some of these massive stars have already exploded in these clusters as supernovae.
Another version of the MeerKAT image of the Galactic centre Credit: I. Heywood, SARAO
Reaching Outward
Much of what we’re observing in the heart of the galaxy are familiar objects – stars exploding and gas flowing – but there are mysterious structures unique to this region we don’t fully understand. Reaching out from the Milky Way’s core are giant magnetic tendrils – like strands or filaments – up to 150 light years in length. They appear in pairs or clusters like “strings on a harp” separated from each other by about 1 AU (the Earth’s distance from the Sun), and act like wires conducting electrons accelerated to near the speed of light.
Numerous filaments spanning the Galactic plane. The filaments are identified in the lower panel “Spectral Index” Credit Heywood et al Figure 9
We’ve seen these filaments before MeerKAT. They were first discovered by Farhad Yusef-Zadeh of Northwestern University in the 1980’s. But MeerKAT’s new image has uncovered 1000 more filaments – 10 times more than previously known. The filaments are difficult to see as they blend into the rest of the other structures and shapes of turbulent gas and star forming regions at the centre of the galaxy.
Because the filaments are magnetic, the flow of electrons along their length creates a unique signature of radiation that can be detected by MeerKAT – Synchrotron radiation. Synchrotron radiation is generated by the motion of high speed electrons through a magnetic field. This unique radiation allows the filaments to be teased out in images from other structures. Software image processing also highlights the edges of the filaments further drawing them out from the background galaxy.
So what are these filaments, what is accelerating electrons along their length, and why are they unique to the centre of the galaxy?
Black Heart
Lurking at the centre of the Milky Way is a supermassive black hole. Black holes come in a few varieties. Supermassives weigh in at millions or even billions of times the mass of our Sun and are typically found in the centres of galaxies. Extending outward from the central region of the Milky Way are two large bubbles of gas emitting radio waves. They are symmetrical, forming an hourglass rising above and below the galactic plane.
This cirrus cloud-like emission from the Galactic centre super bubble dominates this image. This is traversed by a complex of many parallel filaments. The radio bubble nestles against the diffuse Sagittarius A region in the lower centre of the image. The bright dot near the centre of this region is Sagittarius A*, a 4 million solar mass black hole. This image captures the chaotic complexity of the very heart of our Galaxy. Credit: I. Heywood, SARAO Image Description SARAO
MeerKAT found these radio bubbles in 2018 which extend a thousand light years outward from the central region and are thought to be created by a massive outburst from our black hole about 100,000 to a million years ago – powerful enough to send two send the bubbles surging outward from the galaxy’s disk. While large black holes feed, huge amounts of energy are released that could create bubbles like these. (Black holes are messy eaters.)
The “hour glass” radio bubbles discovered by MeerKAT extend vertically above and below the plane of the galaxy. Many magnetised filaments can be seen running parallel to the bubbles. (Adapted from results published in Heywood et al. 2019.).
There have also been outbursts of energy from the supernovae explosions and star formation in this region. It’s possible the filaments are created by the interaction of both the radio bubbles and star formation as the magnetic fields of energized gases expanding from the black hole become entangled with outbursts from stellar formation and explosions. The black hole’s outbursts also accelerate electrons along the length of the filaments themselves.
Will Our Black Hole Eat the Milky Way? – Video by Fraser Cain
If an interaction between the black hole outbursts and supernova explosions creates the filaments, that interaction would explain why the filaments are unique to this part of the galaxy. They also seem to appear only within the radio bubbles themselves. The filaments have also captured cosmic rays – high energy particles created by stars – in their magnetic fields. The particles can be dated essentially leaving a time stamp on the filaments. The cosmic ray time stamp matches the period of outburst from the black hole further leading researchers to believe the filaments are related to the black hole outburst. The MeerKAT images make it possible to catalogue each of the filament clusters to learn more about them and therefore the story of the centre of our galaxy.
Catalogue of newly discovered filaments from MeerKAT. Credit Heywood et al Fig 8
Spiraling Down
MeerKAT spotted some other incredible things within our galaxy’s busy downtown. The image below shows the spherical supernova explosion (rare for supernovae images which are usually more asymmetrical) and features an unknown object resembling a comet (though not a comet) toward the right which might be streaking past leaving behind a wake.
A rare, almost-perfect spherical supernova remnant that has been discovered at the edge of the MeerKAT mosaic. Numerous compact radio sources are also visible, many of which signpost supermassive black holes at the centres of galaxies far beyond our own. There is also an intriguing tailed radio source visible on the right of the image, which could be an object in our galaxy moving at high speed, leaving a trailing wake. Credit: I. Heywood, SARAO. Image Description by SARAO
But the other image that made me gasp – a “mini spiral.” This mini-spiral below is a structure extending out from the Milky Way’s central black hole thought possibly to be gas spiraling toward the black hole itself!
The upper panel’s glowing area shows a synchrotron radiation halo surrounding the supermassive black hole at the centre of the galaxy. The radiation highlights the flows of gas funneling toward the black hole. As the gas approaches the black hole, it is heated beginning to ionize where electrons are stripped from the gas. The ionized gas appears as a “mini-spiral” in the lower panel within about five light years of the central black hole. The scale on the top panel shows 5pc (parsecs or about 16 light years). In other words, this cloud of ionized gases and synchrotron radiation swirling about our black hole is light years across. Credit Heywood et al Figure 14
The Model-T(elescope)
In the early 1930’s astronomer Karl Jansky first detected radio emission from the galactic centre. That observation – considered the birth of radio astronomy – was the earliest version of what MeerKAT is observing now. It’s possible some of those radio emissions Jansky detected were the first observation of the black hole at the centre of our galaxy.
Karl Jansky’s radio telescope build to rotate on Ford Model-T wheels. This is the first radio telescope ever created. Image courtesy of NRAO CC by 3.0
We’ve come a ways since Jansky’s radio telescope built literally on Ford Model-T wheels. None of these new views of our galaxy would possible without the MeerKAT facility and the work of lead author Dr. Ian Heywood and research team that created the mosaic image.
Inaugurated in 2018 with 64 antennae spread over 8km of the Northern Cape of South Africa, MeerKAT is the most sensitive radio telescope of its kind. Between facilities like this, and the newly launched JWST, we are in for a front row seat to the unveiling of the Universe as never before.
MeerKAT observatory Credit SARAO
Feature Image:
Milky Way centre by the MeerKAT array of 65 radio dishes in South Africa. The image spans 4 times the Moon’s size in the sky. Ian Heywood (Oxford U.), SARAO; Here is a full sized version of the picture that was posted in Astronomy Picture of the Day. Colour processing on the image was done by Juan Carlos Munoz-Mateos (ESO) whose Instagram channel you should definitely check out. Has some of the coolest astro images I’ve seen.
New Photos Show a Black Hole Blasting out Powerful Winds
New Photos Show a Black Hole Blasting out Powerful Winds
Pictures of galaxies never cease to amaze, and astronomers are consistently coming up with new ones that provide a different viewpoint on the universe and maybe some exciting science along with it. A recent picture of the galaxy NGC 7582, taken with the Very Large Telescope (VLT), shows an active supermassive black hole at the galaxy’s core. However, something appears to be redirecting its “wind” away from the rest of the spiral galaxy.
Black holes are notorious for gobbling up matter and, as a byproduct, producing massive streams of energy that can obliterate their surroundings. A study from Stéphanie Juneau of NOIRLab showed that in NGC 7582 at least, those energy streams are being redirected away from the rest of the galaxy by a “wind.”
Video showing data on the wind from NGC 7582’s black hole. Credit – Juneau et al.
That isn’t a “wind” in a traditional sense, but one that can be seen in a particular wavelength of light. Utilizing the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) of VLT, Dr. Juneau and her colleagues looked at the ionized particles that were present in the galaxy. The color-corrected image shows oxygen (blue), nitrogen (green), and hydrogen (red), respectively. The ionized heavier elements can be seen in a cone shape around the supermassive black hole at NGC 7582’s center, depicting the expected energy flow nicely. By contrast, the red coloration of the image shows where the star-forming regions of the galaxy are. Conveniently, the wind seems isolated from those delicate regions, allowing stars to form unmolested.
No matter what might be protecting those star-forming systems, the image that shows it is astounding. And it happens to have some novel science behind it too.
An image of NGC 7582, on the left showing it in traditional light, while on the right is a detailed view of the massive wind coming of the galaxy’s central black hole. Credit – ESO / Juneau et al.
Twin Brown Dwarfs Discovered, Orbiting One Another at Three Times the Distance From the Sun to Pluto
Twin Brown Dwarfs Discovered, Orbiting One Another at Three Times the Distance From the Sun to Pluto
Gravity is a funny force. The gravity of every given object technically impacts every other given object, though, in practice, large distance and small masses make those forces negligible for such interactions. But in some cases, especially when large groups are floating in empty space, gravity can still hold sway over considerable distances. Such is the case with a new pair of brown dwarfs found by astronomers at the Keck Observatory.
Those brown dwarves are paired to each other, but the distance between them is 12 billion miles – 3 times the distance of Pluto to the Sun. The system, called CWISE J014611.20-050850.0AB, was discovered using observations made by UC San Diego’s Cool Star Lab. Observations were completed with the Near-Infrared Echellete Spectrometer (NIRES) instruments.
UT contributor Paul Sutter explains why brown dwarfs are so unique. Credit – Paul Sutter YouTube Channel
Infrared surveys are particularly good at detecting brown dwarves, as they emit heat rather than light. In the case of CWISE J014611.20-050850.0AB it was even more critical than usual. “Keck’s exceptional sensitivity in the infrared with this instrument was critical to our measurements. The secondary brown dwarf of this system is exceptionally faint…” said study co-author and UCSD Physics professor Adam Burgasser, but they were able to differentiate it with Keck.
To know where to look, they first utilized another tool – the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), which has already discovered many brown dwarfs. An associated citizen science project called Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 typically searches WISE databases for hints of brown dwarfs. The researchers took a look at 3,000 separate brown dwarfs discovered by Backyard Worlds and cross-referenced them with data from the Dark Energy Survey, another tool that had observed that part of the sky.
Want to help with these efforts? Contribute to Backyard Worlds today! Credit – NASA Goddard YouTube Channel
Keck’s observations solidified the finding, even so far away as it is. The researchers stress the importance of finding unique binary systems to help inform models of how exactly brown dwarf binaries are formed and estimate how many of them might be out there. There are sure to be plenty more where CWISE J014611.20-050850.0AB came from.
Is EMF Radiation to Blame for the Bird Deaths Exploding Across the World?
Is EMF Radiation to Blame for the Bird Deaths Exploding Across the World?
200 ducks in Denmark, hundreds of herons in Turkey, thousands of swallows and swifts in Greece, 1000 starlings in Rome…
Birds literally fall dead from the sky, and nobody knows why.
Hundreds of dead birds block a road in Rome, Italy. Picture: Bufale
Thousands of dead swallows and swifts in Greece
Scientists believe high winds over the last three days have killed or gravely injured thousands of swallows and swifts, migrating from Africa to Europe.
The carcasses have been found in the streets of Athens, on apartment balconies in the capital, on Aegean islands and around a lake close to the seaport of Nauplia in the Peloponnese. Here a video of the living birds:
The situation has been described as a major disaster.
The dead birds were found near the village of Köprışık.
Residents and officials are scared as nobody really knows what’s behind the massive die-off.
Pesticides? Poisoning? Bird flu? Samples are being analysed right now. [ajanimo]
200 dead ducks in Denmark
About 200 dead ducks have been found along the beaches on Læsø, Denmark and everybody is wondering if they died of bird flu. This is completely unheard of on the island.
Four of the dead ducks have been tested for avian influenza, but all tested negative.
So what’s behind this new mass die-off in Denmark? [TV2 Nord]
1000 dead birds in the streets of Rome
On February 5, 2020, hundreds of dead birds covered parts of Viale del Policlinico.
Again, according to officials, the birds died when a tree collapsed due to strong winds across the capital city. [Bufale]
Here some other mass die-offs in the last weeks or months:
So there is a clear increase in birds mysteriously dying and falling from the sky. But nobody really can’t tell the cause of these massive mass die-offs.
Are these bird deaths linked to poisoning? Diseases? New technologies? A bit of all? What’s your opinion and hypothesis? More animal mass die-off news on Strange Sounds and Steve Quayle.
RECENT RELATED VIDEOS, selected and postyed by peter2011
An eyewitness in Jerusalem, Israel, spots a strange bright ball of light hovering over a very important landmark, in this clip from Season 2, “DOME OF THE ROCK INCIDENT / SOLWAY SPACEMAN.”
Demonic Evil Meets Human Evil: When Evil Was Released into the World
Demonic Evil Meets Human Evil: When Evil Was Released into the World
“There is no good, and there is no evil. There is only the flesh and the patterns to which we submit it.” At least that was one of the things which the character Pinhead was supposed to say according to a proposed script for one of the Hellraiser movies based on the writings of Clive Barker. Even though the line was not used in the film, to a certain extent, there is some truth to that. The dual perspective based on the good-evil distinction was mostly introduced by religions such as Christianity which refer to two main entities, two antagonists, one representing good (like God) and the other representing demonic evil (like the Devil).
In real life, such distinctions become blurred. A person can have both good and evil inside the soul. What matters most is what a person chooses to act upon. Unfortunately, many humans choose to act on evil. With entities like demons which are regarded as actual manifestations of demonic evil, humans acting on evil imply their choice and many sources argue that the patterns of human evil can, in reality, be much worse than those of demonic evil. This essay looks into the origins of these ideas of good and evil through the ages.
The curiosity of Pandora led her to open a box and release all the evils into the world.
In Christianity, Eve introduced sin (and evil) into the world by eating from the tree of knowledge. Some researchers claim that her sin had not been limited only to this, but that she had also mated with the snake. However, the concept of introducing evil into the world is much older.
In the Greek tradition, Pandora was the first woman, having been created by the gods out of earth and water. To her a box was offered which she was not to open, but curiosity pushed her to do exactly the contrary. When Pandora opened the box received as a gift from the gods, all the evils were released into the world. When the woman closed the box, it was already too late. The evils had escaped. Inside the box, on the bottom, only the spirit of hope named Elpis had remained.
In the Bible, evils appear under the form of the four horsemen of the Apocalypse who are released in turn, as the lamb of God opens one by one the four seals of the parchment from the right hand of God sealed, in total, with seven seals. Thus, the horsemen symbolize the Apocalypse announcing the coming of the moment of final judgment.
Conquest is the first horseman who is described in the text as follows:
“Then I saw when the Lamb broke one of the seven seals, and I heard one of the four living creatures saying as with a voice of thunder, “Come.” I looked, and behold, a white horse, and he who sat on it had a bow; and a crown was given to him, and he went out conquering and to conquer.”
Interpretations of this horseman associated with military conquests sometimes consider him to be the Antichrist or a representation of false prophets. Within the Bible, the second horseman is War, representing mass slaughter. He has a sword symbolizing the blood which will flow and he is described in the following manner:
“When He broke the second seal, I heard the second living creature saying, “Come.” And another, a red horse, went out; and to him who sat on it, it was granted to take peace from Earth, and that men would slay one another; and a great sword was given to him.”
Famine follows:
“When He broke the third seal, I heard the third living creature saying, “Come.” I looked, and behold, a black horse; and he who sat on it had a pair of scales in his hand. And I heard something like a voice in the center of the four living creatures saying, “A quart of wheat for a denarius, and three quarts of barley for a denarius; but do not damage the oil and the wine.”.
The last horseman is Death or the Grim Reaper about whom the Bible says:
“When the Lamb broke the fourth seal, I heard the voice of the fourth living creature saying, “Come.” I looked, and behold, a pale horse; and he who sat on it had the name Death; and Hades was following with him.”.
Out of all the horsemen of the Apocalypse, only Death is named in an explicit manner, and about all of them, as a group, the Biblical text affirms that:
“Authority was given to them over a fourth of the earth, to kill with sword and with famine and with pestilence and by the wild beasts of the earth.”
1796 painting "Death on a Pale Horse" artist depiction of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.
In the Middle Ages humans wanted to blame someone for all the evil of the world, and so there began to appear thick volumes which described the appearance, powers and ranks of demons from the infernal hierarchy. Priests told people to permanently guard themselves against the malefic influence of demons and to be vigilant in what regarded such aspects.
In the 13th century, an abbot established the number of demons at 1,758,176. He explained: “Every human being is pursued by several demons. Just like a human who dives into the sea is surrounded by water, above as well as below, that is how demons surround humans from all sides."
Then, after approximately 300 years, the Church increased the number of demons to 7,405,926. As it is said that demons have abilities, domains of action and specific positions within the infernal hierarchy, in the world there is a large number of demonological catalogues which record the names of demons and describe them. Wizards used such catalogues to choose the demons they were about to invoke to ask for their help. In exchange, they offered their souls to the demons.
Nevertheless, evil does not come solely from demons. There have existed a lot of cases in which human evil surpassed demonic evil in terms of ingenuity and cruelty. From here, also come the legends about humans turned demons or about demons who look for humans as cruel and perverse as possible in order to manifest themselves and to be able to accomplish their diabolical plans.
Roman Polanski’s 1999 film entitled The Ninth Gate follows a character specialized in finding, authenticating, and selling old books. He must find the original variants of nine engravings. Placed in the correct order these were said to open the nine gates of the entrance to Hell. The idea presented in this modern-day Hollywood production comes from a much older legend.
It is said that, in Hell, the Devil was looking around when his attention was attracted by the evils performed by human demons. This had to do with those demons who had been created from a perverted human soul. The evils done by them greatly surpassed those performed by the demons who had actually been born in demonic form ever since the beginning.
Amazed and surprised beyond measure, the Devil could not understand this aspect. How could human demons surpass in cruelty and ingenuity actual demons? Desiring an answer, the Devil decided to incarnate himself as a human. In this way, he could live a number of successive lifetimes as a human being and he could discover what made human demons more atrocious and crueler than pure-blood demons.
Taking into account that he would be absent from Hell for quite some time, in case of emergency, the Devil included in his plan a safety system. Should his presence be greatly needed in Hell, a ritual would remind him his true identity, a thing that would help him to take on again his true demonic form and return to his business. The idea was that in the case of an emergency, a certain demon would come to him before the end of the pre-established number of human lives and help him execute a ritual allowing him to become himself once again. The demonic ritual of initiation appears in the film mentioned previously in an adapted cinematic version.
According to the legend, the Devil did not pass through all of the pre-established lives, his urgent presence in Hell being highly needed. For this reason, the Devil himself has remained eternally fascinated by the cruelty of the evil with human origin.
People have throughout history attempted to explain the origins of demonicevil.
Psychopathologist Adrian Raine from the University of Southern California has conducted scientific research which has shown that a large portion of criminals have a lack of neurons in the pre-frontal cortex. The neurological studies have demonstrated that, ever since childhood, conscience, the feeling of guilt and altruism appear and develop as a result of a correct functioning of the pre-frontal cortex.
Many psychopaths and criminals have suffered from APD (Antisocial Personality Disorder) which determines the lack of any feeling of affection, antisocial behavior, perfidy and irresponsibility. In addition, many of these psychopaths lacked the nervous cells mentioned previously.
Thus, Professor Adrian Raine ended up asking himself whether criminals can be considered responsible for the crimes they commit, taking into consideration the fact that they are missing part of their brain. He also considers that, for these reasons, it is late for someone to deal with the teenagers and the minors from correction schools and with convicts. The right time to prevent and treat antisocial behavior is during childhood.
The accuracy of this study is situated somewhere at 75%, so there are psychopaths who have no neuron lacking from their pre-frontal cortex. Aside from this, there are also humans who indeed have the respective neurons lacking, but who do not present any antisocial behavior .
A psychiatrist at St. Bartholomew Hospital of London, Doctor Martin Deahl, claims that there are indeed abnormalities in the brains of psychopaths, but these are not standard abnormalities on the basis of which an exact diagnostic can be attributed. So, in a latent state, a psychopath can exist inside any individual. Everything depends only on specific conditions and on triggering factors.
The brazen bull was a Roman torture device where people would be locked inside a metal bull and a fire would be lit below it.
Another legend claims that Saint Anthony had sent a letter to the Devil asking him to explain himself and to stop all evils on Earth. Apparently the Devil responded, claiming that he had a lot of business to attend to in Hell and no time at all to intervene in the affairs of humans.
In his reply, he also added that Saint Anthony would discover the source of evils from Earth if he asked the Church. This was a time when the Inquisition had unjustly killed and tortured unthinkable numbers of people. In this way, a religion of mercy, as Christianity is regarded to be, had led to the death of a larger number of people than the two world wars put together.
Ever since Antiquity, as well as during the Middle Ages, a large number of methods and instruments of torture has been created and used, some more inventive than others. Depicted in engravings and described in real manuals of torture, these taught and helped executioners in their job.
The brazen bull of the Romans was a large metallic bull whose belly opened to allow for one or more humans to be locked inside it. The fire then lit below the bull's belly made it hot and it slowly fried the man inside.
Meanwhile, the cradle of Judas implied sitting the condemned on a pyramid-shaped chair with a sharp top. The bindings made for every movement, no matter how small, to move the entire body to increase pain. The pain was unbearable because the sharp edge was stuck inside the anus or inside the vagina and, as the chair was not really washed, even in the case of an acquittal, the individual could die shortly after because of the infections resulted after applying the torture method.
Other convicts were locked inside cabinets in the form of a sarcophagus which had spikes on the interior. This was the iron maiden which, in the moment when it was locked, it would pierce the body of the convict with its spikes, killing him.
Other methods of torture included the wheel, which ensured a very slow death, the old method of flaying and impaling invented by the Turks. Witches and wizards were executed by placing a board on top of their horizontally bound bodies. On the board, very heavy boulders were placed, the condemned being able to hear their bones crushing before death. In the cases in which confessions were wanted, the chair with spikes was the most often used.
The use of the lethal injection is the ultimate expression of human evil.
In the world there are no new things, only new people. There are still countries where the death penalty continues to be applied through various methods such as the lethal injection, hanging, shooting or the electric chair.
In the case of the first method, three substances (sodium thiopental, a barbituric which sedates the convict; pancuronium bromide which paralyzes the muscles and the lungs and blocks the breathing system and potassium chloride which causes cardiac arrest) are introduced, in turn, inside the body of the condemned in doses established in such a way that only a single one can cause death.
Studies performed in this regard have shown that, in the cases without a proper anesthesia, even though pancuronium bromide paralyzes the lungs and the muscles, it leaves the convict in a perfect state of lucidity. In this state, the convict goes through a state of suffocation intensified by injecting the potassium chloride. This latter substance irritates the walls of blood vessels and the individual passes through the sensation of burning alive.
Because of these terrible pains which it produces, pancuronium bromide has been forbidden when it comes to animal euthanasia. In the case of humans, it is still used because, with the individual being sedated, from the exterior perspective of those who are witnesses to the event, all that is observed is an individual who seems unconscious, who does not move and whose calm expression leaves the sensation of a slow descent into an eternal sleep.
Why is such an awful and painful method of execution still used in the case of humans? On one side, because it induces fear, the fear of breaking the law and committing crimes legally punishable by death. From this perspective, it is a method of control and of making sure the laws are respected.
From an external perspective, the mental comfort of those who witness such an execution is taken into account. Many have no idea about the pain the convict experiences. They just see him tied up and sedated, having the impression of a calm death. Only a few are aware of the reality of the actual excruciating pain felt by the convict.
In fact, a painless method of execution implies quickly destroying the nerves that send the pain signals to the brain. This could be achieved by attaching explosives to a convict's head and detonating them. But for lawbreakers this would mean a fast painless death and for the witnesses to the execution it would imply a disturbing sight. So, no fear for potential lawbreakers to deter them and no moral comfort for those who witness the execution.
When it comes to myths and legends as relates to demons, these merely symbolize the latent evil that exists inside every human. As long as evil continues to exist in the world, these legends will attempt to offer up explanations, to help us understand the inexplicable potential for cruelty that exists in human nature.
Top image: Personification of demonic evil. Source: likozor / Adobe Stock
Darwin’s Natural Selection Theory May Not Be True, Gene Study Says
Darwin’s Natural Selection Theory May Not Be True, Gene Study Says
Researchers from Ghana and the University of Haifa, Israel, have published a breakthrough study that questions randomness in Darwin’s natural selection theory, in the Genome Research journal which may revolutionize human evolutionary history. According to the researchers, mutations have been misattributed to randomness, and this has been the backbone of the theory of evolution, until now. Instead, the researchers have been able to provide evidence of non-random mutations by showing “a long-term direct mutational response to environmental pressure.”
For over 160 years, the scientific community has followed Darwin’s natural selection theory, which basically says nature selects for new mutations in a totally random way. But a new study shows that it may not be randomness at all but environmental pressures that cause mutations.
Non-Randomness Versus Accidental Natural Selection Theory
This is in direct contradiction to Darwin’s longstanding theory of natural selection, which argues that all genetic mutations are random and accidental, and attributes beneficial traits being passed on through generations of breeding. For long, this has been a key tenet of neo-Darwinism, but we can now safely postulate that one helpful genetic mutation was not random at all – the human haemoglobin S (Hbs) mutation that protects against malaria.
Lead researcher Professor Adi Livnat, from the University of Haifa, Israel said:
“For over a century, the leading theory of evolution has been based on random mutations. The results show that the HbS mutation is not generated at random but instead originates preferentially in the gene and in the population where it is of adaptive significance. We hypothesize that evolution is influenced by two sources of information: external information that is natural selection, and internal information that is accumulated in the genome through the generations and impacts the origination of mutations.”
Professor Livnat is referring to the unique approach adopted by his team, wherein, the HbS mutation was isolated to distinguish between random mutations, and natural selection. In the mix, non-random mutations were added to detect “de novo” mutations, which literally mean “out of the blue” mutations that are present in an offspring but not inherited from either parent, reported The Daily Mail .
Interestingly, the HbS mutation was found to occur more frequently in populations where malaria is endemic, i.e., Africa, suggesting that certain mutations arise more frequently where they are of adaptive significance. The scientists behind the latest study hypothesize that evolution is influenced both by external information (natural selection), and internal information (generational genetic pools).
For over 160 years, based on Darwin’s natural selection theory, we have been taught that evolution through mutation is random and accidental, but the latest study shows that this isn’t true for malaria.
Lamarckism, Environmental Pressures and De Novo Mutations
This new thinking about natural selection has actually been around for a long time but the recent study proves it for the human hemoglobin malaria mutation.
Many scientists have written that complex and impressive adaptations in the eyes, brain, or hands, cannot be just attributed to randomness. Neither can the entire natural selection process be explained by Lamarckism, which posits that all beneficial adaptations come from direct environmental pressure. When the out-of-the-blue mutation hypothesis is applied to HbS, it is seen to provide protection against malaria for people with one copy, but causes sickle cell anemia in those with two copies, reported Salon.
"This shows empirically for the first time a directional response of mutation to a specific long-term environmental pressure . This sort of result cannot be explained by Neo-Darwinism, which is limited to explaining minor, gross-level effects on average mutation rates, not responses of specific mutations to specific environmental pressures. Therefore, the implications are that here there is an empirical finding that Neo-Darwinism really cannot explain, which challenges the notion of random mutation on a fundamental level,” added Dr Livnat.
Dr Livnat, and his lab manager, Dr Daniel Melamed, applied the de novo emergence of the HbS mutation to its origins, showing that the malaria-protective mutation actually originates de novo more frequently in sub-Saharan Africans , a population subgroup that has been exposed to centuries of malarial selection pressure, compared to that of the Europeans. Clearly, a random mutation would have equally random chances of appearing in both populations, as per Darwinian postulation, but that is not what actually happened.
“Mutations defy traditional thinking. The results suggest that complex information that is accumulated in the genome through the generations impacts mutation, and therefore mutation-specific origination rates can respond in the long-term to specific environmental pressures. Mutations may be generated nonrandomly in evolution after all, but not in the way previously conceived. We must study the internal information and how it affects mutation, as it opens the door to evolution being a far bigger process than previously conceived,” Livnat concluded.
Previous studies using Lamarckism as a theoretical base looked for immediate mutational adaptations to environmental stressors. Other studies, which found Lamarckism too limited in its scope, used only Darwinian natural selection and looked for random internal genetic mutations.
The current study gives scientists motive to reconsider current practices “of measuring mutation rates as averages across a multitude of positions on the genome.” This also opens up the field to study mutations other than HbS to see if the story of human evolution is actually random or smart by design!
Top image:This arc of five hominin skulls has been used for over 100 years to prove that natural selection theory is totally random and accidental, but a new study shows this to be false for a malaria mutation. Source: Smithsonian
ZIJN WE ALLEEN IN HET HEELAL? HET LIJKT STATISTISCH ONMOGELIJK!
ZIJN WE ALLEEN IN HET HEELAL? HET LIJKT STATISTISCH ONMOGELIJK!
Tim Kraaijvanger
Er is nog geen leven buiten onze planeet gevonden, maar de kans is groot dat astronomen ooit een tweede aarde tegenkomen.
Als we ‘s nachts naar de nachthemel staren, dan zien we een eindeloze zee van sterren. Toch spotten we maar een fractie van alle sterren in de Melkweg. Zo is de meeste nabije ster – Proxima Centauri – niet met het blote oog te zien. In 2013 berekenden wetenschappers dat er alleen al in ons sterrenstelsel minimaal honderd miljard planeten zijn. Dit is een ondergrens, dus het daadwerkelijke aantal ligt mogelijk veel hoger. Astrofysicus Ethan Siegel denkt dat dit aantal dichter bij de tien biljoen ligt. “Dan tel ik geen solitaire planeten mee,” zegt Siegel. Dit zijn planeten die uit een planetair systeem zijn geworpen en niet om een ster draaien. “Dan gaat dat aantal mogelijk met een factor 100 of 1.000.000 omhoog. Dan zijn er dus wellicht triljoenen planeten, alleen in ons sterrenstelsel.”
Nu hebben we het alleen over ons eigen sterrenstelsel. In het heelal zijn minimaal 200 miljard sterrenstelsels. Gaan we uit van één triljoen planeten per sterrenstelsel, dan zijn er vele triljarden of zelfs quadriljoenen planeten.
Is er een tweede aarde? Deze aantallen zijn indrukwekkend. Maar op hoeveel van deze planeten is leven mogelijk? We weten inmiddels dat er veel verschillende planeten in het heelal zijn en dat veel van deze planeten afvallen als kandidaten. Het is er te warm, het is er te koud, het is een gasplaneet of de moederster is niet stabiel. Aan de andere kant komen wetenschappers levensvormen als mosdiertjes en kokerwormen tegen op extreme plaatsen op aarde, zoals onder Antarctische ijsplaten, dus leven kan tegen een stootje. In 2020 berekenden astronomen dat er mogelijk zes miljard aardachtige planeten in de Melkweg zijn. Zij baseerden zich op data van de Kepler-telescoop.
Maar is er ook intelligent leven op één van deze zes miljard planeten? Een lastig te beantwoorden vraag. Op aarde duurde het 4,5 miljard jaar voor er een intelligente levensvorm ontstond, maar dit hoeft geen standaard regel te zijn. Misschien is de moderne mens heel uniek. Of misschien niet. Wetenschappers weten het simpelweg niet. Daarnaast kunnen intelligente beschavingen weer verdwijnen en gaan ze ten onder door hun eigen gedrag (bijv. klimaatverandering, oorlog) of externe gebeurtenissen (meteorietinslag). Wetenschappers van de Universiteit van Nottingham beweren dat er momenteel minimaal 36 intelligente beschavingen in onze Melkweg zijn die in staat zijn om met ons te communiceren, maar deze conclusie moet met een flinke korrel zout genomen worden. Er worden veel aannames gedaan en er zijn (natuurlijk) geen harde bewijzen dat deze cijfers daadwerkelijk kloppen. Een interessant statistisch onderzoek, maar daar blijft het dan ook bij.
Zonnestelsel in de maak Als wetenschappers denken dat er minimaal 36 intelligente beschavingen zijn in onze Melkweg, dan kan het toch niet zo zijn dat we alleen zijn in dit universum? Dat lijkt statistisch onmogelijk. Overal om ons heen vinden we planeten en worden nieuwe werelden geboren, zoals te zien is op de ruimtefoto van deze week. De Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array – een interferometer van 66 radioschotels – maakte deze foto van de geboorte van een zonnestelsel. We zien hier de jonge ster HL Tauri met daaromheen de protoplanetaire schijf. De ster is slechts één miljoen jaar oud, maar we zien al donkere banen in de stofschijf. Dit zijn banen die door jonge protoplaneten zijn schoongeveegd. Hier draaien dus planeten om de jonge ster. “Het is verrassend dat we dit zien op deze foto, aangezien we niet wisten dat zulke jonge sterren al grote planeten hebben die hun banen kunnen schoonvegen,” vertelde directeur Stuartt Corder van het ALMA-project in 2014.
Deze zomer opent de James Webb-ruimtetelescoop zijn ogen en gaan we hopelijk ontdekken meer aardachtige planeten vinden. James Webb is in staat om op zoek te gaan naar biosignaturen in de atmosferen van andere planeten. Zo’n biosignatuur is de aanwezigheid van zuurstof. Door te ‘ruiken’ aan de atmosfeer van een exoplaneet kunnen wetenschappers achterhalen of er mogelijk leven aanwezig is. Hopelijk krijgen astronomen dan voor eens en altijd een duidelijk antwoord op één van de grootste levensvragen: zijn we alleen?
De afgelopen decennia hebben ruimtetelescopen en satellieten prachtige foto’s gemaakt van nevels, sterrenstelsels, stellaire kraamkamers en planeten. Ieder weekend halen we één of meerdere indrukwekkende ruimtefoto uit het archief. Genieten van alle foto’s? Bekijk ze op deze pagina.
Bronmateriaal:
Afbeelding bovenaan dit artikel: ALMA
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Talk of UFOs ignited by mysterious ‘red trails’ seen in darkness off the Outer Banks
Talk of UFOs ignited by mysterious ‘red trails’ seen in darkness off the Outer Banks
BY MARK PRICE
A man taking time lapse images of the Milky Way also captured a series of odd light swirls in the sky, and the resulting footage has ignited talk of UFO activity off North Carolina’s Outer Banks.
Artist Wes Snyder is well known in the Southeast for his coastal photography — particularly images taken at night — but even he is at a loss for what the rotating red trails might be.
The lights are seen multiple times in his video — always along the horizon — and they appear to be circling something.
Snyder says the movement defies easy explanation, when taking into account the time lapse process: Each photo is taken with a 10-second exposure, with one second in between.
Wes Snyder recording time lapse photos off the Outer Banks and found mysterious "red trails" that some say are UFOs. Others believe it is military craft.
VIDEO SCREENSHOT
“I’ve caught thousands of plane trails and never have any of them looked like this, so I’m certain they are not your typical aircraft,” Snyder told McClatchy news.
“I’ve caught these trails before in several other time lapses, but I have yet to figure out what kind of plane possibly has these capabilities. ... Whatever they are, they have some incredible maneuverability.”
The photos were taken between 8 and 10 p.m. on Sept. 27, with cameras facing west, toward the mainland. Snyder says the trails were “visible for 10-20 minutes.”The video was only recently posted online, because of the time it takes to edit images taken simultaneously by three cameras, he said.
“We (the Outer Banks) are not too far away from a bombing range and eastern North Carolina is known for lots of military aircraft,” Snyder said. “My bet is that it’s military aircraft training over the Pamlico Sound.
“All I want to know is, how can I get a ride in whatever it was,” he added.
The Pentagon released three videos of UFOs taken by Navy pilots to "clear up misconceptions."
BY US DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE VIA STORYFUL
The video was shared Jan. 21 on Facebook, where it has been viewed 13,000 times and gotten hundreds of reactions as of Jan. 31. (He posted it Jan. 27 on YouTube.) A recently removed shipwreck known as the Ocean Pursuit is included in the foreground of the video.
Many commenters on the Facebook post seem to agree the lights were likely military craft or drones, while others weren’t afraid to call it a UFO. That’s technically correct, since the lights are tough-to-identify flying objects.
“I believe they exist ... and have been visiting us for a long time,” one woman wrote.
“Whatever they are, I hope they’re on our team!” another commenter posted.
US Army High-ranked Confirms 57 Alien Species Similar To Humans That Walk Among Us
US Army High-ranked Confirms 57 Alien Species Similar To Humans That Walk Among Us
Back in 2001, on May 9th, a conference was held at the National Press Club in Washington DC, where delegates spoke about everything there is to talk about, beginning with UFOs and going all the way to the idea of alien life forms living among us.
What is crucial to note in this situation is that, according to elected officials, there has been ample evidence to support these allegations to date.
Sargent Clifford Stone also sent us a number claiming that there are 57 alien life forms that look just like us living among us. He said he doesn’t know their goals or what they’re doing on our planet, to begin with, so it’s certainly a hard idea to swallow.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
20-02-2022
NASA Officials Reportedly Horrified That SpaceX’s Starship May Succeed
NASA Officials Reportedly Horrified That SpaceX’s Starship May Succeed
"They are sh**ting the bed."
Image by SpaceX
If Elon Musk is right, SpaceX is poised to become the most successful spaceflight organization ever, public or private — and its competitors, including NASA, are scared shitless.
As Politico reports, the key proposed value of SpaceX’s Starship — that it can be reused over and over without spending as much time or money as previous spacecraft have required — a dynamic that may be posed to permanently alter the status quo, and which Politico characterized as inspiring a “mix of awe and horror” at NASA and its more traditional aerospace contractors.
Starship is slated to be the first all-purpose reusable spacecraft that can take people and cargo to and from the Moon and even Mars an indefinite number of times. NASA’s Space Launch System, meanwhile, has cost billions more than it was supposed to and is years behind schedule. As Politico notes, the $2 billion-per-launch price tag that accompanies SLS’ three slated Artemis moon landing missions make it much less attractive in comparison to Starship, which Musk recently bragged could cost as little as $1 million per launch.
Although NASA contracts with more established companies like Aerojet Rocketdyne, Northrup Grumman, and Boeing, SpaceX’s success in becoming the first consumer spaceflight company to take astronauts to the International Space Station has irrevocably altered the playing field, according to Politico‘s analysis — and the imminent launch of Starship may stack the deck further in its favor.
“Once [Starship’s] reliability is demonstrated with a large number of flights, which could happen in a matter of months, it will obsolesce all existing launch systems,” aerospace engineer and consultant Rand Simberg told Politico. “If SLS is not going to fly more than once every couple of years, it’s just not going to be a significant player in the future in space, particularly when Starship is flown.”
In a paper titled “Walmart, But for Space,” Simberg wrote that SpaceX will “revolutionize spaceflight” if it can demonstrate that it’s genuinely, in Musk’s optimistic prediction, “rapidly reusable.” This “radical cost reduction” that’s built upon low-Earth orbit refueling tankers could, the engineer told Politico, dramatically bring down the cost of space travel.
While SpaceX being as reusable as Musk says it is remains a pretty big if, the possibility alone has been enough to have some NASA officials and the aerospace contractors that work for them hearing brown notes.
One high-profile space lobbyist who spoke to Politico on condition of anonymity to avoid angering his Congressional allies perhaps put it best.
CHINA’S NEW ROCKET CONCEPT LOOKS SUSPICIOUSLY LIKE SPACEX’S STARSHIP
CHINA’S NEW ROCKET CONCEPT LOOKS SUSPICIOUSLY LIKE SPACEX’S STARSHIP
WAIT... THAT LOOKS AWFULLY FAMILIAR.
SPACEX
Chinese Starship
If imitation is the sincerest form of flattery, SpaceX must be very pleased with the Chinese space program.
Wang Xiaojun, president of the nation’s Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT), gave a presentation earlier this month showing off a concept for a two-stage methane-liquid launch system that looked suspiciously familiar, as SpaceNews pointed out.
To wit, the images used in the slides bear a striking resemblance to SpaceX’s Starship spacecraft. In all fairness, though, there are differences as well. CALT’s launch system is designed to carry around 20 tons to low-Earth orbit, while SpaceX’s mammoth spacecraft aims at carrying a whopping 100 tons. There also appear to be differences in how the engines generate thrust, as SpaceNews points out.
Mars Express
In short, there’s a very good chance CALT took some convenient shortcuts to show off a very early rendition of its planned methane-LOX launch system. And it’s just as likely its design language will change over time.
Case in point: postgraduate students from CALT also showed off a “Mars Express” heavy launch vehicle capable of reaching the Martian surface. A rather rudimentary animation shows a spacecraft that doesn’t look anything like SpaceX’s Starship, at least beyond being vaguely long and pointy.
The academy’s plans also represent a renewed focus on reusability and affordability, a goal that more space programs are starting to embrace beyond SpaceX and NASA.
SpaceX has been a pioneer when it comes to recovering and reusing rocket stages, particularly when it comes to its workhorse Falcon 9 rocket.
Russia’s space corporation Roscosmos also showed off designs for a reusable rocket dubbed Amur in July 2020 that looked like a much clearer copy-paste job, this time of SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket.
“It’s a step in the right direction, but they should really aim for full reusability by 2026,” Musk tweeted at the time.
NASA’s new chief Bill Nelson has recently begun to study UFOs after the US government showed a serious interest in them. He personally does not believe that the UFOs are extraterrestrial and if that was the case then he would know.
Eventually, he stated that people cannot rule out the other possibility as well. NASA has been exploring space for a long time and there are chances that they have found a sign of aliens but hiding it from the public. There are someNASA legendssuch as Gordon Cooper, Edgar Mitchell and Story Musgrave, who are firm believers of UFOs.
Donna Hare
NASA conspirators have a full assurance that the US space agency has been covering the evidence of UFOs since the first Apollo mission. Donna Hare claimed to have worked for NASA contactor Philco Ford in the early 1970s. She had a high-security clearance to walk in NASA’s photo lab and other departments.
During the Disclosure Project press conference, Hare revealed that NASA covered up and eliminated space anomalies such as UFOs from the satellite photos. Hare has got several awards in the space programs. She dedicated most of her time as a technical illustrator in space programs. She created lunar maps, landing slides and had been working 15 years as a sub-contractor for NASA.
With a half-earth in the background, the lunar module “Eagle,” carrying Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin, approached the Apollo command module manned by Michael Collins after Messrs. Armstrong and Aldrin walked on the moon. Image credit: NASA
She claimed to have access to a place known as “Building Eight,” from where she made contacts with high-ranking officials. Once, she walked into a restricted area which was NASA’s photo lab. She noticed the lab had photographs (mosaic) of the Moon taken from satellites. She was with a friend who pointed at one of the photographs and surprisingly, she saw a round white dot.
“I said to him what is that. Is that a dot on the emulsion? Then he’s grinning and he says dots on the emulsion don’t leave shadows on the ground. There was a round shadow at the correct angle.
I looked at him and I was pretty startled because I’d worked out there several years and never seen anything like this never heard of anything like this and I said is this a UFO and he’s smiling at me and he says I can’t tell you,” Hara said. She knew what he meant but could not tell. He said that their work was to airbrush them before putting into the public domain.
According to her, NASA had a protocol to alter the satellite images, and workers who were assigned to this program were put in quarantine. She was told by one of the sources that during one of the moon landings, three UFOs had landed. Subsequently, there was a codeword “Santa Claus” for these crafts.
No one was allowed to talk about these in public, otherwise they would face serious consequences after retirement. She remembered that one person from that secret program told her that every astronaut had seen those crafts during their space missions. She had never seen that man again but got his name which was given to Ufologist Dr. Steven Greer in a hope that he would find him.
Sergeant Karl Wolfe
Former US Air Force Sergeant Karl Wolfe, who died in a bike accident in 2018, was another person who shared a similar story. He also had top-secret clearance and worked at Langley Air Force base in Virginia, the USA.
Karl worked as a precision electronics photograph repairer for Nasa’s Lunar Orbiter Project. One day, he was taken into a lab by another worker who showed him a photo of artificial buildings at the lunar base. His death remains a mystery as many believe that he was killed for exposing top-secret documents.
Major Robert Orel Dean
Karl was not the only whistleblower whose death seems mysterious. Former U.S. Army Command Sgt. Major Robert Orel Dean claimed that when he worked for NATO in France, he read a document titled “The Assessment” in the 1960s. According to him, the document consisted the information about “photos of dead aliens, crashed UFOs and reports by military pilots and scientists.” Coincidently, he also died a week before Karl’s death in 2018.
Remember how we had “alien invasion” on our 2020 bingo card? Well, we might just be able to check off that box. On Dec. 29, at roughly 8:30 p.m. local time, eyewitnesses on the Hawaiian island of Oahu spotted an unidentified flying object in the night sky, prompting several 911 calls. As reported by Hawaii News Now, the UFO, which was caught on video, had a glowing blue oblong form, described by one onlooker as “larger than a telephone pole.” It sailed across the sky for several miles before crashing silently into the sea.
One witness, identified by Hawaii News Now as a woman named Moriah, saw a second UFO — this one with a whitish hue. “The white one was smaller. Was coming in the same direction as the blue one,” Moriah told Hawaii News Now. It disappeared from her sight as it flew over a neighboring town.
Local police reported the UFO sightings to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), in the event there was a downed aircraft, but the FAA said that no planes had disappeared from radar in the area, nor were any deemed overdue or missing.
But don’t go putting on your tinfoil hat just yet. These sightings are not likely extraterrestrial in nature, as is the case with most UFOs. In fact, some internet sleuths have already proffered a plausible explanation: The floating blue object bears resemblance to an LED kite, as demonstrated in this video by fact-checking Twitter account UFO of Interest.
So, as it turns out, 2020 just wasn’t the year for aliens, but who knows what 2021 will bring.
It’s hard to conceptualize the bizarre quantum behavior of subatomic particles, which are often too tiny, fleeting, and counterintuitive to conceptualize on any tangible scale. But new research bucks that trend, suggesting that an unusual quantum phenomenon could have a serious impact to biological structures — even causing point mutations in molecules of DNA.
The upshot is that the hydrogen bonds that link together two spiraling strands of DNA are prime for an unusual quantum process called proton tunneling, according to research published by University of Surrey scientists last month in the journal Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics.
Proton tunneling happens when a proton seemingly vanishes and reappears elsewhere on the other side of a physical or energetic barrier. Protons are massive compared to other subatomic particles that exist on the quantum scale, so it’s not as common to see a proton tunnel as it is to see something like an electron tunnel. But it is possible, and when it happens within a DNA molecule, it can essentially move atoms to the wrong place, leading to a mutation in the genetic code.
“Many have long suspected that the quantum world — which is weird, counter-intuitive, and wonderful — plays a role in life as we know it,” lead author and Surrey chemist Marco Sacchi said in a press release. “While the idea that something can be present in two places at the same time might be absurd to many of us, this happens all the time in the quantum world, and our study confirms that quantum tunneling also happens in DNA at room temperature.”
The odds that one of these quantum mutations would lead to medical problems down the line is rare — the paper notes that the DNA molecules are capable of righting themselves in fairly short order. But just like with any other mutation, it is possible that these mutations take hold and propagate through the DNA replication process, potentially causing issues or even increasing the risk of cancer.
“There is still a long and exciting road ahead of us to understand how biological processes work on the subatomic level,” study coauthor and quantum biologist Louie Slocombe said in the release, “but our study — and countless others over the recent years — have confirmed quantum mechanics are at play.”
A mockup of ESA's aspirations for its future Moon Village.
We've all fantasized of visiting somewhere exotic. For most of us, that dream spot is somewhere on Earth. But for some, the ultimate must-see destination isn't on our planet at all.
NASA is currently planning a series of 37 rocket launches, both robotic and crewed, that will culminate with the 2028 deployment of the first components for a long-term lunar base, according to recently leaked documents obtained by Ars Technica. An outpost on the Moon is surely an exciting prospect for both science geeks and prospective solar-system sightseers, but some believe NASA’s timeline is a too ambitious to be realistic.
This cutaway shows the interior of a 3D printed section of ESA's planned Moon Village.
ESA/Foster + Partners
It takes a village
The project, dubbed Moon Village, first made headlines back in 2015, when the newly appointed Director General of the ESA, Johann-Dietrich Woerner, told the BBC about his vision. "A Moon Village shouldn't just mean some houses, a church, and a town hall," he said at the time. "This Moon Village should mean partners from all over the world contributing to this community with robotic and astronaut missions and support communication satellites."
Though Woerner's comments gave the Moon Village concept its initial momentum, since then, much of the cooperation and planning for the lunar outpost has been spearheaded by the Moon Village Association (MVA), a non-governmental organization with about 150 members spread across nearly three dozen countries. Working closely with the ESA, the purpose of MVA is to foster collaboration between nations and organizations spread all over the world — especially in developing countries — to help bring visions of a permanent lunar base to fruition.
Moon Village is not just going to be another International Space Station on the Moon, said Senior Space Policy Adviser and President of the Moon Village Association, Giuseppe Reibaldi, in a presentation. Instead, Moon Village aims to be a collaboratively designed and expandable permanent lunar settlement that can serve as: an innovative research hub for industry and academia alike; an otherworldly destination for commercial travelers; and a proving ground for future crewed bases on Mars and beyond.
"The goal of the organization is to go beyond space, to go beyond the stars," said Reibaldi, "because this is a step for all humanity, and nobody needs to be left out."
Working with the European Space Agency, artist Jorge Mañes Rubio imagined a lunar colony built on the rim of Shackleton Crater, barely noticeable here as just a bright dot.
ESA/Jorge Mañes Rubio. Spatial design & visualization in collaboration with DITISHOE
In addition to copious amounts of available sunlight, at about 2.5 miles (4 kilometers) deep, the floor of Shackleton Crater is constantly cloaked in shadow. This means it’s the perfect place to hide valuable, sunlight-sensitive volatile resources like water-ice. Such a find nearby could provide residents of Moon Village with drinking water, breathable air, and a potential source of rocket fuel, as long as we have the means to unlock it.
Designing a Moon base
According to the plan, Moon Village will be built in incremental steps. First, individual landers will descend to the lunar surface near Shackleton Crater, at which point they'll each deploy inflatable modules. These modules, which are expected to be up to four-stories tall, would eventually serve as workspaces, residential areas, scientific labs, industrial sites, and environmental habitats.
The inflatable modules, however, cannot effectively shield humans from harmful radiation, temperature swings, or micrometeorite strikes. So, the ESA and MVA are currently working with private industries to design robots that can 3D print a protective shell around each structure using readily available regolith taken from the lunar surface.
Researchers estimate it should take a pair of such robots about three Earth months to construct a solid dome around an inflatable module. And as more of these habitats are built, they will be networked together through a series of pressurized walkways connected to airlocks at each module.
Making it happen
Europe, NASA, and even China are all currently working toward the goal of establishing a long-term presence on the Moon. But the reality is that no matter who gets credit for building the first reliable lunar settlement, it will likely one day morph into a massive international collaboration unlike anything humans have ever seen.
With the ESA and MVA spending time thoughtfully considering the best approaches for building an expandable, adaptable, and most of all permanent lunar base, Moon Village is definitely worth keeping an eye on.
Secret Underwater Military Base: Diego Garcia - A Black Project Military Base With Secrets To Hide (video)
Secret Underwater Military Base: Diego Garcia - A Black Project Military Base With Secrets To Hide (video)
Guantanamo Bay in Cuba is the most famous, less known is the camp in Bagram, Afghanistan. And almost nothing is known about Diego Garcia…
Diego Garcia is a 17 sq. mile horseshoe-shaped atoll in the Indian Ocean’s Chagos Archipelago. It has a tropical climate with thick jungles and white sand beaches.
The island’s value is its strategic location between East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia, making it a vital asset for supplying US naval forces and projecting air power into Asia and the Middle East.
During the Cold War, Britain agreed to lease Diego Garcia to the American military for the construction of a naval base on the island.
To make way for the base some 2,000 native Chagossians were forcibly removed from the island by the British government between 1968 and 1973. The islanders have since sued unsuccessfully for the right to return home.
An estimated 3,000-5,000 military and civilian personnel now live on Diego Garcia, most of them American and British.
The US military base on the island of Diego Garcia (aka Camp Justice aka ) and owned by the UK is one of the most strategically located and secretive U.S. military installations outside the United States.
It is known as a top-secret CIA prison where terror suspects are interrogated and tortured. Diego Garcia’s history includes disclosures by Washington insiders, military strategists, and exiled islanders, as well as hundreds of declassified documents.
Investigators long suspected the island was a clandestine CIA “black site” for high-profile detainees, although actions of the US and UK Military have been so covert that proof is not so easy to find, until now. The official name of the base is British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) Diego Garcia is thought to be the most environmentally pristine atolls in the world. The official name of the military base is Camp Thunder Cove.
“Today, the main island of Diego Garcia is America’s largest military base in the world, outside the US. There are more than 4,000 troops, two bomber runways, thirty warships and a satellite spy station. The Pentagon calls it an “indispensable platform” for policing the world. It was used as a launch pad for the invasions of both Afghanistan and Iraq”.
In 2007, the Pentagon granted a $32 million contract to add a submarine base to the island’s existing dock.
This small cluster of atolls was once home to some 2,000 Chagossians who had lived there for generations. The most populated island is Diego Garcia whose resident islanders lived by working the coconut plantations, farming on small plots of land, and fishing for lobster.
In 1966, the UK and the US implemented a joint military strategy and the archipelago was leased to the US for 50 years, until 2016. The purpose was to build a US military base on Diego Garcia. Although no money was ever received by the UK government, documents reveal that the US gave the UK a $14 million discount on the purchase of missiles.
However, the big problem with this plan was that the islands were already inhabited. The UK government expelled the islanders by force. The 50 year lease expires in 2016, which meant the exiled residents could now return to the island of Diego Garcia.
As if the story could not get any more evil, it took another sinester turn in 2010 when the UK government established a marine protected area (MPA) around the islands claiming that there would cease to be “”human footprints” or “Man Fridays” on the islands moving forward. This has also fostered a rare alliance between environmentalists and the U.S. military.
On the Chagos Reservation Trust website , an organization that is dedicated to the protection of the reserve, it is made clear that human inhabitants are not welcome.
So what are they saying? Are they actually trying to have us believe that an island taken over by the US Military 2 decades ago with an airfield capable of handling nuclear bombers and a seaport where supplies for much of the region are stored aboard pre-positioned ships is suddenly concerned with “human footprint” on the environment? Really?
According to a 2009 classified memo circulated internally in London, an official insisted that the establishment of a marine park — the world’s largest — would in no way impinge on [US Government] use of the archipelago, including Diego Garcia, for military purposes. He said that the former inhabitants would find it difficult, if not impossible, to pursue their claim for resettlement on the islands if the entire Chagos archipelago were a marine reserve.
The summary paragraph of the memo clearly dictates the intent of the MPA which states:
“HMG would like to establish a “marine park” or “reserve” providing comprehensive environmental protection to the reefs and waters of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), a senior Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) official informed Polcouns on May 12. The official insisted that the establishment of a marine park — the world’s largest — would in no way impinge on USG use of the BIOT, including Diego Garcia, for military purposes.
He agreed that the UK and U.S. should carefully negotiate the details of the marine reserve to assure that U.S. interests were safeguarded and the strategic value of BIOT was upheld. He said that the BIOT’s former inhabitants would find it difficult, if not impossible, to pursue their claim for resettlement on the islands if the entire Chagos Archipelago were a marine reserve.”
The Chagossians used the cable for a high court application to order a judicial review of the government’s decision to create the MPA. They argued that the cable revealed the government’s true motives for creating the MPA; to prevent the islanders from returning home.
Keep in mind that British officials forcibly expelled approximately 2,000 Mauritians living in Chagos to make way for American military installations. The UK has stated that the Chagos will be returned to Mauritius once the islands are no longer required for defense purposes. Again the lease expires in 2016.
Regarding the occupation of the US Military’s “footprint”? Does it apply?
The last time I checked, the military was made up of flesh and blood; in other words, ‘men and women’. This “Marine Reserve Concept” is not only utterly absurd, it’s a clear and unfortunate example of how ruling countries misuse their power to force themselves on smaller less powerful countries; and for the record, it’s called stealing. It is also What do the people have to say?
“Great Britain and the United States should do honor to their status as great powers and sit down with us to negotiate a formal, legal transfer of sovereignty.”
In March of 2014 , The Chagos Refugee Group whose mission is to to provide help and support to refugees from Chagos Archipelago in Mauritius and the Seychelles Islands, Crawley and other parts of the United Kingdom and to promote their welfare and protect their interests, publicly addressed the issue by stating:
“For years, Great Britain has repeatedly used its power and influence to stymie the peaceful resolution of this dispute. In 2012, Mauritius announced that it would leave the Commonwealth if necessary in order to take the Chagos issue before the International Court of Justice. But the UK immediately amended its declaration relating to the jurisdiction of the Court so that the ICJ would not have mandatory jurisdiction if a case was brought against it.
In 2010, Britain declared a Marine Protected Area around the archipelago, and in response Mauritius initiated proceedings against the UK under Annex 7 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The African Union and Non-Aligned Movement have expressed unanimous support for Mauritius over the Chagos issue.
Now is the time to do the right thing and begin negotiations over the return of the Chagos Archipelago to its rightful owner, the Republic of Mauritius. The era of colonialism is over. Russia’s actions in Crimea are a searing reminder that the international community will no longer tolerate the forceful subjugation of weaker states by their more powerful neighbors.
Mauritius is acting responsibly, consistent with recognized international norms, to resolve this dispute peacefully. The West has the opportunity to match its words with deeds. Great Britain and the United States should do honor to their status as great powers and sit down with us to negotiate a formal, legal transfer of sovereignty.”
Washington has no interest in being the subject of protracted challenges against the legality of the territory on which it maintains a vital military facility. As a close ally and strategic partner, Mauritius will continue to provide full access and basing rights to the United States on Diego Garcia.
By accepting Mauritian sovereignty, the UK will not prejudice its position with respect to other colonial territories, nor will it prejudice the “defense purposes” by which it justifies its continued occupation of the islands.
Diego Garcia Facts
Diego Garcia is governed by the British UK represents the Territory internationally. Local government does not exist.
The administration is represented in the Territory by the Officer commanding British Forces on Diego Garcia, the “Brit Rep”. (administered by a commissioner, resident in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London)
Laws and regulations are promulgated by the Commissioner and enforced in the BIOT by Brit Rep.
No known regular military forces exist on Diego Garcia(2014)
Short of a major change in how we hold the state accountable, it will continue to conveniently lose evidence showing its part in serious abuses, and our political “watchdogs” will continue to be either unable or too useless to do anything about it.
The lease for the US Military expires in 2016
In 2004, the UK applied for, and received, RAMSAR SITE wetlands conservation status for the lagoon and other waters of Diego Garcia. In other words, the US declared it a wetlands conservatory.
On 1 April 2010, the UK Cabinet declared the Chagos Archipelago a Marine Protected Area (MPA) and prohibited all extractive industry, including fishing and oil and gas exploration. It is unclear whether Diego Garcia is included in the MPA.
The US Military has spent Billions of dollars (to date) on this secret military facility
Defense is the responsibility of the UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016.Diego Garcia is hiding in plain sight.
Note: This is an obvious violation of HUMAN RIGHTS . But the story does not end here. *Why would the UK and US military want to completely isolate these islands by removing all humans and inhabitants under the guise of environmental issues that currently do not even exist in Diego Garcia?
Here is where the story takes a hard left.
Question: What are they really hiding?
Answer: Possible Alien technology: Strange Facilities Under the Sea on the island of Diego Garcia.
Diego Garcia harbors more than one secret, some reports claim that the military is harboring an underwater base that allegedly utilizes alien technology.
There seems to be photographic evidence of the existence of under water bases as well.
A Popular Mechanics investigation TRACKED DOWN SOME OF THE MOST INTERESTING ACTIVE MILITARY FACILITIES AND SPOKE WITH BRAD SCHULZ, VICE PRESIDENT OF FEDERAL ARCHITECTURE AT HNTB.
“There’s a certain amount of logistical difficulty” with ultra-remote facilities like Diego Garcia, and shipping materials can be costly. Diego Garcia’s remoteness, though, allows it to be a key hub for tracking satellites, and it is one of five monitoring stations for GPS. Additionally, the island is one of only a handful of locations equipped with a Ground-based Electro-Optical Deep Space Surveillance system for tracking objects in deep space. As an atoll, the land itself is rather oddly shaped, too. From end to end, Diego Garcia is 34 miles long, but its total area is only 11 square miles.” ~Shultz
Evidence to support Schultz’s statement includes Diego Garcia’s affiliation with the 22d Space Operations Squadron (22 SOPS) which develops, publishes, executes, and enforces the network operations tasking order, as well as operating and maintaining worldwide remote tracking stations and associated communications systems comprising the Air Force Satellite Control Network (AFSCN).
It additionally coordinates launch and on-orbit operations of Department of Defense and other national agencies’ satellites in support of war fighters, the President, and the Secretary of Defense.
In addition, the base is supported by the 18th Space Control Squadron (18 SPCS) which is a a space surveillance unit, and lastly, the squadron supports NASA‘s space mission.
Could this be the location in which many of the Underwater UFO’s or USO’s (Unidentified Submerged Object) have been stored and from whence some of the USO sightings are originating ?
Note:One of the private contractors for Diego Garcia Military complex is a manufacturer by the name of Alion Science. Interesting name isn’t it?
December 04, 2014 Alion Awarded $4.5M Contract to Support Air Force Research Laboratory with Research and Development of Software-Based, Wireless Communications Systems
September 30, 2014 Alion Awarded $34 Million Navy Contract to Support Platforms, Sensors and Launch Systems
July 30, 2014 Alion Launches Risk Assessment Solution for the Chemical Industry Based on Technology Developed for DHS
NOTE: Birth of the Black Budget
“In 1947, the National Security Act created the National Security Council, the Central Intelligence Organization (CIA) and consolidated the US military into one entity, the Department of Defense (DoD). One of the issues that remained unresolved from the creation and operation of the CIA was the extent to which its budget and intelligence activities would remain a secret. According to Article 1, sec. 9, of the US Constitution,
“No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time.”
This constitutional requirement conflicted with the need for secrecy concerning Congressional appropriations for the CIA. The solution was for Congress to pass legislation approving the secrecy over the funding mechanisms used for the CIA and its intelligence related activities.
The necessary bill was passed with great haste and minimal debate causing considerable concern among those few Congressmen brave enough to openly challenge the constitutionality of the Act. Congressman Emmanuel Celler of New York voted for the bill but protested:
“If the members of the Armed Services Committee can hear the detailed information to support this bill, why can’t the entire membership? Are they the ‘Brahmins’ and we the ‘ untouchables’?
If you’ve got the money, the time, the power and the ingenuity at your fingertips, why not take over an island of your own? In the privacy of your own home, you could build an off world craft using reverse engineering, fly back and forth to the moon with your friends and family, and no one would ever know! You could call it BS, Baracuda Space.(Or in this case, Diego Garcia.)
The on going targeting of extraterrestrial vehicles by exotic weapons systems is certainly a major cause for concern, so play nice kids!
Diego Garcia Facts: Seven Things You Didn’t Know:
Diego Garcia is technically part of the UK, located on the content of Asia and part of the British Indian Ocean Territory. The US were granted permission to use the island as a military base in 1966 in exchange for cancelling a $14 million British debt for a military hardware purchase. Diego Garcia is now home to around 4,000 military personnel and support staff in 654 buildings.
Diego Garcia is the site of an ancient volcano. However, it has now been reduced to a horseshoe-shaped coral reef, with a perimeter of approximately 40 miles and a maximum elevation of 22 feet. It stretches for 15 miles, north to south, and about 35 miles from tip to tip of its horseshoe shape.
According to the 2009 book ‘Island of Shame’, when the US Navy took control of Diego Garcia it forcibly removed its 2,000 inhabitants, sending them to Mauritius and the Seychelles, where they were left on the docks, with no money and no housing, to fend for themselves. Prior to their departure their pet dogs were rounded up and gassed, their bodies were burned in front of their eyes.
As well as the network of GPS satellites, there are just five ground antennas the world that assist the operation of the Global Positioning System, and one of those antennas is located on Diego Garcia.
Retired United States Army General Barry McCaffrey twice made claims that Diego Garcia is the site of a secret US prison camp.
These rumours could be routed in claims of credible evidence exists supporting allegations that ships serving as black sites have used Diego Garcia as a base. However, in 2004, the British Foreign Secretary Jack Straw stated that US government had repeatedly assured him that no detainees had passed in transit or been held on Diego Garcia.
.The island was a major launch pad for the US attacks on Afghanistan and Iraq. The island is home to some of the US’s most deadly planes, including B-52s, B-1Bs and B-2 bombers. In 2007, the Pentagon granted a $32 million contract to add a submarine base to the island’s existing dock.
Conspiracy theorist made wild claims, that missing Malaysian flight MH370 was landed on the more than adequate runway of Diego Garcia. A freelance journalist claims to have received a photo via text message from an MH370 passenger calling himself Phillip Wood. Data contained with in the black iPhone photo contained GPS information which placed Wood on the island.
The internet was quick to quash these claims offering the more likely explanation that the photo is a fake. The question of whether the plane was landed on the island was asked in a White House press conference, press secretary Jay Carney simply answered “I’ll rule that one out.”
When the elite of the World start preparing for doomsday, that is a very troubling sign. And right now the elite appear to be quietly preparing for disaster like never before.
Hey check this out. Thanks to Mars hunter Whatsupinthesky, we have a shocking photo of the environmental damage NASA is committing on Mars. The Mars rover was taking photos as usual and right smack dab in the middle of one of its photos is an old part that fell off the rover. This was taken a few days ago. This rover is the Mars Perseverance and it took the photo on Sol 353. Its obvious that this structure came off the rover or was dumped off because its no longer useful. But littering on an Mars? Dumping our crap on other planets? What if other intelligent species see this? They will think we are destroying the Earth and will do the same to all planets we visit. Not at all ethical or moral of NASA to do that. Mars is not ours...the moon is not ours...its theirs. The universe is a first come first served kinda place. And humanity sits on a planet thats only 3.4 billion years old and other aliens come from planets 4-13 billion years. We are late to enter the game. I'm sure NASA would shrug it off and say, "hey...its just garbage."
It looks like I'm on somebody's list in the government. I'm on Wikileaks...a site that discloses secret documents and data of the US government so that the public can learn about it. It's about a UFO article on Before Its News site a few years back, and the email is addressed to a US gov spy (think tank) news site that pretends to gather world news info for the public, but really gathers it for the US government intel. I know this because this news site https://www.stratfor.com is in a lot of documents in Wikileaks...including to Hillary Clinton and many US presidents. So...big brother is watching. Lets hope those poor saps are learning from all this UFO and alien intel they are gathering, so it will make the change from within the government. Scott C. Waring
UFO Crash, Castle, Egyptian Face Found On Sandwich Islands, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Crash, Castle, Egyptian Face Found On Sandwich Islands, UFO Sighting News.
Date of discovery:Feb 18, 2022
Location of discovery: Sandwich Islands
Google earth coordinates:
UFO 54°39'43.26"S 36°11'41.58"W
Buildings 54°41'46.19"S 36° 7'21.69"W
Face 54°36'50.77"S 36°10'38.34"W
Hey I found a few things near Antarctica yesterday. They are located on the Sandwich Islands. I used Google Earth to find them and you have to follow my instructions to go to the 2010 date to see the correct images, because todays images are so white nothing can be seen. It seems that Google wanted to hide some things this way, but they forgot the older images.
I found an object which looks like a crashed UFO. It left a long trail, so either its crashed or its landed and moved...created the trail. I also found some structures. One looks like half of Noahs Ark on top of the hill near the UFO. Just a few meters from it is this church structure. Also there is a huge castle complex area a few km away. This castle area is all made by local rocks used as building material. It has a stone fence around it, a small pyramid, some smaller fenced areas and something that looks like an old landed blimp. On last object I found was a cat face with an Egyptian pharaoh head cover.
All in all, these objects point to ancient life once existing on this island long ago on the mountain tops. Ancient aliens...existed and do exist on Earth.
The global climate is warming, and Earth’s polar regions are feeling the effects. A new study of the South Orkney Islands shows that the region has warmed significantly since the 1950s. The rise in warming in the South Orkneys exceeds the overall global warming.
As the islands warm, plant life is spreading.
The South Orkney Islands lie about 600 km (375 miles) northeast of the Antarctica Peninsula’s tip. Britain and Argentina both lay claim to the group of islands. Both nations maintain research stations in the South Orkneys: Argentina has one on Laurie Island and Britain has one on Signy Island.
A study based on Signy Island data going back to the 1950s shows that the climate is warming and that the spread of vascular plants in the warming conditions is turning more of the island green, especially since 2009. The study is “Acceleration of climate warming and plant dynamics in Antarctica,” published in the journal Current Biology. The lead author is Nicoletta Cannone from the Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Dip. Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Italy.
While the South Orkneys are separated from Antarctica by about 600 km, they’re still in a polar climate. About 90% of the islands were glaciated as of 2009, and the summers are very short and very cold. Ice-covered seas surround the South Orkneys seas from late April to November.
But the new study shows that things are changing in these remote islands. According to the paper, the two species of vascular plants on Signy Island responded to the climate change acceleration with a “striking advance,” according to the report.
“This is the first evidence in Antarctica for accelerated ecosystem responses to climate warming, confirming similar observations in the Northern Hemisphere.”
