Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 10 MONTHS.
ON 06/04/2024 MORE THAN 1.951.050
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
30-11-2022
Waanzinnige ontdekking in de diepte: is dit het langste dier ter wereld?
Waanzinnige ontdekking in de diepte: is dit het langste dier ter wereld?
In een onderwaterkloof voor de kust van Australië vond een waanzinnige ontdekking plaats op ongeveer 600 meter diepte. Het gaat om een lang gelatineachtig wezen dat in een reusachtige spiraal hangt. “Het was als een touw aan de horizon. Je kon het niet missen”, zegt Nerida Wilson van het West-Australisch Museum aan de Britse krant 'The Guardian’.
De lengte van het dier bedraagt maar liefst 45 meter. Dat is dubbel zo lang als een blauwe vinvis. Het gaat hier om een buiskwal, waarschijnlijk een nieuwe soort uit het geslacht Apolemia, een groep die er meestal uitziet als een in de knoop geraakte sjaal. De spiraalvorm zorgt ervoor dat ze veel eten binnen krijgen. Talrijke stekende tentakels creëren een muur des doods in het water, waarin kleine prooien, waaronder schaaldieren en vissen, gevangen zitten.
Duikboot
Het dier werd toevallig ontdekt, dat gebeurt wel vaker bij diepzee-onderzoek. De wetenschappers wilden het leven op de zeebodem bestuderen, en kwamen deze drijvende kwal toevallig tegen toen hun onderzeeër onderweg was terug naar het schip.
Het schip, Falkor, zond live beelden uit van de duikboot. Wilson beschrijft hoe iedereen aan boord gefascineerd en verbaasd was toen de enorme spiraal in beeld kwam. Iedereen zwermde naar de controlekamer om het beter te kunnen zien. “Het was zo’n prachtige energie”, zegt Wilson. “Iedereen had zoiets van: ‘Wat is dit?’”
KIJK.
Het gaat om een lang gelatineachtig wezen dat in een reusachtige spiraal hangt
Buiskwallen behoren tot dezelfde groep als gewone kwallen, maar ze bouwen hun lichaam op een unieke manier op. Het zijn eigenlijk honderden aan elkaar geplakte kleine kwallen. Toch is een buiskwal één organisme. “Het had twee ouders”, zegt Wilson aan ‘The Guardian’. In plaats van te groeien tot een lichaam met organen die verschillende functies vervullen, bestaan buiskwallen uit afzonderlijke delen. Sommige delen zijn verantwoordelijk voor de voeding, andere voor de voortplanting, en weer andere bewegen en sturen het dier door het water.
Nog geen wereldrecord opgeëist
Gebaseerd op een ruwe berekening van het spoor van de duikboot is de spiraalvormige buiskwal een kandidaat voor het langste exemplaar dat ooit is aangetroffen. Met ongeveer 45 meter zou het zelfs het langste dier kunnen zijn dat ooit is gemeten.
De piloot van de duikboot die hem vanaf de oppervlakte bestuurde kon maar heel even het dier in beeld brengen omdat de batterij van de duikboot bijna leeg was. “We cirkelden rond, namen wat beelden en een klein weefselmonster”, zegt Wilson. “Daarna moesten we gewoon verder gaan.” Wilson wil nog geen wereldrecords opeisen en werkt samen met een specialist in fotogrammetrie om een nauwkeuriger schatting van de grootte van de buiskwal te krijgen.
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This is Why Snails Are Afraid of This Worm
This is Why Snails Are Afraid of This Worm
When these worms begin consuming everything in their path, gigantic piers, ships, and fairy bridges are all endangered. And if this worm is starving and there is only a tiny snail around, all that will be left of it will be the shell. Why are grotesque beings so vital to our world? Where did the iron snail originate? Why did Darwin chop up worms? How did snails acquire long-range weaponry like harpoons? Let’s find out.
At least once, you’ve looked up at the night sky and asked the same longstanding question we’ve all asked at least once, “Are we alone?” With all those points of light out there, we can’t be the only intelligent beings in the universe, right? There must be at least one technological civilization aside from us in the great vastness that we call the cosmos.
The astronomer Carl Sagan was famous for his quote in his book and film, Contact, “The universe is a pretty big place. If it’s just us, seems like an awful waste of space.” Yet, for some of us, it’s incredibly hard to fathom that it’s just us in the vast unknown full of so many stars and a growing list of exoplanets being discovered on a near daily basis. However, despite all our endless searching, we’ve so far found no one.
So, what if you found out one day that it is just us? What if in the great cosmos, out of all the planets, stars, and galaxies, we are truly alone? How would you look at the universe? At humanity? At yourself? Would you believe it? Would you stop looking up at the stars entirely? Would you feel disappointed that we’re alone, that we’re truly it, or would you feel a sense of optimism knowing that the longstanding question has finally been answered once and for all?
The film, Ad Astra, showed Roy McBride played by Brad Pitt searching for his father, H. Clifford McBride, played by Tommy Lee Jones, the latter of whom was on a mission at Neptune searching for intelligent life outside of the solar system and in the rest of the universe. In the end, Brad finds his dad alone on the space station orbiting Neptune, only to discover that his father didn’t find anything. No intelligent life anywhere in the universe. He discovered that we’re it.
Throughout the film, Roy was struggling to reconnect with his father and his father was struggling to connect with the universe, and this only serves as an appropriate analogy for our own pursuit of answering the longstanding question. At one point when he’s on Mars, Roy asks himself regarding his father, “I don’t know if I hope to find him or be free of him.” In our own pursuit of trying to answer the longstanding question, what if it’s not that we’re hoping to find intelligent life, but that we’re trying to be free of knowing if there’s intelligent life?
In the end, when Clifford disappointingly tells his son that there’s no one else in the universe and that he’s failed in his mission, Roy doesn’t respond with anger or disappointment, but with optimism, telling his estranged father with a smile, “Dad, you haven’t. Now we know. We’re all we’ve got.” In that moment, it was as if the literal weight of the universe was lifted from Roy’s shoulders knowing that we’re it. After Roy unfortunately leaves his father to die in the void, Roy notes that he can’t wait for the day that his solitude ends, and the film ends with him reconnecting with his wife.
While Roy felt almost relieved to finally know the answer to the longstanding question, it’s important to ask if you’d feel the same way? Because, despite all the hopes of us finding intelligent life elsewhere in the universe, we must face the real possibility that we’re it. That’s it just us, and where do we go from here?
Two Great Globular Clusters Seen by Hubble: Pismis 26 and Ruprecht 106
Pismis 26, a globular star cluster located about 23,000 light-years away, as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope.
Credit: NASA, ESA and R. Cohen (Rutgers the State University of New Jersey); Processing: Gladys Kober (NASA/Catholic University of America).
Two Great Globular Clusters Seen by Hubble: Pismis 26 and Ruprecht 106
If you like shiny things, some of the most gorgeous objects in space are globular clusters, with their bright, densely packed collections of gleaming stars. And if you like globular clusters, you’re in luck: two different Hubble images of globular clusters were featured this week by NASA and ESA.
The Hubble telescope basically revolutionized the study of globular clusters, as with ground-based telescopes, it is almost impossible to distinguish the individual stars in globular clusters because they are so densely packed. Hubble been used to study what kind of stars globular clusters are made up of, how they evolve and the role of gravity in these dense systems.
The first image from Hubble, featured by NASA, is this beautiful glittering gathering of stars (above) called Pismis 26, a globular star cluster located about 23,000 light-years away. The cluster is named for Armenian astronomer Paris Pismis who first discovered the cluster in 1959 at the Tonantzintla Observatory in Mexico; and this cluster has the dual name Tonantzintla 2.
Usually, globular clusters consist of stars that are quite old (red and dead), with some of the oldest stars in the Universe. In fact, our resident astrophysicist, Paul Sutter has called globular clusters the “retirement homes for the galaxy.”
Astronomers estimate the age of this particular cluster to be 12 billion years old.
The stars in globular clusters are held together by mutual gravitational attraction. Globular clusters cover a relatively small region in space, with most no more than a couple dozen parsecs across. But each one contains hundreds of thousands, and sometimes millions, of stars. Sutter says that puts the average distance between stars at about 1 light-year, but in their cores the stars pack together over a thousand times more tightly than in our own neighborhood.
Hubble captured this star-studded image of Ruprecht 106.
Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, A. Dotter
The second globular cluster image, this one featured by ESA, shows Ruprecht 106. Hubble captured this star-studded image with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), which was installed on the space telescope by astronauts during a servicing mission in 2002.
Ruprecht 106 contains a bit of a mystery. Even though most of the constituent stars in globular clusters stars likely formed at approximately the same time and location, research with Hubble has shown that is not always true. It turns out that almost all globular clusters contain groups of stars with distinct chemical compositions, which means those groups of stars within the clusters have very slightly different ages or compositions from the rest of the cluster.
However, a handful of globular clusters do not possess these multiple populations of stars, and Ruprecht 106 is a member of that group. Astronomers will likely use the James Webb Space Telescope to study enigmatic clusters like Ruprecht 106 to learn more about the stars and their life cycles.
The Bermuda Triangle: Into Cursed Waters: CHALLENGER SPACECRAFT UNCOVERED ON OCEAN FLOOR (Season 1)
The Bermuda Triangle: Into Cursed Waters: CHALLENGER SPACECRAFT UNCOVERED ON OCEAN FLOOR (Season 1)
Mike and his dive team search for clues regarding a }case of 27 missing people but come across something bigger. See more in this clip from Season 1, "A Big Find."
Watch new episodes of The Bermuda Triangle: Into Cursed Waters, Tuesdays at 10/9c, and stay up to date on all of your favorite The HISTORY Channel shows at history.com/schedule.
NASA's Artemis 1 spacecraft "strange" moon images taken less than 4,500 miles away
See footage below of the Orion spacecraft a little over an hour before its "outbound powered flyby burn" on Nov. 21, 2022. The spacecraft was less than 4,500 miles away (~7,242 km) and was traveling at 757 miles per hour (1218 kph). NASA's Artemis 1 Orion spacecraft aces close moon flyby in crucial engine burn.
During Orion's moon flyby it shows an oval shaped/egg shaped moon rather then the round-shaped moon as we know which is very strange, isn't it?
If you compare an image of the moon, photographed in 2010 from Madison, Alabama, USA, photographed with a Celestron 9.25 Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope. Acquired with a Canon EOS Rebel T1i (EOS 500D), with the moon image, taken less than 4,500 miles away from the moon, with the cameras on board of the Artemis 1 spacercaft then you come to the conclusion that these images are overexposed on purpose.
With overexposed moon images and an unusual oval-shaped/egg-shaped moon, we may wonder what they like to keep hidden from the public.
Alien Invasion: Is The Government Secretly Fighting Dangerous ETs?
Alien Invasion: Is The Government Secretly Fighting Dangerous ETs?
In this video, entitled “The Fight Against Alien,” the creators of Unveiled discuss the possibility that Earth is fighting a secret battle against extraterrestrials. There are various reasons why this might be true, but do we really need to start looking for the bunkers yet?
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Linda Moulton Howe: An Interview with an Annunaki Hybrid
Linda Moulton Howe: An Interview with an Annunaki Hybrid
Marina, a Starseed human hybrid, talks about her experiences with extraterrestrial creatures, including beings that she encountered when she was six years old. In this interview, Linda Howe asks a lot of important questions about the presence of hybrid humans on Earth.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS
LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS
Shenzhou 15 crew enters Chinese space station after docking
Shenzhou 15 astronauts Fei Junlong (commander), Deng Qingming and Zhang Lu completed ingress into the Tiangong space station on Nov. 29, 2022 (Nov. 30 - Beijing time) shortly after docking.
NASA Artemis 1 mission update - Breaking spaceflight records and upcoming events
Orion has now flown "farther than any spacecraft built to fly Human, more than 268,000 miles," according to NASA. Learn about the Artemis 1 record-breaking feat and more in this mission update.
Credit: NASA
An Interstellar Visitor is Lying Dormant in the Depths of the Pacific Ocean
A guest from beyond our solar-system is earth-bound, and we have absolutely no idea. The object wasn’t all that big, just a meter or so across, but its significance is massive. What is amazing here, is that the information about the asteroid was not immediately made public by the Government. It took two men Avi Loeb and Amir Siraj three years to have the government accept the origin of the interstellar object and make it public. Let's check out what it could really be?
ASTONISHING UFO SIGHTING IN TEXAS | The Proof is Out There (Season 3)
A mysterious UFO sighting in Texas shocks the whole community. See more in this clip from Season 3, "Bigfoot Photobombs Eagle's Nest, Mexican Blackbirds Dive To Their Death, and Human Faced Fish."
Do Habitable Planets Exist Other Than Our Earth? | Exoplanets: Thousands Of New Worlds | Spark
Are we alone in the universe? This question has been one of the greatest mysteries of all time. 20 years ago, individual scientists began to challenge traditional planetary science as they set off to seek, observe and reveal the existence of unknown worlds: EXOPLANETS. The film recounts the epic journey of these astrophysicists, who turned our knowledge of the universe upside down, in their quest for extraterrestrial life.
An ancient virus that has lain frozen in the Siberian permafrost for 48,500 years has become the oldest ever revived so far, scientists say.
It is among seven types of viruses in the permafrost that have been resuscitated after thousands of years.
The youngest had been frozen for 27,000 years and the oldest, called Pandoravirus yedoma, has been frozen for 48,500 years.
Although the viruses are not considered a risk to humans, scientists warn that other viruses exposed by melted ice could be 'disastrous' and lead to new pandemics.
The 48,500-year-old virus is a pandoravirus, which infects single-cell organisms known as amoebas. Image A shows the isolated egg-shaped particle of pandoraviruses with a small hole or opening called an ostiole (white arrowhead). B shows a mixture of pandoravirus particles and 'megavirus' particles with a 'stargate' - a white starfish-like structure (white arrowhead)
Pandoravirus yedoma was found in permafrost 52ft (16m) below the bottom of a lake in Yukechi Alas in Yakutia, Russia
REVIVED VIRUS TYPES
- Pandoravirus
- Cedratvirus
- Megavirus
- Pacmanvirus
- Pithovirus
'48,500 years is a world record,' Jean-Michel Claverie, a virologist at Aix-Marseille University in France, told the New Scientist.
Named after pandora's box, pandoravirus is a genus of giant virus first discovered in 2013, and the second largest in physical size of any known viral genus after pithovirus.
Pandoravirus is one micrometre long and 0.5 of a micrometre wide, meaning that it is visible with a light microscope.
This particular 48,500 year-old specimen was found in permafrost 52ft (16m) below the bottom of a lake in Yukechi Alas in Yakutia, Russia.
Professor Claverie and his colleagues previously revived two 30,000-year-old viruses from permafrost, the first of which was announced in 2014.
All nine viruses are capable of infecting single-cell organisms known as amoebas — but not plants or animals. However, other frozen viruses could be very dangerous to plant and animal life, including humans.
Some 65 per cent of Russian territory is classed as permafrost — ground that remains permanently frozen even during summer months.
But, as temperatures rise due to global warming, the ground is now starting to thaw out, coughing up animals and objects that have been frozen for thousands of years.
It has even spawned an industry reliant on the wooly mammoth — which went extinct some 10,000 years ago — as hunters go in search of unearthed skeletons so they can extract their tusks and sell them to ivory dealers.
But the discovery of such well-preserved specimens has also given rise to the fear that diseases which the animals may have carried could be unfrozen with them, and, unlike their hosts, may survive being thawed out.
Professor Claverie warned last year of 'extremely good' evidence that 'you can revive bacteria from deep permafrost'.
He even discovered one such virus himself — pithovirus — which, when defrosted from permafrost began attacking and killing amoebas.
While the pithovirus, which had been frozen for some 30,000 years before the experiment, is harmless to humans, Professor Claverie said it demonstrates that long-frozen viruses can 'wake up' and begin re-infecting hosts.
Scientists disagree about the exact age of the Arctic ice cap, the permafrost which surrounds it, and therefore the age of the objects it contains.
Pictured, elongated particle of a pithovirus (1.9 micrometres in length) exhibits a single apex cork-like structure (white arrowhead)
But most defrosted discoveries that have been uncovered so far date from the last ice age, around 115,000 to 11,700 years ago.
In their research paper, Professor Claverie and colleagues say the release of live bacteria or archaea that have remained in cryptobiosis in permafrost for millions of years a potential 'public health concern'.
'The situation would be much more disastrous in the case of plant, animal, or human diseases caused by the revival of an ancient unknown virus,' they say.
'As unfortunately well documented by recent (and ongoing) pandemics, each new virus, even related to known families, almost always requires the development of highly specific medical responses, such as new antivirals or vaccines.'
The Arctic is of course more sparely populated than other parts of the world, but Professor Claverie said more people are now going there to mine resources such as gold and diamonds.
Unfortunately, the first step in mining these resources is to strip away the upper layers of permafrost, thus exposing people to viruses.
'How long these viruses could remain infectious once exposed to outdoor conditions (UV light, oxygen, heat), and how likely they will be to encounter and infect a suitable host in the interval, is yet impossible to estimate,' the team say.
'But the risk is bound to increase in the context of global warming when permafrost thawing will keep accelerating, and more people will be populating the Arctic in the wake of industrial ventures.'
This nine viruses are detailed further in the new preprint paper, yet to be peer-reviewed, on the bioRxiv server.
Last month, scientists warned that the chance of a virus 'spilling over' to another species increases with the melting of glaciers — slowly moving rivers of ice.
Meltwater from the glaciers can transport pathogens to new hosts, making parts of the Arctic potential 'fertile ground for emerging pandemics'.
KILLER VIRUSES COULD BE RELEASED FROM MELTING ICE IN THE ARCTIC, STUDY WARNS
Glaciers that are melting amid rising global temperatures could be the cause of the next deathly pandemic, a study said.
Scientists investigated how climate change may affect the risk of 'spillover' – a virus jumping to another species – by examining samples from Lake Hazen in the Arctic.
Lake Hazen, seen from above in this NASA image, is the largest High Arctic freshwater lake in the world
They found that the chance of a spillover event increases with the melting of glaciers, as the meltwater can transport pathogens to new hosts.
A warming climate could bring viruses in the Arctic into contact with new environments and hosts, increasing the risk of this 'viral spillover', the experts warn.
'Spillover risk increases with runoff from glacier melt, a proxy for climate change,' say the researchers in their paper, published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
'Should climate change also shift species range of potential viral vectors and reservoirs northwards, the High Arctic could become fertile ground for emerging pandemics.'
What Could Go Wrong?! 48,500-Year-Old Siberian Virus is Revived
What Could Go Wrong?! 48,500-Year-Old Siberian Virus is Revived
The world’s oldest known frozen and dormant virus has been revived in a French laboratory leading many to express concerns about the dangers of bringing to life ancient microbes. The virus was removed from the Siberian permafrost in Russia’s far east and is 48,500 years old, offering proof that viruses are incredibly hardy and capable of surviving indefinitely when they’re preserved in a frozen state.
Melting Siberian Permafrost in a Virus-Filled Pandora’s Box
This particular virus is actually one of nine different types of viruses that have been resuscitated from Siberian permafrost samples in recent years. That includes seven viruses resuscitated for this new study, and two other approximately 30,000-year-old viruses brought back to life by the same team of researchers from other samples taken in 2013. The youngest of these viruses was frozen 27,000 years ago.
As reported in the non-peer-reviewed journal bioRxiv, the 48,500-year-old virus has been named Pandoravirus yedoma , in reference to Pandora’s box. The virus was found in a sample of permafrost taken from 52 feet (16 m) below the bottom of a lake in Yukechi Alas in the Russian Republic of Yakutia.
The first-ever pandoravirus was one of the two viruses found in 2013, although that one was of a different type altogether. “48,500 years is a world record,” Jean-Michel Claverie, a virologist at Aix-Marseille University in France and the lead author of the permafrost viral study, told the New Scientist .
In addition to its age, the other remarkable feature of this pandoravirus is its size. Classified as a type of giant virus, Pandoravirus yedoma is approximately one micrometer long and .5 micrometers wide. This means they can be examined directly under a microscope. It contains approximately 2,500 genes, in contrast to the miniscule modern viruses that infect humans that possess no more than 10 to 20 genes.
Climate change and the resulting thawing of the permafrost could release a mass of new Siberian viruses into the atmosphere.
Climate Change and the Threat of Permafrost Viral Release
Given the disturbing coronavirus pandemic the world has just experienced, it might seem alarming that these scientists are intentionally reviving long-lost viruses previously hidden in the frozen wastelands of Siberia. But they say this research is necessary to evaluate the dangers associated with climate change.
One quarter of the Northern Hemisphere is underlain by permanently frozen ground, referred to as permafrost,” they wrote in their newly published paper. With the thawing of the permafrost, organic matter which has been frozen for as many as a million years is thawing out. One of the effects of this is the release of carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere, amplifying the greenhouse effect.
"The other is that “part of this organic matter also consists of revived cellular microbes (prokaryotes, unicellular eukaryotes) as well as viruses that remained dormant since prehistorical times,” explained the authors in bioRxiv. Only by extracting viruses from permafrost samples and reviving them in controlled conditions, the scientists claim, will it be possible to evaluate the nature of the threat they might pose to human health and safety in a warmer, permafrost-free future.
Since permafrost covers more one-fourth of all land territory in the Northern Hemisphere, this is not an idle concern. The viral load currently locked up in permanently frozen ground is undoubtedly massive, and if it were all released over the course of a couple of decades it could conceivably set off an avalanche of new viral infections in a variety of host species.