From “Acceleration of climate warming and plant dynamics in Antarctica” by Cannone et al. 2022
The warming hasn’t been a continuous trend. There was one period of pronounced cooling in the years since the study began. The study points out that “… a short but intense cooling occurred from the Antarctic Peninsula to the South Orkney Islands…” between 1999 and 2016.
But air temperature warming resumed in 2012 on Signy Island, accelerating the expansion of the two vascular plant species. “We also hypothesize that the “pulse” climatic event of the strong air cooling detected in 2012 did not appear to influence the vegetation community dynamics on this island,” the authors write. “The lack of negative impacts of the strong pulse cooling event in 2012 on both species could be explained by their ability to perform photosynthesis at low ambient temperatures.”
This figure from the study shows the Summer Air Temperature at Signy Island. Blue dots are SAT between 1960 and 2011, and orange dots are SAT between 2012 and 2018. Image Credit: Cannone et al. 2022.
Other research shows that the same type of accelerated ecosystem responses from climate warming occurs in the Arctic. A 2018 research article reported that plants are increasing their northern range in the Arctic and getting taller. A 2020 paper showed that the warming climate creates terrestrial algae blooms in Antarctica. But the authors of this paper say theirs is the first research to document the advance of vascular plants in the Antarctic. They also say that ongoing climate change will significantly affect the region.
“This is the first evidence in Antarctica for accelerated ecosystem responses to climate warming, confirming similar observations in the Northern Hemisphere,” they explain in their paper. “Our findings support the hypothesis that future warming will trigger significant changes in these fragile Antarctic ecosystems.”
There are two species of vascular plants native to Signy Island. One is D. antarctica, a flowering plant known as Antarctic Hair Grass. The other is C. quitensis, another flowering plant that’s also called Antarctic Pearlwort.
This figure from the study shows how climate warming resumed at Signy Island after the 2012 cooling and accelerated the expansion of D. antarctica and C. quitensis. D1 through D5 represent plant sites of increasing density. D1 is the least dense site, and D5 is the densest site. Image Credit: Cannone et al. 2022.
“In the almost six decades up to 2018, D. antarctica exhibited a very large increase in the number of sites of occurrence, which doubled between 1960 and 2009 and then again between 2009 and 2018,” the authors write. C. quitensis expanded even more. “Colobanthus quitensis also showed a large expansion, even more so than D. antarctica in the last decade, involving both the number of sites of occurrence and their extent…” the paper says.
The number of sites with D. antarctica doubled between 1960 and 2009. Then it doubled again between 2009 and 2018. C. quitensis expanded even more than D. antarctica in the last decade.
This figure from the study illustrates the spread of both vascular plants native to Signy Island going back to 1960. The top row is D. antarctica, and the bottom row is C. quitensis. From the paper: “Distribution of D. antarctica and C. quitensis in 1960 (yellow dots) (A and D), 2009 (B and E), and 2018 (C and F) (green and magenta dots) in relation with the patterns of Holocene deglaciation and glacier boundaries and indicating the occurrence (magenta dots) or absence (green dots) of marine vertebrate disturbance in 2009 and 2018. Legend: dark blue, glacier boundaries as recorded in 2016; blue, glacier boundaries during the Little Ice Age; pale blue, terrains deglaciated between 6600 years BP and the Little Ice Age; white, terrains deglaciated before 6600 years BP.” Image Credit: Cannone et al. 2022.
The warming climate isn’t the only factor in this study. The image above shows areas of marine vertebrate disturbance. That refers to fur seals that inhabit the island. “In the last decade, the impact of fur seal disturbance on both species decreased, becoming almost negligible,” the authors explain. “During the last decade, both species expanded in response to air temperature warming and release from the limitation of animal disturbance.”
Climate change doubters might think they’ve found ammunition here. Some people might want to emphasize the reduction in animal disturbance as a factor in plant spread and downplay the effect of climate warming. The researchers don’t discount reduced animal disturbance, but it’s a secondary factor. “We also hypothesize that the accelerated population expansion of D. antarctica and C. quitensis could result from a combination of climate warming and the recently reduced impacts of animal disturbance. This hypothesis is compatible with observations in the Northern Hemisphere, in particular in Europe, where land-use change correlates with vegetation change but, as here, the primary driver of these responses was climate warming,” they write.
These are the two vascular plants native to Signy Island. On the left is D. antarctica and on the right is C. quitensis. Image Credit: L: By Lomvi2 – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10372682. Image Credit: R: By Liam Quinn – Flickr: Antarctic Pearlwort, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15525940
What does increased native planet growth due to a warming climate mean for the future of the Antarctic? On the surface of it, there could be some benefits. Increased plant growth removes more CO2 from the atmosphere through photosynthesis. “Such climate warming may benefit some and possibly many native Antarctic terrestrial species and communities in isolation…” the researchers write in their paper’s summary.
But it’s not just native plants that will benefit. They’ve exploited their cold niche for a long time, and other plant species haven’t gained a foothold on Signy Island. That could change, and the change could be disruptive.
Climate warming “… will also lead to increased risks from non-native species establishment. These may outcompete native species and trigger irreversible biodiversity loss and changes to these fragile and unique ecosystems,” they say in conclusion.
A Colossal Flare Erupted From the Far Side of the Sun
A Colossal Flare Erupted From the Far Side of the Sun
Earlier this week the Sun erupted with a huge explosion, blasting solar particles millions of kilometers into space. The team for the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter spacecraft says the blast is the largest solar prominence eruption ever observed in a single image together with the full solar disc.
Luckily for us here on Earth, the eruption on February 15, 2022 occurred on the farside of the Sun, the side facing away from our planet. But ESA and NASA predict geomagnetic storms are possible in the next few days as the active region on the Sun responsible for the blast turns toward us.
The event was captured by several spacecraft, including Solar Orbiter and STEREO A.
A solar prominence consists of red-glowing loops of plasma, structured by tangled magnetic field lines generated by the Sun’s internal dynamo. An erupting prominence occurs when such a structure becomes unstable and bursts outward, releasing the plasma. They are often associated with outbursts of charged particles called coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which if directed towards Earth, can wreak havoc with our space-based technology.
Evidence of that came last week when SpaceX lost up to 40 of their recently launched 49 Starlink internet satellites after several CMEs erupted. The solar particles affected Earth’s atmosphere, making it difficult for the satellites to maintain their orbits. In a statement on February 8, SpaceX said “the escalation speed and severity of the storm caused atmospheric drag to increase up to 50 percent higher than during previous launches.”
The Sun has definitely increased in activity the past few months, and this latest event on February 15 zapped two “sungrazer’ comets that came close to the Sun.
Other space missions were also able to observe the event, including the SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) spacecraft. Here’s a side-by-side comparison of Solar Orbiter and SOHO’s view:
Spaceweather.com is always a good source for finding updates on solar activity and any alerts of impending events.
This video from NASA Goddard is a good explainer of solar events and activity.
New Linda Moulton Howe: "Tall Whites" and "Nordic" E.T.s - What’s the Difference?
New Linda Moulton Howe: "Tall Whites" and "Nordic" E.T.s - What’s the Difference?
Topics: “Tall Whites” and “Nordic” E. T.s – What’s the Difference? Remote viewer and astral projector Buddy Bolton from the Bronx, New York, took on the challenge to “see more” about the two alien civilizations in Earth’s Milky Way Galaxy neighborhood that are described by some military, aerospace and scientist whistleblowers as friendly allies to Earth humans. So why isn’t Earth introduced to them publicly?
Western Drought worst in 12 centuries – Climate scientists use tree ring data to determine 2000-2021 driest in last 1200 years. – Drought in southwest US “will continue for at least 25 years” Mystery in Wales, UK – hundred of dead birds fall from the sky – “hundreds of starling birds all died and fell to the ground” – One witness saw a big flash of light. Another heard a loud electrical bang – Strange birds deaths near Chihuahua, Mexico a week before Interview with remote viewer, Buddy Bolton – predicts huge solar flare in 2024, causing magnetic storm on level or Carrington Event – predicts 2036 solar mini-nova
- “At least 2 extraterrestrial special helping us in space program” – “Tall Whites” and “Tall Nordics” Nordics – Nordics are 6 1/2 to 7 feet tall, blonde, light coloured eye, pragmatic – “Friendly to us” – “longer heads”…”much more athletic, more militaristic” Tall whites – “Tall whites” physically very similar – “very protective of their technology”..”exceedingly wise”…”more advanced technology” – “500-1000 years more sophisticated” – “3 bases in the Unites States”…South America, Russia near large underwater lake – “they can be over 700 years old” – “they have their own base on Ganymede”
What do you think? Let us know in the comments. Hope everyone has a great weekend.
An asteroid that was discovered in the 19th century has now been identified as the first quadruple system ever detected.
Named 130 Elektra, astronomers have found that the 160 mile-wide space rock has three smaller companion moons.
It is not unheard of for asteroids to have satellite bodies accompanying them — of the 1,100,000 discovered, over 150 of them are known to have at least one moon — but it is not always easy to spot them.
Elektra was first detected in the asteroid belt between Jupiter and Mars in 1873.
However, it was not until 130 years later that its first moon was spotted, and it took until 2014 to see evidence of the second.
An asteroid named 130 Elektra has been identified as the first quadruple system ever detected. Astronomers found that the 160 mile-wide space rock has three smaller companion moons
Pictured is an artist's impression of 130 Elektra and its three moons. The space rock was first detected in the asteroid belt between Jupiter and Mars in 1873
WHERE IS THE 130 ELEKTRA ASTEROID?
The space rock 130 Elektra is 160 miles wide and was first detected in the asteroid belt between Jupiter and Mars in 1873.
It has been classified as a G-type asteroid in the Tholen system.
The asteroid has now been identified as the first quadruple system ever detected.
A team of astronomers led by Anthony Berdeu, of the National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, found that Elektra has three smaller companion moons.
They have been named S/2003 (130) 1, S/2014 (130) 1 and S/2014 (130) 2.
Elektra was discovered on 17 February 1873 by astronomer Christian Peters at Litchfield Observatory, New York, and named after Electra, an avenger in Greek mythology.
The reason they are so hard to spot is because asteroids are only small and dimly lit, so any smaller orbiting body is fainter and likely to be greatly outshone by its parent asteroid.
Not only that, but the closer the moon is to the asteroid the harder it is to see, in much the same way it is hard to spot exoplanets orbiting other stars.
A team of astronomers led by Anthony Berdeu, of the National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, made the discovery.
'Elektra is the first quadruple system ever detected,' the researchers wrote in their paper.
'This new detection … shows that dedicated data reduction and processing algorithms modelling the physics of the instruments can push their contrast limits further.'
Elektra's three moons have been named S/2003 (130) 1, S/2014 (130) 1 and S/2014 (130) 2.
The first is 3.7 miles (6 km) across, and orbits Elektra at an average distance of around 807 miles (1,300km), while the second is just 1.24 miles (2km) across and has an average orbital distance of 310 miles (500km).
The newly-discovered moon is smaller and closer still, measuring 1 miles (1.6km) across and orbiting at an average distance of around 211 miles (340km).
S/2014 (130) 2 orbits around its parent body every 16.3 hours and is 15,000 times fainter than Elektra.
Elektra's three moons have been named S/2003 (130) 1, S/2014 (130) 1 and S/2014 (130) 2
What made the discovery all the more remarkable is that it used the same dataset that allowed astronomers to discover Elektra's second moon.
The team of astronomers took archival data from the SPHERE instrument attached to the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope in Chile to make their observation.
They then ran it through a newly-developed data reduction pipeline to remove noise from the raw data, while also using a series of algorithms to model the extended glow around the asteroid, called a halo, and remove it.
Once this was completed, Elektra's third moon emerged.
'The discovery of the first quadruple asteroid system slightly opens the way for understanding the mechanisms of the formation of these satellites,' the researchers wrote in their paper.
They hope that their research may lead to the discovery of other faint, hard-to-see asteroid moons in the future.
Planets aren’t the only celestial objects with moons – asteroids can have them too. They are usually other, smaller asteroids in orbit around a larger central one. Now, a team of Thai and French astronomers found an asteroid system with three satellites. The new four-body system makes complex gravitational problems like the three-body problem look simple by comparison.
The asteroid with so many hangers-on is known as (130) Elektra. First found in 1873 by Christian Peters, it measured about 200 km in diameter and weighs approximately 7 x 10^18 kg. That’s more than enough mass to capture its three orbiting smaller asteroids, known as S/2003 (130) 1, S/2014 (130) 1, and S/2014 (130) 2 – the most recent discovery was only detailed in a paper published on arXiv on February 10th.
Projected orbits of Elektra’s three moons. Credit – Berdeu et al.
Their designations reflect the year they were first observed, which shows that S/2014(130) 2 sat unobserved in a dataset for over seven years. That dataset was collected by the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch facility (SPHERE), an observing platform on the Very Large Telescope (VLT). The telescope turned its attention to (130) Elektra back in 2014. Over that time, the dataset captured S/2014 (130) 2 one hundred and twenty different times over 22 days. So why was it so hard to find?
There are two answers to that question. First, the total amount of data has to be reduced. Second, even when the data was reduced, the signal for the moon itself was hidden in the larger asteroid’s “halo.” Dr. Anthony Berdeu and his team developed novel algorithms for both that allowed them to tease out the previously indiscernible moon.
Another potential detection of the moon around Elektra in a different data set – this one was collected in 2019. Credit – Berdeu et al
Reducing the amount of data while analyzing it might seem counter-intuitive, but data reduction pipelines are commonplace in spectrography. This is mainly because data sets have optical artifacts derived from other spectra that aren’t necessarily of interest to certain studies. To eliminate these artifacts, Dr. Berdeu and his team utilized a novel data reduction technique for the SPHERE instrument called Projection, Interpolation, Convolution (PIC) and published in a separate paper back in 2020. With this tool, they could eliminate enough spectral artifacts to get a clearer picture of their intended target.
That target was still surrounded by a “halo,” which is another type of spectral artifact that made the asteroid’s surface appear to glow. It also reached far enough out from the asteroid’s surface to engulf S/2014(130) 2, which has a semi-major axis of only 344 kilometers from Elektra’s surface.
Moons can happen anywhere as discussed in this UT video.
So the researchers developed another signal processing algorithm, which attempted to model the physics of the halo, and then remove those modeled light levels from any captured image of the target. Using an algorithm known as a point spread function (PSF), the scientists were able to successfully remove the halo effect from the asteroid, revealing Elektra’s smallest and most closely orbiting satellite.
Hearteningly, this data reduction and halo elimination technique can be used on other asteroid observations as well and can be used well after the data was collected, as evidenced by the seven-year time lag in data analysis. So there might be plenty more multi-body asteroid systems in the asteroid belt that make the orbital mechanics of even a four-body problem look like a piece of cake.
Hitler's UFOs and the Nazis' Most Powerful Weapons
Hitler's UFOs and the Nazis' Most Powerful Weapons
Hitler’s UFO-Alien Connection During World War II When Hitler first stepped onto the world stage with his contrived rhetoric, he was re-writing German mythology and history into a form of propaganda designed to increase German self-worth after Germany’s WWI defeat.
Most people thought he was insane and did not take him seriously at first. However Hitler announced that he was a member of a UFO cult and had an exclusive line of communication with a powerful extraterrestrial group. According to Hitler, these extraterrestrials were the source and power behind his new-found, born-again German ideology.
He explained that Nazi mysticism was the product of their devotion and worship of the Manipulative Extraterrestrials. Many high ranking Nazi members of Hitler’s inner circle declared that they also communicated with the extraterrestrial Nordic gods
David Wilcock: The Cosmic Secret - The Documentary
David Wilcock: The Cosmic Secret - The Documentary
David Wilcock is a professional intuitive consultant who, since reading Richard C. Hoagland’s “The Monuments of Mars” in 1993, has intensively researched ufology, ancient civilizations, consciousness science, and new paradigms of matter and energy. He is the author of a critically acclaimed trilogy of scientific research works, known as the Convergence series, which gives definitive support to the idea that a change in matter, energy and consciousness is now occurring on the Earth and throughout the solar system.
Wilcock has appeared on broadcast television, lectured throughout the United States and Japan, published a variety of magazine articles and appeared on numerous radio talk shows. He is the co-author of the book “The Reincarnation of Edgar Cayce,” now available in bookstores nationwide, and a summary of his latest scientific work appears therein, where a breakthrough case for mass, spontaneous DNA evolution on Earth is unveiled. David is also an accomplished musician and composer within a variety of styles, including jazz-fusion, meditative and world music.
David Wilcock explains on March 19, 2020 during the the World Wide Coronavirus lockdown that it is NOT the end of the world. The lockdowns are to ensure the peoples safety during world wide mass arrests in conjunction with Operation Defender Europe 2020.
Thanks hope you all are staying cool out there. Stay tuned for more updates from BIN News!
Went through a Mars photo a few minutes ago and found some ancient alien artifacts that are 100% proof of intelligent life. However they are very old and erosion took its toll, but they are still there, still existing, still sitting in the last place they were left. As if time stood still. So I found a small broken structure with an orange liquid on its top...that looks like its organic living matter. I also found a face laying on its side. I found a musical instrument that even has the three tuning pegs on each side (six total) for strings, long neck and a body...making it similar to a guitar. Its clearly a hollow body at the bottom of the instrument.
I guess you might ask...what would NASA say about this? Well, you see, thats the thing. NASA can't say anything. If they do acknowledge that ancient artifacts or even life is on Mars, they will be called lier...for hiding it for so long. NASA...a US gov organization could not continue to exist if everyone accused them of lying to he public for the last 50 years. The entire credibility of NASA would be at stake...and lost instantly. Thats why when Turkey said there was water on the moon, NASA came out a few weeks laters and tried to take credit for it. I bet you money, no one out there remembers that! When Russia said they found plankton living in space on the solar panels of the space station...NASA tried to say they were not from space, but from Earths ocean. The lies pile up, day by day, NASA lies grow...and a reckoning will come! Enough is enough!
Wow, serval people recently saw a white orb in hawaii! One said an aviation person reported several F-22 jets alerted to a UFO in the area!
I was watching the live cam in Oahu, Hawaii and caught this small white orb coming out of the clouds, and then it moved straight up. When it exited the cloud, it turned 90 degrees, and went straight up. I thought what I found might be too low of quality and my Youtube subscribers would criticize it for sure, so I was not going to post it on my site. However when I went to Twitter I noticed several other people saying they saw UFOs in Hawaii and they said they saw a white orb! So...here I go again, made a video of what I recorded and taped the original footage to the end of my video for those who need it for TV shows, news or other Youtubers making their own videos of the event.
Hope the video is interesting and please subscribe to my Youtube channel.
White Orbs Over Kilauea Fish Market, Hawaii On Feb 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.
White Orbs Over Kilauea Fish Market, Hawaii On Feb 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Feb 15, 2022 Location of sighting:Kilauea Fish Market, Hawaii, USA
Look at this amazing capture of a huge white orb over Hawaii a few days ago. A person looked up and caught some raw footage of a white sphere that sat stationary for half an hour. Such UFOs have been seen worldwide in reports and have even followed aircraft in WWII, nicknamed foo fighters. These UFOs always have a color of the clouds...so when they move between the clouds...they are easy to see against a blue sky. This is the second UFO post I made from Hawaii this week. It looks like something big is going to happen in Hawaii soon.
Another person on Twitter responded to him "Lots of people on Kauai claiming to see a UFO tonight… people I’m close to and trust said they saw it too and that the military is aware it’s there and are circling." And then she posted a screenshot of a conversation about some US F-22 military jets sent to intercept a UFO seen on radar off the coast of Princeville, Hawaii. And was seen holding position for at least 40 minutes.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
Can anyone explain what this unidentified flying object is in the sky? It's been stationary for at least 30 minutes and nobody in Hawaii can figure out what it is @NASA #ufo #ufosighting
A year on the Red Planet: NASA's Perseverance rover marks first anniversary of '7 minutes of terror' landing on the Martian surface - that has seen it drive two miles, collect six rock samples, watch 19 helicopter flights and even make oxygen - PART I
A year on the Red Planet: NASA's Perseverance rover marks first anniversary of '7 minutes of terror' landing on the Martian surface - that has seen it drive two miles, collect six rock samples, watch 19 helicopter flights and even make oxygen - PART I
NASA's Perseverance rover landed on the Red Planet on February 18, 2021, following a hair raising descent
Over the past 12 months it has watched the small Ingenuity helicopter fly and produced oxygen from CO2
It has collected six samples of Martian rock and dust, that the rover has then stored in small titanium tubes
These will be collected by a future mission and returned to Earth for analysis by scientists in advanced labs
Perseverance has driven more than two miles in the past year in Jezero crater, while looking for signs of life
NASA's SUV-sized Perseverance rover landed on the surface of the Red Planet a year ago today, on February 18, 2021 following a 'seven minutes of terror' descent.
Soon after arriving in Martian orbit, Perseverance shot like a speeding bullet through the atmosphere at 12,000mph and successfully deployed the sonic parachute which slowed it down to make a soft landing on the surface.
It descended on the parachute, the backshell separated and the sky crane maneuver carried Perseverance to the ground attached to long nylon cables.
Perseverance touched down at the base of an 820ft-deep crater called Jezero, a dried up river delta that would have been filled with water 3.5 billion years ago.
Its first act, and the first part of its mission, was to release the Ingenuity helicopter, the first flying vehicle to take off and land on another planet.
During its year on Mars, Perseverance has been incredibly busy, capturing images of rocks, monitoring the Ingenuity flights, and even creating oxygen from Martian air.
NASA's SUV-sized Perseverance rover landed on the surface of the Red Planet a year ago today, on February 18, 2021 following a 'seven minutes of terror' descent. Artist impression of the landing
Perseverance touched down at the base of an 820ft-deep crater called Jezero, a dried up river delta that would have been filled with water 3.5 billion years ago. Its first act, and the first part of its mission, was to release the Ingenuity helicopter, the first flying vehicle to take off and land on another planet
NASA's Ingenuity helicopter has completed 19 flights on the Red Planet to date, and is now helping scout out locations for Perseverance to study, including checking the safety of terrain
Before it started its mission to find signs of life, Perseverance's first job was one of calibration - phoning home to make sure equipment was working, and testing onboard systems. It also had to deploy the tiny Ingenuity helicopter.
The rotor craft hitched a lift to Mars strapped to the belly of Perseverance, and was dropped off on the surface of Mars in March, with its first launch in April.
Before that, NASA captured panoramic images of the Jezero crater, as well as sending audio back recorded by microphones on Perseverance.
The first audio clip included the sounds of Perseverance grinding and squealing as it slowly moved across the Martian dirt
In the clip, shared by NASA, the rover's six tires can be heard 'banging, pinging and rattling' through the dirt of Jezero crater 239 million miles away from Earth.
NASA released over 75,000 photos within the first hundred days. They also took weather forecasts. The data shows that it was just below -4F on the surface of the Jezero Crater (pictured) when MEDA turned on, but dropped to -14F 30 minutes later
NASA's Perseverance rover is slowly trekking across Mars, but we can now hear its tires rolling in the dirt from 239 million miles away
PERSEVERANCE ROVER COMES WITH 23 CAMERAS
There are 23 cameras mounted to the Perseverance rover including:
Nine engineering cameras, seven science cameras and seven for entry, descent and landing.
The engineering cameras give detailed information in colour about the terrain the rover has to cross.
They measure the ground for safe driving, check out the status of hardware and support sample gathering.
There are Hazcams for hazard detection and Navcams for navigation.
Science cameras record in more detail and can even capture 3D images.
The Mastcam-Z on a 2 metre arm has a zoom feature for focusing on distant objects and can film video.
The Supercam fires a laser at mineral targets beyond the reach of the rovers arm to analysed the chemical composition of the rock.
NASA engineer Dave Gruel said on Earth if you heard those sounds you'd pull over and call for a tow' but on Mars they 'make perfect sense'.
Perseverance, also known as 'Percy,' also shared its first encounter with a dust devil that moved right to left behind its robotic arm as it began driving on the Red Planet.
Early in April, shortly before Ingenuity launched, Perseverance sent back a weather report, finding air temperatures dropped from -4F to -14F in just 30 minutes.
It also took its first selfie, which has become an iconic part of NASA rover missions since Curiosity landed in Gale Crater in 2011.
The two snaps show Perseverance's remote sensing mast, which hosts many of the rover's cameras and scientific instruments.
They were taken with the SHERLOC WATSON camera, located on the turret at the end of the rover's robotic arm.
After several delays, Ingenuity finally took to the Martian sky on April 19, firing up its rotors and lifting itself 10 feet into the air.
Once airborne, it hovered for five seconds, made a 96-degree turn and floated for another 30 seconds before landing back down on the surface.
The flight, according to NASA, was flawless. It was a gentle take off, with a little push by the wind when it climbed higher altitudes, but was very steady with just the tiniest bounce upon landing.
The dusty piece of Martian landscape where NASA achieved this flight has been name the 'Wright Brothers field' in honor of the two men who performed the first flight of a powered aircraft on Earth.
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Bot: WATSON digital image shows part of the Perseverance rover on the Jezero Crater, Mars
The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) system aboard the Perseverance rover captured the surrounded temperatures for 30 minutes February 19 at around 10:25pm ET (pictured)
'While these two iconic moments in aviation history may be separated by time and 173 million miles of space, they now will forever be linked,' NASA Associate Administrator for Science Thomas Zurbuchen said at the time.
Among the glitz of flying on another world, NASA also had another major breakthrough during these first few months - creating Oxygen.
Among a range of science experiments on the rover is MOXIE, a small, gold box-shaped instrument that used electrolysis technology to generate oxygen.
MOXIE, or the Mars Oxygen In-situ Resource Utilization Experiment, produced 5.4 grams of oxygen in an hour by pulling in CO2 and converting it to the life giving chemical during its first test on the Red Planet.
The four-pound helicopter fired up its rotors and lifted itself 10 feet into the air where it hovered for five seconds, made a 96-degre turn and floated for another 30 seconds before landing back on the Martian surface during its first flight
Ingenuity also snapped an image showing the moment before its landing legs touched back down after what is being called a 'Wright Brothers moment'
INGENUITY: THE SMALL ROTORCRAFT THAT TOOK TO THE MARTIAN SKY
Ingenuity was designed as a technology demonstrator rather than carrying any of its own science experiments or equipment.
It rode to Mars attached to the belly of the SUV-size Perseverance rover.
The helicopter took off from the 'Wright Brothers Field' on Monday April 19, making history as the first powered flight on another world.
For the first flight, the helicopter took off, climbed to about 10ft above the ground, hovered in the air briefly, completed a turn, and then landed.
It is built to be light and strong to survive the harsh Martian environment.
It weighs just under 4lb and is only 19 inches tall as it has to fly in the much thinner atmosphere - about 1% that of the atmosphere found on Earth.
It can fly up to 980ft, go up to 16ft in the sky and can spend about 90 seconds in the air before landing.
The rotors are 4ft in diameter and the craft includes solar panels that charge lithium-ion batteries.
It has a 30 day lifespan, with a total of five flights expected in that time.
This version is capable of producing up to 12g of oxygen per hour, or about 288g per day. Astronauts on the ISS consume an average of 840g of O2 every day.
'This is a critical first step at converting carbon dioxide to oxygen on Mars,' said NASA's Jim Reuter, adding it will make future human missions more viable
Soon after the first flight, the Ingenuity launches came thick and fast, with the second a few days later, going higher and performing a tricky sideways tilt.
The fourth flight also gave us audio, captured by Perseverance, of the helicopter's rotors as it soared 262ft above the surface.
While in the air, the helicopter's blades spin at 2,537 rpm and faint humming is heard throughout the audio clip.
Ingenuity's flights are challenging because of conditions vastly different from Earth's - foremost among them a rarefied atmosphere that has less than one per cent the density of our own.
And this hinders the ability to capture clear audio on the Red Planet.
David Mimoun, a professor of planetary science at Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO) in Toulouse, France, and science lead for the SuperCam Mars microphone, said: 'This is a very good surprise.
'We had carried out tests and simulations that told us the microphone would barely pick up the sounds of the helicopter, as the Mars atmosphere damps the sound propagation strongly. We have been lucky to register the helicopter at such a distance.
'This recording will be a gold mine for our understanding of the Martian atmosphere.'
Perseverance entered the science phase of its mission in May, testing the ancient lakebed that makes up Jezero crater using its onboard instruments.
A camera called WATSON on the end of the rover's robotic arm has taken detailed shots of the rocks, with extra data coming from a pair of zoomable cameras.
Perseverance, also known as 'Percy,' shared its first encounter with a dust devil that moved right to left behind its robotic arm
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory tweeted: 'I spy with my little eye…a rover,' sharing the image taken by Ingenuity as it flew above the Martian surface showing the rover in the top left corner, in an image taken from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
The high resolution camera allowed NASA to zoom in and show the SUV-sized Perseverance rover despite it being over 200ft away from the helicopter
WHAT IS MASTCAM-Z USED TO FILM THE INGENUITY FLIGHT
The main purpose of Mastcam-Z, a camera mounted on a mast attached to Perseverance, is to take photos and video in high definition.
It is also able to capture panoramic, colour and 3D images of features in the atmosphere and on the surface.
It has a zoom lens so it can magnify distant targets, making it perfect to track the first Ingenuity flight.
It is mounted at the eye level of a 6 and a half foot tall person with two cameras about 9.5 inches apart.
NASA says it is the 'main eyes' of the Perseverance rover.
The Perseverance team tweeted: 'The time has come: I'm switching from on-scene photographer to science investigator. Did this ancient lakebed ever have life? The tools I brought will help begin the hunt. I'm a bot on a mission.
By its 100th day on Mars, Perseverance had sent back 75,000 photos of the planet, around the time Ingenuity switched from being a simple 'technical demonstration' to its new role as scout.
NASA said this was the point where the 'science can begin', and started with pictures of the rocks on the floor of the crater.
In July, Ingenuity was used to capture photos of an area named 'raised ridges' within the crater, that may have been caused by wind and dust, or possibly water once flowing through the now dry Jezero Crater.
Thanks to Ingenuity, NASA is effectively able to be in 'two in places at once' with its Perseverance mission, both at the Crater Floor Fractured Rough and Ingenuity flying close by.
Perseverance failed in its first attempt to gather a sample of rock from the Red Planet, as the material didn't react as expected during the coring phase.
The percussive drill, coring bit and sample tube processing all worked ‘as intended, but data shows the sample tube was empty following extraction.
After testing, NASA blamed the unusually soft, powdery rock on the surface of Mars for the sampling fiasco that saw Perseverance fail to collect its first specimen.
Perseverance made another attempt at the end of August and was successful.
Future astronauts travelling to the Red Planet can 'breathe easy' after NASA's Perseverance rover made history by creating oxygen from Martian CO2 using this small device attached to Perseverance
NASA released 'surprising' audio captured from its Perseverance rover, which was parked 262 feet from the helicopter as it soared through the thin Martian atmosphere during its fourth flight on April 30
MOXIE: HOW IT WORKS
The oxygen production process starts with carbon dioxide intake.
Inside MOXIE, the Martian CO2 is compressed and filtered to remove any contaminants.
It is then heated, which causes separation into oxygen and carbon monoxide.
The oxygen is further isolated by a hot, charged ceramic component.
The oxygen ions merge into O2.
Carbon monoxide is expelled harmlessly back into the atmosphere.
Preliminary indications are that once the background CO2 was flushed out by the flowing oxygen, the resulting product was nearly 100% pure oxygen.
This first version can produce up to 12g (0.02lb) of oxygen per hour - similar to the amount a large tree produces.
The US space agency tweeted from the Perseverance account: 'I've got it! With better lighting down the sample tube, you can see the rock core I collected is still in there. Up next, I'll process this sample and seal the tube.'
Perseverance's target was a briefcase-sized rock nicknamed 'Rochette' from a ridgeline that is half a mile (900 meters) long.
On August 6, Perseverance had drilled into much softer rock, and the sample crumbled and did not get inside the titanium tube.
The rover drove half a mile to a better sampling spot to try again, finding success the second time around.
Its third attempt was also a success, taking another sample from the same large boulder that gave the first sample - but a week later.
Initial tests from those first two samples, named 'Montdenier' and 'Montagnac,' revealed they have a basaltic composition, which scientists say may have formed from ancient lava flows and could provide a timeline of the ancient lake – from when it formed to when it disappeared.
NASA already knows the crater was once filled with water, but for how long remains a mystery.
But the level of alteration that scientists see in the rock that provided the core samples – as well as in the rock the team targeted on their first sample-acquisition attempt – suggests that groundwater was present for a long time.
A month later, using detailed images from space, in combination with data from rock samples, scientists at MIT revealed Jezero was a quiet lake 3.7 billion years ago, but a flash flood crashed large boulders into the delta.
NASA's Ingenuity helicopter took pictures of the 'Raised Ridges' area on Mars. The ridges may have been caused by wind and dust or possibly water that once flowed in the now-dry Jezero Crater
NASA's Ingenuity helicopter made its seventh successful flight on Mars in June, this time landing in an airfield that had only previously been seen by a Mars orbiter
They found that during its time as a lake the Jezero crater was steadily fed by a small river, with occasional flash flooding events forcing the water to flow over the edge.
This flooding was energetic enough to sweep up large boulders from tens of miles upstream and deposit them into the lakebed, where the massive rocks still lie today.
By November 2021 Perseverance had collected its third rock sample, and Ingenuity had completed its 15th flight - lasting two minutes.
NASA's Perseverance Mars rover used its dual-camera Mastcam-Z imager to capture this image of 'Santa Cruz' a hill about 1.5 miles (2.5 kilometers) away from the rover
The percussive drill, coring bit and sample tube processing all worked ‘as intended, but data shows the sample tube was empty following extraction during the first core sample test. Pictured is the hole Perseverance made to collect core samples
After analysing the initial data, the researchers revealed that the rock sample was softer than expected and didn't make it into the tube
By the end of 2021, Perseverance had driven 1.8 miles, collected six rock samples and set a record for the longest drive in a single Martian day.
Jessica Samuels, Perseverance surface operations mission manager at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, described it as a 'busy 10 months.'
'It has been a year of perseverance. From operating during Covid, to challenges with sampling, to interpreting scientific results, it is a fitting name for the vehicle, and for the team as well.' she said in a video shared by NASA.
The sixth sample of rock proved to be one of the hardest - as parts of it became stuck within the tube socket - causing NASA to develop systems to 'shake it out'.
In this image released by NASA, Perseverance rover shows a sample tube with its cored-rock contents inside; the bronze-coloured outer-ring is the coring bit, the lighter-coloured inner-ring is the open end of the tube, and inside is a rock core sample
In this image released by NASA, the drill hole from Perseverance's second sample-collection attempt can be seen in a rock
ROVER'S FIRST ATTEMPT FAILED DUE TO POWDERY ROCK
NASA's Perseverance rover failed during its first attempt to collect a core of Martian rock, the agency revealed on August 6.
The percussive drill, coring bit and sample tube processing all worked as intended, but data showed the sample tube was empty following extraction.
Jennifer Trosper, project manager for Perseverance at JPL, said in a statement: ‘The initial thinking is that the empty tube is more likely a result of the rock target not reacting the way we expected during coring, and less likely a hardware issue with the Sampling and Caching System.'
Days later, NASA revealed the rock at this particular location was unusually soft and powdery, which was why the operation was not a success.
A year on the Red Planet: NASA's Perseverance rover marks first anniversary of '7 minutes of terror' landing on the Martian surface - that has seen it drive two miles, collect six rock samples, watch 19 helicopter flights and even make oxygen - PART II
A year on the Red Planet: NASA's Perseverance rover marks first anniversary of '7 minutes of terror' landing on the Martian surface - that has seen it drive two miles, collect six rock samples, watch 19 helicopter flights and even make oxygen - PART II
NASA's Perseverance rover landed on the Red Planet on February 18, 2021, following a hair raising descent
Over the past 12 months it has watched the small Ingenuity helicopter fly and produced oxygen from CO2
It has collected six samples of Martian rock and dust, that the rover has then stored in small titanium tubes
These will be collected by a future mission and returned to Earth for analysis by scientists in advanced labs
Perseverance has driven more than two miles in the past year in Jezero crater, while looking for signs of life
NASA's SUV-sized Perseverance rover landed on the surface of the Red Planet a year ago today, on February 18, 2021 following a 'seven minutes of terror' descent.
Soon after arriving in Martian orbit, Perseverance shot like a speeding bullet through the atmosphere at 12,000mph and successfully deployed the sonic parachute which slowed it down to make a soft landing on the surface.
PART II
On December 29, while retrieving a sample from a rock, its sixth so far, NASA engineers found they couldn't get the rock to go into the storage area.
This was due to a pebble-sized piece of debris obstructing the robotic arm, blocking the entrance to the tube docking area - nearly a month later, this has been solved.
NASA used an untested 'un-choking procedure', that involved pointing the drill containing a clogged test tube towards the ground and rotating it at high speed.
This caused the pebbles to fall out, and land back on the surface of the Red Planet, even preserving the tube for use in another sampling mission.
Perseverance hit the same rock, named 'issole' again in January, to finally get a sample of Mars, finding the rock covered in 'drill and abrasion marks' that resemble a shocked face.
'This rock almost looked surprised that I was coming back! Thankfully, I was able to collect another sample here to replace the one I discarded earlier,' NASA tweeted from the Perseverance account on January 31.
'This may be one of the oldest rocks I sample, so it could help us understand the history of this place.'
It has been storing these samples in titanium, germ, free tubes inside its casing, but will eventually release them on the surface to be collected by a future rover.
NASA aims to gather at least 20 samples with a variety of material that can be brought back to Earth for further analysis.
NASA has teamed up with the European Space Agency (ESA) for the follow up mission to retrieve the samples, with at least two crafts expected for the project.
NASA's Perseverance rover finally 'spit out' a piece of Mars rock that had clogged its main sampling tube, allowing it to continue searching for ancient signs of life
NASA 's Perseverance rover has finally taken its sixth successful sample of rock from the Martian surface, after managing to shake off pebbles stuck in its tubes
The sample tubes that Perseverance will be placing rock and soil samples into are the 'cleanest things ever created on Earth'.
This is because NASA wants to check whether they contain ancient Martian life and so it had to be created so they wouldn't be contaminated by Earth DNA.
Lockheed Martin won the contract to develop a small ascent vehicle, that will be the first rocket to blast off from another planet - likely by the end of this decade.
When in space, it will dock with a European Space Agency spacecraft, that will bring the samples back to Earth for scientists to study up close and personal.
That is if Elon Musk doesn't make it to Mars and back first. The world's richest man, and founder of SpaceX, hopes to have an uncrewed Starship on Mars by 2026, and a crew by the end of this decade.
NASA and China are both planning to send a crew of astronauts to the Red Planet at some point in the 2030s, although no firm details have been revealed.
NASA MARS 2020: PERSEVERANCE ROVER AND INGENUITY HELICOPTER ARE SEARCHING FOR LIFE ON THE RED PLANET
NASA's Mars 2020 mission was launched to search for signs of ancient life on the Red Planet in a bid to help scientists better understand how life evolved on Earth in the earliest years of the evolution of the solar system.
Named Perseverance, the main car-sized rover is exploring an ancient river delta within the Jezero Crater, which was once filled with a 1,600ft deep lake.
It is believed that the region hosted microbial life some 3.5 to 3.9 billion years ago and the rover will examine soil samples to hunt for evidence of the life.
Nasa's Mars 2020 rover (artist's impression) is searching for signs of ancient life on Mars in a bid to help scientists better understand how life evolved on our own planet
The $2.5 billion (£1.95 billion) Mars 2020 spaceship launched on July 30 with the rover and helicopter inside - and landed successfully on February 18, 2021.
Perseverance landed inside the crater and will slowly collect samples that will eventually be returned to Earth for further analysis.
A second mission will fly to the planet and return the samples, perhaps by the later 2020s in partnership with the European Space Agency.
This concept art shows the Mars 2020 rover landing on the red planet via NASA's 'sky-crane' system
A year on Mars: How NASA’s Perseverance hit a geological jackpot
A year on Mars: How NASA’s Perseverance hit a geological jackpot
The rover collected exciting rock samples on the first leg of its epic journey. Next, it will turn towards an ancient river delta to look for past life.
During its first Earth year on Mars, the Perseverance rover has used its sampling arm to collect rock cores and explore the red planet's geochemistry.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Sincelanding on Mars one year ago, NASA’s Perseverance rover has travelled more than 3 kilometres across rocky terrain, recorded the first flight on the planet by a helicopter and collected six precious rock samples that — if all goes well — will one day be returned to Earth, along with many more, for study.
Perseverance touched down in Jezero Crater, just north of the Martian equator, on 18 February 2021 with the goal of searching for signs of past life. Researchers intended the US$2.7-billion rover to look for these signs in an ancient delta, where a river that once flowed into the crater deposited sediments and rocks — an environment that could have supported life. But the rover hasn’t reached it yet.
Image source: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Instead, Perseverance has spent the year rolling around the bottom of the crater, making a host of surprising discoveries — one of which is that Jezero’s floor is made of igneous rocks. These formed as molten rock cooled and solidified billions of years ago. Some researchers had thought that the crater floor would be made of sedimentary rock, created as wind or water deposited layers of sediment over time. But the rover found a different history for the landscape.
Igneous rocks are important because scientists can analyse the radioactive decay of elements inside them to determine how old the rocks are. If and when Perseverance’s samples come back to Earth, researchers will be able to date rocks from specific places on the surface of Mars for the first time.
Before the rover landed, mission scientists didn’t know they were going to hit an igneous jackpot. “Jezero delivered,” says Katie Stack Morgan, the mission’s deputy project scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
A fiery past
Scientists discovered that Jezero’s floor wasn’t what they expected when the rover began preparing to drill its first sample in August. Exploring the area’s geology, Perseverance ground into a piece of Martian rock to reveal a fresh surface. It looked like an igneous rock on Earth that had salt-rimmed holes in it — holes that had probably formed as water flowed through the rock. That meant the rover was looking at an ancient volcanic rock that had interacted with water, indicating a life-friendly environment such as had never been seen on Mars. “That was a great moment for the mission,” says Stack Morgan. “Those are ideal places to be looking for signs of ancient rock-hosted life.”
But when Perseverance tried to drill a core, the material crumbled and slid out of the sampling device. Because the sampling procedure was automated, the rover ended up with an empty but sealed tube, which mission scientists tried to put a positive spin on, labelling it a sample of Mars’s atmosphere.
Perseverance collected its sixth rock core (shown here, held in the rover's sampling mechanism) last month.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU
“You can’t really give Mars a wish list,” says Tanja Bosak, a geobiologist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge. “Mars gives you what it wants to give you.”
A month later, Perseverance successfully drilled its first pair of cores, into a similar igneous rock that had been altered by water (see ‘Sampling Mars’). This rock formation, called Maaz, covers much of Jezero’s floor.
The rover then drove south and west, skirting a dune-ridden area called Seitah, and collected two more pairs of samples. (It collects pairs to increase the potential that one of the samples will be returned to Earth.) Mission scientists had thought that Seitah’s rocks would be sedimentary, because visually they seemed to be composed of different layers. But as soon as Perseverance ground away at some of the Seitah rocks, another surprise emerged. They, too, were igneous.
Using various instruments to analyse the rocks’ chemical composition, Perseverance found chunky grains of one mineral, called olivine, encased in another, called pyroxene. These minerals are generally found in igneous rocks or volcanic areas on Earth. That’s strong evidence that the Seitah rocks formed as a large body of molten rock cooled, says Stack Morgan. Olivine crystals would have formed first, and sunk towards the bottom of the cooling magma, and then pyroxene would have formed around them — creating layered rocks that appear sedimentary.
The Seitah rocks, like the Maaz rocks, also show signs of having interacted with water in the past. They might even — as reported at a December meeting of the American Geophysical Union by Eva Scheller, a geologist at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena — contain organic molecules, probably produced through non-biological processes, such as those seen in some Martian meteorites.
Pressure mounts
All told, Perseverance is supposed to collect at least 30 rock, dirt and atmosphere samples. It will lay them down in one or more places for future missions to retrieve, in what could be the first sample return from Mars. Getting the cores to Earth will be an elaborate process requiring another rover to pick them up, a rocket to launch them into Mars orbit, and a spacecraft to capture them and fly them back to Earth; this would happen no earlier than 2031. NASA and the European Space Agency are collaborating on the plan, and NASA announced this month that it had chosen a contractor to build the rocket that will lift the samples into Mars orbit.
“I’m just super-excited that we’re finally taking the first steps towards collecting and hopefully bringing back samples from Mars,” says Meenakshi Wadhwa, a planetary scientist at Arizona State University in Tempe and NASA's principal scientist for the Mars sample-return programme. “We already have some really great samples to assess the question of whether there was ancient life.”
Despite the rover’s success so far, pressure is mounting for it to get to the long-awaited delta. Perseverance is making its way there now as quickly as possible; earlier this month, it set a record for long-distance driving on Mars, travelling more than 240 metres in a day. Even so, it probably won’t get to the delta until April.
Time is of the essence because Perseverance has only about one Earth year remaining to meet the timetable for accomplishing its main to-do list: get to the delta, collect samples there, and drive up onto the crater rim to place them somewhere for pick-up. The rover is currently retracing its steps towards its landing site: it will collect another pair of cores from Maaz along the way, and then detour around the dune-filled region to reach the delta. Perseverance is working at a much faster pace than NASA’s previous Mars rover, Curiosity, which has been exploring Gale Crater since it landed in 2012. “We have to keep on moving,” Bosak says.
Some pebbles jammed Perseverance's drilling mechanism in January. But it shook them loose, as shown in this GIF, recorded with one of the rover's cameras.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS
Although operations have mostly been smooth, some small glitches have occurred, besides the initial failed attempt to collect a rock core. In December, some pebbles fell out during a coring attempt and jammed some of the mechanisms in the rover’s sampling equipment. Engineers eventually got Perseverance to shake the pebbles loose to fix the problem. And in recent weeks, says José Antonio Rodríguez Manfredi, principal investigator of the rover’s weather instrument at the Centre for Astrobiology in Madrid, surprisingly strong winds kicked dust and small pebbles into several of the rover’s wind sensors, damaging them.
Perseverance’s sidekick, the tiny helicopter named Ingenuity, continues to plug along. Researchers intended the craft to make five flights over 30 days. But it has so far made 19 flights and travelled more than 3.8 kilometres. It is currently staged ahead of the rover and will be used, if it continues to survive, to scout routes that the rover might take once it gets to the Jezero delta to collect more cores.
“The delta samples will be spectacular,” Bosak says. “I can’t wait. I really can’t wait.”
There has been much speculation over the destruction of 40 out of 49 Starlink microsatellites on February 8 that were shot down by the Deep State, according toinformation received by Elena Danaan, from her primary extraterrestrial contact Thor Han Eredyon. Elena has just followed up with an article that casts more light on Elon Musk and Starlink based on information received earlier from a female extraterrestrial from Alpha Centauri with whom she had a face-to-face encounter in a small town in Ireland just over a month previously.
In her article, Elena explains how she first met the Nordic-looking extraterrestrial and her husband in December 2019 at a book launch in Ireland and was told that they were ‘Americans’ working on advanced communications technology projects in Los Angeles, California. At the time, Elena didn’t know about their true origins, but only observed their strikingly good looks and their strangeness. Elena says that she was very surprised when the same female phoned her two years later, on January 4, 2022, and arranged to have a meeting.
At the meeting, the Nordic identified herself as coming from Alpha Centauri, and that she and others had been living on Earth for some time and had integrated into the human population. In 2006, I wrote an article and followed up with a conference presentation about extraterrestrials secretly living among us a year later.
This history of aliens infiltrating human society extends back, at the very least, to the 1950s, when famous contactees such as George Adamski and Howard Menger described helping extraterrestrials go unnoticed in society. Around the same time, a group of extraterrestrials began revealing themselves to over 100 Italians and other Europeans in what is known as the ‘Friendship case.’ The meeting Elena described is therefore not unique given this secret history of off-worlders living among us.
At their January 2022 meeting, which Elena discusses in her article, the extraterrestrial explained the future importance of Starlink and Elon Musk:
Then… she got into the real subject and I was surprised at first with her question. She asked me what internet provider I had and she strongly advised me to go for Starlink. She said Starlink was going to become very big and take over mostly every communication systems in the near future, and that Elon Musk invested more funds into developing Lower Orbit relay technologies. She kept on talking about him, saying that he was going to become very important soon, for the greater good of humanity, in the near and far future. She said this: “him and I are from the same place”.
The female Nordic’s comment about the future of Starlink and Elon Musk, and their importance for the good of humanity is very revealing. If her comments about Starlink taking over communications systems in the near future are accurate, that gives us powerful insight into who would have been behind the loss of 40 Starlink satellites. High on the list of suspects would be the owners of the present global communications system—the Deep State.
Furthermore, the Nordic’s comment that Musk is from Alpha Centauri conjures up a similar scenario to Nikola Tesla, who believed, along with several of his closest associates, that he was originally from Venus. Arthur Matthews and Margaret Storm both wrote books that described Tesla’s origin as a Venusian.
A leaked Majestic document describes how human-looking extraterrestrials have in the past dropped off some of their babies to be raised as normal humans, but they would have advanced abilities that would facilitate technological advancements. It is therefore not unprecedented that a gifted inventor such as Musk turns out to have off-world origins.
In her conversation with Elena, the Nordic talked about living in California and working on advanced technologies before buying a house in Ireland:
Her: We were living near L.A. before buying a house here, but I still travel a lot.
Me: What were you doing there, as a job? I remember you said you were installing new technologies in people’s homes? For which company was it?
Her: We had our own private company. We are high grade engineers. It was a new technology, very advanced, having to do with connectivity. A kind of Wi-Fi if you want but based on quantum technology relayed to lower orbit connectivity. That’s all I can say.
This is a very significant piece of information since it suggests that the real purpose of Starlink is to set up a Wi-Fi global communication system based on quantum technology, rather than through the transmission of electromagnetic frequencies (EMF) from lower Earth orbit.
A quantum communication system is based on ideas such as ‘quantum teleportation’ and ‘quantum entanglement’ that use photons, as explained by a science reporter, Martin Giles:
Quantum teleportation works by creating pairs of entangled photons and then sending one of each pair to the sender of data and the other to a recipient. When Alice receives her entangled photon, she lets it interact with a “memory qubit” that holds the data she wants to transmit to Bob. This interaction changes the state of her photon, and because it is entangled with Bob’s, the interaction instantaneously changes the state of his photon too.
While many fear that Musk’s Starlink is going to create a 5G system that will beam harmful frequencies (60 and 95GHz) to stifle and control humanity globally, the Nordic is suggesting that the real goal is to develop a quantum communications system that would not be EMF-based.
Put simply, quantum communications will use entangled photons, thereby enabling instantaneous communications over great distances, whereas conventional communications use electrons to generate EMF waves that travel at the speed of light. This severely impacts the usefulness of EMF-based communications for deep space travel and makes it practically useless for interstellar travelers.
Another big advantage of quantum communication is that ‘Faraday cages’, which block EMF waves by creating a metal cage around sites, would not block these kinds of transmissions. A quantum-based system could thus be used by submarines—whose hulls act as Faraday cages—and in deep space by spacecraft for instantaneous communications. Therefore, it is no surprise that extraterrestrials use quantum communication over interstellar distances without any delay or harmful EMF waves, and that they are encouraging inventors such as Musk to introduce this to the general population.
This is what makes claims that Musk is using Starlink to create a quantum-based WiFi system so startling. If the Nordic’s claims about Musk are accurate, then Starlink could be used to free, rather than further suppress humanity using a new generation of Earth-orbiting satellites that would create the next generation of communications.
Apparently, this kind of quantum communications technology was being earlier developed in California by the Nordic extraterrestrials before the Deep State intervened, as the following exchange clearly alludes to:
[Her] We left because we lost everything.
Me: I am sorry to hear this. So it’s why you left California. How did this happen?
Her: Our house burnt down. They burnt a whole town. Many of us died.
The Nordic’s remarks make it clear that the California town she is referring to is Paradise, which was destroyed on November 8, 2018. The Paradise fire wiped out the entire town and forced its 27,000 residents to flee with over 80 deaths. Mainstream media sources such as NBC News cited drought conditions, high winds, and faulty electrical transmission equipment for the destructive wildfire that engulfed the town. Alternative media sources, however, identified tell-tale signs of satellite based Directed Energy Weapons (DEW) being used to destroy the town. Why was Paradise targeted by DEWs?
I immediately became suspicious over the real cause of the Paradise fire when I heard from one of its residents, Ralph Ring. He sent out an email to supporters saying that his home in Paradise had been destroyed, but that he and his wife had escaped unharmed.
I first met Ralph in Hawaii in 2007 when he did a presentation at our Earth Transformation conference about his work on a civilian flying saucer project called the OTC-XI that had been developed by the inventor Otis Carr, who was a protégé of Nikola Tesla. Ralph stayed in touch over the following years and let supporters know he was working on advanced technology projects that would revolutionize the planet. This is what he was working on in Paradise when the fire took out the town.
At the same time, David Wilcock did an interview about the Paradise fire where he stated that his sources had revealed to him back in 2007 that many of the residents of Paradise were extraterrestrials from Alpha Centauri’ working on advanced technology projects in underground facilities. This meant that Paradise was the real-life equivalent of the town ‘Eureka’ in the popular TV series Eureka.
The Nordic’s admission to Elena that she was one of those impacted by the fire and that many of her companions had died meant that the Deep State had targeted hidden underground facilities used by the extraterrestrials. The surface brush fire was created as a cover to take out these advanced tech facilities using space-based DEWs.
Now we know why the Deep State had destroyed Paradise and the cutting-edge tech projects under development. These projects threatened the current global communications systems using harmful EMF transmissions that researchers such as Dr. Joseph Mercola have well documented as being extremely harmful to long-term human health.
Now four years later, Elon Musk’s Starlink was targeted by the Deep State using surface-based DEWs according to Thor Han’s communications. It’s unlikely that the loss of 40 microsatellites will stop the rollout of Starlink and its future global WiFi system, given that over 1700 satellites are currently in orbit.
If what the female Nordic told Elena Danaan is accurate, then Starlink is destined to unleash a future quantum-based Wi-Fi communication system that eliminates harmful EMFs. This explains why Musk and his companies are now being targeted by the Deep State using their remaining resources in the mainstream media, compromised assets in the alternative media, and exotic weapons developed by the aerospace industry. Thankfully, there is a growing Earth Alliance of spacefaring nations working with US Space Command and positive extraterrestrial groups that support Musk’s efforts and will act to protect his Starlink system, and the revolutionary quantum communications system these will establish for the benefit of all humanity.
A podcast version of this article is available on YouTube & Rumble
Special Note: On February 26 I will present my first webinar of the year on “What’s Coming in 2022 and Beyond.” Join me as I dive deep into the Exopolitics Paradigm Shift that we are about to witness all over the planet as humanity awakens.
Is Bob Lazar telling the truth? | Garry Nolan and Lex Fridman
Is Bob Lazar telling the truth? | Garry Nolan and Lex Fridman
Garry Nolan is a professor at Stanford University School of Medicine. His research is in microbiology, immunology, bio-computation, and analysis of UFO artifacts, materials, and reports of UFO encounters.
Sea Level to Rise up to a Foot by 2050, Interagency Report Finds
Sea Level to Rise up to a Foot by 2050, Interagency Report Finds
Coastal cities like Miami, shown, already experience high-tide flooding. But a new federal interagency report projects an uptick in the frequency and intensity of such events in the coming decades because of rising seas. Credits: B137 (CC-BY)
NASA, NOAA, USGS, and other U.S. government agencies project that the rise in ocean height in the next 30 years could equal the total rise seen over the past 100 years.
Coastal flooding will increase significantly over the next 30 years because of sea level rise, according to a new report by an interagency sea level rise task force that includes NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and other federal agencies. Titled Global and Regional Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the United States, the Feb. 15 report concludes that sea level along U.S. coastlines will rise between 10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 centimeters) on average above today’s levels by 2050.
The report – an update to a 2017 report – forecasts sea level to the year 2150 and, for the first time, offers near-term projections for the next 30 years. Agencies at the federal, state, and local levels use these reports to inform their plans on anticipating and coping with the effects of sea level rise.
“This report supports previous studies and confirms what we have long known: Sea levels are continuing to rise at an alarming rate, endangering communities around the world. Science is indisputable and urgent action is required to mitigate a climate crisis that is well underway,” said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson. “NASA is steadfast in our commitment to protecting our home planet by expanding our monitoring capabilities and continuing to ensure our climate data is not only accessible but understandable.”
The task force developed their near-term sea level rise projections by drawing on an improved understanding of how the processes that contribute to rising seas – such as melting glaciers and ice sheets as well as complex interactions between ocean, land, and ice – will affect ocean height. “That understanding has really advanced since the 2017 report, which gave us more certainty over how much sea level rise we’ll get in the coming decades,” said Ben Hamlington, a research scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California and one of the update’s lead authors.
NASA’s Sea Level Change Team, led by Hamlington, has also developed an online mapping tool to visualize the report’s state-of-the-art sea level rise projections on a localized level across the U.S. “The hope is that the online tool will help make the information as widely accessible as possible,” Hamlington said.
The Interagency Sea Level Rise Task Force projects an uptick in the frequency and intensity of high-tide coastal flooding, otherwise known as nuisance flooding, because of higher sea level. It also notes that if greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase, global temperatures will become even greater, leading to a greater likelihood that sea level rise by the end of the century will exceed the projections in the 2022 update.
“It takes a village to make climate predictions. When you combine NASA’s scenarios of global sea level rise with NOAA’s estimates of extreme water levels and the U.S. Geological Survey’s impact studies, you get a robust national estimate of the projected future that awaits American coastal communities and our economic infrastructure in 20, 30, or 100 years from now,” said Nadya Vinogradova Shiffer, who directs the NASA Sea Level Change Team at NASA Headquarters in Washington.
“This is a global wake-up call and gives Americans the information needed to act now to best position ourselves for the future,” said NOAA Administrator Rick Spinrad, Ph.D. “As we build a Climate Ready Nation, these updated data can inform coastal communities and others about current and future vulnerabilities in the face of climate change and help them make smart decisions to keep people and property safe over the long run.”
Building on a Research Legacy
The Global and Regional Sea Level Rise report incorporates sea level projections from the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment, released by the United Nations in August 2021. The IPCC reports, issued every five to seven years, provide global evaluations of Earth’s climate and use analyses based on computer simulations, among other data.
A separate forthcoming report known as the Fifth National Climate Assessment, produced by the U.S. Global Change Research Program, is the latest in a series summarizing the impacts of climate change on the U.S., and it will in turn use the results from the Global and Regional Sea Level Rise report in its analysis. The Climate Assessment is slated to publish in 2023.
NASA sea level researchers have years of experience studying how Earth’s changing climate will affect the ocean. Their work includes research forecasting how much coastal flooding U.S. communities will experience in 10 years, helping to visualize IPCC data on global sea level rise using an online visualization tool, and launching satellites that contribute data to a decades-long record of global sea surface height.
Learn more about sea level and climate change here:
Ars Notoria: The Ancient Text “That Teaches Superhuman Abilities”
Ars Notoria: The Ancient Text “That Teaches Superhuman Abilities”
Since ancient times, man has felt the need to develop supernatural abilities. This is why books like “Ars Notoria” have been written that talk about these superhuman abilities and how to develop them.
It is believed to be one of the oldest and most mysterious books in the world.
The ancient text “Ars Notoria” is found within the renowned book called ” The Lesser Key of Solomon .”
These writings assure that whoever reads and understands the “silver tongue” will obtain a perfect memory to house inconceivable wisdom .
Ars Notoria: The Text of Infinite Wisdom.
This book was originally written in 3 different languages; Greek, Latin, and Hebrew.
The original writings of “Ars Notoria” were so famous that it is rumored that even King Solomon himself used them to become the most wise, talented and compassionate king on earth.
There is a kind of communicational ploy in these ancient texts that fascinate many readers.
This trick is known as the “magnetic experiment,” which explains in detail how to use the cornerstone and needles to communicate over long distances .
It is said that if the 2 needles rub against the cornerstone properly, the needles will tangle with each other beyond the gap . That is, if one needle moved, the other would also move regardless of distance.
If the needles were placed in a circle of letters and Pictures, people communicated at great distances by spelling out words.
There are many ideas and notions found in this ancient text that for many were ahead of their time .
An unknown science?
They say that the book grants infinite wisdom.
So far, there are many known sciences that attempt to explain situations that cannot be understood . According to the theorists, the Ars Notoria is a text that tries to specialize in it.
In the past, the vast majority of people could not read or interpret sacred scriptures . That is why it is believed that they have been able to consider, or classify, these texts as mysterious.
Unfortunately, at present, everything that does not come from science, or that cannot be explained scientifically, is minimized and even discarded by the scientific community.
However, the great minds of history, such as Albert Einstein or Nikola Tesla , recognized that there was something that goes far beyond what is recognizable or understandable.
There is no doubt that the text of Ars Notoria continues to be an enigma for science and history. Is it really possible that this text provides enigmatic wisdom?
During the day, the exoplanet GJ 367b (shown here in an artist’s rendering) is so hot, the iron it holds could almost begin to melt.
Credit: SPP 1992 (Patricia Klein)
Astronomers have spotted the tiniest, most metal-based planet yet — an iron-rich world that is light years away from Earth and zips around its star once every eight hours.
The planet, known as GJ 367b, is three-quarters the size of Earth, but much denser. It’s more like Mercury, in that it is made mostly of iron and is superheated by blazing radiation from its star. GJ 367b is a searing 1,500 °C during the day — nearly hot enough for its iron to begin to melt.
GJ 367b is the smallest planet beyond the Solar System for which scientists have been able to determine the composition, says Kristine Lam, an astronomer who recently moved from Technical University Berlin to the German Aerospace Center in Berlin, Germany. She and her colleagues reported the finding on 2 December in Science1.
Astronomers have discovered more than a dozen ‘ultrashort-period’ planets, which are so close to their stars that they make a complete orbit in less than a day, like GJ 367b. Its iron-rich nature makes it a sort of planetary laboratory for understanding the extreme conditions in which planets can form and evolve.
The discovery also “showcases our ability to measure the mass of tiny, sub-Earth planets”, says David Armstrong, an astronomer at the University of Warwick in Coventry, UK. “Being able to observe such planets, despite them being many light years away from us, is fascinating and promises many Earth-like planet discoveries in the future.”
A ‘wild’ find
Lam’s team discovered GJ 367b in 2019 using data from NASA’s planet-hunting Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), which has spotted 172 of the 4,500 or so planets known to be orbiting stars other than the Sun. GJ 367b is more than 9 parsecs (31 light years) away from Earth, in the southern constellation Vela. The researchers used several ground-based telescopes to confirm the exoplanet’s existence and to gather data that revealed its size and mass in unprecedented detail — it is 0.72 times the size of Earth and 0.55 times the mass.
Those two precise pieces of information allowed the team to calculate the planet’s density as being more than 8 grams per cubic centimetre, which is close to the density of iron and much higher than Earth’s 5.5 grams per cubic centimetre. GJ 367b is probably made mostly of an iron core surrounded by a thin layer of rock, with perhaps some ice or gas enveloping it. “It’s pretty wild,” says Lisa Dang, an astronomer at McGill University in Montreal, Canada.
Other extremely dense planets have been found before, including one nearly as big as Neptune2. But finding a tiny version shows that astronomers can push the boundaries of finding extreme worlds, Lam says.
Formation mysteries
Theorists have several ideas about how heavy-metal planets could form. They could have started out as large planets with iron cores sheathed in vast layers of rock, before collisions with other space rocks stripped off their covering and left behind the nearly naked iron core. Or the searing radiation from the planets’ stars could have stripped off some material as the bodies were forming.
GJ 367b’s star is a red dwarf, smaller and cooler than the Sun. Lam’s team spotted hints of a second planet orbiting it, around once every 11 days, but have not yet been able to confirm the existence of any planets other than GJ 367b.
GJ 367b probably isn’t a great place to look for extraterrestrial life, given its intense heat and radiation. “Of course it’s not pleasant to live on,” Lam says. But the planet could potentially have an atmosphere, which would be an interesting environment. If the planet’s surface is partially molten, then GJ 367b might have an atmosphere dominated by minerals that boiled off the planet’s surface, Dang says. Lam and her colleagues hope to search for an atmosphere using observatories such as NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, which is scheduled to launch on 22 December.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-03587-z
References
Lam, K. W. F. et al. Science374, 1271–1275 (2021).
NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has found over 5000 candidate exoplanet candidates, and 197 confirmed exoplanets since its mission began in late 2018. TESS is good at finding exoplanets, but the spacecraft is a powerful scientific platform, and it’s made other discoveries, too. Scientists working with TESS recently announced 97 quadruple star candidates, nearly doubling the number of known quadruple systems.
TESS’s mission is to find exoplanets. More specifically, its mission is to find exoplanets around nearby bright stars. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite can also study those planets’ mass, density, size, and orbit.
But TESS’s field of view is wide, much wider than its predecessor, the Kepler Space Telescope. Its array of wide-field cameras has surveyed 85% of the sky and gathered an enormous quantity of data. Scientists use machine learning and a cohort of eager citizen scientists to comb through that data.
According to a new paper, the latest results from TESS data is a catalogue of 97 “…uniformly-vetted candidates for quadruple star systems,” according to a new paper. The paper is “97 Eclipsing Quadruple Star Candidates Discovered in TESS Full Frame Images.” The paper is available at the pre-press site arxiv.org and will be published in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement. The paper’s lead author is Veselin Kostov from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.
“The candidates were identified in TESS Full Frame Image data from Sectors 1 through 42 through a combination of machine learning techniques and visual examination, with major contributions from a dedicated group of citizen scientists,” the authors write.
TESS is equipped with four CCD cameras with adjacent field-of-views to produce a 4 x 1 array, or ‘observing sector,’ yielding a combined field-of-view of 96x 24 degrees, as illustrated above. Image Credit: NASA
To find these systems, it took a collaboration between some of the usual suspects—the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Astrophysics Science Division and the MIT Kavli Institute. But the professionals at those research institutions needed some help. That help came from seven experienced citizen scientists who assisted in the painstaking effort of pixel-by-pixel analysis of light curves. “To rule out false positives due to nearby field stars or systematic effects, we evaluate the pixel-by-pixel light curve of the target…” the authors write in their paper.
The researchers focused their effort on identifying triple and quadruple star systems, but the results go beyond those multiple star systems. They also found “…the first sextuply-eclipsing sextuple stellar system and the first transiting circumbinary planet detected from one sector of TESS data,” the authors explain.
Quadruple star systems contain two pairs of eclipsing binary (EB) stars. However, they’re only EBs if they eclipse one another from our vantage point. All those transits and eclipses can be difficult to entangle, which explains the helping hand from dedicated citizen scientists.
The researchers were interested only in specific quadruple star systems, and they deliberately excluded others. “We note that the targets listed in this catalogue are quadruple candidates that each originate from a single TESS source, i.e. the two-component EBs are unresolved in TESS data,” they write. These quad systems are in the catalogue because they exhibit changes observable in human timescales. “The reason is that for the purposes of this work, our interests are in close quadruple systems that can exhibit dynamically-interesting interactions on a human timescale (months to years),” they explain.
That explanation is a bit wordy, but it boils down to this: TESS pixel width can be vast. If TESS locates a pair of EBs separated by two TESS pixels, and if the EBs are 500 parsecs away from us, that means the EBs are separated from each other by up to 20,000 AU. At that vast distance from one another, it could take generations of human observations to notice any interactions between the stars. Systems must be closer to one another to exhibit interesting interactions observable in months or years, so they must be in the same TESS pixel. This is what necessitated the painstaking pixel-by-pixel analysis.
The systems in the catalogue survived a stringent vetting process. The team also encountered many false positives. A field star near the target often appeared to be another EB until deeper analysis ruled it out. Other times they detected two EB pairs, but they were not interconnected and were too distant from each other to constitute a quadruple star system. There were also triple star systems whose eclipse pattern mimicked a quadruple star system. All in all, there were five false-positive scenarios.
In their summary, the authors write that “The target stars have been identified through visual inspection and exhibit two sets of eclipses with two distinct periods, each with primary and, in most cases, secondary eclipses. All targets have been uniformly-vetted and passed a series of tests, including pixel-by-pixel and photocenter motion analysis.”
Why are astronomers interested in quadruple systems?
Multiple star systems can reveal a lot about stellar evolution pathways. Astronomers and astrophysicists are interested in stellar stages of evolution like short-period binaries, common-envelope events, Type Ia Supernovae, and black hole mergers.
The arrangement of the stars in multiple systems is also evidence of how the stars formed. “For example, the mass ratios between the individual components of a quadruple system, the period ratios between the constituent binary systems and the mutual inclination provide important insight into whether the system formed through a ‘top-down’ scenario via core or disk fragmentation or ‘bottom-up’ aggregation via gravitational capture,” they write.
Another exciting aspect of multiple star systems concerns planets. Astronomers have found some planets around multiple star systems, but their origins and fates are unclear.
In 2015 astronomers discovered a massive planet in the quadruple star system 30 Arietis. According to that discovery, the system is home to an enormous gas giant ten times more massive than Jupiter. It was the second known planet instance in a quadruple star system.
In 2019 researchers found a unique quadruple star system where the stars are at a right angle to the disk of gas and dust surrounding them. Planets will likely form from this protoplanetary disk. How unusual would the view from a planet’s surface be in that system?
HD 98800 is a quadruple star system with a protoplanetary disk at right angles to the stars. Could planets form in such a system? Image Credits: UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK/MARK GARLICK
The team of researchers isn’t finished yet. They say that they’ve detected an order of magnitude more false positives than vetted detections and that complete analysis is beyond the scope of this paper. “… given the large number of targets inspected and assuming many of the additional candidates turn out to be real, TESS has the potential to increase the number of known eclipsing quadruple systems by more than a factor of two,” they write.
European astronauts want their own spacecraft after decades of reliance on Russia, NASA, SpaceX
European astronauts want their own spacecraft after decades of reliance on Russia, NASA, SpaceX
On February 16th, the European Space Agency (ESA) held the European Space Summit in Toulouse, France, offering European Space Agency leaders and European Union (EU) member states an opportunity to discuss the present and future of European spaceflight.
The central idea circulating the summit was evident: Europe wants to reassert itself as a global leader in space exploration. While ESA and member states continue to make exceptional contributions to robotic space exploration and – to a lesser degree – rocketry, leaders at the summit believe that there is still a large amount of untapped potential within the European space industry. ESA hopes to fill these gaps while tackling the societal, economic, and security challenges that come along with it. The ESA’s goal is to grow as a space fairing nation and compete side by side with the United States, Russia, and China on all fronts – including the possible creation of their own domestic human spaceflight program.
ESA Director-General Josef Aschbacher was encouraged to speak on the subject, stating that “I am very happy to accept President Macron’s proposal to establish a high-level advisory group on ‘human space exploration for Europe’.” “This decision will shape what Europe will look like in the decade to come. We have to involve experts from all walks of life and mainly from non-space, for example, historians, economists, geopolitical experts, explorers on Earth, and philosophers to fully grasp all its implications and help us take [sic] the right decision.”
Organizations such as the European Association of Space Explorers (ASE) have strong opinions on the future of the European Space Agency. The ASE represents the over 45 European astronauts and cosmonauts who have been flying to space since 1978 – including recent several ESA astronauts that most recently flew to and from the Internation Space Station on SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket and aboard Crew Dragon.
Released in a three-page manifesto titled, “EUROPEAN ASTRONAUTS’ MANIFESTO ON THE OCCASION OF THE EUROPEAN SPACE SUMMIT”, the organization expressed its passion for human spaceflight and wrote to encourage the ESA to further develop a program that might one day allow the European Union to launch its own astronauts.
“A Europe that projects itself as a leading society must have the capabilities to set its own goals, and to decide for itself how far it wants to go in space exploration, united in our European values,” the document stated. “We now have a unique window of opportunity to accelerate and become a fully recognized partner of the global space endeavor.” An advisory group has been put together by the ESA to further explore these possibilities and is set to report back to the ESA on their findings at the next ESA Council of Ministers held in November 2022.
“Between now and summer, we want to come up with more specific European targets and ambitions for manned space travel,” he said through an interpreter. “We need to know what our priorities are, have the data to back it up and prepare the choices we are going to take for the November [ESA] ministerial meeting.”, stated Aschbacher. ESA has repeatedly attempted to develop its own crewed spacecraft in the past, including the “Crew Rescue Vehicle” (one variant shown in the header image), Crew Space Transport System, and Hermes spaceplane.
Among the conversations of human spaceflight, the summit also revealed additional initiatives the ESA plans to focus on as they further develop a more independent space program.
The ESA presented three “accelerators” or objectives that they aim to focus on while ramping up their space program. “Space for a Green Future”, “Rapid and Resilliant Crisis Response”, and “Protection of Space Assets”. According to the ESA, the three programs are described as the following:
“Space for a Green Future” aims to use data derived from Earth observation satellites to help Europe act to mitigate climate change and to support reaching a carbon-neutral economy by mid-century.
“Rapid and Resilient Crisis Response” seeks to better use space data, cognitive cloud computing, and intelligent interconnectivity in space to support those in charge to provide the vital responses to crises on Earth.
“Protection of Space Assets” will contribute to preventing damage to the European space infrastructure and avoid disruption to its economically vital infrastructures such as power supplies and communications links due to space weather conditions.
A photographer in Moscow, Russia is left moon struck when he spots a mysterious cluster of black circular objects, in this clip from Season 2, “The London Serpent and Moon UFOS.”
Talk of UFOs ignited by mysterious ‘red trails’ seen in darkness off the Outer Banks BY MARK PRICE
Talk of UFOs ignited by mysterious ‘red trails’ seen in darkness off the Outer Banks
BYMARK PRICE
A man taking time lapse images of the Milky Way also captured a series of odd light swirls in the sky, and the resulting footage has ignited talk of UFO activity off North Carolina’s Outer Banks.
Artist Wes Snyder is well known in the Southeast for his coastal photography — particularly images taken at night — but even he is at a loss for what the rotating red trails might be.
The lights are seen multiple times in his video — always along the horizon — and they appear to be circling something.
Snyder says the movement defies easy explanation, when taking into account the time lapse process: Each photo is taken with a 10-second exposure, with one second in between.
Wes Snyder recording time lapse photos off the Outer Banks and found mysterious "red trails" that some say are UFOs. Others believe it is military craft.
VIDEO SCREENSHOT
“I’ve caught thousands of plane trails and never have any of them looked like this, so I’m certain they are not your typical aircraft,” Snyder told McClatchy news.
“I’ve caught these trails before in several other time lapses, but I have yet to figure out what kind of plane possibly has these capabilities. ... Whatever they are, they have some incredible maneuverability.”
The photos were taken between 8 and 10 p.m. on Sept. 27, with cameras facing west, toward the mainland. Snyder says the trails were “visible for 10-20 minutes.” The video was only recently posted online, because of the time it takes to edit images taken simultaneously by three cameras, he said.
“We (the Outer Banks) are not too far away from a bombing range and eastern North Carolina is known for lots of military aircraft,” Snyder said. “My bet is that it’s military aircraft training over the Pamlico Sound.
“All I want to know is, how can I get a ride in whatever it was,” he added.
Why the Bible banned the book of Enoch? The true story of Humanity! – GAF.TV
Why the Bible banned the book of Enoch? The true story of Humanity! – GAF.TV
In its entirety, The Book of Enoch is made up of five books – The Book of Watchers, Book of Parables, The Astronomical Book, The Dream Visions, and The Epistles of Enoch – containing some 100 chapters. These chapters tell the story of the 7th patriarch in the Book of Genesis – Enoch, the father of Methuselah and grandfather of Noah, the same Noah in the biblical story of Noah's Ark. Yet, this was not the biblical story of Noah's Ark. In fact, the Book of Enoch provides an entirely different recounting of the events leading up to the Great Flood of Noah's time, that is, a completely different doctrinal history. It tells a story of the Watchers, explained in biblical terms to be fallen angels, sent to earth to watch over humans at some undefined and ancient point in time. Unfortunately, far from merely watching humans, these Watchers became infatuated by human women, and in short order, began to engage in depraved sexual acts with them. The Book of Enoch tells of the children born through this interbreeding between Watchers and humans, called the Nephilim. These Nephilim were as described: "giants and savages that endangered and pillaged humanity," or, said another way, "supernatural, man-eating giants." Angered with what the Watchers had done, those described as gods chained them in a subterranean prison deep within the earth. Enoch became the go-between gods and imprisoned Watchers.
""" Why the Bible banned the book of Enoch? The true story of Humanity """
What might we find: little green men or microbes? How might we find them: radio waves or strange chemicals in the planet's atmosphere? Something no one has even thought of yet?
Over the decades, scientists considering the possibility of life beyond Earth have pondered what such life might look like, how humans might be able to identify it from afar — and whether communication between the two worlds might be possible.
That thinking has included developing classification systems ready to fill with aliens. One such system is called the Kardashev scale, after the Soviet astronomer who proposed it in 1964, and evaluates alien civilizations based on the energy they can harness.
The Kardashev scale is a classification system for hypothetical extraterrestrial civilizations. The scale includes three categories based on how much energy a civilization is using.
Kardashev describes type I as a "technological level close to the level presently attained on the Earth," type II as "a civilization capable of harnessing the energy radiated by its own star" and type III as "a civilization in possession of energy on the scale of its own galaxy."
Each type also includes a numerical cut-off for the energy involved, but those weren't arbitrary cut-offs. "He used things that are easy to visualize," Valentin Ivanov, an astronomer at the European Southern Observatory who has built on Kardashev's work, told Space.com. "I'm almost tempted to say it's a publicity stunt, these comparisons that he uses to make it easier for people to understand."
Kardashev's scale is included in a five-page paper published in 1964 and called "Transmission of information by extraterrestrial civilizations." (The paper was originally published in Russian, but an English translation was published the same year.)
Although the scale is what caught people's imaginations, "Transmission of information by extraterrestrial civilizations" focuses on calculating how powerful a light signal from any point of the universe would need to be for radio scientists at the time to detect it. This value is also the numerical cut-off for the energy use of a type II civilization.
WHO WAS KARDASHEV?
Nikolai Kardashev was a Soviet and Russian astrophysicist whodied in 2019. Kardashev was roughly contemporary with early search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) leaders like Frank Drake, who publishedhis famous equationthree years before Kardashev's paper; Giuseppe Cocconi and Philip Morrison, who predicted what an extraterrestrial signal might look like; andFreeman Dyson, who pondered ways alien civilizations could surpass the limits of a planet.
In addition to his scale, Kardashev developed a technique called very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI), which uses a global network of radio dishes as one radio telescope the size of Earth. Perhaps most famously, VLBI is used by the Event Horizon Telescope to observe black holes, including producing the first ever black hole image, published in 2019.
Kardashev also proposed supplementing Earth-based network VLBI observatories with space-based telescopes to increase its observing power even more. He advocated for the Russian mission RadioAstron, which launched in 2011, to do just this sort of work, according to a review of VLBI developments.
WHERE ARE HUMANS ON THE KARDASHEV SCALE?
If working only within the basic categories, humans are a type I civilization on the Kardashev scale (a civilization with a working Dyson sphere structure harvesting its star's light would qualify as type II). Literally speaking, because humans have not harnessed the equivalent of the entire energy of Earth, other scientists have said that humans rank as more like a 0.7.
HOW DOES THE KARDASHEV SCALE RELATE TO SETI?
Scientists and science-fiction thinkers alike have referenced Kardashev's scale throughout the decades, and they have both praised and criticized the system.
One benefit of Kardashev's scale is that it focuses on a civilization's detectability by humans, rather than its technological advancement writ large, much of which might come in ways that astronomers cannot observe.
However, it has also been dubbed overly simplistic, both in considering only one characteristic and in its few, broad categories. (The iconic astronomer Carl Sagan argued that Kardashev's categories represented too vast of leaps in energy consumption and proposed dividing each into smaller categories — type 1.1, type 1.2, etc.)
The Kardashev scale's focus on infinite growth as a measure of progress has also become difficult to swallow. It was rooted in the dominance of SETI at the time by radio astronomers, Ivanov said. "For radio astronomers, bigger is better," he said. "Intuitively, for them, more power meant a more advanced civilization." Yet over the decades, as humans have begun to experience the global chaos caused by our tapping of fossil fuels, the risks of idealizing constant energy-hunger have become clear.
Kardashev's paper also speaks to the continuing core tension of the search for life beyond Earth: is it more valuable to look for biosignatures, changes to a planet that only life at some scale from microbes to manatees can cause, or for technosignatures, signals like radio waves that rely on not just life, but intelligent life skilled in noticeable technologies? "There is an ongoing argument which of the two is more important," Ivanov said.
But while Kardashev's work focuses exclusively on technosignatures, it acknowledges the biosignature side as well and suggests that each search can inform the other. "The discovery of even the very simplest organisms, on Mars for instance, would greatly increase the probability that many type II civilizations exist in the galaxy," he wrote. "Radio astronomical searches could of course play a decisive part in resolving this problem."
Nevertheless, the true heart of the paper that includes Kardashev's scale was a broader statement about SETI. "It's often forgotten that what he did was to estimate the technical feasibility of interstellar communications," Ivanov said. "The classification that he came up with is almost an afterthought of that paper."
And in the paper's conclusion, Kardashev argues that even if the calculations don't hold up, the potential reality of interstellar communications should.
"We should like to note that the estimates arrived at here are unquestionably of no more than a tentative nature," Kardashev wrote. "But all of them bear witness to the fact that, if terrestrial civilization is not a unique phenomenon in the entire universe, then the possibility of establishing contacts with other civilizations by means of present-day radio physics capabilities is entirely realistic."
Looking back on the paper 50 years after its publication, one researcher wrote that Kardashev's scale "was meant to represent a practical guideline for what could be expected in the course of SETI searches, not a profound theoretical insight into the nature of extraterrestrial intelligence."
And even as scientists interrogate Kardashev's ideas, the scale remains an important facet of SETI work, Ivanov said. "His name will stay."
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
Read Kardashev's 1964 article on extraterrestrial signals.
INDIA IS TESTING A SPACECRAFT THAT LOOKS LIKE A TINY NASA SPACE SHUTTLE
INDIA IS TESTING A SPACECRAFT THAT LOOKS LIKE A TINY NASA SPACE SHUTTLE
IT'S ADORABLE!
GODL-INDIA
Similar Shuttles
If imitation is the sincerest form of flattery, India’s paying a huge compliment to NASA with its latest space vehicle design.
The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), the country’s national space agency, recently announced plans to test out its reusable launch vehicle-technology demonstrator (RLV-TD) in the next few months, The Times of India reports. The vehicle itself bears a striking resemblance
However, the demonstrator is adorably small compared to a full-sized space shuttle. That’s by design, though, since it’ll only be used as part of experiments to prove the concept, before being scaled up so it can carry a whole crew of astronauts instead of ants.
Aiming for Orbit
The first test will involve a landing experiment in which the RLV-TD will be carried via helicopter until it’s between three to five kilometers high before being released. The vehicle will then glide towards a runway roughly four kilometers away and autonomously land.
“Once we successfully complete this mission and we have validated the software, landing gear, and get data on how the aerodynamics sensors worked to maneuver the aircraft… we will be ready for the orbital re-entry experiment,” Unnikrishnan Nair, director of the Vikram Sarabhai Space Center, told the Times of India.
Since the shuttle will be reusable, it’ll also cut a ton of costs for the burgeoning Indian space program, which is operating with relatively more limited budget and resources than more advanced programs such as NASA.
Ultimately, it could be a great investment for the ISRO and one that will hopefully bear fruit for a burgeoning space program that’s seen its fair share of setbacks in recent years due to the pandemic — as well as catastrophic rocket explosions.
Filer’s Files Feb. 14 2022 - CIA Director addresses UFOs - PART I
Lincoln, Nebraska on February 1, 2022
Filer’s Files Feb. 14 2022 - CIA Director addresses UFOs - PART I
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
Special reports are:Former CIA Director addresses UFOs, UFO Over Washington DC, UFO over disasters, Apollo 16 UFO, Looks Good for Standard Dark Energy, Disc Observed Following ISS,, Insurance Companies Claim 45% increase non Virus Deaths and Kronenberger Jewelry
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Massachusetts, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Belize, Canada, Indonesia, Italy, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force and DOD investigated UFOs publicly for more than forty years; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFOs are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors. Like my site? Spread the word!
Special Projects
Former CIA Director John Brennan addresses unidentified aerial phenomena, or alien life, on earth.
CIA Director John Brennan 2013 to 2017
I’ve seen some of those videos from Navy pilots, and I must tell you that they are quite eyebrow-raising when you look at them. You try to ensure that you have as much data as possible in terms of visuals and also diverse types of technical collection of sensors that you have at the time.
Also, I believe, it’s important to reach out into other environments and find out, were there any type of weather phenomena at that time that might have, in fact, created the appearance of the phenomenon that you’re looking at? Were there some things that were happening on the ground, or other types of phenomena that could help explain quite a mystery as far as what is there?
I think an important thing for analysts to do is not to go into this type of challenge either discounting certain types of possibilities or believing in advance that it is X, Y, or Z. You really have to approach it with an open mind but get as much data as possible and get as much expertise as possible brought to bear.
COWEN: At the end of all that sifting and interpreting, what do you think is the most likely hypothesis?
F-18
BRENNAN: [laughs] I don’t know. When people talk about it, is there other life besides what’s in the States, in the world, the globe? Life is defined in many different ways. I think it’s a bit presumptuous and arrogant for us to believe that there’s no other form of life anywhere in the entire universe. What that might be is subject to a lot of different views.
But I think some of the phenomena we’re going to be seeing continues to be unexplained and might, in fact, be some type of phenomenon that is the result of something that we don’t yet understand and that could involve some type of activity that some might say constitutes a different form of life. Transcript from Unidentified Aerial Phenomena YouTube channel
DC A movie displaying UFOs over Washington on July 12, 1952, has been released. Historic movie footage of a fleet of UFOs passing slowly over the Capitol Building obtained national publicity. At least one jet fighter aircraft crashed during the chase of the UFOs.
UFO over disasters
UFO over disaster
Many people have noticed that UFOs are often seen near hospitals and various catastrophes where deaths of people occur. Recently my brother had a heart attack and fell to the bottom of the stairs. His wife called 911 and he was taken to the hospital where it was diagnosed that he died and departed this Earth. The Doctors worked to revive him. He states, “I watched the entire episode about eight feet above my body and saw a bright light and felt warm and comfortable and the call from above. I do not fear death and look forward to the possibility of a new form of life after this one!”
Welcome in planet Heaven
Another friend was in a severe car accident and is thought to have died. He claims he has gone to heaven and was welcomed by his mother and father, great grandmother, and his friends and relatives. They all appeared as once he knew them with radiant and joyful faces. All were about the same age in the late thirties. One child he recognized who had died about five years old was in his teens. Just as suddenly as he arrived at the gates of heaven, he left. All of this might happen by magic, but technology could be involved.
My brother-in-law was dying of cancer, and I was at his home to watch his final hours. I was outside when a very brilliant flash of light was seen that flew through the roof and climbed into the sky. Patricia his wife came out the door and yelled, “John just passed away.” I told her about the mysterious flash. Christianity promises eternal life for those who believe; there is evidence could UFOs participate in these promises?
UFO heading for Disaster
George who lived next to a farm in Ohio started noticing UFOs fling into and out of a field near his home and started filming them. He also listened to the police radio calls and noticed that when a serious accident occurred on the Ohio Turnpike the UFOs departed quickly heading towards the accident or a hospital.
Apollo 16 UFO
July 19, 1969, Lunar Photo of UFO near the moon Apollo 16 was orbiting the moon when the astronauts spotted this alien UFO. John W. Young, commander Thomas K. Mattingly II, command module pilot Charles M. Duke, Jr., lunar module pilot
Looks Good for Standard Dark Energy
The cosmic microwave background as seen from the Planck Satellite
Lambda-CDM, accelerated expansion of the universe. The timeline in this schematic diagram extends from the Big Bang/inflation era 13.7 “billion years” ago to the present cosmological time.
Most modern cosmological models are based on the cosmological principle, which states that our observational location in the universe is not unusual or special; on a large-enough scale, the universe looks the same in all directions (isotropy) and from every location (homogeneity).[6]
Jack Sarfatti writes, we present the first cosmology results from large-scale structure using the full 5000 deg2 of imaging data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Data Release 1. We perform an analysis of large-scale structure combining three two-point correlation functions (3×2pt): (i) cosmic shear using 100 million source galaxies, (ii) galaxy clustering, and (iii) the cross-correlation of source galaxy shear with lens galaxy positions, galaxy–galaxy lensing. To achieve the cosmological precision enabled by these measurements has required updates to nearly every part of the analysis from DES Year 1, including the use of two independent galaxy clustering samples, modeling advances, and several novel improvements in the calibration of gravitational shear and photometric redshift inference.
The analysis was performed under strict conditions to mitigate confirmation or observer bias; we describe specific changes made to the lens galaxy sample following unblinding of the results and tests of the robustness of our results to this decision. We model the data within the flat ΛCDMand wCDM cosmological models, marginalizing over 25 nuisance parameters. We find consistent cosmological results between the three two-point correlation functions; their combination yields clustering amplitude S8=0.776+0.017−0.017 and matter density Ωm=0.339+0.032−0.031 in ΛCDM, mean with 68% confidence limits; S8=0.775+0.026−0.024, Ωm=0.352+0.035−0.041, and dark energy equation-of-state parameter w=−0.98+0.32−0.20 in wCDM. These constraints correspond to an improvement in signal-to-noise of the DES Year 3 3×2pt data relative to DES Year 1 by a factor of 2.1, about 20% more than expected from the increase in observing area alone. This combination of DES data is consistent with the prediction of the model favored by the Planck 2018 cosmic microwave background (CMB) primary anisotropy data, which is quantified with a probability-to-exceed p=0.13–0.48. We find better agreement between DES 3×2pt and Planck than in DES Y1, despite the significantly improved precision of both. When combining DES 3×2pt data with available baryon acoustic oscillation, redshift-space distortion, and type Ia supernovae data, we find p=0.34. Combining all of these datasets with Planck CMB lensing yields joint parameter constraints of S8=0.812+0.008−0.008, Ωm=0.306+0.004−0.005, h=0.680+0.004−0.003, and ∑mν<0.13 ev="" 95="" c="" l="" in="" cdm="" s8="0.812+0.008−0.008," strong="">Ωm=0.302+0.006−0.006, h=0.687+0.006−0.007, and w=−1.031+0.030−0.027 in wCDM.
Disc Observed Following ISS
UFO near ISS
Franklyn. TN — on June 23, 2010, I thought I was watching the ISS fly over, but several things convinced me that what I was seeing was not the ISS. There were many times in years past that I took my youngest son out to watch the ISS/Shuttle connected and flying overhead. The ISS did fly over my area this night and its track was SW to ENE for 4 minutes for the ISS. The sighting duration time began at 9:45 to 9:49 PM was 80 degrees, near straight over my head.
I first spotted the second object at a long distance in the SW at about 35 degrees, between the moon and the top of trees from my vantage point from 9:48/49 PM to 9:51 PM. Its brightness was brighter than the moon, no clouds in the sky. Its size was about two times brighter than Jupiter at it biggest in the winter sky. The object stayed the exact same brightness and size during the entire sighting time for 1 1/2 minutes unlike the ISS/Shuttle, where there is a gradual buildup to full brightness and then a gradual ease to disappearance. My 1-to-1/2-minute sighting time was in direct contradiction to the 4-minute fly by duration time of the ISS. The shorter time span meant that what I saw was traveling much faster than the ISS. MUFON
I had my binoculars and watched the object the entire time through them except for about 5 seconds as I raised the binoculars up to my eyes. I could very clearly see that the object was not just a bright, white light in the sky, but was a structured object different from the ISS. The bottom part of the object was elongated like a hot dog or hot dog bun, and had a rounded, dome structure on top, dead center. I could see the outline of this object during the entire sighting time. From my perspective, the object had a typical saucer shape to it. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Now this was just sent into me by email from a Russian YouTube subscriber of UFO Sighting Daily. He said there was a disk near the SpaceX rocket test and the UFO stayed there for many hours. I went back and checked the old feed that is still online. In the video the UFO was seen for about six hours of the eleven-hour broadcast. How did no-one else see this? Well, one explanation is that the UFO was cloaked and that would make it 99.9% transparent. However, what the aliens failed to realize is that UFOs have mass, and they displace the clouds around them, causing a thickening of the clouds, which allow us to see a dark disk. This is 100% proof that aliens are closely watching SpaceX rocket launches. But this makes me wonder…is Elon Musk an alien? And are those his alien friends he works with in the disk? Thanks to Scott C. Waring – Taiwan
40% Increase in Premature Non-COVID Deaths in 2021
ER 4% increase in deaths’
Diamond Mine of Data? Insurance Companies Report 40% Increase in Premature Non-COVID Deaths that the news will ignore.
Insurers in Indiana and India report similar rates of non-COVID-related premature deaths. “I’m sure I’m one of many who wonder what kind of diamond mine of data the insurance companies are sitting on,” said educator and statistician Mathew Crawford.
An Indiana insurance executive dropped a bombshell statistic during an end-of-year virtual news conference, reporting a “stunning” 40% increase in the death rate among 18- to 64-year-old adults compared to pre-pandemic levels.
OneAmerica’s CEO Scott Davison also described a major uptick in both short- and long-term disability claims.
The insurance executive rated the extraordinarily high death rate as “the highest … we have seen in the history of this business,” adding the trend is “consistent across every player in that business.”
To further underscore the import of his statements, Davison said, “Just to give you an idea of how bad [40%] is, a … one-in-200 catastrophe would be a 10% increase over pre-pandemic. So, 40% is just unheard of.”
Contrary to what the public might assume — given the media’s unremitting coverage of COVID-19 — Davison reported most of the death claims listed causes of death other than COVID.
Commenting on the news, Steve Kirsch, executive director of the Vaccine Safety Research Foundation, wrote, “It would take something REALLY BIG to have an effect this big.”
Moreover, Kirsch said, the culprit would have to be something first introduced in 2021 — “something new … that a vast number of people would be exposed to” — such as COVID shots.
Vaccine scientist Dr. Robert Malone and statistician Jessica Rose, Ph.D., agreed that experimental COVID injections should be considered prime suspects.
Around the country, hospitals are reporting increased admissions for serious non-COVID-related illnesses that just happen to match up to the types of adverse events reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) following COVID vaccination.
In fact, at a different Indiana news conference in December, the state’s chief medical officer reported Indiana is experiencing its highest hospitalization rate in five years.
While claiming not to have a breakdown of causes, an Indiana hospital association official noted that the majority of intensive care patients are in the hospital for illnesses and conditions having nothing to do with COVID.
Many patients arrive in ambulance
In a September study described as “narrative-shattering,” Harvard, Tufts and Veterans Affairs researchers reported that approximately half of hospitalized patients “showing up on COVID-data dashboards in 2021” had likely been admitted “for another reason entirely.”
In Ventura County, California, which is witnessing a startling spike in non-COVID-related hospitalizations, nurse whistleblowers argue the vaccines should be one of the first explanations considered. Why else, they ask, would otherwise healthy adults be showing up in droves with brain bleeds, heart attacks, autoimmune issues, and lung abnormalities?
Autopsies of individuals who died following COVID vaccination reveal shocking pathological alterations most frequently affecting the heart and lungs but also the brain and other organs.
A profitable industry that intends to remain profitable
By revenue, the U.S. has the largest insurance industry in the world, valued in 2020 at $1.28 trillion. Financial analysts deem life insurance — which represents 49% of total premiums paid — to be “one of the most profitable industries in the world.”
More than half (52%) of American adults have life insurance, including group coverage of the type underwritten by OneAmerica. The face value of life insurance policy purchases in the U.S. is $3.29 trillion.
One of the key determinants of life insurance profitability is the accurate assessment of mortality risk by actuaries, and notably, proper accounting of premature death risks.
Reports for 2020 indicate life insurers took an unexpected hit from claims associated with “COVID-19” — with an $18 billion drop in “net gains from operations” in 2020 as compared to 2019.
While no one, as of yet, is commenting on 2021 or discussing whether the life insurance industry may have underestimated the lethality of COVID vaccines, OneAmerica’s Davison did go so far as to admit that payouts related to the unprecedented 40% increase in working-age deaths will be in excess of $100 million.
On the consumer side of the fence, the picture is far less rosy — for both the unvaccinated and vaccinated.
Meanwhile, many of those injured by COVID vaccines report denials of health and disability insurance coverage.
In December 2020, on the cusp of the vaccine rollout, a spokesman for the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) pledged to beef up claims-handling capacity for the government’s Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program (CICP) in anticipation of a “potential influx of COVID-19 claims.”
The “black hole” program, ostensibly available to dispense compensation for COVID vaccine injuries, is notoriously stingy and has a one-year statute of limitations. Thus far, CICP has only compensated one of the thousands of COVID-vaccine-related claims submitted.
40% — India, too, not just Indiana
For the time being, at least, other U.S. insurers do not appear to be sharing data or observations about increased non-COVID hospitalization and death claims.
But the press in India is openly discussing the same unprecedented trends as Indiana.
The Times of India reported in late October that health insurers are seeing a “huge surge in non-COVID claims.” Again, citing the magic number of 40%, the head of interventional cardiology at a Mumbai hospital noted a 40% increase in heart problems — acute coronary syndrome, sudden heart attacks and cardiac arrest — over the previous six to eight months
The cardiologist also observed that “even patients who have been stable for years are coming in with acute heart emergencies.”
That same month, the New Indian Express reported on widespread concern about the growing prevalence of heart attacks in those under age 45. Although these young adults — including a number of celebrities — typically have “no conventional risk factors,” Indian heart doctors are blaming the mysterious rise in heart attacks on “lifestyle choices.”
Around the same time in late December that OneAmerica’s Davison shared his remarks, Fortune India reported on data from the nation’s Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority showing a 41% increase (there’s that number again) in death claims in fiscal year 2021. In comparison, death claims rose by 11% in fiscal year 2020.
Describing the increase in non-COVID-19 deaths, a life insurance executive suggested the industry might end up posting “a 200-300% increase in claims” for 2021. For now, however, 18 of the 24 life insurance companies operating in India in 2020-21 are reporting profits.
India launched the “world’s biggest” COVID vaccination drive in January 2021, primarily administering AstraZeneca’s vaccine (manufactured by India’s Serum Institute under the brand name Covishield) and Covaxin, an India-developed vaccine perceived as having garnered a “hasty” approval and which resulted in one acknowledged death during clinical trials.
And, to get 2022 off to an ambitious start, India just administered Covaxin to more than 3.8 million teenagers (ages 15-18) in the span of a single day. With 120 million youngsters between ages 15 and 19,
Meanwhile, with no long-term safety data and VAERS reports of COVID vaccine injuries passing the one million mark, including tens of thousands of adverse events reported for 5- to 17-year-olds, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) just okayed Pfizer booster shots for American teens ages 12 and up.
Ethical doctors have been issuing urgent warnings about the dangers of COVID vaccines for children and adolescents for months — but the FDA’s and CDC’s paid stooges continue to ignore them.
Now, lest the censorious herds descend upon my head, I should mention that I have taken both doses of the vaccine. I also encourage readers to take the vaccine, particularly if you are elderly.
Unfortunately, in our modern world the elites on both sides of politics, especially on the left, no longer believe in free speech. Instead, they believe in controlling the narrative and naming anything they disagree with as “misinformation” or “disinformation.”
Joe Rogan usually tells the truth
Of course, Rogan’s actual “crime” is that he thinks for himself, something that is frowned upon by the elites nowadays as it makes it harder for them to control the narrative. He is one of few who speak the truth about Vaccines, the fake TV news has hidden a great deal of truth from the people
In 2019, official death estimates, 2,854,838 Americans died, CDC US death statistics show over 3.34 million total deaths in 2020 — at least 20% more deaths than in 2019. The CDC this week also revised its estimate of life expectancy for 2020. Life expectancy at birth that year was 77 years, a decrease of 1.8 years from 2019. The report presents a final tally for last year of about 3.384 million U.S. deaths, about 25,000 more than a provisional count released earlier this year.
February 16, appears to be important date for possible Ukraine invasion.
January 2022 MUFON Sighting Reports
United States 426, United Kingdom 45, Canada 21, Australia 11, France 6, Ireland 3, Mexico 3, Japan 3, India 3, Spain 3, Germany 2, Sweden 2 Netherlands 2, Belgium 2, Puerto Rico 2, Italy 2, Philippines 2, Iceland 2, Columbia 1, Poland 1 Malaysia 1
Sighting Reports by State
California 42, Florida 32, Texas 32, New York 19, Missouri 18, Pennsylvania 144, North Carolina 14, Ohio 14, Tennessee 14, Washington 13 Michigan 13, Georgia 11, Oklahoma 13, South Carolina 11, New Jersey 10, Massachusetts 10, Oregon 10, Colorado 10, Kentucky 10, Illinois 9, Nevada 9, Connecticut 7, Louisiana 4, Maryland 4, Kansas 4, West Virginia 3, Iowa 3, Alabama 2, Nebraska 2, Idaho 2, Virginia 2, South Dakota 2, Mississippi 2, Delaware 2, Montana `, Maine 1, Vermont 1, Rhode Island 1, District of Columbia 1.
U.S. Air Force Major George Filer belongs to the generation of pilots and airmen who first became aware of the strange aircraft showing up in the Earth’s atmosphere after World War II. These men – military professionals who flew planes, served as radar operators and air traffic controllers at air fields around the world – began to whisper amongst themselves about encounters with suspected extraterrestrial aircraft.
During secret debriefings at U.S. bases, pilots and air crew told their commanders of seeing UFOs off their plane’s wings. Award-winning investigative author John Guerra spent four years interviewing Filer, a decorated intelligence officer.
From objects in the skies over Cold War Europe to a UFOs over during the Cuban Missile Crisis to lights over the DMZ in Vietnam Filer leaves nothing out about his Air Force UFO encounters,
Filer’s most memorable case – the shooting of an alien at Fort Dix Army Base in 1978 – is fully recounted for the first time in this book. As a member of the Disclosure Project, military experts, astronauts, and scientists urge the U.S. government to release all it knows about UFOs to the public.
Filer describes his UFO encounters in this incredible book, by John L. Guerra.
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Filer’s Files Feb. 14 2022 - CIA Director addresses UFOs - PART II
Lincoln, Nebraska on February 1, 2022
Filer’s Files Feb. 14 2022 - CIA Director addresses UFOs - PART II
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
Special reports are:Former CIA Director addresses UFOs, UFO Over Washington DC, UFO over disasters, Apollo 16 UFO, Looks Good for Standard Dark Energy, Disc Observed Following ISS,, Insurance Companies Claim 45% increase non Virus Deaths and Kronenberger Jewelry
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Massachusetts, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Belize, Canada, Indonesia, Italy, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force and DOD investigated UFOs publicly for more than forty years; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFOs are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors. Like my site? Spread the word!
UFO Sightings in the United States
Sightings are from MUFON CMS
Arizona Cylinder
Phoenixin 2015 revisited I took this photo in Phoenix in 2015. I just came across it again. It was a UFO kind of night. What could this be with strange, shaped cylinder with various bumps except for smooth nose on left side.? To the honor and glory of God. Thanks to Dan Johnson
California Object
Hollywoodon January 19, 2022, a swarm of a dozen or more white objects was sighted hovering slowly moving northward and out of sight. At first glance, they were thought to be balloons but then noticed objects drifting NW then returning to their previous positions in the sky. the lack of sound and high altitude combined with the number of objects ruled out drones. Upon examination of photos taken, there was black orbs flying within the formation that was not visible to the eye. Positive lift with no visible means of sustaining flight or propulsion. Photograph similar to description…
Colorado Disc
Colorado SpringsCarmella May Dunkin stood on her deck facing west towards the Rocky Mountains and took two photographs of the clouds on a partially cloudy morning. Once she viewed what she photographed, she realized that she captured an image of six objects over the Florissant, Colorado, area. Florissant is a small town in the mountains approximately 32 miles northwest of Colorado Springs that is the location of Petersen Air Force Base and the US Air Force Academy, North American Aerospace Command (NORAD) and the 21st Space Wing. Case 113724
Connecticut Object
North Grosvenordaleon January 27, 2022, Cigar shaped object flying Overhead. Depiction.
Florida Lights
Naplesin 2022, Tessa was taking photographs and a video of her friend on top of a parking garage at sunset. While watching the video of a young man on the roof, an object in the distance is ascending until it is out of sight.
The “disc” made no sound or emissions was between 30 feet to 100 feet in diameter. If it’s a mechanical device, the object has light-green exterior light on its left side and a pinkish exterior light on the right side. The surfaces are black on top and grey below. It may have been a a seagull. Case 113396
Massachusetts Light
Greenfield – on – January 25, 2022, at around 6:30 PM to I stepped out of my back door at 6:40 PM look up to see the airplanes flying over. I see the ISS because I have that App and I look Northeast, and I thought it was the ISS. I saw a bright light bigger than what I thought was the ISS come on and it was like it jumped over the thing and was moving north! Then it turned left and shot out into space with a streak of light until it disappeared. I was shaking and surprised so much; I knew I should report this. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/
Nebraska Lights
Lincoln on February 1, 2022, two lights were observed moving quickly. The larger light flew towards the smaller light and appeared the same while in the distance.
New Jersey Lights
Kenilworth– on December 1, 2021, thought it was a helicopter or plane then it morphed and flew up. You can see it on video taken from my phone.
Springfield Twp.On August 10, 2021, at 21:15:00Triangle shape when you zoom in on still pic. Object continues in one area in the sky with abrupt movements up and then back down again in the same spot as a flash.
New York Light
Hilton on January 8, 2022, bright hovering object recently seen on clear nights. Still image of bright hovering object extracted from video. Note: It was planet Jupiter. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/
Oregon Disk
Eagle Point on February 2, 2022, I was looking for an address of a TV show location and noticed a saucer shaped item over some hills in the background.
South Carolina Orbs
Hollywoodon November 24, 202, woman reported seeing two extremely bright flying objects and took photos. The witness was on the Savannah Highway around power lines at 12:30 a.m. I was driving home from work last night and saw a very bright light in the distance. Case 119406.
Tennessee Light
Memphis on January 31, 2022, I was flying southwest at 20 miles Northwest of Memphis, at (18:55 Local’. We were flying from New York to Dallas. I saw a glowing blue object within a donut formation. The object was estimated at 41,000 feet. The object was at an 11 o’clock position and I estimate was at a distance of 15 to 20 miles. The object was moving about, and I don’t attribute this to autokinesis. The center object vanished, and the donut formation dissipated a minute later. I was flying at 38,000 feet at a ground speed of 445 knots. Skies were clear and visibility was unlimited at flight level. There was a scattered cloud layer below us at about 10,000. I saw the object for about 5 minutes. The first officer also saw it.
Note: The pilot later identified his own sighting. He found some photos of the second stage rocket booster of the Falcon 9 rocket and said that this looked just like what he saw. A Falcon 9 rocket was launched from Cape Canaveral by Space X at 6:11 PM EST on Jan 31, 2022. An Italian Radar Satellite was placed in polar orbit. The 2nd stage of the rocket was what the pilot observed.
Texas Objects
Katyon December 26, 2021, I decided to film the sky in slow motion for about 20-30 seconds. My film revealed objects which based on the distance covered in slow motion which reduces 5 times actual. They travel at 1,300 to 3,600 mph and cannot be seen by the naked eye. It has been three months and I still see activity. There are small ones I call trash cans flying. The orb photo came out of the cloud in a circle with a green and later a yellow color. The object then changed shape.
This is happening in my backyard. Every so often I film to see if they are still active.
Note: The witness also sent still images of objects on Jan 12 and Jan 19 of 2022. These images (screen shots) are not shown. One of the images appears to be of a conventional aircraft. The Dec 27, 2021, image shows a cigar and a spherical shaped object while the Dec 26, 2021, image shows two spherical shaped objects. The objects in both images are out-of-focus and could have conventional explanations but will classify as unidentified. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/
Virginia Light
The camera was on a tripod, and I took 19 photos before this showed up in 6 pictures after the first and similar pics were in everyone until I stopped taking pictures.
I know that the pics look highly pixilated, but this is actually what the camera saw. There were other lights in the sky if you make the picture larger. This shows that the ships are positioning themselves. r disclosure. To the honor and glory of God, Dan
Worldwide UFO Sightings
Australia Disc
Brisbane on September-20,2019, disk blue mist travelling at tree top level along line of four cars behind line of four cars. Depiction.
Belize Lights
Belize City on January 1, 2022, two orange orbs and stationary light videotaped. We were recently in Belize for vacation and saw some strange lights that we would like to get a second look at.
Note: Two videos were taken. One of the videos shows two orange orbs and the other a bright stationary light. The orange orbs could be Chinese Orbs and the other light could be a bright planet (Jupiter). Jupiter and Venus were both visible, but Jupiter was higher in the sky.
Canada Object
Oshawa, Ontario, on November 8, 2021, I thought to share a friend’s remarkable photo taken at 5:54 PM near dusk. He was on his balcony facing west. He noticed a missile or an unknown spacecraft the front top reveals a small dome like structure cockpit. He believes it to be supersonic. It was found in only one photo.
Note: This is a strange looking rocket. As was pointed out one wonders about the “dome” on the rocket. Could it be a model rocket? I doubt if the Canadian Military would be launching any rockets in this area. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/
Indonesia Light
Jakarta, – January 23, 2022, bright light observed.
Runorn, Englandon January 6, 2022, there were hardly any clouds in the sky when I saw a dark object fly passed with a grayish color and was triangle in shape with three shapes underneath and wondered if it maybe landing gear It moved faster than planes, looked big and silent near Liverpool Airport so she is familiar with the type of aircraft that fly over. a little rounded at each end saw it pass over heading towards the airport. Liverpool Airport claimed Irish Ryanair Boeing 737 landed about that time.
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Filer’s Files is copyrighted 2021 by George A. Filer, all rights reserved. Readers may post the COMPLETE files on their Web Sites if they credit the newsletter and its editor by name and list the date of issue. These reports and comments are not necessarily the OFFICIAL MUFON viewpoint. Send your letters to Majorstar@verizon.net
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Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women Georgie Filer and Eddie Pedrick my grandsons who both drowned. These files could not be published without the help of my beloved wife who cooks, cleans, washes, etc., and handles the finances. We pray that God will bless those who read these files spiritually
I often use live cams to hunt UFOs...which I was doing last night, when I found this amazing and wonderful sighting off the island of Oahu. The two tiny islands in the video are small sleeping volcanos. But there are probably people living on those islands. However this object which first looks like a meteor and then like a plane...kept coming back three times. On the third time...it flew lower and its reflection could be seen on the surface of the ocean. It hovered in place on the far right of the island...still over the water not the the island...where it sat and flashed for about 20 seconds before it flew away. This UFO looks similar to the glowing white orb seen over Dome of Rock holy of hollies in Jerusalem many years ago. This was recorded at 2:56AM...which makes it more mysterious because who would be flying an aircraft without landing it at that hour? Aliens would be. Startling proof that aliens are active at volcanos in Hawaii.
Missing 411 - Disappearances in Idaho, Latest Research
Missing 411 - Disappearances in Idaho, Latest Research
Author and investigator David Paulides has focused his attention for the last 11 years on evidence of people vanishing in the wilderness under mysterious circumstances.
In the first half, he discussed his newest research: disappearances in Idaho and how cases of missing people cluster in various areas.
He outlined a set of "profile points" or commonalities in the incidents he's studied, which include the lost discovered in areas that were previously searched numerous times, and when found alive, they have a lack of memory about what happened.
APOCALYPTIC Sky Sounds Are STILL Being Heard WORLDWIDE (2022)
APOCALYPTIC Sky Sounds Are STILL Being Heard WORLDWIDE (2022)
What’s that sound? Many scientists have come up with curious answers to explain some of the mysterious noises found in nature, while others are discovering strange new sounds from the extremes of the Earth and outer space. So far there is no explanation what is causing these scary sounds.
Commenters:
I’m wondering if this is the reason why people are beginning to lose their minds. We’re surrounded by a magnetic field that is constantly putting out a constant vibrational sound. It’s just so low that we can’t hear it but I really think this could be what is causing the edgy feeling that everyone is seeming to have.
Has anyone ever considered these sounds could be practice runs for something related to Project Blue Beam?
There’s been a lot of talk in the last year about how an “alien” invasion could be the next big threat to earth and inexplicable sounds from the sky that happen to sound very similar to sound effects from the film war of the worlds would go very well with that agenda if you ask me.
Meer plastic dan zoogdieren: planeet kan chemische vervuiling niet meer dragen
De vervuiling door chemische stoffen brengt de stabiliteit van ecosystemen wereldwijd in gevaar. Vooral plasticvervuiling baart zorgen. “De totale massa aan plastic is nu groter dan die van levende zoogdieren”, waarschuwen wetenschappers in de Britse krant ‘The Guardian’.
Volgens een studie gepubliceerd in het wetenschappelijk tijdschrift ‘Environmental Science & Technology’ kan onze planeet geen extra chemische vervuiling aan.
Met een cocktail van 350.000 synthetische stoffen uitgevonden door de mens, waarvan aanzienlijke hoeveelheden in de atmosfeer terechtkomen of rechtstreeks of onrechtstreeks in het milieu, “zijn de gevolgen die we beginnen te zien groot genoeg om de kritieke functies van de planeet Aarde en haar ecosystemen aan te tasten”, zegt Bethanie Carney Almroth, mede-auteur van de studie van het onderzoekscentrum Stockholm Resilience Centre, in een interview met het Franse nieuwsagentschap AFP.
Daarvoor stelden de wetenschappers een planetaire grens vast. Dat is het punt waarop we als mens de planeet zodanig hebben vervuild dat het de stabiliteit van de afgelopen 10.000 jaar in gevaar brengt. Zo doden pesticiden veel insecten die fundamenteel zijn voor ecosystemen en daardoor zorgen voor propere lucht, water en voedsel.
De wetenschappers die het onderzoek deden, zeggen dat strengere regels nodig zijn. Zo moet er in de toekomst een limiet komen op de productie van chemische stoffen en op hoeveel ervan in de natuur mogen vrijkomen.
By a stroke of luck, a team led by Dutch Ph.D. student Martijn Oei has discovered a radio galaxy of at least 16 million light-years long. The pair of plasma plumes is the largest structure made by a galaxy known thus far. The finding disproves some long-kept hypotheses about the growth of radio galaxies.
A supermassive black hole lurks in the center of many galaxies, which slows down the birth of new stars and therefore strongly influences the lifecycle of the galaxy as a whole. Sometimes, this leads to tumultuous scenes: the black hole can create two jet streams, that catapult the building material for baby stars out of the galaxy at almost the speed of light. In this violent process, the stardust heats up so much that it dissolves into plasma and glows in radio light. The international team of researchers from Leiden (The Netherlands), Hertfortshire, Oxford (both UK), and Paris (France) have now collected that light—with the pan-European LOFAR telescope, whose epicenter lies in a marshy Dutch 'radio dark' nature reserve, where your smartphone deliberately loses signal.
Record length
The picture of the two plasma plumes is special, because never before scientists saw a structure this big made by a single galaxy. The discovery shows that the sphere of influence of some galaxies reaches far from their direct environment. How far, exactly? That is hard to determine. Astronomical pictures are taken from a single viewpoint (Earth), and therefore do not contain depth.As a result, scientists can only measure a part of the radio galaxy length: a low estimate of the total length. But even that lower bound, of more than 16 million light-years, is gargantuan, and comparable to one hundred Milky Ways in a row.
Visible with the naked radio eye
Because Earth does not occupy a special place in the universe, it was never very likely that such a largest galactic structure would reside in our own backyard. And indeed: the radio giant is three billion light-years away from us. Despite that mind-boggling distance, the giant looms as large in the sky as the moon—an indication that the structure had to have a record length. The fact that the radio eyes of the LOFAR telescope only saw the giant just now, is because the plumes are relatively faint. By reprocessing a set of existing images in such a way that subtle patterns stood out, the scientists were suddenly able to spot the giant.
The giant Alcyoneus
The researchers named the giant structure Alcyoneus, after the son of Ouranos, the Greek primordial god of the sky. This mythological Alcyoneus was a giant that fought against Heracles and other Olympians for supremacy over the cosmos. In the world-famous Pergamon Altar in Berlin, a sculpture of this Alcyoneus is carved out.
Ghostly dance
Alcyoneus' plumes possibly reveal information about the mostly elusive filaments of the Cosmic Web. The Cosmic Web is another name for the contemporary, grown-up universe, that looks like a network of threads and nodes that astronomers call filaments and clusters, respectively. The galaxies in filaments and clusters are clearly visible themselves, but detecting the medium between galaxies has only been successful in clusters—barring a handful of exceptions. Could Alcyoneus change this?
Because Alcyoneus, just like the Milky Way, inhabits a filament, its plumes feel a headwind while moving through the medium. This subtly changes the direction and shape of the plumes: They perform a slow dance with an invisible partner. For many years, scientists have proposed that the shapes of and pressures in the plumes of radio galaxies could relate to filament properties, but never before did they find an example where that connection is as plausible as with Alcyoneus. Namely, Alcyoneus' plumes are so big and rarefied that the surrounding medium can relatively easily mold them.
Black holes are cosmic mainstays
The Cosmic Web retains its form because the attractive force of gravity is compensated by the heat pressure of the medium in filaments and clusters. In the past two decennia it has become clear that the glowing stardust that jet streams eject from galaxies, keeps the Web warm. In this way, the central black holes in galaxies contribute to sustain the large-scale structure of our universe. That is extra noteworthy because black holes are very small compared to filaments and clusters. It is as if something the size of a marble regulates the Earth's temperature.
Mysterious origin
What has given Alcyoneus its record length, remains a mystery for now. The scientists first thought of an exceptionally massive black hole, an extensive stellar population (and so a lot of stardust), or extraordinarily powerful jet streams. Surprisingly enough, Alcyoneus appears to be less than average on all these aspects compared to its smaller sisters and brothers. In the times ahead, the team will therefore now investigate whether the environments of radio galaxies could explain the growth of giants instead.
Astronomen ontdekken per toeval grootste radiosterrenstelsel ooit: “Vergelijkbaar met honderd Melkwegen op een rij”
Per toeval heeft een team van astronomen het grootste radiosterrenstelsel ooit ontdekt. Het stelsel is minstens 16 miljoen lichtjaar lang, vergelijkbaar met honderd Melkwegen op een rij. Dat meldt de Universiteit van Leiden. De structuur voldoet niet aan eerdere ideeën over de vorming van een radiostelsel, aldus onderzoeksleider Martijn Oei.
Voor een ander onderzoek moesten bestaande astronomische foto’s opnieuw gemaakt worden, maar dan op lage resolutie. Daarop zag Oei twee grote pluimen, het tot dan toe nog onontdekte radiosterrenstelsel. “Ik wist toen nog nauwelijks wat radiosterrenstelsels waren. Met een online calculator probeerde ik even uit te rekenen hoe groot dat stelsel dan moest zijn, en dat was groter dan waar ik ooit van had gehoord.” Radiostelsels zijn uitvloeisels van sterrenstelsels, legt Oei uit. In een sterrenstelsel vindt een soort eruptie plaats die materiaal van het sterrenstelsel naar buiten schiet.
Bestaande theorieën overboord
Samen met het team probeerde hij te achterhalen hoe het mogelijk was dat dit radiostelsel zo ver reikt. De bestaande oorzaken moesten de onderzoekers echter één voor één overboord gooien. “Misschien was er een groot zwart gat, bevatte het stelsel heel veel sterren of waren de straalstromen heel krachtig”, zegt Oei. “Maar dat was allemaal niet het geval, het stelsel is in die opzichten heel gemiddeld.” In de studie noemen de onderzoekers het stelsel ook wel “verdacht gewoon”.
De komende tijd gaan de wetenschappers daarom meer onderzoek doen naar de oorzaak voor de grootte van het radiosterrenstelsel. De indrukwekkende vondst kreeg de naam Alcyoneus, naar de machtigste van de Giganten (een soort reuzen in de Griekse mythologie). “Er is nog één theorie die we moeten testen”, vertelt Oei. “Het zou kunnen dat het stelsel zich in een ijle omgeving bevindt, waardoor het radiostelsel verder reikt.”
The radio lobes of Alcyoneus.
( Oei et al., arXiv, 2022)
Even groot als maan
Door het onderzoek is in elk geval duidelijk dat sommige sterrenstelsels tot ver buiten hun directe omgeving nog invloed hebben op hun radiostelsel. Het is ook mogelijk dat Alcyoneus nog groter is dan 16 miljoen lichtjaar. De Aarde bevindt zich op zo’n 3 miljard lichtjaar van het radiosterrenstelsel. Van bij ons gezien zou het stelsel ongeveer even groot aan de hemel moeten zijn als de maan.
De wetenschappers van de universiteiten in Leiden, Hertfordshire, Oxford en Parijs publiceren het onderzoek binnenkort in het vakblad ‘Astronomy & Astrophysics’.
A supermassive black hole has been discovered hiding inside a cloud of cosmic dust at the center of a galaxy 47 million light years from the Earth.
Detailed images of the dust cloud were taken using the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope Interferometer (ESO's VLTI), in Chile.
They turned the observatory to the galaxy Messier 77, which is about 47 million light years away, finding a thick ring of cosmic dust, hiding a supermassive black hole.
Where exactly within this cloud of dust the black hole sits has been a mystery for decades, but the team used the detailed images from VLTI to measure the temperature at different points within the cloud, creating a map.
Known as an active galactic nuclei (AGN), the cloud surrounding the black hole are feeding it, letting off intense light that can outshine stars in the galaxy.
These are some of the brightest and most mysterious objects in the universe, sitting at the heart of galaxies - and the findings could help pin down the history of the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, Sagittarius A*.
This image, captured with the MATISSE instrument on ESO’s Very Large Telescope Interferometer, shows the very inner region of the active galaxy Messier 77.
Before the gas and dust in an AGN is eaten up by the black hole, the material spirals towards it, releasing huge amounts of energy in the process, often outshining all the stars in the galaxy - as viewed by telescopes on the Earth.
Finding the black hole, which emits no light of its own, is a tricky process that involves solving a detailed puzzle.
The team used detailed images, and analysis of changes in dust temperature to build a picture of the dust and pinpoint where the black hole must lie.
The astronomers suggest the dust with the black hole at its core supports a decades-old model, known as the Unified Model of AGNs.
Violeta Gamez Rosas, lead researcher, said: 'The real nature of the dust clouds and their role in both feeding the black hole and determining how it looks when viewed from Earth have been central questions in AGN studies over the last three decades.
Spiral galaxy Messier 77 and its surroundings are visible here. Messier 77 appears at the centre and the edge-on galaxy NGC 1055 to its upper-right
ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) has captured a magnificent face-on view of the barred spiral galaxy Messier 77. Hidden at the center is a supermassive black hole
BLACK HOLES HAVE A GRAVITATIONAL PULL SO STRONG NOT EVEN LIGHT CAN ESCAPE
Black holes are so dense and their gravitational pull is so strong that no form of radiation can escape them - not even light.
They act as intense sources of gravity which hoover up dust and gas around them. Their intense gravitational pull is thought to be what stars in galaxies orbit around.
How they are formed is still poorly understood. Astronomers believe they may form when a large cloud of gas up to 100,000 times bigger than the sun, collapses into a black hole.
Many of these black hole seeds then merge to form much larger supermassive black holes, which are found at the centre of every known massive galaxy.
Alternatively, a supermassive black hole seed could come from a giant star, about 100 times the sun's mass, that ultimately forms into a black hole after it runs out of fuel and collapses.
When these giant stars die, they also go 'supernova', a huge explosion that expels the matter from the outer layers of the star into deep space.
Whilst no single result will settle all the questions we have, we have taken a major step in understanding how AGNs work.'
These bright phenomena were first spotted in the 1950s, and astronomers have been curious about them ever since.
Using the Very Large Telescope Interferometer, the researchers have taken a step towards understanding how they work and what they look like up close.
Astronomers know there are different types of AGN, with some appearing brighter than others, and the model states that despite their differences, they all have the same basic structure – a supermassive black hole surrounded by a thick ring of dust.
According to the 30-year old Unified Model of AGNs, which these observations confirm, any difference in appearance between AGNs results from the angle at which the black hole and its thick ring are seen from Earth.
The type of AGN seen depends on how much of the space dust ring blocks the black hole from view, sometimes completely hiding it.
Astronomers had found some evidence to support the Unified Model before, including spotting warm dust at the centre of Messier 77.
However, doubts remained about whether this dust could completely hide a black hole and hence explain why this AGN shines less brightly in visible light than others.
Ms Gamez Rosas said: 'Our results should lead to a better understanding of the inner workings of AGNs. They could also help us better understand the history of the Milky Way, which harbours a supermassive black hole at its centre that may have been active in the past.'
This chart shows the location of the active galaxy Messier 77 in the constellation of Cetus (The Sea Monster). It shows most stars visible to the unaided eye on a dark and clear night
This illustration shows what the core of Messier 77 might look like. As other active galactic nuclei, the central region of Messier 77 is powered by a black hole that is surrounded by a thin accretion disc, which itself is surrounded by a thick ring or torus of gas and dust
The team also used data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, co-owned by ESO, and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory’s Very Long Baseline Array to construct their picture.
The researchers are now looking to use ESO's VLTI to find more supporting evidence of the Unified Model of AGNs by considering a larger sample of galaxies.
Team member Bruno Lopez, the MATISSE Principal Investigator at the Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur in Nice, France, said: 'Messier 77 is an important prototype AGN and a wonderful motivation to expand our observing programme and to optimise MATISSE to tackle a wider sample of AGNs.'
ESO's Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), set to begin observing later this decade, will also aid the search, providing results that will complement the team's findings and allow them to explore the interaction between AGNs and galaxies.
THE VERY LARGE TELESCOPE IS A POWERFUL GROUND-BASED INSTRUMENT IN CHILE
The European Southern Observatory (ESO) built the most powerful telescope ever made in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile.
It is called the Very Large Telescope (VLT) and is widely regarded as one of the most advanced optical instruments ever made.
It consists of four telescopes, whose main mirrors measures 27 feet (8.2 metres) in diameter.
There are also four movable six feet (1.8 metre) diameter auxiliary telescopes.
The large telescopes are called Antu, Kueyen, Melipal and Yepun.
The European Southern observatory (ESO) built the most powerful telescope ever made in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile and called it the Very Large Telescope (VLT).
The first of the Unit Telescopes, 'Antu', went into routine scientific operations on April 1, 1999.
The telescopes can work together to form a giant 'interferometer'.
This interferometer allows images to be filtered for any unnecessary obscuring objects and, as a result, astronomers can see details up to 25 times finer than with the individual telescopes.
It has been involved in spotting the first image of an extrasolar planet as well as tracking individual stars moving around the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way.
It also observed the afterglow of the furthest known Gamma Ray Burst.
Superzwaar zwart gat verscholen in een ring van kosmisch stof
In het centrum van het sterrenstelsel Messier 77 is een wolk van kosmisch stof waargenomen die een superzwaar zwart gat aan het zicht onttrekt, zo heeft de Europese Zuidelijke Sterrenwacht (ESO) woensdag bekendgemaakt. De ontdekking bevestigt voorspellingen van zo'n dertig jaar geleden en geeft astronomen nieuw inzicht in de 'actieve galactische kernen', die tot de helderste en meest raadselachtige objecten in het heelal behoren.
Actieve galactische kernen (Engelse afkorting: AGNs) zijn extreem energetische bronnen, aangedreven door superzware zwarte gaten, die zich in het centrum van sommige sterrenstelsels bevinden. Deze zwarte gaten voeden zich met grote hoeveelheden kosmisch stof en gas. Voordat dit materiaal wordt opgeslokt, spiraalt het naar het zwarte gat, en daarbij komen enorme hoeveelheden energie vrij. Daardoor straalt een actieve kern vaak feller dan alle sterren in het omringende sterrenstelsel bij elkaar. Al vanaf het moment dat wetenschappers deze heldere objecten in de jaren vijftig voor het eerst opmerkten, zijn astronomen nieuwsgierig naar AGNs.
Een team onder leiding van Violeta Gámez Rosas van de Universiteit Leiden loerde nu met de VLT-telescoop in Chili naar het centrum van het sterrenstelsel Messier 77, ook bekend als NGC 1068. De vorsers ontdekten een dikke ring van kosmisch stof en gas die een superzwaar zwart gat verbergt. De ontdekking levert cruciaal bewijs voor een dertig jaar oude theorie die het Unified Model of AGNs wordt genoemd.
Er zijn verschillende soorten AGN's. Sommige AGN's produceren bijvoorbeeld uitbarstingen van radiostraling en andere niet; en sommige AGN's zijn heldere bronnen van zichtbaar licht, terwijl andere - zoals Messier 77 - meer getemperd zijn. Het Uniform Model stelt dat alle AGN's - ondanks hun grote onderlinge verschillen - dezelfde basisstructuur hebben: ze bestaan uit een superzwaar zwart gat, omgeven door een dikke ring van stof.
Volgens het model zijn de verschillende verschijningsvormen van AGN's eenvoudigweg het gevolg van de hoek waaronder we het zwarte gat en de dikke ring vanaf de Aarde waarnemen. Het soort AGN hangt af van de mate waarin de ring het zwarte gat aan het zicht onttrekt en in sommige gevallen zelfs helemaal verbergt.
Now look at this! Its a UFO sphere on live cam, but its over the Washington DC area...not far from the US Presidential White House. That really tells me a lot right there! Aliens clearly were trying to observe and record the US presidents emotions and thought using telepathic abilities. President Biden is under a lot of stress right now from Russia wanting to go to war with Ukraine...and China doing the same with Taiwan. Stress levels in the White House right now are off the charts. Nuclear war is a possibility. And Aliens want to know, not so much for saving humanity as much as keeping their planet safe. Yes, this planet belonged to aliens long before humanity even existed. And we claim it to be ours. It's like a kid saying the house is belongs to him...but it's really his fathers. This video is 100% proof that aliens are watching US President Biden ever move, feeling and thought.
Aliens in the UK! For this list, Watchmojo UK counts down the most infamous, unusual and unexplained alien encounters ever to take place in Britain. Featuring unidentified alien spaceships, bizarre UFO formations, and incredible UFO footage that needs to be seen to be believed!
Top 10 Alien Close Encounters in England
UFOs in the UK! For this list, WatchMojo UK counts down the greatest, most infamous and most difficult to explain alien close encounters in England. Featuring out of this world stories about (potentially) out of this world beings, which of these has most convinced you that aliens exist??
The US Airforce Soldier Who Faced Aliens | Retold
The Rendlesham UFO Incident is the biggest UFO incident in the UK. There are audio recordings of the airforce talking about these UFO sightings.
'Paranormal Files' is a series that examines extraordinary stories that have happened to ordinary people. These events include some of the most controversial cases recorded in the UK.
Insane UFO Encounters (Full Documentary) | Top 20 UFO Cases Of ALL TIME
UFO’s are real and the government and military forces on Earth know it. Explore suppressed and hidden information about the strangest and most fantastic UFO incidents in history. You will be amazed and bewildered by countless UFO sightings by highly credible witnesses that defy explanation. UFO’s are here whether we like it or not, and their technology far exceeds ours. If they decided to take over the human race, there would be little our government and military factions could do about it. Learn about the deception and cover-up of the UFO Phenomenon.
Aliens and UFOs are more real than ever before. Thousands of sightings by highly credible witnesses worldwide cannot be denied. The big question is not whether the Aliens are here among us, monitoring us perhaps preparing us for some kind of end game that will change humanity forever, but why is the government and military still denying the fact that we are not alone? While many of the sightings every year are debunked, it’s the ones that defy description, obliterate our notions of psychics and science and exhibit other worldly capabilities beyond our grasp. The mind blowing bizarre and most mysterious Alien Encounters of all.
40 years ago, a remote forest in Suffolk was the scene of one of the most famous purported UFO sightings in history. The Rendlesham UFO sighting. So what happened, and will we ever know for sure? Larry Warren and Georgina Bruni claim to have witnessed alien life forms. They saw a giant object that had landed on the earth’s surface. They say the massive shape was more than 50ft wide, had a strong definition, was multiple colors, and the most important thing about this incident was that were more than 30 witnesses in this sighting. The United States Air Force (USAF) security personnel stationed at nearby RAF Woodbridge had even reported seeing strange lights in the surrounding forest.
THE ALIEN LOVE BITE - Alien abductees intermittently taken by human military or “secret government” for interrogation purposes about alien contacts *MUST WATCH* [ THE MICHAEL DECON PROGRAM ]
THE ALIEN LOVE BITE - Alien abductees intermittently taken by human military or “secret government” for interrogation purposes about alien contacts *MUST WATCH* [ THE MICHAEL DECON PROGRAM ]
Eve Lorgen dedicated counseling and hypnotherapy professional, author, anomalous trauma researcher, Hatha yogi, and Taoist Chi Gong practitioner. She began her pioneering work with alien abductees, “milabs” and mind control victims while earning her Masters’s Degree in Counseling Psychology in 1992. She also holds a BS in Biochemistry and worked in the Biotechnology industry for 7 years. Eve started a support group in 1994 in San Diego County, CA for experiencers of anomalous trauma and continues to consult with anomalous trauma clients worldwide today while living in Western North Carolina. She was a close associate of the late Barbara Bartholic and is dedicated to continuing and expanding the work of the late Dr. Karla Turner.
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Planet Found in the Habitable Zone of a White Dwarf
Planet Found in the Habitable Zone of a White Dwarf
Most stars will end their lives as white dwarfs. White dwarfs are the remnant cores of once-luminous stars like our Sun, but they’ve left their lives of fusion behind and no longer generate heat. They’re destined to glow with only their residual energy for billions of years before they eventually fade to black.
Could life eke out an existence on a planet huddled up to one of these fading spectres?
For life to exist around a white dwarf, the white dwarf would have to have planets in its slowly shrinking habitable zone. Astronomers have found what appear to be planets in the habitable zone of a white dwarf about 117 light-years away. The planet might be nestled in a protoplanetary disk of debris.
A new study led by researchers from the University College of London announces the findings. The title is “Relentless and complex transits from a planetesimal debris disc.” It’s published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, and the lead author is Professor Jay Farihi from the UCL Department of Physics & Astronomy.
“This is the first time astronomers have detected any kind of planetary body in the habitable zone of a white dwarf.”
Professor Jay Farihi, UCL Dep’t. of Physics and Astronomy.
The star’s name is WD1054–226. The researchers behind this work observed WD1054-226 for 18 nights with the ESO’s New Technology Telescope (NTT) at their La Silla Observatory, observing dips in starlight as something passed between us and the star. They used the NTT’s ULTRACAM high-speed camera to capture data images of the white dwarf. They also examined data on the same star from NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS.)
The New Technology Telescope at the ESO’s La Silla Observatory. Image Credit: By Masteruk – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3235044
What were the results of those observations?
The team found dips in light that they interpret as 65 clouds of planetary debris. The clouds are evenly spaced and orbit the white dwarf every 25 hours. What causes such regularity? The researchers say that a planet must be there, which forces these debris clouds into a precise orbital pattern. They say the planet is similar in size to rocky planets in our Solar System and that it’s only about 2.5 million km (1.55 million miles) from the star. That’s about 1.7% of the distance between Earth and the Sun.
Alongside the regular dips in starlight is an ever-present obscuration that the team says is debris in a planetary disk around the star. These structures are in a region that would have been overcome when the white dwarf went through its preceding red giant phase. It’s doubtful that any of these structures could have survived the red giant phase, so they must have formed more recently in the aftermath. If there is a planet in the habitable zone, it can’t be a hold-over from the star’s previous life as a main-sequence star. If all of the circumstances lined up just right—and that’s an enormous if—life would potentially have about two billion years to do its thing on the purported planet, with one of those billions in the future.
“This is the first time astronomers have detected any kind of planetary body in the habitable zone of a white dwarf,” said Professor Farihi. The planet’s presence is inferred from the regular dips in the light of all the other objects in the system.
This figure from the study shows the first three nights of ULTRACAM observations of WD1054-226. The figure shows a notable and easily recognized recurring feature, the double-dip structure that recurs every 25.2 hours and occurs just before hours 2, 27, and 52. The authors say that “Using this structure as a visual anchor, the adjacent, antecedent, and subsequent transits can all be seen to have the same morphology over all three nights.”Image Credit: Farihi et al. 2022.
“An exciting possibility is that these bodies are kept in such an evenly-spaced orbital pattern because of the gravitational influence of a nearby major planet,” Professor Farihi said in a press release. “Without this influence, friction and collisions would cause the structures to disperse, losing the precise regularity that is observed. A precedent for this ‘shepherding’ is the way the gravitational pull of moons around Neptune and Saturn helps to create stable ring structures orbiting these planets.”
This image shows Titan in front of Saturn. Several of Saturn’s moons are shepherd moons that help keep the planet’s ring structure stable. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute
Not all of the team’s observational data repeats with predictable regularity. The researchers also found at least two transient drifters in the data. “At least two drifting transits may be seen to recur over three or more nights,” the team writes in their paper. The faster of the two has a period of about 22.9 hours, and the slower of the two has a period of about 25.5 hours.
This figure represents ULTRACAM data showing two transients. The more rapid of the two is on the left in blue, and the slower one is on the right in green. Image Credit: Farihi et al. 2022.
There are indications of other drifters, but their data gets progressively weaker. The team explains this in their paper: “There are a number of dips that are either transient or cannot be confidently shown to recur, which are thus challenging to quantify. It is important to note that the process … can only effectively remove recurring signals where multiple-night coverage is available at a given phase. Thus, some phases will suffer artifacts in this process, especially where coverage – either in the light curve or subtracted data – includes only a single night. Thus, not all light-curve residual structures are real.” Such are the ways of astronomy.
The 65 separate structures the astronomers found could be moons or nascent moons. But if they are, they’re nothing like the moons we’re accustomed to. “The moon-sized structures we have observed are irregular and dusty (e.g. comet-like) rather than solid, spherical bodies. Their absolute regularity is a mystery we cannot currently explain,” said lead author Farihi.
In their paper, the authors explain the 65 structures, saying that “There is no evidence for solid-body transits in any of the data, and the underlying transit sources are presumably relatively small but with extended comae of dust and gas.” That’s where their “comet-like” description comes from. “It cannot yet be determined what fraction of the stellar disc is constantly occluded, which could be significant,” they write. “However, the duration of the transit events provides clear indications that the occulting clouds are non-spherical.”