None of these victims would be immune to the impact of viral agents that had been out of circulation for tens of thousands of years. Immune systems would eventually adjust, but that might happen too late to prevent a catastrophic loss of life that cuts across the microbial-, plant- and animal-life spectrums.
The 48,500-year-old Siberian virus is a pandoravirus, which infects single-cell organisms known as amoebas.
Immortal Viruses May Be Returning Soon, in Quantities too Astounding to Imagine
Concerns about permafrost melting are not only theoretical. The once-frozen ground has already started to thaw in some areas, and that has allowed scientists to recover frozen and well-preserved specimens of animals that lived during the Paleolithic period.
In recent years the remains of wooly rhinos that went extinct 14,000 years ago have been found, and in one instance scientists recovered a 40,000-year-old wolf’s head that was in almost pristine condition. Wooly mammoth remains have proven especially easy to find in the freshly-thawed soil, so much so that a black-market industry has arisen in which mammoth tusks removed from illicitly unearthed mammoth skeletons are being sold to ivory traders.
What concerns scientists about this development is that potent infectious agents may be hiding dormant inside these well-preserved ancient animal remains. It is notable that the 27,000-year-old virus found in this new study was not removed from the lake bottom sample, but was instead extracted from frozen mammoth excrement taken from a different permafrost core.
Needless to say, ancient viruses released from thawed animal hosts would be more likely to evolve into something threatening to humans than a virus that specifically attacks microbes like amoeba.
Winter landscape and frozen lake in Yakutia, Siberia.
The Hidden Danger of Ancient Bacteria and Viruses in the Thawing Permafrost
In their research paper, Professor Claverie and his colleagues emphasized how dangerous ancient bacteria and viruses could be to present-day life forms of all types. Even if frozen in deeper levels of permafrost for millions of years, they could become active again should the permafrost disappear.
In comparison to outbreaks from modern viruses, “the situation would be much more disastrous in the case of plant, animal, or human diseases caused by the revival of an ancient unknown virus,” the French scientists wrote. “As unfortunately well documented by recent (and ongoing) pandemics, each new virus, even related to known families, almost always requires the development of highly specific medical responses, such as new antivirals or vaccines.”
The Arctic regions of the planet are largely free of permanent human settlers. But the researchers point out that more people are visiting the planet’s coldest regions than ever before, mainly to harvest valuable resources like oil, gold and diamonds that are present in abundance in these previously under-explored areas. In strip-mining operations the upper layers of the permafrost are actually torn out intentionally, meaning that viral exposures during such operations may be unavoidable.
“How long these viruses could remain infectious once exposed to outdoor conditions (UV light, oxygen, heat), and how likely they will be to encounter and infect a suitable host in the interval, is yet impossible to estimate,” the scientists concluded. “But the risk is bound to increase in the context of global warming when permafrost thawing will keep accelerating, and more people will be populating the Arctic in the wake of industrial ventures.”
Other scientists have warned of the dangers of viruses being released in the Arctic through the melting of glaciers, which is yet another possible side effect of global warming. This could expose animals and humans to flowing rivers of glacial meltwater that could carry pathogens to new areas further south.
Whether any of these worst-case scenarios come to fruition remains to be seen. But even a small amount of melting, regardless of the cause, could be enough to release some potentially hazardous viral agents into the global environment, where billions of vulnerable people live.
Top image: Colony of microbes, representational image.
Record voor Orion: nooit eerder was ruimteschip voor mensen zo ver van de aarde
De nieuwe Amerikaanse raket Orion heeft sinds de lancering de verste afstand bereikt die ooit is afgelegd door een ruimtevaartuig dat is bedoeld voor het vervoeren van mensen. Dat meldde de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA maandagavond laat. Het ruimtevaartuig was maandag 432.000 kilometer van de aarde verwijderd
In this image provided by NASA, the Earth and its moon are seen from NASA's Orion spacecraft on Monday.
NASA
KIJK.:
“We hebben de maximale afstand tot de aarde gehaald!”, zei de ruimtevaartorganisatie op Twitter. Het oude record werd in 1970 gevestigd met de ruimtemissie Apollo 13. De bemanningsleden vlogen toen op 401.056 kilometer afstand van de aarde.
Orion begon op 16 november aan zijn eerste vlucht naar de maan en terug. Het vaartuig bereikte zaterdag de baan om de maan. Begin december moet het vaartuig de maan verlaten en beginnen aan de terugvlucht naar de aarde. Die eindigt, als alles goed gaat, op 11 december.
Over een paar jaar willen de Verenigde Staten weer mensen op de maan laten rondlopen, voor het eerst sinds 1972. De onbemande missie Artemis I is een generale repetitie om de veiligheid van de Orion te toetsen. De volgende Artemis-vlucht staat gepland voor 2024. Dan moet het ruimteschip met vier mensen aan boord rond de maan vliegen. Rond 2025 moeten mensen weer voet op de maan zetten.
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29-11-2022
Astronomers Directly Image a Jupiter-Sized Planet Orbiting a Sunlike Star
Astronomers with the SHINE collabortion observed a debris disk containing a Super-Jupiter around a young star.
Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO); M. Weiss (NRAO/AUI/NSF)
Astronomers Directly Image a Jupiter-Sized Planet Orbiting a Sunlike Star
According to the most widely-accepted theory, planetary systems form from large clouds of dust and gas that form disks around young stars. Over time, these disks accrete to create planets of varying size, composition, and distance from their parent star. In the past few decades, observations in the mid- and far-infrared wavelengths have led to the discovery of debris disks around young stars (less than 100 million years old). This has allowed astronomers to study planetary systems in their early history, providing new insight into how systems form and evolve.
This includes the SpHere INfrared survey for Exoplanets (SHINE) consortium, an international team of astronomers dedicated to studying star systems in formation. Using the ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT), the SHINE collaboration recently observed and characterized the debris disk of a nearby star (HD 114082) in visible and infrared wavelengths. Combined with data from NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Space Satellite (TESS), they were able to directly image a gas giant many times the size of Jupiter (a “Super-Jupiter”) embedded within the disk.
The SPHERE instrument shortly after it was installed on ESO’s VLT Unit Telescope 3. Credit: ESO/J. Girard
As they state in their paper, the team relied on the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE) instrument on the VLT to take optical and near-IR images of HD 114082, an F-type star (a yellow-white dwarf) located in the Scorpius–Centaurus association – a stellar cluster located about 310 light-years from Earth. Like the 500 stars surveyed by the SHINE team, HD 114082 is a young star surrounded by a protoplanetary debris disk (from which planets form). Observations of these disks in recent decades have shown that they are an integral part of planetary systems:
As Dr. Engler told Universe Today via email, these surveys date back to 1983 and the discovery of the first disk around Vega. Since then, dozens of surveys have been performed in infrared wavelengths and scattered light using space-based telescopes like the Herschel Space Observatory and the venerable Hubble and ground-based telescopes like the Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array (ALMA), the Gemini Planet Imager (GMI), and SPHERE/VLT. As she explained:
“These studies provided valuable information about the formation and evolution of planetary systems since planets are formed from, reside in, and interact with the dust material. Young debris disks (in the first hundred million years) trace the processes of terrestrial planet formation, and thus studying them helps us to understand the dynamical interaction and evolution of terrestrial planets, in particular the Earth, in the young Solar system.”
Using Sphere, Engler and her team observed HD 114082 in the optical and near-infrared using the angular differential imaging (ADI) and polarimetric differential imaging (PDI) techniques. The former consists of acquiring high-contrast images from an altitude-azimuth telescope while the instrument rotator is off, allowing the instrument and telescope optics to remain aligned and the field of view to rotate relative to the instrument. The latter involves combining different incident polarizations of light and measuring the specific polarization components transmitted or scattered by the object.
Artist’s impression of circumstellar disk of debris around a distant star. Credit: NASA/JPL
Both techniques have been used extensively in the study of circumstellar debris disks and (according to Engler) revealed some interesting things about HD 114082:
“Our images revealed a bright planetesimal belt at a distance of 35 AU from the host star, very similar to the Kuiper belt in the Solar system. The debris belt is inclined at 83° and has a wide inner cavity. The dust particles, which we trace in this observation, have sizes around 5 microns and a relatively high scattering albedo of 0.65; this means they scatter nearly two-thirds of incoming stellar radiation and absorb only one third of it. The scattered light has a relatively low degree of linear polarization with a maximum of 17% which, however, is comparable with the polarization values for cometary dust in the Solar system.”
The team also consulted data from TESS to confirm the presence of a super-Jupiter companion, which was first detected by the observatory in 2021 using transit photometry (aka. the Transit Method). Consistent with this data, Engler and her colleagues confirmed that the planet orbits its parent star at approximately 0.7 AU – about the same distance between Venus and the Sun. Recent observations based on radial velocity measurements confirmed this planet and produced mass estimates about eight times that of Jupiter.
“HD 114082 provides an example for young planetary systems, where the presence of planetary companions to the host star has been inferred from the discovery of a debris disk,” Engler added. “This confirms the theoretical considerations of debris systems as signposts for young planets. Studying this and other similar planetary systems will allow [astronomers] to establish a link between the properties of extrasolar Kuiper belts and planets residing within them.”
Artist’s impression of the super-hot Super-Jupiter WASP-79b located 780 light-years away in the constellation Eridanus. Credit: NASA
The implications of this study go beyond the study of young stars and planetary systems that are still in formation. They are also significant for studying our Solar System, which has some interesting parallels to these protoplanetary environments. Said Engler:
“The direct imaging studies of the last decade show that the circumstellar material in many debris disks is confined to ring-like structures, similar to two debris belts in the Solar system: the Edgeworth-Kuiper belt and the main asteroid belt. The cavities inside the extrasolar Kuiper belts are curved by unseen planets, which leave their imprints in the debris dust distribution, such as warps, clumps and belt eccentricities.”
Lastly, this study demonstrates the growing use and effectiveness of direct imaging studies, which are possible thanks to improved instruments, imaging capability, and data-sharing methods. In the near future, next-generation instruments will allow for even more accurate and detailed direct imagining studies. These include space-based observatories like the JWST and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope and ground-based telescopes like the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), the Giant Magellan Telescope, and the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT).
By studying the geometry and asymmetric features in debris disks, astronomers can predict the location and masses of planets that are not yet detectable with current instruments. “Direct imaging makes it possible to study the scattering properties of dust particles around distant stars,” Engler added. “These properties contain information about particle composition, shape, and size, and thus we can gain insights into the composition of the building blocks of exoplanets.”
The Second-Closest Supermassive Black Hole Might be in a Nearby Dwarf Galaxy
The Second-Closest Supermassive Black Hole Might be in a Nearby Dwarf Galaxy
There’s a little galaxy in the Milky Way’s cosmic neighborhood called Leo 1. It’s a dwarf spheroidal that lies less than a million light-years away from us. Surprisingly, it has a supermassive black hole about the same mass as Sagittarius A* in our galaxy. That’s unusual in several ways, and astronomers want to know more about it.
The name of the central supermassive black hole is Leo 1*. The galaxy itself is hard to observe, due to its proximity to the bright star Regulus. Leo 1* is challenging to spot, too. It’s just not bright, even though it is gobbling up material to stay alive. So, astronomers at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, are developing a method to study it and figure out how this monster supermassive black hole could exist in such a small galaxy.
“Black holes are very elusive objects, and sometimes they enjoy playing hide-and-seek with us,” said Fabio Pacucci, lead author of a study published this week. “Rays of light cannot escape their event horizons, but the environment around them can be extremely bright — if enough material falls into their gravitational well. But if a black hole is not accreting mass, instead, it emits no light and becomes impossible to find with our telescopes.”
Leo 1 and its Black Hole
This galaxy’s supermassive black hole’s existence was suggested in 2021 by astronomers who noticed that stars at the heart of Leo 1 were speeding up as they approached. That’s pretty good evidence for a black hole. However, imaging the emissions from any material spiraling into the black hole was impossible. And thus, Leo 1’s black hole remained tantalizingly out of reach.
What makes this supermassive black hole in a dwarf spheroidal such a challenge to understand? Let’s look at its home. Leo 1 is a very “low metal” galaxy, like many other dwarf spheroidals. It has stars, to be sure, but not a lot of gas. Until recently astronomers didn’t think these types of galaxies had central supermassive black holes. That’s because these monsters accrete and grow by feeding on gas and other material that wanders too close. A metal-poor, gas-poor galaxy just doesn’t seem like the right environment for a behemoth like Leo 1 seems to have.
Leo 1 is also a fairly young galaxy. It last went through a star-forming epoch that began some 6 billion years ago and ended about a billion years ago. Star formation gobbles up a lot of gas. In addition, since this galaxy orbits the Milky Way, a close passage may have stripped more gas away. That would have also slowed the star formation rate and robbed the black hole of the fuel it needs. So, that leaves a lot of questions, first among them, if there is a 3-million-solar-mass black hole in Leo 1, how did it get so big? Clearly, it grew from something, and it’s still growing, albeit slowly. Also, since it’s not hugely bright with emissions, how can it be observed?
Observing the Leo 1* Supermassive Black Hole
Pacucci and his research partner, Avi Loeb, suggest using red giant stars as tracers to track the supermassive black hole’s activity. “In our study, we suggested that a small amount of mass lost from stars wandering around the black hole could provide the accretion rate needed to observe it,” Pacucci explained. “Old stars become very big and red — we call them red giant stars. Red giants typically have strong winds that carry a fraction of their mass to the environment. The space around Leo I* seems to contain enough of these ancient stars to make it observable.”
U Camelopardalis, or U Cam for short, is a red giant star nearing the end of its life. It’s losing mass as it dies, and that material is ejected into space. Red giant stars similar to this one, but in Leo 1 are losing mass, too. If they wander too close to Leo 1*, that mass gets caught up in the gravitational pull of the Leo 1* black hole. Emissions from that gas as it gets superheated can be traced, and used to help understand more about this black hole. Credit: ESA/Hubble, NASA and H. Olofsson (Onsala Space Observatory).
It’s an interesting methodology that should allow them to gain more information about the black hole and its environment. It also raises more questions about this supermassive black hole’s very existence. “Observing Leo I* could be groundbreaking,” said Loeb, the co-author of the study. “It would be the second-closest supermassive black hole after the one at the center of our galaxy, with a very similar mass but hosted by a galaxy that is a thousand times less massive than the Milky Way. This fact challenges everything we know about how galaxies and their central supermassive black holes co-evolve. How did such an oversized baby end up being born from a slim parent?”
Most galaxies host central supermassive black holes that are a small percent of their total mass. That’s true of the Milky Way. But, Leo 1* breaks the mold. “In the case of Leo I,” Loeb said, “we would expect a much smaller black hole. Instead, Leo I appears to contain a black hole a few million times the mass of the Sun, similar to that hosted by the Milky Way. This is exciting because science usually advances the most when the unexpected happens.”
Using Radio Telescopes to Probe Leo 1*
While there’s no way to image Leo 1* in visible light, it turns out radio observatories can focus on it. The team has already observed it using the Chandra X-ray Observatory, the Karl Jansky Very Large Array, and the Atacama Large Millimeter Array. Those observations should confirm the existence of the black hole and give some idea of its accretion rate.
5 oval like bright lights flying and hovering – Rivery, California – YESTERDAY
5 oval like bright lights flying and hovering – Rivery, California – YESTERDAY
These bright unidentified flying objects were seen and recorded in the daytime sky above Rivery in California. This happened yesterday (on 28th November 2022).
Witness report:
The lights were moving in formation. Not ever straying too far from one another. Visible to invisible in seconds
Blastoff! Shenzhou 15 crew launches to China's space station
A Long March 2F rocket launched the Shenzhou 15 spacecraft carrying astronauts Fei Junlong (commander), Deng Qingming and Zhang Lu to the Tiangong space station on Nov. 29, 2022 at 10:08am ET (23:08 BJT - 15:08 GMT).
Broadcast feed from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the Gobi Desert courtesy China Central Television (CCTV)
The Ultimate Problem for Deep Space Missions - Galactic Cosmic Radiation and SpaceX Starship
What is The Ultimate Problem for Deep Space Missions? This pursuit of affordable mass to orbit has taken decades but may be finally upon us. The amount of other problems that need solutions before we can commence sustainable crewed missions into deep space is not to be understated though. Over the past few months I’ve been taking a look at as many of these problems as possible to peer into the future a little to see how some solutions may evolve.
In this video I’m focussing on the big daddy of ultimate harm, and that’s Galactic Cosmic Radiation! Galactic Cosmic Radiation and SpaceX Starship (or any other vehicle) must protect against this in the long term. This is not your usual electromagnetic radiation. These teeny tiny bits of atomic nuclei traveling through space up to relativistic speeds. Being hit by one of these particles can be problematic. Being bombarded by them is lethal. So get ready to reroute all the power you have through those Dilithium crystals. This one is going to get dicey.
Amazing Artemis 1 views of Earth and moon continue to beam down - Time-lapse!
See a time-lapsed view of the NASA Artemis 1 Orion spacecraft, Earth and moon that was captured on Nov. 29, 2022.
China’s Long March 2D rocket launches Yaogan-36 satellite
A Chinese Long March-2D rocket launched the Yaogan-36 satellite from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on Nov. 27, 2022.
Credit: Space.com | footage courtesy: China Central Television (CCTV) | edited by [Steve Spaleta](https://twitter.com/stevespaleta)
How We Will Live In An Underground Mars Colony!
How We Will Live In An Underground Mars Colony!
How Humanity Will Actually Colonize Mars (Year by Year)
Colonizing Mars may be a near impossible task, but that doesn't mean humans won't try anyway. Check out what a successful colonization of the red planet would actually look like in today's epic new video.
Why Don't We Explore Venus If It's Much Closer To Earth Than Mars?
What is the closest planet to earth? No, it's not Mars. Although Mars is a famous planet, the title of the closest planet does not belong to it. If we talk about distances, Venus is the closest planet to the earth, although on average, Mercury spends more time near the earth than Venus. How is this possible? And if Venus is the closest planet to Earth, why aren't there so many missions to explore it? Let’s go! " We live in a time when space exploration is seriously thinking about reaching Mars in the coming years. Even the wealthiest man in the world, Elon Musk, has repeated ad nauseam his goal of wearing the first generation of humans to the red planet as soon as possible. Currently, this goal is increasingly realistic, and some space agencies such as NASA already have programs that seek to take the first steps to colonize Mars; even so, faced with this panorama, it is valid to ask ourselves, why is this obsession with visiting the red planet and not another, like Venus, which is much closer to earth? First, why did we say Mercury is the closest planet to Earth? Aren't Mer
Scientists Discover 300,000 Year Old Alien Technology in Ancient Underground Ruins
Scientists Announce Discovery of 300000 Year Old Alien Technology in Ancient Ruins. OOPARTs, Out of Place Artifacts, sometimes appear unexpectedly among ancient ruins when there is no evidence of their development in older layers. It has led some researchers to suggest that aliens once visited ancient civilizations and left evidence of advanced technologies in times where human technology had not yet evolved to the point of inventing the devices itself.
James Webb SHOCKS The Space Industry With Pictures Of City Lights
The James Webb space telescope, an engineering marvel and an exhibition work of craftsmanship, is about to change everything. The riddle of the unidentified artificial lights on another planet may finally be solved by the James Webb space telescope. Is there life out there? The James Webb Telescope may finally have all the answers!
An Object of Astronomical Proportions Just Started Punching Holes in Our Galaxy And Scientist Don’t Know What It Is
An Object of Astronomical Proportions Just Started Punching Holes in Our Galaxy And Scientist Don’t Know What It Is
There is a “dark object” in our galaxy that is creating gigantic holes.
It is invisible, and it may not be composed of conventional matter. It may be something that astronomers have never before identified. And despite the fact that we cannot see the enormous thing, astronomers have recently discovered its effects, while not having seen the object itself.
Astronomer at Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics researcher Ana Bonaca described the mysterious object as “a dense bullet of something.” Bonaca presented proof of the existence of the object at a convention of the American Physical Society in Denver.
In our galaxy’s longest star stream, GD-1, evidence of the object that is creating holes was identified.
A stellar stream is a collection of stars that orbits a galaxy that was originally a globular cluster or dwarf galaxy but has been ripped apart and stretched along its orbit by tidal forces.
The top image shows us what the G-1 looks like. The bottom image shows what it should look like. Image Credit: New Astrophysical Probes of Dark Matter, Ana Bonaca/GAIA.
Bonaca noted to Live Science that star streams are often consistent and should resemble a single line that has been elongated by the galaxy’s immense gravity.
Now, this stellar stream may have up to one gap, which corresponds to the initial globular cluster before its stars began migrating in two directions.
What is odd, though, is that GD-1 has a second gap with a very jagged edge.
This area has been dubbed the “spur” of GD-1. It seems that something quite enormous exploded into the star stream not too long ago.
An image from Bonaca’s presentations shows a detailed map of GD-1, revealing a second gap and spur. Image Credit: New Astrophysical Probes of Dark Matter, Ana Bonaca/GAIA.
Whatever hit the stellar stream with such force tugged the stars with its gravity.
In other words, the star stream seems to have been “hit” by an “unseen” bullet, as Bonaca described it.
What this bullet is, we are unclear.
But it is large. It is powerful. We cannot perceive it. Did I mention it is massive?
“We can’t map [the impactor] to any luminous object that we have observed,” Bonaca explained to Live Science.
“It’s much more massive than a star… Something like a million times the mass of the sun. So there are just no stars of that mass. So we can rule that out. And if it were a black hole, it would be a supermassive black hole of the kind we find at the centre of our galaxy.”
Several hypotheses exist as to what the strange item may be. One theory suggests that we should blame a secondary supermassive black hole in our galaxy.
Obviously, we have no proof that another black hole exists in our galaxy, so we cannot be certain.
In addition to the hypothesis that GD-1 was affected by a Black Hole, Bonaca thinks that a large mass of dark matter may have collided with the star stream. Bonaca clarified that this does not imply that the object is composed completely of dark matter.
“It could be that it’s a luminous object that went away somewhere, and it’s hiding somewhere in the galaxy,” she added.
We are aware that whatever the thing is, its scale is enormous.
“We know that it’s 10 to 20 parsecs [30 to 65 light-years] across,” Bonaca revealed. “About the size of a globular cluster.”
Supernova Is 570 Billion Times Brighter Than the Sun, Pushes Limits of Known Physics
Supernova Is 570 Billion Times Brighter Than the Sun, Pushes Limits of Known Physics
Astronomers have discovered the brightest star explosion ever, a super supernova that easily outshines our entire Milky Way.
An international team revealed “the most powerful supernova observed in human history” Thursday in the latest Science journal. The astronomers used a network of telescopes around the world to spot the record-breaking supernova last year.
Super luminous supernovas — extra bright stellar explosions — are believed to be rare. The newly discovered supernova is especially rare: It is more than twice as luminous as any supernova observed to date, including the previous record-holders.
At its peak intensity, it is believed to be 20 times more luminous than the entire Milky Way. Some estimates put it at 50 times brighter.
It is 570 billion times brighter at its peak than our sun.
Lead author Subo Dong of China’s Peking University said when he learned the magnitude of the discovery last summer, he was “too excited to sleep the rest of the night.” Fellow researcher Benjamin Shappee of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Pasadena, California, didn’t believe the results at first, which seemed “surreal.”
“Discoveries like this are the reason I am an astronomer,” Shappee said in an email. “Nature is extremely clever and it is often more imaginative than we can be.”
Labeled ASASSN-15lh for the All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae and pronounced “assassin,” the mega blast is located in a galaxy perhaps 3.8 billion light-years away. The precise galaxy is unknown. There are other puzzles as well.
“The explosion’s mechanism and power source remain shrouded in mystery because all known theories meet serious challenges in explaining the immense amount of energy ASASSN-15lh has radiated,” Dong said in a statement.
The next step for scientists is to figure out its incredible power source. Other super supernovas, like this one, could be out there. More observatories are on the case, including some NASA spacecraft. The Hubble Space Telescope will be pressed into service to solve this mystery, allowing astronomers to examine this object in detail.
Dong said ASASSN-15lh “may lead to new thinking and new observations of the whole class of super luminous supernova.”
OK, Artemis. Now You’re Just Showing Off. A Stunning View of the Moon Eclipsing Earth From the Orion Spacecraft
OK, Artemis. Now You’re Just Showing Off. A Stunning View of the Moon Eclipsing Earth From the Orion Spacecraft
Have you ever seen a lunar eclipse of the Earth from the far side of the Moon? Now we have.
On Monday (November 28, 2022) NASA’s Orion spacecraft streamed back live video showing the Earth and Moon right next to each other, followed by a stunning view of the Moon eclipsing the Earth.
What a time to be alive! Image editor Kevin Gill might have said it best:
The video came from one of the cameras mounted on the tip of the one of the solar arrays on Orion’s European Service Module, as it traveled about 64,000 km (39,767 miles) beyond the Moon, or roughly 431,300 km (268,000 miles) away from Earth. The spacecraft is cruising at 1,750 miles per hour.
At the time when the Moon slipped completely in front of Earth, the signal from Orion was lost on the video feed.
The Earth and Moon as see from the Orion spacecraft, close to 44,000 km (270,000) miles from Earth. Credit: NASA livestream.
Our David Dickinson put together a video of the event:
The cameras are basically souped-up Go-Pro cameras, made hardy enough for space travel.
“Each of Orion’s four solar array wings has a commercial off-the-shelf camera mounted at the tip that has been highly modified for use in space, providing a view of the spacecraft exterior,” said David Melendrez, imagery integration lead for the Orion Program at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston.
Melendrez said the arrays can adjust their position relative to the rest of the spacecraft, which will optimize the collection of sunlight converted into electricity to power Orion. This also allows flight controllers in the Mission Control Center at NASA Johnson to point the cameras at different parts of the spacecraft for inspections and to document its surroundings in space, including the Earth and Moon.
On Saturday Nov. 26, NASA said the Orion spacecraft broke the record for the farthest distance traveled from Earth of a human-rated spacecraft. The record was previously held by Apollo 13 at 248,655 statute miles from Earth.
Earth and Moon close together prior to the eclipse, as seen from the Orion capsule. Credit: NASA livestream.
However, that doesn’t take into account the Apollo 10 lunar module, nicknamed Snoopy (the Command Module was Charlie Brown), which might be still traveling in space. After carrying out a successful lunar orbit and docking procedure, Snoopy was jettisoned and sent into an orbit around the Sun. After 53 years, it’s believed to still be in a heliocentric orbit. A team of UK and international astronomers have been working to try and find it, but so far they haven’t had any luck.
The Apollo 10 lunar module about to dock with the command module in 1969. Image Credit: NASA
Meanwhile, Orion continues on its uncrewed mission, a shakeout flight to test the spacecraft and ground systems. It launched on the Space Launch System rocket on November 16, and is the first mission in 50 years where a human capable spacecraft is at the Moon. Orion is slated to return to Earth about 25 days after launch, with splashdown currently set for December 11. Using the same exterior cameras as the ones giving us these stunning views today, engineers have been able to assess the exterior or Orion and have deemed it to be in great shape. Therefore, Orion has already been cleared for re-entry.
UFO Caught By Doorcam, Kansas City, Missouri 11-26-2022, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Caught By Doorcam, Kansas City, Missouri 11-26-2022, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Nov 26, 2022
Location of sighting: Kansas City, Missouri, USA
Look at this huge pulsing UFO as its caught on doorcam this week. The object is moving slowly over the neighborhood. This object is big, about the size of one or two mini vans at least. Just some amazing raw footage, which tells us the color, the pulsing rhythm, the speed, the hight from the ground and so much more info.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
I had just gottten off from work about an hour before this happened I was changing out of my work clothes when I heard an odd noise and my cell phone beeped because it detected “movement” in the cameras view when I reached for my phone I saw the bright light and it was coming between my neighbors houses across the street from me- by the time I realized I wasn’t looking at any kind of “airplane” we have in the World - I raced outside to get a look at it with my own eyes but unfortunately by then it was gone. But in the video it appeared to move slowish blink a few times then stop blinking and then it kept its flight path and it was gone. Aside from the odd noise I heard - like a higher pitched blowing sound. I lived in this neighborhood for many years and I have NEVER seen any kind of airplane or helicopters go as low as this thing did. Thank you - I wasn’t sure if I was going to “send” this or not. I just decided to go ahead and share my video with you.
The Suppressed History of Giants and their reemergence into the public arena
The Suppressed History of Giants and their reemergence into the public arena
Brad Olsen has researched the topic of giants in his books and extensive travels around the world, searching for out of place artifacts (OOPARTS). He has learned that while the discovery of giant skeletons in burial sites was extensively discussed in newspapers in the late 1800s, the topic was completely covered up soon after the turn of the century.
For over a hundred years, organizations such as the Smithsonian Institute quickly took control of burial sites, silenced archeologists, and imposed a shroud of secrecy over the whereabouts of retrieved giant skeletons.
In this Exopolitics Today interview with Dr. Michael Salla, Olsen discusses accounts of giants in the texts of ancient civilizations such as Sumer, the cover-up of modern-day excavations of giant human skeletons, and why the Smithsonian Institute has suppressed the topic. He explains the variation in the size of giants and responds to the idea that extraterrestrial visitors such as the Anunnaki created different-sized giants as avatars for their starseeds.
Finally, Olsen addresses recent claims of living giants being found in stasis chambers around the world, and the possibility of them soon awakening.
Importantly, he and Dr. Salla discuss problems raised by human history of hunting and exterminating giants, and the likelihood of giants either trying to reassert control over humanity or helping us enter a new golden age.
Triangle UFO filmed over Flint, Michigan 22-Nov- 2022
Triangle UFO filmed over Flint, Michigan 22-Nov- 2022
This interestinglatest UFO sighting was seen and filmed from a car driving just outside Flint in Michigan on 22nd November.
Witness report:
I saw this while driving home late at night. This video was taken just outside Flint, Michigan on November 22nd. It was saved as one of my snapchat stories. After I ended the video (because the flying object was above my car) I was not able to find the object in the sky again. The object appeared to be very large, and the lights were very bright. I was surprised I couldn’t find it so I assumed it darted off somewhere. Not sure what I saw but maybe someone out there knows.
This day in UFO history: Policeman Alan Godfrey Alien Abduction
This day in UFO history: Policeman Alan Godfrey Alien Abduction
On November 28, 1980, Alan Godfrey was in his patrol car in Todmorden, West Yorkshire, when he saw a bright light. He initially thought it was a bus, but he soon realized it wasn’t. He then saw a strange rotating object flying above the road.
Godfrey was driving along the road when he saw a burst of light. He then realized that he lost a significant amount of time while he was driving. Upon reaching the police station, he saw that one of his boots had split. He also felt an itch on his foot.
During a hypnosis session, Godfrey was taken from his car and placed in a strange craft. He claimed to have seen a man wearing a skull cap and robot-like creatures inside the alien ship. Many UFO enthusiasts have studied the tapes of Alan’s hypnosis session and concluded that his experience has had a negative impact on his life, and indeed, he had nothing to gain if he just made up his story.
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LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS
LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS
Artemis 1 moon approach and crescent moon views in newly released time-lapses
See views of the moon captured by the NASA Artemis 1 Orion spacecraft on Nov. 21, 2022 (flight day 6). The views are before and after the outbound powered flyby of the moon.
Credit:NASA
NASA Just Found Declassified Photos of Venus by the Soviet Union. Real Images!
NASA Just Found Declassified Photos of Venus by the Soviet Union. Real Images! Venus's surface has hellish acoustics. Nearly 465°C and dotted with mountains and volcanoes that rise toward sulfuric acid clouds characterizes this intolerably hot place. The atmosphere is under intense barometric pressure, almost similar to being 1,500 meters underwater, and clouds are being driven across a murky yellow sky by fast-moving winds.
Little was known about this planet before the Soviets turned their attention to Venus and began their exploration. What was found on Venus? Is there life form living on Venus? What secrets did the Soviet Union hide about the planet when they visited?
Scientists Panic! It Might Happen For the First Time in 100 000 000 Years
Huge tsunamis tear down coastal cities and flood entire countries. Millions of refugees rush to the land that remains untouched. There’s not enough food and fresh water for everyone. Mass starvation and wars begin.
Some scientists say this is what will happen to our pla
net in the near future. But what will be the cause? A huge asteroid impact? A supervolcano eruption?
No… just this microscopic green plant, snow algae. Scientists have created the first large-scale map of their distribution across Antarctica. Researchers found that from 2009 to 2019, vegetation cover in Antarctica increased more than in the last 50 years altogether. Soon the white continent will turn green and then disaster will break out around the world.
Although... Antarctica has already been covered in dense forests at least twice in Earth's history. What was happening on the planet back then? Why do scientists think that ancient Antarctica was covered with trees? And why would the transformation of an icy continent mean the total collapse of our world?
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Scientists Terrifying New Discovery in Egypt That Changes Everything!
Near the Great Pyramid at Giza, Egypt, stands the enormous 4,500-year-old limestone figure known as the Great Sphinx of Giza. One of the greatest structures on earth, the Great Sphinx, is 66 feet tall and 240 feet long. Although the history and origins of the enormous edifice are still up for question, it is one of the most well-known remains of the ancient Egyptians. But there is a lot about this giant structure that remains a mystery. Join us today as we reveal to you the 12 strangest mysteries of the ancient Egyptian Sphinx that are going to baffle you
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China just HUMILIATED NASA & won the race to against America..
China just HUMILIATED NASA & won the race to against America... The U.S. might be celebrating the launch of the Space Launch System moon rocket and the serial successes of the James Webb Space Telescope, but there’s a potential skunk at the cosmic picnic: China. It even humiliated NASA.
In fact, China has completed the final module of its space station, and as the New York Times reported this is the latest step in Beijing's effort to eventually surpass the United States in space. Let's expose everything about this in today's episode of Alpha Tech:
On October 31, China launched the final piece of its new Tiangong space station, completing its construction.
The 18-meter lab module, named Mengtian (meaning “dreaming of the heavens”), enables a range of scientific experiments and now allows the station to accommodate up to six people at a time.
It’s a significant accomplishment for China’s rapidly growing space program, which plans to build a base on the moon, deploy a lunar rover, and send new landers and orbiters to Mars. It’s also the first long-term neighbor the International Space Station has had since Russia’s Mir station was deorbited in 2001.
Most importantly, this can even be an exclusive space station in the entire universe in the near future. “This is important for the Chinese space program. The International Space Station won’t run for much longer. You may well end up with only one orbiting space station—the Chinese one,” says Fabio Tronchetti, a space law professor at Beihang University in Beijing and the University of Mississippi.
At that point, the US government will look back to its 2011 decision of banning Chinese astronauts from the International Space Station.
As its name suggests, the International Space Station is a global project, even though the vast majority of its inhabitants have come from the U.S. and Russia. Other countries that have sent astronauts to the ISS include Canada, Brazil, the U.K., the Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, South Korea, Malaysia, Japan, and others.
China is conspicuous by its absence from this list, and the reason lies simply in the fact that the U.S. does not want it to be there.
"We don't want to give them the opportunity to take advantage of our technology, and we have nothing to gain from dealing with them," Wolf said in the Forbes article. "China is spying against us, and every U.S. government agency has been hit by cyber-attacks. They are stealing technology from every major U.S. company. They have taken technology from NASA, and they have hit the [National Science Foundation] computers… You name the company, and the Chinese are trying to get its secrets."
China just HUMILIATED NASA & won the race to against America...
NASA is in BIG TROUBLE with spacesuit...
NASA is in BIG TROUBLE with spacesuit... When it comes to NASA Artemis will land humans on the moon again after more than 5 decades, we certainly can't help but feel excited and thrilled. However, you must know that the closest we get to an "all-in-all" within the audit is "when considering the $40 billion already spent on the Artemis mission from [fiscal years] 2012 to 2020, the total projected cost through FY 2025 becomes $93 billion." In other words, it's probably going to take at least around $93 billion to bring humanity back to the moon via Artemis.
It’s impossibly expensive. But how?
First, the SLS rocket is such a monumental, epochal failure that spent 23 billion dollars but hasn't ever lifted off.
Next, billion-dollar launch tower but leans and will only be used for, at most, one flight.$
And now, even with a spacesuit.
Since 2007 the space agency has spent an estimated $420 million on new suit designs without actually fielding any.
A flight-ready suit remains years away from completion, and the cost will be over $1 billion. We haven't discussed this before but this is a big trouble for NASA. So, find out everything about this in today’s episode of Alpha Tech:
NASA is running out of spacesuits. The development of new spacesuits is a critical component of achieving NASA’s goals of returning humans to the Moon, continuing safe operations on the International Space Station (ISS), and exploring Mars and other deep space locations. For extravehicular activities such as spacewalks or exploring the lunar surface, astronauts require Extravehicular Mobility Units (EMU), which include the spacesuit itself and the hardware that physically connects the EMU to the ISS and other space systems.
At this point, astronauts still use EMUs designed 45 years ago for the Space Shuttle Program and rely on these refurbished and partially redesigned spacesuits for extravehicular activities on the ISS. Having not built any new mission-ready extravehicular suits since then. Seriously, NASA is now down to just four flight-ready EVA suits.
So, for the past 15 years, NASA has been developing next-generation spacesuit technology, which 5 years ago led to the creation of the project known as the Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Units (xEMU) that will be used to support astronaut involvement in multiple programs. NASA is in BIG TROUBLE with spacesuit...
The High Possibility of Potential Alien Life on Jupiter's Moon Europa Explained!
One of Jupiter’s Galilean moons; Europa, is the smallest of them all, and the second closest, thus it is still the sixth largest moon, in the solar system.
Europa is well known for being one of the first worlds a subsurface water ocean was hypothesized for.
China Just Landed On The Moon Space Station | Shocking US Scientist | 让美国人震惊的中国探月计划
China’s Moon Missions Shadow NASA Artemis’s Pace These past months , NASA scrubbed the Artemis I uncrewed mission to the moon and back. Reportedly, the space agency will try again to launch the inaugural moon mission featuring the gargantuan Space Launch System (SLS) at the end of this month or sometime in October. Meanwhile, half a world away, China is progressing on its own step-by-step program to put both robotic and, eventually, crewed spacecraft on the lunar surface and keep pace with NASA-led achievements.
The next step, expected around 2024, is Chang’e-6: an unprecedented attempt to collect rock samples from the far side of the moon.
The mission will build on two recent major space achievements. In 2019, China became the first country to safely land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon, a hemisphere which cannot be seen from Earth—as the moon is tidally locked. The mission was made possible by a relay satellite out beyond the moon at Earth-moon Lagrange point 2, where it can bounce signals between Chang’e-4 and ground stations in China.
Chang’e-5 in 2020 performed the first sampling of lunar material in over four decades. The complex, four-spacecraft mission used an orbiter, lander, ascent vehicle, and return capsule to successfully deliver 1.731 grams of lunar rocks to Earth. The automated rendezvous and docking in lunar orbit of the orbiter and ascent spacecraft was also seen as a test of the technology for getting astronauts off the moon and back to Earth.
Tiangong Chinese: 天宮 Tiāngōng; lit. 'Palace in the Sky'officially the Tiangong space station (Chinese: 天宫空间站; pinyin: Tiāngōng kōngjiānzhàn), is a space station constructed by China and operated by China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) in low Earth orbit between 340 and 450 km (210 and 280 mi) above the surface. Being China's first long-term space station and the core of the "Third Step" of the China Manned Space Program, it has a mass between 90 and 100 t (200,000 and 220,000 lb), roughly one-fifth the mass of the International Space Station and about the size of the decommissioned Russian Mir space station.
The construction of the station is based on the experience gained from its precursors, Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2 The first module, the Tianhe ("Harmony of the Heavens") core module, was launched on 29 April 2021,[ followed by multiple crewed and uncrewed missions and two more laboratory cabin modules Wentian ("Quest for the Heavens") launched on 24 July 2022 and Mengtian ("Dreaming of the Heavens") launched on 31 October 2022.The research conducted on the station aims to improve researchers' ability to conduct science experiments in space.
What did the Soviets discover in the Kola Superdeep well at a depth of 12,262 meters?
We know so little about the structure of the Earth. For example, our planet is not fully spherical, as it slightly flattens when rotating. Therefore, its equatorial diameter (12.754 km) is 43 km larger than the polar one (12.711 km). Our planet is the densest celestial body in the solar system, followed by Mercury among other planets. Different layers of our planet's core, crust, and mantle rotate at different speeds relative to each other. Oxygen makes up about 50% of the entire mass of the earth's crust, which is found in bound form in almost all minerals. About 25% of the crust is silicon, and the remaining 25% is everything else. The continental crust is on average 35-45 km thick but it can reach 75 km under mountain ranges. The matter density in the center of the Earth's core reaches 12.5 tons per 1 m³, and the pressure there is about 3.7 million atmospheres. Humanity has dived deep into oceans, flown to the moon, and even sent its robotic explorers to Mars. We have studied the surface of the Earth quite well, but as always the most interesting thing lies deep inside. And although these depths are literally under our feet, we know little more about them, if not less, than about the deepest space. A whole "expedition" is needed to look even a little into the earth's crust, just like flying to the moon. And there have been such projects that brought some amazing data. Well, it's time to find out what lies deep down in the ground. Is there life out there? And what interesting things have already been found there? Today we'll look at three of the most interesting ultra-deep wells that became one of the first projects exploring extreme depths of the earth's crust. What was found in the deepest wells?
The B 21 Raider Stealthy, Fast, and Deadly: what we know so far
Let’s take a look at what we know so far about the B-21 Raider - and why it is crucial to America’s future.
After years of anticipation, Northrop finally announced they will be revealing the world’s newest stealth Heavy bomber - the B-21 Raider. The B-21 is named in honor of Jimmy Dolittle’s B-25 Raiders, which famously attacked Imperial Japan shortly after the events of Pearl Harbor during World War II. The B-21 Raider builds on the success of its legendary predecessor, the B-2 Spirit which was also developed by Northrop. Today we will take a look at what we know about the B21 so far, the missions it could fly, why a flying wing is important for stealth, and what the B-21 Raider means for America’s future.
All about the F-35's adaptive engine which may get used by the B-21 Raider as well:
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“Dunkleosteus” One of the largest and fiercest sharks 380 million years ago
“Dunkleosteus” One of the largest and fiercest sharks 380 million years ago
The name Dunkleosteus is a composition of two words, the word ‘osteon’ is a Greek word meaning bone, and Dunkle is kept in the honor of David Dunkle.
a famous American paleontologist whose works were focused mainly on fish fossils and is most famous for works in vertebrate paleontology of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History.
This placoderm is known to eat anything or at least most of the things and is also known to be speedy and powerful.
The Dunkleosteus is one of the largest placoderms to have ever lived and is considered to be one of the fiercest in the Late Devonian period which is also known as the ‘Age of Fishes’.
It has been recorded that the Dunkleosteus could weigh up to 8000 lb (3600 kg) and its length was up to 346 in (8.8 m).