The data is intriguing, but the authors are the first to point out that any firm conclusions are premature. “The possibility of a major planet in the habitable zone is exciting and also unexpected; we were not looking for this. However, it is important to keep in mind that more evidence is necessary to confirm the presence of a planet. We cannot observe the planet directly, so confirmation may come by comparing computer models with further observations of the star and orbiting debris,” Professor Farihi said.
If there are indeed clouds of material orbiting the white dwarf, they’re likely outside the Roche limit. The authors say that debris clouds probably come from collisions or tidal disruption events. “From a dynamical and evolutionary perspective, the origin of the large occulting clouds is likely the result of tidal disruption or collisions in the vicinity of the Roche limit,” they write in their conclusion.
It’ll be up to further observations with the James Webb Space Telescope to provide better data. The JWST has the power to better define the debris disk and its components. But if there is a roughly Earth-sized rocky planet there, it’s an intriguing possibility with liquid water potential.
Marginally habitable situations may be relatively common in the Milky Way and the Universe. Life might arise countless times and never evolve the complexity that life on Earth has become. The Moons of our Solar System might harbour life for some time. Mars may have harboured life for some time.
Now, maybe, we can add white dwarf planets to that list.
SpaceX ‘destacks’ Starship and Super Heavy: what’s next?
SpaceX ‘destacks’ Starship and Super Heavy: what’s next?
On February 14th, a bit less than four days after the giant rocket was used as a backdrop for CEO Elon Musk’s first Starship presentation in years, SpaceX lifted Starship off of the Super Heavy booster and lowered the upper stage to the ground.
In early August 2021, the same pair – Booster 4 and Ship 20 – were stacked for the first time for what was described as a fit test. After briefly forming the largest rocket ever assembled, the stages were ‘destacked’ about an hour later and would ultimately return to the Starbase factory for finishing touches. Six months, one ship cryoproof, three booster cryoproofs, and three ship static fire tests later, Ship 20 and Booster 4 were once stacked to form a massive 119-meter-tall (390 ft) tall rocket
This time around, Starship S20 was stacked on top of Super Heavy B4 not with a giant crane but with a ‘launch and integration tower’ that had been outfitted with three giant arms in the interim. The tower’s main pair of arms – ‘chopsticks’ – lifted the ~100-ton (~220,000 lb) Starship almost 100 meters off the ground, swung it over Super Heavy, and then carefully lowered the stages until Super Heavy was able to latch on.
On its first true demonstration, the complex process went far smoother than anyone outside of SpaceX expected, taking the tower just four or so hours from the start of the lift to hard mate. On February 10th, shortly before Musk’s Starship update, SpaceX even opened the ‘chopsticks’ to their full breadth, leaving all of Starship S20’s weight on Super Heavy B4 and also demonstrating what the pad will likely look like moments before the first orbital Starship launch.
On February 14th, after about four days fully stacked, the tower arms reattached to Ship 20, detached from Super Heavy, and lowered the Starship back to the ground, where it was eventually installed on a transport stand. Later that night and early the next day, SpaceX then moved the ship to a small concrete pad adjacent to the launch tower that’s believed to be meant for cryogenic proof testing. It’s unclear why SpaceX didn’t tested the fully stacked Starship given that both ship and booster have already completed multiple cryogenic proof tests (or wet dress rehearsals with real propellant) over the last few months.
For the second time in half a year, Ship 20 has been removed from Booster 4.(Richard Angle)
It’s also unclear what more SpaceX can gain from testing Ship 20 on the ground, short of full-stack operations. On Sunday, February 13th, SpaceX did, however, begin filling the orbital launch site’s fuel tanks with liquid methane (LCH4) for the first time. It’s possible that instead of using Ship 20 to test any aspect of the relatively ancient Starship prototype, SpaceX will use Ship 20 to test the orbital tank farm – particularly the fuel side of the farm, which has yet to be tested. Perhaps after testing those systems on the ground, SpaceX will re-stack Ship 20 and Booster 4 and perform a similar wet dress rehearsal to test the tower’s plumbing, the ship-fueling arm, and the overall structural integrity of the fully-stacked rocket.
SpaceX has test windows tentatively scheduled on February 16th, 17th, and 18th.
This is a video by Terrys Theories channel on Youtube. Hes a friend who does some deep investigations into sightings and here he does it again. He got a mail in report about two glowing pink lights in the sky on his way home from work. the lights seem to be huge, about the size of a minivan and the objects shape is very similar to many others seen in past UFO reports. Are aliens looking over Ukraine...trying to prevent, help or just watch and record the future events with Russia? The pressure on Ukraine is huge right now...possible war with Russia may be taking place already as you read this. Aliens often are seen during such events, like the Foo Fighter glowing whit spheres during WWII. Mind boggling stuff.
UFO Flashes To Eyewitnesses At Beach In Brazil, Feb 2, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Flashes To Eyewitnesses At Beach In Brazil, Feb 2, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Feb 2, 2022
Location of sighting: Brazil beach
The spectators watching this UFO over a beach in Brazil really excited the onlookers. You can hear them gasp and ask questions of what it could possibly be. This UFO flashes several times...because its trying to say hello to the people below in the only way its allowed. Every alien species has different contact rules about humans...this one has to keep a distance, but apparently there was no rule about deliberately flashing to catch humans attentions below. Awesome work around and goes to show...even aliens have rules, mandates, necessary things they need to follow. They seem a bit more like us now don't they?
Kid records unknown glowing object...another eyewitness in India UFO Sighting, Video, Feb 14, 2022.
Kid records unknown glowing object...another eyewitness in India UFO Sighting, Video, Feb 14, 2022.
Date of sighting: India Location of sighting: Feb 14, 2022
This is another video of the India event. A young boy recorded the UFO over his area. Since the eyewitness is a child...I didn't want to ask any more information so that his safety is kept. A childs' safety is always most important. But this is clearly the exact same glowing object seen in two earlier posts I made today. Absolutely breaking raw video. Seen over many different cities in India! Aliens are clearly trying to be noticed.
Man Walking On Beach Has First UFO Sighting, Auroville, India. Two Witness Video, News.
Man Walking On Beach Has First UFO Sighting, Auroville, India. Two Witness Video, News.
Date of sighting: Feb 14, 2022
Location of sighting:Auroville, India
This is a mind-blowing event that was seen by thousand of people in India so I'm expecting many videos of this event. I just did an earlier post about the same event, but different eyewitness. Here the eyewitness gives his account and shows raw footage of two eyewitnesses at two different locations. Aliens are really trying to get noticed so that they can make humans accustomed to the existence of other intelligent species...little by little. This is undeniable proof that aliens exist. However...I'm sure the India gov willl come up with some excuse to blame it on military exercises, Venus, swamp gas or some other lame excuse to try to keep the public in the dark about the truth.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
This eyewitness talks about his sighting that took place in India. He states,
"I was walking along the beach this morning. It was around 6 o'clock, and the sky was still dark. And I noticed a strange pattern of clouds. Which was really amazing. It was as if the cloud was painted in a very strange way. So I was standing and staring at the cloud, and I turned around and looked in the other direction and noticed this strange object. It was like a torch light. It stayed for a while and then disappeared." He then goes on to talk about calling up a friend in another city who also saw the same thing and they compared videos of the event.
Two UFOs Cause Community To Gasp In Awe, Bangalore, India, Feb 14, 2022, VIDEO, UFO Sighting News.
Two UFOs Cause Community To Gasp In Awe, Bangalore, India, Feb 14, 2022, VIDEO, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:Feb 14, 2022
Location of sighting: Electric City, Bangalore, India
An eyewitness recorded two short videos of some unknown sky phenomenon the both frightened and excited his community. The UFO left a glowing trail with it as well as it being escorted by a smaller glowing sphere behind it. You can hear the excitement and dismay as these UFOs pass overhead. I do not thing they are rockets or missiles. The India news doesn't have any mention of rockets this week at all. These two glowing objects are genuine UFOs. Even the eyewitness titles the video, "UFO spotted in Electronic city of Bangalore || Live footage captured on camera!" And this witness is 100% correct. He witnessed a rare and important event.
PHOENIX LIGHTS 2022?? UFOs multiplying over Phoenix, Arizona 14-Feb-2022
PHOENIX LIGHTS 2022?? UFOs multiplying over Phoenix, Arizona 14-Feb-2022
Strange lights were recorded in the sky above Phoenix in Arizona on 14th February 2022. Another episode of famousPhoenix lights?
Witness report:
With the binocs I could see they were flickering different colors like a juul in party mode when it goes all rainbowy. Some would move apart from the spot they were staying in and then come back. We drove to get closer and then it was just one light and that disappeared eventually. I’m skeptical and was just talking today about how skeptical I am of stuff people say they see in the sky and then this happened lol. Thought they might be lanterns till I saw through the binocs. I’d like to see the footage you got. It’d be cool to see that wheel drawing in the sky. This was recorded with an iPhone 13 zoomed into the horizon at night. We were south of Maricopa, Arizona facing north towards Maricopa and Phoenix at 7:51. The lights were flickering different colors and appearing and disappearing. Lasted about 20 minutes. I had binocs and could see them clearer than this video.
We've never seen a planet being formed in this much detail.
Image by NASA/JPL-Caltech
An international team of astronomers has managed to capture some extraordinarily rare images of planetary systems being born, hundreds of light-years away.
While we’ve seen images of “protoplanetary disks” before, we’ve never seen the process captured in such detail.
An team of astronomers has managed to take some extremely rare images of the process of planetary systems being born hundreds of light-years away. Kluska et al.
“In [earlier] pictures, the regions close to the star, where rocky planets form, are covered by only few pixels,” lead author Jacques Kluska, from KU Leuven in Belgium, said in a statement.
The images show the inner areas around young stars where planets start taking shape, accumulating matter from dust and gas. Dust grains build up into larger rocks, some of which eventually grow into entire rocky planets.
“We needed to visualize these details to be able to identify patterns that might betray planet formation and to characterize the properties of the disks,” Kluska said.
The researchers had to use a relatively new imaging technique called infrared interferometry at the European Southern Observatory (ESO) in Chile to capture the images.
The technique doesn’t produce an image directly. Using mathematical models — not unlike the way the first-ever images of a black hole were created — the team was able to separate the disks from the light emitted by the star itself.
The level of detail of the new images is astonishing.
“Distinguishing details at the scale of the orbits of rocky planets like Earth or Jupiter (as you can see in the images) — a fraction of the Earth-Sun distance — is equivalent to being able to see a human on the Moon, or to distinguish a hair at a 10 km distance,” Jean-Philippe Berger, principal investigator from the Université Grenoble-Alpes, France, explained in the statement.
So what did they end up seeing in the new images? Brighter and darker spots of light could be a sign that “there could be instabilities in the disk that can lead to vortices where the disk accumulates grains of space dust that can grow and evolve into a planet,” according to Kluska.
NASA deelt voor het eerst beelden van mysterieuze planeet Venus
NASA deelt voor het eerst beelden van mysterieuze planeet Venus
NASA deelt voor het eerst beelden van de planeet Venus. Een reizende ruimtesonde toont een gedetailleerde kijk op het oppervlak. Door middel van een wide-field imager kan de sonde verschillende kenmerken waarnemen, zoals continentale regio’s, vlakken en plateaus. Volgens wetenschappers wijst het er zelfs op dat Venus ooit bewoonbaar is geweest.
Voor het eerst werden er beelden van het oppervlak van Venus in zichtbaar licht - het licht dat het menselijk oog kan zien - vanuit de ruimte vastgelegd. Het is een absolute mijlpaal voor het onderzoek naar de raadselachtige planeet die iedere nacht aan onze hemel schittert. Bekijk hierboven de beelden van de primeur.
De afbeeldingen kunnen aanwijzingen bevatten over het mysterieuze verleden van Venus.
Verbluffende beelden gemaakt door NASA's Parker Solar Probe. De allereerste zichtbare glimp van het gloeiend hete oppervlak van Venus gegeven, waardoor continenten, vlaktes en plateaus op de vulkanische wereld zichtbaar werden.
Terwijl ze onder de dikke en giftige Venus-wolken tuurden met het Wide-field Imager for Parker Solar Probe (WISPR)-instrument, zagen NASA-wetenschappers een hele reeks geologische kenmerken oplichten in de zwakke gloed van het nachtelijke oppervlak van Venus, naast een lichtgevende halo van zuurstof in de atmosfeer van de planeet.
This UFO Insight video featuring commentary from UFO and paranormal researcher, Marcus Lowth, looks at some of the best UFO sightings from the month of January 2022 where we examine the best videos and photographs that witnesses around the world have managed to secure and report.
Please leave any thoughts on any of the sightings in the comments section below and check out our sources in the credits.
Breakdown of sightings in this January 2022 video:
Orange Light Over Farmingdale, New York, 3rd Jan An orange-red orb was captured on film by a motorist driving in Farmingdale, New York… (Credit: UFO Sightings Daily – original video:
Glowing Object Over Alaska, 4th Jan A glowing object was witnessed over Alaska that appears to show a solid object moving overhead… (Credit: LUFOS – original video
Strange Disc-Shaped Object Over South Carolina, 6th Jan A disc-shaped object that was “pulsing with multicolored lights” was witnessed by a former USAF veteran over South Carolina… (Credit: UFO Sightings Daily – original video
Glowing White Object Over Polson, Montana, 17th Jan A local man witnessed a strange, glowing object while looking out of his kitchen window… (Credit: William Puckett – original video
Tablet-Shaped Object Filmed Over Corpus Christi, Texas 20th Jan A resident of Corpus Christi, Texas filmed a tablet-shaped UFO – an object that his friend could also see at the same from 20 miles away… (Credit: LUFOS – original video
UFO Being Escorted Over Connecticut, 21st Jan Footage that appears to show two Blackhawk military helicopters escorting an unknown object over Connecticut… (Credit: UFOGents – original video
Strange Object Near The Moon In Jakarta, 23rd Jan A resident of Jakarta in Indonesia captured a photograph of a spaceship-like object close to the full moon… (Credit: William Pucket
Strange Object Filmed Over Edwards Air Force Base, California, 24th January A local woman driving home witnessed and filmed a strange object in the sky that appeared to hover over or near Edwards Air Force Base… (Credit: LUFOS – original video
Orange Objects Filmed Over New York, 26th Jan Several college students managed to film two orange glowing lights that appeared overhead and then moved across the skies of New York… (Credit: LUFOS – original video
Aliens Create Heart In Sky Over Florida, Feb 14, 2016, UFO Sighting News.
Aliens Create Heart In Sky Over Florida, Feb 14, 2016, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:Feb 14, 2016
Location of sighting: Florida, USA
Source: Twitter account @SaechemClouds
Although this photo is from six years ago, it's fitting for the day. Now this photo was posted to twitter by a young woman who works in a the Florida Cloud Appreciation Society. She calls herself a cloud spotter that that she surely is. She saw a heart shaped cloud in the sky. I quickly tweeted back to her saying, "fantastic catch, but also...what is that round object leaving the heart with a trail behind it? You saw them...and they...saw you." There is a UFO in the photo. The UFO is semi cloaked in a cloud sphere disguise and is moving away from the top of the heart. There is a cloud trail behind it. It looks like aliens have a heart too.
Hey, I found something in a Mars photo today that points to the existence of alien species similar to us. I found a fossilized upper, lower and hand. Also right above it is a the fossilized remains of a face. Half the face is eroded more than the other half, but it still gives us great detail of its chin, cheeks, nose, eyes and forehead. This clearly is important enough for NASA to turn the rover around and investigate it more closely. However, NASA likes to keep such things secret, not just from the public, but other countries as well. America doesnt want any competition in getting a colony living on Mars. First come, first claimed. That doesn't just mean the land and minerals, that also means the ancient alien technology, structures and spaceships they find.
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Strange triangle UFO formation over Tennessee – February 2022
Strange triangle UFO formation over Tennessee – February 2022
This strange UFO video of orbs in triangular formation was filmed over Tennessee recently. What do you think about this sighting?
Witness report:
was in middle tennessee driving just before i had posted this, saw 3 orange lights above me. they were flying so close i could make out their details lol
Astronomers have created a 3D map of a cosmic structure so gigantic that it’s almost impossible to even comprehend.
The “South Pole Wall” is a flabbergasting 1.4 billion light years across and contains hundreds of thousands of galaxies, Live Science reports. That puts it on par with the Sloan Great Wall, the sixth largest cosmic structure ever discovered at 1.38 billion light-years across.
“The surprise for us is that this structure is as big as the Sloan Great Wall and twice as close, and remained unnoticed, being hidden in an obscured sector of the southern sky,” Daniel Pomarède from Paris-Saclay University and lead author of a paper about the research published in The Astrophysical Journal today, told The New York Times in an email.
“The discovery is a wonderful poster child for the power of visualizations in research,” co-lead Brent Tully of the University of Hawaii, told the Times.
To create their map of the South Pole Wall, the cosmographers had to use new sky surveys to peek past the “Zone of Galactic Obscuration,” an area in the southern part of the observable universe that’s obscured by the comparatively bright Milky Way.
The new research builds on a 2014 discovery by the same team of cosmographers of a supercluster of galaxies — with the Milky Way being one of approximately 100,000 galaxies contained within — called “Laniakea.”
To put the size of the South Pole Wall into perspective, our own Milky Way galaxy is a mere 52,850 light years across.
Counted in miles, the distance of the South Pole Wall end-to-end would end up have 21 zeroes attached to it. Estimates put the number of grains of sand on Earth at just 7.5 quintillion (18 zeros).
These gigantic structures are made up of countless clumps called “cosmic webs” floating inside enormous clouds of hydrogen gas. Outside these larger structures, there’s not a whole lot of stuff, as far as we know.
To make the discovery, the team came up with a new technique to measure the dizzying size of the South Pole Wall, which takes into account the velocity of galaxies as they exert gravitational forces on each other.
This new technique was even able to take dark matter into consideration, the mysterious stuff believed to make up approximately 85 percent of the matter in the universe. While dark matter remains a mystery, astronomers suggest it could be the scaffolding that determines the shape of these cosmic structures.
As of right now, the largest cosmic structure ever discovered is the Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall, which spans 10 billion light-years. Even then, the Wall accounts for only a tenth the size of the observable universe, which spans about 93 billion light years.
Fluoride (in yellow bucket) to be added to drinking water at a treatment plant in California.
Michael Macor/Hearst/SFC via Getty
Michael Connett had been preparing for this moment for four years. The California-based attorney was headed to court, where he would be suing the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Connett was slated to appear at the San Francisco federal courthouse on behalf of several individuals and advocacy groups. His contention: that supplemental water fluoridation is unsafe and should be halted. Immediately.
On the first day of the hearing, Connett woke up at 3.30 a.m. to put the finishing touches to his opening presentation. He downed a cup of coffee and an energy bar, then walked the two blocks from the hotel to his office, where he sat down, signed into Zoom and prepared to give his opening statement. The date was 8 June 2020, and the court had been closed to in-person business since March because of the COVID-19 pandemic. There was no bailiff, no audience sitting in the gallery. Instead of 50 onlookers in a physical courtroom, more than 500 people had signed in to view the virtual proceedings. They watched as Connett enumerated issues that have been bubbling up in the world of fluoride research.
The bulk of public opinion, based on decades of dental-health research, is against him — at least in the United States, where more than 63% of people have access to fluoridated water. One study after another, from the 1940s through to the 1970s, has pointed to fluoride as an important factor in preventing tooth decay, also known as caries. The mineral has become part of public-health lore, and has been hailed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as one of the ten greatest public-health achievements of the twentieth century. Most people who live in areas with fluoridated water on tap take the benefits for granted and view with suspicion those who question the supplementation.
Part of Nature Outlook: Oral health
Yet research over the past 50 years has sown a seed of doubt. Rates of tooth decay in some high-income countries with no fluoridation have declined at a pace similar to that seen in fluoridated US communities. And an increasing number of studies are indicating that fluoride — which occurs naturally in soil and therefore also in groundwater — might be a developmental neurotoxin, even at the level that the US Public Health Service has declared optimal for fluoridation.
Some toxicologists and epidemiologists are now questioning whether even low doses of fluoride can have systemic effects, including causing a dip in IQ in children who were exposed to it in utero. The first indications of this came from studies that compared unfluoridated villages and communities with fluoridated ones (where fluoride is either naturally occurring or added to water), followed by better-controlled studies that measured fluoride in individuals. In the United States, each new study was met with extreme criticism, ridicule and anger that, at times, threatened the careers of those involved.
Many dentists, having seen what life was like before fluoridation, have no interest in returning to the pre-fluoridation era of widespread cavities, abscesses, dentures and people in pain. But toxicologists worry that dental-health gains have come at a cost. Today, despite a shared goal of protecting public health, researchers on opposing sides of the fluoridation debate have trouble finding common ground.
Landmark in oral health
Fluoride has, without doubt, improved oral health and decreased rates of dental caries. Community water fluoridation has its roots in the 1940s, when a handful of trials were conducted after it was noticed that some communities with naturally fluoridated groundwater had a lower-than-average incidence of tooth decay. The first of these trials began in Michigan, New York state and Ontario, Canada, in 1945. In Michigan, researchers compared rates of tooth decay in Grand Rapids, where fluoride was added to the community water supply, and in Muskegon, where it was not1. When the five-year data were analysed and formally reviewed, the results were so striking that Muskegon abandoned the trial and began adding the mineral to its water, too. Over the following five decades, fluoridation was introduced in communities around the United States.
The practice remains common not only in the United States but elsewhere, including Australia (where 90% of municipal water supplies are fluoridated), New Zealand (47%), and Canada (39%), and has strong proponents in the United Kingdom (10%), where many dentists and public-health officials have been exerting pressure to start fluoridating the water in more communities.
Dental practitioners who remember the time before fluoridation know well what impact it has had. “My first practice was on the border of Birmingham, which was fluoridated, and Sandwell, which wasn’t,” says Nigel Carter, a paediatric dentist and chief executive of the Oral Health Foundation in Rugby, UK. It was clear from their charts, he says, that children with extensive tooth decay were almost always from Sandwell. In 1987, Sandwell began fluoridating its water, making it one of the most recent UK communities to do so. “Within five years, it went from the bottom ten, in terms of oral health, to the top five, purely due to fluoride being introduced in the water,” Carter says.
A resident of Birmingham, UK, shown in 1964 lining up bottles so that they can be filled with unfluoridated water.
Credit: Hulton Archive/Getty
Yet as research pushed forward in the late 1970s and 1980s, it became clear that the common understanding of how fluoride works was wrong. For decades, it was thought that fluoride was most effective at strengthening teeth when it was consumed, and that this would benefit a fetus exposed to fluoride during gestation. But it turns out although fluoride is incorporated into developing teeth in utero, it is protective against dental caries only after the teeth have emerged from the gums2.
In the mouth, fluoride ions incorporate themselves into plaque, a biofilm on teeth. When the environment becomes too acidic, the ions are released from the plaque and help pull minerals from the saliva to remineralize enamel surfaces and slow down tooth decay3. Fluoride ions can get into the mouth either by applying them directly to the teeth — with topical products such as toothpaste and varnish — or by ingesting fluoridated water and foods. The latter results in a tiny amount being constantly secreted in saliva. About 50% of ingested fluoride is absorbed and retained in bones and teeth, and the rest is excreted in urine; ingesting too much causes weakened bones and joints, in a condition known as skeletal fluorosis.
As research showing that topical fluoride was at least as effective as systemic doses piled up4, fluoridated toothpastes flooded the market. Children in primary schools were given fluoride tablets and told to swish and spit. Dentists incorporated fluoride varnishes and lacquers into their patients’ twice-yearly cleanings. And the incidence of dental caries in the United States and around the world continued to fall5.
Despite widespread adoption of topical fluoride, tap-water fluoridation continued. If topical fluoride has proven so effective, and rates of dental caries around the world have dropped without water fluoridation, then why is fluoride still being added to water supplies, opponents ask. Connett thinks it shouldn’t be. Others say that the answer is not so simple, and point to knottier issues of health inequities and environmental justice.
First, do no harm
Most of the research into water fluoridation’s protective effects was done before 1975, meaning that few studies directly address whether the widespread use of fluoridated rinses and toothpastes has made systemic fluoride unnecessary. But there are some clues that suggest this might be the case. Even in countries with no water fluoridation, such as Denmark, tooth decay has declined at rates comparable to those seen in US communities with fluoridation. That alone is enough to convince some researchers that adding fluoride to water is not necessary for cavity prevention, at least in societies with comprehensive public-health measures in place.
“We’re talking about a simple, highly electronegative anion. That’s it. That’s all fluoride is,” says Pamela Den Besten, a paediatric dentist who studies fluorosis and enamel formation at the University of California, San Francisco.
Den Besten has spent her career trying to work out the systemic effects of swallowing this anion. The fact that fluoride can affect ameloblasts, the cells that produce and deposit tooth enamel, suggests that it could affect other cells of the body. In fact, she notes, studies in animals and humans show that, in addition to fluorosis, cellular effects of fluoride also include inflammation and altered neurodevelopment. That, in turn, suggests that it could make its way into the brain. Den Besten says that means researchers should be looking into whether fluoride has potential effects on the central nervous system. “It should be a high priority to answer these questions. And yet, it’s not.” These potential effects of fluoride are important for individuals at all ages, she says.
The possibility of neurological effects is part of what Connett is trying to draw attention to in his lawsuit against the EPA. The finding that has garnered the most attention is a 2019 study in JAMA Pediatrics6, in which researchers compared the IQ of children who were born to women living in fluoridated areas and non-fluoridated areas. The data, which came from 512 mother–child pairs in 6 cities in Canada, indicated that, depending on how fluoride intake was assessed, exposure during fetal development was associated with as much as a five-point drop in IQ. A second study, led by public-health physician and epidemiologist Howard Hu at the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, found a correlation between increased maternal urinary fluoride and decreased IQ in children born in Mexico City7.
“It’s not disputed that fluoride is toxic at high levels,” says Christine Till, a neuropsychologist at York University in Toronto, Canada, and lead researcher of the JAMA Pediatrics study. But what happens at lower levels, such as the 0.7 milligrams of fluoride per litre recommended in US fluoridation, is contested. That’s what Till and her colleagues have been working to tease out. “You have some weaker studies saying there’s no effect. And then you have our study, and the Mexico study, that are high quality, saying there is an effect,” she says.
On the basis of these two studies, Philippe Grandjean, a physician and environmental medicine researcher at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense, put together a benchmark-dose study on fluoride to document concentrations at which fluoride begins to have detectable adverse effects on IQ. According to the report, published in June8, that level is 0.2 milligrams per litre. That’s less than one-third of the recommended level for US water supplementation and one-twentieth of the US maximum allowable level of 4 mg l−1 (a level originally intended to prevent skeletal fluorosis). These numbers are just the beginning. More cohort studies are under way, and toxicologists and epidemiologists hope they’ll help to bring clarity to the fraught debate.
Earlier in his career, Grandjean had worked to prove the dangers of mercury exposure, and of lead exposure before that. Bruce Lanphear, an environmental neurotoxicologist at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, Canada, was also involved in the lead toxicity studies and worked with Till on the Canadian fluoridation study. Both Lanphear and Grandjean testified during Connett’s lawsuit, noting that the data from their fluoride analyses are comparable to those used to limit the use of mercury and lead.
Over the past 30 years, researchers have shown that the developing brain is uniquely vulnerable to lead, mercury and other neurotoxins. “Low-level lead was contentious, but it doesn’t match up to fluoride,” Lanphear says. “I don’t think people have been sceptical enough about the benefits or the safety of [systemic] fluoride.”
Hard benefits
Some public-health dentists think the issue isn’t quite so clear cut. E. Angeles Martinez Mier, who studies dental public health at Indiana University’s School of Dentistry in Indianapolis, agrees that fluoride safety is worth investigating but says there’s not yet enough evidence to convince her that the risks outweigh the benefits. “Fluoridated water works for caries prevention,” says Martinez Mier, whose laboratory did the fluoride analysis on both the Canadian and Mexico cohorts, and who is an author of both papers.
But the magnitude of this benefit could be modest. Comparing fluoridated and non-fluoridated US communities, dentists see about one fewer cavity in baby teeth in fluoridated areas, and about 0.3 fewer cavities on average in adults9. “The size of the effect is not as much as people might think,” Till says.
Crystals of sodium fluoride.
Credit: NIH/SPL
Still, that benefit means something to those who can not afford dental care or to miss school or work because of poor oral health. “It’s not realistic, given the system that we have, that we’ll be able to reach every child with topical fluoride,” Martinez Mier says. “A lot of public-health dentists are adamant that fluoridated water is the only thing we have that reaches the public, regardless of access to care, regardless of public health.” If fluoridated water can help prevent so much hardship, public-health dentists argue, why wouldn’t people want it?
They also point out that although rates of tooth decay have gone down across the world, many of the countries studied have government-funded universal health-care programmes that educate citizens on the proper care of teeth and gums. The United States does not. “We are not Scandinavia. We are not Canada. Our public-health system, our infrastructure, is very different than those countries,” Martinez Mier says. “In Scandinavia, many countries have nurses who visit you at home, teach you how to brush, and you have access to fluoride through universal health care.” In the United States, she says, “it’s not realistic that we’ll be able to reach every child with topical fluoride.” Fluoridated water, however, reaches anyone who drinks or cooks with treated tap water. That’s insurance Martinez Mier is not yet willing to give up.
Hard questions
“If we’re looking at a practice that affects so many people, we want it to be scrutinized. We need transparency in the science,” says Brittany Seymour, a dentist who studies oral-health policy and epidemiology at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She thinks there are some who are so fixed in their views of fluoridation that they will not reassess their stance no matter what the latest research might show. But she also thinks that the questions Till, Lanphear and others are asking are important.
Seymour, who is also a spokesperson for the American Dental Association, studies online health misinformation and has seen all the ways in which fluoride has been demonized. For now, at least, she thinks it’s too early to consider revising a programme that has clearly made a difference to children’s oral health, especially when the data are limited to just a few cohorts. And while tooth decay might be down globally, she doesn’t think it’s because of fluoridated toothpaste alone. She points to two cities — Juneau in Alaska10, and Calgary in Canada11 — where the ending of water fluoridation seems to be directly correlated with a rise in dental caries. “If we remove something that we know has a protective benefit, we’re trading that for another problem,” she says.
Martinez Mier agrees. “It’s too early to be reactive and to cease water fluoridation without understanding the full scope of what that would mean for a community,” she says. If something designed to protect people’s oral health is removed, then new protective measures need to be put in place, she says.
It is difficult to ignore the importance of equity in these arguments. On the one hand, dentists think that fluoridated water most benefits those who lack access to dental services, oral-health education, or a steady supply of fluoridated toothpaste — the very people who are most susceptible to poor oral health and who experience the greatest financial hardship when dental problems strike. On the other hand, toxicologists worry about any impact of fluoridated water on IQ, especially in populations that are already vulnerable because of exposure to high rates of air pollution and elevated poverty rates, for example. And even if such populations are aware of the potential risks of fluoridation, they are least likely to be able to afford bottled water to use when formula-feeding infants, for instance.
“A couple of cavities and a couple of IQ points are both serious when you think about a population. If you’re in a place of privilege, and luck and environment is with you, and you have a child testing in the high percentile, a few IQ points may not be of great impact. But for others, in different conditions, it can be.” And, she says, “At a population level, it’s a big shift. Being in a disadvantaged position cuts across domains — health, economics, education, exposure. The most vulnerable populations are most vulnerable to a lot of things, not just dental caries and neurotoxicants.”
Back in the Zoom federal court, Connett closed his case. One scientist after another, specializing in epidemiology, toxicology and risk assessment, took to the virtual stand and testified that there was consistent evidence pointing to fluoride being a developmental neurotoxin. And Connett informed the judge of a draft report from the US National Toxicology Program (NTP), which reached the same conclusion in early 2019. Although the report wasn’t entered as evidence, Connett says, “its presence loomed large.” Today, the case is still open. Before the judge commits to a ruling, he wants to know the NTP’s conclusion — the third and final draft of the report is expected early in 2022.
Till is not holding her breath. “I don’t think they’ll ever come up with a consensus,” she says, noting that she doesn’t anticipate a scenario that will please dentists and toxicologists alike, at least not without the courts being involved. It has become a circular argument: The two groups can’t convince each other because they’re having different conversations, each siloed in their respective fields of study. “We’re in this odd situation where dental public health is in tension with environmental public health, and it’s really a dispute within the family,” Hu says.
Hu sees two big problems with how the dental public-health community has reacted. The first, he says, is that most of those in the dental community who are critiquing his and Till’s conclusions are doing so without a deep understanding of how they got them. “From the environmental epidemiology perspective, the methods employed in the most recent studies of prenatal fluoride exposure and neurodevelopment are exceptionally rigorous,” he says, and were put through stringent peer review. The second problem is a misplaced idea that decades of research on fluoride prove it is safe. “They are ignoring the fact that almost none of these ‘decades’ of research have focused on the very specific issue of prenatal fluoride exposure and neurodevelopment. The unfortunate result is that the two sides — environmental health and dental public health — keep talking past each other.” What they need, he says, is a neutral forum in which experts can dispassionately discuss and debate the evidence.
The other thing they need is more data. “There hasn’t been a single US study of fluoridation, prenatal exposure and natal development,” Hu says. He and his collaborators are starting one now, using data from past studies, and they aim to have answers in the next two years. Whether that study, or the anticipated revision of the NTP report, end up casting fluoride in a positive or negative light, their very existence will at least push the conversation forwards.
A new process for turning atmospheric carbon dioxide desorbed from an absorbent into dry ice reduces the energy input needed for carbon capture.
A new technology for capturing carbon dioxide from air, Cryo-DAC can use existing infrastructure at ports for ships that transport liquefied natural gas and infrastructure used to prepare city gas.
Carbon capture is playing an increasingly prominent role in plans to combat climate change. A new process for direct air capture, which involves capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, promises to greatly enhance the efficiency of the technology.
“Direct air capture has great potential for removing CO2 from the atmosphere on massive scales,” says Soichiro Masuda at the R&D/Digital Division of the Japanese energy-provider Toho Gas. “And it has evolved rapidly in the past several years.”
Direct air capture complements other technologies that capture carbon from industrial emissions, but the lower levels of CO2 in atmospheric air make it considerably more challenging. “Efficiency has continued to be a challenge for direct air capture, as the steps that isolate CO2 from atmospheric air require the input of energy,” says Masuda. “Burning fossil fuel to provide the energy input ends up creating more carbon emission for the sake of capturing carbon.”
“Direct air capture technology is a key part of our corporate strategy to reach carbon neutrality by 2050,” says Masuda. Now, Toho Gas and Nagoya University, have started research and development into realizing carbon neutrality and have devised a way to largely overcome the problem of capturing carbon with an improved direct air capture technology called Cryo-DAC.
Diagram depicting the carbon cycle (left) of Cryo-DAC (right), the direct air capture technology developed by researchers at Toho Gas and Nagoya University.
A key advantage of recycling carbon by Cryo-DAC is that it can use existing infrastructure such as ports for ships that transport liquefied natural gas, along with the associated infrastructure used to prepare city gas for industrial and household use. Natural gas is imported in liquefied form at about −162 degrees Celsius. Japan is one of the world’s major importers of liquefied natural gas, accounting for nearly 20% of global imports.
“Ever since Japan first imported natural gas in 1969, we’ve been exploring ways to exploit the cold energy of liquid natural gas,” explains Masuda. “We think we’ve finally found a solution.” Liquefied natural gas is vaporized by exchanging heat with seawater; the cold energy generated in this exchange is used for industrial purposes such as liquefying industrial gases. Large amounts of the cold energy, however, was wasted.
Cryo-DAC uses cold energy, thereby minimizing the thermal energy needed for the process. Of the various types of direct air capture being developed worldwide, Cryo-DAC employs a method that captures and isolates CO2 with chemical absorbents. “The scalability of the chemical absorption method is well suited for collecting massive amounts of CO2,” says Masuda. “This involves collecting atmospheric air, absorbing CO2 in a solvent, and then isolating the CO2 from the solvent. This last step, however, requires large amounts of heat, creating carbon emission.”
Using dry ice to create a vacuum
The research team designed a new process that has a chamber in which CO2is sublimated into dry ice by using the cold energy of liquid natural gas. The new chamber is connected to another in which CO2 is absorbed in solvent; the phase change from CO2 to dry ice lowers the pressure inside, which causes the solvent and CO2 to evaporate. “As a result, CO2 can be recovered from the solvent at near room temperature, minimizing the thermal energy needed,” explains Yoshito Umeda, a professor at Nagoya University.
Schematic diagram of the cryopump used in Cryo-DAC.
The output of Cryo-DAC is high-pressure CO2 gas. Toho Gas plans to use the captured CO2 as a raw material for city gases that the company provides to its customers. “High-pressure CO2 is needed to produce methane, the main component of city gas, that can be obtained by reacting CO2 and hydrogen. While CO2 for methanation is typically prepared with compressors, Cryo-DAC has the potential to separate CO2 from air and generate high-pressure CO2 at low cost. Although city gas leaves a carbon footprint when burned, direct air capture with Cryo-DAC could offset these emissions,” says Masuda. “The International Energy Agency predicts that the demand for natural gas will continue to increase until 2050, unlike other major fossil fuels like oil or coal. We thus see Cryo-DAC as a key part of future gas infrastructure with net-zero carbon emission.”
The research is now a part of Japan’s Moonshot Research and Development Program, the Cabinet Office’s initiative to fund high-risk, high-impact research projects. The team includes collaborators at Tokyo University of Science, Chukyo University and the University of Tokyo, who are enhancing the materials and processes used in Cryo-DAC. The group is currently developing a solvent with higher absorption capabilities, as well as trying to achieve a continuous flow from CO2 sublimation to the output of high-pressure CO2. The aim is to establish the core technology by 2022 so that the system can operate continuously with a capacity of 1 tonne of CO2 per year in 2024. The group also aspires to design equipment for commercial use, and create detailed plans for implementing the system in a real-world setting by 2029.
“By using existing infrastructure for gas-consuming appliances and pipelines, we expect to transition smoothly to carbon neutrality without imposing a significant burden on our customers or the wider society,” says Masuda.
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Scientists Find Life-Friendly Exoplanet They Say Is Close Enough to Visit
Scientists Find Life-Friendly Exoplanet They Say Is Close Enough to Visit
"The discovery shows that our closest stellar neighbor seems to be packed with interesting new worlds, within reach of further study and future exploration."
Image by ESO
A team of astronomers have discovered evidence for yet another exoplanet orbiting Proxima Centauri, our closest neighboring star just over four light-years away.
The planet, dubbed Proxima d, is the third planet detected in the system. It’s also pretty tiny, at only a quarter of the Earth’s mass, making it one of the lightest exoplanets ever discovered, according to a press release.
“The discovery shows that our closest stellar neighbor seems to be packed with interesting new worlds, within reach of further study and future exploration,” said João Faria, a researcher at the Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço in Portugal and lead author of the study published today in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics, in the statement.
The tiny planet orbits its star at around 2.48 million miles, less than a tenth of the distance between Mercury and the Sun, completing a full rotation in just five days.
Even more excitingly, its orbit is also within the habitable zone of the Proxima Centauri system, the area where liquid water could exist on its surface.
In other words, Proxima d could theoretically harbor life as we know it.
Faria and his team used the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) instrument attached to the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope in the Chilean desert to make the discovery.
The team got first glimpses of Proxima d during 2020 observations, but the signal was too weak to confirm its existence, requiring follow up observations with the even more precise Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanets and Stable Spectroscopic Observations (ESPRESSO).
“After obtaining new observations, we were able to confirm this signal as a new planet candidate,” Faria explained in the statement. “I was excited by the challenge of detecting such a small signal and, by doing so, discovering an exoplanet so close to Earth.”
The team was able to find evidence for the tiny planet’s existence by using the radial velocity technique, which involves detecting wobbles in the motion of a star caused by an orbiting planet’s gravitational pull.
The ESO’s instrument was accurate enough to pick up Proxima Centauri wobbling a mere 15 inches per second.
Experts are now excited to use the same technique to “unveil a population of light planets, like our own, that are expected to be the most abundant in our galaxy and that can potentially host life as we know it,” as Pedro Figueira, ESPRESSO instrument scientist at ESO, put it in the statement.
Proxima Centauri is tantalizingly close — and we may only see whether it hosts life once we have a look for ourselves.
Alice Gorman, Associate Professor in Archaeology and Space Studies, Flinders University
In a few weeks' time, a rocket launched in 2015 is expected to crash into the moon. The fast-moving piece of space junk is the upper stage of a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, which hoisted the Deep Space Climate Observatory satellite off our planet. It has been chaotically looping around Earth and the moon ever since.
The booster is tumbling wildly as it travels, which adds some uncertainty to the timing and location of the predicted impact. It is likely to occur on the far side of the moon, so it won’t be visible from Earth.
Some astronomers say the collision is "not a big deal," but to a space archaeologist like me it's quite exciting. It will be the moon's newest archaeological site, joining more than 100 other locations that document human activity on the moon and in cislunar space.
A history of crash landing on the moon
The impact will leave a new crater on the dark side of the moon.
The very first human-made artifact to make contact with the moon was the Soviet Luna 2 in 1959 — an extraordinary feat, as it was only two years after the launch of Sputnik 1, the first artificial Earth satellite.
The mission consisted of a rocket, a probe, and three "bombs." One released a cloud of sodium gas to enable the crash to be seen from Earth. The USSR didn’t want the groundbreaking mission to be called a hoax.
The other two "bombs" were spheres of pentagonal medallions inscribed with the date and Soviet symbols. If they exploded as planned, they would have scattered 144 medallions over the lunar surface.
Other crashes have been missions gone wrong, like the Israeli Beresheet lander in 2019. This was especially controversial as the lander carried a secret cargo of dried tardigrades, tiny creatures that could be revived in the presence of water.
Various spacecraft have naturally decayed and fallen out of orbit, like the Japanese relay satellite Okina in 2009. Others have been intentionally crashed at the end of their mission life.
The NASA Ebb and Flow spacecraft were deliberately crashed into the lunar south pole in 2012, specifically to avoid any risk of damaging the Apollo landing sites. Impacting at a speed of 6,000km per hour, they left craters 6 meters across.
Many crashes have been used to collect seismic data. Observations from the controlled impact of Saturn third-stage boosters and ascent modules from the Apollo missions were particularly valuable, as timing, location and impact energy were known.
Environmental impacts
The Falcon 9 rocket stage is significantly larger than the tiny Ebb and Flow spacecraft and is traveling faster. The crash will make a much larger crater, which will kick up chunks of rock and dust. On this airless world, the dust could travel a fair way before settling down.
The only other spacecraft on the moon's far side are the US Ranger 4 probe, which crashed in 1962, and China's Chang'e 4 lander and Yutu 2 rover. Yutu-2 is still trundling along the lunar surface on its six wheels.
Yutu's latest results show that "soil" on the far side may be stickier than the near side, and there is a higher density of small craters.
The rocket stage could potentially cause damage to these historic spacecraft, if it lands on or near them. However, this is statistically unlikely. Current predictions have it landing in Hertzsprung crater, a long way from the Aitken basin where the Chinese spacecraft are operating.
Although there are no cameras to observe the crash, at some point NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter is likely to pass over and image the impact point.
We'll learn something about the geology of the location from the color differences and distribution of the ejected material. It's an opportunity to learn more about the moon's mysterious far side.
Changing attitudes to space junk
In the earlier Space Age, little thought was given to leaving what many call "trash" on the lunar surface.
The moon is sometimes considered a "dead" world because it has no life. The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) Planetary Protection Policy does not require any special precautions for lunar activities.
But there is a growing awareness the moon has distinct environmental values of its own. The Declaration of the Rights of the Moon, created by a group of independent researchers, states the moon has "the right to exist, persist and continue its vital cycles unaltered, unharmed and unpolluted by human beings."
Canadian researchers Eytan Tepper and Christopher Whitehead have suggested the moon could be protected by giving it legal personhood, much like the Whanganui river in Aotearoa New Zealand.
The moon is struck by meteors all the time. In many ways, the Falcon 9 impact will be just another one. What makes it interesting is how it acts as a litmus test for changing public opinions about our responsibilities to the space environment.
The public is looking for accountability from space agencies and private corporations. As plans for lunar mining and habitation accelerate, hopefully it's a message that is ready to be heard.
Raket die op Maan zal crashen is niet van SpaceX maar is Chinees
Het kan verkeren, zeker in de ruimte. Enkele weken nadat een astronoom had gesignaleerd dat begin maart een rakettrap van een Falcon-9 van SpaceX op de Maan te pletter zou slaan, is Bill Gray zondag van mening veranderd, zo hebben meerdere media gemeld. Hij denkt nu dat het om een trap van een Chinese draagraket gaat.
Media namen gretig de aankondiging van Gray over dat een trap van een Falcon-9 draagraket van SpaceX, het ruimtevaartbedrijf van Elon Musk, op 4 maart op de Maan zou terechtkomen. De trap is een overblijfsel van de lancering van NASA's Deep Space Climate Observatory in 2015, zo verluidde.
Een ingenieur van het befaamde Jet Propulsion Laboratory van de NASA trok echter aan de alarmbel en liet Gray zaterdagmorgen weten dat het traject van de Falcon niet echt dicht langs de Maan leidt. Het zou dus raar zijn indien de trap toch zo dicht zou zijn om op het hemellichaam te ploffen.
Gray deed zijn huiswerk opnieuw en vond een nieuwe mogelijke “dader”: een trap van de Chinese Lange Mars 3C die in oktober 2014 de Chinese Chang'e-5-T1 naar de Maan slingerde.
Het lanceertijdstip en het traject komen vrijwel helemaal overeen met de baan van het object dat de natuurlijke satelliet van de Aarde zal treffen.
UFO In Bermuda Triangle, On Google Earth Map! UFO Sighting News.
UFO In Bermuda Triangle, On Google Earth Map! UFO Sighting News.
Date of discovery: Feb 13, 2022
Location of sighting: Bermuda Island
Google coordinates:
Guys, I just found a flying disk on Google Earth and believe it or not, its in the center of the Bermuda Triangle. The legendary location where boats, ships, planes have all mysteriously disappeared! This is literally the most mysterious place on earth! However I happen to know that an alien base does exist below the Bermuda Triangle and that its not so deep below the floor of the ocean. I mean instead of being 4-6km deep, its actually only 20-50 meters below the floor. That is the reason for all the magnetic interference causing computers and compasses to go haywire. This discovery is 100% proof that the disappearances in Bermuda Triangle were all caused by aliens!
UFO "Orb" Filmed Descending Behind A Plane Over San Juan In Puerto Rico. February 11, 2022
This footage was captured from Villa Nevarez, a neighbourhood in San Juan, Puerto Rico on February 11, 2022.
The witness stated the following:
" From my door and I stared at it for several minutes...and it was blue...and I looked for the phone and started recording and suddenly the one on the left appeared...and it was right in the middle of the metropolitan area and nothing or nobody reported this, I also ruled out the drone theory since I have one and that area is restricted by the FAA to the right is the Luis Muñoz Marin airport... in Puerto Rico..."
In the video we can see this orb flying across the sky but then it flies back on itself and the object makes this movement a couple of times, with this movement and the lack of any "NAV lights we can rule out planes or helicopters. The footage gets very interesting when the plane flies into view because just before the plane comes into view the UFO seems to back up and watches the plane descends and the object follows it..
Thanks to RICARDO VELEZ for allow me the use of this footage and to view the original:
Over the decades there have been more than a few cases of alleged crashed UFOs. Of course, the most famous (or, perhaps, the most infamous) case is the Roswell affair of early July 1947. Despite the fact that investigations have gone on for decades, we still don’t have any hard, solid answers. When it comes to other crashed UFO cases, however, we have a lot of data and material. But, here’s the important thing: that data doesn’t take things down the road that so many UFO researchers would like it to. By that, I mean more than a few cases of crashed UFOs were almost certainly hoaxes. But, not your everyday type hoax. We’re talking about plots created by U.S. intelligence and designed to make the Russians – during the Cold War – to believe that the CIA and the Air Force had crashed Saucers and dead aliens in their hands when they really didn’t. We’ll begin with the phony “UFO crash” at Hart Canyon, Aztec, New Mexico in 1948. Writer Frank Scully wrote a full-length book on the yarn.Its title: Behind the Flying Saucers. One of those who got involved in the controversy with Scully was a very dodgy character named Silas Newton. You can find his FBI file at the Bureau’s website, The Vault.
(Nick Redfern)
Aztec, New Mexico
By his own admittance, and a couple of years after the Aztec story surfaced in Frank Scully’s book, Newton was clandestinely visited by two representatives of “a highly secret U.S. Government entity,” as it was worded. Those same agents of the military told Newton, in no uncertain terms, they knew his Aztec story was nonsense. Amazingly, however, they wanted Newton to keep telling the tale to just about anyone and everyone who would listen. This caused CIA guy, Karl Pflock, to ponder on an amazing possibility: “Was this actually nothing to do with real saucers but instead some sort of psychological warfare operation [italics mine]?” There’s no doubt that Pflock was right on target: Newton was used to help spread the word that, yes, UFOs had fallen to Earth and the U.S. military had the alien technology. But, it was all a big, successful ruse. There were no crashed UFOs and no alien technology – but, the plot worked and had the Russians deeply concerned.
For years, stories have surfaced to the effect that in 1952 – the same year Silas Newton got that strange visit from the U.S. military – a UFO slammed to the ground on the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen. Particularly interesting is a National Security Agency document that tells the story of the fatal crash and the recovery of a craft from another planet. The NSA’s copy of this previously-classified document is very slightly different to copies of the same document that have been declassified by the U.S. Air Force, the Department of State, and the U.S. Army. Someone in the NSA – unfortunately, we don’t know who – identified the Spitsbergen story in the document as being a “plant.” As for who secretly seeded the story, and why, well, that’s another matter entirely. Maybe, U.S. intelligent agents planted the story to try and further have the Russians believe that the U.S. government was back-engineering extraterrestrial spacecraft, when it really wasn’t. On the other hand, the “planters” may have been the Soviets themselves, trying to achieve something almost identical, but aimed squarely at the White House, the CIA, and the Pentagon.
Area 51 site map, as depicted in declassified CIA documents released via its CREST program
Moving forward in time: I often think that perhaps Bob Lazar – he who claimed a brief period of work at Area 51 (or, specifically, at a section of the area called S-4) – was deliberately used to make the Russians think there were dead aliens and retrieved alien spacecraft stored away at Area 51. I should stress, though, that I don’t think Lazar fabricated anything, at all. But, I do think he was used and manipulated as a means to create that very scenario. The Russians have taken a deep interest in Area 51 for decades. Spreading a few tales of captured ETs, and of good old Flying Saucers held at Area 51, would certainly unease the Russians, and just as the way it did back in the years when Frank Scully and Silas Newton were chasing around. More importantly, if – as I firmly believe – there were multiple hoaxed crashed UFO stories created during the Cold War, then we really need to wonder if there have ever been any real UFO crash cases. Were there crashed UFOs? Or, did someone in the Pentagon want the high-ups in the Kremlin to believe there were dead aliens and smashed Saucers? Of course, a lot of people in the UFO field won’t like my scenario, but, the facts that we have in hand do help to support that particular scenario. There’s no doubt that throughout the Cold War, there were more than a few weird programs deigned to muddle the minds of Moscow. And vice-versa. And, it would have been very easy to get those same UFO programs up and running.
NASA toont selfie en eerste beelden van James Webb Space Telescope
NASA heeft de eerste beelden gepubliceerd die met de James Webb-ruimtetelescoop zijn gemaakt. Het gaat vooralsnog om wazige beelden van een ster, omdat de spiegelsegmenten nog niet zijn uitgelijnd. Ook is een afbeelding gemaakt van de spiegel, als ware het een selfie.
NASA zegt heel blij te zijn met de bevestiging dat het licht van een ster zijn weg heeft gevonden naar de Near-Infrared Camera of NIRCam, een van de instrumenten van de telescoop. Met de eerste beelden is licht afkomstig van dezelfde ster geïdentificeerd bij elk van de achttien hexagons die samen de primaire spiegel vormen.
Het resultaat is nu nog een mozaïekafbeelding met achttien willekeurige lichtpunten van dezelfde ster. Dit resultaat komt volgens NASA vrij goed overeen met de verwachtingen en simulaties.
Er zijn nu nog achttien afbeeldingen vande ster in plaats van een enkele, omdat de hexagons nog niet zijn uitgelijnd. Daardoor reflecteren ze allemaal het licht van de ster op hun eigen manier, waarna het op de secundaire spiegel valt en vervolgens op de detectors van NIRCam.
Nu begint het proces waarbij alle hexagons in heel kleine stapjes worden bewogen, waarbij eventueel ook de kromming licht wordt aangepast. Dat is nodig om uiteindelijk te komen tot het punt waarop alle achttien afbeeldingen overgaan tot een enkele afbeelding van dezelfde ster.
Momenteel heeft James Webb als het ware achttien individuele spiegeltjes die allemaal hun eigen ding doen, maar langzaamaan worden ze uitgelijnd zodat ze gezamenlijk opereren als een geheel.
Tijdens het nemen van de afbeeldingen, wat op 2 februari begon, werd de telescoop op 156 verschillende posities gericht rondom de verwachte locatie van de ster. Met de tien detectors van NIRCam zijn in een tijdsbestek van 25 uur 1560 beelden gemaakt, goed voor 54GB aan ruwe data in totaal.
Tijdens de eerste zes uur en zestien gemaakte beelden bleek dat de ster te zien was bij elk van de achttien spiegelsegmenten. Die beelden werden vervolgens samengevoegd om tot een grote mozaïek te komen. De afbeeldingen met de achttien stippen is een uitsnede van het midden van deze mozaïek.
Het gebruikte doelwit is de ster HD84406 op 260 lichtjaar van de aarde. Deze bevindt zich in het sterrenbeeld Grote Beer, maar is voor het blote oog net te zwak om te zien. HD84406 is echter te helder om door Webb te worden bestudeerd zodra de telescoop helemaal gereed is en in staat is om objecten scherp in beeld te krijgen.
Mede door de felheid is het echter een ideaal doelwit voor het huidige proces van dataverzameling en het uitlijnen van alle individuele hexagons. Daarnaast was HD84406 een geschikte kandidaat, omdat het object gemakkelijk is te identificeren en vrij geïsoleerd aan de hemel staat.
De selfie is gemaakt door een speciale pupil imaging lens binnen het NIRCam-instrument. Dat onderdeel is ontworpen om afbeeldingen te maken van de segmenten van de primaire spiegel in plaats van objecten in het heelal.
Deze configuratie wordt straks niet gebruikt voor wetenschappelijke missies en komt alleen nu van pas om het uitlijnen te ondersteunen. Op de bovenstaande foto is een heldere hexagon te zien die op een heldere ster was gericht, terwijl de andere segmenten op dat moment niet op dezelfde wijze waren uitgelijnd.
De James Webb Space Telescope werd op 25 december succesvol gelanceerd en een maand later kwam hij aan op zijn bestemming: een baan om het tweede Lagrangepunt op een afstand van zo’n 1,5 miljoen kilometer van de aarde.
Tijdens die reis zijn het zonneschild en de vleugels met de spiegelsegmenten aan de zijkant succesvol uitgeklapt. De eerste echte beelden voor wetenschappelijke doeleinden worden pas in de zomer verwacht.
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Artificial Intelligence to watch over embryos outside the womb
Artificial Intelligence to watch over embryos outside the womb
TRUNEWS with RICK WILES Researchers in Suzhou have developed an AI system able to monitor and take care of embryos as they grow into babies in the lab. Technology won’t be a problem for its future application, but legal and ethical concerns might, warns Beijing-based researcher. Researchers in Suzhou, in China’s eastern Jiangsu province, say they have developed an artificial intelligence system that can monitor and take care of embryos as they grow into fetuses in an artificial womb environment.
This AI nanny is looking after many animal embryos for now, they said in findings published in the domestic peer-reviewed Journal of Biomedical Engineering last month. Previously, the development process of each embryo had to be observed, documented and adjusted manually – a labor-intensive task that became unsustainable as the scale of the research increased. The robotic system or “nanny” now created can monitor the embryos in unprecedented detail, as it moves up and down the line around the clock, the research paper says. AI technology helps the machine detect the smallest signs of change on the embryos and fine-tune the carbon dioxide, nutrition and environmental inputs.
The system can even rank the embryos by health and development potential. When an embryo develops a major defect or dies, the machine would alert a technician to remove it from the womblike receptacle. Current international laws prohibit experimental studies on human embryos beyond two weeks of development. However, research on the later stages is important because “there are still many unsolved mysteries about the physiology of typical human embryonic development”, Sun and his colleagues say in their paper.
The technology would “not only help further understand the origin of life and embryonic development of humans, but also provide a theoretical basis for solving birth defects and other major reproductive health problems”, they add. www.trunews.com
(Photo : Pixabay)
Artificial intelligence is a technology that helps a machine detect the tiniest indications of change on the embryos and modify the nutrition, carbon dioxide and environmental inputs.
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What They Captured In Spain Shocked the Whole World
What They Captured In Spain Shocked the Whole World
Spain is one of the most attractive tourists locations in the world. It offers a variety of interesting places to explore and activities to indulge in for everyone. Whether you feel like is resting and relaxing on your trip or plan to pursue adventure. You can enjoy your trip as per your taste and desires. Here you can find unique things like whistling languages of islands and grown-up men jumping over newborns in a festival. In today’s video we will talk about the strangest things that are found in Spain.
The glowing object was seen over Norway yesterday. The object was caught shooting across the sky and at one point seemed to break into two balls before disappearing in the distance (seen in video). If this was a meteor you should have fallen. It's like gravity has zero effect on it. The object has its own propulsion in order to say that high without falling. Thats no meteor, thats a UFO!
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Norway News states:
Filmed fireball over Alta:
- It is conceivable that it has gone into space again Magnus Johnsen saw a green line fly across the sky, fished up his mobile phone and filmed it all. On Thursday around 2.25 pm, a fireball suddenly appeared on the sky, with a direction from north to south. Magnus Johnsen was standing at the exit from the House, opposite Alta upper secondary school, when he became aware of what was happening in the sky.
- I was parked outside high school, and was really just sitting in my own world when I saw a green line come across the sky. I picked up the phone and started filming, says Johnsen. - What were you thinking when you saw this?
- I really just thought "what is this every day?" And then that I had to film this. It came so low and at an insane speed too. So then I just had to film it. Reports have been received from several teams around the incident. Several took to social media with questions and to share their experiences and witness observations. Hans Idar Haldorsen also captured the fireball on film. He was in Peska when the dashcam in the car accidentally got the light phenomenon on film. Probably a meteor Kjell Bøen, head of the science and technology department at Andøya space center, is not aware of any activity that could shed light on what created the fireball over Alta on Thursday.
Guys, this is not your usual UFO by any means. Its a cube and its the size of Earth! SOHO viewer has a size comparison chart...and its the exact same size as Earth. So...this UFO is huge. Its shooting out of the sun and its leaving a trial of solar material behind it. Whats really cool about this photo is that its 100% proof of intelligent life. What I mean is, look at the line of solar material leading up to the UFO...it makes a 45 degree turn! Thats is impossible for any natural object to do in space, however, a spacecraft could do it. Its not the first time I have recorded such a craft near our sun. I have seen similar craft since 2010, which is included in the video I made below.
Early in the movie “Planet of the Apes,” human astronaut George Taylor is shot in the throat by gorillas, but his life is saved by two chimpanzee doctors: Dr. Zira and Dr. Galen. That simple act reveals that the apes have crossed the traditional ‘line in the sand’ separating humans from animals – empathy … which they demonstrate by their prosocial occupations as doctors who voluntarily treat the ailments of others of their species. While apes and monkeys have shown actions that appear to demonstrate treating their own wounds or gastric ailments, they’ve never been seen attempting to heal others … until now.
Tell us more.
“In 2019, I was following a female chimpanzee named Suzee, and watched as she tended to the injured foot of her adolescent son, Sia. I noticed that she appeared to have something between her lips that she then applied to the wound on Sia’s foot. Later that evening, I re-watched my videos and saw that Suzee had first reached out to catch something which she put between her lips and then directly onto the open wound on Sia’s foot.”
In a study published in the journal Current Biology, Alessandra Mascaro, a volunteer at the Ozouga Chimpanzee Project in Gabon, West Africa, describes the shocking scenario she witnessed of a mother chimp treating a wound on her adolescent son’s foot with a chewed insect. It’s fortunate she was able to record the event because her superiors have been watching this group of chimpanzees for 7 years and had never seen anything like this. In fact, no one has.
While they had observed many instances of self-medication with chewed insects, Simone Pika, a cognitive biologist at Osnabrück University and Mascaro’s supervisor, says this was the first example of prosocial behavior in chimps. Even more shocking – it was far from the only one. A week after Mascaro observed it, PhD student Lara Southern watch an adult male named Freddy do it again. Over the course of 15 months, they witnessed 22 events of chimps treating their own wound or on another individual with masticated bugs. Then Southern observed a new twist.
“An adult male, Littlegrey, had a deep open wound on his shin and Carol, an adult female, who had been grooming him, suddenly reached out to catch an insect. What struck me most was that she handed it to Littlegrey, he applied it to his wound and subsequently Carol and two other adult chimpanzees also touched the wound and moved the insect on it. The three unrelated chimpanzees seemed to perform these behaviours solely for the benefit of their group member.”
Did you read about this in Silverback’s Anatomy?
This was not just treatment — this was nursing care, post-op and therapy by a group of chimps towards a non-related sick individual – it doesn’t get more prosocial or empathetic than that. Behavior like this has rarely been seen in non-humans and this group provides an on-going operating theater for humans to observe chimp medical treatments and recovery. While the psychologists will watch the chimps to track who gives and who receives the ‘treatments’ and how this knowledge and empathy is passed on to others, the biologists hope to sample the chewed insects to determine what gives them the healing power that so many chimps know about and use. Finally, they hope to branch out to other chimp groups to see if this is localized behavior or if empathy can now be ascribed to all chimps.
If chimps are prosocial, what about gorillas? Monkeys?
Have they crossed a line into the Planet of the Apes?
Parents generally want their children attending college to major in a field that will pay well and not embarrass their friends when they get together and discuss what their kids are up to. If you’re one of those parents, what would you say if they came home and announced their chosen field of study is Unidentified Aerial Phenomena? Would you fling something unidentified aerially at the wall? Well, get ready – a school in Germany has become the first high-profile western university to recognize UAPs as a legitimate field of academic research. Can you get tickets to the graduation ceremony for ETs?
“The Interdisciplinary Research Center for Extraterrestrial Science (IFEX) is an interdisciplinary scientific institute of the Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science at the JMU. It was founded with the aim of intensifying and institutionalizing cooperation between the people and institutions involved.”
If it helps convince your parents you’re serious about studying UFOs, the press release states the coursework is part of the math and computer science departments at Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg. Founded in 1402, it’s one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in Germany and the source of over a dozen Nobel prize winners in the sciences. Will there be a Nobel someday for Unidentified Aerial Phenomena?
“IFEX members develop technologies to explore space, objects in our solar system, stars and galaxies. They also keep an eye on signs of extraterrestrial life and extraterrestrial intelligence.”
Julius Maximilian University has an excellent reputation and will provide students with access to the Max Planck Society, the German Aerospace Center, the Federal Aviation Office and the German weather service for their studies. While he doesn’t have a Nobel (yet), the chairman of IFEX is Hakan Kayal, a professor of aerospace engineering and space technology who was in the news recently for demonstrating his new SkyCAM-5 camera system installed on the roof of a university building which uses artificial intelligence to search for and photograph UFOs and weed out non-UFOs.
“The step of including the UAP/UFO topic into the research canon of a German university or academic-scientific institution represents a paradigm shift in the previous handling of these phenomena – not only in Germany but worldwide.”
Will this be on the exam?
A number of schools have included information on UAPs and the search for extraterrestrial life in individual classes, usually in the fields of astronomy or astrobiology, but none has a complete program. Is it because there is little demand? That may be changing in the growing increase in interest generated by the establishment of new government programs in the U.S. to track UFOs and the acceptance of the subject by the mainstream media. The main resistance is more likely to come from scientists, as a spokesperson for the Max Planck Society explained.
“ ( This field is) not a topic for basic research.”
In response to the announcement of IFEX, the German Aerospace Center (the country’s national center for aerospace, energy and transportation research) said “there is no need to undertake such (research) activities.”
What would your parents think? What would YOU think if your child wanted to pursue studies in Unidentified Aerial Phenomena? Would you check to see how much Giorgio A. Tsoukalos makes? ($4 million per year.)
Mars, our nearest planetary neighbor in the Solar-System, is approximately forty million miles from the Earth and one hundred and forty two million miles from the Sun. Not particularly big in size, it is dwarfed by all of the planets except for Mercury. At the other end of the spectrum, however, Mars is home to the gigantic Olympus Mons, which is the biggest volcano in the entire Solar System. The huge amount of iron oxide on Mars gives it a noticeable – famous, even – reddish color, hence its memorable nickname: the Red Planet. It has a blood-freezing average temperature of -81 degrees F, and its decidedly harsh atmosphere is comprised almost exclusively of carbon dioxide; aside, that is, from a small amount of water vapor. There is no denying the fact that dusty, rocky, desert-like Mars is a very interesting world: for one thing, it has polar ice-caps. And those ice-caps are comprised of water. Yes, good old water; just like ours. Not only that, the amount of water on Mars is huge. And I do not exaggerate when I use the word “huge.”
(NASA)
NASA’s current estimates suggest that if all of the Martian water was melted, there would be enough to cover the entire planet up to a height of around thirty-five feet, which is undeniably amazing. The planet’s days are strikingly similar to ours, in terms of length: Mars’ days last for twenty-four hours and thirty-seven minutes. Mars’ year, however, runs for six hundred and eighty-seven days. With that said, what about the anomalies on Mars? There are most definitely more than a few of them. With that said, let’s look at an eerie-looking face on the Red Planet. Interestingly, I’m not talking about the famous “Face on Mars” that was found at Cydonia in the 1970s. I’m talking about another eerie Face on Mars. “The Crowned Face” is what I’m talking about. A photo taken in the Libya Montes area – a ring of mountains on Mars – by the Mars Global Surveyor appears to show a large face, with a pointed chin, a pair of eyes and a nose. Also, what appears to be crown-like headgear – hence the name that has been attached to it, – whatever “it” may be. Moving on…
(NASA)
In 1968, the acclaimed sci-fi epic, 2001: A Space Odyssey – the work of producer and director, Stanley Kubrick – hit cinemas all around the world and raked in close to $200 Million. In the opening segment of the movie we see a tribe of primitive, early “ape-men” fighting for survival in the harsh landscape of what is now the continent of Africa – albeit in the film it plays out millions of years ago. One day the tribe awakes to find that overnight a strange, black-colored monolith has appeared in their very midst. In no time at all, the intelligence levels of the creatures are increased by, it appears, the monolith itself. The implication is that something of an extraterrestrial nature has kick-started human civilization into what will eventually be high gear. As amazing and as unbelievable as it may sound, a monolith has been photographed on the surface of one of Mars’ moons, Phobos.
A case of fact eerily mirroring fiction? Well, that very much depends on one’s own opinion.We have a man named Efrain Palermo to thank for bringing this incredible matter to light. As someone with a deep interest in Mars and its moons, he decided to make an extensive review of the many pictures that NASA had secured from its Mars Global Surveyor in 1998. Palermo was amazed by what he found. He said that while studying one particular image from Phobos “…my eye caught something sticking up out of the surface.” As to what that “something”” was, Palermo added: “I downloaded it into Photoshop and zoomed into that area, and there it was, an apparent cylindrical shaped object casting a longish shadow and having a slanted roof.”
(NASA)
Now, let us take a careful look at some of the other imagery that has been collected, studied and placed into the public domain as evidence that there was (and possibly still is) life on Mars. One particular case – that I personally think has a high degree of merit attached to it – concerns what has become known as the “facehugger photograph.” Taken in July 2015 by NASA’s Curiosity Rover, it appears to show a strange creature that looks astonishingly like the monstrous face-invading creatures that appear in the phenomenally successful series of Alien movies. They starred Sigourney Weaver as Warrant Officer Ellen Ripley and reaped in an incredible amount of dollars. The story broke in early August 2015. The headlines were predictably sensational. The U.K.’s Metro newspaper ran with the story and titled their feature as follows: “Crab-like alien ‘facehugger’ is seen crawling out of a cave on Mars.” Now, onto Mars’ distant past.
May 22, 1984 was one of the most significant of all days in the incredible quest to seek out the truth of intelligent, alien life on Mars. So, why weren’t we, the public, told all about it? How come the story wasn’t splashed across the front pages of the world’s newspapers? Why weren’t major TV news networks on top of it? The answer to all of those questions is both controversial and amazing: the entire affair was deliberately shrouded in blankets upon blankets of secrecy. And who was responsible for ensuring that the secrecy remained intact? None other than the Central Intelligence Agency: the CIA. Operating out of its headquarters at Langley, Virginia, the CIA – for reasons that, decades later, still remain unclear – decided that it was vital to try and determine if Mars was a dead world, a planet teeming with life, or somewhere in between. The biggest question is: why would the CIA want to go and remote-view Mars’ ancient past? That’s exactly what the CIA did. The CIA’s remote-viewing team saw images (across seven studies of Mars) of planet-wide destruction in the distant past, of human-like giants who were not too different to us, and of pyramid-like structures. Indeed, Mars is a very intriguing world. It’s likely to stay like that.