The Dunkleosteus consists of ten species which are named D. terrelli, D. Belgicus, D. denisoni, D. marsaisi, D. magnificus, D. missouriensis, D. newberryi, D. amblyodoratus, and D.raveri.
The Dunkleosteus placoderms are known to be powerful and possess the ability to move their jaws quickly which helps them prey on animals easily.
Various Dunkleosteus fossils have been found in North America, Morocco, Poland, and Belgium.
The Dunkleosteus comes across as a gripping species but unfortunately, there is limited information available about the species due to its extinction and age as it existed 360-370 million years ago.
While not much is known about a lot of parts of the Dunkleosteus body, a lot of information has been extracted from the fossils of Dunkleosteus and its reconstruction
It was discovered that the Dunkleosteus had a two-part bony and armored exterior. The Dunkleosteus is also known to have two pairs of sharp bony plates that formed a beak-like structure.
Reconstructions have also revealed that some species of the Dunkleosteus had pectoral fins and thus, the fin pattern in the placoderms is highly influenced by the movement requirements.
The species Dunkleosteus terrelli is known to have a more shark-like appearance with a strong anterior lobe on its tail.
The Dunkleosteus is known to be the fiercest fish alive during the Late Devonian period. It is known to be 346 in (8.8 m) long and could weigh up to 8000 lb (3600 kg), which makes it one of the largest placoderms ever lived.
The Dunkleosteus is known for its big and powerful build and is known to have an immense bite force that could chop prehistoric sharks easily.
A Dunkleosteus is known to be one of the largest species of fish ever lived. They could weigh up to 8000 lb (3600 kg) which makes them bulky animals.
It is believed that Dunkleosteus was not a particularly good swimmer. As it mostly was found in the shallow seas and oceans,
their bony structure was sufficient to defend themselves against other creatures in the fish and their availability did not lead Dunkleosteus to go deep into the sea to search for food.
The heavy and bony body with its armor-like bone structure made the Dunkleosteus slow swimmer.
The Dunkleosteus is known to have used a mechanism called four-bar linkage, which allowed it to open its jaw very fast and produce high bite force when closing the jaw.
The pressure generated helped the Dunkleosteus to cut through any cuticle or dental built or armor.
Thus, it is believed that apart from ammonites and other placoderm fish and sharks, and other free-swimming species, they are also known to eat fish from their own species when short of food.
This is supported with evidence of fish bones and other semi or indigested materials found in the fossils.
The habitat of a Dunkleosteus is rather unknown but it has been stated that Dunkleosteus was found in shallow seas of the world.
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It is believed that there is a high possibility that Dunkleosteus was one of the first animals to reproduce by the method of egg fertilization and thus, reproduce sexually.
The lifespan of a Dunkleosteus is unknown but it lived 360-370 million years ago during the Devonian period.
Are they dangerous?
The Dunkleosteus is considered to be one of the most dangerous sea predators.
A lot of factors have been associated with this armored predator which tends to make the Dunkleosteus one of the dangerous placoderms.
Its cannibalistic nature and ability to bend metal are the main reasons. Others include the strong jaw, bite force, pairs of sharp bony plates that make it capable of chopping or cutting hard materials or skins, and the large and strong build.
Mind Blowing Documentary The Amazing Planet Earth - Nov 2022
Mind Blowing Documentary The Amazing Planet Earth - Nov 2022
In the past 200,000 years, humans have upset the balance of planet Earth, a balance established by nearly four billion years of evolution. We must act now. It is too late to be a pessimist. The price is too high. Humanity has little time to reverse the trend and change its patterns of consumption.
Through visually stunning footage from over fifty countries, all shot from an aerial perspective, Yann Arthus–Bertrand shows us a view most of us have never seen. He shares with us his sense of awe about our planet and his concern for its health. With this film, Arthus-Bertrand hopes to provide a stepping-stone to further the call to action to take care of our HOME.
One of the benefits of having a cluster of satellites orbiting another planet is that scientists can then analyze that planet’s weather. Sometimes in that process, they find patterns that are strikingly similar to those found on our home planet. That was the case recently when a group of scientists from ESA used data from Mars Express to analyze cloud formation on Mars. To no one’s surprise, dust seemed to be at the core of that formation. But the resultant clouds looked very much like those found here on Earth – in the tropics.
The paper, recently published in Icarus, utilized data from two of Mar Express’ cameras: the Visual Monitoring Camera (VMC) and the High-Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC), and another camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. All of those cameras were focused on one particular event – the formation of clouds surrounding the Martian North Pole during its springtime.
Cloud formation is common in that location at that time of year, but this is the first time so much data-collecting power has been turned toward it. In particular, two notable dust storms formed during the springtime of 2019, when the data for the paper was collected. That data included actual photographs that showed something familiar to storm watchers on Earth – spiral patterns.
A hurricane-like spiral storm on Mars. Credit – ESA / DLR / FU Berlin
One of the most distinct pictures from the HRSC images shows a spiral pattern that seemed very similar to a hurricane (or cyclones as they are called in some parts of the world) on Earth. They reach between 1000 and 2000 km in size and are thought to be caused by similar patterns to those that form hurricanes here.
Similarities between Earth and Martian clouds don’t stop there. Some of Earth’s more picturesque cloud formations involve a “texturing” pattern that makes them look like sand. A similar pattern happens on Mars, and “textured” clouds can be seen in some of the images Mars Express sent back.
These textures are formed by a convection pattern where, on Earth, air containing water is heated by the Sun, causing it to rise, and eventually, the water condenses to form clouds. On Mars, however, water is not so readily available, so the Sun heats the dust-laden air, causing it to rise similarly and then fall into gaps between the pockets of hot air containing the dust. This overall “closed-cell convection” causes the textured pattern seen in the image.
Mars’ atmosphere has been gone for some time – could we bring it back?
Mars and Earth aren’t the only places this phenomenon occurs, though. Venus also has closed-cell convection, as evidenced by data collected by Mars Express’ sister craft – Venus Express. Since Venus also lacks significant water and has a much thicker atmosphere than either Earth or Mars, it seems the fundamental processes that cause these cloud formations don’t care much about that part of the environment, at least.
Finding similar patterns elsewhere in the solar system is both comforting and enlightening. Using those similarities to help predict Martian weather, especially for future crewed missions, is one way that long-standing missions such as Mars Express can continue to help contribute to humanity’s long-term exploration of space.
Astronomers Spotted a Tiny Asteroid A Few Hours Before it Impacted the Earth, and Predicted Exactly Where and When it Would Crash
Spotted a Tiny Asteroid A Few Hours Before it Impacted the Earth, and Predicted Exactly Where and When it Would Crash
Humanity is getting better a planetary defense. At least from external threats from outer space. As long as they’re just dumb rocks that follow the laws of physics. And a group of extraordinary humans proved it last week when the planetary defense community jumped into action to accurately track and predict exactly where a relatively small meteor would fall on November 19th.
That meteor, now known as 2022 WJ1, was first noticed by the Catalina Sky Survey at around midnight EST on the 19th (the time zone in which it ended up landing). Catalina is one of the most prolific discoverers of asteroids and is a crucial link in the planetary defense chain. A NASA press release details the steps that come afterward that result in a successful landing prediction.
2022 WJ1 was pretty small – only about 1 m wide, and posed no actual threat to anyone or anything on the ground. But the planetary defense network is designed to catch much bigger potential threats. The fact that it reacted with such speed shows that it is becoming more and more capable and will be much more likely to find any potentially devastating events, such as the Chelyabinsk meteor in 2013, which caused 1400 injuries and around $33 million in property damage.
Door cam of 2022 WJ1 streaking across the sky at 3:27 AM on November 19th. Credit – Jim Geary YouTube Channel
The Chelyabinsk meteor was 20 times the size of 2022 WJ1 and, therefore, would have been much easier to see if astronomers had the same resources in place as they do now. Walking through how 2022 WJ1 was tracked helps illuminate how much planetary detection has improved.
After Catalina first detected the meteor, it immediately sent a notice to the Minor Planet Center, a central data hub for small bodies surrounding the Earth. From there, the entry was picked up by automatically Scout, a program from the Center for Near Earth Object Studies, which attempted to assess the likelihood that 2022 WJ1 would impact the Earth.
Its original assessment, posted 7 minutes after the asteroid was initially discovered, showed a 25% chance of hitting the Earth. That’s where the rest of the planetary defense community came in
UT video on how we track asteroids
Catalina continued tracking the asteroid throughout the night, but several other astronomers, including a group of amateurs from the Farpoint Observatory in Eskridge, Kansas, a little southwest of Topeka. Over 600 asteroids have been discovered there, so this is another feather in their cap.
As the data continued streaming in, there were a total of 46 observations made of the 2022 WJ1 in the three hours following its initial discovery. The University of Hawai’i made the last observation about a half hour before its predicted impact.
At the predicted time – 3:27 AM, and at the predicted place – southern Ontario, Canada, a fireball lit up the sky and was captured on myriad door cams and other recording devices, resulting in some pretty impressive videos. After the fact, plenty of other astronomers spent time analyzing the asteroid’s trajectory, even going so far as to come up with models that showed how the Earth’s actual gravitational pull caused 2022 WJ1 to fall to its firey doom – or join the larger Earth’s biosphere, depending on how you look at it.
Fraser discusses tracking of 2022 WJ1.
As it didn’t cause any harm, and there were no safety implications, this was an excellent exercise in the search for potentially dangerous asteroids, and we do seem to be getting better at it. This sixth detection comes fourteen years after the first detection of 2008 TC3 but less than a year after the last detection of 2022 EB5 over the Nubian desert earlier this year. That last event dropped plenty of meteorites across the desert, and there are likely some from 2022 WJ1 scattered around southern Ontario. Now it’s up to the meteorite hunters to find them, as the planetary defense community gave them an excellent head start.
NASA Apollo 1 Mission Took Better Photos Than 2022 Artemis Mission. UFO Sighting News.
NASA Apollo 1 Mission Took Better Photos Than 2022 Artemis Mission. UFO Sighting News.
Hey all, I recently tweeted to four areas of NASA today, not to get an answer from them, but to let them know the public knows the photos are bad quality and that its done on purpose to hide alien evidence from the public. I really went over them, yes there are some structures and evidence in them, however the quality was so poor it makes the Apollo 1 unscrewed mission photos in 1967 look superior to todays Artemis photos.
The new image, titled "Earthset," was taken by NASA's Orion spacecraft as it flew closely past the moon on Nov. 21. (Image credit: NASA/Artemis I)
The famous "Earthrise" image taken by William Anders onboard the Apollo 8 spacecraft on Dec. 24, 1968. (Image credit: NASA/Apollo 8/William Anders
The photos they presented to the public are over exposed (added light), so much so that 98% of the real detail no longer exists. They don't want you to know the truth, that there are alien structures, ships and even entire cities on the moon. Look at the photos above, compare and contrast for yourself and ask yourself, is this a photo from 2022? The total cost of this Artemis mission was $98,000,000,000. US dollars. Don't you think they could afford a decent camera or at least spring for an iPhone 1 to do the job better? Because these photos they gave us this month are junk, 100% crap and totally not worthy of todays 2022 technological innovations in cameras.
If you want to help, please retweet my message to nasa below. Thank you, Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
More new photographs from Varginha Alien – Including autopsy
More new photographs from Varginha Alien – Including autopsy
On January 20, 1996, the NORAD air defense agency in the US notified their Brazilian counterparts about a UFO flying over southern Brazil. The agency then coordinated with the country’s air defense division, CINDACTA.
The details about the incident were leaked to the media by a Brazilian Air Force soldier and a staff member at a radar facility in Comar. The farmers, Eurico and Augusta Rodrigues, were woken up by the noises from their farm. They tried to find out what was causing the disturbance, but the animals kept running away from them.
Upon looking into the night sky, they saw a silent UFO. Emergency services usually laugh when they hear about a strange creature. Upon reaching the Varginha Fire Department, which was alerted to the incident on January 20, 1996, the members of the team immediately started laughing.
The incident started early that morning after a panicked call was made to the emergency services stating that a strange creature was spotted in Jardim Andere. Initially, the dispatcher thought that the reporter was drunk or was simply having a hard time remembering what happened.
In Brazil, the Fire Department personnel are part of the military. They must respond to all calls. If this was a prank, the group would grow, and more people would report seeing the strange creature. The firefighters followed the instructions of the civilians and went to the site where the first call was made.
Upon reaching the site, the firefighters were surprised to find that the creature was the source of the reports. It was in a dazed condition when it was captured. Three protrusions appeared on its head, which glowed red.
The creature had long legs, big feet, and long arms. It was captured around 2 and a half hours after the first call was made. The strange creature’s appearance has led to speculations about a type of alien being visiting our planet.
It was not the only alien being spotted that day. Three women, namely Valquira, Lilliane, and Andrade Xavier, were on their way home after work when they came across another UFO. Similar to the one spotted earlier, their description of the alien was similar.
Girls showing where they saw a “Varginha alien”
As they accelerated towards their destination, one of the women’s mothers went back to the area where the sighting took place. There, she saw the creature’s foot prints and the smell of ammonia coming from the air.
There were various reports of multiple alien sightings that day. One of the creatures was reportedly taken to a local hospital before being sent to the Humanitas facility.
Military personnel were reportedly involved in transporting the creature. It was later reported that one of the creatures died, and it was taken to an area hospital for an autopsy.
Many videos and photos of the creature were taken during the autopsy process. However, none of these have been released to the public. A few weeks after the incident on January 20, Marco Eli Cherese, a military policeman who was part of the investigation, died.
According to reports, he died due to the effects of being in contact with the alien. Following the incident, the press went on a search for more details about the case, and two of the women involved started asking for monetary compensation. Luiza Helena, the mother of one of the women, said that she was offered a large sum of money to testify.
She said that the money was used to silence her testimony. The other woman’s mother also said that they would come back. However, she added that they could not hide the truth.
Members of the military and fire departments also maintained that they did not know about the presence of an alien. This explanation was not surprising, as there were multiple reports of strange troop movements that day.
All of the hospitals where the alleged alien was taken were emphatic that they did not know about the incident involving the creature. It’s natural for people who are involved in such an incident to maintain a dignified silence.
Badan Palhares, the pathologist who performed the autopsy on one of the creatures, denied any involvement in the incident. However, he did say that he could still give more details later on. This could be a sign that an announcement regarding an investigation is imminent.
During that period, there were also reports of other strange objects flying in the sky. It’s believed that the creatures were the occupants of a flying saucer. There’s also a possibility that the incident was connected to the Chupacabra monster, which has been reported numerous times in South America.
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LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS
LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS
UFOs: Hard Evidence Vol. 4 UFO Documentary Series
This episode of UFO Hard Evidence looks at some of the most mind-blowing sightings and disturbing encounters on record, as well as interviews with various people from UFO circles.
The episode begins with an in-depth interview with UFO researcher Jaime Maussan, who speaks about some of the many UFO images he has captured, as well as the rising number of UFO sightings that have been experienced in the UK.
An exclusive interview with the person responsible for taking the famous photographs of the Roswell wreckage at Fort Worth, Texas, James Bond. Johnson, who speaks about the pictures as well as the rumors that he uncovered regarding a second downed UFO in July 1947 that was not reported to the public.
Russel Callaghan then analyzes some of the best UFO pictures and pieces of video footage, explaining some of the methods he uses to do so. UFO researcher and author, Nick Redfern then speaks to UFO Hard Evidence and talks about his book Cosmic Crashes and the alleged UFO crash in the Berwyn Mountains in January 1974, including the claims that alien bodies were recovered from the crash site.
Two pieces of UFO footage from NASA transmissions are then examined, both of which clearly show an unidentified object during shuttle missions to the International Space Station. Following this is an in-depth interview with former astronaut Dr. Edgar Mitchell (who walked on the moon as part of the Apollo 14 mission), who speaks with Jaime Maussan about the reality of UFOs and extraterrestrials and their real presence here on Earth.
Several pieces of UFO footage that have been captured from around the world are then examined before a rare interview with the Vatican’s Monsignor Carrodo Balducci and his belief that UFOs and aliens are very real. Finally, the UFO Hard Evidence team visit RAF Fairford.
A series of episodes from the UFOs: Hard Evidence series by Graham W Birdsall of the now defunct UK publication, UFO Magazine originally produced for Quest Publications and edited by Russel Callaghan. Originally released in 1998.
11 Planes That "Don't Exist" - Darkstar, Aroura, TR-3b And More!
According to the united states government like Top Gun Maverick, these planes you see on screen, dont exist.
Today we will be looking at all the air forces most secret or hushed away black projects that they don't want you to know about.
Everything from supersonic fighter jets, to experiemental powerful new engines, to state-of-the-art drones, and even some pretty wacky concepts like nazi ufos.
I'll let you be the judge of whats real and whats not, but watch this video quick Before the fed boys come and pick me up for a one on one talk
The first black project was the U-2 spy plane, its still in service and provides day and night, high-altitude (70,000 feet, 21,300 meters) spy missions - for those times when satellites are not fast enough!
Next we have the very first stealth fighter, the F-117 nighthawk. Famously used in the first gulf war, this aircraft didn’t exist for nearly 10 years thanks radar deflecting design, and impossible flight surfaces. Now its been retired, with another aircraft later in this video taking its place.
This tech was then used on the B-2 stealth bomber, which today is mostly famous for flying over football games, with its top secret replacement in just a moment.
Next, have the very famous SR-71. But you probably know all about it, but back when it was in operation, it was science fiction. Built from titanium, it could fly faster than any other aircraft, impossible to shoot down, and performed missions that the u-2 couldnt do..
But thats not all, the project was so successful that a drone version and a fighter jet version were proposed. Called the YF-12, it would have been capable of the same speeds, and able to intercept any soviet bombers long before they reached the United states, or strike deep within russia without being shot down. I'll have a full video on this concept very soon, so subscribe if you haven't already!
But now its time to look at those aircraft that have never been publically revealed, and potentially, might not be real.
While many viewers might know of the SR-71 Blackbird - few know about its rival secret project, the Convair Kingfish - a spy plane that could fly Mach 3.2 at over 90,000 feet. Convair was working on designs that could fly faster and higher than the Blackbird, beat anything the Russians threw at it, and could even be used to deploy then undeveloped supersonic nuclear weapons.
Convair was passed over because unlike Lockheeds excellent proven ability with the U-2, a secret, under budget project, Convair had blown out its budget with the B-58 and lacked a secure Research and development facility like the Lockheed Skunk Works.
Next have the SR-72, also known as the son of the blackbird or sometimes, like in the latest top gun mavrick film, the darkstar.
Travelling over our heads at hypersonic speeds beyond mach 7, lies the future of spy plane technology. It can cross the hemisphere in one hour, enter any country unnoticed, and be out before their jets can even get into the sky.
This future plane doesn't need a pilot, flies twice as fast as the SR-71 blackbird, and futher develoment have rumored that it will be equiped with hypersonic missiles. And the most crazy thing is... it might even be flying right now!
In 2017 Lockheed Executive Vice President Rob Weiss commented that "We've been saying hypersonics [are] two years away for the last 20 years, but all I can say is the technology is mature" - Meaning they have the engine tech for the last 5-6 years - and if the history of the sr-71 is anything to go by, its successor the sr-72 is already flying and will only be declassifed in 20 years. Let me know in the comments if you believe this too.
But if you though the SR-72 was wild, wait till you hear about the Aroura - or the Darkstar! from Top Gun!
Subaru Telescope can now Analyze 2,400 Galaxies Simultaneously
Subaru Telescope can now Analyze 2,400 Galaxies Simultaneously
First light is an exciting time for astronomers and engineers who help bring new telescopes up to speed. One of the most recent and significant first light milestones recently occurred at the Subaru Telescope in Hawai’i. Though it has been in operation since 2005, the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan’s (NAOJ) main telescope recently received an upgrade that will allow it to simultaneously observe 2400 astronomical objects at once over a patch of sky the size of several moons.
Those 2400 objects will be observed by the Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS), which itself has multiple subcomponents and was developed by around a dozen universities and companies on four continents. Its major components consist of a “Prime Focus Instrument,” which contains 2400 individual fibers and lets it concentrate on various parts of the sky. Data from those fibers is then fed to a Spectrograph System (SpS), which analyzes it to produce the data used in scientific papers.
The SpS consists of four separate spectrographs, covering spectra from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared, much more than a human eye can take in alone. Or, as a press release from NAOJ puts it more poetically, it covers “one and a half rainbows.”
Presentation on how to use the PFS in cosmology. Credit – ESO (ASIAA) YouTube Channel / Ryu Makiya
Unfortunately, these sensitive instruments won’t usually be used to capture rainbows, but theoretically, the Wide Field Corrector could. It is a seven-lens optical system developed specifically for this upgrade that allows Subaru’s operators to correct for errors in image collection before they become a problem.
There are also some supporting systems to enable the actual data collection to take place. n addition to the SpS, the PFS utilizes a giant 8960 x 5778 pixel CMOS camera known as the Metrology Camera System to track where precisely the fibers collecting the data are located. If any are out of place, it could throw off the data the system collects.
All of these upgrades come with high hopes – the goal of the PFS upgrade is literally to understand where the universe came from and where it’s going. It will coordinate with the Hyper Suprime-Cam already installed in an effort to “reveal the nature of dark matter and dark energy, structure formation in the universe, and the physical processes of galaxy formation and evolution.