(NASA) Note: NASA’s stance on its photos is that its material is not protected by copyright, unless if specified.
Native American 'Hopewell' Civilization WIPED OUT By Catastrophic Asteroid Striking North America! - Mike Adams Must Video
Native American 'Hopewell' Civilization WIPED OUT By Catastrophic Asteroid Striking North America! - Mike Adams Must Video
This is the fall of Babylon. Read the most brutal chapter in the book of Isaiah Chapter 13. That is referring to THEM. We are JACOB. GET OUT OF BABYLON! – and that is a SPIRITUAL exit: movies, tv, their satanic music, etc….
Here’s a sample: 4 The sound of a tumult is on the mountains as of a great multitude! The sound of an uproar of kingdoms, of nations gathering together! The Lord of hosts is mustering a host for battl
First-Ever Fully Autonomous DARPA Black Hawk Helicopter Takes To The Skies Without Pilot In Frightening Harbinger Of Soulless Robot Armies
First-Ever Fully Autonomous DARPA Black Hawk Helicopter Takes To The Skies Without Pilot In Frightening Harbinger Of Soulless Robot Armies
A fully autonomous DARPA Black Hawk helicopter has taken to the skies over the US without a human pilot on board for the first time in modern history.
In most dystopian visions of the future, we picture pilotless aircraft flying overhead using laser-guided missiles to destroy as legions of robot soldiers go from house to house, stomping on citizens who are trying in vain to plead for their lives. This week, a Black Hawk helicopter, using software and hardware created in a joint alliance between super-secret Army research group DARPA and Lockheed Martin, successfully flew without a human pilot, completing the mission and landing itself without a hitch.
“Behold ye among the heathen, and regard, and wonder marvellously: for I will work a work in your days, which ye will not believe, though it be told you.” Habakkuk 1:5 (KJB)
This is the world, pulled from the pages of Revelation, that is rushing towards us at a thousand miles per hour, without absolutely no hope of it missing its target. Autonomous vehicles are a must in the coming economy of Antichrist where, without the Mark of the Beast, you will not be allowed access to anything, especially not to your vehicles that could be used to fight against him. In the meantime, this technology is being sold as something that will create better ‘safety and security’, cutting down on crashes and accidents, and I’m sure it will be a blessing, right up to the moment it’s not.
Fully autonomous DARPA Black Hawk helicopter takes to the skies without a pilot for the first time
FROM THE DAILY MAIL UK:A partnership between Lockheed Martin Sikorsky and the Defence Armed Research Projects Agency (DARPA), it took off from Fort Campbell in Kentucky on February 5. Without anyone on board, the UH-60A Black Hawk completed a 30 minute flight above the US army installation, with a second flight held on February 7. It comes with an optionally piloted cockpit, that has to be switched from pilot, to autonomous mode – allowing an onboard computer brain to control the vehicle.
During the flightthe Aircrew Labor In-Cockpit Automation System (ALIAS) autonomous pilot was presented with a series of simulated obstacles to overcome. It had to execute a series of pedal turns, maneuvers and straightaways before carrying out a perfect landing back on the Fort Campbell runway – without any human intervention. The autonomous helicopter could be used to deliver supplies to dangerous war zones, or recover soldiers without risking a pilot.
‘This historic BLACK HAWK flight marks the first time that a UH-60 has flown autonomously and builds on recent demonstrations at the U.S. Army’s Project Convergence 2021,’ a Lockheed Martin spokesperson said in a statement.
Once it had shut itself down and the blades had stopped spinning, a pair of pilots entered the vehicle, switched it back to human mode and took it back to base.
This wasn’t the first timethe ALIAS system has been tested during a flight, and wasn’t the first time it had been used in a Black Hawk, but was the first time they’d trusted the autopilot to fly and land with no humans as a backup. One example of use could be for pilots flying into an area where visibility suddenly becomes a problem, flipping the switch to autonomous mode allows the ALIAS system to take over, using sensors rather than sight to navigate.
Benjamin Williamson, lead test pilot for the Fort Campbell event, said:‘This capability will allow pilots to confidently switch back and forth between autonomy and piloted modes at any point of their mission with the literal flip of a switch. This will support autonomous flight during a wide range of missions such as flight in degraded visual environments (DVE) and confined areas. Most critically, ALIAS will be capable of automatically detecting and preventing dangerous situations that lead to accidents, thereby saving lives.’
Most autonomous systems used in aircraft to date have acted as an assistant to pilots, carrying out simple tasks, but leaving complex and unexpected situations to the human.
However, ALIAS turned a basic Black Hawk into an aircraft that is completely autonomous, with the on-board brain able to handle all aspects of flight. This includes pre-flight procedures, including power, secondary control, wind checks and other elements, as well as the flight and landing – even in an emergency. If there had been a problem during the test flight, going as far as both engines failing, it would have found a safe landing spot and touched down, without human input. READ MORE
First Pilotless DARPA Black Hawk Helicopter Flight
Sitting on the runway in Fort Campbell, Kentucky, one of Sikorsky’s pilots in an S-70
BLACK HAWK® helicopter flips the optionally piloted cockpit switch from two to zero, exits the aircraft and walks across the runway.
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Hundreds Of Birds Filmed Hitting The Ground Leaving Dozens Dead & Dieing In Chihuahua, Mexico.
In what could only look like something from a scene of an Alfred Hitchcock movie but no this is real... This was captured on February 7, 2022 on an home CCTV and in the footage we can see hundreds of birds falling out of the sky and leaveing dozens dead with others dieing and a few getting back up and flying off. I know this isn't a UFO or Ghost footage but it's creepy, strange & fascinating all at the same time.
The question of whether life has ever existed on Mars continues to fascinate both the scientific community and the general public.
Indeed, part of the rationale behind NASA's Perseverance rover mission is to help uncover evidence of past life on the Red Planet by using x-rays to probe Martian rocks for signs of ancient microbial activity.
With man-made rovers roaming the Martian landscapes and state-of-the-art telescopes scouring the planet's surface, there is a now wealth of video and photo material from the Red Planet available to the general public.
As a result, Mars and UFO enthusiasts have been spending countless hours poring over the images and data in search of alien life. From the "Martian face" to a "Sasquatch-shaped rock," many "sightings" have been debunked over the years.
The latest such claim is being shared alongside a panoramic still from Mars, purportedly showing a mysterious "alien" figure.
On February 4, Scott Waring of the blog UFO Sightings Daily, which publishes claims of UFO sightings, shared a blog post titled "Alien Figure Watching Mars Rover! 100% Proof of Life! UFO Sighting News."
The post includes a cropped version of a photo of the surface of Mars taken by the Perseverance rover in 2021. Waring claims its shows a Martian rock with a person lying on top of it.
The blog post reads: "There is a person laying down watching the NASA Mars rover from a safe distance away. The person is about 1 foot tall, .3 meters and is laying down, pinkish upper chest, neck and face, radish hair, wearing a dark suit, but has a grey object over one shoulder...looks like a backpack of some sort. There are even footprints behind the person leading up to the location they chose to lay down at."
The blog post has since gained some news media attention and the photo has been shared widely on social media.
The Facts
The cropped photo shared by Waring is part of a panorama taken by the Perseverance rover in April, 2021. Tens of thousands of raw images of the Martian surface have been taken by the rover since it landed there in 2021.
The panorama can be seen here while the individual image apparently showing the alien can be found on the Perseverance rover website here. Below, Newsweek has cropped the photo and added a red circle to show the section of the image that UFO Sightings Daily claims shows an alien.
A photo taken by the Perseverance rover on Mars on April 20, 2021. Newsweek has circled the area that UFO Sightings Daily claims shows a person on a rock. NASA has said there is no evidence yet for life as we know it on the planet.NASA/JPL-CALTECH/ASU
The figure on the rock could be interpreted as someone lying down, though the image gets fuzzy and indistinct the closer one zooms in.
However, scientists reiterate that the surface of Mars is completely inhospitable to life as we know it—even for microbial life, let alone for humanoid figures capable of walking.
There are many reasons why this is the case. Mitch Schulte, Mars 2020 program scientist at NASA's headquarters in Washington, D.C., told Newsweek that the main issues for potential life on Mars are the lack of liquid water, as well as high levels of radiation, and generally low temperatures and atmospheric pressure.
There are also only trace amounts of oxygen in Mars' atmosphere. This would pose an issue for multicellular life, as it is understood on Earth, because it uses oxygen as a metabolic energy source.
"While it is conceivable that microscopic forms of life could exist, probably deep in the subsurface in areas where temperatures could be more moderate, the overlying rocks shield the environment from much of the radiation, and liquid water could exist, we have not found any evidence to date of extant life of any form on Mars," Schulte said.
Alana Johnson, senior communications specialist at NASA's Planetary Science Division, told Newsweek: "Space enthusiasts and other image processors are often excited about raw Mars imagery downlinked from NASA spacecraft. Sometimes it is interpreted, used, or altered to create fan-made works shared online."
Neither of the NASA representatives Newsweek spoke to said what the shape on the rock seen in the photo actually is. However, the space agency has collected an extensive list of alleged alien sightings on Mars in an article titled Space Oddities: NASA Sorts Fact From Fantasy and states that unusual shapes on the planet's surface are often the result of wind erosion.
In a response to a request for comment from Newsweek, Waring called himself a "hard core researcher" that seeks "truth about existence of intelligent life."
"We assume that every detail about Mars is 100 percent true, but...has the US government ever lied? Yes, of course they have," he wrote, without offering any specific evidence for the claim.
The Ruling
False.
NASA's Perseverance rover did not spot an alien relaxing on a Martian rock. The surface of Mars is completely inhospitable to life as we know it.
FACT CHECK BY NEWSWEEK
In this illustration made available by NASA, the Perseverance rover casts off its spacecraft's cruise stage, minutes before entering the Martian atmosphere in February 2021.
NASA/JPL-CALTECH VIA AP
RECENT RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
Guys there was a USAF seargeant that goes by the name of Karl Wolfe, who saw NASA photos of structures on the dark side of the moon. Sure you have heard about that, but as I went through this photo. I found some structures that boggle the mind. They look very advanced...so advanced they we bio-mechanically grown! Yeah thats a thing for aliens. Aliens do not have the time and often use this method to create a living structure that is genetically designed to create living environments suitable for their species.
Karl Wolf dedicated much of his life talking about the incident and trying to explain what he saw. I really wish he was alive today so he could help us identify with 100% accuracy which ones were structures, but...I did my best and I know these are alien structures.
Really fast UFO sighting over northern parts of Norway, 2022 – Norwegian mainstream medias reports!
Really fast UFO sighting over northern parts of Norway, 2022 – Norwegian mainstream medias reports!
This UFO sighting came in a mainstream news in Norway recently. Here are few updates from Norwegian medias:
Reports of no sound.
Norwegian Military says it does not have anything flying in the area.
Morten Bliet in Norsk meteornettverk says it’s “highly irregular.” And he continues: “Meteors usually burns up or disintegrate before it comes as low as the thing is on the video”
From Nordlys, a Norwegian newspaper:
We showed the video to Paal Brekke at the Norwegian Space Agency. He finds it difficult to conclude.
“It goes very fast as you say, but in still image it looks like a plane.”
“Do not think that it has a long enough tail to be satellite or space junk, but you should never say never.”
“It is unlikely that it is one of the satellites to SpaceX. That space station (translation probably means orbit) does not go that far north, and thus it is probably unlikely that this is what has been observed over Finnmark.”
Talk about a sauro-throat! Diplodocid discovered in Montana had a RESPIRATORY INFECTION 150 million years ago – and likely 'felt as miserable as we all do when we're sick', study finds
Talk about a sauro-throat! Diplodocid discovered in Montana had a RESPIRATORY INFECTION 150 million years ago – and likely 'felt as miserable as we all do when we're sick', study finds
New research suggests that dinosaurs may have been struck down with colds
Diplodocid remains provide first evidence of respiratory infection in a dinosaur
Named 'Dolly', it was found in Montana in 1990 and dates back 150 million years
Scientists said irregular neck protrusions likely formed in response to infection
It's never nice being under the weather with a sore throat.
But it's not just us humans who have suffered with colds throughout history — a new study suggests that the dinosaurs were also struck down with them.
Researchers said the fossilised remains of a young diplodocid, which was a large, long-necked herbivorous sauropod, provide the first evidence of a respiratory infection in a dinosaur.
They added that the Brontosaurus-like creature probably experienced similar symptoms to humans — coughing, trouble breathing, and a fever — and 'likely felt as miserable as we all do when we're sick'.
The specimen, nicknamed 'Dolly', was discovered in Montana in 1990 and dates back to the Late Jurassic Period around 150 million years ago.
Researchers said the fossilised remains of a young diplodocid, which was a large, long-necked herbivorous sauropod, may provide the first evidence of a respiratory infection in a dinosaur
Scientists said irregular bony protrusions found in Dolly's neck likely formed in response to an infection. They think this could have been caused by a fungal infection similar to aspergillosis, a common respiratory illness that affects birds and reptiles and can lead to bone infections
WHAT WERE DIPLODOCIDS?
Diplodocids were a group of sauropod dinosaurs which included some of the longest creatures ever to walk the Earth.
Some of the large, long-necked creatures, which count Diplodocus and Supersaurus as family members, were up to 112ft (34 metres) long.
While their necks were long, their legs most certainly were not.
Described by some as the 'dachshund' of the giant dinosaurs, diplodocids had short legs, with the rear ones longer than the front.
This gave their back a distinctive slope towards the neck.
Their diet is thought to have involved grazing on ferns and horsetails.
The specimen in this study by the Great Plains Dinosaur Museum in Montana, nicknamed 'Dolly', was discovered in the state in 1990 and dates back to the Late Jurassic Period around 150 million years ago.
Cary Woodruff and colleagues from the Great Plains Dinosaur Museum in Montana examined three of the bones from Dolly's neck and identified never-before-seen abnormal bony protrusions which had an unusual shape and texture.
These protrusions were found in an area of each bone where they would have been attached to air-filled structures, known as air sacs, which connected to the lungs and formed part of the dinosaur's respiratory system.
CT imaging of the irregular protrusions revealed that they were made of abnormal bone that most likely formed in response to an infection.
Based on their location, the researchers believe the abnormal bony protrusions formed in response to an infection in Dolly's air sacs, which then spread into its neck bones.
They think this could have been caused by a fungal infection similar to aspergillosis, a common respiratory illness that affects birds and reptiles and can lead to bone infections.
If Dolly had been infected with aspergillosis, the researchers said, it may have experienced flu or pneumonia-like symptoms such as weight loss, coughing, fever and breathing difficulties.
Not only that, but because aspergillosis can be fatal in birds if untreated, they believe Dolly could ultimately have died from it.
'Given the likely symptoms this animal suffered from, holding these infected bones in your hands, you can't help but feel sorry for Dolly,' said Woodruff.
'We've all experienced these same symptoms — coughing, trouble breathing, a fever, etc. — and here's a 150-million-year-old dinosaur that likely felt as miserable as we all do when we're sick.'
In addition to documenting the first occurrence of such a respiratory infection in a dinosaur, the authors said their study also had important anatomical implications for the respiratory system of sauropod dinosaurs.
'This fossil infection in Dolly not only helps us trace the evolutionary history of respiratory-related diseases back in time, but gives us a better understanding of what kinds of diseases dinosaurs were susceptible to,' Woodruff said.
Diplodocids were a group of sauropod dinosaurs which included some of the longest creatures ever to walk the Earth.
Researchers examined three of the bones from Dolly's neck and identified never-before-seen abnormal bony protrusions which had an unusual shape and texture (pictured)
Some of the large, long-necked creatures, which count Diplodocus and Supersaurus as family members, were up to 112ft (34 metres) long.
While their necks were long, their legs most certainly were not.
Described by some as the 'dachshund' of the giant dinosaurs, diplodocids had short legs, with the rear ones longer than the front.
The authors wrote in their paper: 'With more and continuing investigations, we will hopefully be able to continue to document and trace medical conditions present today, better our understanding of the disorders that affected the dinosaurs, and understand how the identification of these disorders contribute to our understanding of dinosaurian physiology.'
Tooth pain: A Tyrannosaurus rex that roamed the Earth 68 million years ago (pictured has been found to have suffered from bone disease in its jaw, new analysis reveals
Tyrannosaurus rex that roamed the Earth 68 million years ago has been found to have suffered from bone disease in its jaw, new analysis reveals.
Experts said the dinosaur, which was discovered in Montana in 2010 and is one of the most complete T.Rex skeletons ever found, had an infection of the bone known as tumefactive osteomyelitis.
It was diagnosed using a CT-based, non-invasive approach that researchers said could have significant implications on paleontology because it doesn't lead to the destruction of samples like other fossil analysis techniques.
Imaging of the T.Rex's jaw showed thickening and a mass on its surface that extended to the root of the teeth, according to the study's lead author Charlie Hamm, a radiologist at Charité University Hospital in Berlin.
He and his team detected a significant amount of the element fluorine in the mass, which they said was an indication of decreased bone density, and suggested that it was caused by inflammation or swelling in the jaw bone.
Moderne mens kwam mogelijk veel vroeger aan in Europa dan gedacht: “Dit herschrijft onze geschiedenisboeken”
De ontdekking van een oude gefossiliseerde kindertand in een Franse grot zou de geschiedenisboeken zomaar kunnen herschrijven, volgens een nieuw onderzoek gepubliceerd in Science Advances. Dat concludeert dat de homo sapiens al 54.000 jaar geleden in Europa is aangekomen, veel eerder dan tot nu gedacht. De moderne mens zou de neanderthalers dan ook niet zo snel van de aardbodem hebben geveegd als vaak wordt aangenomen. Voorwaardelijke wijs allemaal, want het bewijsmateriaal berust ruwweg op één kiesfragment en enkele werktuigen, toegeschreven aan homo sapiens.
Onze huidige mensensoort stamt af van homo sapiens. Daar is de wetenschap het over eens. Dat de homo sapiens ooit samenleefde met de neanderthaler en dat de twee mensensoorten weleens seks hadden met elkaar, staat eveneens vast. Niet-Afrikaanse moderne mensen delen nog altijd een stuk DNA met neanderthalers. Maar hoe het allemaal precies zit, daar blijft onduidelijkheid over.
Het was al bekend dat onze voorouders in het Midden-Oosten samenleefden met neanderthalers. Maar nu zijn een stuk melktand en enkele werktuigen van homo sapiens gevonden in de Mandrin-grot in de Rhônevallei in Zuid-Frankrijk. De kies lag in een aardlaag van tussen de 56.800 en 51.700 jaar oud en wordt door de archeologen op basis van de vorm toegewezen aan homo sapiens. Ongeveer 54.000 jaar geleden zouden er dus sapiens in die grot hebben gewoond, terwijl tot nu toe de komst van de moderne mens in Europa rond 45.000 jaar geleden werd geschat op basis van tanden en sieraden van sapiens die gevonden zijn in Italië en Bulgarije.
“We kunnen nu aantonen dat homo sapiens 12.000 jaar eerder arriveerde dan we hadden verwacht”, zegt professor Ludovic Slimak van de universiteit van Toulouse. “En dat deze bevolking daarna is vervangen door andere populaties neanderthalers. Dit herschrijft letterlijk al onze geschiedenisboeken.”
De Franse grot was zowel vóór als ná de periode van de homo sapiens ook bewoond door neanderthalers, die 400.000 jaar geleden arriveerden in Europa. Dat suggereert dat de twee mensensoorten ook in Europa samenleefden, en veel langer dan gedacht, mogelijk meer dan 10.000 jaar. Wetenschappers gingen ervan uit dat ze er maar een paar duizend jaren samenleefden, tot de neanderthalers ruim 40.000 jaar geleden uitstierven. Vaak wordt aangenomen dat de sapiens de neanderthalers toen uitroeiden, snel nadat onze voorouders vanuit Afrika naar Europa waren gekomen. De studie zet die theorie nu op de helling, volgens professor Chris Stringer van het Natural History Museum in Londen. “Het was niet zomaar een overname door de moderne mens van de ene dag op de andere”, zegt Stringer aan de BBC. “Soms hadden de neanderthalers de bovenhand, soms de moderne mens. Het was allemaal veel meer in evenwicht.”
NASA toont zich erg bezorgd over tienduizenden SpaceX-satellieten in de ruimte
Het Amerikaanse ruimtevaartbureau NASA maakt zich grote zorgen over de plannen van het commerciële ruimtevaartbedrijf SpaceX om duizenden Starlink-satellieten van een tweede generatie in de ruimte te brengen. Dit leidt tot een "significante toename" van potentiële botsingen in lage banen en doorkruist de lanceringen en wetenschappelijke activiteiten van de NASA zelf, zo staat in een brief van vijf bladzijden aan de Amerikaanse telecomwaakhond FCC.
Met ‘Starlink’ wil SpaceX-oprichter Elon Musk wereldwijd supersnel breedbandinternet aanbieden. Het bedrijf heeft daarvoor al meer dan 2.000 van in totaal 12.000 toegestane satellieten gelanceerd, van elk grofweg 260 kilo per stuk. Tegen 2024 moeten de 12.000 satellieten in de ruimte zijn geschoten.
Daar blijft het niet bij, want SpaceX wil dat aantal uiteindelijk op 42.000 brengen. Het bedrijf heeft de FCC in dat verband voorgesteld om nog eens zowat 30.000 stuks van een tweede generatie in de ruimte brengen.
Botsingen
De NASA meldt in de brief aan de telecomwaakhond dat er momenteel zo’n 25.000 objecten in een baan rond de aarde worden gevolgd, ruim 6.000 van deze objecten bevinden zich op maximaal 600 kilometer afstand van het aardoppervlak. De plannen van SpaceX zouden “het aantal gevolgde objecten verdubbelen en het aantal objecten op minder dan 600 kilometer afstand vervijfvoudigen”, aldus de ruimtevaartorganisatie.
NASA stelt dat het “zich zorgen maakt over de gevolgen voor de wetenschappelijke en menselijke ruimtevluchten”.
De plannen verhogen in het bijzonder het risico op botsingen en kunnen wetenschappelijke en bemande missies in gevaar brengen, beklemtoont het ruimtevaartbureau. Lanceringen van vracht en astronauten naar het Internationaal Ruimtestation ISS bijvoorbeeld worden moeilijker. Verder kunnen instrumenten op wetenschappelijke satellieten hinder ondervinden, net als astronomische waarnemingen vanop de grond.
De NASA wijst er ook op dat satellieten van een andere constellatie mogelijk moeten uitwijken voor Starlinks en op hun beurt het risico op botsingen kunnen verhogen.
Afwachten
De gerenommeerde astrofysicus Jonathan McDowell van de Harvard-universiteit legt uit dat het grote aantal satellieten inderdaad mogelijk voor problemen kan zorgen. “Mogelijk is het verstandig eerst ervaring op te doen met de duizenden satellieten die zich momenteel al in een baan om de aarde bevinden, voordat we kunnen opschalen naar tienduizenden objecten”, aldus McDowell.
Het is niet de eerste keer dat er kritiek komt op de steeds chaotischere situatie in de ruimte, onder meer door Starlink-satellieten. Behalve SpaceX werken ook andere partijen, waaronder Facebook en Amazon, aan vergelijkbare satellietverzamelingen. De hoeveelheid ruimtepuin en actieve satellieten is de voorbije jaren sneller dan ooit gestegen, met bijna-botsingen tot gevolg.
Eind vorig jaar maakte China zich nog bijzonder boos omdat een botsing tussen zijn ruimtestation en twee Starlink-satellieten alleen maar was vermeden door het bemande station Tiangong zelf te laten uitwijken. Eerder moest ook het Europese ruimtevaartagentschap ESA al eens een koerscorrectie uitvoeren op een van hun satellieten om een botsing met eentje van Elon Musk te vermijden.
In een reactie bij de Britse zakenkrant Financial Times wees Musk kritiek op zijn netwerk van de hand. Volgens de miljardair is de ruimte “extreem gigantisch” en is er ruimte genoeg voor tientallen miljarden satellieten. “Het is zoals zeggen: hier zijn nog een paar duizend extra auto’s op aarde. Het is niks.”
Belgische experten werken aan ruimteverkeersleiding
Daar denkt dus lang niet iedereen hetzelfde over. Een internationale coördinatie in de ruimte dringt zich volgens velen steeds meer op.
Opvallend in dat verband is dat de Belgische universiteit KU Leuven op vraag van de Europese Unie aan een soort ruimteverkeersleiding werkt; een coördinatiesysteem voor alles wat rondzweeft in de ruimte, zoals we dat vandaag ook al kennen voor het vliegverkeer.
Wetenschappers ontdekken dat dinosaurussen ook al last hadden van luchtweginfecties
Dinosaurussen hadden vermoedelijk ook al last van luchtweginfecties. Op fossiele resten van een jonge dino, die de koosnaam Dolly heeft gekregen, hebben Amerikaanse onderzoekers daar voor het eerst concrete aanwijzingen voor gevonden.
Op botten uit de nek van het dier ontdekten ze “benige uitsteeksels” met een “opvallend ongebruikelijke vorm en textuur”. Ze zaten precies op de plaatsen waar vermoedelijk luchtzakjes aanhechtten die in verbinding stonden met de longen van de dino.
Dolly hoorde tot de familie van de zogeheten Diplodocidae, grote plantenetende dinosaurussen. De onderzoekers van de universiteit van Ohio kwamen meer over haar verleden te weten door drie nekwervels te onderwerpen aan een CT-scan. Na circa 150 miljoen jaar valt niet meer te achterhalen wat voor ziekteverwekker het dier precies had opgelopen.
In hun artikel, dat is gepubliceerd in het wetenschappelijke tijdschrift Scientific Reports, speculeren de wetenschappers dat Dolly mogelijk een schimmelinfectie had opgelopen die tot in de botten doordrong, zoals aspergillose. Dat overkomt vogels en reptielen vandaag de dag ook nog.
“Als je deze geïnfecteerde botten vasthoudt en bedenkt van welke symptomen dit dier waarschijnlijk last had, kun je het niet helpen om medelijden te voelen voor Dolly”, zegt onderzoeker Cary Woodruff in een verklaring. “We kennen het allemaal. Hoesten, ademhalingsproblemen, koorts, noemt het maar op. En hier is een 150 miljoen jaar oude dinosaurus die zich waarschijnlijk net zo belabberd voelde als wij wanneer we ziek zijn.”
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I Traveled To Other Planets During My Near Death Experience
I Traveled To Other Planets During My Near Death Experience
Have you ever wondered what happens to us when we die? Some people experience NDE's and no longer have to wonder.
A near-death experience (NDE) is a profound personal experience associated with death or impending death which researchers claim share similar characteristics.
When positive, such experiences may encompass a variety of sensations including detachment from the body, feelings of levitation, total serenity, security, warmth, the experience of absolute dissolution, and the presence of a light. When negative, such experiences may include sensations of anguish and distress.
Explanations for NDEs vary from scientific to religious. Neuroscience research hypothesizes that an NDE is a subjective phenomenon resulting from "disturbed bodily multisensory integration" that occurs during life-threatening events, while some transcendental and religious beliefs about an afterlife include descriptions similar to NDEs.
Bijna duizend raadselachtige strengen ontdekt in Melkwegcentrum
Bijna duizend raadselachtige strengen ontdekt in Melkwegcentrum
Op een nieuw mozaïek van het turbulente centrum van ons Melkwegstelsel zijn bijna duizend geheimzinnige slierten te zien, die op onverklaarbare wijze in de ruimte ‘bungelen’. Deze eendimensionale ‘filamenten’, die tot 150 lichtjaar lang kunnen zijn, vormen paren en clusters, vaak op gelijke onderlinge afstanden – ongeveer zoals de snaren van een harp.
Hun bestaan is al bijna veertig jaar bekend, maar hoe ze zijn ontstaan is nog steeds niet duidelijk. Het nieuwe mozaïek biedt mogelijke aanknopingspunten (The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 3 februari).
Op de nieuwe afbeelding zijn tien keer meer filamenten te zien dan eerder waren ontdekt. Dat gaf Farhad Yusef-Zadeh van Northwestern University de mogelijkheid om de populatie van filamenten aan een statistische analyse te onderwerpen. Yusef-Zadeh is degene die de filamenten begin jaren tachtig als eerste opmerkte.
Hij en zijn team hebben de hemel de afgelopen drie jaar in kaart gebracht met de MeerKAT-radiotelescoop in Zuid-Afrika. Dat heeft een mozaïek opgeleverd van twintig hemelgebieden in de richting van het Melkwegcentrum, dat 25.000 lichtjaar van ons verwijderd is. Het complete resultaat zal binnenkort in The Astrophysical Journal worden gepubliceerd.
Behalve de filamenten zijn op de opnamen ook de radio-emissies van talrijke andere verschijnselen zoals steruitbarstingen, stellaire kraamkamers en nieuwe supernovaresten te zien. In hun recente publicatie hebben de astronomen specifiek gekeken naar de magnetische velden van de filamenten en de rol die kosmische straling speelt bij het oplichten ervan.
Daarbij is vastgesteld dat de variaties in de radiostraling die door de filamenten wordt uitgezonden sterk verschillen van die van een recent ontdekt supernovarestant. Dat suggereert dat er geen relatie bestaat tussen deze verschijnselen. Volgens de onderzoekers is het waarschijnlijker dat de filamenten verband houden met vroegere activiteit van het superzware zwarte gat in het centrum van de Melkweg. Een andere mogelijkheid is dat de filamenten te maken hebben met de enorme radiostraling-uitzendende bellen die Yusef-Zadeh en medewerkers in 2019 hebben ontdekt.
Momenteel zijn de onderzoekers van Northwestern University bezig om de eigenschappen van de afzonderlijke filamenten in kaart te brengen. Een van de vragen die de astronomen willen beantwoorden is waarom de filamenten in de clusters zich op gelijke onderlinge afstanden van ongeveer 150 miljoen kilometer bevinden. Ook is nog onduidelijk of de filamenten bewegen en hoe het kan dat ze elektronen versnellen tot bijna de snelheid van het licht.
De strengen – bijna duizend in aantal – kunnen wel 150 lichtjaar lang zijn en ze bestaan volgens Yusef-Zadeh uit elektronen die in het magnetische veld ronddraaien en bewegen met bijna de lichtsnelheid. De strengen komen in paren of clusters voor, zo lijkt het (zie de foto hieronder). Bij de clusters is de afstand tussen de strengen ongeveer gelijk – naar schatting bedraagt hun onderlinge afstand zo’n 150 miljoen km, dat is de afstand tussen aarde en zon – en lijken ze op de snaren van een harp.
Credit: Northwestern/ SARAO/ Oxford.
Yusef-Zadeh en zijn team hebben geprobeerd de oorsprong te achterhalen van de paren en clusters van strengen, maar echte duidelijkheid daarover hebben ze nog niet. Op de met MeerKAT gemaakte foto komen ook talloze supernovarestanten voor, expanderende schillen van heet gas die veroorzaakt zijn door exploderende sterren. De strengen lijken daar geen verband mee te hebben. Men denkt eerder aan een verband van de strengen met de activiteit van Sagittarius A* (kortweg Sgr A), het superzware zwarte gat in het centrum van de Melkweg. In 2019 ontdekte Yusef-Zadeh en z’n team twee enorme bellen van gas aan weerszijden van Sgr A, die radiostraling uitzenden (zie de foto hieronder). Het zou kunnen dat de strengen verbonden zijn op de één of andere manier aan die bellen. Alle strengen zijn magnetisch, zo is inmiddels wel duidelijk geworden. Maar hoe de elektronen daarbinnen tot snelheden van bijna de lichtsnelheid kunnen komen is niet bekend. Kortom, nog veel werk aan de winkel met deze mysterieuze strengen.
De twee in 2019 ontdekte bellen.
Credit: SARAO / Oxford / NRAO / AUI / NSF
Hier en daar de vakartikelen over de mysterieuze strengen in het Melkwegcentrum, te verschijnen in een komende editie van The Astrophysical Journal.
The Joint European Torus tokamak near Oxford, UK, is a test bed for the world’s largest fusion experiment, ITER, in France.
Credit: Christopher Roux (CEA-IRFM)/EUROfusion (CC BY 4.0)
A 24-year-old nuclear-fusion record has crumbled. Scientists at the Joint European Torus (JET) near Oxford, UK, announced on 9 February that they had generated the highest-ever sustained energy from fusing together atoms, more than doubling their own record from experiments performed in 1997.
“These landmark results have taken us a huge step closer to conquering one of the biggest scientific and engineering challenges of them all,” said Ian Chapman, who leads the Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), where JET is based, in a statement. JET is owned by the UK Atomic Energy Authority, but it’s scientific operations are run by a European collaboration called EUROfusion.
If researchers can harness nuclear fusion — the process that powers the Sun — it promises to provide a near-limitless source of clean energy. But so far no experiment has generated more energy out than it puts in. JET’s results do not change that, but they suggest that a follow-up fusion reactor project that uses the same technology and fuel mix — the ambitious US$22-billion ITER, scheduled to begin fusion experiments in 2025 — should eventually be able to achieve this goal.
“JET really achieved what was predicted. The same modelling now says ITER will work,” says fusion physicist Josefine Proll at Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands, who was not involved in JET’s research. “It’s a really, really good sign and I’m excited.”
Two decades’ work
The experiments — the culmination of almost two decades’ work — are important for helping scientists to predict how ITER will behave and will guide its operating settings, says Anne White, a plasma physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge who works on tokamaks, reactors like JET that have a doughnut shape. “I am sure I am not alone in the fusion community in wanting to extend very hearty congratulations to the JET Team.”
JET and ITER use magnetic fields to confine plasma, a superheated gas of hydrogen isotopes, in the tokamak. Under heat and pressure, the hydrogen isotopes fuse into helium, releasing energy as neutrons.
To break the energy record, JET used a tritium fuel mix, the same one that will power ITER, which is being built in southern France. Tritium is a rare and radioactive isotope of hydrogen that, when fusing with deuterium, produces many more neutrons than do deuterium reactions alone. That ramps up the energy output, but using this fuel required JET to undergo more than two years of renovation to prepare the machine for the onslaught. Tritium was last used by a tokamak fusion experiment when JET set the previous fusion energy record in 1997.
JET contained two types of heavy hydrogen, deuterium and tritium, in fusion experiments performed last year.
Credit: EUROfusion consortium
In an experiment on 21 December 2021, JET’s tokamak produced 59 megajoules of energy over a fusion ‘pulse’ of five seconds, more than double the 21.7 megajoules released in 1997 over around four seconds. Although the 1997 experiment still retains the record for ‘peak power’, it was over a fraction of a second and its average power then was less than half that of today, says Fernanda Rimini, a plasma scientist at the CCFE who oversaw the latest experimental campaign. The improvement took 20 years of experimental optimization, as well as hardware upgrades that included replacing the tokamak’s inner wall to waste less fuel, she says.
Power ratio
Producing the energy over a number of seconds is essential for understanding the heating, cooling and movement happening inside the plasma that will be crucial to run ITER, says Rimini.
Five seconds “is a big deal”, adds Proll, who works on an alternative fusion-reactor design called a stellarator. “It is really, really impressive.”
Last year, the US Department of Energy’s National Ignition Facility set a different fusion record — it used laser technology to produce the highest fusion power output relative to power in, a value called Q. The facility produced a Q of 0.7, where 1 would be breakeven — a landmark for laser fusion that beat JET’s 1997 record. But the event was short lived, producing just 1.9 megajoules over less than 4 billionths of a second.
JET’s latest experiment sustained a Q value of 0.33 for five seconds, says Rimini. At one-tenth of the volume, JET is a scaled-down version of ITER — a bathtub compared to a swimming pool, says Proll, and because it loses heat more easily it was never expected to hit breakeven. If engineers applied the same conditions and physics approach to ITER, she says, it would probably reach its goal of a Q of 10, producing ten times the energy put in.
Fusion researchers are far from having all the answers. A remaining challenge, for example, is dealing with the heat created in the exhaust region of the ITER reactor, which will increase in area compared with JET, but not proportionally with the surge in power it will have to deal with. Research is under way to work out which design would best withstand the heat, but they’re not there yet, says Proll.
The record-breaking run happened on the last day of a five-month campaign from which Rimini says scientists gleaned a wealth of information that they will analyse over the coming years. The final experiment pushed the device to its “absolute maximum”, adds Rimini, who witnessed the record-breaking test in real-time. “We didn’t jump up and down and hug each other — we were at 2 metres distance — but it was very exciting.”
The UK-based Joint European Torus (JET) lab smashed its own 25-year-old record, producing 59 megajoules of energy over five seconds, roughly the equivalent of 30 pounds of TNT.
And thanks to a camera mounted inside the reactor, now we get to watch an incredible display of glowing plasma whipping around the interior of the donut-shaped chamber.
Hot in Herre
Conditions inside the reactor are extreme to say the least, with temperatures reaching in excess of 100 million degrees Celsius, ten times the core of the Sun. The plasma glow is created by isotopes of deuterium and tritium fusing together to form helium, essentially the same process that powers stars like our Sun.
The goal of achieving fusion — a virtually limitless supply of truly green and safe energy — is likely still many years out. The reaction may have lasted for a record five seconds, but the amount of energy needed to get the reaction going still far exceeds the amount that was gained.
But that doesn’t mean this week’s breakthrough wasn’t a major step towards that goal.
“It is really, really impressive,” fusion physicist Josefine Proll at Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands, who was not involved in the latest demo, told Nature, adding that five seconds is a “big deal.”
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Fusion Scientists Say They Just Made a Major Breakthrough
Fusion Scientists Say They Just Made a Major Breakthrough
"We've demonstrated that we can create a mini star inside of our machine and hold it..."
Image by JET
Scientists at the UK-based Joint European Torus (JET) lab have smashed a fusion energy record for the first time in 25 years, producing 59 megajoules of energy over five seconds, the BBC reports. That’s 11 megawatts, enough to boil about 60 kettles worth of water, or the equivalent of 30 pounds of TNT.
The test more than doubles the previous record of just 21.7 megajoules, set in 1997 at the same facility.
The team behind the experiment say it’s a major breakthrough, and one that inches closer to a green form of energy that doesn’t run the risk of ending in a nuclear meltdown.
“The JET experiments put us a step closer to fusion power,” Joe Milnes, the head of operations at JET, told the BBC. “We’ve demonstrated that we can create a mini star inside of our machine and hold it there for five seconds and get high performance, which really takes us into a new realm.”
“These landmark results have taken us a huge step closer to conquering one of the biggest scientific and engineering challenges of them all,” Ian Chapman, the chief executive of the UK Atomic Energy Authority, said in a statement. “It’s clear we must make significant changes to address the effects of climate change, and fusion offers so much potential.”
The test involved heating up ionized gases to roughly ten times the temperature of the Sun’s core. In these conditions, atomic nuclei fuse and release copious amounts of energy.
The difficult part is producing more energy than has to be put in to kickstart the reaction, which remains the holy grail of fusion energy. The JET facility achieved a Q value, the fusion power output relative to power, of just 0.33. A value of one would mean the facility produced as much energy as it used.
That may not sound awfully impressive in and of itself, but the fact that it sustained such a value over five seconds represents a major leap in the field. The 1997 record may have achieved a Q value of 0.7 — but it did so for less than 4 billionths of a second, as Nature points out.
Still, the JET reactor won’t be powering homes any time soon.
“Five seconds doesn’t sound like much, but if you can burn it for five seconds, presumably you could keep it stable and keep it burning for many minutes, hours, or days, which is what you are going to need for a proper fusion power plant, Mark Wenman, nuclear materials research fellow at Imperial College London, told The Guardian.
“It’s the proof of that concept that they have achieved,” he added.
The landmark experiment sets the stage for the much larger ITER, a multi-billion dollar fusion reactor being built in France. JET uses the same deuterium-tritium fuel mix that ITER will be using as well.
While it’s a notable moment in the development of fusion energy, scientists still have a long way to go until we can use fusion reactors as a sustainable form of energy.
But, for now, it’s important to celebrate a step in the right direction.
“We didn’t jump up and down and hug each other — we were at 2 metres distance — but it was very exciting,” Fernanda Rimini, a plasma scientist at the Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE) where JET is based, told Nature.
GEOMAGNETIC STORM KILLS 40 OF SPACEX’S STARLINK SATELLITES
GEOMAGNETIC STORM KILLS 40 OF SPACEX’S STARLINK SATELLITES
SORRY, ELON.
SPACEX/FUTURISM
Doomed Satellites
Sorry, Elon: a solar storm killed a bunch of Starlink satellites that SpaceX launched into orbit last week.
The 49 satellites were launched on February 3, according to a SpaceX update. Unfortunately, a geomagnetic storm had recently hit. This increased the density of Earth’s atmosphere, and with it the drag on the satellites, dooming 40 of them to deorbit.
“Preliminary analysis show the increased drag at the low altitudes prevented the satellites from leaving safe-mode to begin orbit raising maneuvers, and up to 40 of the satellites will reenter or already have reentered the Earth’s atmosphere,” the update said.
SpaceX said that the nearly 600lb falling satellites pose no danger to those on the ground, since they were designed to break up into tiny pieces upon reentry. The company also said that the wreckage poses “zero collision risk with other satellites.”
Geo Storm
Geomagnetic stormsoccur when the Sun creates big bursts of energy from events like solar flares. The bursts can create solar winds that impact Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere.
A solar flare that occurred on January 30 created a burst that traveled at some three million miles per hour, until it reached Earth and swatted down the 40 satellites like flies.
While this is certainly a learning experience for Musk and the SpaceX team, that’s cold comfort considering the company reportedly needs to keep launching satellites to keep financially afloat.
But we’ll cut them a break. After all, who of us hasn’t headed out without checking the weather and ended up in a nasty storm?
Of course, we don’t typically lose tens of millions of dollars in sophisticated space equipment when we do.
Four UFO "Orbs" Sighted Over Lebanon In Tennessee On January 18, 2022
While driving along the highway the witness noticed these four strange lights just hovering so she pulled over and began to film what she was witnessing. In the footage we see these orbs and they do not move and with the lack of any smoke we can rule out flares and how cool would it have been if she had filmed them taking off...
Thanks to koala girl for allowing me the use of her footage and to view the original:
Creepy Figure Of Someone Or Something Lurking Inside This Woman's Closet. February 3, 2022
This was captured at the apartment of a lady called "Jade" who lives in San Francisco, California on february 3, 2022. The following statement was given by "Maxine".
"Jade says she experiences it all the time but I doubt it and I still think there's some explanation. She was recording it to prove it and said that when she opened the door, she noticed something hard to make out and told me it looked like a faceless person. she ran over to my apartment which is literally right next to hers and told me she thinks someone broke might've broke in or a demon or something but wasn't sure but doesn't want to go back to check. I went in with a tazer, nothing there. There's alot of crack heads in the area and she forgets to lock the door so I suspect someone high on meth broke in. But CREEPY none the less, we called the cops and couldnt find anyone there, but it was much later so they probably left, she's been staying at my place until shes more comfortable or until she gets a roommate. Her experiences is explainable by pipes, like weird ghastly moaning sounds, creaking and footsteps. I can't guarantee this is paranormal at all. Creepy? Oh yeah no doubt about it, but feel free to post it if you think it is. She certainly does. Cant promise any viewers won't have the same reaction I did and assume it's a hobo."
Thanks to Jade & Maxine for allowing me the use of this footage and to view the original:
Strange Lights To Which Witnesses Claim To Belong To A Flying Saucer Over Argentina. January 6, 2022
This footage was captured by a group of people over their local beach at Mar del Plata in Argentina, On January 6, 2022. In the footage we can see that the lights are rotating as if they are affixed to a very large UFO or as the witnesses claim a flying saucer but the night sky can hide many things....
Thanks to Adrian Barbona for allowing me the use of his footage and to view the original:
My previous article was on the subject of strange anomalies on the planet Mars. With that in mind, I thought I would focus today on a few anomalies of the Moon. Namely, the possibility of some kind of base(s) on the Moon – whether it’s an alien base or a facility of the U.S. military/government. Whatever the truth, the stories are fascinating. We’ll begin with a woman named Donna Hare, who worked for Philco, a company that NASA contracted at the dawning of the 1960s to provide NASA with a worldwide tracking station network for its manned Project Mercury flights. Hare, who became the recipient of a number of awards from NASA, including an Apollo Achievement Award, ultimately spent more than a decade-and-a-half subcontracted to the space agency, working in Building 8 in the Photographic Laboratory at the Houston, Texas-based Johnson Space Center. Hare had an enlightening story to tell. On one occasion she entered a particular room where much of the photographic data that had been collected on the Apollo missions to the Moon, and by NASA satellites in Earth orbit, was dispatched to be developed and studied.
(NASA)
While there, Hare had the opportunity to speak with a colleague who showed her one photograph that displayed what was clearly a circular-shaped object in the skies. The man admitted to Hare that although he couldn’t tell her what it did show, he could confirm that a particular part of his job involved him having to airbrush such imagery, specifically to ensure that aerial anomalies like this one never, ever made their way into the public domain. Someone (or some group) in NASA, it seems, had sent the order down for its own UFO photographs to be censored. And this would not be the only occasion when such a thing reportedly happened.
A further individual who made intriguing revelations was Karl Wolfe, a U.S. Air Force operative whose clearance level was Top Secret. Midway through 1965, Wolfe spent some time working on an assignment at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia, that was connected with NASA’s lunar orbiter. Wolfe got talking to a fellow airman who was also working on the project. As the two chatted, it became clear that the airman was deeply worried about something big. He finally confided in Wolfe that during the course of its analysis of its photographs of the Moon, NASA had uncovered evidence of a large base of unknown origin and intent that was situated upon the far side of the Moon’s surface. There was absolutely no doubt that those whose job it was to analyze the pictures were not misinterpreting unusual rock formations. Rather, the pictures clearly showed intelligently designed and crafted structures that made the mysterious base sound much like a huge, sprawling space city than anything else. Wolfe, realizing that he had just been exposed to a story that was surely the subject of a high degree of official secrecyand stringent security, chose to break off the conversation, even though it had clearly fascinated him. For some time afterward, Wolf wondered if such a fantastic discovery would one day be announced to the world at large on the nation’s news. It was not, of course.
(NASA)
There is another angle to this. Some conspiracy theorists have suggested that the mysterious Moon base was actually one of ours, rather than a facility created by extraterrestrials. The reason why I say that is because the U.S. military had plans – decades – ago – to secretly place a base on the Moon. The operation was titled Project Horizon. It fell under the auspices of the U.S. Army, and had its origins in the latter part of the 1950s. The plan was to take the first steps towards constructing an installation on the surface of the Moon by the mid-1960s. The goal was for the base to be armed with nuclear weapons and which could be used to decimate the Soviet Union if the United States was hit by a sneak attack and the infrastructure of the nation was significantly destroyed.
After much preliminary discussion, it was in late March 1959 that the ambitious program was finally put into place. Overseeing many of the plans to create the secret base was Lieutenant General Arthur G. Trudeau. At the time, Trudeau was the Army’s Chief of Research and Development. Now-declassified files on Project Horizon demonstrate that Trudeau and his team estimated it would cost approximately $6 Billion to design, build and fully equip a base on the Moon. In a document titled Project Horizon: A U.S. Army Study for the Establishment of a Lunar Military Post, Trudeau wrote the following words: “There is a requirement for a manned military outpost on the Moon. The lunar outpost is required to develop and protect potential United States interests on the Moon; to develop techniques in Moon-based surveillance of the Earth and space, in communications relay, and in operations on the surface of the Moon, for further exploration into space and for military operations on the Moon if required; and to support scientific investigations on the Moon.”
As far as we know, and as history tells us, Project Horizon was shot-down: the budget and the technology just weren’t up for it. Is it feasible that an arm of the U.S. military really did place a base on the Moon? Or, was the base that Karl Wolfe learned of an extraterrestrial facility? Even more incredible, could there have been both bases? Namely, one of ours and one of…theirs.
(NASA) Note: NASA’s stance on its photos is that its material is not protected by copyright, unless if specified.
These photos are free for use.
ALL RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
NASA wil voor het eerst raket lanceren vanop een andere planeet om Marsstenen naar de aarde te brengen
Marsrover Perseverance verzamelt al maanden stenen en stukken bodem op de rode planeet. De monsters moeten uiteindelijk op aarde belanden voor verder onderzoek. Dat transport wordt nog een hele klus. Als onderdeel van de missie zal voor het eerst een raket gelanceerd worden vanop een andere planeet dan de onze.
Perseverance speurt al maanden de oppervlakte van Mars af naar bodem- en steenmonsters. Deze stalen worden zorgvuldig bewaard in afgesloten buisjes, waarvan Perseverance er in totaal 43 ter beschikking heeft. Zeven buisjes zijn al gevuld. Ooit zouden de stalen op aarde moeten terechtkomen zodat wetenschappers ze nader kunnen onderzoeken. Om dat bijzondere vervoer voor mekaar te krijgen, heeft NASA de Mars Sample Return-missie (‘terugkeer van Marsmonsters’) in het leven geroepen. Het uiteindelijke doel zal pas worden bereikt ergens tussen 2030 en 2035, wanneer de eerste monsters op aarde worden verwacht.
Maar intussen zit NASA niet stil. Het heeft nu aan Lockhead Martin de bouw uitbesteed van een nieuwe raket om de verzamelde stalen in eerste instantie weg te krijgen van Mars. Het moet een lichtgewicht raket worden, Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV) genoemd. De raket moet de monsters vanop Mars in een baan rond de rode planeet sturen. NASA zal zo geschiedenis schrijven omdat de mens voor het eerst een raket vanop een andere planeet dan de aarde zal lanceren.
170 miljoen euro
Lockhead Martin mag MAV ontwerpen, bouwen en testen, en krijgt daar van NASA 194 miljoen dollar (170 miljoen euro) voor. Het is de bedoeling dat de definitieve raket al in 2026 naar Mars wordt gevoerd door de Sample Retrieval Lander (SRL), ontwikkeld door Airbus. Daarom mag de raket niet te groot en niet te zwaar zijn: ze moet in die Sample Retrieval Lander (‘lander die monsters ophaalt’) passen.
Na de landing van de SRL in of bij de Jezero-krater - waar ook Perseverance vorig jaar is geland en sindsdien aan het werk is - zal de lander nog een ander voertuig lossen, een kleine rover. Het gaat om de Sample Fetch Rover (SFR), Engels voor ‘rover die monsters oppikt’. Deze ‘loopjongen’ brengt de stalen naar de lander, die vanaf dan een nieuwe functie krijgt: lanceerplatform voor MAV.
Het Mars Ascent Vehicle, gebouwd door Lockhead Martin, schiet de stalen dan in een baan rond Mars, waar vervolgens de Earth Return Orbiter overneemt. De orbiter, ook ontwikkeld door Airbus in opdracht van de Europese ruimteorganisatie ESA, pikt de Marsmonsters op en zet koers naar de aarde. De orbiter zou tegen het eind van dit decennium in een baan om Mars moeten draaien.
De ultieme vraag is of de wetenschappers hier op aarde in de Marsmonsters sporen zullen vinden van eventueel vroeger leven op de rode planeet. Het antwoord daarop krijgen we dus mogelijk pas volgend decennium.
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Abandoned Ship Found In Antarctica On Google Earth, UFO Sighting News
Abandoned Ship Found In Antarctica On Google Earth, UFO Sighting News.
Date of discovery:Feb 8, 2022
Location of discovery: Antarctica, near Elephant Island
Google coordinates: 61°27'24.46"S 55°27'6.79"W
Guys I want to show you something big...its a ship, but not an alien ship as far I know. This looks like an old abandoned cargo ship that was stuck in Antarctica for a few months. Where it is today, is unknown, but for a while it sat there abandoned. I can easily make out the railing that goes from the front deck to the back area. Its a long straight line and it looks like it had a raised back part where the captains and crew quarters would normally be. But it has a front nose area with a small fin or wing on it...which is more similar to the front of some nuclear submarines...but...nah...it couldn't be right? Even though some nuclear subs have been lost at sea. I think its a cargo ship. Check out my video below to learn more. And please subscribe to my Youtube channel, UFO Sightings Daily.
Only the ship is just a few km from a UFO crash I reported last year...you can see it in the video below.
UFO Hovering Over Islamabad, Pakistan, 13 min HD video, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Hovering Over Islamabad, Pakistan, 13 min HD video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:January 25, 2022
Location of sighting: Islamabad, Pakistan
Wow! Just wow! This is what every UFO research dreams of. Thirteen full minutes in HD of a UFO...all the while the eyewitness has a steady hand! Fantastic capture and lucky for us, eyewitness Arslen Warraich was on the job! I have seen similar UFO photos of such craft in old reports going back decades ago, so I know this craft is 100% the real deal. There is no denying the existence of UFOs now!
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
This is the longest recorded UFO sighting by a civilian on record, 13 mins of footage. I saw this when I was landing my drone, it hovered for over 2 hours at this spot when eventually it got dark and I couldn’t see it anymore.
Huge Glowing Disk Over Argentina On January 6, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Huge Glowing Disk Over Argentina On January 6, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: 1-6-2022
Location of sighting: Mar Del Plata, Argentina
This eyewitness caught a large glowing disk. On the disk are several round powerful lights. These lights are clearly seen rotating slowly in a circle around the craft. The eyewitnesses where shocked to and gasped in terror and amazement at what they saw in front of them. You can hear the the fear as their voices fluctuate in uneasiness at this alien craft. Wow! It gave me shivers just watching and listening to them. What a cool experience for them...for their eyes and mind to be opened up instantly...knowing that intelligent life is right in front of them! UFOs are often seen in South America and are usually seen exiting and entering volcanos in the region. The city of Mar Del Plata however is on the edge of the Atlantic ocean, which means this UFO came from an underwater base somewhere nearby.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Daytime photo of the city of Mar Del Plata, Argentina.
UFOs Shock Eyewitnesses At Lebanon, Tennessee On January 18, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.
UFOs Shock Eyewitnesses At Lebanon, Tennessee On January 18, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: January 18, 2022
Location of sighting:Lebanon, Tennessee, USA
Watch this video and you might be surprised at how many glowing UFOs you see. Four glowing objects sat over the horizon on the outskirts of Lebanon, Tennessee. The eyewitnesses were confused at what the objects could be and considered stated that the hills were clearly below the objects. The screenshot above shows four rectangle shaped craft glowing powerfully. These objects seem to be in military formation...sitting in formation until they eventually disappear together. When they disappear, that means they either shot away at faster than the speed of light, or they transported the UFOs below the surface to a hidden alien base 5-6km below the surface. Absolute proof of intelligent being visiting Earth.
10 Objects That Might Be of Extraterrestrial Origin!
10 Objects That Might Be of Extraterrestrial Origin!
Might. Remember the word “MIGHT.” There are things we know definitely come from Earth, like blancmange, and things we know definitely come from space, like David Bowie, but what if there are things ON Earth, that were secretly FROM outer-space? What if Piers Morgan was from Mars, or gin was from Jupiter? There are some things that seems so odd, so peculiar, so out-of-place that we have to wonder- is there a chance they were, originally, not of Earth? THESE areobjects that might be of extra-terrestrial origin!
THE JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE JUST DETECTED ITS FIRST SIGNAL
THE JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE JUST DETECTED ITS FIRST SIGNAL
WE'RE WATCHING THE FUTURE UNFOLD IN REAL TIME.
NASA / FUTURISM
First Light
This week NASA released the thrilling news that as the James Webb Space Telescope begins its three-month alignment process, the Webb team saw the first photons of starlight that traveled through the entire telescope, detected by the Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam).
At first, the Webb’s photos will be unfocused, but scientists will fine tune the telescope over time. NASA says a team of engineers and scientists from Ball Aerospace, Space Telescope Science Institute, and NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center have been rehearsing the alignment and are ready to work.
“The images taken by Webb during this period will not be ‘pretty’ images like the new views of the universe Webb will unveil later this summer,” NASA’s release reports. “They strictly serve the purpose of preparing the telescope for science.”
With Time
The Webb’s journey to photographing unknown parts of the universe won’t be so different from that of its predecessor, the Hubble Space Telescope. According to NASA, the Hubble was conceived in the late 1960s and launched in April of 1990. By May we had our first image, shown below. Even though it was about 50 percent sharper than a ground telescope’s image of the same stars, it still wasn’t very good.
Over time the Hubble’s images got better, and in March of 1991 the first observations of Jupiter were published, including this true-color photo taken by its Wide Field/Planetary Camera.
By 1995 the Hubble had captured its now-iconic Eagle Nebula Gas Pillars, and the transition to beautiful deep space imagery was well under way. The images were sharper, arresting, and hauntingly beautiful.
Learning of the Webb’s first photon detection feels like 1990 all over again. Earth is about to embark on a new journey of discovery together, and we’ll all get to witness the Webb’s increasingly beautiful images over time. It’s pretty cool to think that a decade from now, we’ll be able to say we saw the initial, grainy images the Webb sent back as well as the amazing new features it’s sure to uncover.
Jack continues to convince his parents that unexplainable phenomena exists all around us with video evidence of shadow people, fairies and an ancient lake monster. Plus, he exposes a government secret — pyramid UFOs!
Levels of methane found in the atmosphere are 'growing dangerously fast', scientists have warned, and it could be global warming causing the rapid increase.
A report, published in Nature, was compiled by an international team that examines data gathered by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) throughout 2021.
Methane is a dangerous, powerful greenhouse gas, with sources ranging from natural wetlands, to human activity, including livestock farming.
In the new study, the team found that methane in the atmosphere had raced past 1,900 parts per billion, which is triple levels found before the industrial revolution.
This 'grim new milestone' could be linked to global warming causing a rise in wetland areas, which then produce higher levels of methane, the team said.
Methane growth started to slow down around 2000, but there was a 'mysterious uptick' around 2007, which caused researchers at the time to worry global warming was creating a 'feedback mechanism'.
Levels of methane found in the atmosphere are 'growing dangerously fast', scientists have warned, and it could be global warming causing the rapid increase through more productive tropical wetlands.
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In the new study, the team found that methane in the atmosphere had raced past 1,900 parts per billion, which is triple levels found before the industrial revolution
As a greenhouse gas, methane is 28 times as potent as CO2, according to scientists, who said that if rising temperatures are causing more methane emissions, this will lead to ever greater, and faster, increases in global average temperatures.
'Methane levels are growing dangerously fast,' Euan Nisbet, an Earth scientist at Royal Holloway, University of London, in Egham, UK told Nature.
He said the emissions, which have been accelerating, are now a major threat the global efforts to limit global warming to 3.6F above pre-industrial levels.
Because of its potency, researchers have used aircraft and satellites to track levels of methane in the atmosphere, and built computer models to understand what is driving the increase.
One explanation was direct human activities, including the expanding use of oil and gas, emissions from landfill, larger livestock herds, and wetlands.
Trends have proved to be 'enigmatic', said atmospheric chemist, Alex Turner, from the University of Washington, adding that there are no conclusive answers.
This 'grim new milestone' could be linked to global warming causing a rise in wetland areas, which then produce higher levels of methane, the team said.
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METHANE: A POTENT GREENHOUSE GAS
In 2019, methane (CH4) accounted for about 10 per cent of all US greenhouse gas emissions from human activities.
Methane trapped in ice bubbles
Human activities emitting methane include leaks from natural gas systems and the raising of livestock.
Methane is also emitted by natural sources such as natural wetlands.
In addition, natural processes in soil and chemical reactions in the atmosphere help remove methane (CH4) from the atmosphere.
Methane's lifetime in the atmosphere is much shorter than carbon dioxide (CO2), but CH4 is more efficient at trapping radiation than CO2.
Pound for pound, the comparative impact of CH4 is 25 times greater than CO2 over a 100-year period.
Globally, 50-65 per cent of total CH4 emissions come from human activities.
Methane is emitted from energy, industry, agriculture, land use, and waste management activities, described below.
SOURCE: EPA
There are some clues, including through the isotpic signature of methane molecules - which normally contain carbon-12, but some have the heavier carbon-13.
Scientists found that methane produced by microbes, that have consumed carbon in the mud of a wetland, or gut of a cow, have less carbon-13 than methane produced by heat and pressure inside the planet - from fossil fuel extraction.
They compared this to the methane seen in the atmosphere, as well as methane trapped centuries ago in ice cores, or accumulated in snow.
For the two centuries after the start of the Industrial Revolution, the amount of methane containing carbon-13 has been increasing, but that reversed in 2007.
This was the year methane levels began to rise rapidly again, and scientists discovered the proportion of carbon-13 started to fall.
Researchers have put this down to an increase in microbial sources of methane over the past 15 years - which could be from livestock or more productive wetlands.
Xin Lan, from the NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory in Colorado, told Nature that this was a 'powerful signature' suggesting human activities alone aren't to blame.
They used the carbon-13 in the atmospheric methane to estimate that microbes are responsible for 85 per cent of methane emission growth over the past 15 years.
The rest is down to fossil fuel extraction, through natural gas and oil recovery.
After comparing the types of methane, they then had to discover which environmental system the microbes came from - wetlands, livestock or landfill.
This is still an unanswered question, according to the Nature report, but if it is coming from tropical wetlands, which have become more productive due to increasing global temperatures, then we could be in a feedback mechanism.
The warmer it gets, the more productive the wetlands get, the more methane they produce, which leads to more warmer, more productive wetlands and more methane.
However, uncovering the source is a 'challenging problem', according to Lan, whose team are running new atmospheric models to try to trace the methane to its source.
'Is warming feeding the warming? It's an incredibly important question,' Nisbet told Nature, adding that 'as yet, no answer, but it very much looks that way.'
Even if a feedback mechanism is at play in increasing methane levels, humans aren't completely free of blame, said Lan, who estimates that human sources such as livestock, agricultural waste, landfill and fossil fuels account for 62 per cent of all methane emissions from 2007 to 2016.
Human activities emitting methane include leaks from natural gas systems and the raising of livestock. Methane is also emitted by natural sources such as natural wetlands.
Stock image
The upward trend in methane emissions continued in the past four years, which researchers put down to microbes, rather than fossil fuels. Found in livestock, wetlands and landfill
To limit the impact of any feedback mechanism, scientists say more needs to be done to reduce overall methane emission levels.
This could be done through reductions in livestock activities, fewer fossil fuel extractions and finding alternative uses for agricultural waste.
More than 100 countries signed the Global Methane Pledge at COP26 in Glasgow, with the target of cutting emissions by 30 per cent from 2020 levels by 2040.
Riley Duren, leader of the non-profit Carbon Mapper, which tracks sources of methane, said the focus should be on cutting emissions in the global south, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FARMING COWS
The livestock animals are notorious for creating large amounts of methane, which is a major contributor to global warming.
Each of the farm animals produces the equivalent of three tonnes of carbon dioxide per year and the amount of the animals is increasing with the growing need to feed a booming population.
Methane is one of the most potent greenhouse gases, trapping 30 times more heat than the same amount of carbon dioxide.
Scientists are investigating how feeding them various diets can make cattle more climate-friendly.
They believe feeding seaweed to dairy cows may help and are also using a herb-rich foodstuff called the Lindhof sample.
Researchers found a cow's methane emissions were reduced by more than 30 per cent when they ate ocean algae.
In research conducted by the University of California, in August, small amounts of it were mixed into the animals' feed and sweetened with molasses to disguise the salty taste.
As a result, methane emissions dropped by almost a third.
'I was extremely surprised when I saw the results,' said Professor Ermias Kebreab, the animal scientist who led the study.
'I wasn't expecting it to be that dramatic with a small amount of seaweed.'
The team now plans to conduct a further six-month study of a seaweed-infused diet in beef cattle, starting this month.
Tropical wetlands, such as the Pantanal in Brazil, are a major source of methane emissions.
Credit: Carl De Souza/AFP via Getty
Methane concentrations in the atmosphere raced past 1,900 parts per billion last year, nearly triple preindustrial levels, according to data released in January by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Scientists says the grim milestone underscores the importance of a pledge made at last year’s COP26 climate summit to curb emissions of methane, a greenhouse gas at least 28 times as potent as CO2.
The growth of methane emissions slowed around the turn of the millennium, but began a rapid and mysterious uptick around 2007. The spike has caused many researchers to worry that global warming is creating a feedback mechanism that will cause ever more methane to be released, making it even harder to rein in rising temperatures.
“Methane levels are growing dangerously fast,” says Euan Nisbet, an Earth scientist at Royal Holloway, University of London, in Egham, UK. The emissions, which seem to have accelerated in the past few years, are a major threat to the world’s goal of limiting global warming to 1.5–2 °C over pre-industrial temperatures, he says.
Source: NOAA
Enigmatic patterns
For more than a decade, researchers have deployed aircraft, taken satellite measurements and run models in an effort to understand the drivers of the increase (see ‘A worrying trend’)1,2. Potential explanations range from the expanding exploitation of oil and natural gas and rising emissions from landfill to growing livestock herds and increasing activity by microbes in wetlands3.
“The causes of the methane trends have indeed proved rather enigmatic,” says Alex Turner, an atmospheric chemist at the University of Washington in Seattle. And despite a flurry of research, Turner says he is yet to see any conclusive answers emerge.
One clue is in the isotopic signature of methane molecules. The majority of carbon is carbon-12, but methane molecules sometimes also contain the heavier isotope carbon-13. Methane generated by microbes — after they consume carbon in the mud of a wetland or in the gut of a cow, for instance — contains less 13C than does methane generated by heat and pressure inside Earth, which is released during fossil-fuel extraction.
Scientists have sought to understand the source of the mystery methane by comparing this knowledge about the production of the gas with what is observed in the atmosphere.
By studying methane trapped decades or centuries ago in ice cores and accumulated snow, as well as gas in the atmosphere, they have been able to show that for two centuries after the start of the Industrial Revolution the proportion of methane containing 13C increased4. But since 2007, when methane levels began to rise more rapidly again, the proportion of methane containing 13C began to fall (see ‘The rise and fall of methane’). Some researchers believe that this suggests that much of the increase in the past 15 years might be due to microbial sources, rather than the extraction of fossil fuels.
Source: Sylvia Michel, University of Colorado Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research
Back to the source
“It’s a powerful signal,” says Xin Lan, an atmospheric scientist at NOAA’s Global Monitoring Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado, and it suggests that human activities alone are not responsible for the increase. Lan’s team has used the atmospheric 13C data to estimate that microbes are responsible for around 85% of the growth in emissions since 2007, with fossil-fuel extraction accounting for the remainder5.
The next — and most challenging — step is to try to pin down the relative contributions of microbes from various systems, such as natural wetlands or human-raised livestock and landfills. This may help determine whether warming itself is contributing to the increase, potentially via mechanisms such as increasing the productivity of tropical wetlands. To provide answers, Lan and her team are running atmospheric models to trace methane back to its source.
“Is warming feeding the warming? It’s an incredibly important question,” says Nisbet. “As yet, no answer, but it very much looks that way.”
Regardless of how this mystery plays out, humans are not off the hook. Based on their latest analysis of the isotopic trends, Lan’s team estimates that anthropogenic sources such as livestock, agricultural waste, landfill and fossil-fuel extraction accounted for about 62% of total methane emissions since from 2007 to 2016 (see ‘Where is methane coming from?’).
SOURCE: Ref. 5.
Global Methane Pledge
This means there is plenty that can be done to reduce emissions. Despite NOAA’s worrying numbers for 2021, scientists already have the knowledge to help governments take action, says Riley Duren, who leads Carbon Mapper, a non-profit consortium in Pasadena, California, that uses satellites to pinpoint the source of methane emissions.
Last month, for instance, Carbon Mapper and the Environmental Defense Fund, an advocacy group in New York City, released data revealing that 30 oil and gas facilities in the southwestern United States have collectively emitted about 100,000 tonnes of methane for at least the past three years, equivalent to the annual warming impact of half a million cars. These facilities could easily halt those emissions by preventing methane from leaking out, the groups argue.
At COP26 in Glasgow, UK, more than 100 countries signed the Global Methane Pledge to cut emissions by 30% from 2020 levels by 2030, and Duren says the emphasis must now be on action, including in low- and middle-income countries across the global south. “Tackling methane is probably the best opportunity we have to buy some time”, he says, to solve the much bigger challenge of reducing the world’s CO2 emissions.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00312-2
UPDATES & CORRECTIONS
Correction 08 February 2022: An earlier version of this story said that bacteria generate methane in wetlands and the guts of cows. Methane is emitted by microbes in these places.
References
Nisbet, E. et al.Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2021.0112 (2021).
Our Solar system was created approximately 4.8 billion years ago. A part of the scientific community believes that an extraterrestrial civilization is responsible for bringing life on Earth 3.8 billion years ago. For example, Francis Crick, a co-discoverer of the structure of DNA and 1962 Nobel Prize winner seemingly believed in the “directed panspermia,” a hypothesis that life on Earth is the product of the designs of an advanced alien civilization.
After the various UFO/UAPs declassifications, mainstream experts turned the topic into a serious discussion. Harvard Professor Avi Loeb urges the scientific community to take UFO research seriously. Dr. Loeb is one of the few insiders who uplifted the study of modern phenomena.
In 2017, Dr. Avi Loebshockedthe scientific community by announcing that the asteroid Oumuamua is of an interstellar origin and probably an alien spaceship. In his book,l “Extraterrestrial: The First Sign of Intelligent Life Beyond Earth,” Dr. Loeb explains why he believes the object from 2017 was an intergalactic attempt to contact Earth.
Professor Avi Loeb. Image via Public Domain
He said that it may have even been a fully functional probe that was sent towards Earth by an alien civilization: “You need to be open-minded in order to find wonderful things.” He is known for his daring hypotheses. In 2018, he also said that we are definitely not alone in the universe.
In his January 2021 interview, Dr. Loeb claimed that there is a possibility of the existence of quadrillion alien spacecraft alone in our solar system. “There should be one in every volume roughly the size of the orbit of the Earth around the sun. This is a vast area in human terms, but in the immensity of space, it’s pretty small. So it means that there are plenty of them, a quadrillion of them, inside the Oort cloud. Inside the solar system. There are lots of them,” he added.
Last year, Dr. Loeb founded the Galileo Project, which aims to provide evidence for alien technology by building a global network of telescopes, cameras, and computers to allow it to investigate UFOs. In his new interview, Dr.Loeb said “we may be mere months away from seeing the first image detailed enough to provide incontrovertible evidence that UFOs are alien spacecraft.”
The announcement of the Galileo Project came shortly after the Pentagon public its UFO footages in 2021. At the time, Dr. Loeb said: “what we see in our sky is not something that politicians or military personnel should interpret, because they were not trained as scientists, it’s for the science community to figure out.”
Dr. Loeb believed that the discovery of equipment from extraterrestrial civilizations will have a profound impact on humanity. His Galileo Project will search for such relics near Earth. He raised a few concerns in his blog which might be a big conflict if it turns out that we are not the smartest species out there.
He writes:
“Does God exist? If we mean by that: ‘someone that can create life or new universes,’ and if their scientific understanding of biology and quantum-gravity is well ahead of ours, then they might possess the abilities that our religious texts assigned to a divine power. In fact, we are close to creating synthetic life in our laboratories only a century into our recent scientific development.
What happens after death? The extraterrestrials might teach us how to extend our life expectancy by orders of magnitude with advanced technologies. If death can be postponed enough, then this question loses its urgency.
How should humans treat each other? The realization that there is a far more advanced species out there, will make our genetic variations less significant and convince us to treat each other as equal members of the human species.
What should be our long-term goals? A broader perspective of the realities far from Earth will reshape our goals in maintaining longevity by venturing into space. Our eggs should not be in only one basket.
What happened before the Big Bang? What is Dark Matter and Dark Energy? What happens inside a black hole? and other scientific puzzles. If extraterrestrial science is far more advanced than ours, we might find answers to our unsolved questions. Just as opening a random page in a recipe book does not land on the best cake possible, humans may not be the smartest beings since the Big Bang.”
Dr. Loeb’s Galileo Project is comprised of a team of over 100 scientists. According to the Harvard professor, the project’s first telescope will start operating from the roof of the Harvard college observatory in summer 2022. It will keep infrared cameras, a radio sensor, an audio sensor, and a magnetometer rolling 24/7.
Dr. Loeb has grounded hopes in finding an extraterrestrial relic/equipment through his Galileo Project. He has advised the scientific community to find a way in order to decipher the intent of an intelligent extraterrestrial equipment. He suggested that we might need to rely on our AI systems in figuring out the intent of extraterrestrial AI systems.
A pair of rocks orbiting the sun are the solar system's youngest asteroids, according to astronomers, who say they broke off from their parent body just 300 years ago.
In cosmic terms, that is very recent, a team from the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona explained, with most rocks dating back to the dawn of the solar system.
The asteroid pair, known as 2019 PR2 and 2019 QR6, were detected using the Pan-STARRS1 survey telescope in Hawaii, with confirmation by the Lowell Observatory.
The two likely broke off from the same, much larger object about 300 years ago, making them the youngest known 'asteroid pair' by a factor of ten, the team said.
The largest of the pair, PR2, is just over half a mile wide, and the smallest about half that size, sitting between Mars and Jupiter in the Main Asteroid Belt.
Astronomers behind the discovery said it is most likely that the two objects, which are currently about half a million miles apart, were spun off by a large comet, and have been gradually drifting further from each other ever since.
Artist impression of the asteroid pair shortly after they split from the parent object. They will gradually become further and further separated over thousands of years
What makes them unusual is that so far no observations have revealed any evidence of comet-like behaviour, but models all point to them coming from a comet.
Most asteroids are thought to have formed during the tremulous early years of the system, when planets were forming, breaking up, and colliding with one another.
The majority reside in the area between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter known as the main asteroid belt, but these two were found a little closer to home.
They are known as Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs) as their orbits bring them close to the Earth, even if they don't reside there the whole time.
These two pass by the Earth, but also go out beyond Jupiter, the team explained, adding that they pose no threat to our planet.
In 2019, scientists using the Pan-STARRS1 survey telescope in Hawaii and the Catalina Sky Survey in Arizona each discovered a new NEA.
They were identified as 2019 PR2 and 2019 QR6. The largest of the two measures about half a mile in diameter and the other half that size.
Astronomers discovered they had very similar orbits around the sun, and further study confirmed that they were both linked - an asteroid pair.
The largest of the pair, PR2, is just over half a mile wide, and the smallest about half that size, sitting between Mars and Jupiter in the Main Asteroid Belt
Petr Fatka of the Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, confirmed they were two asteroids that separated from a single parent within the past several million years.
While they have the same parent, and were discovered in a similar region of the sky as viewed from Earth, they are currently separated by half a million miles of space.
KEY FINDINGS: ASTEROID PAIR SPUN OFF FROM A COMET 300 YEARS AGO
They are D-type asteroids, which have a lower albedo than other types of space rock.
Some astronomers suggest these class of asteroid contain organic-rich silicates, carbon and anhydrous silicates, possibly with water ice in their interiors.
They appear to be something between asteroids in the main belt, and those forming in the Kuiper Belt.
If the parent body of PR2 and QR6 originated in one of these outer Solar System reservoirs, then this pair provides insight on the color affects of increased heating and irradiation experienced in an NEO orbit, the team speculated.
It is thought that the larger, PR2, is about half a mile in diameter and has a rotation of about 9.9 hours.
The smaller, QR6, is a quarter of a mile in diameter and rotates every 4.1 hours, although the rotation figures are not confirmed.
Despite speculation the parent body was a comet, they show no evidence of cometary activity.
Models suggest they split from a larger object around 300 years ago.
Their orbits have been changed and varied by the gravity of Jupiter since they first split from the unknown parent comet.
Several telescopes were used for the follow-up observations, including the 4.3-meter Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT) in northern Arizona.
These observations revealed very similar surface properties of both asteroids, further supporting the theory that they came from the same object.
'Thanks to the measurements performed with the LDT, it is clear that 2019 PR2 and 2019 QR6 come from the same parent object and their high orbital similarity is not coincidental,' explained Fatka.
Most asteroid pairs of this time form from a process known as rotational fission, which is where a spinning asteroid reaches a critical speed.
These rocks are effectively just piles of rubble held together by gravity, and so as they spin faster the debris flies off and forms one or more new asteroids.
When they spin off they maintain a very similar orbit to the parent body, which is how the team determined these two objects had a shared heritage.
Based on multiple modeling techniques and additional observations, which included previously unnoticed detections by the Catalina Sky Survey, they found that the pair only separated within the past 300 years.
'It's very exciting to find such a young asteroid pair that was formed only about 300 years ago, which was like this morning—not even yesterday—in astronomical timescales.' The previous record holders were at least ten times older,' said Fatka.
However, finding they only split 300 years ago from a larger parent, left the astronomers with a problem. It wasn't possible for standard models of rotational fission to explain the properties found on these rocks.
'Something else had to be going on to explain their current separation,' they wrote.
The team then developed new models that assume the original body was a comet, whose jets of gas could push their orbits into the configuration seen today. This provided a viable origin story for these objects.
Nicholas Moskovitz of Lowell Observatory said this then raised further problems, as the bodies don't display any signs of cometary activity.
'So it remains a mystery how these objects could have gone from a single parent body, to individually active objects, to the inactive pair we see today in just 300 years,' he added.
Petr Fatka of the Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, confirmed they were two asteroids that separated from a single parent within the past several million years
It isn't currently possible to explain this problem with current data, the team explained, saying that more observations will be needed.
This will have to wait more than a decade though, as they are currently out of reach of available telescopes.
'To have a better idea about what process caused the disruption of the parent body, we have to wait until 2033 when both objects will be within the reach of our telescopes again,' said Fatka.
The team wrote in the paper: 'Targeted observations in 2033, for example with the James Webb Space Telescope, during the next perigee passage of these objects could directly probe for differences in thermal inertia.
'Indirect tests may come from NASAs upcoming DART and JANUS missions, both of which will be visiting binary asteroids.
'These missions may constrain any grain size differences between the primaries and satellites, which will provide important clues into the detailed physics of binary and asteroid pair formation and evolution.'
While most scientists are looking for asteroids and meteorites billions of year old to help unlock clues to the birth of the universe, the solar system and Earth, a few are searching instead for an asteroid nursery filled with baby rocks. That side got a big boost this week with the record-setting discovery of two so young, they may need to be burped.
“It’s very exciting to find such a young asteroid pair that was formed only about 300 years ago, which was like this morning—not even yesterday—in astronomical timescales.”
In a Lowell Observatory press release announcing the discovery of the near-Earth asteroid pair 2019 PR2 and 2019 QR6, Petr Fatka of the Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences explains how they were discovered and why – besides their young age – these two baby space rocks are so unusual. Using the Pan-STARRS1 survey telescope in Hawaii and the Catalina Sky Survey in Arizona, the near earth objects (NEA) were discovered separately at about the same time in 2019 – with 2019 PR2 measuring about one-half mile in diameter and 2019 QR6 one-quarter mile wide. Found in the Main Asteroid Best between Jupiter and Mars, they are about one million km (620,000 miles) apart – almost Siamese twins in astronomy terms. In fact, backwards analysis of the pair show they indeed broke off of the same parent comet a mere instant ago.
Asteroid Belt
“Based on multiple modeling techniques and additional observations—including recovery of previously unnoticed detections made with the Catalina Sky Survey 14 years before the discovery—the team determined that the pair separated only 300 years ago, making it the youngest known pair of asteroid pairs.”
Youngest by at least a factor of ten, according to the study published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Their surface composition confirms they broke off of the same parent in a process called rotational fission – spinning comets lose pieces that can no longer be held together by gravity. The parent comet pushes the pieces away with its jets, which explains how the two babies traveled so far in just 300 years. That can be confirmed the next time the two young rocks are in the range of the James Webb Space Telescope in 2033. The next view will hopefully explain another mystery of 2019 PR2 and 2019 QR6.
Are you our Mama?
“In the present day, the bodies don’t display any signs of cometary activity. So it remains a mystery how these objects could have gone from a single parent body, to individually active objects, to the inactive pair we see today in just 300 years.”
While their parent is a comet, 2019 PR2 and 2019 QR6 are a pair of inactive asteroid children. Does this mean they’re actually asteroid teenagers? Or did they come from a donor parent?
There is one thing UFO believers and UFO skeptics have in common – besides a love for one of the two stars of “The X-Files” – and that is a mutual dislike/disgust/frustration/hatred of blurry photos. While this trait is shared with Bigfoot and other cryptid fans, it’s most pronounced amongst those hoping for confirmed visible evidence and identification of strange aerial phenomena. Well, folks … your prayers, burnt offerings, magic lamp wishes and animal sacrifices have been answered. Everyone’s favorite Harvard genius astrophysicist who believes in UFOs – Abraham ‘Avi’ Loeb’ – has made a personal commitment to provide clear UFO photos and videos very soon … possibly as early as this summer.
I thought YOU had the cellphone.
“I really want the next generation to be free to discuss it, and for it to become part of the mainstream. My hope is that by getting a high resolution image of something unusual, or finding evidence for it, which is quite possible in the coming year or two, we will change it.”
In an interview with The Guardian, Loeb compares himself to a fisherman on the beach who can’t see any fish because he’s not casting a net. Loeb has two UFO nets to cast – the first is data collected by the mini-satellite network of Planet Labs which will take photos from space of the entire surface of the Earth once per day. On the ground, Loeb and his Galileo Project are setting up a worldwide network of telescopes controlled by artificial intelligence to search the skies for UFOs – learning as they go along to eliminate birds, planes, bugs, clouds and other explainable anomalies.
Between the photos from above and below, Loeb thinks a clear picture of one or many UFOs will be taken. And that’s a good thing for both sides of the discussion.
“I really want the next generation to be free to discuss it, and for it to become part of the mainstream. My hope is that by getting a high resolution image of something unusual, or finding evidence for it, which is quite possible in the coming year or two, we will change it.”
Loeb and his combined Planet Labs/Galileo Project search is not without competition. Last week, Hakan Kayal, a Professor for Space Technology at Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU) in Germany, revealed he has already set up a dual AI-controlled SkyCAM-5 camera system on a university building that has been watching for UFOs since December 2021. While Kayal may e ahead of Loeb on from-the-ground scans, he’s not incorporating satellite images. Perhaps they should join forces – it would provide a good example for the next generation and move the search for extraterrestrial intelligence even closer to the mainstream.
We needs some photos like this … only real.
Avi Loeb has always been open about his expansive beliefs in UFOs and extraterrestrials – he led the team who believed the ‘Oumuamua interstellar comet could be an ET spacecraft exploring our solar system. You can’t have big discoveries without some big ideas … even if some end up to be big mistakes.
Let’s hope Avi Loeb finds and photographs the UFOs … before someone (or something) shuts him down.
ALL RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
Glowing Blue Orbs Over Volcano In March 2021, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Glowing Blue Orbs Over Volcano In March 2021, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: March 2021 Location of sighting: Fagradalsfjall volcano, Iceland
Here is an interesting piece of evidence by the History Channel on Youtube. They show eyewitness video of a blue orb near the mouth of a volcano in Iceland. This UFO seems to have just come out of the volcano. This confirms my earlier theory that many alien bases were created 5-6km below the surface of volcanos worldwide. This way they could avoid human interaction as much as possible. The only way to avoid it more would be to create an alien base below the ocean floor itself. This is 100% real evidence that aliens are using volcanos to avoid human interaction.
Guys, this is not just a piece of alien tech discarded on Mars. This is alien tech that the Mars rover drove next to and turned the rover around...as you can see from the trademarks near the tech. This is not just a piece of garbage discarded by aliens. This is high technology that could be thousands or even millions of years advanced to our own. This could be a handheld teleportation device that could teleport a person anywhere within 20 light years, activated by merely thinking it (telepathic controls). This could be a energy amplifier that could increase any energy weapon output by 1,000X. Now do you see where I'm going with this? Its not just technology...it could change the direction of humanity forever! The country which gets hold of it, would be forever a world power. The implications of such tech getting into any governments hands would be catastrophic!
This is an interesting discovery. Youtuber "Quick Solutions-DATA" discovered a black square that covers part of Mars rover photo. Its a sloppy job on behalf of NASA for sure. To just cover up a life form passing by with a black square. NASA of course will claim its a glitch, but we have all seen pixelization and this is nothing like that. Its one thing to see a pixel size glitch, its another to see one cover a perfect square area of 30% of a photo. This is 100% proof that there is life on Mars and NASA is trying and failing...to hide it from the public.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
Unknown bright object falling apart in the sky over Mexico
Unknown bright object falling apart in the sky over Mexico
The sky over Mexico’s Cabo San Lucas was illuminated by a slow moving bright light, the nature of which is unclear.
Some are theorizing it was a meteorite or space debris, but that could actually be a UFO too that broke up upon entry into Earths atmosphere. It’s just as plausible as any other explanation at this stage.
SCIENTISTS FAIL TO SPOT ALIENS AFTER SCANNING SKIES FOR SEVEN WHOLE HOURS
SCIENTISTS FAIL TO SPOT ALIENS AFTER SCANNING SKIES FOR SEVEN WHOLE HOURS
DON'T GIVE UP THAT EASILY!
GETTY IMAGES
Scanning… Scanning…
A team of astronomers have used the Murchison Widefield Array, a massive network of over 4,000 antennas spread out over the Western Australian desert, to look for aliens.
They collected seven agonizing hours worth of data — and to their dismay, they found nothing.
As detailed in their new paper, accepted for publication in the journal Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, the team used the array to collect data while peering into the Galactic Center, centered on Sagittarius A*, the suspected supermassive black hole at the core of the Milky Way.
They looked for technosignatures of extraterrestrials at a frequency of 155 megahertz, the first search of its kind. Usually, according to CNET, astronomers have focused on lower frequencies.
“This is our largest population of known exoplanets within our four surveys with the MWA,” lead author Chenoa Tremblay, and researcher at the SETI Institute, told the site.
Fear of an Exoplanet
Exoplanets are a particularly interesting place to look for signs of alien life. A previous search back in 2013 of the same corner of the galaxy contained only 38 known exoplanets. The new search upped the total to 144.
We’re only beginning to understand what is going on at the center of our galaxy, so there could be many more planets hiding in there — we don’t even know how many stars are lurking there since there’s a lot of cosmic dust obscuring our view.
With a bit of math, the astronomers’ latest survey could theoretically have covered a vast number of star systems. Their research is based on a previous survey that classified 3.3 million stars in the vicinity — but that only accounts for an area that is less than one percent of that covered by the MWA survey.
“If we extrapolate this, we are covering billions of stellar systems out to the center of our Galaxy,” Tremblay told CNET.
Of course, just because they didn’t find aliens in this one region of the sky who happened to be communicating on a specific frequency during a particular seven-hour stretch doesn’t mean much. So we hope they keep looking.
Meet the filthy rich NASA space cadets: Axiom Space reveals its team of four VERY lucky amateur astronauts who have each paid $55m to spend eight days on the International Space Station
Meet the filthy rich NASA space cadets: Axiom Space reveals its team of four VERY lucky amateur astronauts who have each paid $55m to spend eight days on the International Space Station
Ryan Morrison For Dailymail.Com
Axiom Space AX-1 crew will travel to the ISS in a SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule
They will launch from a 'flight-tested' SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on March 30
When on the station they will spend eight days carrying out experiments
Each of the four men spent $55 million for a seat on the flight and time on station
This is the first time an all civilian crew has visited the ISS at the same time
They have been put through extensive training by NASA, SpaceX and ESA
NASAhas confirmed the details of the four civilian astronauts that will spend a week living and carrying out experiments on the International Space Station in Apri
Axiom Space, the private space company developing its own module for the ISS, will operate the trip, sending the four to the station on a SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule.
NASA astronaut and Axiom Space VP Michael López-Alegría will act as mission commander, alongside Larry Connor as pilot, with Mark Pathy, and Eytan Stibbe working as mission specialists during the day-long trip to the station.
Once onboard the crew, who each spent $55 million for the trip, will spend eight days carrying out a range of experiments, commercial activities and running educational sessions for children on the Earth below.
It is an international crew, with López-Alegría born in Spain but raised in California, Connor from the US, Pathy from Canada and Stibbe born in Israel.
They will launch on Wednesday, March 30, from Launch Complex 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, on a flight-proven SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket.
The mission has been named AX-1, and the crew have been training at the NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, and other NASA facilities, since August 2021.
This training has allowed them to become familiar with the ISS systems, scientific facilities on board and emergency procedures.
NASA started working with the Axiom mission operations team on simulations in December, to get a feel for how the first all civilian crew on the ISS would operate.
This work allowed ground control for NASA and Axiom to familiarize themselves 'with the dynamic phases of the private astronauts' flight to and from the space station.'
The U.S. space agency confirmed that they'd continue these joint simulations through the next few months, in preparation for launch on March 30.
'This represents another significant milestone in our efforts to create a low-Earth orbit economy,' said Phil McAlister, director of commercial spaceflight at NASA.
'I wish these Axiom crew members safe travels, and I hope they find their time in space productive and enjoyable.'
Once onboard the crew, who each spent $55 million for the trip, will spend eight days carrying out a range of experiments, commercial activities and running educational sessions for children on the Earth below. They will travel to the ISS in a SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule
Larry Connor, Ax-1 mission pilot, entrepreneur, and non-profit activist investor, has a number of projects in collaboration with the Mayo Clinic.
Connor’s experiments on behalf of Mayo Clinic would provide data on space travel’s impact on senescent cells and heart health.
Connor is expected to be in charge of maintaining senescent cells – cells that have stopped dividing – at the ISS.
These cells are linked to multiple age-related diseases, and understanding them can help protect astronauts on long-haul trips to Mars.
Mark Pathy, Ax-1 mission specialist, is working on behalf of The Montreal Children’s Hospital, Canadian Research Universities and The Royal Canadian Geographical Society.
He is working with six Canadian universities, as well as two startups on 'proof of concept' ideas.
This includes the world’s first in-space demonstration of two-way holoportation – a mixed reality app for special lenses that receives two-way 3D projections as a hologram to communicate between users remotely.
In addition to human research, Pathy plans to lead Earth observation activities which will contribute to further analysis of the impact of climate change, urbanization, and other factors on the ecology and human habitation of North America.
Eytan Stibbe, Ax-1 mission specialist, social impact investor, and Israeli philanthropist, is working on behalf of the Ramon Foundation.
His mission is named "Rakia," after the dome (atmosphere) created by God on the second day after the firmament, which protects life on Earth.
During his mission, he will facilitate scientific experiments and will conduct educational and artistic activities to connect the younger generation in Israel and around the globe on the values of peace, innovation, and social responsibility.
For the first time, an astronaut will represent Israelis on the International Space Station in Hebrew.
Video: NASA brings new space telescope into focus (Reuters)
It isn't clear exactly what the objectives of the four AX-1 crew will be, as the final proposals won't be approved until closer to flight, NASA confirmed.
Axiom previously revealed a microgravity research portfolio the Ax-1 crew intends to undertake in orbit, in partnership with a variety of organizations on Earth.
'The goal for the Ax-1 crew is to set a standard for all future private astronaut missions in terms of our preparation and professionalism,' López-Alegría said.
'As the commander, I am proud of the work these crew members have put in to be ready to conduct meaningful work on the International Space Station and glad to see them meet the standards required of all astronauts flying to station since Expedition 1.
'Ax-1 is focused on a huge amount of science and outreach activities, and we look forward now to finalizing that flight program.'
Expedition 1 was the first launch of astronauts, from Russia and the US to the space station on November 2, 2000. The ISS has been continuously occupied since then.
That first crew, of three included NASA commander William Shepherd, alongside cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei K. Krikalev.
Axiom has also revealed that the astronauts will be taking technology built by Israeli company, Aleph Farms, to the station.
This technology involves turning cells taken from a cow into raw meat by growing the cells and turning them into muscle, fat and other components.
'Aleph's general goal is to be able to provide nutritious, tasty, sustainable food anywhere, anytime,' said Zvika Tamari, the head of space research, adding that ' stretching that to its limit is the ability to also provide nutrition in space.'
In terms of outreach, an ancient coin minted by Jewish rebels revolting against the Romans 1,900 years ago will accompany former Israeli pilot Etan Stibbe to the ISS.
Stibbe, 63, is one of three men who paid $55 million each to launch aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket for Axiom's first privately crewed mission.
The coin comes from the Bar Kokhba revolt, which took place from 132 to 136 AD and was the final of three Jewish-Roman wars that first began when Romans took control of Jerusalem in 63 AD.
It bears etchings of a palm tree on one side and a vine leaf with the inscription 'Year Two of the liberty of Israel' on the other.'
NASA recently announced the ISS had just nine years of operational life left, with plans to sink it in the South Pacific Ocean in January 2031.
Stibbe (left) will be joined by Larry Connor (right) and Mark Pathy (second right), and led by retired NASA astronaut Michael López-Alegría (second left), who has traveled to space four times and is now the vice president of Aximo Space
On the run up to that happening, the space agency plans to support commercial operators in launching privately funded and run space stations, starting with an Axiom Space module attached to the ISS.
This launch is a precursor to that module, which is expected to dock with the station by the middle of this decade, part of NASA's efforts to built a robust low-Earth orbit economy - driven by the private sector, rather than national players.
Axiom recently completed the preliminary design review of two modules that will be attached to the ISS this decade, then separate into its own free-flying station.
For more than 21 years, NASA has supported a continuous U.S. human presence in low-Earth orbit aboard the space station.
'The agency's goal is to enable a strong, commercial marketplace in low-Earth orbit with private industry where NASA is one of many customers,' a spokesperson said.
'This strategy will provide services the government needs at a lower cost, enabling the agency to focus on its Artemis missions to the Moon in preparation for Mars while continuing to use low-Earth orbit as a training and proving ground for those deep space missions.'
EXPLAINED: THE $100 BILLION INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION SITS 250 MILES ABOVE THE EARTH
The International Space Station (ISS) is a $100 billion (£80 billion) science and engineering laboratory that orbits 250 miles (400 km) above Earth.
It has been permanently staffed by rotating crews of astronauts and cosmonauts since November 2000.
Crews have come mainly from the US and Russia, but the Japanese space agency JAXA and European space agency ESA have also sent astronauts.
The International Space Station has been continuously occupied for more than 20 years and has been expended with multiple new modules added and upgrades to systems
Research conducted aboard the ISS often requires one or more of the unusual conditions present in low Earth orbit, such as low-gravity or oxygen.
ISS studies have investigated human research, space medicine, life sciences, physical sciences, astronomy and meteorology.
The US space agency, NASA, spends about $3 billion (£2.4 billion) a year on the space station program, with the remaining funding coming from international partners, including Europe, Russia and Japan.
So far 244 individuals from 19 countries have visited the station, and among them eight private citizens who spent up to $50 million for their visit.
There is an ongoing debate about the future of the station beyond 2025, when it is thought some of the original structure will reach 'end of life'.
Russia, a major partner in the station, plans to launch its own orbital platform around then, with Axiom Space, a private firm, planning to send its own modules for purely commercial use to the station at the same time.
NASA, ESA, JAXA and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) are working together to build a space station in orbit around the moon, and Russia and China are working on a similar project, that would also include a base on the surface.
NASA OFFICIALLY APPROVES FIRST SPACEX TOURISTS TO VISIT SPACE STATION
NASA OFFICIALLY APPROVES FIRST SPACEX TOURISTS TO VISIT SPACE STATION
IT'S HAPPENING!
AXIOM SPACE VIA NASA
First Class
NASA just approved a crew of four private astronauts to fly up to the International Space Station with Axiom Space and SpaceX, on the first American mission of its kind. Though the rest of the crew are apparent novices, Michael López-Alegría, the mission’s commander, was previously a NASA astronaut.
Along with the Spanish-American López-Alegría, the March 30 launch also includes another American, Larry Connor, who will serve as pilot, as well as Canadian Mark Pathy and Israeli Eytan Stibbe.
Old News
Though this mission is the first completely-private mission to the ISS that’ll be funded by private spaceflight companies, it’s far from the first time private astronauts have gone to the ISS, which has been going on nearly as long as the station’s been in orbit.
The American engineer Dennis Tito takes the distinction as the world’s first “space tourist,” and he was able to spend eight days on the then-young ISS when he hitched a ride with Russia’s Roscosmos in April 2001.
Much more recently, Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa, along with his assistant Yozo Hirano, became the latest private astronauts to board the ISS in December 2021 — and they, too, were flown up on a Russian Soyuz rocket.
NASA has been far more reticent than Roscosmos to allow private astronauts to board the ISS. The US space agency didn’t even lay the groundwork for private ISS missions until 2019, when it announced a sea change that should allow for more commercial endeavors in orbit.
Indeed, in its announcement about the Axiom mission, NASA plugged its desire to stimulate a “commercial economy in low-Earth orbit,” which signals that it’s joining the consumer space race in earnest.
Legendary Hopewell Culture Destroyed By Exploding Comet, Study Says
Legendary Hopewell Culture Destroyed By Exploding Comet, Study Says
After enjoying centuries of stability, the prosperous Native American Hopewell culture suddenly went into rapid and irreversible decline around the year 500 AD. The reasons why this happened have long been a topic for speculation, and a team of researchers from the Departments of Anthropology and Geology at the University of Cincinnati (Ohio) have now joined the debate to offer a brand-new theory.
Analyzing rock samples collected from 11 archaeological sites in the Ohio River Valley, these researchers have found physical evidence that suggests an exploding comet may have played a significant role in the Hopewell peoples’ demise. The samples included the stony remnants of this disintegrating space object, which was destroyed in an airburst that distributed its debris far and wide in all directions.
These stony remnants, which are known as micrometeorites, possessed qualities that revealed their true origin.
University of Cincinnati researchers take sediment samples at a Hopewell culture site at the confluence of the Ohio and Great Miami rivers.
“Cosmic events like asteroids and comet airbursts leave behind high quantities of a rare element known as platinum," explained anthropologist and lead study author Kenneth Tankersley in a University of Cincinnati press release . "The problem is platinum also occurs in volcanic eruptions. So, we also look for another rare element found in non-terrestrial events such as meteorite impact craters—iridium. And we found a spike in both, iridium and platinum."
Based on the results of radiocarbon and typological dating procedures, the researchers concluded that this catastrophic event would have occurred sometime between the years 252 and 383 AD.
“This time period coincides with historically documented near-Earth comets and occurs immediately prior to the cultural downturn of the Hopewell ,” the University of Cincinnati researchers wrote in an article discussing their findings in Scientific Reports . “The airburst event may have created mass confusion resulting in an upheaval of the social interaction sphere.”
A magnet holds tiny micrometeorites collected from sediment samples taken from an ancient Hopewell culture site. Researchers say this evidence points to a comet airburst that devastated parts of the Ohio River Valley more than 1,500 years ago.
University of Cincinnati anthropology professor Kenneth Tankersley uses a magnet to show how micrometeorites collected at 11 Hopewell sites contain metals such as iron. UC's analysis found they also contain high levels of platinum and iridium.
Photo/Michael Miller
Previous research has revealed that the area of what is now the eastern United States experienced an epidemic of massive and ravaging wildfires during this period, which incinerated more than 9,200 square miles of forest and agricultural land. The researchers found a layer of charcoal deposits at the Hopewell culture sites along with the micrometeorites, proving that these fires had occurred during the same time period as the comet’s near-Earth explosion.
If they crash into the earth, astronomical bodies like comets and meteors can do great damage to ecosystems within the zone of impact. But if they explode in the sky, the intense heat and wind generated by the blast, plus the raining down of heavy, rocky debris from the exploding object, can cause damage and destruction over a much broader geographical area.
This is what happened in the famous Tunguska event of 1908, when a comet or meteor passed through Earth’s atmosphere and exploded in the sky over Siberia. The explosion leveled more than 800 square miles of forest, leaving behind a scarred landscape that is still visibly damaged to this very day.
University of Cincinnati anthropology student Louis Herzner, bottom, and anthropology professor Kenneth Tankersley use a scanning electron microscope in UC’s Advanced Materials Characterization Center to study iron and silicon-rich microspherules collected at ancient Hopewell sites.
Photo/Larry Sandman
Much like the Siberians who lived near Tunguska, the Hopewell survivors of the third or fourth century blast would have been surrounded by scenes of unimaginable devastation. Survivors who resided near the epicenter of the explosion, which occurred over what is now the city of Milford in southwestern Ohio, would have been especially shocked and traumatized by what they experienced.
UC professor Kenneth Tankersley explains how researchers investigated the impact a comet had on ancient Hopewell in the Ohio River Valley. UC’s Advanced Materials Characterization Center conducted scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry on sediment samples. The University of Georgia provided mass spectrometry, while the U.S. Geological Survey provided stable carbon isotope analysis.
Photo/Michael Miller
"It looks like this event was very injurious to agriculture,” said biology professor and study co-author David Lentz, noting the impact of the explosion on the food chain. “People didn't have good ways to store corn for a long period of time. Losing a crop or two would have caused widespread suffering.”
“And if the airburst leveled forests like the one in Russia,” he continued, “native people would have lost nut trees such as walnut and hickory that provided a good winter source of food. When your corn crop fails, you can usually rely on a tree crop. But if they were all destroyed, it would have been incredibly disruptive.”
Hopewell culture mounds from the Mound City Group in Ohio.
The pre-Columbian Hopewell culture was comprised of disperse settlements of Native American peoples who occupied hundreds of villages alongside rivers in what is now the northeastern and midwestern sections of the United States.
The Hopewell culture was ethnically diverse, but united through extensive trade networks that developed over the course of several centuries. The Hopewell peoples reached the peak of their prosperity during a period that ranged from approximately 200 BC to 500 AD, after which their culture experienced a swift and sudden decline.
Although they essentially disappeared as a distinct people more than 1,500 years ago, the Hopewell did not vanish without a trace. They left behind many vast and impressive complexes of large earthwork mounds, which can be found in multiple states in the vast expanses of America’s Eastern Woodlands.
These ceremonial mounds were an expression of the Hopewell culture’s cosmological and spiritual belief systems , which is revealed by their shapes, content, and alignments.
The mounds sometimes featured animals that would have been sacred to the Hopewell, and sometimes were formed into geometric shapes that likely had ritual significance or deeper spiritual meanings. Just as significantly, the locations of the mounds were not chosen at random—Hopewell mounds were carefully aligned to coincide in various ways with lunar and solar cycles, or with the movement of stars across the night sky.
In addition to their mound-building proclivities, the Hopewell were also accomplished artists and craftspeople. Hopewell archaeological sites have yielded a remarkable bounty of expertly crafted items, including pottery, sculptures, carvings, jewelry, textiles, tools, and exotic ritual artifacts. Artisans worked with metal, bone, stone, and shells, producing a broad variety of practical and decorative items that were traded freely between villages and settlements.
Before the end came, the Hopewell culture seemed to be thriving. They had lived in harmony with nature, with their gods, and with each other for hundreds of years. It is clear that only a significantly disruptive and destructive event or series of events could have brought about their culture’s sudden downfall.
The Miami Native Americans tell of a horned serpent (pictured here) that flew across the sky and dropped rocks onto the land before plummeting into the river … the Shawnee refer to a 'sky panther' that had the power to tear down forests … the Ottawa talk of a day when the Sun fell from the sky.”
"What's fascinating is that many different tribes have similar stories of the event," Professor Tankersley, who is Native American himself, said:
"The Miami tell of a horned serpent that flew across the sky and dropped rocks onto the land before plummeting into the river … the Shawnee refer to a 'sky panther' that had the power to tear down forest … the Ottawa talk of a day when the sun fell from the sky.”
Tankersley also mentions legends passed down by the Wyandot, Algonquin, and Iroquois people that describe sky-born catastrophes of apocalyptic proportions.
And there is still more. Near the epicenter of the third- or fourth-century blast lies a set of Hopewell mounds known as the Milford Earthworks. Tellingly, one of these mounds is shaped exactly like a comet.
While the evidence proving the existence of the exploding comet is strong, there is still much to be learned about its impact on the Hopewell culture.
"It's hard to know exactly what happened. We only have a few points of light in the darkness," Professor Lentz said. "But we have this area of high heat that would have been catastrophic for people in that area and beyond."
"Science is just a progress report," commented geologist Steven Meyers, another study participant. "It's not the end. We're always somewhere in the middle. As time goes on, more things will be found."
Top image: Hopewell culture serpent effigy, Turner Group, Mound 4, Little Miami Valley, Ohio.
UC anthropology professor Kenneth Tankersley poses in front of a table of ancient stone tools in his office in UC's College of Arts and Sciences. Tankersley has studied ancient peoples across North America.
Watching a space rock sail by the planet without hitting it is usually cause for breathing a sigh of relief – but new research into the pre-Columbian Hopewell culture in what is now Ohio shows that a near-hit by a comet around 1500 years ago may have caused them to breath their last breaths as fiery debris and extreme heat rained down upon them. While their demise was not instantaneous, the comet tail tragedy may have been the inspiration for a comet-shaped mound in what is now called the Milford Earthworks.
“Between 1,800 and 1431 years ago (220 and 589 CE), Chinese astronomers documented 69 near-Earth comets, including Haley’s, which came within 0.09 au of earth in 374 CE. At this time, human communities and the resources they needed for survival were at a heightened risk of being destroyed by a comet airburst event.”
Is this what the Hopewells saw when they looked up?
In a new study published in the journal Scientific Reports, researchers from the University of Cincinnati used that data from Chinese astronomers and went looking for evidence of comet tail debris impacts in the U.S. The found it 11 Hopewell archaeological sites in three states stretching across the Ohio River Valley. The evidence included an unusually high concentration and diversity of meteorites containing iridium and platinum, and a charcoal layer suggesting an airburst caused fires across 9,200 square miles sometime between the years 252 CE and 383 CE. This coincides with the near-Earth comets documented by the Chinese astronomers, tales of fiery objects in the sky in many Native American oral histories, and the beginning of the mysterious disappearance of the Ohio Hopewells.
“The Miami tell of a horned serpent that flew across the sky and dropped rocks onto the land before plummeting into the river. When you see a comet going through the air, it would look like a large snake. The Shawnee refer to a ‘sky panther’ that had the power to tear down forests. The Ottawa talk of a day when the Sun fell from the sky. And when a comet hits the thermosphere, it would have exploded like a nuclear bomb. And the Wyandot recount a dark cloud that rolled across the sky and was destroyed by a fiery dart.”
Anthropologist and lead author Kenneth Tankersley reveals in a University of Cincinnati press release how other Native American cultures told the tale of these comets. These were the members of the Hopewell culture or tradition – a diverse and dispersed set of native populations connected by a common network of trade routes that once stretched from Lake Ontario to the Crystal River Indian Mounds in modern-day Florida. Part of that trade route passed through a New Jersey-sized area surrounding the confluence of the Ohio and Great Miami rivers where the bulk of the meteorites and fire damage was found.
“It looks like this event was very injurious to agriculture. People didn’t have good ways to store corn for a long period of time. Losing a crop or two would have caused widespread suffering. When your corn crop fails, you can usually rely on a tree crop. But if they’re all destroyed, it would have been incredibly disruptive.”
UC biology professor and study co-author David Lentz says the evidence shows a complete destruction of the corn crops the natives were growing and the nut trees they depended on in the forests. Lentz pictures the destruction of the trees being similar to the devastation seen in photos of the Tunguska event in Siberia in 1908.
A forest after the Tunguska event.
Archeologists believe the Hopewell tradition ended around 500 CE as evidenced by the end of mound building. Why it ended has been a mystery – there were signs of fortification indicating it could have been a war. This was also a time of climate change, which affected both hunting and agriculture and may have impacted trading. Now there’s the evidence of a near-hit comet spreading destruction across vast areas of the Hopewell exchange. Could that be the ultimate reason for its demise?
“It’s hard to know exactly what happened. We only have a few points of light in the darkness. But we have this area of high heat that would have been catastrophic for people in that area and beyond.”
The next step is to study the layers of soil in the area for pollen from that time period which could show how a fiery airburst altered the agricultural landscape and plant life.
The members of the Hopewell tradition who survived the blast of a comet’s tale managed to live for another 1000 years until they were hit by a burst even more deadly – Europeans.
WARP DRIVE SCIENTIST TOOK ALL HIS EQUIPMENT WITH HIM WHEN HE LEFT NASA
WARP DRIVE SCIENTIST TOOK ALL HIS EQUIPMENT WITH HIM WHEN HE LEFT NASA
"YEAH, I HAVE A LAB HERE FULL OF ALL MY GOODIES FROM NASA."
MARK RADEMAKER FOR LIMITLESS SPACE INSTITUTE
Warp Drive Inc
Traveling at faster than the speed of light has been the subject of countless works of science fiction. Most notably, the “warp drive” in “Star Trek” allowed cosmic travelers to break the lightspeed barrier to traverse vast galactic distances.
Take Harold “Sonny” White, a big name in warp drive research who left NASA in 2019 to work at a Houston-based nonprofit called the Limitless Space Institute — where, he says, he was allowed by NASA to continue his work and even take his lab equipment with him.
“Yeah, I have a lab here full of all my goodies from NASA,” White told The Debrief in a fascinating new interview. But the engineer didn’t burn any bridges in the process, adding that “we have a Space Act agreement with the agency.”
Leaving NASA
It sounds like NASA is pretty chill with White continuing his work elsewhere.
Sonny said that “when I was working in NASA, we really didn’t try to go through and patent anything.”
“Probably a little too early to try and really work towards patenting anything,” he told The Debrief. “I mean, there may be a time it’s right to do that, but there wasn’t at NASA.”
Where the transition leaves White’s progress on realizing a new form of propulsion that could allow humans to travel past the speed of light remains somewhat murky (although The Debrief says it’s going to publish two more installments of its interview with White, so stay tuned.)
We do know one thing for sure: for now, the concept remains very much theoretical — a fact of which White is well aware.
At the same time, though, he sounds psyched to continue his work at Limitless Space.
“It was the right next step,” he told The Debrief. “Everything felt right.”
Update:A previous version of this story misidentified the “Star Trek” franchise as containing the fictional “hyperdrive.” In reality, the hyperdrive is from the “Star Wars” franchise. It has been updated.
A sign for Little A'Le'Inn in Rachel, Nevada, near Area 51. ‘We’ve got to start thinking we’re not alone. It’s: how crowded is it up there?’Photograph: Karen Desjardin/Moment Editorial/Getty Images
UFO-watchers say 2022 could prove a bumper year, as clamor for details grows in the wake of a highly anticipated report
The report came after leaked military footage documented seemingly otherworldly happenings in the sky, and after testimony from navy pilots helped to somewhat destigmatize a subject that has long been defined by conspiracy theories and dubious sightings.
All in all, the newly sincere approach to UFOs has longtime sky-watchers excited.
Advertisem$“I’m confident that 2022 is going to be a seismic year for UFOs,” said Nick Pope, who spent the early 1990s investigating UFOs for the British ministry of defence.
In Congress, where a bipartisan group of senators has been pushing for years for the government to release more information on UFOs, and from the US defense department and intelligence community, Pope said he senses “a genuine desire to grip the issue”.
“I think we’ll see congressional hearings on UFOs,” Pope said. “I also think we’ll see the release of more US military photos and videos of UFOs, and associated documents. Some of this may come via whistleblowers, but much of it may be released by the government itself, either proactively, or in response to requests under the Freedom of Information Act.
“Finally, I think we’ll see more high-calibre witnesses coming forward, including commercial airline pilots, military aircrew, radar operators, and intelligence officers with direct knowledge of this subject.”
It was a group of pilots who brought the issue to the fore in 2021. In a breakthrough interview with 60 Minutes, members of the US Navy lined up to recall their experiences of encountering UFOs on America’s coasts. It happened so frequently that the encounters became commonplace, Ryan Graves, a retired navy pilot, told the CBS show.
“Every day,” Graves said. “Every day for at least a couple years.”
For years, pilots had refused to share tales of their UFO experiences, worried of being labeled kooks or being passed over for promotion. The account of the navy pilots was given credibility, however, by leaked military footage which showed an oval flying object near a US navy ship off San Diego, and separate videos which showed triangular-shaped objects buzzing around in the sky.
The US government’s UFO report, released in June 2021, fueled more interest. The Pentagon studied 144 incidents reported by military pilots between 2004 and 2021 in preparing the report. Officials were able to explain one of the incidents – it was a balloon – but the rest remain a mystery.
Since then the Pentagon, pushed by US senators Kirsten Gillibrand and Marco Rubio, has launched a new office for reporting and analyzing UFO reports, although some in the UFO community suspect the government to be less than forthcoming with its findings.
Still, as the clamor for information has grown, so has interest from the scientific community, and in 2022 a slew of new projects will launch, specifically aimed at detecting alien life.
Avi Loeb, the Frank B Baird Jr professor of science at Harvard University, is behind one of those. He is the head of the Galileo Project, which aims to establish a network of sophisticated telescopes which will scan the skies for extraterrestrial objects.
The privately funded project, which involves more than 100 scientists, is building its first telescope system on the roof of the Harvard college observatory, and it will begin operating this summer. Loeb plans to make the projects’ findings publicly available.
The telescope will use infra-red cameras to take 24/7 video of the sky, and is equipped with a radio sensor, an audio sensor and a magnetometer to detect non-visual objects. A computer will use artificial intelligence to analyze the data, ignoring objects like birds, drones, planes, and meteors, and paying extra attention to any objects “that are not human-made”, Loeb sai
“We’re taking a road not taken so there may be low hanging fruit, that nobody else picked because it was not taken,” Loeb said.
For all that UFO research may be becoming destigmatized, Loeb said the field is still looked down upon by some astrophysicists and other academics, which can turn off young scientists.
“I really want the next generation to be free to discuss it, and for it to become part of the mainstream,” Loeb said. “My hope is that by getting a high resolution image of something unusual, or finding evidence for it, which is quite possible in the coming year or two, we will change it.”
The Galileo Project also hopes to use data collected by Planet Labs, which uses a fleet of miniature satellites to image the entire Earth once a day. By both looking up and down, the likelihood of discovery is increased.
Collaboration is important, Loeb said, as the search for UFOs to date has been quixotic at best. But those who claim the lack of evidence of extraterrestrials means that alien life does not exist are misguided, Loeb said.
“It’s just like a fisherman on the beach, looking at the ocean, saying: ‘Where are all the fish? I don’t see anything?’” he said. “And obviously if you don’t use a fishing net you will not find anything.”
Long-time space enthusiasts are also hopeful about the impact of the James Webb space telescope, the largest and most powerful of its kind, which Nasa launched in December 2021. When it begins operating this summer, the Webb telescope will enable astronomers to scan the skies, peering back to when the universe was first beginning to form, as well as help study exo-planets: worlds that circle other suns.
These concerted efforts could make 2022 “a banner year”, Leonard David, author of Moon Rush: the New Space Race, and a journalist who has been reporting on the space industry for more than five decades, said.
“It’s a great time to be alive. The bottom line is something’s coming. You can’t have that many people doing that much research and come up dry,” David said.
“At some point we’re going to have a confluence of scientific data that supports the likelihood that we’re a pretty mundane place here on earth, and there’s a lot of alien civilizations that are out there.
“We’ve got to start thinking we’re not alone. It’s: how crowded is it up there?”
A frequent backdrop to any discussion of alien life is how it would affect humans here on earth. Some speculate that religions could be shaken to their core, or that there could be a mass existential crisis.
David said that extraterrestrials, however, could be aware of us and be deliberately ignoring our planet, which would represent an equally devastating blow to the human sense of self-importance.
“I don’t know exactly where the Earth fits in and why we would be on the receiving end of any attention,” he said.
“We could be the dolts of the universe.”
Closed gates at the entrance to Area 51, the military base in Nevada.
From the “Don’t we have enough to worry about?” file comes news that a theoretical entity which researchers have referred as the extremely descriptive ‘wandering black hole’ is not theoretical anymore – a team of international astronomers have found one … and it’s right here in our Milky Way galaxy on a tour at speeds far exceeding those of wandering stars and planets. Will this replace ghosts, monsters under your bed and whatever is causing the Havana syndrome as the scariest thing we can’t see?
“This kind of work is incredibly important in that it contributes towards a complete census of the black hole population.”
Who knew there was a black hole census going on? And how do you count things you can’t see … especially when they’re moving at 100,000 miles per hour (162,000 km per hour)? Vivienne Baldassare, a black hole expert at Washington State University, is a black hole census taker and she told Science Alert she’s thrilled to add this new discovery to her list, even though she was not part of the international team of astronomers which used the Hubble Space Telescope to find the first known wandering black hole. Located 5200 lightyears away in the constellation Sagittarius, this isolated stellar-mass black hole is the result of a decade of work that began in 2011 when the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) and Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics (MOA) independently recorded an event that peaked on July 20, 2011. They named it MOA-2011-BLG-191/OGLE-2011-BLG-0462 (MOA-11-191/OGLE-11-0462 for short) and then a team of astronomers led by Kailash Sahu of the Space Telescope Science Institute set about trying to figure out what it was.
Using gravitational microlensing – the detection of the curvature of space-time which occurs when a faint object with a gravitational field passes in front of a distant star – they made eight separate observations of MOA-11-191/OGLE-11-0462 from 2011 to 2017. When Sahu and his team analyzed this data, they were surprised to find it indicated a black hole rather than a star. The changes in the light behind it allowed them to calculate its mass and motion and determine that MOA-11-191/OGLE-11-0462 has a mass about 7.1 times that of our Sun and it’s speeding across the Milky Way at 28 miles per second (45 km per second) – far faster than anything else around it.
What was that?
“Since none of the other stars are moving this fast, we think this must be because [the black hole] got a ‘kick’ during the supernova explosion that produced [it].”
Kailash Sahu sounds like he got a ‘kick’ out of being the first to discover a wandering black hole and create a great band name in the process – Supernova Kick. Vivienne Baldassare calls the discovery an “impressive” feat of observational astronomy. However, it’s stretching the limits of the capabilities of the Hubble telescope – any new wandering black holes will require the Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile, whose opening has been delayed until at least 2023.
Should we be worried about wandering black hole MOA-11-191/OGLE-11-0462? Not really – it’s 5200 light years away. What’s scary is that astrophysicists estimate there are MILLIONS of high-speed wandering black holes who got a supernova kick and are zooming around the Milky Way at up to 43 miles per second (70 km per second).
How Dark Matter Could Be Measured in the Solar System
How Dark Matter Could Be Measured in the Solar System
Dark matter has long been a mystery to astronomers, in no small part because it is so hard to measure directly. Its influence is plain when looking at its gravitational effects on objects such as far away galaxies, but measuring that influence directly has proved much trickier. But now, a team of scientists thinks they have a way to measure the influence of dark matter directly – all it would require is a specialized probe that sits really far away from Earth for a while.
Gravity is a very predictable force – its strength diminishes with distance. While standing on the Earth, its influence is the strongest source of gravity. Similarly, if an object is floating around the solar system, the sun is likely its strongest source of gravity. But even in the solar system itself, dark matter influences the gravity felt by objects orbiting the sun.
UT video discussing what we know about dark matter.
That’s because matter (both “dark” and “baryonic” – i.e., normal) outside of the solar system also pulls on objects within the solar system. However, that pull is weaker because of the huge distances between objects. Dr. Edward Belbruno calls this pull the “galactic force,” which sounds more like a TV superhero team from the 90s rather than a measure of gravitational influence. Nevertheless, he and his colleagues calculated that approximately 45% of this galactic force was caused by regular matter, while the other 45% was caused by dark matter.
Dark matter’s lesser influence doesn’t seem to make sense, given that it accounts for up to 95% of the galaxy’s gravitational pull. However, that disparity seems to be due to the distance between objects in the solar system and the vast majority of dark matter in the galaxy. Dark matter is clustered in a halo around the outside of the galaxy. Since our solar system isn’t very near the edge, dark matter’s impact on objects within the solar system is minimized even more.
That doesn’t mean it’s completely undetectable. Calculates put forward in the paper suggest that the influence of dark matter might have moved the probe Pioneer 10 by as much as 1.5 m (5 ft). Admittedly that is a minimal distance compared to the billions of kilometers it has traveled over its 50-year lifespan. But with the right instruments, a similar effect could be measured on a different spacecraft.
The paper suggests that a probe set up with an experiment specifically designed to monitor gravitational influences could detect the effects of dark matter by simply traveling to 100 AU and dropping a ball into space. This ball would have to be reflective, but it would be subject only to the galactic force. In contrast, the spacecraft, which would also have to have a commonly used power source called a radioisotope thermal generator (RTG), would also be subjected to the thermal force caused by that RTG.
The left image shows galaxy cluster CI 0024+1 from a Hubble image in visible light. The right image shows blue shading representing dark matter according to the gravitational lensing it causes. Credit – NASA, ESA, M.J. Jee and H. Ford (John Hopkins University)
By subtracting the acceleration (or deceleration) caused by the thermal force from the overall acceleration difference of the probe, scientists could figure out what gravitational acceleration is caused by the galactic force itself. Currently, no mission is on the docket that is designed for such an experiment, but one called Interstellar Probe has been put forward as a concept. It would pause at 500 AU to look at conditions there, and with the right equipment could be the probe source needed to directly study the effects of dark matter for the first time.
Astronauts Confess about Mysterious Things They’ve Seen and Experienced in Space!
Astronauts Confess about Mysterious Things They’ve Seen and Experienced in Space!
Anyone who has ever had the indescribable good fortune to fly into space has always described the experience as incomparably memorable.
The majestic view of our home planet as it spins in space, so quiet and peaceful from a distance, is likely to have left a lasting impression on all astronauts.
However, not all reports of the space travelers' experiences paint such a peaceful picture. In fact, some astronauts have already reported inexplicable, sometimes eerie experiences that have happened to them in space. Now you too can hear about the mysterious reports that have made our jaws drop!
Former Israeli space security chief says extraterrestrials exist
Former Israeli space security chief says extraterrestrials exist
A"galactic federation" has been waiting for humans to "reach a stage where we will understand... what space and spaceships are.
Former Israeli space security chief Haim Eshed, head of Israel's Defense Ministry's space directorate says that earthlings have been in contact with extraterrestrials from a "galactic federation."
He says that the unidentified flying objects have asked not to publish that they are here, humanity is not ready yet. The aliens were equally curious about humanity and were seeking to understand "the fabric of the universe".
A communication satellite orbits Earth.
Michael Dunning / Getty Images
There is an agreement between the U.S. government and the aliens and cooperation agreements had been signed between species, including an "underground base in the depths of Mars" where there are American astronauts and alien representatives.
Read more including video interview about this topic at nbcnews
It only took five minutes for Gavin Schmidt to out-speculate me.
Schmidt is the director of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (a.k.a. GISS) a world-class climate-science facility. One day last year, I came to GISS with a far-out proposal. In my work as an astrophysicist, I’d begun researching global warming from an “astrobiological perspective.” That meant asking whether any industrial civilization that rises on any planet will, through their own activity, trigger their own version of a climate shift. I was visiting GISS that day hoping to gain some climate science insights and, perhaps, collaborators. That’s how I ended up in Gavin’s office.
Just as I was revving up my pitch, Gavin stopped me in my tracks.
“Wait a second,” he said. “How do you know we’re the only time there’s been a civilization on our own planet?”
It took me a few seconds to pick up my jaw off the floor. I had certainly come into Gavin’s office prepared for eye rolls at the mention of “exo-civilizations.” But the civilizations he was asking about would have existed many millions of years ago. Sitting there, seeing Earth’s vast evolutionary past telescope before my mind’s eye, I felt a kind of temporal vertigo. “Yeah,” I stammered, “Could we tell if there’d been an industrial civilization that deep in time?”
We never got back to aliens. Instead, that first conversation launched a new study we’ve recently published in the International Journal of Astrobiology. Though neither of us could see it at that moment, Gavin’s penetrating question opened a window not just onto Earth’s past, but also onto our own future.
We’re used to imagining extinct civilizations in terms of the sunken statues and subterranean ruins. These kinds of artifacts of previous societies are fine if you’re only interested in timescales of a few thousands of years. But once you roll the clock back to tens of millions or hundreds of millions of years, things get more complicated.
When it comes to direct evidence of an industrial civilization—things like cities, factories, and roads—the geologic record doesn’t go back past what’s called the Quaternary period 2.6 million years ago. For example, the oldest large-scale stretch of ancient surface lies in the Negev Desert. It’s “just” 1.8 million years old—older surfaces are mostly visible in cross section via something like a cliff face or rock cuts. Go back much further than the Quaternary, and everything has been turned over and crushed to dust.
And, if we’re going back this far, we’re not talking about human civilizations anymore. Homo sapiens didn’t make their appearance on the planet until just 300,000 years or so ago. That means the question shifts to other species, which is why Gavin called the idea the Silurian hypothesis, after an old Doctor Who episode with intelligent reptiles.
So could researchers find clear evidence that an ancient species built a relatively short-lived industrial civilization long before our own? Perhaps, for example, some early mammal rose briefly to civilization building during the Paleocene epoch, about 60 million years ago. There are fossils, of course. But the fraction of life that gets fossilized is always minuscule and varies a lot depending on time and habitat. It would be easy, therefore, to miss an industrial civilization that lasted only 100,000 years—which would be 500 times longer than our industrial civilization has made it so far.
Given that all direct evidence would be long gone after many millions of years, what kinds of evidence might then still exist? The best way to answer this question is to figure out what evidence we’d leave behind if human civilization collapsed at its current stage of development.
Now that our industrial civilization has truly gone global, humanity’s collective activity is laying down a variety of traces that will be detectable by scientists 100 million years in the future. The extensive use of fertilizer, for example, keeps 7 billion people fed, but it also means we’re redirecting the planet’s flows of nitrogen into food production. Future researchers should see this in characteristics of nitrogen showing up in sediments from our era. Likewise our relentless hunger for the rare-Earth elements used in electronic gizmos. Far more of these atoms are now wandering around the planet’s surface because of us than would otherwise be the case. They might also show up in future sediments, too. Even our creation, and use, of synthetic steroids has now become so pervasive that it too may be detectable in geologic strata 10 million years from now.
And then there’s all that plastic. Studies have shown that increasing amounts of plastic “marine litter” are being deposited on the seafloor everywhere from coastal areas to deep basins, and even in the Arctic. Wind, sun, and waves grind down large-scale plastic artifacts, leaving the seas full of microscopic plastic particles that will eventually rain down on the ocean floor, creating a layer that could persist for geological timescales.
The big question is how long any of these traces of our civilization will last. In our study, we found that each had the possibility of making it into future sediments. Ironically, however, the most promising marker of humanity’s presence as an advanced civilization is a by-product of one activity that may threaten it most.
When we burn fossil fuels, we’re releasing carbon back into the atmosphere that was once part of living tissues. This ancient carbon is depleted in one of that element’s three naturally occurring varieties, or isotopes. The more fossil fuels we burn, the more the balance of these carbon isotopes shifts. Atmospheric scientists call this shift the Suess effect, and the change in isotopic ratios of carbon due to fossil-fuel use is easy to see over the past century. Increases in temperature also leave isotopic signals. These shifts should be apparent to any future scientist who chemically analyzes exposed layers of rock from our era. Along with these spikes, this Anthropocene layer might also hold brief peaks in nitrogen, plastic nanoparticles, and even synthetic steroids. So if these are traces our civilization is bound to leave for the future, might the same “signals” exist right now in rocks just waiting to tell us of civilizations long gone?
Fifty-six million years ago, Earth passed through the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). During the PETM, the planet’s average temperature climbed as high as 15 degrees Fahrenheit above what we experience today. It was a world almost without ice, as typical summer temperatures at the poles reached close to a balmy 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Looking at the isotopic record from the PETM, scientists see both carbon and oxygen isotope ratios spiking in exactly the way we expect to see in the Anthropocene record. There are also other events like the PETM in the Earth’s history that show traces like our hypothetical Anthropocene signal. These include an event a few million years after the PETM dubbed the Eocene Layers of Mysterious Origin, and massive events in the Cretaceous that left the ocean without oxygen for many millennia (or even longer).
Are these events indications of previous nonhuman industrial civilizations? Almost certainly not. While there is evidence that the PETM may have been driven by a massive release of buried fossil carbon into the air, it’s the timescale of these changes that matter. The PETM’s isotope spikes rise and fall over a few hundred thousand years. But what makes the Anthropocene so remarkable in terms of Earth’s history is the speed at which we’re dumping fossil carbon into the atmosphere. There have been geological periods where Earth’s CO2 has been as high or higher than today, but never before in the planet’s multibillion-year history has so much buried carbon been dumped back into the atmosphere so quickly. So the isotopic spikes we do see in the geologic record may not be spiky enough to fit the Silurian hypothesis’s bill.
But there is a conundrum here. If an earlier species’s industrial activity is short-lived, we might not be able to easily see it. The PETM’s spikes mostly show us the Earth’s timescales for responding to whatever caused it, not necessarily the timescale of the cause. So it might take both dedicated and novel detection methods to find evidence of a truly short-lived event in ancient sediments. In other words, if you’re not explicitly looking for it, you might not see it. That recognition was, perhaps, the most concrete conclusion of our study.
It’s not often that you write a paper proposing a hypothesis that you don’t support. Gavin and I don’t believe the Earth once hosted a 50-million-year-old Paleocene civilization. But by asking if we could “see” truly ancient industrial civilizations, we were forced to ask about the generic kinds of impacts any civilization might have on a planet. That’s exactly what the astrobiological perspective on climate change is all about. Civilization building means harvesting energy from the planet to do work (i.e., the work of civilization building). Once the civilization reaches truly planetary scales, there has to be some feedback on the coupled planetary systems that gave it life (air, water, rock). This will be particularly true for young civilizations like ours still climbing up the ladder of technological capacity. There is, in other words, no free lunch. While some energy sources will have lower impact—say solar versus fossil fuels—you can’t power a global civilization without some degree of impact on the planet.
Once you realize, through climate change, the need to find lower-impact energy sources, the less impact you will leave. So the more sustainable your civilization becomes, the smaller the signal you’ll leave for future generations.
In addition, our work also opened up the speculative possibility that some planets might have fossil-fuel-driven cycles of civilization building and collapse. If a civilization uses fossil fuels, the climate change they trigger can lead to a large decrease in ocean oxygen levels. These low oxygen levels (called ocean anoxia) help trigger the conditions needed for making fossil fuels like oil and coal in the first place. In this way, a civilization and its demise might sow the seed for new civilizations in the future.
By asking about civilizations lost in deep time, we’re also asking about the possibility for universal rules guiding the evolution of all biospheres in all their creative potential, including the emergence of civilizations. Even without pickup-driving Paleocenians, we’re only now learning to see how rich that potential might be.
The Mysterious Death Of Phil Schneider: The Man Who Revealed The Conspiracy Of The US Authorities With Aliens
The Mysterious Death Of Phil Schneider: The Man Who Revealed The Conspiracy Of The US Authorities With Aliens
In 1995, previously unknown geologist-engineer Phil Schneider delivered a lecture in which he spoke about the secret underground bases on which the US government spends a huge part of its budget.
Phil Schneider was a geologist and engineer and, according to him, he worked for 17 years on the so-called “black” (classified) US projects.
Clip: Phil Schneider - November 1995 Lecture
Among conspiracy theorists, he is considered one of the most important informants in history.
In the 1990s, Schneider made a decision for himself to tell the public about everything that the US authorities are hiding.
In 1995, he gave a surprise talk at the Preparedness Expo, talking about the New World Order and the U.S. government’s ties to aliens.
Less than 6 months after this performance, Phil Schneider was found dead in his apartment with a piano string wrapped around his neck. Rumors immediately spread that it was a “military-style” execution.
Also, Phil’s body was in such a state that people close to the investigation let out that, apparently, Phil was brutally tortured before his death. However, the official cause of death was suicide.
By the way, Phil Schneider suspected from the very beginning that he could be killed if he let it out. He repeatedly told family and friends that if they were ever told that he had committed suicide, it would be untrue and that it would be murder.
Phil Schneider understood that by his revealations he angered many powerful people and they would definitely take some action against him, as a result of which he would be killed.
In his report, Schneider said that he had worked for years to create deep underground military bases, in which, among other things, alien equipment was placed. Phil Schneider assured that the US authorities have known about the existence of aliens since 1909 and are doing their best to hide this information from the public.
He also claimed that more than $500 billion is allocated annually to secret projects dealing with alien issues. And that 28% of the US gross national product is spent on building underground bases. This “black budget”, as he called it, is completely hidden from Congress. There is no doubt that these projects continue to this day.
Below Are 8 Key Messages From Phil Schneider’s 1995 Speech:
According to Schneider, by 1995 there were 131 active secret underground bases in the United States and about 1,477 underground bases worldwide. Each base cost an average of $ 17-19 billion (in 1995 money) and took 1-2 years to build using advanced construction techniques, including vitrification and rock melting using lasers. Schneider stated that these bases are huge and contain thousands upon thousands of soldiers and service personnel.
Magnetic levitation trains connect all bases in the United States in a huge transportation system capable of incredibly high speeds. He claims that there is a whole other world down there, filled with both humans and alien life forms.
Area 51 is actually a complex of 9 deep underground bases, home to more than 18,000 workers, whose lives are highly regulated and completely classified.
In 1954, the United States government signed an agreement with aliens giving them permission to conduct experiments on humans and animals in exchange for technology. This agreement, known as the Treaty of Grenada, is a well-documented event. The original terms of this agreement stated that only a small number of people could be kidnapped, and they needed to be returned to where they were found, and their memory of the incident should be erased. The aliens also had to provide a list of the people they were abducting. However, after a few years, it became clear that the aliens took many more people than they initially agreed.
There are 11 different alien races on Earth. Two of these species are benevolent.
“The new world order and alien plans are one and the same.” Schneider describes the alien program as “a complete takeover of this planet, resulting in the death of 5/6 to 7/8 of the world’s population by 2029.” Obviously, the alien takeover will mean that a single world government will be created, and, in all likelihood, this will be the end of freedom as we know it.
At least 9 races of alien beings view humans as a food source. However, this does not mean that they are all cannibals. Instead of actually ingesting human flesh, they use the secretions of the glands of humans and animals to prepare a mixture of vitamins added to their food, and some alien races can get a high, like drugs, from the adrenaline withdrawn from human bodies.
8. Sixteen days before his first public appearance, Schneider was attacked by someone he identified as an FBI agent. This man wounded Schneider in the shoulder and in response Schneider shot and killed him.
But when he reported this directly to the FBI, then Schneider was told that they did not know about anything like that.
However, after the report, he was attacked at least 11 times, according to him. He also claimed that government agents tried to kidnap his daughter, but these attempts were unsuccessful due to the heroic actions of his ex-wife.
New technology could enable humans to travel at 7 million MPH – Inverse
NEW TECHNOLOGY COULD ENABLE HUMANS TO TRAVEL AT 7 MILLION MPH
At 1 percent the speed of light, it would take a little over a second to get from Los Angeles to New York.
LIGHT IS FAST. In fact, it is thefastest thing that exists, and a law of the universe is that nothing can move faster than light. Light travels at 186,000 miles per second (300,000 kilometers per second) and can go from the Earth to the Moon in just over a second. Light can streak from Los Angeles to New York in less than the blink of an eye.
While 1 percent of anything doesn’t sound like much, with light, that’s still really fast — close to 7 million miles per hour! At 1 percent the speed of light, it would take a little over a second to get from Los Angeles to New York. This is more than 10,000 times faster than a commercial jet.
The Parker Solar Probe, seen here in an artist’s rendition, is the fastest object ever made by humans and used the gravity of the Sun to get going 0.05% the speed of light.
Bullets can go 2,600 miles per hour (mph), more than three times the speed of sound. The fastest aircraft is NASA’s X3 jet plane, with a top speed of 7,000 mph. That sounds impressive, but it’s still only 0.001 percent the speed of light.
The fastest human-made objects are spacecraft. They use rockets to break free of the Earth’s gravity, which takes a speed of 25,000 mph. The spacecraft that is traveling the fastest is NASA’s Parker Solar Probe. After it launched from Earth in 2018, it skimmed the Sun’s scorching atmosphere and used the Sun’s gravity to reach 330,000 mph. That’s blindingly fast — yet only 0.05% of the speed of light.
WHY EVEN 1 PERCENT OF LIGHT SPEED IS HARD
What’s holding humanity back from reaching 1 percent of the speed of light? In a word, energy. Any object that’s moving has energy due to its motion. Physicists call this kinetic energy. To go faster, you need to increase kinetic energy. The problem is that it takes a lot of kinetic energy to increase speed. To make something go twice as fast takes four times the energy. Making something go three times as fast requires nine times the energy, and so on.
For example, to get a teenager who weighs 110 pounds to 1 percent of the speed of light would cost 200 trillion Joules (a measurement of energy). That’s roughly the same amount of energy that 2 million people in the U.S. use in a day.
Light sails like these seen in an illustration could get us to the stars. Photon Illustration/Stocktrek Images/Stocktrek Images/Getty Images
HOW FAST CAN WE GO?
It’s possible to get something to 1 percent the speed of light, but it would just take an enormous amount of energy. Could humans make something go even faster?
Yes! But engineers need to figure out new ways to make things move in space. All rockets, even the sleek new rockets used by SpaceX and Blue Origins, burn rocket fuel that isn’t very different from gasoline in a car. The problem is that burning fuel is very inefficient.
Other methods for pushing a spacecraft involve using electric or magnetic forces. Nuclear fusion, the process that powers the Sun, is also much more efficient than chemical fuel.
Scientists are researching many other ways to go fast — even warp drives, the faster-than-light travel popularized by Star Trek.
One promising way to get something moving very fast is to use a solar sail. These are large, thin sheets of plastic attached to a spacecraft and designed so that sunlight can push on them, like the wind in a normal sail. A few spacecraft have used solar sails to show that they work, and scientists think that a solar sail could propel spacecraft to 10 percent of the speed of light.
One day, when humanity is not limited to a tiny fraction of the speed of light, we might travel to the stars.
The more that military aircraft advance, the more difficult it will be to differentiate between a genuine UFO and something constructed out at the likes of Area 51. Although there is no doubt in my mind there is a real UFO phenomenon, there are also high-tech craft flying around that are ours and no-one else’s. So, with that said, today I’ll share with you some examples of what I believe to be highly advanced planes that many might suspect are the work of extraterrestrials. Here’s the first story: It was around 11:00 p.m. on September 26, 1994, when a small, twin-tailed aircraft crash-landed onto the lengthy runway at Boscombe Down, which is situated in the English county of Wiltshire. At around the time of the incident, a number of aviation enthusiasts were listening in on air-band radios and were aware that something untoward had taken place. The following day, several of those same enthusiasts drove to the installation – which is near to the A303 road and not at all far from Stonehenge – and were apprehended by local police who had set up road-blocks to keep away prying eyes. Before being ushered away, however, a number of people succeeded in catching sight of a disabled aircraft. It was situated at the end of the runway and, aside from its twin-tail fins, was completely covered over by tarpaulins.