Take a virtual tour of the Subaru telescope. Credit – SCExAO YouTube Channel
That’s a lot for one telescope upgrade, but it will surely have lots of data to analyze. Maybe the team could implement an eyepiece to attach to the PFS before it starts collecting data like it did when the telescope was first commissioned back in 2005. Potentially, the team that worked so hard on it could even actually see some rainbows then.
Asteroid Explodes Over Canada, Artemis I Updates, Very Large Telescope Improvements
Asteroid Explodes Over Canada, Artemis I Updates, Very Large Telescope Improvements
Updates on Artemis I. NASA predicted an asteroid striking Canada. James Webb’s view of Titan. New adaptive optics for the Very Large Telescope.
Artemis I Updates
NASA’s Artemis I mission continues. On Nov. 21st, the Orion Capsule made its first close flyby of the Moon, coming within 130 km of the lunar surface. The capsule fired its thrusters for several minutes, putting it into a distant retrograde orbit around the Moon. This orbit will eventually bring it 64,000 km past the Moon and then bring it back for another orbit before it returns to Earth on Dec. 11th. So far, the mission has gone surprisingly well, with the only problem being a brief drop in communications with the capsule, which was restored quickly.
In addition to the Orion Capsule, Artemis I carried ten Cubesat missions on its journey to the Moon. Shortly after launch, NASA confirmed that all ten cubesats were released successfully. Unfortunately, only four of them are currently operational. Some high-profile missions that haven’t called home include NASA’s NEA Scout, which would send a solar sail to explore an asteroid, and Japan’s OMOTENASHI, the smallest lunar lander ever built.
This week an asteroid exploded over Canada. But don’t worry, it was a really small one and it didn’t do any damage. The cool thing about this event was that NASA was able to predict it despite a pretty late detection. The automated system triggered all the alerts and was able to pinpoint the location of the strike. So, it’s a good demonstration of automated detection. If it works for small asteroids, it will work for bigger ones even better and give us time to react. So, one existential threat less, I guess.
James Webb Sees Titan
I thought we wouldn’t see Titan again until NASA’s Dragonfly mission arrives in 2034. Thanks to JWST, we get another view of Saturn’s largest moon. JWST initially captured this image using its Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) on Nov. 4-5; Ph.D. student Michael Radke processed it at Johns Hopkins University. He mapped three wavelengths of infrared light to red, green, and blue giving us this excellent final image. We’re not exactly sure what it’s showing us, but the different colors probably map to different gasses in Titan’s atmosphere.
In July, we saw the first JWST exoplanet data, revealing the presence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of exoplanet WASP-39b. This week we learned that many more gasses were detected in the clouds of the hot-jupiter. JWST also measured water vapor, carbon monoxide, sodium, and potassium signals. One of the most exciting discoveries was the presence of sulfur dioxide, formed through a chemical process that depends on ultraviolet light from the star. It’s mindblowing to think that we’ve gone from discovering the first exoplanet around a sunlike star in 1995 to being able to analyze an exoplanet atmosphere with this level of detail.
The European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope is one of the world’s most powerful ground-based observatories. And a new instrument installed on the telescope has made it even better. The new instrument is the Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph (ERIS), and the first observations were made earlier this year. How good is it? I’ll just let the side-by-side comparison images of galaxy NGC 1097 show how much better it is.
Finally, there’s a cool interactive map of the Universe. It shows which galaxies are visible in the sky and how far away in time they appear. It gives a good perspective of galaxy distribution and how we can see different objects in different slices of time.
If you want to get a curated selection of the most important space and astronomy news every week, subscribe to our Weekly Email Newsletter and get magazine-size ad-free news directly from Fraser Cain.
If you prefer the news to be videoed at you, check out our Space Bites playlist onour YouTube channel.
2.5 miles East by Southeast of Hill City Idaho. This (what Durchsince thinks is an) obvious ancient Native American site is located in what is now called the "Camas Prairie Centennial Marsh Wildlife Management Area". Geo-coordinates: 43 16 2.35 N , 115 0 37.82 W
Dutchsinse found this location accidentally due to earthquakes striking next to it.
Dutchsinse viewers and himself inquired on the origins of the site, answers received are NOT satisfactory, saying "might be, or must be" "farmers paying tribute to Indians".. and other foolish excuses made for what is an obvious heritage site for Indians from North America.
The + shape is well known as used by Native Americans in the past, and the animal shapes speak for themselves.
The designation of this location as a "MARSH" wildlife preserve is a disgrace to all Native Americans, and the canal system which connects each spot is also ancient (not to be confused with truck ruts which I show in the video the difference between the canals and the truck ruts). Notice the farmers plowing the fields across the street have likely destroyed at least one of the structures (hopefully unintentionally).
You can also see wagon paths from the old west Wagon trail going through these structures, meaning they are older than the earliest Western settlers!
There are no pictures of this site which can be find, no Native American sites dedicated nearby, and certainly not at the site in question.
Dutchsinse suggest people of Native American heritage immediately request this land to be handed over (since its just a marsh land owned by the gov shouldn't be a big deal for them to get ownership). They deserve full access for study, and he urges tribal people to go to this preserve immediately to stand watch so no one tears these apart any more than they already have.
Just like we would protect the Cahokia Mounds, these shapes and lakes/ canals need to be studied, preserved, and celebrated.
Dutchsinse hopes what he found helps, and if what he found has already been discovered, or if it turns out to NOT be Native American, Dutchsince said: "I am sorry .. I don't believe the government for many reasons... the response of "farmers dedicating it to Indians" just didn't sit right with me."
Update from Dutchsince:
It is confirmed! these animal shapes MATCH THE ANIMAL SHAPES IN WISCONSIN proved to be Native American mounds!!!! Especially the buffalo, rabbit, and bird (corn) shapes!
BOTH the Wisconsin Mounds (with the rabbit, buffalo and bird / corn shapes) as well as the Idaho mounds (with the rabbit, buffalo and bird / corn shapes).... BOTH ARE ON THE SAME EXACT LATITUDE down to a 10th of a point!
Wisconsin: Latitude 43 13 13.56 N , Longitude 90 27 38.31 W
Idaho site: Latitude 43 15 24.16 N , Longitude 115 0 49.31 W
They connect in a perfect straight line from West to East from Idaho to Wisconsin along 43.1N latitude!!!
The changes of having the same shapes in MOUNDS .. rabbits, buffalo, birds/corn.. on the SAME EXACT LATITUDE down to a 10th of a point (both at 43.1 N).. is next to impossible to NOT be related.
According to experts, there’s been a lot of non-human activity in Antarctica that’s not being reported. This clip explores the topic of alien invasions and lost civilizations.
Triangle UFO filmed over Gelligaer, UK – November 2022
Triangle UFO filmed over Gelligaer, UK – November 2022
This interesting footage of a triangle-shaped UFO formation was recently filmed over Gelligaer in South Wales, UK. Unfortunately there’s not a lot more info known about this UAP sighting at the moment.
SpaceX Starship and SLS Ground System Damage, Artemis 1 Amazing Updates, Eutelsat 10B, CRS-26
You know what is just as good as colossal explosive launches and static fires? Checking out the damage left behind. Yep. The SpaceX Starship and SLS Ground System Damage is real and I'm diving right into it all. NASA has provided some incredible insight into the seconds that unfolded during the launch of Artemis 1. Not to mention all of. these mind blowing scenes released only days ago. We have a lot to cover as Orion continues this groundbreaking journey. We have sadly lost another Falcon 9 booster, commercial resupply on the way, and a bunch more. Another dense one as we rummage around, select the best of the best, squeeze it into a tight ball of space awesomeness, and launch it right at you.
SpaceX launches Cargo Dragon to space station - See deployment & landing too!
SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket launched the CRS-26 mission to the International Space Station from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Nov. 26, 2022.
The rocket's first stage landed on the "Just Read the Instructions" droneship in the Atlantic Ocean just under eight minutes after launch and the Dragon spacecraft was deployed shortly thereafter.
Credit:SpaceX
Dream Chaser HUGE Update "First launch incoming" that makes NASA crazily
Dream Chaser HUGE Update "First launch incoming" that makes NASA crazily Riding on the shoulders of the Apollo generation, the Artemis missions or even SpaceX will pave the way for humans to return to the moon, begin the human exploration of Mars, and someday for humanity to reach the edges of our solar system and beyond.
While the exploration of deep space is critical to advancing our understanding of so many unanswered questions about the universe and our place in it, it is equally as critical that the United States government and private industry work together to lead the commercialization of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and capture the resulting massive new space economy.
Sadly, the most popular broomstick in the United States, SpaceX Dragon, will not be produced anymore. That's when people are looking for another spacecraft, the highlight of which is the Dream Chaser. In fact, the Dream Chaser team is making huge progress for the first launch. Find out everything about this in today's episode of Alpha Tech:
In April, the First Dream Chaser vehicle took shape. The first Dream Chaser, named Tenacity, was assembled at its Colorado headquarters. At that point, the vehicle’s structure was largely complete, but there is still more work to install its thermal protection system and other components.
“We have the wings on now. It really looks like a spaceplane,” said Janet Kavandi, president of Sierra Space, during a panel at the AIAA ASCENDx Texas conference in Houston on April 28, where she played a video showing work building the vehicle.
And last month, in a tweet, Sierra Space revealed that: “Right now, our Dream Chaser team is hard at work affixing more than two thousand hand-cut thermal tiles. We’ll have more photos and close-ups of Tenacity coming soon.”
The engineers use similar technology as that used to protect the space shuttles when they flew.
A TPS is designed to protect the spacecraft from the aerothermal heating when reentering the Earth’s atmosphere – temperatures that can reach 1,650°C (3,000°F). In the case of Dream Chaser, the TPS ensures a safe entry, descent, and runway landing.
The TPS includes a coating made of various heat-resisting materials – in the cases of both the Space Shuttle Orbiter and Dream Chaser this coating is made up of tiles.
Dream Chaser HUGE Update "First launch incoming" that makes NASA crazily
SpaceX Lands All 3 Falcon Heavy Boosters absolutely thrilled Scientist's mind
SpaceX Lands All 3 Falcon Heavy Boosters absolutely thrilled Scientist's mind As rocket science develops day by day, more new rockets are being launched into space. However, even NASA SLS successfully ascended to become the most operation powerful rocket in the world today after many years of delay, SpaceX Falcon Heavy is still a masterpiece of science and technology. Especially, we won't ever forget the moment SpaceX lands ALL 3 Falcon Heavy Boosters for the first time that absolutely thrilled Scientist's minds. Remind everything about this in today's Episode of Alpha Tech:
It was truly a historic moment for the rocket industry. On 11 April 2019, the minute the launch window opened, the rocket-boosted its payload, a Saudi Arabian telecommunications satellite, toward geostationary orbit. Even from across several miles of water, the power of 5 million pounds of thrust was enough to rattle your ribcage. One nearly had to shout to be heard over the roar of the 27 Merlin engines as the rocket departed the launchpad, but few felt the need to say anything. Instead, most of the viewers were with on the causeway cast their eyes to the sky, tracking the rocket between breaks in the low-hanging clouds as it boosted a 13,000-pound satellite thousands of miles above the Earth.
Less than eight minutes after launch, the rocket’s two side boosters appeared overhead, looking like two building-sized candlesticks in the twilight sky. As the rockets executed their final burn to perform a nearly simultaneous landing, two sonic booms ripped through the otherwise peaceful Florida night. Everyone on the causeway erupted in cheers after it was clear that both boosters had successfully landed, the tops of which could just be seen over the trees. More incredibly, only a few minutes later, the center core attempted a landing on Of Course I Still Love You, a drone ship parked in the Atlantic Ocean 600 miles from the launchpad - but the booster eventually toppled into the sea because the droneship lacked adequate clamps for the Heavy core.
A handful of spectators were listening to a radio broadcast from the launch command center, waiting to hear the fate of the center core. The two minutes between the side boosters landing and the center core’s attempt was tense. During Falcon Heavy’s demo flight in 2018, the center core landed in the water, and the resulting explosion damaged the drone ship. The botched landing was due to insufficient fuel to light some of the engines, CEO Elon Musk later revealed, but he said “the fix is pretty obvious.”
Whatever obvious fix Musk and the SpaceX crew employed that time around clearly worked. The center core nailed its landing on the drone ship, and once word made its way from the SpaceX command center, the journalists and photographers assembled on the NASA causeway went absolutely wild. Only a few years ago, the idea of landing a rocket booster was unthinkable. At that point, SpaceX had aced a landing with three boosters from the same rocket. SpaceX Lands All 3 Falcon Heavy Boosters absolutely thrilled Scientist's mind
What NASA Discovered on Jupiter’s Icy Moon Europa Is Stunning!
Crisscrossing Europa, one of Jupiter's mysterious icy moons, are vast cracks and discoloured streaks that combine to create a complex, yet beautiful world. And when looked at even closer, many more strange features can be seen, such as Europa's mysterious "freckles". So what are these "freckles?
And what is causing the chaotic fractures that weave across Europa's frozen landscape? Join me as we take a look at real images of the solar system's most promising place for life beyond Earth. We will take a look at what NASA's Galileo spacecraft saw as it passed by. We will look at future missions that may make new and exciting discoveries about Europa, and we will peer below the ice as we take a look at the evidence that might reveal a massive secret ocean.
Moon Size UFO On Earths Sun, 1 Years Of Proof! Video, UFO Sighting News.
Moon Size UFO On Earths Sun, 1 Years Of Proof! Video, UFO Sighting News.
Software source: ESA Helioviewer
Date of video: Nov 24, 2022
Guys this is huge. A black triangle is not only on our sun skimming the suns surface, but its been there for over a year! The object is about the size of Earths moon according to the Helioviewer chart of the earth side by side for comparison. I have tried dozens of times to get a response from one of the Twitter accounts NASA has to get some kind of answer from them, but they never respond. Whatever this is, its triangle is shape, its been there for years, its recorded on four different NASA cameras, its black which means its not hot, it stays cool even when skimming the sun and most of all, it keeps returning to its original position which keeps it in constant view of Earth.
Undeniable proof that moon size alien ships exist in our solar system and are observing Earth from our own sun!
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Follow me on Youtube ✅ so you don't miss out on my latest news.
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UFO During Storm, Aug 20, 2022, Festus, Missouri, Video, UFO Sighting News.
UFO During Storm, Aug 20, 2022, Festus, Missouri, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Aug 20, 2022
Location of sighting: Festus, Missouri, USA
This report just sent into us today. A storm spotter caught something odd on video. During a lightening storm, a huge sphere with six spikes on its outer shell was seen. The object was huge and seemed to stop for a few seconds and then zoom about and off back into the clouds. Something most people seem to not understand about the aliens out in our universe is that each species is at a different level of technological evolution. Some may have grey metal ships, some gold, and so on. This particular alien has a very fast light speed craft which is also semi transparent...at least from the outside. I have long believed that UFOs can cause storms, tornadoes, earthquakes and here we are...with a UFO in a storm. More proof that UFOs can cause whether to change.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
I am a storm spotter with the National Weather service and accustomed to seeing things in the sky. During the "off-season" I like to shoot slow motion video of lightening whenever storms pass through. That's what I was doing at the time. Since lightening is unpredictable I hit record, let it run for about a minute, then stop. Ill do this the length of the storm then review the recordings when I am finished. Upon review I realized that I had captured something on video that I can not explain. This particular video I had hit record and realized I was in standard video mode and not slow motion so I stopped it within a few seconds, switched to slow motion and went on. As such the video is very short. Ive asked my peers in meteorology what they think it is and no one has an answer. That is what brought me here. Im at a loss for an explanation. The first video is the original and the second is brightened up to see the object more clearly. Any feedback would be greatly appreciated.
UFO Over Volcano And Shoots Away On Live Cam, Nov 18, 2022, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Over Volcano And Shoots Away On Live Cam, Nov 18, 2022, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Nov 18, 2022 Location of sighting: Volcano Popocatepetl, Mexico
The mouth of the volcano is about 600 meters across and this UFO is about 1/6th that. Which means the alien craft is 100 meters across!
Like I said 15 years ago before anyone ever took it seriously, live cams are a UFO researchers toolbox. Here is proof of that. Check this out. A thick disk is seen stopping on the right side of the screen, coming into focus briefly, before it moves down to the mouth of the volcano and hovers briefly to pick up and drop off its passengers and cargo, then it shots away to the left. Now I have often stated that there is an alien base 5km below the floor of this volcano where 5-10 thousand aliens live and thrive. Its such a large area that the city underground has its own weather system that changes. This UFO today on live cam in Mexico, is 100% proof that I am correct.
Hey I found something when I was looking over some Mars photos today. Its a face, like none I have ever found before. This face looks like it could be reptilian, but it has even more characteristics of a aquatic (water) species. Water on Mars doesn't exist anymore, but even NASA has made computer simulations of how they thought Mars died, and one of the ways was a solar explosion from our sun that stripped Mars of both its atmosphere and its oceans planet wide. That makes a lot of sense too me, and this carved head on the hillside is no longer a possibility but a reality. This is 100% proof of an alien species existing on Mars.
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City Visible Below Suns Surface On NASA Photo, Nov 15, 2022, UFO Sighting News.
City Visible Below Suns Surface On NASA Photo, Nov 15, 2022, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Nov 15, 2022
Location of sighting: Earths Sun
Source: NASA/SOHO
Guys, check this out. A dark area of the sun began to form as the surface material moved away, revealing something below the surface of the sun. I believe this is an alien mega structure. What I mean is we see only about 3% of the structure, because the rest is deeper within the sun. We only see the 3% because these structures are taller like mountains on Earth poking through the clouds. I have done UFO research for over 20 years and during this time I have only seen this phenomenon twice. That last time was back in 2013 as I show you in the video below. This is undeniable proof that there is a Dyson sphere within our sun!
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25-11-2022
Jupiter's Moon IO has started to send NASA's Juno Probe Messages
Jupiter's Moon IO has started to send NASA's Juno Probe Messages
Jupiter is almost 600 million miles away from the Earth! However, one of its moons is giving scientists sleepless nights here on Earth! This moon has been sending strange and mysterious messages to NASA's Juno probe!
Is it aliens trying to communicate with us? What is the message saying?
Jupiter, as a planet, stands out for many reasons in the solar system. For example, the planet is the largest, so huge that it is twice as massive as all the other planets combined! With a radius of 43,440.7 miles or 69,911 kilometers, Jupiter is 11 times bigger than Earth!
In this video, we dig into NASA's recent announcement that one of Jupiter's moons has started to send the Juno probe messages and other mysteries of deep space!
Officials who have knowledge about UFOs in the US could soon come forward without fear of retaliation
Officials who have knowledge about UFOs in the US could soon come forward without fear of retaliation
Due to a new bill, officials who have knowledge of or experience with sightings of UFOs in the US could soon come forward and share information about the phenomenon without fear of retaliation.
According to a report by WTOP, the annual defense authorization bill that the US Congress passes could include language that will allow former and current government employees to discuss their experiences with unidentified aerial phenomena, or UAPs. The provision was approved in July 2022.
Although the House passed the bill, the Senate has not yet taken up the issue. As the leader of the House’s minority party, Kevin McCarthy said that he would like to see the legislation delayed until the following year.
Author and UFO investigator Richard Lang said that he has been in touch with several individuals who have information about UAPs that they would like to share if the legislation passes. He noted that if the bill passes, many of these individuals will start talking about their experiences.
According to Swiatek, the passage of the bill will hopefully bring some fresh air to the subject of UAPs. In addition, it will allow authorities to thoroughly investigate these phenomena.
It has been a long journey for Bill Cooper, a former Navyman who became known as a conspiracy theorist. Despite the cost, he decided to speak out about his experiences with UAPs.
According to Pale Horse Rider, Cooper and other crew members of the USS Tiru spotted an unidentified aerial object that was about the size of a football field that repeatedly entered and exited the water. However, despite the reports, authorities did not find anything suspicious.
For the first time since his encounter with UAPs, Cooper started talking about his experiences with the phenomenon in 1988 through the Paranet platform, a paranormal bulletin board. He then became acquainted with John Lear, the author of the book “The UFO Coverup.” Lear’s father was Bill, the founder of Learjet, which was one of the planes that the CIA used during the time of the incident.
Cooper and Olson later worked together to create an indictment against the US government for allegedly negotiating with extraterrestrials. Their goal was to make the reported sightings less of a story about a campfire and more of a political action.
This month, Joerg Arnu, the owner of a website that is related to Area 51, had his home raided by the FBI. He said that around 15 to 20 agents from the FBI and the Air Force were involved in the search. The two homes that Arnu and his girlfriend lived in were located in Nevada, which is the state that is known for its UFO-rumored area.
During the raid, the officers reportedly forced their way into one of the homes and took the elderly residents outside. According to Fox News, they then handled them in a disrespectful manner. Arnu then spoke with an attorney about the incident. He noted that the attorney was a specialist in federal cases.
After going through the ordeal, he believes that the incident has a bigger story. He and his girlfriend were only cooperating with the authorities and were not charged with a crime. He also noted that the FBI failed to provide him with the necessary documents and passwords.
The government officials reportedly had no mercy on the couple. According to Arnu, his girlfriend was led out barefoot and only partially dressed in her underwear as the neighbors looked on. He was also handcuffed and put in a T-shirt and sweatpants.
A spokesperson for the Nellis Air Force Base confirmed that the agency is investigating Arnu. He would not provide further details about the nature of the investigation. In 1999, the Dreamland Resort was established based on his work. The site features aerial photos of Area 51, as well as articles about the alleged existence of a secret US aircraft.
Despite the incident, he decided to maintain the website and continue posting articles about Area 51. He also started a fundraising campaign to replace the items that were taken from his home.