(Nick Redfern)
Aliens visiting Stonehenge? Or did something of ours cause all the problem?
The account of the crash at Boscombe Down is made all the more intriguing by a story that was published in the U.K.’s Salisbury Times newspaper on August 23, 1994 – just about a month before all hell broke loose at Boscombe Down. The location: the aforementioned A303 road. The article states: “A green flying saucer hovered beside the A303 road at Deptford last week – according to a lorry driver who rushed to Salisbury police station in the early hours of the morning. The man banged on the station door in Wilton Road at 1:30 a.m. on Thursday after spotting the saucer suspended in mid-air. ‘He was 100 per cent convinced it was a UFO,’ said Inspector Andy Shearing. The man said it was bright green and shaped like a triangle with rounded corners. It also had green and white flashing lights. Other drivers had seen it and were flashing their car lights at him. A patrol car took the driver back to the spot but there was no trace of the flying saucer. Inspector Shearing said police had been alerted about similar sightings in the same area in the past.” Although the Salisbury Times called the object a “flying saucer,” the description of it being “shaped like a triangle with rounded corners,” sounds very much like the a “secret aircraft” called the TR-3A. Some say it has the ability to hover – and in silence, no less. Seeing such a thing would surely make one think they had seen a real UFO.
Moving on, there are the so-called “Flying Triangles” that have been seen for years, but that know can be sure if they are “ours” or “theirs.” It was in the summer of 1989 that Chris Gibson had what can accurately be termed the encounter of a lifetime. An engineer with an Honors degree in geology and someone who’s worked focused on oil-exploration, Gibson was also attached to the U.K.’s Royal Observer Corps. The work of the ROC – which closed down in December 1995, after seventy years of work to help protect the United Kingdom from attack – required its volunteers to keep a careful watch on the skies above and what was flying in those same skies, too. As luck – or fate – would have it, and at the time when the Aurora program may very well have been compromised, Gibson was working on an oil rig in the North Sea. The name of the rig was the Galveston Key. It was August 1989, specifically, when one of Gibson’s colleagues, a friend named Graeme Winton, who went to university with Gibson, excitedly told Gibson to come with him to the deck. There was something Winton needed to show him. A startled and amazed Gibson caught sight of something incredible in the skies above. A pair of General Dynamics’ F1-11 aircraft were shepherding a very strange-looking, completely black aircraft. And, a Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker seemed to be fueling it. It was in the form of a triangle.
(Nick Redfern)
Flying Triangles: UFOs or high-tech craft of ours?
When it comes to the matter of Area 51 and the 1970s, there are two important issues that cannot be ignored. And they should not be ignored. One was the early development of what has become known as “Stealth” technology for aircraft The other issue revolves around NASA and is a real can of worms. We’ll begin with matters of the stealthy kind. It was in 1988 that both the Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk stealth fighter and the Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit were unveiled for one and all to see. The completely black, triangular-shaped aircraft caught the world’s attention, primarily because of their strange, angular shapes. It’s intriguing to note that in 1982 a wave of encounters with what became known as “Flying Triangles” began over portions of New York State, specifically in Hudson Valley. In their 1988 book, Night Siege, authors Dr. J. Allen Hynek, Philip J. Imbrogno and Bob Pratt wrote: “Can 7,000 eyewitnesses be wrong? They were there to witness the huge, hovering object in the sky, three flashing lights, the eerie silence. They are ordinary people from all walks of life: stay-at-home moms, kids, business people, engineers. They tell their stories here, and they all agree on one thing: they saw the same massive object cruising over their backyards. And it was like nothing they had seen before…” Sounds just like a UFO story, right? Maybe not, though. Possibly the whole thing was down to us. Perhaps, there are more “home-grown” secret aircraft than we can imagine.
ALL RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
The woman in the video says there are six of them. That they all came from a hole in a cloud at the same time. It's a well known fact that UFOs create holes in clouds...as stated in the O'Hare airport incident back in 2006 which was seen shooting up through a cloud, which left a dark opening hole for 15 minutes.
This video just started to go viral here in Taiwan. Its a recording of two women who were out for a walk in farmland community of Taitung, Taiwan. No huge shopping centers, or big city areas at all. These are not search lights. There is no such reason in a farm community to have such things. Especially since this was not over the actual city, but far out near the mountains. This is all flat farm fields community surrounded by lush green mountain on all sides! Even the Taiwan military denied it was them and had no clue as to what it could be. The whole sighting lasted only 4 minutes, but the video is 100% proof that alien craft are visiting Taiwan.
Scott C. Waring - New Taipei City, Taiwan
News states (translated from Chinese):
At around 8 o'clock tonight in Taitung , some people found that an unknown luminous body appeared in the sky above Zhiben, and the flight path was not like that of ordinary aircraft. It was unbelievable that they called it a UFO .
The military stated that there are no related military planes or military activities in Taitung tonight, and all military activities around Taiwan are under control. "Originally 2 luminous bodies turned into 6 luminous bodies at once." Witnesses said that the light body appeared around 8:20 in the evening, and Zhiben was heading to the sky over Da Nan.
When I took it, I didn't expect the luminous bodies to come together and separate at once, just like the UFOs circulating in movies and the Internet. According to the images taken by witnesses, the unidentified flying luminous body can not only traverse left and right, the light body will also flicker on and off, and there is no sound of an aircraft engine at all, and even more incredible will be combined and separated. The whole process takes about 4 minutes After that, it disappeared into the air.
(UFO) ORB SIGHTING IN UKRAINE. TWO SIMILAR SIGHTING ALSO REC IN THE STATES
Orb activity recorded over Odessa Ukraine also similar activity witnessed in the States. These Red Orb sightings have been seen and recorded around the world. Take a look at what I have to show you, these Orbs are moving or are being controlled remotely with intelligence. Please give me your opinion.
Daytime UFO activity over Santa Monica, California
Daytime UFO activity over Santa Monica, California
This UFO video was posted on Reddit today. It shows these strange daytime UFOs flying in the daytime sky above Santa Monica in California.
Witness report:
When I looked through the binocs (I have two pair, one with a stabilizer one with extra magnification) I expected to see lanterns, flares, balloons, or even drones or skydivers. Instead what I saw were sparkling rings of smoke that had some shape and apparent structure, but they spun like tops in the sky as they moved. They almost had a jellyfish type body that seemed to pulse and was translucent.
Proof of extraterrestrial life may be a lot closer to home than most imagine according to one Harvard scientist.
In an op-ed published in Scientific American, theoretical physicists and Harvard professor, Abraham Loeb, says that our own moon may be a 'fishing net' for alien life.
'The idea is to consider the moon’s surface as a fishing net for interstellar objects collected over time and potentially deliver building blocks of life from the habitable environments around other stars,' writes Loeb in Scientific American.
Because the moon is geologically inactive, Loeb says the surface would likely retain any intriguing interstellar clues brought via asteroid or some other astrophysical source instead of burying evidence deep under the lunar surface.
Abrahm Loeb, a Harvard professor and astrophysicist (pictured above) says that evidence of alien life may be hiding out on the surface of the moon
The moon's geological and atmospheric conditions make the existence of interstellar, and possibly alien, material a possibility, Loeb says
Objects collected by the moon's surface would likely extend back billions of years making the moon a kind of 'mailbox,' as he puts it, for objects flying around our solar system.
Though most of those impacts would likely be the result of objects originated from within our solar system, recent evidence shows that interstellar travelers in our neck of the galaxy may be a lot more common than previously thought.
Just recently, astronomers identified the second known interstellar object to enter our solar system - a comet dubbed 2l/Borisov - that will be visible by telescopes for up to a year.
In 2017, researchers identified Oumuamua, the first - a mysterious cigar-shaped projectile, formally named object that resembled both a comet and an asteroid, though it didn't conform to many of the other defining features usually associated with those objects.
Astronomers identified an asteroid-like rock known as Oumuamua, the first known interstellar object to pass through our solar system two years ago. An artist's impression of Oumuamua is pictured
Those objects not only portend extraterrestrial pay-dirt on the moon, says Loeb, but studying them could also help to inform scientists exactly how much may be lurking on the surface.
'With this calibration at hand, one can calculate the amount of interstellar material that has collected on the moon’s surface over its history,' he writes.
Loeb says that based on current measurements of the flux - amount of energy - of interstellar objects, the lunar surface may contain as much as 30 parts per million of lunar surface material.
'Amino acids, which serve as the building blocks of 'life as we know it,' could amount to a few parts per hundred billion,' says Loeb.
This rendering (pictured above) shows a concept of what a base on the lunar surface may look like. From here, humans would be able to explore the lunar surface.
Micro-fossils of extinct alien life, similar to the 3.4 billion-year-old versions found on Earth are also a distinct possibility, he says.
Of course, even more exciting than bits of interstellar matter, would be the prospect of a more overt sign of life in other parts of the universe.
'Even more exciting would be to find traces of technological equipment that crashed on the lunar surface a billion years ago, amounting to a letter from an alien civilization saying, “We exist.”' write Loeb.
'Without checking our mailbox, we would never know that such a message arrived.'
With the potential for a moon base being built by either the US or China, Loeb says those findings could be just around the corner.
NASA will land the first woman and first person of color on the moon in 2025 as part of the Artemis mission
Artemis was the twin sister of Apollo and goddess of the moon in Greek mythology.
NASA has chosen her to personify its path back to the moon, which will see astronauts return to the lunar surface by 2025 - including the first woman and the next man.
Artemis 1, formerly Exploration Mission-1, is the first in a series of increasingly complex missions that will enable human exploration to the moon and Mars.
Artemis 1 will be the first integrated flight test of NASA’s deep space exploration system: the Orion spacecraft, Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and the ground systems at Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida.
Artemis 1 will be an uncrewed flight that will provide a foundation for human deep space exploration, and demonstrate our commitment and capability to extend human existence to the moon and beyond.
During this flight, the spacecraft will launch on the most powerful rocket in the world and fly farther than any spacecraft built for humans has ever flown.
It will travel 280,000 miles (450,600 km) from Earth, thousands of miles beyond the moon over the course of about a three-week mission.
Artemis 1, formerly Exploration Mission-1, is the first in a series of increasingly complex missions that will enable human exploration to the moon and Mars. This graphic explains the various stages of the mission
Orion will stay in space longer than any ship for astronauts has done without docking to a space station and return home faster and hotter than ever before.
With this first exploration mission, NASA is leading the next steps of human exploration into deep space where astronauts will build and begin testing the systems near the moon needed for lunar surface missions and exploration to other destinations farther from Earth, including Mars.
The will take crew on a different trajectory and test Orion’s critical systems with humans aboard.
Together, Orion, SLS and the ground systems at Kennedy will be able to meet the most challenging crew and cargo mission needs in deep space.
Eventually NASA seeks to establish a sustainable human presence on the moon by 2028 as a result of the Artemis mission.
The space agency hopes this colony will uncover new scientific discoveries, demonstrate new technological advancements and lay the foundation for private companies to build a lunar economy.
If you’ve heard of the Black Eyed Children, then you’ll also know they are both creepy and not quite human. Hence the name, of course. There are some things about the BEC that you may not know. First, there’s the matter of mind-control. “Martin,” who lives just outside of Tecumseh, Oklahoma, had an encounter with the BEC in March 2011, and who I was able to interview personally just a few weeks after his experience. Martin was at home when he had just about the worst encounter possible. Around 8:30 p.m., there was that knock on the door, the kind of which so many witnesses to the BEC have now experienced, but surely wished they hadn’t. Martin didn’t even bother looking through the spy-hole: he assumed it was his immediate neighbor, Rex, who took in any packages that might have been left on Martin’s doorstep while he was away. Sadly for Martin, as he opened the door, he instantly realized it was not Rex.
Martin got the shock of his life when he was confronted by a boy and a girl – both around eleven or twelve years of age and with large, black, eerie-looking eyes. The girl was dressed in jeans and a long-sleeved black top, while the boy had the almost-ubiquitous black hoodie. Both looked sickly and scrawny and is if they needed a hearty meal in them. Little did Martin know that this was exactly what they were there for. Hardly a fan of the supernatural, Martin had never heard of the BEC phenomenon and could only stand and stare at their curious faces, assuming at first that this was some kind of joke. But, the Black-Eyed Children were certainly not laughing. They stood together, hand in hand, looking at Martin with expressions on their faces that were, paradoxically, lacking in emotion but which also gave off airs of highly charged malevolence.
(Nick Redfern)
Kids to keep away from
Echoing Brian Bethel’s famous encounter back in the 1990s, Martin said that when the girl said they were homeless and needed something to eat, it all seemed very much like a ruse – as if they had spoken the words time and time again. It was like a carefully-crafted scheme on their part. Most disturbing of all, for a few moments Martin felt transfixed – almost hypnotized – by those large, black eyes. Indeed, he told me that he could not understand why he did not quickly shut the door at the sight of those terrible eyes. Martin could only say that it was if he was somehow being prevented from shutting the door on the pair. Finally, though, he was able to get rid of the pair and slammed the door. One might be justified in saying Martin had been placed in a state of full-blown mind-control.
Now, onto the matter of Shape-Shifting. “Anna” is a resident of none other than Point Pleasant, West Virginia – the infamous locale where, in 1966, the notorious, blazing-eyed Mothman first surfaced, and which was made legendary in John Keel’s classic book, The Mothman Prophecies. As Anna revealed to me when I was at Point Pleasant in 2014 – to speak at the annual Mothman Festival – back in October 2012 she had a strange and frightening encounter with a pair of Black-Eyed Children, late one Saturday night. Anna, a shift-worker at a local factory, was spending her night relaxing and watching television, after a hard day of work. Sometime around 11:10 p.m., there was a knock at the door. Do I need to tell you who had just arrived?
(Nick Redfern)
Beware of the BEC
Anna warily went to the door, and peered through the spy-hole. She couldn’t fail to see the two boys, standing next to each other, and both wearing the familiar black hoodies. She shouted through the door, asking what they wanted. When she got no answer, Anna put the chain on the door and opened it. When Anna saw the boys, she was frozen with terror: both had the ubiquitous black eyes, and both had skin the color of milk. “We need food,” said one, in an almost robotic fashion, while looking at his feet. Things got worse: the “children” mutated into something terrible. As Anna continued to stare at them – locked into a state of terror – something almost unimaginable happened: an eerie green glow surrounded the boys and, in seconds, they were replaced by a pair of what Anna described as large, upright lizards. The monstrous pair stood around eight feet tall and had long, protruding jaws filled with razor-sharp teeth. They did nothing but stand there, for around twenty seconds or so, after which, Anna explained, the outside porch was enveloped in blackness and they vanished from view. Her first thought was to call the local police. But, she felt – almost certainly correctly – that filing such an incident with law-enforcement officials would very likely cause her even more problems. Instead, she quickly packed a bag, carefully opened the door, raced to her car, and spent the next three days staying at her mother’s place, just over the Ohio River. It was the end of a shocking and unforgettable incident. If you, too, get a late-night knock at the door, be very, very careful.
“A squat grey building of only thirty-four stories. Over the main entrance the words, CENTRAL LONDON HATCHERY AND CONDITIONING CENTRE, and, in a shield, the World State’s motto, COMMUNITY, IDENTITY, STABILITY.” ‘Brave New World’ by Aldous Huxley
The opening paragraph of Aldous Huxley’s ‘Brave New World’ introduces the Central London Hatchery where fetuses are engineered and nurtured in artificial wombs. Published in 1932, the fictional dystopian world has crept slowly towards reality. This week, it took a big leap with the announcement that scientists in China have developed an artificial womb to contain a fetus and an AI robotic nanny to monitor and care for it. How did that novel end?
Is this the new nursery?
“The in vitro embryo culture online monitoring system developed in this paper can track and record the morphological characteristics of the development process without affecting the embryo development, and provide a basis for the evaluation of embryo development and the optimization of the in vitro culture system.”
The South China Morning Post (SCMP) reports on the release of a paper in the Journal of Biomedical Engineering by from the Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology touting the development of an artificial womb-and-nanny combo they claim is already caring for mouse fetuses in their lab. The “long-term embryo culture device” sounds like something out of an old horror movie – a system of clear fluid containers with controllers and oxygen tanks underneath a magnifier which allows the AI nanny and the researchers to watch the embryo grow. (See a drawing here.)
Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology
The technology could eliminate the need for a woman to carry her baby, allowing the fetus to grow more safely and efficiently outside her body, say researchers behind project.
Photo: Shutterstock
The AI nanny collects data and, according to India Times, can even rank the embryos on overall health and potential. Yes, that sounds like it’s right out of ‘Brave New World’.
“(This technology will) not only help further understand the origin of life and embryonic development of humans, but also provide a theoretical basis for solving birth defects and other major reproductive health problems.”
All of this comes from a country with a drastically declining birth rate that hasn’t responded to the end to limits on the number of children a couple can have. this is also a country which has banned surrogate mothers of the human kind. It’s also a country which ignores the laws and ethical agreements of other countries which limit research on human embryos to 14 days before they are destroyed.
Do you need some Soma (the happiness-producing drug of ‘Brave New World’)? Is this the beginning of a real brave new world of artificially ‘hatched’ babies? Are there plans for childhood indoctrination programs, well-defined castes based on intelligence and physical abilities, and training programs specifically designed for each? Does it sound dystopian anymore?
Is this the new day care center?
Think about the trauma being wrought upon many people who send their DNA to be tested and find they were not raised by their real parents/sperm-and-egg-donors, or that their father was a serial sperm donor or their birth mother was a surrogate. Now imagine that person being the product of a “long-term embryo culture device.” If it works, will these children become the norm and the rest become the “savages”?
How did ‘Brave New World’ end?
“The sun was already high when he awoke. He lay for a moment, blinking in owlish incomprehension at the light; the suddenly remembered – everything. “Oh, my God, my God!” He covered his eyes with his hands.”
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Black Triangle UFO Over Beijing, China June 24, 2021, Video! UFO Sighting News.
Black Triangle UFO Over Beijing, China June 24, 2021, Video! UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: June 24, 2021
Location of sighting: Beijing, China
Hey check out this huge black triangle UFO seen over Beijing, China back in June of 2021. Its absolutely amazing. This UFO is at least 200 meters across and moves slowly across the sky at about 10km per hour! So slow and yet so huge! I do speak Chinese since I lived in Taiwan for the last 24 years. The male eyewitness yells, "fuck," several times (sounds like the word "cow") and the woman says, "what is it? Look, look!" You can hear the family chatting in the background about what it could be and the confusion they clearly and understandably felt. This UFO was checking out Beijing ahead of the Olympics controlled by the CCP. Makes me wonder, do they see humans as foolish or great in allowing China to continue with the olympics? Or both?
Aliens are probably confused at how and why the world allows the Olympics to be held by a country responsible for the release of covid-19. Think I'm wrong? Just check the John Hopkins Uni Covid states board. It says total deaths 5,724,794. Can you forgive the CCP for that? Think thats big...its continuing to grow. See the John Hopkins site here
This is something you don't see everyday. Photos of planet Mercury that were taken on different days...shows a shapeshifting alien structure in the center of a crater! Due to a glitch on NASAs side, they placed the same crater next to the same crater, but on different days or months later...resulting in a serous conflict. Each crater is clearly the same, yet the structure within it has changed shapes. If the inhabitants are not biological, but instead are AI, then this would explain how such a thing is possible. However humanity is still grasping the concept of biological intelligent life forms existing in the universe...and now they have to grasp the existence of AI life forms. The truth is undeniable. AI life exists on Mercury.
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Salta Resident Records UFO Over San Bernardo, Argentina, Video, 1-30-2022, UFO Sighting News.
Salta Resident Records UFO Over San Bernardo, Argentina, Video, 1-30-2022, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:January 30, 2022
Location of sighting:San Bernardo, Argentina
Argentina is a UFO hotspot and this recent video is excellent poof of that. On Sunday, between 23:00 and 24:00 hours, Matías Beltrán was talking on his cellphone on the slopes of Cerro San Bernardo when a twinkling green light on high caught his attention, flying in a suggestive trajectory. He ended the call, focused his device on the light, and was able to see a strange object through the camera lens. "It came and went, changed trajectory, and within a few minutes, it lost itself in Cerro San Bernardo. I wasn't scared, but I was moved to record it as evidence of something that one doesn't see every day," said the young witness to El Tribuno. He can be heard to say in the video, with great aplomb: "That thing looks like a UFO. It has been flying around for a long time, remains still, and then changes direction. I'm in Salta Capital, at Cerro San Bernaro. What I am seeing is truly impressive."
Mystery object sending radio signals every 18.18 minutes
Mystery object sending radio signals every 18.18 minutes
Australian researchers have discovered a strange spinning object in the Milky Way they say is unlike anything astronomers have ever seen.
The object, first spotted by a university student working on his undergraduate thesis, releases a huge burst of radio energy three times every hour.
According to phys.org the pulse comes "every 18.18 minutes, like clockwork," said astrophysicist Natasha Hurley-Walker, who led the investigation after the student's discovery, using a telescope in the Western Australian outback known as the Murchison Widefield Array.
While there are other objects in the universe that switch on and off, such as pulsars, Hurley-Walker said 18.18 minutes is a frequency that has never been observed before.
If you do all of the mathematics, you find that they shouldn't have enough power to produce these kind of radio waves every 20 minutes, it just shouldn't be possible the astrophysicist said.
The object may be something researchers have theorized could exist but have never seen called an "ultra-long period magnetar". It could also be a white dwarf, a remnant of a collapsed star, but that's quite unusual as well.
On the question of whether the powerful, consistent radio signal from space could have been sent by some other life form, Hurley-Walker conceded that this is not an artificial signal.
But it is remarkable that the pulse comes every 18.18 minutes like clockwork!
It seems that this object is in relation with time and space, related to the number 9 which is a hidden code that reveals the highest truth of all and is encoded into the construction of our universe.
Pulse mystery object comes every 18.18 minutes:
Now look:
Pulse 18.18 minutes: 1+8-1+8 = 9+9=18=1+8=9
Pulse 36.36 minutes: 3+6-3+6 = 9+9=18=1+8=9
Pulse 54.54 minutes: 5+4-5+4 = 9+9=18=1+8=9
And did you know that the;
Moon diameter is 2160 miles: 2+1+6+0=9
Earth diameter is 7920 miles: 7+9+2+0=18 =1+8=9
Sun diameter is 864 000 miles: 8+6+4=18=1+8=9
Speed of light is 186,624 miles per second:1+8+6+6+2+4=27 =2+7=9
and about time;
1440 minutes a day:1+4+4+0=9
86400 seconds a day: 8+6+4+0+0=18=1+8+0+0=9
10080 minutes in a week:1+0+0+8+0=9
525600 minutes in a year:5+2+6+0+0=18=1+8=9
So, if the number 9 is in relation with space and time then is it a coincidence that this mysterious object emits a radio signal every 18.18 minutes, no it seems to be well calculated by intelligent design possible performed by an unknown higher power of the distant past.
New video from Chris Lehto about the tic-tac and the CAP point
New video from Chris Lehto about the tic-tac and the CAP point
Tic-Tac engagement on 14 November 2004. How did the Tic Tac UAP know where the CAP point was? Was there a lot of Jamming? How did Chad Underwood lock the Tic Tac? If there was jamming?
NEW SPACECRAFT WOULD TAKE OFF ON A RUNWAY AND FLY DIRECTLY TO SPACE
NEW SPACECRAFT WOULD TAKE OFF ON A RUNWAY AND FLY DIRECTLY TO SPACE
WHOA.
RADIAN AEROSPACE
Prepare for Take Off
When you think of going to space, images of powerful rockets taking off from a launch pad probably come to mind. Now, one startup wants to change that by developing a spacecraft that would take off directly from a runway like an airplane.
Radian Aerospace, a Washington-based aerospace group, announced last month that it had secured $27.5 million in funding to develop the “first fully reusable horizontal takeoff and landing” space plane, a press releasefrom the company said.
The crafts would be single stage, which means no pesky boosters to accidentally jettison into the Moon. It would also be fully reusable, thereby cutting down the costs of space travel even more.
“We believe that widespread access to space means limitless opportunities for humankind,” Richard Humphrey, CEO and co-founder of Radian, said in the release. “Over time, we intend to make space travel nearly as simple and convenient as airliner travel.”
First-Ever Space Plane
While two-stage rockets such as NASA’s Space Shuttle have been in use for a long time, no one has been able to develop a single-stage spacecraft yet. If Radian can pull this off, it would be a major first that’d drastically cut down on a lot of the costs and technical headaches associated with space travel.
The plan now for the plane design, dubbed Radian One, is to carry a crew of five and up to 5,000 pounds of cargo, Freethink reports. The craft would launch on top of a rocket-powered sled that will rapidly accelerate down a runway before yeeting the plane into low earth orbit.
The idea would be to conserve the fuel on the Radian One, while being able to reuse the rocket sled for future missions.
Time will tell whether or not the space plane will ever take off. If it is developed, though, it could usher in a bold new era of space travel. Heck, it might even make Elon Musk’s self-landing rockets look archaic in comparison.
US Top Insiders Claim Imperceptible Beings Are All Around Us
US Top Insiders Claim Imperceptible Beings Are All Around Us
Over the past few decades, several insiders have boldly accepted the existence of UFOs and hinted at the phenomenon being around us all the time, and that our reductive senses are limiting our ability to perceive it. The discussion onAlien-UFO theoryhas already become a hot topic in the mainstream media. The governments of powerful nations have started considering investigating the issue with full throttle. In the midst of it, experts from various technical and entertainment fields began a worldwide surge with their controversial statements on extraterrestrials.
Robert Bigelow
According to American billionaire Robert Bigelow, famous in the aerospace industry for the manufacture of inflatable modules such as those tested out at the International Space Station, there are extraterrestrial beings living among humans. He has said that he is ‘absolutely convinced’ aliens are living among humans on Earth.
During a 2017 interview with CBS’ 60 Minutes, reporter Lara Logan asked Bigelow if he believes in aliens. He replied: “I’m absolutely convinced. That’s all there is to it.” He further said: “There has been and is an existing presence, an ET presence. And I spent millions and millions and millions — I probably spent more as an individual than anybody else in the United States has ever spent on this subject.
Lara Logan: Do you imagine that in our space travels we will encounter other forms of intelligent life?
Robert Bigelow: You don’t have to go anywhere.
Lara Logan: You can find it here? Where exactly?
Robert Bigelow: It’s just like right under people’s noses. Oh my gosh. Wow.
The FAA confirmed to us that for years, it referred reports of UFOs and other unexplained phenomena to a company Bigelow owns. He told us he’s had his own close encounters, but declined to go into detail.”
Dr. Gary Nolan, a Stanford microbiologist spent the last ten years working with a number of individuals analyzing materials from the alleged UFO Phenomenon. In his interview with Jesse Michels, Dr. Nolan explains how our brains were specifically constructed to entangle with the quantum fields of the universe. He said:
“I mean it’s so far different from us that it’s doing its best to talk to us in ways that it can do. They’re either from another planet in this galaxy or elsewhere. Underground or nearby, or whatever. They just show up to look at us because they’re basically, maybe looking at their past, or they’re interdimensional, or they’re from another level of reality that we don’t understand…
…When your mind expands to a certain point, in terms of what you might consider reality to be, other entities live there.”
Since 2016, Garry has been in possession of and analyzing materials given to him by some of the top “Ufologists” in the country like Jacque Vallee. He’s also consulted for the CIA in studying the brain structures of people who claim UFO encounters. (Click here to read the full article.)
Jacques Vallee
In the 60 years of UFO sightings, very little research has been conducted to discuss the nature of this phenomenon scientifically. When others called the UFO encounters a hoax, Dr. Jacques Vallée took a stand and provided a convincible explanation for them. In his research paper: “TOWARDS MULTI-DISCIPLINARY SETI RESEARCH,” co-authored with Garry Nolan, Vallée explains the phenomenon being in a comprehensive way.
“Because it is hard to imagine all possible life forms, and given the short time that life and consciousness have been scientifically studied (less than one century), it would be prudent not to rule out possibilities that may appear unfashionable. Life may thrive underground and in space, near and far from planets and stars, and under conditions we may now consider prohibitive (13). With the newly essential understandings of quantum physics and quantum information, are “biological brains” the only place consciousness could have evolved?
To this point, new models for the evolution of consciousness and matter are under study that suggest novel possibilities to interpret the nature of reality and which are at odds with a materialistic worldview. This includes the possibility of other forms of communication or contact with alien intelligences that are considered “science fiction” by mainstream science, yet have an extraordinary history of anecdotal evidence. We are speaking of everything from telepathy, empathy, remote viewing, and out of body experiences that may be pointing towards channels of communications beyond what electromagnetic waves can reveal.
Before dismissing such ideas, we need keep in mind that all sensory apparatus our consciousness employs to interpret our immediate universe relies upon electromagnetic waves which propagate as quantum fields. Our sensory apparatus operates in that quantum reality. We perceive quantum information and construct our internal “animal” view of reality—but are we perceiving all information fields enfolding us? Are we consciously aware of everything we are perceiving? Animals, and now humans, are recently understood to perceive magnetic fields. The proteins in our brain that form our neurons sit in a quantum mix where information is transferred in still unfathomable manners. Are those proteins and biologicals completely blind to all forms of information passing through them?”
Also, the list of insiders includes former veteran CIA officer Jim Semivan & ex-Pentagon UFO official, Luis Elizondo who shared similar views on the phenomenon. (Click here to read the full article.)
These examples add some relevance to the subject that there could be a whole new reality out there that the human brain is unable to see. The idea of intelligent life has never been dismissed by scientists and taking it one step further, physicistStephen Hawkingsaid that they could even destroy us. He spoke publicly about his fears that an advanced alien civilization would have no problem wiping out the human race the way a human might wipe out a colony of ants. Is it possible that there is another civilization living among us?
Earth's second 'Trojan asteroid' — a space rock that shares the same orbit around the sun as a planet — has been discovered by astronomers.
Prior to the detection of Earth's first Trojan asteroid in 2010, the space rocks had only been spotted at Jupiter, Neptune and Mars.
This second example, named 2020 XL5, will remain trapped in the same orbit as Earth for at least 4,000 years, according to an international team of researchers.
Trojan asteroids orbit in the same plane as a planet, but don't collide with it because they occur in 'dead zones' where gravitational forces allow the space rock to circle in a 'sweet spot' at precisely the same speed as the planet.
Discovery: Earth's second 'Trojan asteroid' (pictured in an artist's impression) — a space rock that shares the same orbit around the sun as our planet — has been found by astronomers
WHAT IS A 'TROJAN ASTEROID' AND WHERE ARE THEY FOUND?
A 'Trojan asteroid' is a type of space rock that shares the same orbit around the sun as a planet.
They had previously only been spotted at Jupiter, Neptune and Mars prior to 2010.
However, the discovery of 2010 TK7 made Earth the fourth planet in the Solar System that is known to share its orbit with an asteroid.
Now, a decade later, the second of Earth's Trojan asteroids has been spotted by an international team of researchers.
The newly-detected 2020 XL5 is 1,800ft-wide and will remain trapped in the same orbit as Earth for at least 4,000 years.
Experts say it is a great candidate for future fly-by missions.
Trojans orbit in the same plane as a planet, but don't collide with it because they occur in 'dead zones' where gravitational forces allow the space rock to circle at precisely the same speed as the planet.
The newly-detected 2020 XL5 is 1,800ft-wide and is a great candidate for future fly-by missions when astronauts eventually go beyond the moon and the International Space Station, experts have said.
It is also highly likely that there are other Trojans waiting to be found not far from Earth.
The asteroids are important because experts hope their peculiar orbits will help shed light on what the early Solar System was like and how it evolved.
Researchers led by the University of Barcelona used ground-based observations to determine that the 2020 XL5 asteroid is most likely composed of carbon, and may have been ejected from the main asteroid belt by Jupiter.
It was originally discovered on December 12, 2020.
Early observations suggested that it might have been an Earth Trojan asteroid, but experts said that because of low observational coverage, orbital uncertainties were too large for confirmation until now.
Toni Santana-Ros, of the University of Barcelona, studied the orbit of 2020 XL5 with colleagues and combined archival data with observations from three ground-based observatories.
Using this analysis, the scientists confirmed 2020 XL5 to be the second identified Earth Trojan asteroid, after 2010 TK7.
They also carried out an orbital stability analysis and believe that 2020 XL5 will remain in its orbit for at least 4,000 years.
The authors said 2020 XL5 was a larger asteroid than 2010 TK7, which will never get closer than 50-times the distance the moon sits from the us, and may be a better candidate for a future fly-by mission.
They wrote in their paper: 'Trojan asteroids are small bodies orbiting around the L4 or L5 Lagrangian points of a Sunplanet system.
'Due to their peculiar orbits, they provide key constraints to the Solar System evolution models.'
The newly-detected 2020 XL5 (circled above) is 1,800ft-wide and is a great candidate for future fly-by missions when astronauts eventually go beyond the moon and ISS, experts say
Scientists confirmed 2020 XL5 to be the second identified Earth Trojan asteroid, after 2010 TK7 (shown in an artist's impression), which moves above and below the plane of Earth's orbit
The researchers added: 'We confirm that the recently discovered 2020 XL5 is the second transient Earth Trojan known.
'To study its orbit, we used archival data from 2012 to 2019 and observed the object in 2021 from three ground-based observatories.'
They said Trojan asteroids close to Earth 'may become ideal targets for space missions and, in the more distant future, to settle human bases or install scientific hardware that would benefit from their peculiar location'.
Scientists have officially confirmed that there is a second Trojan asteroid accompanying our planet and it is much larger than the first. Additionally, it will continue to share our orbit for at least 4,000 years before traveling away from us.
The asteroid, which has been named 2020 XL5, was initially discovered by astronomers in 2020, but further research needed to be conducted before officially confirming it, which they have just done. It orbits along the same path as our planet. Trojan asteroids are small space rocks that travel along the same stable orbit as a planet as it travels around its host star. Earth already has one previously confirmed Trojan asteroid named 2010 TK7.
2010 TK7 has a green circle around it.
(Via Wikipedia)
After 2020 XL5 was first detected by astronomers with the Pan-STARRS 1 survey telescope in Hawaii, an amateur astronomer named Tony Dunn calculated its trajectory and confirmed that it orbits L4 (this is the 4th Earth-sun Lagrange point which is an area around our planet and sun). Interestingly, the first confirmed Trojan asteroid, 2010 TK7, orbits at L4 as well.
While the researchers at that time did not have conclusive evidence of how 2020 XL5 orbited around our sun, a team that was led by Toni Santana-Ros, who is a researcher at the University of Alicante and the Institute of Cosmos Sciences (ICCUB) at the University of Barcelona (IEEC-UB), observed the space object with the SOAR (Southern Astrophysical Research) Telescope in Chile, as well as the Lowell Discovery Telescope in Arizona, and the European Space Agency’s Optical Ground Station in Tenerife in the Canary Islands.
Their extensive analysis of the space rock conclusively confirmed that it was in fact an Earth Trojan asteroid. Furthermore, it is believed that it is a C-type of asteroid which is black in color and contains a high level of carbon. And they are the most common type of asteroid found in our Solar System. 2020 XL5 is quite a bit larger than 2010 TK7. While 2020 XL5 measures 0.73 miles across (1.2 kilometers), the much smaller 2010 TK7 is only 0.25 miles in width (0.4 kilometers).
(Not 2020 XL5 or 2010 TK7)
According to a statement, 2020 XL5 will only be around for about 4,000 years before traveling on its way. So, that means that 2010 TK7 will eventually be left all alone, right? Not necessarily, as there may be even more Earth Trojan asteroids that have yet to be discovered as Santana-Ros told Space.com, “The discovery of 2020 XL5 as an Earth Trojan, confirms that 2010 TK7 is not a rare exception and that there are probably more,” adding, “This encourages us to keep enhancing our survey strategies to find, if exists, the first primordial Earth Trojan.”
Their findings were published in the journal Nature.
Everyone here knows I love to comb through NASA photos. Well, I came across something unique...something that is 100% proof of intelligent life. There is a person laying down watching the NASA Mars rover from a safe distance away. The person is about 1 foot tall, .3 meters and is laying down, pinkish upper chest, neck and face, radish hair, wearing a dark suit, but has a grey object over one shoulder...looks like a backpack of some sort. There are even footprints behind the person leading up to the location they chose to lay down at.
Hey please help me out and subscribe to my video channel UFO Sightings Daily below. I make no money and have no ads on my videos or site. But you can donate to help me update my software, computer and website. Have a great weekend all.
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Huge UFO Orb landing in Kozhukhova, Russia ??? FULL VIDEO!
Huge UFO Orb landing in Kozhukhova, Russia ??? FULL VIDEO!
Here’s one possible UAP video that’s making a lot of noise in a UFO community recently. It was allegedly taken in Kozhukhova, a discrict in eastern part of Moscow, Russia a few days ago.
What do you think this is? UFO or some ORB or something more terrestrial?
More than 18,000 sherds (also called ostraca), which are jars and vessels that were used to write on approximately 2,000 years ago, were discovered by Egyptologists in ancient Athribis, Egypt. Ancient sherds were a very popular way to write information down by adding ink to a reed or a hollow stick named a calamus.
These sherds that were recently discovered were used to write down lists of names, food purchases, and other bought items. They were also used in schools where children would write down numbers, months, arithmetic problems, the alphabet, and grammar exercises, as well as for a type of punishment where they had to write down the same one or two characters over and over again (an ancient version of writing lines?).
(Not the sherds mentioned in this article.)
Egyptologists from Tübingen, Germany, have been in Athribis since 2003 and were part of a 15-year research project that began in 2005 and was funded by the German Research Foundation. Their focus was to unearth a temple that was built by Ptolemy XII who was Cleopatra VII’s father. The temple was constructed approximately 2,000 years ago for the lion goddess Repit and her consort Min. In the year 380 AD, the structure was turned into a nunnery.
Beginning in 2018, the researchers began excavating an area to the west of the temple where there are buildings with several stories, vaults, and staircases. The remaining part of the site is full of rubble and that’s where they uncovered thousands of sherds. The excavations were led by Professor Christian Leitz from the Institute for Ancient Near Eastern Studies (IANES) at the University of Tübingen, with help from Mohamed Abdelbadia and his team from the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. The writing on the sherds was analyzed by a team of international experts who mostly came from Germany and France.
The majority of the sherds (about 80%) contained an administrative script known as Demotic that was commonly used during the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods. This script was created from Hieratic after the year 600 BC. The second most common script found on the sherds was Greek. The team did find some Hieratic inscriptions, along with some hieroglyphics, Coptic script, and Arabic script.
Ancient Greek sherds from 482 BC.
(Via Wikipedia)
Furthermore, they found pictorial ostraca as described by Professor Leitz, “These sherds show various figurative representations, including animals such as scorpions and swallows, humans, gods from the nearby temple, even geometric figures.”
The fact that so many sherds were uncovered is extremely rare. In fact, such a massive amount has only been found one other time in Egypt, specifically in the workers’ settlement of Deir el-Medina, close to the Valley of the Kings in Luxor. These sherds will certainly provide experts with a better understanding of how life was lived around 2,000 years ago in ancient Egypt. Excavations are still being conducted, so they may find even more interesting objects.
Coptic receipt, issued by a man called Tiberius (likely 6th century).
Credit: University of Tübingen
Naughty pupils had to write lines - hundreds of these tablets were found, with the same symbol usually written on both front and back.
Credit: University of Tübingen
Fragment of a school text with a bird alphabet in Hieratic. On the right, the name of the bird, and on the left, the numbers from 5 to 8, which reflect the position of the letters in the list. (Late Ptolemaic or early Roman period).
Credit: University of Tübingen
Child’s drawing.
Credit: University of Tübingen
Receipt for bread in Demotic. The loaves are distributed in multiples of 5 (often 5, sometimes 10 or 20). Many of the buyers are women. (Late Ptolemaic or early Roman period).
A UFO investigator in Brazil has come forward with a startling revelation – official documents from the Brazilian government detailing UFO encounters with indigenous people between 2013 and 2016, videos of their testimonies, videos of UFOs and evidence of possible alien contact … some which was violent and possibly fatal.
“The investigation by Rony Vernet, engineer and researcher of unidentified aerial phenomena, culminated in the release of more than 120 pages of official documents by the Brazilian government and more than 20 minutes of videos, including the affected indigenous people testimonials as well as a UAP footage filmed by Paula Colares, who was doing her doctoral research in anthropology in the tribe.”
The UFOs reportedly shot beams of light at the people on the ground.
Rony Vernet is an electronics and computer engineer, UAP researcher and the founder of UAP Brazil, where he first revealed the fruits of his Freedom of Information request to the Brazilian government for what were UAP encounters beginning in 2013 by members of the Kampa do Amônia Indigenous Tribe living in the Apiwtxa Village in the sparsely populated, rainforest covered state of Acre in northwestern Brazil on the Peruvian border. While the initial UFO sightings were just that, the documents (read them here) revealed the first violent contact occurred on on July 24, 2014, when a UAP reportedly “descended into the village and fired light beams at the indigenous people.” In an interview with The Daily Star, Vernet shared more from the documents.
“People jumped scared out of the house, which led to one of the women, three months pregnant, to lose the child. According to the people who witnessed the fact, the light – in the colours green and red – is very strong, fast and silent and approaches the house without anyone noticing, with the light low and then increases its bright.”
Vernet says the villagers asked for help from the National Indigenous Foundation (FUNAI), which contacted the Federal Police and the Armed Forces. Meanwhile, the UAP sightings continued into 2015, prompting an investigation to be opened by the Federal Public Ministry after University College London researcher and anthropologist Carolina Comandulli also witnessed one of the UAPs. Coincidentally, the sightings in Apiwtxa village ended in 2015. However, the violent contacts picked up a year later.
“This time in the Kampa and Isolados do Envira indigenous tribe, when a light phenomenon descended and was received with shotgun fire by an indigenous person who then received a beam of light and had to be hospitalized.”
A news account, translated on the UAP Brazil website, says the villagers Indians thought it was a drone at first, but changed their minds when “it burned the beaks of all the lanterns and emitted strong electrical discharges.” Indigenous professor Airton Silva de Oliveira interviews the witness, who told him the UAP “turned on red, blue and green lights” and had an odor of burning tires.
What was the origin of these UAPs?
In addition to the testimonies in the more than 120 pages of official documents, the cache also included more than 20 minutes of videos filmed by Paula Colares (watch them here), who was doing her doctoral research in anthropology with the tribe. The videos are available for viewing on the UAP Brazil website, as are the government documents, which Rony Vernet translated into English.
Federal Police Testimonials - Part 1
Federal Police Testimonials - Part 2
UAP footage obtained by the Federal Police
Kudos are in order for Rony Vernet, whose dogged efforts paid off with the release of the documents and videos, and who later spent countless hours translating them to English. Kudos also go to the researchers who interviewed the indigenous villagers and recorded their experiences, and to Paula Colares who recorded the UAPs.
There’s still one batch of kudos left – for the person(s) who identify what these Brazilian villagers saw.
International Space Station to crash into the Pacific Ocean in 2031, NASA announces
International Space Station to crash into the Pacific Ocean in 2031, NASA announces
BY ALEXANDRA LARKIN
NASA says it plans to retire the International Space Station in 2031 by crashing it into an uninhabited stretch of the Pacific Ocean. Phil McAlister, director of commercial space at NASA Headquarters, said in a press release that the private sector will be taking the lead on the development of future space station projects and that NASA will help ensure a smooth transition.
"The private sector is technically and financially capable of developing and operating commercial low-Earth orbit destinations, with NASA's assistance," he said. "We look forward to sharing our lessons learned and operations experience with the private sector to help them develop safe, reliable, and cost-effective destinations in space."
NASA's aim is to use the commercial ventures to purchase goods and services that the federal space program needs, instead of doing it all on their own. It expects several NASA crewmembers at a time to work aboard commercial space stations by the early 2030s, conducting scientific and medical research in microgravity.
NASA recently published a transition report detailing plans for the final years of the space station, which is expected to be funded for operation through 2030.
"While the ISS will not last forever, NASA expects to be able to operate it safely through 2030," the report says.
When the program has reached the end of its lifespan, NASA intends to "de-orbit" the ISS over an uninhabited part of the South Pacific Ocean called Point Nemo. Mission control will use a series maneuvers to lower the altitude of of the station's orbit and line it up for its descent, before it finally comes down at Point Nemo in January 2031. Thee Russian Progress spacecraft will be required to pull it out of orbit.
A chart showing the descending altitudes planned for the International Space Station as it approaches reentry, expected in 2031.NASA
The station, which launched in 1998, has hosted astronauts from 19 countries in their scientific ventures. The ISS has orbited 227 nautical miles above Earth during its more than two decades in space.
In its announcement, NASA highlighted the Biden administration's commitment to keeping the station open for the next decade, writing that the station is "busier than ever" with crews onboard "advancing the technologies and procedures that will be necessary to send the first woman and first person of color to the Moon and the first humans to Mars."
NASA added that it would encourage and incentivize commercial companies that overtake space duties in 2031 to reach out to students and develop the next generation of space pioneers.
"The future of NASA's missions, to the Moon, Mars, and beyond, rely on the younger generation. Today's youth are tomorrow's Moon and Mars explorers. Today's youth are tomorrow's scientists, engineers, and researchers," NASA wrote.
ISS wordt in januari 2031 uit ruimte gehaald en zal neerstorten in oceaan
Het Internationaal Ruimtestation ISS moet nog negen jaar meegaan en zal daarna uit de ruimte gehaald worden. In januari 2031 keert het terug naar de Aarde, waar het zal neerstorten op het ‘kerkhof voor ruimteschepen’, midden in de Stille Oceaan.
Het ISS verwelkomde zijn eerste bemanning in 2000. Normaal zou het vijftien jaar meegaan, maar zijn levensduur werd verlengd. De regering Biden beloofde dat het nog tot 2030 operatief mocht blijven voor wetenschappelijk onderzoek in de ruimte. Daarna is het definitief voorbij.
In januari 2031 zal het ISS definitief uit de ruimte gehaald worden. Het ruimtestation kan echter niet op eigen kracht terugkeren naar de Aarde. Het zal met de hulp van - vermoedelijk drie Russische - ruimteschepen uit zijn baan geduwd worden en op een traject gezet worden richting Stille Oceaan.
Kerkhof
Bestemming is het ‘kerkhof voor ruimteschepen’, dat officieel South Pacific Oceanic Uninhabited Area heet. Het is een gebied in de buurt van Point Nemo, het meest afgelegen deel van onze planeet. Geen enkel ander punt in de oceaan ligt zo ver van land. Het is de plaats bij uitstek waar afgedankte ruimtetoestellen heen worden gestuurd. Onder het wateroppervlak liggen de verkoolde resten van tussen de 250 en 300 toestellen.
Na 2030 zullen privébedrijven het overnemen van ISS, met de hulp van de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA. Die is momenteel trouwens bezig met een nieuwe missie om mensen op de maan te krijgen. De ervaring die het nog opdoet met het ISS en de reis naar de maan, zal gebruikt worden om een missie naar Mars in de steigers te zetten en tot een goed einde te brengen.
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SpaceX launches third Falcon 9 rocket in 72 hours, breaks fairing reuse record
SpaceX launches third Falcon 9 rocket in 72 hours, breaks fairing reuse record
In one fell swoop, SpaceX has successfully launched the third Falcon 9 rocket in less than 72 hours, broken payload fairing reusability record, and placed the 2000th operational Starlink satellite in orbit.
After a string of delays from January 29th to February 2nd, Falcon 9 finally lifted off at 1:13 pm EST (18:13 UTC), February 3rd with the seventh batch of Starlink V1.5 satellites on a mission coincidentally known as Starlink 4-7. Falcon 9 booster B1061 completed its sixth spaceflight and orbital-class launch without issue, successfully sending an expendable Falcon upper stage and Starlink payload on their way to orbit and touching down on drone ship A Shortfall of Gravitas (ASOG) about nine minutes after liftoff.
And another one.#SpaceXsuccessfully launched more Starlink sats to orbit this afternoon. B1061 flew its 6th flight and also landed on the droneship to be brought back for its next mission. #Falcon9
While one of the rocket’s two fairing (nosecone) halves flew for the fourth time, the other half completed its sixth launch – a new record for fairing reusability approximately 27 months after SpaceX’s first fairing reuse. The record-breaking half likely last supported Starlink V1 L28 in May 2021. A separate half also flew for the fifth time and was recovered in January 2022. In comparison, it took SpaceX 32 months after the first Falcon booster reuse (March 2017) to launch the same booster for the fourth time and 41 months for the sixth time, highlighting both SpaceX’s growing expertise and how much easier reusing a fairing is relative to a rocket’s entire first stage.
Starlink-28: likely the fifth flight of Starlink 4-7’s record-breaking fairing half. (Richard Angle)
With any luck, both Starlink 4-7 fairing halves will have successfully reentered Earth’s atmosphere, deployed GPS-guided parafoils, gently splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean, and been fished out of the water by a SpaceX recovery ship. SpaceX has never discussed its fairing reusability goals, so it’s unknown how many flights each half is nominally designed to support.
Inside that record-breaking fairing was the latest batch of 49 Starlink V1.5 satellites, which weigh about 30-40 kg (65-90 lb) heavier than Starlink V1 satellites and are mainly set apart by the addition of several laser links. Once enough laser-linked satellites are launched, SpaceX will be able to route user communications through space, precluding the need for a ground station to always be within line of sight of each satellite node. Aside from allowing Starlink to serve exceptionally remote users, laser links will also allow Starlink to break into the multi-billion-dollar aviation and maritime communications markets.
Starlink 4-7 – February 3rd, 2022.(Richard Angle)
With Starlink 4-7, SpaceX has now launched 351 Starlink V1.5 satellites, 349 of which are likely functional and about 50 of which have already reached operational orbits. The mission also included the 2000th operational Starlink satellite launched by SpaceX since November 2019, likely raising the number of working Starlink satellites in orbit to just shy of 1900 (of 2016 total).
Starlink 4-7 was SpaceX’s sixth launch of 2022 less than five weeks into the year and the third successfulFalcon 9 launch in 67 hours – a feat of launch cadence that only one other rocket family in history (Russia’s R-7 family) has achieved. SpaceX may have as many as 46 more Falcon launches planned this year.
UFO Near SpaceX SN15 Test, Boca Chica, Texas, May 2021, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Near SpaceX SN15 Test, Boca Chica, Texas, May 2021, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:May 2021
Location of sighting:Boca Chica, Texas, USA
Now this was just sent into me by email from a Russian Youtube subscriber of my channel...UFO Sighting Daily. He said there was a disk near the SpaceX rocket test and the UFO stayed there for many hours. I went back and checked the old feed that is still online. In the video I found that the UFO was seen for about six hours of the eleven hour broadcast. How did no-one else see this? Well, one possible explanation is that the UFO was cloaked and that would make it 99.9% transparent. However what the aliens failed to realize is that UFOs have mass and they displace the clouds around them, causing a thickening of the clouds, which allow us to see a dark disk. This is 100% proof that aliens are closely watching SpaceX rocket launches. But this makes me wonder...is Elon Musk an alien? And are those his alien friends he works with in the disk?
In a second secret mission to a space ark lying at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean somewhere in the Bermuda Triangle, JP (who currently serves with the US Army) describes a multinational rescue mission comprising US, Russian and Chinese soldiers.
The mission was sent to rescue Aztec Indians from Mexico who had been left behind in an earlier mission.
JP explains how the multinational team found the Aztec Indians, and also discovered a powerful portal linking the Atlantic Ark to other arks hidden throughout our solar system.
He says 15 soldiers had inadvertently stepped through the portal while exploring a similar ark on the Moon.
JP describes the multinational rescue mission, how the Chinese, Russian and US soldiers collaborated, and what else lays hidden inside the mysterious arks being discovered on Earth and our solar system by covert military teams.
Are These UFOs Trying To Communicate With Us? Bizarre Flashing UFO Orb Sighted Over Nova Scotia
These objects where witnessed over Glace Bay in Nova Scotia, Canada on January 30, 2022. The witness stated the following:
" Dad and I saw these lights flashing back and forth today (enjoy the live commentary). We didn’t notice the other flashing light to the right until watching this video. They continued to flash rapidly until eventually blinking at the same time and fading out to the left. When I slowed the video down I noticed a pattern from left to right - red, white, white, red,…" When asked if this could have been airplanes, the witness replied "Checked flight radar - no helicopters and only one plane around. I live in a pretty rural area with not a lot of air traffic. No sound here either. I live on the east coast of Canada, right on the water, so it’s pretty unusual for us to see!"
Thanks to IT'S ALL ABOUT GUITAR for allowing me the use of their footage and to view the original: https://youtu.be/7SACLKklMc8
Truck Driver Spots A UFO "Orb" While Driving On I-78 Eastbound In Watchung, New Jersey.
This object was sighted on January 23, 2022 and the witness stated the following:
"I was driving my tractor trailer on I-78 Eastbound in Watchung N.J. and happened to look up and noticed a strange pulsating extremely bright light so I basically pulled over as soon as I could safely and recorded it .I definitely not the moon definitely not the international space station (ISS) and it is definitely not an airplane."
Thanks to Tavis Rivera for allowing me the use of his footage and to view the original: https://youtu.be/d1CBJ_JJkhY
White UFO "Orb" Sighted During Flight From Atlanta, Georgia To New York's LaGuardia Airport.
This was filmed somewhere over Southern New Jersey on January 26, 2022.
The witness stated the following:
"I filmed an orb flying outside the plane I was on. I was heading back to NY LGA from Atlanta and saw this out the window. I have to say that at the beginning of the trip I asked for something to show up. It was a sunny day, clear sky and I was in the mood. I don't know if this is why this showed up but I would say its a nice coincidence. I have to say though, that I am starting to feel that these are not coincidences. " He went on to add. " I tracked the flight info and found that at 4:04 the plane as just east of Philadelphia over southern NJ. I was looking out the east side of the plane. Also, quite interesting, At the end when the orb is moving away, I could barely see it with my eyes because it was so small. The jitter in the video is me touching the screen to focus. At the instance I touched the screen the orb shoots away. It's almost as if it was aware that I was watching it and got spooked with my focus action. So, it's not the orb that was effecting the video, it was me doing the focus thing and I might have affected the orb." The witness used his iPhone 12 max to filmed this object...
This footage was emailed to me.. Thanks to Tom for sending this to me and allowing the use of your footage.
Black Triangular Shaped UFO Spotted Hovering Over Islamabad In Pakistan. January 25, 2022
The witness stated the following:
"I saw this when I was landing my drone, it hovered for over 2 hours at this spot when eventually it got dark and I couldn’t see it anymore." When asked if he had seen it move or leave he replied "It did move but very slowly, never left the area, saw until the sky went completely dark. It had no lights nor was it reflecting the sunlight much." He added "This was around hours before the sunset, Saw this from my roof top."
When asked about the drone he had, this was his reply "I was landing my drone when I saw it, unfortunately had no juice in it or else I could’ve taken some epic footage!!" Indeed, that would have been some great footage...
Strange Light That Can Only Be Seen With Night Vision & V Shaped UFO Sighted Over A Town In Germany
Clip One :This was captured in Porter County in Indiana on January 9, 2022. This bizarre light can only be seem with the use of the night vision and when in normal mode it's invisible. The witness stated "We see them quite often with our night vision camera and have several posted on our channel. This video shows what the sky looks like when the night vision camera is switched to the dusk setting."
Thanks to Contact at 110 UAP Sightings for allowing the use of his footage and to view the original: https://youtu.be/oeaKAmNVFFg
Clip Two:This was sighted on January 24, 2022 at around 11:00am over Göppingen near Stuttgart in Germany at the train station. In this footage this looks like a V shaped or Boomerang shaped craft but what do you guys think?
In this episode, Ward reviews the history of Project Blue Book, the Air Force program for determining the threat posed by UFOs in the 50s and 60s. He also goes over parallels between Blue Book and DoD/DNI efforts today.
“Pirouettes” are something we expect to see done by dancers at the ballet or during the figure skating competition at the upcoming Winter Olympic Games. But in the sky? By UFOs?
“A video made in the Los Naranjos urbanization, located in the El Hatillo Municipality, southeast of Caracas, captured the exact moment in which at least three unidentified flying objects crossed the skies of the Venezuelan capital at high speed, and carried out some pirouettes before disappearing from the scene.”
Remember to hold your hand steady when recording UFOs.
The video described above was reportedly taken at around 10:30 am on Friday, January 21, 2022, by Luis Alfredo Sanz, who claimed to UFO investigator Héctor Escalante of Ovnis en Venezuela (UFOs of Venezuela) that he was sunbathing when he decided the blue sky was pretty enough to share with his family so he took a short video of it. Sanz claims he saw nothing in the sky but blue, but upon later viewing of his phone he “noticed that there were some bright sparks.”
“When making a graphic analysis of the video, presented here in slow motion, it can be distinguished that the three bodies, which are light in color with a dark fragment at one end, and have apparent wings or propellers, do not seem to have similarities. with birds or insects.”
The account posted by Héctor Escalante does not say who did the graphic analysis and includes only still images, with only one showing the non-magnified version. (See them here.) That means we have to take his word that there were three of these UFOs, they were traveling extremely fast and were too high to be drones. Unfortunately, the magnifications seem to contradict the observation that the “three bodies” do not look like birds or insects – in fact, that’s exactly what the magnifications look like. (Take another look.) Escalante provides a link to his blog, but it doesn’t appear to have the original video posted either.
Wait! I need to get my phone!
It’s too bad this recording of three alleged UFOs over Caracas is not provided or better analyzed, since Venezuela has had many good UFO sightings recently and Héctor Escalante is a good source of information – he investigated one in April 2021 over Fort Tiuna Military Complex, one of Venezuela’s most important military installations, and another in March 2021 taken by a cyclist in the Venezuelan Andes. His Instagram page and blog have some other recent reports from different areas of Venezuela. Mediareports on the sighting have no other information either.
Venezuela is a politically volatile country, so some of these UFOs could easily be military operations or surveillance drones. With this video claiming to capture three high speed UFOs over the country’s capital city, it would be helpful to have more information. Because of that, the needle on the UFO Meter is pirouetting between “bugs” and “drones” for now.
While the U.S. government continues to argue about UFO research funding and limits it to military encounters, a university professor in Germany with a longtime interest in unidentified aerial phenomena has set up a camera system which uses artificial intelligence to detect and track any and all UFOs in its field of vision and has algorithms to identify and rule out meteors, lightning, conventional aircraft, birds and other things mistaken for UFOs. Is there a Nobel prize for UFOs and has anyone nominated him yet?
“Most of these observations concern known phenomena or objects such as birds, aircraft, satellites or clouds. But for a very small proportion, the cause remains unexplained even after intensive investigation by experts.”
Not a UFO.
Hakan Kayal is a Professor for Space Technology at Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU) in Bavaria, Germany. He has focused his research on developing and operating technical systems with which UAP can be detected, evaluated and analyzed. The SkyCAM-5 camera system is one of them (more on the other later). Installed on the roof of a JMU building, it has been autonomously watching for UFOs since mid-December 2021. (Photos and specs can be seen here.)
Detected objects on 15. December 2021 (helicopter, birds) by SkyCAM-5
(Photo: H. Kayal)
SkyCAM-5
(Photo: H. Kayal)
Known objects are detected and filtered out by a Convolutional Neural Network, which uses machine learning to improve and fine-tune this operation. With the single-camera system working as planned, Professor Kayal explains in the press release what’s next.
“I would like to equip the camera system with additional infrared sensors to be able to observe the sky in another spectral range. It would also be advantageous to have a tracking system in the form of a telescope that quickly aligns itself with moving objects, zooms in on them and follows them on their path.”
Professor Kayal is also requesting funding for a second SkyCAM-5 next to the first – with that, sensor errors would be eliminated as only anomalies detected by both cameras would be recorded. Once that is tested, Kayal wants to set up dual SkyCAM-5s across Germany, Europe and the world.
AI will eliminate the space objects from the UFOs.
Along with the SkyCAM-5 project, Professor Kayal is also working on placing miniature AI UFO detectors in space. He’s building SONATE-2 – a shoebox-size (30x20x10 cm or 11.8×7.8×3.9 in) satellite with cameras taking pictures of Earth in different spectral ranges with on-board AI similar to SkyCAM-5 which will automatically recognize and classify objects. The intelligence is on the satellite so that the technology can be developed for use on interplanetary missions, which Hakan Kayal confidently refers to as SONATE-X — the X stands for extraterrestrial. SONATE-2 is under development and scheduled to be launched in 2024 by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) with funds from the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) based on a resolution of the German Bundestag.
A couple of days ago I wrote an article here at Mysterious Universe with this title: “Taking a Look at Some of the Most Interesting Figures Tied to the Roswell ‘UFO Crash.'” It highlighted some of the very intriguing aspects of the Roswell affair. So, with that in mind, I thought today I would share with you some interesting – and lesser-known – aspects of the Rendlesham Forest “UFO landing” incident of December 1980 in Suffolk, England. Based upon their personal encounters, many of those who were present believed that something almost unbelievable came down in the near-pitch-black woods on the night of December 26. Lives were altered forever – and for the most part not for the better, I should stress. Many of those who were present on those fantastic nights found their minds dazzled, tossed and turned – and incredibly quickly, too. The incidents involved American military personnel who, at the time it all happened, were stationed in the United Kingdom. Their primary role was to provide significant support in the event that the Soviets decided to flex their muscles just a little bit too much – or, worse still, planned on hitting the proverbial red button and ending civilization in hours. Maybe, even in minutes. Depending on who you ask, those who were were in the area came face to face with a crashed Soviet satellite, a secret drone-type craft, extraterrestrials, an early stealth plane, time-travelers, and a top secret experiment involving mind-manipulation. It’s clear already that the Rendlesham affair was confusing from the beginning. Perhaps, though, we might get a few answers to what really happened. And from some who knew more than the rest of us.
(Nick Redfern) A Mystery that still continues
In November 2000, Georgina Bruni’s Rendlesham-themed book was published. Its title: You Can’t Tell the People. I found from Georgina that in late December 1980 a team from the U.K.’s biological-chemical facility in Wiltshire, Porton Down, was dispatched into the heart of Rendlesham Forest. Dressed in full-body protection (hazmat) outfits, they entered into the woods on a classified operation. It was assumed among those in the UFO research community who Georgina had confided in, that the Porton Down team was there to try and determine what happened over the course of those three nights and to see if there were any chemical or biological hazards still present. Georgina confided in me a list of various characters in this story who knew of the Porton Down ties to Rendlesham. By “a list” I mean she gave me the names of several people who had confided in her. Georgina was clearly worried about what she had uncovered – to the extent that she asked me to sign a sheet of paper that basically stated I would not reveal the names of those sources. It certainly wasn’t a legally-bounding contract, but, out of respect for Georgina, I agreed to take it as exactly that. I’m sure that part of the reason was because Georgina wanted to get the scoop for her own book on the case – which, as an author myself, is something I can easily understand. That said, I also got a feeling that Georgina had certain concerns about publicizing the names of the people who were sitting on the Porton Down story – and who had done so for years. So, the names stayed hidden. Now, onto another intriguing angle that was brought forth by people with something to say.
(Nick Redfern)
The Rendlesham affair: Secret experiments, time-travelers, aliens or something else?
On October 25, 1988 Squadron Leader E.E. Webster of RAF Watton wrote me the following, after I raised questions about RAF Watton’s claimed connections to the Rendlesham Forest case: “Our log book for the period does indeed say that a UFO was reported to us by RAF Bentwaters at 0325 GMT on 28 December 1980 but that is all the information we have.” Apparently, though, it actually wasn’t “all the information we have.” Someone – or an agency – was being decidedly economic with the facts, such as those facts were. Nick Pope revealed that Georgina Bruni’s RAF Police sources knew of a far greater story concerning RAF Watton than the brief one provided to me by Squadron Leader E.E. Webster in 1988. Apparently, on the very same night that staff at RAF Watton recorded the presence of a UFO (on December 28, 1980), a pair of military dog-handlers were patrolling the facility when something very strange happened. The pair was shocked and baffled to see just outside the perimeter fence a number of figures. No, they were not aliens. They were all too human: they were dressed in NBC (Nuclear, Biological and Chemical) outfits, head-to-foot. One of Georgina’s police sources revealed that he and his comrades were interviewed, questioned, and warned to remain silent with regard to what they had seen on that cold, winter’s night. Or, rather, who they had seen.
Now, onto another revelation; this one from a man who wanted to reveal what he knew. The genesis of this part of the story dates back to 1986. That was the year in which the late Graham Birdsall – who ran the popular and successful U.K.-based UFO Magazine – had a notable conversation with a man named George Wild. Back in the eighties, Wild was employed as a prison officer at a facility called Armley Prison. Built in the 19th century, and located in Leeds, England, it is a “Class C” jail, which means the prisoners are considered those who “cannot be trusted in open conditions but who are unlikely to try to escape.” George Wild quietly confided in Birdsall something highly disturbing, something that he had learned from a fellow officer: that on the night of December 27, 1980, the U.K. government’s Home Office was hastily readying local law-enforcement personnel to evacuate several prisons in Suffolk. Wild said that he knew for sure one of the prisons was HM [Her Majesty’s] Prison Highpoint North. It is situated in the village of Stradishall, Suffolk, which is approximately forty-four miles from Woodbridge. As for the primary role of the Home Office, its staff state that: “The first duty of the government is to keep citizens safe and the country secure. The Home Office has been at the front line of this endeavor since 1782. As such, the Home Office plays a fundamental role in the security and economic prosperity of the United Kingdom.” The inference was that the planned evacuations were due to what was happening in Rendlesham Forest.
(Nick Redfern)
Graham Birdsall, Rendlesham and a prison
Still on this matter of significant sources, there’s a story that surfaced on July 31, 1994. The source of the story? None other than Charles Halt, the man who prepared the almost-legendary “Halt Memo” on the Rendlesham case. In a lecture at the city of Leeds, U.K., Halt revealed that only a few hours after the first night of activity in the woods, a C141 Starlifter aircraft, which was used in operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, arrived. A number of what were intriguingly termed “special individuals” exited the plane and made their quick way to the East Gate of RAF Woodbridge. Not even Halt knew what was going on. The team was in the woods for a number of hours, after which they left the woods, took their seats on the plane, and got the hell out of Dodge. What all of this data means – from key figures willing to share what they knew – is that there is still a great deal to be solved when it comes to Rendlesham. Let’s hope even more will come forward with what they know.
There have long been stories of visitors from other worlds showing themselves to the ancients. Such tales are often long lost to history, ancient events lost to the mists of time and only known through hints and clues left in the past. The idea that UFOs and aliens were seen and experienced back through history is nothing new, and there are various stories such as these, very often leaving us frustrated in the absence of any real answers. One such case is that of an ancient Egyptian papyrus that allegedly contained perhaps one of the oldest accounts of alien contact there is, but which has gone on to remain lost and much debated.
In 1953 there appeared a very curious article in a newsletter published by the Fortean Society and dedicated to strange phenomena, called Doubt, also known as Fortean Society Magazine. The article was published by Tiffany Thayer, who co-founded the Fortean Society in New York City in 1931, and was for a time one of its most prolific researchers and writers. The article in question was in relation to a manuscript that Thayer claimed to have received from an Italian-Russian Egyptologist and writer on Africa and the ancient world by the name of Boris de Rachewiltz, who had supposedly retrieved some old papyrus papers left by an Alberto Tulli, a deceased museum director with the Vatican Egyptian Museum. Ancient Egyptian papyrus manuscripts were nothing new or even necessarily particularly bizarre at the time, but these were different in that they would weave a tale of what would appear to be an ancient encounter with UFOs.
Apparently, Rachewiltz had managed to piece together and translate the text on the tattered, fragmented old manuscripts with the help of Egyptologist Étienne Drioton, and had determined them to be from the Annals of Thutmose III, dated to during the 18th dynasty, around 1480 BC, and they had quite the tale to tell. According to the text, numerous witnesses, including an entire Egyptian army, bore witness to a very strange and spectacular sequence of events in the sky, of which it was written:
In the year 22, in the third month of winter, in the sixth hour of the day, the scribes of the House of Life noticed a circle of fire that was coming from the sky. From the mouth it emitted a foul breath. It had no head. Its body was one rod long and one rod wide. It had no voice. And from that the hearts of the scribes became confused and they threw themselves down on their bellies then they reported the thing to the Pharaoh. His Majesty ordered that the scrolls [located] in the House of Life be consulted. His Majesty meditated on all these events which were now going on. Now after some days had passed, these things became more and more numerous in the skies. Their splendor exceeded that of the sun and extended to the limits of the four angles of the sky. High and wide in the sky was the position from which these fire circles came and went. The army of the Pharaoh looked on with him in their midst. It was after supper. Then these fire circles ascended higher into the sky and they headed toward the south. Fish and birds then fell from the sky. A marvel never before known since the foundation of their land. And the Pharaoh caused incense to be brought to appease the heart of Amun-Re, the god of the Two Lands, and what happened was ordered to be written in the Annals of the House of Life so that it be remembered for all time forward.
The scroll itself had apparently been found by Tulli during a trip to Cairo in 1933, during which he had stumbled across it gathering dust at an old antiques and curio shop. Since it had been too expensive for him to purchase, he had gone about making a copy of it, which was then re-copied, replacing the original hieratic script with hieroglyphic. Boris de Rachewiltz then claimed to have found the original papyrus, “untranslated and unpublished,” among Tulli’s belongings after his death and had gone about deciphering the text to come to the shocking conclusion that it seemed to be a description of beings from another world. When word of the papyrus got out with the publication of the article in Doubt, there were some efforts made by researcher and author Samuel Rosenberg, who wrote the book UFOs in History, but he would only become frustrated when a letter to the Vatican asking for confirmation of the story would be met with the mysterious reply, “Papyrus Tulli not proprietary of Vatican Museum. Now it is dispersed and no more traceable.” Rosenberg would continue to try and track the manuscript down, sending an enquiry to a Dr. Walter Ramberg, Scientific Attaché at the US embassy in Rome, who would send a reply reading:
The current Director of the Egyptian Section of the Vatican Museum, Dr. Nolli, said that Prof. Tulli had left all his belongings to a brother of his who was a priest in the Lateran Palace. Presumably the famous papyrus went to this priest. Unfortunately the priest died also in the meantime and his belongings were dispersed among heirs, who may have disposed of the papyrus as something of little value.
And that seems to be where the trail ends, the original papyrus apparently lost, that is, if it ever even existed at all. Although the supposed text has generated much excitement in some corners of the UFO field, and especially among ancient astronaut theorists, there are a few red flags with this particular story. One of the main problems is that it is a translation of a modern transcription of an alleged Egyptian document, so the alleged text likely contained transcription errors, and on top of this, the only real source for the alleged document can be said to be Boris de Rachewiltz. No one else can be truly proven to have ever seen it, and no proper analysis has ever been done on it, nor can it be done because the document seems to have been lost. For these reasons, it is very difficult to ascertain just how legitimate the story is, and it has been regarded as having been a possible forgery or even a hoax conjured up by Tulli or de Rachewiltz himself. It also might have been a hoax put out there by someone else, which was then swallowed hook, line, and sinker by Tulli and de Rachewiltz. Even such eminent ufologists as Jacques Vallee and Chris Aubeck have accused it of being a hoax or forgery, and in the 1968 Condon Report, Samuel Rosenberg would go on record to say that “the papyrus is probably a forgery, made up by a kind of collage of fragments taken from nine different papyruses.” Unfortunately, since none of it can be verified, we will probably never know.
There is also the point to be made that the one who put out the original article on the matter, Thayer, was known as a bit of a loose cannon in Fortean circles. He was known for using his newsletter and organization to expound on all sorts of bizarre ideas, some of which went even against the ideas of Charles Fort, including calling UFOs nonsense and spreading misinformation that the atomic bomb was a hoax, as well as becoming a huge proponent of the Flat Earth theory. Even within his own realm he was by the end of his life being seen as more and more unhinged, further raising some eyebrows about it all, so it could have all been made up by Thayer. In the end, it is just a curious oddity hinting at a possible bizarre historic encounter that may or may no be real, and it is frustrating to think that we will never know for sure, and that this scroll, if it ever existed at all, has been lost to time, just another ancient mystery among many others we will probably never understand.
Discs surrounding so-called evolved binary stars not uncommonly show signs that could point to planet formation. Credit: N. Stecki
Planets are usually not much older than the stars around which they revolve. Take the sun: It was born 4.6 billion years ago, and not long after that, Earth developed. But KU Leuven astronomers have discovered that a completely different scenario is also possible. Even if they are near death, some types of stars can possibly still form planets. If this is confirmed, theories on planet formation will need to be adjusted.
Planets such as Earth, and all other planets in our solar system, were formed not long after the sun. Our sun started to burn 4.6 billion years ago, and in the next million years, the matter around it clumped into protoplanets. The birth of the planets in that protoplanetary disc, a gigantic pancake made of dust and gas with the sun in the middle, explains why they all orbit in the same plane.
But such discs of dust and gas needn't necessarily only surround newborn stars. They can also develop independently from star formation, for example, around binary stars of which one is dying (binary stars are two stars that orbit each other, also called a binary system). When the end approaches for a medium-sized star (like the sun), it catapults the outer part of its atmosphere into space, after which it slowly dies out as a so-called white dwarf. However, in the case of binary stars, the gravitational pull of the second star causes the matter ejected by the dying star to form a flat, rotating disc. Moreover, this disc strongly resembles the protoplanetary discs that astronomers observe around young stars elsewhere in the Milky Way.
This, we already knew. However, what is new is that the discs surrounding so-called evolved binary stars not uncommonly show signs that could point to planet formation, as discovered by an international team of astronomers led by KU Leuven researchers. What's more, their observations show that this is the case for one in ten of these binary stars. "In 10 percent of the evolved binary stars with discs we studied, we see a large cavity (a void/opening, ed.) in the disc," says KU Leuven astronomer Jacques Kluska, first author of the article in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics in which the discovery is described. "This is an indication that something is floating around there that has collected all matter in the area of the cavity."
Second-generation planets
The clean-up of the matter could be the work of a planet. That planet might not have formed at the very beginning of one of the binary stars' life, but at the very end. The astronomers moreover found further strong indications for the presence of such planets. "In the evolved binary stars with a large cavity in the disc, we saw that heavy elements such as iron were very scarce on the surface of the dying star," says Kluska. "This observation leads one to suspect that dust particles rich in these elements were trapped by a planet." By the way, the Leuven astronomer doesn't rule out the possibility that in this way, several planets can be formed around these binary stars.
The discovery was made when the astronomers were drawing up an inventory of evolved binary stars in our Milky Way. They did that based on existing, publicly available observations. Kluska and his colleagues counted 85 of such binary star pairs. In ten pairs, the researchers came across a disc with a large cavity on the infrared images.
A full disc (left); a disc with a large cavity possibly made by planets (right). Credit: N. Stecki
Current theories put to the test
If new observations confirm the existence of planets around evolved binary stars, and if it turns out the planets were only formed after one of the stars had reached the end of its life, the theories on planet formation will need to be adjusted. "The confirmation or refutation of this extraordinary way of planet formation will be an unprecedented test for the current theories," according to Professor Hans Van Winckel, head of the KU Leuven Institute of Astronomy.
The KU Leuven astronomers soon want to verify their hypothesis themselves. To this end, they will use the big telescopes of the European Southern Observatory in Chile to take a closer look at the ten pairs of binary stars whose discs show a large cavity.
Orbital motion of the young binary XZ Tau system. The location of XZ Tau A (lower-left) is fixed in the image and the relative motion of XZ Tau B is shown. The distributions of the radio waves from the protoplanetary disks are shown in gray scale (2015), red contours (2016), and blue contours (2017). The location of each star is shown as a plus sign.
Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), T. Ichikawa et al.
Animated orbital motion of the young binary XZ Tau system. The location of XZ Tau A (lower-left) is fixed in the image and the relative motion of XZ Tau B is shown. The distributions of the radio waves from the protoplanetary disks are shown in gray scale and contours. The location of each star is shown as a plus sign.
Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), T. Ichikawa et al.
Artist’s impression of the young binary system XZ Tau. The two young stars in the system each have a protoplanetary disk around them that is tilted with respect to the other. The two young stars orbit in a plane different from that of either disk.
Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)
The study was published in the journal, 'Astronomy & Astrophysics', in which the discovery has been described.
In the study, the astronomers suggested that even if stars were near death, some types of them can possibly still form planets. If this is confirmed, theories on planet formation will need to be adjusted.
Planets such as Earth, and all other planets in our solar system, were formed not long after the Sun. Our Sun started to burn 4.6 billion years ago, and in the next million years, the matter around it clumped into protoplanets. The birth of the planets in that protoplanetary disc, a gigantic pancake made of dust and gas, so to speak, with the Sun in the middle, explains why they all orbit in the same plane.
But such discs of dust and gas needn't necessarily only surround newborn stars. They can also develop independently from star formation, for example around binary stars of which one is dying (binary stars are two stars that orbit each other, also called a binary system). When the end approaches for a medium-sized star (like the Sun), it catapults the outer part of its atmosphere into space, after which it slowly dies out as a so-called white dwarf.
However, in the case of binary stars, the gravitational pull of the second star causes the matter ejected by the dying star to form a flat, rotating disc. Moreover, this disc strongly resembled the protoplanetary discs that astronomers observe around young stars elsewhere in the Milky Way.
This was an already known fact. However, what is new is that the discs surrounding so-called evolved binary stars not uncommonly show signs that could point to planet formation, as discovered by an international team of astronomers led by KU Leuven researchers.
What's more, is that, their observations showed that this is the case for one in ten of these binary stars. "In ten per cent of the evolved binary stars with discs we studied, we see a large cavity (a void/opening, ed.) in the disc", says KU Leuven astronomer Jacques Kluska, first author of the study. "This is an indication that something is floating around there that has collected all matter in the area of the cavity."
The clean-up of the matter could be the work of a planet. That planet might not have formed at the very beginning of one of the binary stars' life, but at the very end. The astronomers moreover found further strong indications for the presence of such planets.
"In the evolved binary stars with a large cavity in the disc, we saw that heavy elements such as iron were very scarce on the surface of the dying star", said Kluska. "This observation leads one to suspect that dust particles rich in these elements were trapped by a planet." By the way, the Leuven astronomer didn't rule out the possibility that in this way, several planets can be formed around these binary stars.
The discovery was made when the astronomers were drawing up an inventory of evolved binary stars in our Milky Way. They did that based on existing, publicly available observations. Kluska and his colleagues counted 85 of such binary star pairs. In ten pairs, the researchers came across a disc with a large cavity on the infrared images.
If new observations confirmed the existence of planets around evolved binary stars, and if it turned out the planets were only formed after one of the stars had reached the end of its life, the theories on planet formation will need to be adjusted. "The confirmation or refutation of this extraordinary way of planet formation will be an unprecedented test for the current theories", according to Professor Hans Van Winckel, head of the KU Leuven Institute of Astronomy.
Ook stervende sterren kunnen mogelijk nog planeten voortbrengen
Ook stervende sterren kunnen mogelijk nog planeten voortbrengen, zo blijkt uit onderzoek van internationale wetenschappers onder leiding van de KU Leuven. Tot hiertoe was enkel bekend dat planeten ontstaan rond jonge sterren. De ontdekking kan mogelijk leiden tot een grondige aanpassing van de huidige theorieën over planeetvorming.
Al vrij snel, minder dan tien miljoen jaar, na het ontstaan van de zon is de aarde gevormd. Ook andere planeten in ons zonnestelsel zijn relatief snel ontstaan. Er werd dus aangenomen dat planeten vanuit 'jonge' sterren tot stand komen. Dat betekent eveneens dat planeten doorgaans niet veel ouder zijn dan de sterren waar ze rond draaien.
Nu blijkt dat ook stervende sterren mogelijk planeten kunnen doen ontstaan. De onderzoekers hebben daarvoor gekeken naar zogenaamde geëvolueerde dubbelsterren in onze Melkweg. Geëvolueerde dubbelsterren zijn twee sterren die rond een gezamenlijk zwaartepunt draaien. Een van de twee sterren is een ster die aan het einde van zijn leven is. Wanneer een enkele ster sterft, katapulteert die het buitenste gedeelde van zijn atmosfeer de ruimte in, waarna hij langzaam uitdooft. Bij dubbelsterren zorgt de zwaartekracht van de nog levende ster er echter voor dat de uitgestoten materie van de stervende ster in een platte roterende schijf rond de twee wordt gedwongen. Die schijven lijken ook sterk op de schijven die astronomen rond jonge sterren elders in de Melkweg waarnemen.
In die platte schijven van de dubbelsterren vonden de onderzoekers ook tekenen van planeetvorming. De wetenschappers onderzochten 85 van zulke dubbelsterrenparen en vonden bij 10 procent een grote 'caviteit', wat betekent dat er een grote opening te zien is in de platte schijf. "Dat wijst erop dat er daar iets rondzweeft dat alle materie ter hoogte van de caviteit bijeen heeft geraapt", legt sterrenkundige Jacques Kluska (KU Leuven) uit. "Het lijkt erop dat dat het werk is van een planeet."
De onderzoekers zagen bovendien dat bepaalde elementen, zoals ijzer, slechts in beperkte mate aanwezig waren. "Dat doet vermoeden dat materiedeeltjes rijk aan deze elementen werden weggevangen door een planeet."
Huidige theorieën aanpassen
De ontdekking komt onverwacht, zegt Kluska. "We deden een inventarisatie van geëvolueerde dubbelsterren in onze Melkweg. Dat we deze hypothese kunnen formuleren, is bijzonder. Het zou betekenen dat de huidige theorieën over planeetvorming aangepast zouden moeten worden."
De astronomen willen hun hypothese zelf gaan verifiëren. Daarvoor zullen ze het tiental dubbelsterrenparen bestuderen waarvan de materieschijf een grote caviteit vertoont, met de grote telescopen van de Europese Zuidelijke Sterrenwacht in Chili.
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Latest Hubble Image Shows the Star-Forming Chamaeleon Cloud
Latest Hubble Image Shows the Star-Forming Chamaeleon Cloud
Stars form inside vast collections of molecular hydrogen called molecular clouds, sometimes called stellar nurseries or star forming regions. Instabilities in the clouds cause gas to collapse in on itself, and when enough material gathers and the density reaches a critical stage, a star begins its life of fusion.
But molecular clouds aren’t always alone. They often exist in association with other clouds, and astronomers call these formations Cloud Complexes. The Chamaeleon Cloud Complex (CCC) is one of the closest active star forming regions to Earth. It’s further divided into three substructures called dark clouds, or dark nebula. They are Chamaeleon 1 (Cha1), Chamaeleon 2, and Chamaeleon 3.
NASA created a new composite image of Chamaeleon 1 based on Hubble images, and the vivid panorama brings Chamaeleon I to life.
The CCC is a massive star-forming region (SFR) that occupies most of the Chamaeleon constellation. The complex is about 65 light-years wide is about 160 parsecs (522 light-years) away.
There’s a lot going on in this image: dark dusty molecular clouds shelter young stars as they form, other bright blue young stars light up striking reflection nebula, and jets of ionized gas slamming into nearby dust clouds at hundreds of kilometres per second create bright clumps of nebulosity called Herbig-Haro (HH) objects.
When young stars are still forming and accreting material from their surrounding disks, they can emit powerful jets of ionized gas. The jets are also called MHOs—Molecular Hydrogen emission-line Objects. The star emits the jets from its poles and they create MHOs aligned with the star’s rotational axis. Sometimes there are several MHOs near a single star.
In this Hubble image, a protostar sits in the white-orange cloud near the bottom. The narrow jets of ionized gas in this part of Cha 1 create the Herbig-Haro object HH 909A. HHs don’t last long and astronomers can watch as they change over the years.
This is an older Hubble Space Telescope image of the ethereal object known as HH 909A. These speedy outflows collide with the slower surrounding gas, lighting up the region. Image Credit: NASA, ESA, and P. Hartigan (Rice University)
These Hubble images aren’t just for visual enjoyment. Everything about young stars is interesting to astronomers, and Hubble’s succeeded at imaging the environments around young stars, including Herbig-Haro objects. This video shows how the Herbig-Haro HH 46, which isn’t in Cha1, changed in 14 years.
HH 909A will undergo changes similar to the ones in the video. In fact, lots will change inside Cha1, and young stars will drive most of that change. When stars emerge from their dark nebula as fully-formed balls of fusion, their powerful stellar winds will shape the gas that surrounds them. The bright blue nebula is an example of the interaction between the young stars and the gas.
In the nebula in the leading image, the star isn’t energetic enough to ionize the gas. If it were, the gas would then emit its own light as an emission nebula. Instead it’s a reflection nebula, where the light from the star is scattered, making the dust in the cloud visible. Reflection nebulae are often blue for the same reason our sky appears blue: blue light is scattered more efficiently. The scattering is called Rayleigh Scattering after the discoverer, British physicist Lord Rayleigh.
Our Sun was born the same way the stars in the Hubble image were: inside a molecular cloud. Stars form in groups inside these clouds, and our Sun may have had thousands of siblings. In its earlier epochs, the Sun was part of a star cluster, the same types of clusters we see in the sky today.
This is a Hubble image of a giant cluster of thousands of stars called Westerlund 2. Our own Sun was born in a cluster like this and had thousands of siblings. µImage Credit: NASA, ESA, the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA), A. Nota (ESA/STScI), and the Westerlund 2 Science Team
The Sun’s siblings drifted away from one another, and the Sun dispersed the gas and dust in its immediate surroundings long ago. Its stellar wind spread the gas and dust back into the ISM, to eventually be taken up in another molecular cloud and begin the star formation cycle all over again.
But at one time in its early days, our Sun may have had its own reflection nebula. That would’ve been a remarkable sight.
We’ll never know exactly where our Sun formed and whether it had a nebula, or what that nebula might have looked like. But we can gaze at this Hubble image and wonder about it. Each time we look at young stars forming in a cloud complex like Cha 1, with its Herbig-Haro objects, its nebula, and its jets of ionized gas, it’s a glimpse back in time to our own beginnings.
Because, somewhere in the disk of gas and dust swirling around the young Sun, surrounded by thousands of stellar siblings, embedded in all that raucous mayhem, a rocky planet began to take shape.
Filer’s Files Feb. 1 2022 - UFO Attacks Italian Helicopter - PART I
Adelaide on January 12, 2022
Filer’s Files Feb. 1 2022 - UFO Attacks Italian Helicopter - PART I
Major George A Filer III ret USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
Special reports: UFO Attacks Italian Helicopter, Are UFOs/UAPs Time Travelers? UFO Found on Google Map, South Africa, 6KM Tall Tower Found on Mars, The Force Is with Us, Invisibility, Area 51 Tower and Putin Likely to Attack Ukraine.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Arizona, California, Kentucky, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Washington.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Germany, Iceland, Japan, Mexico, Philippines, and England in the United Kingdom
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFOs are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors
Special Projects
UFO Attacks Italian Helicopter
Commander Clarbruno Vedruccio
Episode 5 of “Unidentified”)
Clarbruno Vedruccio, who according to Edoardo Russo and associates from the EuroUfoNet list is “a physics PhD and inventor in EM field area, later integrated into the Italian Navy, is best known for his controversial tumoral BioScanner which he was allegedly proposed fora Nobel prize. He’s been interested in UFOs and active with CUN as a consultant and conference speaker for many years He was the coordinator of Caronia phenomena Civil Protection committee.”
Daniela Giordano’s writes, A short stretch of coast between the sea and the railway, a small village is nestled along a white sandy beach, a tiny cluster of houses, in all about 180 inhabitants, light years away from the lifestyle of the big cities.
This is Canneto of Caronia, in Sicily – a small village not far but perched on a hilltop in the heart of hilly Nebrodi Park, 86,000 acres, the largest protected natural area of Sicily.
Canneto is a characteristic location in the north coast of Sicily, between Palermo and Messina, where the blue of the sea, the sun and the countryside have shaped over the centuries the rhythms of life and mentality than elsewhere today tend to disappear.
But suddenly in this sleepy habitat strange things start to happen. Hundreds of small fires without apparent cause and in unexpected places, from the water pipeline to an abandoned chair, from a moving car to spontaneous activation of central locking of parked cars, cell phones ringing without any calls, batteries which run down all of a sudden. UFOs are often witnessed, and a navigation system went up in smoke, electrical and electronic equipment “become crazy”, and a deviation of the magnetic north of the compass.
Within a short time, the first news of these strange occurrences reaches throughout Europe and the United States.
It all began in mid-January 2004. Without any apparent cause, in the houses of Canneto, appliances catch on fire as well as the sheaths of electric wires – even those not connected.
When informed the Enel, the electric power company, cuts power to the small village. But the phenomenon is still ongoing and, after twenty days about a dozen of new electric streetlights burn out. It is suspected that the cause may be the railway that runs right next to it. The mayor orders the village evacuated. Meanwhile, the police and firemen find no malice despite some of these factors having occurred just before their eyes.
Meanwhile refrigerators, televisions, radios burn out along with the bed of a woman. It seems the grid that supports the mattress has overheated. After a fire in the water pipeline station, too, mayor Pedro Spinnato suspends the water supply and calls a special session of the city council.
The houses, empty and blackened by smoke and fire, are invaded by dozens of technicians equipped with the most sophisticated instruments for measuring electromagnetic fields.
Experts from the Civil Protection, Enel, ARPA (environment protection), the railways company, the three telephone companies operating in the area and two electrostatic and chemistry professors at the University of Messina perform surveys and soil tests.
They are unable to determine a cause.
Meanwhile the inhabitants of Canneto which were housed in hotels or with relatives or friends want to return to their homes or be compensated.
Somebody starts talking about exorcism and the devil and that maybe the presence of a priest could help to resolve the situation.
At the same time, Italian and foreign scientists advance hypotheses and theories that are becoming increasingly difficult to understand, especially after the arrival of volcanologists from the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology that place the monitoring stations for geomagnetic phenomena.
Next begins the judicial phase. The public prosecutor of Mistretta, a little town near Canneto, and another in Naples that are assigned the case. At this point comes a team of experts from the Italian Navy too, while the Attorney General has taken control over the area.
Months went by where residents went to their homes and then have to evacuate again, and a Hydrographic Institute’s vessel operates off the coast to prepare a detailed map of the seabed.
Suddenly the hoses that connect the water pipes to taps in the bathrooms and kitchens of three different houses, unexplained leaks appear. An engineer would say that “it would be a cathodic current located on the pipeline that increase the imbalance geodetic of the soil in the presence of stray charges.”. The unexplained phenomena still continue: a vanity mirror placed in one of two small bathrooms goes on fire three times in 35 hours.
At the same time an entire plantation of eggplant turns into thousands of colors, with serious damage to the farmers who can no longer sell them.
Between the fires and this new development occurs another strange phenomenon: the roots of hundreds of plants of the species Ampelodesmos Mauritanicus, a plant commonly called Mauritanian grass, and only this species, were carbonized up to the root in soil depth, while the upper part has suffered only the superficial burns. The other plant species were completely intact.
On and off, with periods of silence and flare, the phenomena started in 2004 continues over time in the following years without any adequate explanation.
Triangle UFO
To top it off, many residents of Canneto have witnessed several nighttime and daytime sightings of unidentified flying objects! Spheres of light high in the sky, sightings of low-flying triangles and disc-shaped objects and strong luminescence, make their appearance in the sea.
The Civil Protection, who in the meantime had established a research group and organized an operations room in one of the houses of Canneto, wants to let the public know that they are “open” to any explanation if supported by solid scientific evidence.
Although far from having solved what is causing the problem the level of hypotheses and explanations seem to have a surge of quality. While agreeing that the phenomena have to be explained and that the hypothesis “UFO” is not very well seen, they are open to all possibilities.
Jim Dean’s Veterans Today Archive site dated January 13 2013 where he facilitated a translation of researcher Daniela Giordano’s article “Cannot (of Caronia – A Double Mystery Still Unsolved” It contained some findings and conclusions by Vedruccio: Update 6 July 2019:
When fires broke out in Northern Sicily the government sent a helicopter and Clarbruno Vedruccio Special Forces Commander of the Italian Navy were sent to investigate.
Italy openly studies UFOs and has some actual 13,000 sightings.
One report claims a C 2004 military helicopter was chased by UFO and the helicopter was allegedly hit by beam that came from the UFO but was able to land safely. The UFO used a military nuclear beam to damage the C 2004 military helicopter, but this damage could not have been caused by a direct energy weapon. Either the wrong type of helicopter is identified or there were two separate similar incidents.
In this Italian-language interview by the team “Mystery Hunters” of local resident Nino Pezzino concerning the “mysterious fires” he talks about the helicopter incident, saying that the pilot and the Captain felt a vibration, but they did not say anything about it to avoid creating panic.
Vedruccio states on the video that a military helicopter was shot down by a UFO while investigating a series of fires in Northern Sicily, and he can show him photos.
The helicopter was hit by a strange beam but landed safely. The UFO used a military nuclear beam to damage the rotor blades. It did not appear to use direct energy weapons.
It was thought the fires came from the sea.
The Unidentified teaser shows a black and white image with a helicopter and UFO?
Episode 5 of “Unidentified”)
Clarbruno Vedruccio, who according to Edoardo Russo and associates from the EuroUfoNet list is “a physics PhD and inventor in EM field area, later integrated into the Italian Navy, best known for his controversial tumoral BioScanner (which he was allegedly proposed for a Nobel prize. He’s been interested in UFOs and active with CUN as a consultant and conference speaker for many years. He was the coordinator of Caronia phenomena Civil Protection committee.”
The photos it seems come from a local Caronia resident Antonino Spinnato, probably the mayor’s brother who seems to be a “repeater” in terms of numerous UFOs, most seemingly dots in the sky. He links them to UFOs and the mystery rash of fires that plagued the area. See this link to the “Unexplained series.”:
The color photo is of the Caronia location – clearly the same location and at the bottom is one of Spinnato’s photos, showing the “UFO” and helicopter It all seems rather dubious and poorly played out, but let’s wait and see what this episode 6 ending brings to this “paranormal stew” which seems a long way from UFOs, UASs & Nimitz encounters, but I’m sure TTSA will explain it all
“THE PHYSICIST CLARBRUNO VEDRUCCIO, SCIENTIFIC ADVISOR OF GALILEO AVIONICA EXPLAINS THAT THANKS TO THE RESEARCH CARRIED OUT FOR MANY MONTHS, THE PHENOMENA WOULD BE CAUSED BY A PULSED BEAM OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES WITH HIGH POTENTIAL WHO TRAVELS THE SEA TO A HEIGHT BETWEEN THE SURFACE AND 15 METERS
“THIS ELECTROMAGNETIC BEAM IS OF A TYPE COMPARABLE TO THE ELECTROMAGNETIC WEAPONS, DEVELOPED IN RECENT YEARS BY THE GREAT POWERS, BUT IN A WAY COMPLETELY DIFFERENT IT IS ‘VERY CONCENTRATED AND LOOKS LIKE MICROWAVE BEAMS UHF (ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY) TRANSMITTED IN THE BAND 300 MHZ TO 3 GHZ \
Italy searches for alien undersea base
“A helicopter of the Civil Protection and a ship of the Hydrographic Institute of the Navy, armed with special equipment, scours the sea with the intent to verify and identify any artificial bodies or points at the bottom of the sea, which may issue such a beam of electromagnetic waves.
“As late as 2006, the pilot of a Civil Protection Sikorsky helicopter is forced to land on a failure of the blades Seems to have collided with something “invisible” Once on the ground he finds to his surprise that on the three blades of the helicopter something has removed and scratched the paint and the special coating film. The scientific team investigates and excludes the possibility that there may be traces of organic material in the affected parts, in the case that the helicopter could have collided with birds
You will note that Spinnato describes seeing a helicopter flying erratically with an odd object also seen in the sky No reference is made to this “UFO” firing a beam at the helicopter or bringing it down. He describes getting odd skin burns at nighttime. A range of efforts were made to identify the cause of the mysterious fires that were allegedly occurring at the same time Spinnato was taking his “UFO” photos.
One response to the wave of mysterious fires was the formation of the Caronia phenomena Civil Protection committee. A whole range of strange events, beyond the mystery fires and Spinnato’s “UFO” photos & adventures, were reported – a veritable “paranormal stew ” This seems to have led to a deep dive into all things mysterious, with ‘aliens” and “UFOs” apparently near the top of the woodpile of eclectic explanations for some. This seems a thin explanatory leap Just because some things are not easily explained should not require a leap to aliens.
But TTSA and the History channel seem to have dived into that loop.
That episode on History ‘s “Unidentified” show
Blade Damage
“The investigation then in progress had found “only” an altered change in the electrical conductivity inside the blades ”
“And in a confidential file is possible to read the conclusions reached by the Italian authorities, “ advanced military technologies also of not terrestrial origin, in the future could expose entire populations to unintended consequences The incidents of Canneto di Caronia may have been attempts to military engagement between unconventional forces, or a non-aggressive test in order to study the behavior and the actions, in an undetermined sample territorial sparsely populated ” While intriguing the fact remains that there still does not seem to be a strong correlation to a confirmed UFO And there is no indication that anyone saw a “beam” being fired by Spinnato’s “UFO” at the helicopter
Two Gateways at different planets and time travel is possible
It appease possible that time traveling humans are from the future Aliens have claimed they are our ancestors from the past and we are not evolutionary apes Different dimensions may encompass different times When the earth is a particular spot in its travels in space the year whether in the past or the future may be observed or visited Earth travels about 1 6 million miles (2 6 million km) a day, or 66,627 mph (107,226 km/h) Time may depend on the location of the planet
Related: I have spoken to persons who identified themselves as being time travelers who accomplish certain tasks for the government, they claimed to be able to travel to other planets, to the past or the future and warned me to stay out of D C They visited Jerusalem at the killing of Christ and many years ahead with most cars running on electric motors
Remote viewers such as Ingo Swan claim to visit the crucifixion of Christ and the future
The Bible claims time in Heaven is compared to a blink of an eye for us on Earth Nothing is ever dead, it just depends on how you look at it
Jesus was a “shapeshifter” according to ancient text Those who believe in Jesus claim to have ever lasting life A Thousand Years As One Day |
For every hour that passes by in Heaven, how much time has passed by on Earth? Let, a = 24 hours b = 1,00 years Thus, b/a = 41 66 years (41 years, 7 months, 27 days, 14 hours, 24 minutes) for every minute that passes by in Heaven
How much time has passed by on Earth? Let, a = 24*60 minutes b = 1000 years c = 12 months The time on other planets may be quite different from Earths
John 3:36 ESV – Whoever believes in the Son has eternal life
An ancient manuscript describing Jesus’ ability to change his appearance was found hidden in an old and covered cistern where a monastery once stood in an Egyptian desert
Therein the authors explained how an advanced technology could theoretically bend space and time around a craft as a form of propulsion through something called a warp drive — which doesn’t violate the cosmic speed limit
Although scientists say that warp drives are theoretically possible, “further advances in quantum physics, quantum mechanics and metamaterials” are still needed to make them a reality, according to Joseph Agnew – an engineer and research assistant from the University of Alabama in Huntsville’s Propulsion Research Center
Whether UFO technologies come from humans alone, or whether humans had help from beings not of this world, the technology involved appears to be capable of warping space time due to maneuvers that seem to break the laws of physics
I was exploring on Google Map when I came across a metallic disk landed in South Africa It’s hidden in a grove of trees and far from any city The object looks like a classic disk with a pointed hump at its center One photo even shows a huge circle around it similar to that of a crop circle, but then disappears in the next photo months later It looks like this is a landing location of an alien craft that attempted to hide its existence from the world.
The pilot has created a dirt road to the area and is probably in a city nearby manipulating the direction the human race will go by introducing new technology, cures, ideas and such This needs further investigation We need someone on location I’ll ask around to see if it’s possible to get more info on it
Date of sighting: March 2017 Location of sighting: International Space Station Source: History Channel
Now this same video was circulating for a few years, but this is the first time that I have heard that NASA takes credit for it truly happening This white alien craft lew near the ISS during a spacewalk so that they can see the human astronaut in action Watching on computer screens is not like really being there and aliens think so too
There are a lot of UFOs in space, a lot of species with ,space faring capabilities. Maybe one day humanity will join them on other planets, moons and systems.
Date of discovery: Jan 2022 Location of discovery: Planet Mars Google Coordinates:31° 3’48 78″S 74°15’18 46″E
There is a tower on the planet Mars that’s on all the versions of Google Mars map there are seven but one of them won’t allow it visible the clearest of them The version choices are on the far left on the map.
When I measured this tower, it was over 3 7 miles(6km) tall! That’s amazing! No mountain could
ever exist that was so tall and thin This was created by intelligent beings, far more advanced than humans. This tower is so big, it could hold over tens of thousands of people. It has been abended ones, but it’s a perfect structure for mato take over and adapt the alien technology so that humans can survive on Mars
This isn’t the only structure on Mars There are thousands of structures many kilometers across NASA have been hiding it to keep China and Russia from finding out and thus creating a race to Mars to take over some of these ancient cities. The country that does will be a world power for centuries to come
Thanks to Scott C Waring – Taiwan
Invisibility
Jack Sarfatti writes: In this paper, a new structure is proposed which is expected to realize dual-band electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like effect in terahertz spectrum It can be regarded as a metamaterial of grating-like elements composed of dual-band U-shaped resonators The near-field coupling between bright modes can produce EIT-like effect After optimizing the parameters, our numerical simulated results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis The EIT-like effect can significantly reduce the group speed near the transparent window, may gain more significant potential applications in slow light transmission and optical storage
British and Portuguese researchers may have solved one of the biggest problems facing interplanetary travel how to get astronauts there and back without deadly solar radiation frying their DNA and setting off a cascade of cancers and related diseases The answer? A force field to ward off solar particles generated by a powerful electromagnet onboard a spaceship “The idea is really like in ‘Star Trek’, when Scotty turns on a shield to protect the starship Enterprise from proton beams,” researcher Bob Bingham of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory near Oxford, England, told Agence France-Presse “It’s almost identical, really ”
A recent NASA study had concluded that manned missions to Mars would be impossible, because the lead shielding to protect astronauts during the 18-month return trip would be too heavy to get into orbit
And in December 2006, a solar flare and the stream of charged particles that followed it caused the crews of the International Space Station and space shuttle Discovery to take cover behind heavy equipment even though, being in low Earth orbit, the ISS is reasonably well protected by the Earth’s magnetic field The idea of generating a force field is several decades old, but all previous versions of it had presumed a huge field hundreds of miles across and the size of the electromagnet needed would make that impossible Bingham and his colleagues, who bombarded a small generated field with radiation guns, showed the “bubble” could be a lot smaller, just a few hundred yards in diameter The device still wouldn’t shield the crew from rare, but extremely powerful, interstellar cosmic rays, but Bingham said a dense protective coating applied to a spaceship’s hull would take care of that Thanks to Agence France-Presse
Area 51 Tower
Tower
The two photos taken from Google Earth showing an approximate 180-foot-tall black triangular monolith on the northwest side of Area 51. My height estimate is based on the length of the shadow of nearby water tower at Area 51. The average water tower is 120 feet tall to make a stable and standard water pressure at the tap. The shadow of the monolith is approximately 1.5 times the length of the shadow of the water tower, hence 180 feet tall. Thanks to Joe Abegg,
Putin Likely to Attack Ukraine
Expect surprise and shock by Soviet tanks with maximum lethal force
By Peter Rough, Russian President Vladimir Putin, believes that Russia should command a sphere of influence in which his European neighbors aren’t entirely sovereign. This sets up a clash in those front-line states bordering Russia, which are also partners, or even allies, of the United States. Regarding Ukraine, President Biden now faces a choice: Is he committed to the decades-long U S vision of a free Europe, or is he willing to accept a Russian sphere of influence?
In June, three months after Biden issued his Interim National Security Strategic Guidance to promote the belief “that democracy holds the key to freedom, prosperity, peace and dignity,”
Putin published a widely read essay, dubbed by some an invasion manifesto, which described the “harsh and artificial division of Russians and Ukrainians” as “the use of weapons of mass destruction against us (Russia).”,
In December, Putin ordered a major military buildup along the Ukrainian border Putin is confronting Biden’s words and actions in a test of wills — and the results to date are discouraging.
Putin has lured Biden into a trap by preying on the ingrained view, prevalent among progressives, that de-escalation is the height of diplomacy. By manufacturing a crisis, Putin has enticed Biden into talks on the costs of de-escalation, which Putin has priced as a Russian say over Ukraine, if not Eastern Europe altogether. Biden’s reaction has only confirmed Putin’s view that he’ll be met with talks, rather than reprisals. “We’re having meetings at a higher level [with Russia to explore] whether or not we can work out any accommodation as it relates to bringing down the temperature along the eastern front,” Biden told reporters recently
Putin’s aggression is predicated on Biden’s weakness with Russia and China as Communist Chinese planes threaten Taiwan.
Upon taking office, Biden chilled relations with both Eastern Europe’s most important country, Poland, and its most obvious Russian target in Ukraine. Instead, he embraced Germany and sought to repair ties with Berlin by waiving sanctions against the Nord Stream 2 pipeline (shown below), which snakes across the Baltic Sea directly from Russia to Germany, bypassing Ukraine’s’ pipeline in the process.
U.S. State Department Vows if Russia attacks Ukraine, the Nord pipeline will be a hulk of metal in the Baltic Sea.
Biden is now doubling down on this posture His team is coordinating a response with our Western European allies, chief among them Germany, and issued threats of transatlantic economic sanctions should Russia launch an incursion. Putin is operating under the assumption, likely correct, that Washington will not take any steps that put it significantly at odds with Berlin
This poses a problem. After 16 years with Angela Merkel at the helm, Germany is now led by the Social Democratic Party, whose upper ranks are known for soft-pedaling Moscow. Berlin has balked at supplying Kiev with defensive weapons, reportedly blocking such transfers at NATO recently, and it long has opposed Ukraine’s path to NATO membership, famously vetoing such a step at a summit meeting in 2008 In his first major address before the Bundestag last week, the new German chancellor, Olaf Scholz, called for “constructive dialogue” with Russia while warning the Kremlin of major economic consequences — “high costs,” as he put it — should it invade further
It is not hard to imagine Biden delivering a similar speech with only cosmetic alterations Already, Biden has dismissed a military option, declaring that he will not deploy U S troops to Ukraine, and slow-rolled the provision of military equipment to Kiev That many of the same officials at the helm in Washington today served in government when Putin annexed Crimea in 2014 will not have been lost on Moscow, either The U S insists that it rejects spheres of influence, but Putin sees only a feckless and weak U S administration
Now, to the consternation of much of Eastern Europe, he has made explicit the limits of U S military support for Ukraine
Putin views himself in an advanced stage of conflict with the West. He will not be deterred by the threat of economic sanctions, especially given Europe’s addiction to Russian natural gas. Once Ukraine is destabilized, the pipeline will lose its importance
Putin has probed Biden’s commitment to Ukraine and discovered its hollow For all of Biden’s emphasis on democracy, the world is awaking to the realization that his commitment to a Europe whole and free may end where Russia says its sphere of influence begins Far from deterring Putin, Biden is emboldening him — and, at some point, Ukraine will pay the price Thanks to The Hill in Hudson Institute
Jet Stream brings exceptionally cold air to Midwest, South and East US on January 30,2022. Chinese HAARPs likely caused jet stream to climb up into Canada before bringing freezing temperatures, high winds and snow,
Strange Craft
The True Story of an Air Force Intelligence Officer’s Life with UFOs
U S Air Force Major George Filer belongs to the generation of pilots and airmen who first became aware of the strange aircraft showing up in the Earth’s atmosphere after World War II These men – military professionals who flew planes, served as radar operators and air traffic controllers at airfields around the world – began to whisper amongst themselves about encounters with suspected extraterrestrial aircraft
During secret debriefings at U S bases, pilots and air crew told their commanders of seeing UFOs off their plane’s wings Award-winning investigative author John Guerra spent four years interviewing Filer, a decorated intelligence officer
From objects in the skies over Cold War Europe to a UFOs over during the Cuban Missile Crisis to lights over the DMZ in Vietnam Filer leaves nothing out about his Air Force UFO encounters,
Filer’s most memorable case – the shooting of an alien at Fort Dix Army Base in 1978 – is fully recounted for the first time in this book. As a member of the Disclosure Project, military experts, astronauts, and scientists urge the U S government to release all it knows about UFOs to the public
Filer describes his UFO encounters in this incredible book, by John L Guerra
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Filer’s Files Feb. 1 2022 - UFO Attacks Italian Helicopter - PART II
Adelaide on January 12, 2022
Filer’s Files Feb. 1 2022 - UFO Attacks Italian Helicopter - PART II
Major George A Filer III ret USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
Special reports: UFO Attacks Italian Helicopter, Are UFOs/UAPs Time Travelers? UFO Found on Google Map, South Africa, 6KM Tall Tower Found on Mars, The Force Is with Us, Invisibility, Area 51 Tower and Putin Likely to Attack Ukraine.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Arizona, California, Kentucky, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Washington.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Germany, Iceland, Japan, Mexico, Philippines, and England in the United Kingdom
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFOs are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors
UFO Sightings in the United States
Sightings are from MUFON CMS
Arizona Light
Phoenixthe California object in Filer’s Files below looks very similar to the picture I took in Phoenix (My Photo DSC03334A). To the honor and glory of God, Who created all, Extraterrestrials included. Love and light, Dan Johnson
California Object
Edwards AFB on January 24, 2022, an eyewitness recorded a glowing object reported over Edwards Air Force Base and may have been aliens investigating the US military There are hundreds of reports of not just UFOs, but also alien encounters at US military bases These are usually covered up or ignored by the US government as being nothing more than a weather balloon or the reflection of Venus This is an alien craft observing, recording and researching the reactions they get when flying over a USAF base Scott C Waring
Kentucky Lights
Pineville – on November 10, 2021, I went out and I see a falling star as it passed just beyond the mountain top, it stopped It lit the entire mountain up The intensity of the light was unlike anything I’ve ever seen It was there for almost a half an hour I took a bunch of pictures and ran inside to try and get anyone to come out, and when I came back it was gone
New Jersey Lights
Vernon on January 6, 2022, I was driving home heading north on Route 515, and saw small yellow safety lights low in sky I saw a plane descending and flying towards me The object was, at least 60 feet or more in diameter and 40 feet high It hovered over the top of the tree line and had red and green lights in sequence The body of it was slightly reflective dark metal I was driving slow and the UFO was very close Going around the bend I could no longer see it
New York Lights
Poughkeepsie on March 3, 2021, we were driving NW on the Taconic in NY We looked in the sky and noticed some odd lights and decided to record video footage The hovering lights were in a triangle pattern We kept driving so eventually lost sight of it
NorthCarolina Object
Middlesexsaw the star-like object as a blurry line and as it approached, he saw a bow-shock wave in front of a bright red orb. The object was 50° above the horizon and heading toward an airplane for 2 minutes. Case 112248: My fireball story was in 1965, I was 7 years old, and the space race was going strong. My parents were hosting a PTA party in Chico, California A tremendous roar drowned out the party music as a huge flaming fireball flew slowly by at 1000 feet followed by f 104 fighters
South Carolina Object
Buffalo on January 13, 2022, I was looking out my backyard and saw an object that appeared to be moving slowly heading ENE The metallic object made no sound and appeared to be floating. The sun was reflecting off it so I couldn’t determine the size, but was a half-mile or more away It was shaped like a cylindrical “L”
Note:I don’t know what this object is If it is a balloon, I have never seen one like it Thanks to Will Pucket/www ufosnw com/newsite/
Washington Lights
Port Orchard – on January 12, 2022, I am familiar with local flight patterns for planes, so I immediately was puzzled because these lights were brighter than a plane’s landing lights Also their formation wasn’t in the normal path of planes arriving from the north
Worldwide UFO Sightings
Australia Cylinder
Adelaideon January 12, 2022, a Tic -Tac shaped object flew over my house this morning, it came out of the west and was last seen heading south It made no sound
Germany Lights
Ingolstadt –on October 24, 2021, I saw an object with these four lights, it only stands in the sky and wasn’t moving in any way
Iceland Object
Rangárbingeystra on November 24, 2021, we went to a glacier, and I took some photos, and found these silent objects in the sky It looks like there’s two objects in the photos that I never saw so it’s very strange’’
Mexico City–– on December 24, 2021, while visiting the Teotihuacan pyramid ruins, I saw and took a picture of a possible UFO on top of the temple
Philippines-Light
Angeles City– on January 17, 2022, I took a photo of the moon and later noticed the light blue object to the right
Note: The object is not real and is likely due to the reflection of the Moon onto the lens of the camera Thanks to Will Pucket/www ufosnw com/newsite/
UK/England Object
Hinchley wood, Surrey – on January 12, 2022, the thing I observed was flying straight upwards without a trail I observed it for several minutes before it started going northwest Nothing like I’ve ever seen before
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August Conference August 27 to 29, 2021 in Las Vegas
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Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women Georgie Filer and Eddie Pedrick my grandsons who both drowned. These files could not be published without the help of my beloved wife who cooks, cleans, washes, etc., and handles the finances. We pray that God will bless those who read these files spiritually
Ruimtetelescoop Hubble legt drie sterrenstelsels vast in één indrukwekkend beeld
Ruimtetelescoop Hubble heeft een fascinerend beeld gemaakt van drie sterrenstelsels dicht bij elkaar. Twee daarvan lijken in te werken op elkaar en samen de vorm van het fictieve ruimteschip USS Enterprise uit ‘Star Trek’ aan te nemen. De groep sterrenstelsels staat bekend als NGC 7764A en bevindt zich op een afstand van zo’n 425 miljoen lichtjaren van de aarde in het sterrenbeeld Phoenix.
Op het beeld zien we lange slierten van sterren en gas die zich beginnen uit te strekken van bij de twee sterrenstelsels rechtsboven. Alsof ‘ze allebei zojuist met grote snelheid zijn ingeslagen’ en ‘door het bowlingbalachtige sterrenstelsel linksonder de chaos zijn ingeslingerd’, schrijft NASA zelf bij de foto. In werkelijkheid vinden interacties tussen sterrenstelsels over een enorm lange periode van naar schatting een half miljard jaar plaats, en botsen ze ook zelden frontaal op elkaar.
De twee sterrenstelsels rechts lijken in te werken op elkaar, maar het is onduidelijk of er ook interacties zijn van het derde sterrenstelsel met de twee andere. Dat lijkt alvast niet uitgesloten, omdat ze zich relatief dicht bij elkaar bevinden in de ruimte.
Opvallend is dat de twee op elkaar inwerkende sterrenstelsels het beroemde ruimteschip USS Enterprise uit de tv-serie ‘Star Trek’ lijken te vormen, vanuit ons zonnestelsel gezien toch.
De foto kwam tot stand dankzij twee krachtige camera’s, specifiek ontworpen om beelden van objecten in de ruimte met een hoge resolutie te schieten.
Volledige fotocredit:ESA/Hubble & NASA, J. Dalcanton, Dark Energy Survey, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Fermilab (FNAL), Dark Energy Survey Camera (DECam), Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), NoirLab/National Science Foundation/AURA, European Southern Observatory (ESO); Acknowledgment: J. Schmidt
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1,000-Year-Old Chuiwan Golf Balls Discovered In China
1,000-Year-Old Chuiwan Golf Balls Discovered In China
Mainstream history would have you believe the modern game of golf originated in 15th-century Scotland. Golf's first major, and the world's oldest tournament in existence, was The Open Championship (British Open), which was first played in 1860 at the Prestwick Golf Club in Ayrshire, Scotland. However, knocking pitted balls into holes with sticks was a favorite pastime of ancient Chinese elites. Now, a ceramic ball which is currently on display at the art gallery of Pingdingshan University, in central China's Henan Province, is one of more than “1,000 ceramic balls used in a golf-like ball game in ancient China.”
A court painting depicting Ming dynasty Emperor Xuande playing Chuiwan, but the Chuiwan golf ball seems to be out of bounds.
On 26 April 2006, a symposium was held in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing which inspected hundreds of restored artistic ancient Chinese works related to Chuiwan, the so-called “origin of modern golf.” Welcoming the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the Palace Museum and China Golf Association , established a special subject research group on the sport of Chuiwan in ancient China, with the aim of conducting in-depth research on the ancient Chuiwan game culture .
Now, Chinese media have announced that the university found the ancient Chuiwan golf balls in its extensive ceramic collection. They also discovered several ball molds, and semi-finished ceramic balls associated with the ancient game long called Chuiwan. Similar to golf players knocked pitted balls into holes using carefully shaped-sticks, and for this reason the game is known as Chinese golf. In Chinese, Chui means to “hit” while Wan means “ball.” Therefore, Chuiwan means “to hit a ball.”
Visually Similar To A Golf Ball, But Functionally Opposite
Cui Lequan, from the research institute of sports culture development, under China's General Administration of Sport, said this is “the first time” that archaeologists in China have discovered so many Chuiwan balls. The balls date back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and archaeologists have unearthed around 1,800 balls from porcelain-making kilns dating to the Tang, Song (960-1279) and Yuan (1271-1368) dynasties.
Most of the ancient Chinese golf balls measure around 5 centimeters (2 inches) in diameter and were fashioned as pottery. Many reports on this story casually say the porcelain dimples are parallel to those on modern golf balls, but they are not.
The dimples in the Chinese balls are for added traction on a surface, allowing the player to curve the balls. According to Scientific American , most golf balls have between 300 and 500 dimples which create the lift and drag that influences the ball's trajectory, and the overall distance it can fly. So, let’s not be comparing apples with oranges just because they’re both round.
A Chinese boy and woman in ancient style dress playing Chuiwan golf.
Located between Luoyang and Kaifeng, two ancient capital cities, the Pingdingshan region was a center of high-quality porcelain handicrafts, and it was likely the largest production hub for Chuiwan balls, said Cui Lequan. The researcher believes the balls represent important reference materials for studying the origin and development of the ancient Chuiwan golf ball and stick game.
The Ancient Golf website says Tang Dynasty Chuiwan players included not only emperors and ministers, but also people from all walks of life, and that these ancient “polo” competitions got quite intense with two teams of opposing players charged with hitting ceramic balls into the opponents’ goal, like in modern hockey.
Field hockey was a popular game in ancient Egypt and the game is illustrated in tombs dating to 4000 years ago, and a similar ancient game was played with sticks and a ball in Scotland, called shinty. Chuiwan, therefore, was an ancient Chinese cross between hockey and shinty, and you can only imagine how you might yell at the gods if you got one of these bad boys in the shin!
Top image: A ceramic Chuiwan golf ball (R) and a modern golf ball (L) displayed in an art gallery at Pingdingshan University, Henan Province, China.
What the heck are these things at the space station? UFO Sighting News.
What the heck are these things at the space station? UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: February 1, 2022
Location of sighting:International Space Station
Source: NASA Live Cam
I was watching the live cam when suddenly some glowing golden objects began to move past. The objects appear metallic since they are gold and have a slight brown, green hue to them. Some are small but others are as big as the space station. At first I thought them to be clouds...but never in my life have I seen such clouds. Then maybe space junk...satellite debris, rocket debris in orbit? But I have never seen such technology in use ever! Perhaps its urine and waste being dumped by the ISS astronauts? Well, you see, NASA spent tens of millions of US dollars developing a machine they placed on the space station that recycles all bodily waste, so that it can create fresh drinking water for the astronauts. I'm not sure if the Russians see it this way, but NASA astronauts have no choice. Still, these things on camera do not look like waste. But sometimes they seem to phase in and out of visual...as if they are inter-dimensional ships in earths orbit. It does seem likely that future humans could be looking back in time studying us in their own habitat to better understand their past.
UFO Fleet Over Nova Scotia, Canada Jan 2022 UFO Sighting News.
UFO Fleet Over Nova Scotia, Canada Jan 2022 UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: January 2022 Location of sighitng: Nova Scotia, Canada
Source: MUFON
Some flashing lights were seen in the sky over Canada last week. The lights were traveling together and turned on and off, not flickering, but flashing. They were communicating with one another using the flashes. The objects kept their distance and may have gone unnoticed had it not been for the flashing lights every so often. There is an alien base in Northern Canada...that just so happens to have a diamond mine right over it! No joke. I believe these UFOs came from there. The diamond mine was so angry that I published some photos of a UFO with a beam of light from it taken by a miner on a smoke break, that they even tried to hire a lawyer to get me to take the photos down. Nope, I did not. Click here to see that old 2012 post...which reveals an aline base below the Daivik diamond mine.
Dad and I saw these lights flashing back and forth today (enjoy the live commentary). We didn’t notice the other flashing light to the right until watching this video. They continued to flash rapidly until eventually blinking at the same time and fading out to the left. When I slowed the video down I noticed a pattern from left to right – red, white, white, red,… Checked flight radar – no helicopters and only one plane around. I live in a pretty rural area with not a lot of air traffic.
Hey, there is a statue just laying on its back on the side of a hill on Mars. The rover drove just ten meters from it. Its about one meter long from head to feet and it has a lot of detail to it. It's not human by any means, but it is a bipedal species. It has two legs, to arms, broad shoulders...and a long head with an extended cranium. This artifact just screams out ancient alien culture on Mars. Not sure if its even possible that NASA missed it, but probably decided the photos would probably never be seen by the public, however we got lucky and here it is. 100% proof of ancient aliens on Mars...and they were intelligent enough to make statues!
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Pilot caught UFO over Atlantic City, New Jersey including Audio
Pilot caught UFO over Atlantic City, New Jersey including Audio
Apilot flying a Diamond DA40 light aircraft described a highly unusual object mirroring his aircraft's maneuvers while flying at more than 2,000 feet above Atlantic City, New Jersey on September 16th, 2018.
The incident report included audio from the FAA's interview with the pilot that occurred shortly after the event.
The person filing the report is also an Air Force KC-135 aerial refueling tanker pilot and is very familiar with this particular airspace. You can listen to the pilot’s call to an air traffic controller.
The pilot indicates that while he was familiar with drones, it was hard to concretely identify what he saw. He mentions the strange v-shaped antenna and a payload hanging off the bottom of the object. Adding to the physical description, he indicates that it did not appear to be a fixed-wing aircraft, read more about this strange encounter at thedrive.com/thewarzone
Video: Unidentified Aircraft Encounter Over Atlantic City 9/16/18 Air-To-Air
Video: Unidentified Aircraft Encounter Over Atlantic City FAA Pilot Interview
RELATED VIDEO : Unidentified: Naval Pilot's Shocking UFO Encounter (Season 1) | History
This is a rerun of Erich von Däniken’s Conscious Life Expo presentation from 2019.
Erich von Däniken has 200,000 pictures in his archives, covering every mysterious place on the planet. He has published 39 books concerning the visit of E.T.s in mankind’s deep past. Since his first book Chariots of the Gods, published in 1968, Erich von Däniken has continued his research in the field of ancient archeology and brings a new and modern emphasis to our other-world ancestry. And he makes it absolutely clear: this planet was visited by E.T.s in the past. Our stone age ancestors looked at these visitors as “the gods.” In retrospect this was a big mistake – creating false mythologies and religions.
Just about everyone knows of the July 1947 “UFO crash” outside of Roswell, New Mexico. There are, however, some fascinating stories – and equally fascinating characters – in the overall picture that take things in a very different direction. So, today, I’m going to share with you several figures and their findings and claims. And all tied to the legendary incident. We’ll begin with the late Kathy Kasten. Kathy was a feisty contributor to the now-defunct online discussion forum, UFO Updates. She was also a good friend. Much of Kathy’s research was focused on mind-control and Roswell, subjects that had fascinated her for years. And, as Kathy’s investigations progressed, she found herself looking more and more into a certain installation in New Mexico. It was directly connected to the Roswell enigma.Its name: Fort Stanton. Yes, the very same Fort Stanton that has popped up previously with regard to (a) people with extreme physical handicaps and (b) Japanese balloons. On August 7, 2012, Kathy died from a cardiac arrest. And, her family very generously handed her files over to me. When I read Kathy’s voluminous Roswell files, I found that she had been looking deeply into the Roswell affair – not from the perspective of it being a UFO crash, but, a disaster involving human guinea-pigs used in high-altitude experiments, some handicapped and others Japanese people.
(Nick Redfern)
Aliens or Secret Experiment?
It was 2005 when I wrote my first “secret experiment”-themed Roswell book, Body Snatchers in the Desert. And my follow-up book, The Roswell UFO Conspiracy, was published in 2017. I was very pleased, however, to see – as I went through Kathy’s files – that she had uncovered pretty much the same data as me. But, as the files reveal, Kathy got there before anyone else: in the latter part of 1989. Have a look at this from Kathy and what she wrote in one of her journals: “My research has uncovered the fact that the American Government was testing many different types of aircraft at the time of the Roswell crash; some of it for the purpose of forming the basis for a future space program, and perhaps even one that involved American-Japanese ex-internees from a New Mexico detention camp.” The facility Kathy was talking about was Fort Stanton. It just happens to be situated in Lincoln County, New Mexico. Lincoln County is the same county where the legendary crash occurred in 1947. Not everyone – of course – believes that Roswell was a secret, government experiment; but – when it comes to the matter of a sickening experiment that went badly wrong – Kathy got there before anyone else. Now, onto another figure.
Moving on, there is the saga of a man named Conrad Zerbe. His name rarely surfaces and he is someone who even most Roswell researchers have failed to pay much attention to. Few researchers ever interviewed the now-dead Zerbe; although Bill Moore did in the early 1980s. Zerbe’s link to the Roswell saga revolves around the matter of a certain, large number of photographs taken out at the crash site of the whatever-it-was that came down on the ranch in the summer of ’47. A Roland S. Cliff, a Colonel Loomis, a Mr. Bohanon, and a Captain Ed Guill were in the know, when it came to (A) the matter of what happened and (B) who knew what the photos really showed. In 1980, when the Moore-Berlitz-Moore book, The Roswell Incident, was published and received publicity, Zerbe mused on the possibility of revealing what he knew. Before he had the chance to do so, however, one day in late 1980 there was a knock at the door of his California-based home. Zerbe opened the door and was confronted by a plain-clothes man who flashed government (Air Force) I.D.
(Nick Redfern)
The Legendary Crash Site Outside of Roswell, New Mexico
Thirty-three-years after Roswell, Zerbe was what is, today, termed a “person of interest.” Zerbe was told he was not in any trouble, but (there’s always a but in these situations…) the man added that he knew Zerbe had expressed a desire to go public (how he knew is anyone’s guess). It would not be a wise move, Zerbe was told. He got the message – even though it was a very brief message. No explanation was given as to why Zerbe should stay silent, when people like retired Major Jesse Marcel had not been threatened. In all probability, it was due to the fact that Zerbe knew precisely what the photos showed, too – just like certain colleagues at the old Roswell base in ’47. Somewhat oddly the man in the suit had brought with him a couple of sodas. He significantly lightened up, too, and he quickly changed the subject to what Zerbe had been up to since he left the service, years earlier.
Maybe five or six minutes after chugging back the soda Zerbe began to feel strange. He was spaced-out and found himself rambling on to the man and answering his every question without hesitation. He was hit by vertigo and vaguely heard voices in his head. It was whispered mumbling that he could not understand. And then? Nothing. Zerbe had no recollection of the rest of the conversation, or of what happened to the man. He never saw him again, though. It was as if around thirty minutes of time had been wiped from existence. Zerbe suspected, though, that as the soda was bottled, and with screw-tops, that something mind-warping had been surreptitiously put in the drink before the man called and the bottle-top had been carefully replaced and tightened. Zerbe also wondered if after the chemicals hit hard, the man returned the conversation back to Roswell. Although, admittedly, this was just Zerbe speculating. Beyond that, Zerbe didn’t say much, at all.
(Nick Redfern)
My first book on the Roswell Experiment
Now, let’s focus on one Dr. Lincoln LaPaz of the University of New Mexico. Master Sergeant Lewis “Bill” Rickett – of the Counter-Intelligence Corps (CIC) was someone who many Roswell investigators believe knew exactly what happened on the Foster Ranch in July 1947. At the time of the mysterious event, Rickett was the Non-Commissioned Officer-in-Charge at the Roswell Army Air Field. Years after the event, Rickett admitted to UFO researchers his presence at the ranch site – along with Sheridan Cavitt, also of the CIC – on July 8. Rickett also shared a few other snippets of data, when the mood took him. For the most part, though, he remained very tight-lipped – even cagey at times – on exactly what took place. Rickett did, however, admit that approximately two months after the crash on the Foster Ranch took place, he liaised on the top secret matter with one Dr. Lincoln LaPaz. At the time, he was the Director of the University of New Mexico’s Institute of Meteoritics. He and LaPaz undertook a secret assignment to try and figure out “the speed and trajectory” of the craft that slammed into the heart of Lincoln County. Reportedly, the pair found a “touchdown” location just a few miles from the ranch, as well as a patch of ground that had been exposed to a significant amount of heat. According to Rickett, the object that hurtled to the ground on the ranch was somewhat bat-winged, but certainly not what anyone would call a flying saucer – which is an important point, given that all the talk at the time was of saucers and disks. There is, however, something else; something very important.
(Nick Redfern)
One particularly important fact that many Roswell researchers have not realized, is Dr. Lincoln LaPaz’s connection to the issue of Japan’s Fugo balloons. In 1945, the University of New Mexico issued a press-release titled “New Mexican Had Lookout Job For ‘Japanese Germs.'” It revealed a certain, previously secret, aspect of LaPaz’s life, and it reads as follows: “Dr. Lincoln LaPaz of the University of New Mexico was in the thick of the fight against Japanese plans to send disease germs into America by balloon, said President J.P Wernette of the University today. Commenting on stories from the Navy in Washington revealing that use of germs and viruses in the Jap balloon-barrage was an enemy project as the war came to an end, Dr. Wernette said that Dr. LaPaz, head of the department of mathematics and the University’s Institute of Meteoritics, was with the government’s secret anti-balloon project during the war.” So, we see yet another Japanese connection to Roswell.
Like it or not, much of the story this article tells, suggests that Roswell really was a secret experiment gone disastrously wrong. And not the crash of an alien spacecraft.
An enormous impact crater thought to have been created by a meteorite the size of a house smashing into Earth has been discovered in the Antarctic ice sheet.
Scientists conducting a routine aerial research flight above East Antarctica noticed a strange ring-like structure in the normally flat and featureless ice.
It appeared to be a series of broken 'icebergs' surrounded by a 2km (1.24 miles) wide circular scar, surrounded by a few other smaller circular scars in the ice.
Scroll down for video
The 2km (1.24 miles) wide ring above is thought to have been caused by a meteorite that smashed into the ice
The researchers later found two separate studies reporting that a meteorite fell in the area in 2004.
The solar system is teaming with debris of ice and rocks in orbit around our sun.
Occassionally these come close enough to the Earth to interact with the planets atmosphere, causing a streak of light in the sky.
The debris that makes it to the surface are known as meteroites.
They can vary in size from tiny grains to large boulders and form impact craters when they strike the surface at between 26,800mph 44,700mph.
One of the largest meteorite found on Earth is the Hoba meteorite from southwest Africa, which weighs roughly 54,000 kg (119,000 pounds).
Scientists predict that a meteorite around 30-50m (98 to 164 feet) across is capable of forming a 1km (0.6 miles) crater, will occur around every 1,000 years.
However, the last impact of this size that we know of took place 55,000 years ago.
Small but potentially devastating events such as the 1908 Tunguska impact in Russia are likely to occur every few hundred years.
In February 2013, a meteor thought to be part of a family of asteroids orbiting around 93 million miles from our sun, streaked across the sky above Chelyabinsk, Russia.
It exploded with the force of 500 kilotons at a height of around 18 miles in the atmopshere, creating a bright flash and a cloud of dust.
It is thought that some fragments made it to Earth, however, and small fragments have been recovered from impact craters made in the ice.
An impact crater created by the meteor that exploded over Chelyabinksk in February 2013
One reported a series of infrasound - low frequency sound capable of traveling huge distances below the limit of human hearing - detected on 2 September 2004.
They estimated that the falling object would have landed on the ice shelf.
The findings suggests that a house-sized meteorite broke up in the atmosphere over Antarctica before the remains smashed into the ice sheet.
Dr Christian Müller, a geophysicist from surveying company Fielax, was the scientist who first spotted the impact crater.
He said: 'We were on a routine measuring flight near to the coast and we were flying above a small ice bluff.
'I looked out of the window and saw some unusual structures in the surface of the ice that were some broken ice looking like icebergs that is very unusual on a very flat ice shelf surrounded by a large wing shaped circular structure.
'I've never seen something like that before. My first thoughts were that it might be an impact structure from something from space like a meteorite.'
The researchers, who are part of the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany, had been flying on a Basler BT-67 aircraft called Polar 6 over an area that is known as the Princess Ragnhild Coast of Queen Maud Land in Antarctica as part of a survey to study the rock beneath the ice.
They were also using magnetometers to measure small disturbances in the magnetic properties of the bedrock to help determine more about the terrain.
As they flew over the Antarctic coast on 24 December 2014, Dr Müller spotted the large circular scar on the King Baudoin Ice Shelf, which forms over the ocean.
The team then later returned to the site on 26 December, taking photographs and video of the site as well as using a laser to create a topographical map.
They also used radar to help build up an image of the interior of the ice shelf beneath the circular structure in the hope of seeing what lies beneath it.
The remains of the impact site was found on an ice shelf off the Princess Ragnhild Coast of East Antarctica. The researchers had flown from Princess Elisabeth Research Station while scientists at the Australian Davis Research Station had spotted debris from a suspected meteorite heading towards the area in 2004
Six infrasound stations (marked by black triangles, detected the noise waves created by the meteor as travelled around the world, allowed scientists to pinpoint the source above East Antarctica as can be seen where the lines cross in the diagram above from a research paper in the Journal Earth Moon Planet
The scientists were flying in a Basler BT-67 aircraft called Polar 6 (above) from the Princess Elisabeth Station
They are still processing detail but Dr Graeme Eagles, a geophysicist and leader of the Alfred Wegener Institute's geophysical survey team at Princess Elisabeth Station, said that it appeared the ice and snow on the top part of the ice shelf had been disturbed
He said that this data should help to confirm that it was a meteorite that had caused the crater.
He said: 'We can't say that with any confidence at this point. We can say we've found something very unusual.
'However, there are two very promising prior results - the infrasound data and the observed dust trail in 2004 - which support the hypothesis that this structure could have been created by a meteorite impact and certainly support the decision to collect more data for further analysis and investigation.
'The Australian study estimates that the body that left the debris they measured would have likely been about the size of a house and that it may have broken up on its way though the atmosphere.
'Interestingly enough, when we flew out to the circular structure in the ice on December 26th, we also spotted a number of smaller circular and sub-circular structures in the ice as well, which is consistent with the conclusion of the Australian study.'
An image from NASA’s Aqua satellite of the meteor’s dust trail one hour after it is thought to have exploded above Antarctica in September 2004. The dust was spotted by Australian researchers in Antarctica at the time
Geophysicist Dr Christian Müller, above, spotted the impact crater from the window of the Polar 6 aircraft
Dr Müller and his colleague Tobais Binder (above) were conducting a survey on board the Polar 6 aircraft
Research by the Australian scientists after they saw the meteorite debris above Antarctica inn 2004 suggested that it was around seven to ten metres (23 to 33 feet) wide and weighted between 600 and 1,900 tonnes.
They estimated that it exploded in the sky above Antarctica with the force of 12,000 tonnes of TNT and was travelling at a speed of 29,080 mph.
The debris created by the explosion would then have crashed to Earth, smashing into the ice.
Dr Eagles said that the team were now considering drilling down into the ice beneath the crater to see if they can find out more about what caused it.
Dr Eagles added: 'if this object did break up before hitting the ice shelf, that perhaps some of the pieces were not travelling with enough energy to penetrate the ice shelf, and may have settled on or within it.
'We may find evidence of a dust layer in the ice surrounding the crater beneath 10 years of snow accumulation. I think that would be worth having a look at.'
The scientists used radar carried in the nose of Polar 6, seen above, to peer through the ice in the crater
Meteorites hit the Earth frequently, but few are big enough to cause any damage and occur in remote areas
Beste bezoeker, Heb je zelf al ooit een vreemde waarneming gedaan, laat dit dan even weten via email aan Frederick Delaere opwww.ufomeldpunt.be. Deze onderzoekers behandelen jouw melding in volledige anonimiteit en met alle respect voor jouw privacy. Ze zijn kritisch, objectief maar open minded aangelegd en zullen jou steeds een verklaring geven voor jouw waarneming! DUS AARZEL NIET, ALS JE EEN ANTWOORD OP JOUW VRAGEN WENST, CONTACTEER FREDERICK. BIJ VOORBAAT DANK...
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
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![NASA has confirmed the details of the four civilian astronauts that will spend a week living and carrying out experiments on the International Space Station in April]({"default":{"load":"default","w":"63","h":"36","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AASq7Wr.img?h=356&w=634&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f"},"size3column":{"load":"default","w":"62","h":"35","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AASq7Wr.img?h=351&w=624&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f"},"size2column":{"load":"default","w":"62","h":"35","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AASq7Wr.img?h=351&w=624&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f"}})
SpaceX on target to launch a rocket a week in 2022,...![Axiom Space, the private space company developing its own module for the ISS, will operate the trip, sending the four to the station on a SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule]({"default":{"load":"default","w":"63","h":"42","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AASq9Zo.img?h=422&w=634&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f"},"size3column":{"load":"default","w":"62","h":"42","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AASq9Zo.img?h=416&w=624&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f"},"size2column":{"load":"default","w":"62","h":"42","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AASq9Zo.img?h=416&w=624&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f"}})
![Stibbe (left) will be joined by Larry Connor (right) and Mark Pathy (second right), and led by retired NASA astronaut Michael López-Alegría (second left), who has traveled to space four times and is now the vice president of Aximo Space]({"default":{"load":"default","w":"63","h":"41","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AATrh1U.img?h=413&w=630&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f&x=308&y=139"},"size3column":{"load":"default","w":"62","h":"41","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AATrh1U.img?h=410&w=624&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f&x=308&y=139"},"size2column":{"load":"default","w":"62","h":"41","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AATrh1U.img?h=410&w=624&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f&x=308&y=139"}})
![The microlensing event MOA-11-191/OGLE-11-0462 as observed by Hubble.]({"default":{"load":"default","w":"80","h":"32","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AATtRBU.img?h=324&w=799&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f"},"size3column":{"load":"default","w":"62","h":"25","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AATtRBU.img?h=253&w=624&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f"},"size2column":{"load":"default","w":"62","h":"25","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AATtRBU.img?h=253&w=624&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f"}})
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