UFO caught on video over power station in UK, 2022
UFO caught on video over power station in UK, 2022
Huge and bright UFO was filmed just hovering above power station complex somewhere in south east United Kingdom back in July this year.
Witness report:
Caught this light/sphere thing on my work cctv back in July. The whole video is about 5 minutes long. It goes from nothing and to there then stays there for a few minutes then disappeared. For reference it’s about a mile away. Directly below the ufo is a power station complex. It’s not a plane or drone as I checked flight radar. It’s not a flare as there was nothing visible in the sky to the naked eye. My coworker saw the same thing above the field behind my office last week.
A light just hovered then disappeared. It’s a huge electrical substation thing. Basically you have the little bay, then a golf course, then the substation where the lights are. It’s about 1-2 miles as the crow flies. Just caught my eye that there was something in the sky there on the cctv that was live as I was watching it. I went outside to look and there wasn’t anything visible. I didn’t really think much of it until the other day when my colleague said he saw a light in the sky that just disappeared, kind of above and to the right of where the camera is looking.
Alien space rock! Meteor that hit Earth in 2014 WAS from another star system, US Space Command confirms – pushing back the date of the first known interstellar visitor by 3 YEARS
Alien space rock! Meteor that hit Earth in 2014 WAS from another star system, US Space Command confirms – pushing back the date of the first known interstellar visitor by 3 YEARS
US Space Command officials say the meteor 'was indeed an interstellar object'
A study reporting the meteor over Papua New Guinea was summitted years ago
But acknowledging the meteor's existence faced 'roadblocks from government'
Experts have confirmed a meteor that hit Earth in January 2014 did come from another solar system and is therefore the first known interstellar object.
In a newly-released memo, US Space Command officials have said that rocky body, measuring just 1.5 feet (0.45 of a metre) across, 'was indeed an interstellar object'.
Their confirmation means the famous interstellar object known as Oumuamua, discovered in 2017, is actually the second interstellar object to visit our solar system.
According to NASA, the meteor lit up skies near Manus Island, Papua New Guinea on January 8, 2014 whilst travelling at more than 100,000 miles per hour.
Scientists believe it may have left interstellar debris in the South Pacific Ocean, which if recovered could reveal more about the rocky object's origin.
According to NASA, the meteor lit up skies near Manus Island, Papua New Guinea on January 8, 2014 whilst travelling at more than 100,000 miles per hour. It may have showered the ocean with interstellar debris, according to scientists
A lot of the information surrounding the object has until now been classified by the US government.
The memo, dated March 1 and shared on Twitter this month, signs off findings from US Space Command chief scientist Dr Joel Mozer.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN METEOR, METEOROID AND METEORITE
Meteoroids are objects in space that range in size from dust grains to small asteroids.
When meteoroids enter Earth’s atmosphere (or that of another planet, like Mars) at high speed and burn up, the fireballs or 'shooting starss are called meteors.
When a meteoroid survives a trip through the atmosphere and hits the ground, it’s called a meteorite.
Dr Mozer 'reviewed analysis of additional data available to the Department of Defense related to this finding,' reads the memo, which is signed by Lt. Gen. John E. Shaw, deputy commander of the US Space Command.
'Dr Mozer confirmed that the velocity estimate reported to NASA is sufficiently accurate to indicate an interstellar trajectory.'
It was back in 2019 that Harvard University researchers posted a study on the preprint server arXiv, acknowledging the meteor's existence and saying it had come from outside our solar system.
The study, which still hasn't been peer reviewed, reported the meteor as originating from interstellar space with '99.999 per cent confidence'.
According to the authors, the study has been awaiting peer review for years so the claim could be confirmed, but it's faced roadblocks from the US government, which was withholding key information from a publicly-available NASA database.
Amir Siraj, one of the study authors, told Vice that he wants to track down fragments from the object that may be at the bottom of the ocean.
'I get a kick out of just thinking about the fact that we have interstellar material that was delivered to Earth, and we know where it is,' he said.
'One thing that I'm going to be checking – and I'm already talking to people about – is whether it is possible to search the ocean floor off the coast of Papua New Guinea and see if we can get any fragments.'
According to NASA, the meteor soared through skies near Papua New Guinea at more than 100,000 miles per hour and impacted near Manus Island on January 8, 2014 (concept image)
The memo, dated March 1 and shared on Twitter this month, signs off findings from US Space Command chief scientist Dr Joel Mozer
'It would be a big undertaking, but we're going to look at it in extreme depth because the possibility of getting the first piece of interstellar material is exciting enough to check this very thoroughly and talk to all the world experts on ocean expeditions to recover meteorites.'
Information about the meteor is scarce, although its details – including its coordinates above Manus Island – are logged in NASA's Center for Near Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) fireball database.
Siraj said he was inspired to investigate the meteor and its impact after noticing its usually high speed – over 100,000 miles per hour – compared to the other entries in the database.
'It was really fast, and so I was like "Oh my God, this could be an interstellar meteor",' Siraj told Vice. 'It was hiding in plain sight.
'It wasn't that we had to dig to find this database – it was more that there hadn't been an interstellar object until 2017.
'As a result, no one had a reason to think that there could be meteors that were from outside of the solar system.'
Its high speed implies 'a possible origin from the deep interior of a planetary system or a star in the thick disk of the Milky Way galaxy', Siraj wrote in his 2019 paper.
This artist's impression shows Oumuamua, discovered in 2017. Until now, it was known as the first-known interstellar object to visit our solar system
A high speed is an indicator of an object that originates from outside our solar system because, if it were bound by an orbit around our sun it would be much slower.
For comparison, Earth orbits the sun at around 66,000 miles per hour.
Siraj's hopes his study, which was submitted The Astrophysical Journal Letters, will now soon be peer-reviewed and published.
It will then assist hopefully the astronomical community and allow research into the implications of the 2014 meteor impact.
The finding does of course mean that Oumuamua has been relegated to be the second interstellar object to be detected, in October 2017.
Originally classified as a comet, Oumuamua was later reclassified as an asteroid as it lacked a coma – a cloud of gases that surrounds the nucleus of a comet.
The third-known interstellar object to be discovered, a comet called 2I/Borisov, was discovered by Crimean amateur astronomer Gennady Borisov with a telescope in August 2019 when it passed by the sun.
2I/Borisov is one of the most 'pristine comets' ever observed, scientists announced last year, meaning it has not been altered or degraded by heat and radiation from stars like our sun.
OUMUAMUA: AN INTERSTELLAR VISITOR THAT SAILED PAST EARTH AT 97,200MPH IN 2017
A cigar-shaped object named 'Oumuamua sailed past Earth at 97,200mph (156,428km/h) in October 2017.
It was first spotted by a telescope in Hawaii on October 19, and was observed 34 separate times in the following week.
It is named after the Hawaiian term for 'scout' or 'messenger' and passed the Earth at about 85 times the distance to the moon.
It was hailed as the first interstellar object seen in the solar system, but it baffled astronomers.
Initially, it was thought the object could be a comet.
However, it displays none of the classic behavior expected of comets, such as a dusty, water-ice particle tail.
The asteroid is up to one-quarter mile (400 meters) long and highly-elongated - perhaps 10 times as long as it is wide.
That aspect ratio is greater than that of any asteroid or asteroid observed in our solar system to date.
But the asteroid's slightly red hue — specifically pale pink — and varying brightness are remarkably similar to objects in our own solar system.
Around the size of the Gherkin skyscraper in London, some astronomers were convinced it was piloted by aliens due to the vast distance the object traveled without being destroyed – and the closeness of its journey past the Earth.
Alien hunters at SETI – the Search for Extra-terrestrial Intelligence based at Berkeley University, California said there was a possibility the rock was ‘an alien artefact’.
But scientists from Queen’s University Belfast took a good look at the object and said it appears to be an asteroid, or ‘planetesimal’ as originally thought.
Researchers believe the cigar-shaped asteroid had a 'violent past', after looking at the light bouncing off its surface.
They aren't exactly sure when the violent collision took place, but they believe the lonely asteroid's tumbling will continue for at least a billion years.
A controversial Harvard scientist says he is launching an expedition to retrieve a meteor that he believes is actually alien technology lying at the bottom of Pacific Ocean.
In April, the US Space Command confirmed that a meteor that hit Earth in January 2014 did come from another solar system and is therefore the first known interstellar object.
US Space Command officials have said that the meteor, measuring just 1.5 feet across, 'was indeed an interstellar object'.
Their confirmation means the famous interstellar object known as Oumuamua, discovered in 2017, is actually the second interstellar object to visit our solar system.
Harvard physicist Avi Loeb (pictured) claims that a meteor that hit Earth in January 2014 is instead a piece of alien technology
According to NASA, the meteor soared through skies near Papua New Guinea at more than 100,000 miles per hour and impacted near Manus Island on January 8, 2014 (concept image)
The memo, dated March 1 and shared on Twitter this month, signs off findings from US Space Command chief scientist Dr Joel Mozer
But Harvard physicist Avi Loeb claims that the object is instead a piece of alien technology.
'Our discovery of an interstellar meteor heralds a new research frontier,' Loeb wrote in The Debrief.
'The fundamental question is whether any interstellar meteor might indicate a composition that is unambiguously artificial in origin.
'Better still, perhaps some technological components would survive the impact.'
He suggested scooping up the object from the bottom of the Pacific with a magnet in order to examine the 'artificial' object and added that retrieving the object could be an opportunity to fulfill a lifelong dream of getting his hands on alien technology.
He is now on a $2.2 million expedition to retrieve the mysterious object.
'The material of it is tougher than iron, based on the data, so the question is whether it’s just an unusual rock or perhaps a spacecraft from another civilisation,' he said.
'I was able to receive full funding for this expedition to Papua New Guinea and we will scoop the ocean floor and figure out the composition of the object.
'My dream is to press some buttons on a functional piece of equipment that was manufactured outside of Earth,' Loeb wrote.
Loeb has made a name for himself for openly believing that aliens have made contact with Earth.
According to NASA, the meteor lit up skies near Manus Island, Papua New Guinea on January 8, 2014 whilst travelling at more than 100,000 miles per hour. It may have showered the ocean with interstellar debris, according to scientists
Oumuamua was discovered in October 2017 by a telescope in Hawaii millions of miles away. Now, a physicists is revealing details to why he believes it is an artificial object
In 2021, the physicist released a book titled 'Extraterrestrial: The First Sign of Intelligent Life Beyond Earth,' that argued that Oumuamu is not a comet or asteroid, but a light sail – a method of spacecraft propulsion.
Oumuamua was discovered in October 2017 by a telescope in Hawaii millions of miles away.
At the time of the discovery, Loeb received backlash from scientists after claiming the object was actually a discarded piece of technology from aliens.
'We know that it's artificially made. It had no cometary tail,' Loeb claimed.
'We know that we made it. So that provides evidence that we can tell the difference between a rock and an object that is pushed by sunlight.
'The trouble is the only way to know for certain Oumuamua's origins is by taking an image of it, but the object is already too far away.
'So we missed the opportunity,' he said. 'It's like having a guest for dinner, by the time you realize it's weird, it's already out of the front door into the dark street. That was the first guest, and we should look for more.'
Loeb is now saying the 2014 object is also alien technology.
While Leob believes aliens exist or have existed, he does not think human contact with other 'biological creatures' will happen.
'It takes 100,000 years to reach the nearest star and many hundreds of millions of years to reach the edge of the Milky Way galaxy, so it makes much more sense to send systems with artificial intelligence that are not so sensitive to the hazardous conditions of space,' he told News LTD.
'I call these AI astronauts and most likely we will see gadgets that are very intelligent; they might be well ahead of what we have.
'It might take us a while to figure out what they really are doing here and what they’re seeking, but at the same time we can distinguish them from rocks, natural objects like meteors falling on Earth … [and] we can distinguish them from human-made objects.'
A lot of the information surrounding the 2014 object has until now been classified by the US government.
According to NASA, the meteor lit up skies near Manus Island, Papua New Guinea on January 8, 2014 whilst travelling at more than 100,000 miles per hour.
Scientists believe it may have left interstellar debris in the South Pacific Ocean, which if recovered could reveal more about the rocky object's origin.
The memo, dated March 1 and shared on Twitter this month, signs off findings from US Space Command chief scientist Dr Joel Mozer.
Dr Mozer 'reviewed analysis of additional data available to the Department of Defense related to this finding,' reads the memo, which is signed by Lt. Gen. John E. Shaw, deputy commander of the US Space Command.
'Dr Mozer confirmed that the velocity estimate reported to NASA is sufficiently accurate to indicate an interstellar trajectory.'
It was back in 2019 that Harvard University researchers posted a study on the preprint server arXiv, acknowledging the meteor's existence and saying it had come from outside our solar system.
The study, which still hasn't been peer reviewed, reported the meteor as originating from interstellar space with '99.999 per cent confidence'.
According to the authors, the study has been awaiting peer review for years so the claim could be confirmed, but it's faced roadblocks from the US government, which was withholding key information from a publicly-available NASA database.
Information about the meteor is scarce, although its details – including its coordinates above Manus Island – are logged in NASA's Center for Near Earth Object Studies (CNEOS).
OUMUAMUA: AN INTERSTELLAR VISITOR THAT SAILED PAST EARTH AT 97,200MPH IN 2017
A cigar-shaped object named 'Oumuamua sailed past Earth at 97,200mph (156,428km/h) in October 2017.
It was first spotted by a telescope in Hawaii on October 19, and was observed 34 separate times in the following week.
It is named after the Hawaiian term for 'scout' or 'messenger' and passed the Earth at about 85 times the distance to the moon.
It was hailed as the first interstellar object seen in the solar system, but it baffled astronomers.
Initially, it was thought the object could be a comet.
However, it displays none of the classic behavior expected of comets, such as a dusty, water-ice particle tail.
The asteroid is up to one-quarter mile (400 meters) long and highly-elongated - perhaps 10 times as long as it is wide.
That aspect ratio is greater than that of any asteroid or asteroid observed in our solar system to date.
But the asteroid's slightly red hue — specifically pale pink — and varying brightness are remarkably similar to objects in our own solar system.
Around the size of the Gherkin skyscraper in London, some astronomers were convinced it was piloted by aliens due to the vast distance the object traveled without being destroyed – and the closeness of its journey past the Earth.
Alien hunters at SETI – the Search for Extra-terrestrial Intelligence based at Berkeley University, California said there was a possibility the rock was ‘an alien artefact’.
But scientists from Queen’s University Belfast took a good look at the object and said it appears to be an asteroid, or ‘planetesimal’ as originally thought.
Researchers believe the cigar-shaped asteroid had a 'violent past', after looking at the light bouncing off its surface.
They aren't exactly sure when the violent collision took place, but they believe the lonely asteroid's tumbling will continue for at least a billion years.
Amazing Discovery: Ancient Elongated Skull Fetus Found In A Small Museum In Bolivia
See Artemis 1 Earthsets and the crescent moon in epic Orion time-lapses
NASA's Artemis 1 mission's Orion spacecraft captured amazing views of the Earthset as the moon passed in front of it on flight day 6. On flight day 8, the spacecraft captured a view of itself with the crescent moon.
Artemis 1's Orion spacecraft sees Earth setting behind moon:
The Pentagon is asked about the overdue UFO/UAP report, USA, Nov 2022
At a Pentagon press briefing on November 23, Sabrina Singh is asked by a reporter about the overdue UFO/UAP report.
There’s more to say, more to explore together and we invite you now to join this new journey with us on Section 51 ! Subscribe now !
Antarctica's Secret Alien Cover-Up | Ancient Aliens
Experts believe there's more nonhuman activity happening in Antarctica that's being kept a secret. See more in this clip from, "Aliens and Lost Civilizations."
NASA Just Shut Down Live Feed As Something Massive Shows Up Near the Sun
In today’s video, we are going to show you some strange craft spotted near the sun, UFO footage that made NASA stop its live stream and a sudden hijacking of a solar observatory by the FBI. March 13, 2020, the twin telescopes captured a strange unnatural sun craft that set the internet on fire.
NASA Just Shut Down Live Feed As Something Massive Shows Up Near the Sun
Jupiter Swallowed Something that Might Soon Destroy It From the Inside
In this video, I’ll tell you: what can change the color of Jupiter and even blow it up? What could the Great Red Spot actually be? And how will life on Jupiter destroy the planet?
Top 10 Events That Will End the World
In the center of our Solar System, there is a ticking bomb. And when it explodes, it will end all life on Earth. That ticking bomb is our Sun. Like all the stars in the Universe, it has an expiration date. And some five billion years from now, it will swell into a red giant, obliterating everything in its vicinity. Including you. If you think that's bad, you ain't seen nothing yet. Here are 10 doomsday events that will end the world. What's a solar storm? Will an alien invasion happen?
01:37 The Moon Falls to Earth 02:15 Solar Flare Hits Earth 02:47 Earth Loses its Atmosphere 03:11 Jupiter Turns into a Star 03:43 Magnetar Enters the Solar System 04:25 Alien Invasion 04:58 Sucked into a Black Hole 05:33 A Massive Gamma Ray Burst
Explore the Orion Nebula via multiple space-based observatories
See the Orion Nebula through the eyes of the ESA's Herschel Space Telescope, NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope and Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE).
Orion Nebula: Facts about Earth’s nearest stellar nursery:
Supernovae are the most powerful explosions in the universe, unleashing enough energy to outshine galaxies. We have no real metaphor for their power – if the sun were to magically go supernova it would feel like you were being hit by the energy of a nuclear explosion, every second. For weeks.
While supernovae are the engines of creation, forging the elements that enable life, they also burn sterile whole regions of galaxies. So what would happen if one hit earth?
Scientists: We are not ready for the arrival of aliens
Scientists: We are not ready for the arrival of aliens
Researchers from Scotland’s University of St. Andrews and the British SETI research network will jointly develop procedures in the event that a signal from an alien civilization hits Earth.
According to the coordinator of the newly formed team, “aliens” can contact us “at any time”, and Earthlings are not prepared for this event. “It’s high time,” says Dr. John Elliott.
Scientists at a British university have warned that an extraterrestrial civilization could contact the inhabitants of Earth “at any moment”. Researchers are of the opinion that when beings from other parts of the Universe appear, you will need to know what to say to them.
The Scottish University of St. Andrews has teamed up with the UK’s SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) research network to establish procedures that could be used should an epochal moment arrive, reports The Telegraph.
The newly established SETI Post-Detection Hub will bring together experts from around the world to determine methods for deciphering possible signals, develop space law and predict the social impact of terrestrial contact.
‘We don’t know if we’ll ever get a message from extraterrestrial intelligence,’ said Dr John Elliott of the St Andrews School of Computer Science and coordinator of the new team. However, he believes that Earthlings cannot afford to be poorly prepared.
So far, the only procedures in the case of human contact with “aliens” date back to 1989 and were prepared by participants of the SETI program. These procedures have not been updated since 2010.
The 2010 symposium “The Discovery of Extraterrestrial Life and Its Consequences for Science and Society”, organized by the British Royal Society, did not help to reach an agreement on how to deal with contact.
The main problem will be the language
In the recent BBC documentary ‘First Contact: Encountering an Alien’, scientists admitted that it may never be possible to understand what the aliens will want to tell our civilization.
The issue of deciphering the extraterrestrial language may be one of the main hurdles that experts will need to consider.
Dr. Aleksander Rehding, a professor of music at Harvard University, believes that it will be even more difficult because people still have trouble understanding animals.
“Whales are a very good research object, and in some ways the closest thing to the ‘aliens’ on Earth,” says Rehding.
He emphasizes that the form of vocalization used by marine mammals has still not been explained.
“We don’t know what it’s for. Whether it’s music or language” – explains the professor, suggesting that it may give an idea of the difficulty that the world of science will face when “aliens” talk to us.
“We cannot intelligently talk to most creatures on Earth. How will we communicate with intelligent civilizations? I’m not sure we’ll ever understand them”, says William Borucki, a former NASA expert.
He added that reality will certainly not resemble Hollywood movies, where talking to aliens is easy, and people and aliens have “similar ambitions and similar reactions”.
“The Telegraph” reminds that for many scientists intelligent life in other regions of the universe is already quite a real possibility.
In turn, NASA recently launched an investigation to investigate hundreds of unexplained UFO sighting reports. The investigation is expected to last eight months, with a report scheduled for next summer.
The Sahara is the largest desert in the world. At 3-1/2 million square miles, Sahara is as large as the United States and covers one-third of the African continent.
Traces of lakes in the Sahara Desert.
Image credit: Umeå University.
With temperatures reaching 135 degrees and humidity as low as 2%, it can be difficult to imagine that this place was once a green paradise.
However, the Sahara, which is one of the hottest and driest places on Earth, was as recently as 10,000 years ago a wonderful place to live.
The Green Sahara was a lush savannah teeming with wildlife, grass, trees, and fish-filled lakes. Scientists have now found more evidence confirming the existence of ancient lakes in the Sahara Desert.
In a recently published paper in the Journal of Paleolimnology, scientists point out that understanding the variability of past climate can thus provide us with an insight into how Sahara could change in the future. A return to conditions similar to the past warm period is possible due to anthropogenic warming.
"We particularly provide evidence for the existence of ancient lakes dated between around 10.000 and 5.000 years ago in the northern Sahara, Algeria. Our method is based on the analysis of fossil algae found in the sand and deposited in aquatic environments million years ago when the area was covered by lakes," Christos Katrantsiotis at Umeå University says.
Christos Katrantsiotis says furthermore that the so-called Green Sahara or African Humid Period is a wet period in northern Africa that occurred during the last warm period of the Earth (Holocene) that started around 11.000 years ago due to changes in Earth's orbital parameters.
This paper provides evidence for the existence of ancient lakes, deep in the Sahara Desert, far away from the Mediterranean coast, in an area which is today completely dry. But in the past, it was a completely different environment, with lakes and trees.
Previous studies, Christos Katrantsiotis says, have indicated that the reason for this wet period in Sahara was mainly expansion of summer monsoonal rains from the tropical regions in response to orbital forcing.
"Here, we argue that the reason for this wet phase in the Algerian Sahara was the intensification of winter precipitation in the south-central Mediterranean and its penetration southward (to the ancient Sahara) associated with changes in oceanic and atmospheric circulations in the North Atlantic region In future studies, we will try to increase the dating accuracy in order to define more precisely the onset and termination of this wet period in Sahara. In addition, more samples will be analysed from new sites for a better understanding of the regional climatic conditions and the driving mechanisms behind the observed climatic changes," Katrantsiotis explains.
NASA's Orion snaps a stunning 'blue marble' image of Earth - marking the first time a human-rated spacecraft has captured the view since the Apollo 17 mission nearly 50 years ago
NASA's Orion snaps a stunning 'blue marble' image of Earth - marking the first time a human-rated spacecraft has captured the view since the Apollo 17 mission nearly 50 years ago
NASA's Orion capsule captured its first image of Earth as it travels to the moon at more than 5,000mph
This is the first image of our planet snapped by a human-rated spacecraft since the last Apollo mission in 1972
NASA also shared a look inside the capsule, showing a mannequin donning the spacesuits that will be worn by astronauts that make the epic journey around 2024
The $4 billion Space Launch System finally blasted into space at 1:47 am EST on Wednesday
The 25-day mission sees Orion capsule fly 60 miles above the moon at its closest before returning to Earth
NASA's Orion capsule captured a stunning 'blue marble' image of the Earth nine hours into its epic journey to the moon - marking the first time a human-rated craft has seen this view since the last moon mission nearly 50 years ago during the 1972 Apollo mission.
The image shows the round planet we call home filled with swirling white clouds and blue oceans surrounded blackness of space, along with parts of the orbital maneuver system and solar array wing attached to Orion.
The capsule was nearly 200,000 miles away from the moon when it snapped the historic selfie, but is expected to reach Earth's natural satellite around November 22, when it will come within 60 miles during a flyby towards its final orbit.
Orion launched aboard the world's most powerful rocket, the Space Launch System (SLS), just before 2:00 am ET from Kennedy Space Center in Florida, and is the first stage of putting human boots back on the moon.
NASA's Orion crew capsule snapped its first image of Earth as it ventures to the moon. This is the first time since 1972 that a human-rated craft has captured a view of our planet
Pictured is the 'blue marble' shot taken by NASA's Apollo 17 in December 197 - the last mission to the moon
Although Orion is an uncrewed test flight, three mannequins are riding inside the craft - one of which is donning an Orion crew survival suit that is being tested in space to ensure its safety for human astronauts.
The orange was chosen in the event astronauts have to dive into the ocean from the capsule - the color is bright enough for rescue teams to see.
Astronauts will also receive touch screen gloves to use the displays inside the capsule and the suits are also flame retardant.
The mannequin - or moonikin - was named Campos in honor of Arturo Campos, who was an American electrical engineer at NASA and a key player in bringing the failed Apollo 13 mission home.
NASA hosted a live briefing at 10:45 am ET, anticipating the images of Earth to be released, but also showed the first image of Orion in space just a little more than nine hours since launch
NASA shared the livestream as the Earth was coming into view, but also showing the orbital maneuver system and solar array wing attached to Orion. Earth is still out of focus, appearing as a glowing orb in space
NASA's most powerful rocket finally launched. This is the first phase needed to put human boots back on the moon
NASA also shared a look inside the craft, showing a small window to the right that will be used by the first woman and person of color that will eventually land on the moon.
This is a historic launch that signals the first stage of the US space agency's goal to return people to the lunar surface for the first time in half a century.
If successful, the mission will be followed by a human trip around the moon in 2024 and could lead to the first woman and first person of color following in Neil Armstrong's footsteps the year after.
The stumbling block to this has been the numerous delays NASA's new mega moon rocket has faced, with its maiden launch date repeatedly pushed back since August.
However, after enduring fuel leak concerns, engine issues and escaping the clutches of not one but two hurricanes, the $4 billion SLS finally blasted into orbit.
And NASA's efforts have paid off, as it is getting the first epic images of the journey.
There are 24 cameras in total on both SLS and Orion, four on the capsule that captured the epic selfie of the capsule with Earth - and these will also capture images of the moon.
NASA shared a look inside Orion, showing a small window to the right that will be used by the first woman and person of color that will eventually land on the moon. Seated to the left is a mannequin donning an Orion crew survival suit that is being tested in space for the first time
The four cameras on SLS sit on its engine and are pointing up toward Orion.
The rocket also has two cameras at the intertank by the top of boosters that captured booster separation and two cameras on the launch vehicle stage adapter, that snapped core stage separation.
The eight cameras cycled through a preprogrammed sequence during launch and ascent.
On Orion, an external camera mounted on the crew module adapter will show the SLS rocket's ascent, providing the 'rocket cam' view the public often sees during launches.
Another camera provides a view of service module panel jettison and solar array wing deployment.
Four cameras attached to the spacecraft's solar array wings on the service module will help engineers assess the overall health of the outside of Orion.
David Melendrez, imagery integration lead for the Orion Program at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, said in a statement: 'A lot of folks have an impression of Earthrise based on the classic Apollo 8 shot.
'Images captured during the mission will be different than what humanity saw during Apollo missions, but capturing milestone events such as Earthrise, Orion's farthest distance from Earth, and lunar flyby will be a high priority.'
If successful, the mission will be followed by a human trip around the moon in 2024 and could lead to the first woman and first person of color following in Neil Armstrong's footsteps the year after
Despite its ultimate success, this launch was not without drama, as in the final few hours before lift-off, a 'red team' of engineers was sent out to the launch pad to tighten some bolts and stop a fuel leak.
However, at 01:47 EST (06:47 GMT), the rocket's four main R-25 engines and two boosters exploded into life, pushing the 32-storey rocket into the sky over Florida with 8.8 million pounds of thrust.
'We rise together, back to the moon and beyond,' said NASA's official commentator as the rocket took off.
About ten minutes later, the engines of the SLS rocket powered off and the core stage separated, as Artemis entered the Earth's orbit.
Then, at 3:42 am , NASA announced that Orion had completed its 20-minute 'trans-lunar injection maneuver' that accelerated it to more than 22,600 mph and propelled it towards the moon.
Artemis' launch director Charlie Blackwell-Thompson told her cheering colleagues: 'You are part of a first – it doesn't come along very often, once in a career, maybe.
'We are all part of something incredibly special: the first launch of Artemis. The first step in returning our country to the moon and on to Mars. What you have done today will inspire generations to come.'
Blackwell-Thompson added in a statement: 'On behalf of all the men and women across our great nation who have worked to bring this hardware together to make this day possible, and for the Artemis generation, this is for you.'
Forget the sunset, watch the Earthset! NASA's Orion captures a stunning photo of Earth 'setting' as the spacecraft passes the moon - more than 50 YEARS after Apollo 8's iconic 'Earthrise' snap
Forget the sunset, watch the Earthset! NASA's Orion captures a stunning photo of Earth 'setting' as the spacecraft passes the moon - more than 50 YEARS after Apollo 8's iconic 'Earthrise' snap
NASA's Orion spacecraft snapped stunning image of our planet which the US space agency dubbed 'Earthset'
It comes more than half a century after Apollo 8 astronaut Bill Anders took the famous Earthrise photo in 1968
Orion's image was taken after the spacecraft reached the moon and flew within 81 miles of the lunar surface
The uncrewed capsule was launched to space last Wednesday as part of a 25-day mission known as Artemis I
When the crew of Apollo 8 rounded the moon in 1968, Bill Anders snapped an iconic image that would change humanity's perception of our world forever.
Known as 'Earthrise', it captures the planet's tender blue colour as it floats against the backdrop of the eternal night of space.
More than half a century has now past since that image was taken and with the dawn of a new NASA space program comes a slight variation on Anders' snap.
It was caught on camera by the US space agency's Orion spacecraft, which is currently orbiting the moon as part of the Artemis I mission, and has been titled 'Earthset'.
'Orion captured this shot of Earth "setting" while the spacecraft passed close to the moon,' NASA tweeted.
'Nearly 270,000 miles (430,000 km) away, #Artemis I will soon surpass Apollo 13's record-setting distance from Earth in a spacecraft designed to carry astronauts.'
The stunning image shows the small blue marble of Earth slipping behind the moon in the foreground, with part of the Orion spacecraft also visible.
It was taken after the uncrewed capsule reached the moon yesterday and flew within 81 miles of the lunar surface as it headed into the next stage of its journey.
It's Earthset! NASA's Orion spacecraft, which is currently orbiting the moon as part of the Artemis I mission, has snapped an stunning image of the Earth which the US space agency has dubbed 'Earthset'
New view: In 1968, Apollo 8 astronaut Bill Anders snapped an iconic image that would change humanity's perception of our world forever. Known as 'Earthrise', it captures the planet's tender blue colour as it floats against the backdrop of the eternal night of space
A celestial selfie! NASA's Orion spacecraft snapped a photo of itself as it prepared to pass behind the moon yesterday
WHAT WAS 'EARTHRISE'?
'Earthrise' is a symbol of one of history's greatest explorations - when humans first travelled to another world and, when looking back, saw their home planet.
The iconic image was captured by Apollo 8 astronaut Bill Anders on Christmas Eve 1968.
'Oh my God! Look at that picture over there!' exclaimed Anders as the Earth came up over the horizon.
'There's the Earth comin' up. Wow, is that pretty!'
What followed was an impromptu photo opportunity, first in black and white and then after quickly locating the proper film cartridge, in stunning full colour.
'In lunar orbit, it occurred to me that, here we are, all the way up there at the moon, and we're studying this thing, and it's really the Earth as seen from the moon that's the most interesting aspect of this flight,' Anders told author Andrew Chaikin for the 2009 book Voices from the Moon.
His photo of the gibbous Earth hanging over the lunar surface was declared one of the 'great images of the 20th century' and among '100 photographs that changed the world' as selected by the editors of TIME and LIFE magazines.
Artemis I's goal is to demonstrate Orion's systems in a spaceflight environment and ensure a safe re-entry, descent, splashdown, and recovery prior to the first flight with humans on board on Artemis II.
If both of those missions are successful then the first woman and first person of colour will walk on the moon in 2025.
Earthrise was captured on Christmas Eve 1968 as Apollo 8 crew members Frank Borman, Jim Lovell and Bill Anders were orbiting the moon and shooting photographs of the lunar surface.
Anders snapped the iconic Earthrise photo during the crew's fourth orbit of the moon, frantically switching from black-and-white to color film to capture the planet's exquisite, fragile beauty.
'Oh my God, look at that picture over there!' Anders said. 'There's the Earth coming up. Wow, is that pretty!'
Before the flight, no one had thought about photographing Earth, according to Anders.
The astronauts were under orders to get pictures for potential lunar landing sites while orbiting 70 miles (112km) above the moon.
'We came to explore the moon and what we discovered was the Earth,' Anders is fond of saying.
It wasn't until after the astronauts were back that the significance of their Earth pictures sank in.
That first voyage by humans to another world set the stage for the still grander Apollo 11 moon landing seven months later.
There was unprecedented and unfathomable risk to putting three men atop a monstrous new rocket for the first time and sending them all the way to the moon.
The mission was whipped together in just four months in order to reach the moon by year's end, before the Soviet Union.
Humans had never set eyes on the far side of the moon, or on our planet as a cosmic oasis, surrounded completely by the black void of space.
A half-century later, just 24 US astronauts who flew to the moon have witnessed the wondrous sight in person.
Frank Borman, James Lovell and Bill Anders, the first men to leave Earth orbit. 'We came to explore the moon and what we discovered was the Earth,' Anders said of the iconic photo
Anders snapped the iconic Earthrise photo during the crew's fourth orbit of the moon, switching from black-and-white to color film to capture the planet's exquisite, fragile beauty
Artemis I marks the first time a capsule built for humans has visited the moon since the Apollo missions 50 years ago.
In four days' time, a thrust from Orion's engines will place the spacecraft in a distant retrograde orbit around the moon.
It will remain in this orbit for about a week to test spacecraft systems, about 40,000 miles (64,000 km) above the lunar surface.
Orion will then begin the journey back to Earth, with a landing in the Pacific Ocean scheduled for December 11, after 25 days of flight.
As well as this image of the moon, Orion has also snapped a selfie as well as stunning 'blue marble' image of Earth during its epic journey.
The public can track Orion during its mission around the moon and back in real-time, using NASA's interactive online tool.
Artemis I is NASA's uncrewed flight test of the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and Orion spacecraft, which launched last Wednesday from Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island, Florida.
The mission is designed to show that the SLS and Orion capsule are ready to carry astronauts to the moon in subsequent Artemis II and Artemis III missions.
What was the Apollo program and who are the astronauts who have been lucky enough to go to the moon?
NASA photo taken on July 16, 1969 shows the huge, 363-foot tall Apollo 11 Spacecraft 107/Lunar Module S/Saturn 506) space vehicle launched from Pad A, Launch Complex 39. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), at 9:32 a.m. (EDT).
Apollo was the NASA programme that launched in 1961 and got the first man on the moon eight years later.
The first four flights tested the equipment for the Apollo Program and six of the other seven flights managed to land on the moon.
The first manned mission to the moon was Apollo 8 which circled around it on Christmas Eve in 1968 but did not land.
The crew of Apollo 9 spent ten days orbiting Earth and completed the first manned flight of the lunar module – the section of the Apollo rocket that would later land Neil Armstrong on the Moon.
The Apollo 11 mission was the first one to land on the moon on 20 July 1969.
The capsule landed on the Sea of Tranquillity, carrying mission commander Neil Armstrong and pilot Buzz Aldrin.
Armstrong and Aldrin walked on the lunar surface while Michael Collins remained in orbit around the moon.
When Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon, he said, 'That's one small step for (a) man; one giant leap for mankind.'
Apollo 12 landed later that year on 19 November on the Ocean of Storms, writes NASA .
Apollo 13 was to be the third mission to land on the moon, but just under 56 hours into flight, an oxygen tank explosion forced the crew to cancel the lunar landing and move into the Aquarius lunar module to return back to Earth.
Apollo 15 was the ninth manned lunar mission in the Apollo space program, and considered at the time the most successful manned space flight up to that moment because of its long duration and greater emphasis on scientific exploration than had been possible on previous missions.
The last Apollo moon landing happened in 1972 after a total of 12 astronauts had touched down on the lunar surface.
Astronaut Edwin 'Buzz' Aldrin unpacking experiments from the Lunar Module on the moon during the Apollo 11 mission. Photographed by Neil Armstrong, 20 July 1969
Who has been to the moon?
1 + 2. Apollo 11 - July 21, 1969
Neil Armstrong made history by becoming the first person to set foot on the moon.
Edwin 'Buzz' Aldrin followed Neil Armstrong on to the surface of the moon. His popular nickname gave itself to the animated characte Buzz Lightyear.
3 + 4. Apollo 12 - November 19 and 20, 1969
Pete Conrad and Alan Bean were the moon walkers on the Apollo 12 mission.
The Apollo 12 crew experienced two lightning strikes just after their Saturn V rocket launched.
All the men who have been to the moon
5 + 6. Apollo 14 - February 5, 1971
Alan Shepard and Edgar Mitchell who were part of the Apollo 14 mission. They launched on January 31, 1971, and landed in the Fra Mauro region of the moon, the original destination for Apollo 13.
7 + 8. Apollo 15 - July 31, 1971
David Scott and James Irwin landed on the moon and stayed for three days, until August 2nd.
9 + 10. Apollo 16 - April 21 1972
John Young and Charles Duke were the next men to walk on the moon. When the crew reached lunar orbit, the mission almost had to be aborted because of a problem with Command/Service Module's main engine.
11 + 12. Apollo 17 - December 11, 1972
The final people to walk on the moon were Eugene (Gene) Cernan and Harrison (Jack) Schmitt.
Before he left the moon, Cernan scratched the initials of his daughter Tracy into the lunar regolith. Since the moon does not experience weather conditions like wind or rain to erode anything away, her initials should stay there for a very long time.
IN BEELD. Close-up van de maan: ruimteschip Oriondeelt indrukwekkende foto’s van het hemellichaam
Enkele dagen geleden scheerde het ruimteschip Orion van het Amerikaanse ruimtevaartagentschap NASA, met succes voorbij de maan. De capsule kon naderen tot een afstand van 130 kilometer en maakte vervolgens enkele indrukwekkende beelden. Die worden nu door NASA gedeeld.
We hebben er dan wel drie dagen op moeten wachten, NASA heeft de (gedetailleerde) beelden van de maan eindelijk gedeeld. Het gaat om foto’s van de achterkant van de maan die drie dagen geleden door de Orion-capsule gemaakt werden.
Orion maakt deel uit van de onbemande Artemis 1-missie. Deze missie is bedoeld om alle systemen te testen. De volgende Artemis-vlucht staat gepland voor 2024. Dan moet het ruimteschip met vier mensen aan boord rond de maan vliegen. Rond 2025 moeten mensen weer voet op de maan zetten, voor het eerst sinds 1972.
De Orion bestaat uit twee delen. In het voorste, Amerikaanse deel komen later de astronauten te zitten. Het achterste deel, dat voor energie en voortstuwing zorgt, is door Europa ontwikkeld. Daar zitten ook de zonnepanelen, die zijn ontwikkeld en gebouwd door Airbus Nederland uit Leiden. Die panelen wekken meer energie op dan verwacht, zei de NASA eerder.
Just about everyone has heard of Area 51, the famous "secret base" that might or might not be holding aliens - and that may be alive or not. There is, however, something strange about Area 51 - and at other top secret facilities, too. As you'll see now. From 2003 to 2009 I lectured at Ryan Wood's annual UFO Crash-Retrieval Conference, which was held in Las Vegas, Nevada. As is so often the case at such conferences, an attendee came up to me at the 2008 event with a very strange story to tell. Aged around thirty he said that his now-retired father had worked out at Area 51 in the early 1980s, specifically in the development of Stealth technology for military aircraft. The guy said that on several occasions, in the 1990s, he had asked his father about the rumors of crashed UFOs and dead aliens held at the secret base. His father said that the only thing he knew about aliens at Area 51 came from watching TV shows. Indeed, he told his son that he had never seen any evidence at all of alien-related activity at Area 51. But, there was one strange event that the man was willing to share with his son - and which was then shared with me. The story told to me was that on one occasion in January 1981, a pedal bike was found deep in a remote part of thevast amount of land that is collectively known as Area 51. Yes, a bicycle. The highly-sophisticated sensors that are carefully placed all around the facility had picked up the sudden presence of something not far from one such sensor. So, a security team was quickly sent out to investigate. It was that team, I was told, which found the bike. But, there was something very strange about the bicycle: it was extensively damaged - as if it had plummeted to the ground from a great height.
(Nick Redfern) The world's most secret base
Had it fallen from an aircraft? Probably not! It's a fact that unauthorized flights over Area 51, and in the immediate vicinity, are treated very seriously. Any such event over the base would have resulted in drastic (maybe even deadly...) action. And, of course, the base would likely have gone on lock-down. Even NASA's astronauts have almost found themselves in trouble for photographing the facility from space. The guy who shared the story with me said that the finding of the bike was a matter of deep concern: how had it got there? Where was the rider? Who was the rider? Why did the bike look like it had fallen from a great height? There were no answers. As a result, the investigation was finally closed down. Quiet and concerned discussion of the weird affair apparently continued for quite some time though, among those who had heard of it. The whole thing, the man told me, became a bit "of a legend." No doubt!
Now, let's move onto the U.K.'s Porton Down facility. It's located in the English county of Wiltshire. Its overwhelmingly-classified work focuses to a very significant degree on exotic viruses, chemical-warfare and biological-warfare. Although work at Porton Down originally, and secretly, began at the height of the tumultuous First World War, it was not until the dawning of the 1940s that the installation became the central hub for British interest in, and concerns relative to, the expanding realms of chemical- and biological-warfare. From 1946 onward, one year after the successful defeat of Nazi Germany, Porton Down’s work began to focus more on the defensive – rather than chiefly offensive – aspects of such issues, and in 1957 the installation was duly christened the Microbiological Research Establishment. By the late-1970s, a decision was made to place the MRE under the control of a civil body. As a result, significant reorganization duly occurred: on April 1, 1979, the MRE became the Center for Applied Microbiology and Research. Then, in 1995, it was absorbed into the Defense Evaluation and Research Agency. Six years later, there was yet another change: DERA split into two organizations, a private body called QinetiQ, and the Defense Science and Technology Laboratory, a body steeped in official secrecy, as a result of the fact that it is an arm of the Ministry of Defense. After that, the facility became known as DSTL, Porton Down.
All of which brings us to a very strange story. Jonathan Downes is the director of the U.K.-base Center for Fortean Zoology. But, it's not just strange creatures like Bigfoot, Nessie, and Mothman that have attracted Downes' attention. It's the issue of Crop Circles too. For years, there have been rumors of classified, military/government investigations into the Crop Circle phenomenon in the U.K. Downes publicly stated something that may have had a bearing on those same rumors. He said, in 2000: "I am aware that midway through 1996 on land adjacent to the Government’s chemical and biological research establishment at Porton Down, Wiltshire, a Crop Circle was found. When it was first seen, the circle was still in the process of being formed and had actually been surrounded by both troops and police who had cordoned off the area." I have heard variations on this very odd story over the years, suggesting that an intricate formation was indeed found within the grounds of Porton Down in the mid-90s. Whether it was the work of fence-jumping circle-makers of a very human mind, or the work of something much stranger, is very much still open to debate. Of course, if the formation really was forming as the police and the military watched on, then that effectively rules out a human connection.
(Nick Redfern) A Crop Circle and Porton Down - a strange connection!
It’s a fact that most people who have studied the claims of Bob Lazar focus their attentions on what he had to say about the UFOs allegedly held at S-4, as well as his statements concerning Element 115. There is one issue which doesn’t get the attention that it really should. It’s a part of Lazar’s story which takes things down a path that is filled with disturbing revelations involving the afterlife. One of the many briefing papers that Lazar said he read at S-4 stated that the aliens refer to us, the human race, as what we would call “Containers.” But, containers of what? Well, that’s where things get really controversial. Lazar told KLAS-TV’s George Knapp “religion was created so we have some rules and regulations for the sole purpose of not damaging the containers.”
There followed an awkward conversation which saw Knapp pressing for answers, and Lazar almost squirming because of the nightmarish nature of the story. That’s hardly surprising, because the claimed big secret is that the aliens have an interest in the human soul. Worse, though, they allegedly use the human soul in a way that the U.S. Government doesn’t fully understand. Or, that the government does know, but does not know how to tell the world the awful truth. One of the theories is truly terrifying: that the aliens “feed” on the human soul, on our life-force. In this scenario, the earth is a farm and we are the cattle. On our deaths our souls are reaped and the life-energy sustains the aliens. Far out? Definitely. But, Lazar stands by what he read in those briefing papers. The soul angle has led some UFO researchers to believe that the aliens are actually nothing of the sort. Rather, the theory is that they are high-tech demons! What a story! And, what about the alien that Lazar saw at the S-4 base. Or didn't.
One of the lesser known aspects of the Bob Lazar controversy is that which suggests he just might have seen an alien entity at Area 51 – a live one, no less. The story gets very little publicity, but it’s fascinating in the extreme. The issue of aliens – alive, dead or both at Area 51 -first surfaced from Lazar in early 1989. When asked about that specific matter by George Knapp, Lazar quickly shot down the question in an awkward fashion and changed the subject. Later, though, in what was a private, rather than public, interview, Lazar opened up a bit more. What he had to say was brief but amazing – if true, of course. According to Lazar, “I walked down the hallway at one time I was working down there, and there were these doors – the doors that go to the hangar are smaller than the doors in the corridors and have a 9-inch or 12-inch square window with little wires running through it, just about head level. And as I was walking by, I just glanced in and I noticed – at a quick glance – there were two guys in white lab coats, facing me towards the door.”
Lazar then got to the heart of the matter: the two men were looking down at a small, humanoid figure with long arms, seemingly talking to it. Although Lazar only saw the entity for a second or so, he was in no doubt about what it appeared to be. I say “appeared” because Lazar himself wondered if this was some kind of set-up. He said of this possibility: “Maybe they stuck a doll in front of these guys and made me walk by it and look at it, just to see what my reaction would be.” Such a thing is not at all impossible, as the following brief, but notable, comment from Lazar makes clear: “They play so many mind games there [italics mine].” While enthusiastic UFO researchers may dearly want to believe that living aliens are at Area 51, Lazar’s carefully worded statement suggests we should exercise restraint on this issue – at least until, or if, further vindication comes along.
How about a strange story that came out of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, USA? History is made in many and varied ways. For “Harry Palmer” it occurred deep below Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio in the 1980s. I know this, as Palmer contacted me on a dark September 2014 night to share a very strange story – and after reading my 2012 book, The Real Men in Black. As Palmer revealed, he had debated for weeks as to whether or not he should take the plunge and speak to me. On the one hand, he wanted to get my opinions on what it was that he encountered. But, on the other hand, he was somewhat concerned about the possibility of his revelations causing “troubles” – specifically with Uncle Sam. It was around 11:00 p.m. when we started chatting and it was well into the early hours when we finally wrapped things up. I spent the entire time on my back, stretched out on the couch and listening carefully. Although Palmer was somewhat hesitant at first, he soon gained his wits and opened up. What follows is a summary of the strange and sinister experience found himself in, more than a quarter of a century earlier.
Wright-Patterson AFB is a highly secure military installation that has a reputation for allegedly being the home of a number of well-preserved – and some not so well-preserved – corpses of dead aliens, presumably recovered from more than a few UFO crashes. Many UFO skeptics ignore or write-off such claims. Harry Palmer knows better. It was a winter’s night in 1988 when Palmer was ordered to report to one particular building on the base that he had never previously been in, one which was connected to a certain weapons-storage area. On doing so, he was met by three very pale men dressed in dark suits; they directed him to a door which, when opened, revealed a large elevator on the other side. Silently, the black-clad trio motioned him into the elevator. He quickly realized he was descending – and to a fairly deep degree. He was then ushered into a corridor, which had a large vault-like door at its end. One of the three men opened it, and in a strange high-pitched voice, ordered him into the vault. The same man pointed at a large container – perhaps nine feet in length and five feet in width – and ordered Palmer to take a look inside. He did as he was told and was shocked – to the point of feeling nauseous and clammy – by the sight of a badly damaged body of what he, Palmer, could only guess was an extraterrestrial: the head was large, the eyes were huge and black, and the severed torso was skinny.
(Nick Redfern) Dead aliens at Wright-Patterson or a very strange test of national security?
In seconds, Palmer was forcibly taken from the room, then taken to yet another room, and then ordered to sign a document that effectively said that if he ever spoke of what he saw he would be prosecuted to the extent of the law for violating U.S. national security. After signing the document, a deeply worried Palmer was taken back up the elevator and unceremoniously left there to make his way back to his normal place of work. Clearly, this affair makes no sense at all – unless someone was playing weird mind-games with Palmer, although for what bizarre reason one can scarcely guess. After all, why even show him the body in the first place? His work at the base had zero to do with UFOs. The whole thing, I told Palmer, seemed like some bizarre theatrical event, but for whatever purpose was anyone’s guess. Palmer agreed. There was a curious afterword to this particular story: the very day after Palmer contacted me, he received four hang-up phone calls in the early hours of the morning. It was something which led him to regret sharing his experience with me, as he admitted, when he called me back the following night. That I told him hang-up calls in the dead of night – and specifically in relation to UFO issues - were typically attributed to the Men in Black, didn’t really help him to relax. How could it?
“Don’t use my real name if you publish this,” a worried Palmer said, before hanging up with not even a solitary “goodbye.” Yep, another weird night in almost a lifetime of them. After speaking with Palmer for the second and final time, I had to wonder what, exactly, a group of clearly non-human MIB were doing in the depths of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base on that mystery-filled night in 1988. Were they working alongside the military? Have the MIB infiltrated the U.S. Government? If so, which side is in control? Is anyone in control? It was questions like these that made me wonder just how weird the MIB issue really was – and still is. And how weird those bases are, too!
Some Bizarre Fossils and Ancient Artifacts That Should Not Exist
Some Bizarre Fossils and Ancient Artifacts That Should Not Exist
Brent Swancer
History can be a. difficult thing to try and comprehend. We are mostly left to look at written accounts and artifacts left behind by people from the past to try and peer through a foggy window into time. Going out beyond that we get into prehistory, the realm of dusting off fossils and trying somehow to piece together the natural history of our planet through the fossilized remains of the creatures that once inhabited past eras before humans were not even a glint in the eye of the universe. The fossil record of course is patchy, fossils are rare, and we have far from a complete picture of the millions of years that preceded our arrival. We are constantly unearthing new species and even whole new types of amazing organisms from the fossil record, and it can be quite wondrous. Yet, every once in a while there is a supposed fossil find that truly is meant to shake the foundations of what we think we know. From humans walking amongst the dinosaurs to mysterious prehistoric giants, here are some of the weirdest alleged fossils and ancient artifacts that should in no way exist
Some of the more well-known and numerous of what are often called “impossible fossils” are anomalous human tracks impressed into ancient rock that seem to stride up right alongside the lumbering dinosaurs that once crashed across the earth, as if there were humans out taking a stroll with the terrible lizards of before the dawn of time. This was a time long before humans or even our most remote ancestors were anything more than tiny rodent-like creatures cowering in the dark from the looming, terrifying presence of our hulking reptilian overlords, yet some weird findings seem to almost absurdly suggest that there were modern humans walking around.
By far the most controversial such case is a discovery made in 1908, along the Paluxy River of Texas, in the United States, near the city of Glen Rose at a place called Dinosaur Valley State Park. The area gets its name from the numerous well-preserved fossilized dinosaur footprints found meandering across the ancient river bed, but what wouldn’t be expected are the remnants of what appeared to be human tracks as well. These anomalous tracks became quite the tourist attraction during the 1930s, but were eventually discredited by a paleontologist named Ronald Bird, who came to the conclusion that some of the mysterious tracks were simply misidentified tracks of bipedal dinosaurs, which had been twisted by time and the way they were imprinted so as to look vaguely human, and others were actual fake forgeries chiseled into the rock by enterprising locals in order to draw in more visitors and of course make money.
This was not the last word on the Paluxy tracks, also called the Burdick Tracks, and in the 1970s they were embraced by Creationists, which will become a running theme throughout this article, but the tracks themselves have largely been debunked on several occasions by paleontologists claiming that they are actually just elongated prints from known dinosaurs. Nevertheless, it is interesting to note that the “human” footprints of the Paluxy River have managed to remain debated and discussed to this day, with numerous Creationist sites touting their authenticity and claiming conspiracy theories of a cover up by the scientific community. Indeed, there have been ongoing digs carried out there and new finds reportedly made by creationists all the way up to the present.
The most mysterious, oft-discussed, and most recently discovered of the anomalous tracks found at the Paluxy River is one most often referred to as the Alvis-Delk track, or just the Delk print, which is rather bizarrely an imprint of an Acrocanthosaurus track overlaying with what appears to be the print of a human foot measuring around 11 inches long. It is baffling in that it looks very much like a human made a print in the mud, only for the dinosaur to come lumbering by moments later and squish right into it. This particular bizarre track was supposedly found in 2000, by an Alvis Delk and James Bishop, who apparently removed it and had it sent to a laboratory, where it underwent vigorous X-ray and CT scan analysis and was allegedly found to have not been carved or altered in any way.
It is all very intriguing, but of course the footprint has been the target of much skepticism, especially since it has been kept hidden away by the Creation Evidence Museum in Glen Rose, Texas, and most of the information available on the print has been released by creationists, which is perhaps enough to raise a few eyebrows for many. There is also not much that can be done to corroborate the veracity of the original analysis, and subsequent looks at the photos by paleontologists have produced criticism that the track does not seem to be genuine, leading to the idea that the print was nothing more than a forgery crafted by Delk for money. A good, detailed analysis of the mystery print can be found here for those who are interested. Whatever the case may be, the Delk track has continued to be controversial and debated.
While certainly the most well known of these anomalous prehistoric human footprints, the numerous, mostly officially debunked Paluxy tracks are far from the only examples found over the years. In the 1880s there was discovered some fossilized tracks in Jackson County, Kentucky, embedded in a layer of rock dating back to the Carboniferous Period, from about 359.2 to 299 million years ago. There in the stone were found some assorted tracks, including two clear human footprints, as well as what looked like those of a horse and a bear, none of which had any business roaming the swamps of this prehistoric era.
There was also a human footprint discovered in 1987 by paleontologist Jerry MacDonald in the U.S. state of New Mexico. MacDonald came across a sheet of rock from the Permian Period, 290 to 248 million years ago, that possessed the tracks of several ancient birds and assorted wildlife, as well as a clearly defined human footprint. Interestingly, once again, none of these tracks, human or not, should have been there in that stone, yet there they apparently were. The puzzling finding featured in a 1992 article in the Smithsonian Magazine, and still has not been satisfactorily explained. There have even purportedly been truly outlandish findings of what appear to be actual shoe prints in prehistoric rock, such as that found in a seam of 15-million-year-old coal at Fisher Canyon, Nevada. The size 13 footprint bizarrely shows what appears to be the imprint of the sole of a shoe, complete with visible stitching and uneven wear and tear. Natural phenomena or evidence of time travel? Who knows?
Some of these impossible handprints, footprints, and other weird fossils don’t even always appear to be from normal humans at all, but rather from some sort of giants. Take a fossilized footprint found near the towns of Mpaluzi and Lothair, South Africa, right on the Swaziland border. Called the “Goliath’s Footprint,” it seems to be a very human looking print pressed into the prehistoric stone, measuring a whopping four feet long and estimated as having been imprinted over 200 million years ago. Many skeptics point out that it is most likely just a very strange looking natural formation. There is also a “giant’s footprint” found in 1925 in the area of Bushy Peak, California, by a James Higgins, which measured 5 feet long, as well as prints of even greater size in the same region, which were written of in an article in the Hayward Semi-Weekly:
Pioneer residents claim a “footprint” similar to the description given by Higgins of the one on Bushy Peak, only of greater size can be seen on the John Bunting ranch near the Mission San Jose.This footprint measures nearly eight feet in its length. It is said, and is very deeply embedded In solid rock.The third mysterious foot mar is said to hare been seen on the Indian Reservation, near the Pleasant Valley road, between Sunol and Pleasanton. This footprint, like the others, is of immense size and deeply marked on a granite cliff.
Is this indicative that giants once roamed the earth, and left their inscrutable footprints etched into history? It is quite probable that these are natural anomalies or even hoaxes, yet many insist that these are true unexplained mysteries deserving of further attention. In the end, with all of these cases we are left with some rather compelling, yet ultimately not very helpful "evidence." It is just incredibly difficult to fit such fossils into what we know of natural history without having to rewrite everything. From what we know of evolution and the fossil record these findings should be impossible, there should be nothing even approaching human remains or footprints dating back tens or even hundreds of millions of years, and considering that there is nothing to prove any of this either way it has made for a perfect environment for endless debate and wild theories.
Of course creationists love this sort of thing, as it is a chance for them to latch onto some sort of evidence that humans did in fact co-exist with dinosaurs, yet how this helps their view that the Earth is young when these rocks date back hundreds of millions of years is anyone's guess. There are also the wild theories that this is indicative of the existence of time travel, with these explorers accidentally leaving evidence of their passing behind during their journeys through the recesses of ancient history and prehistory, and there is even the idea that ancient aliens could be behind such finds. While it seems so exciting to think that our natural history could be so spectacularly misunderstood up to now, it seems more likely that sadly this is mostly either hoaxed evidence or misinterpretation of natural phenomena, but whatever the case may ultimately be we are unable at this point to say for sure whether any of these discoveries are real or deduce what they mean. We just don't know, and they are curious oddities that will likely continue to fuel debate no matter what one's personal opinion might be.
Besides fossil footprints are relics or artifacts that have emerged to shatter what we understand of our Earth’s history, sending spiderwebs of cracks through what we thought we could see and distorting our sense of what we think we know, something so jarringly out of place as to make us question even reality itself. Here we have strange objects from the depths of time that have been dug up only to remain anomalies stuck in some fringe realm of history like strange ancient insects in amber, and indeed by all rights should not even exist at all.
If finding a fossilized human footprint or shoe print isn’t weird enough for you, how about finding an actual fossilized shoe? A curious account was first published in 1999 in a book called Why Do Men Believe Evolution Against All Odds? by Carl Baugh. Within the book is contained the strange case of a decidedly odd discovery supposedly made in 1980 at a creek bed near Iraan in west Texas. Amateur archeologist Jerry Stone reportedly was looking through the area when he stumbled across a leather boot which was claimed to have within it an actual fossilized human foot. The boot and its foot were apparently taken in for analysis, when the foot was purportedly found to be around 40 million years old, while the boot was not fossilized at all, and was estimated to have been manufactured in the 1950s. No explanation was given as to why the human foot should be fossilized while the boot remained normal.
Of course this bizarre artifact was snatched up by the Creationist Evidence Museum, where they claim it was subjected to various tests in 1997 and 2006, the findings which have been kept under wraps. Interestingly, the boot was suddenly removed from display for unexplained reasons, and has never been offered for independent analysis, which along with the lack of available lab results makes it all rather suspicious indeed. Despite the fact that there is no way at all to know if this boot was ever really examined or if it ever really even existed or not, there have nevertheless been efforts to try and explain it, such as that the boot had become filled with some sort of sediment that hardened and gave the impression of a fossil foot, or that it was even the result of the foot being liquified from the fall of an airplane, after which the flesh re-hardened into what appeared to be stone.
Without any further documentation there is no way to know at all how true any of it is or just what we are supposed to think of this one, and the so-called “Limestone Cowboy” remains just a weird curiosity that we will never be able to prove or disprove, fertile grounds for conspiracy theories. A similarly strange fossil find was made in 1968 in the state of Utah, where an apparent fossilized sandal was found in a chunk of rock about 300 million to 600 million years old, right beside the fossil of a trilobite. Even more amazingly, the trilobite in question, a creature which it is worth mentioning died out 280 million years ago, even appears to have been actually stepped on and crushed by the sandal. Time traveller, ancient alien, hoax? In addition to footprints there are also even supposed fossilized handprints, such as one that was apparently found in the 1995 near the city of Weatherford, Texas. The fossil shows what appears to be a human hand with clear fingers splayed out, pressed into Cretaceous rock that is estimated to be around 110 million years old, with the Creation Evidence Museum saying of it:
The fossil handprint(sic) is so specific that it displays impressions of the thumbnail, impressions of the tissue webbing between the thumb and index finger, and the impression left by penetration of the middle finger into the mud.
Considering that there is very little information on who found it or under what circumstances, plus the fact that it is another specimen kept by the Creation Evidence Museum and that no data has been released, this is another one that can be filed as questionable. Perhaps equally questionable is a supposed fossilized human hand print complete with fossil human finger kept by the museum, which is claimed to have been pulled up from Cretaceous limestone at the Commanche Peak Limestone formation in Texas. Speaking of strange fossilized remains, in 1981 archeologist Ed Conrad was inspecting an area of prehistoric coal dating back to the Carboniferous Era, around 360 million years ago, when he uncovered what appeared to be a human skull embedded within. How did it get there? No one really knows.
In June of 1936 there was a truly bizarre discovery made in London, Texas, in the United States, by a middle-aged couple who had been just out for a leisurely stroll near their home. During their walk, Max and Emma Hahn spotted something odd on the ground ahead of them and went to investigate what looked to be a rock with a piece of wood strangely protruding from it.
Curious as to why there should be this length of wood sticking out of a rock in the middle of nowhere, Max took it home and went about breaking the rock open. After breaking pieces of the rock away with a hammer and chisel, the couple were startled to see that the wood appeared to be the remnants of a handle of some sort of metal hammer head firmly encased within the rock. This is quite odd enough as it is, but it would get even stranger still when they took the unusual finding to a museum and the rock itself was found to be more than 400 million years old, and the head of the hammer itself was estimated at perhaps 500 million years old, with parts of its handle having supposedly begun to turn to coal over the eons as a testament to its vast age. Yet the object was obviously artificial, perfectly formed and the head possessing iron with a purity that could not occur in nature, unmistakably a hammer. How could this be?
The discovery was baffling, as of course there could not have been anyone around to fashion such a hammer so long ago, so was this the work of aliens, time travelers, or what? Creationists were certainly quick to jump on the discovery as well, and speculation soared. However, in the end although it is certainly odd, there is likely a more rational explanation. The problem is that the type of rock the hammer was found in, ancient limestone, is soft and could have been soluble and malleable enough to mold and form a concretion around the object over time under the right conditions, meaning a modern object such as a hammer could feasibly find its way into the midst of 400-million-year-old rock replete with fossils of long extinct organisms.
Although this would be very rare and unusual, it still is seen as more probable than a modern human being losing a hammer hundreds of millions of years ago. In the end we will probably never know, as the so-called London Hammer has not since been studied and the hammer head itself has never been reliably carbon dated for its age, just the rock around it. Making answers all the more elusive is the fact that the mysterious hammer now resides at the Creation Evidence Museum, which is obviously run by creationists who don’t seem to want it examined any further, meaning we will likely never know what is going on here or even what truth any of it holds.
The London Hammer
The London Hammer is reminiscent of other seemingly modern tools, parts, and equipment that have been anomalously found within stone or other materials that are often millions of years old. In 1820 some tools such as hammers and picks were found suspended in a layer of ancient limestone 50 feet below the ground at a stone quarry in Aix-en-Provence, France. Then, in 1852 a drill bit of all things was found ensconced within a solid chunk of coal that had been buried within a bed of ancient prehistoric clay and boulders in Scotland. There was no sign of any puncture in the coal or any indication as to how the drill bit could have been inserted within it, suggesting that it had been there when the coal formed, hundreds of millions of years ago.
More recently, in 1961 a group of friends in Olancha, California were looking for geodes when they found within one of them a modern spark of all things, and allegedly a geologist estimated the object as being 500,000 years old. In October of 1996 a group of researchers in the Kaluga region of western Russia located a screw complete with the fully formed head and nut embedded within rock that was found to be 300 to 350 million years old. Examination by various scientists showed that the object is most certainly artificial, but as to how it got into that rock no one knows.
Some other anomalous ancient artifacts are a little harder to adequately classify, and defy easy categorization. In 1885, a strange object was found by an iron smelter at a foundry in Vocklabruck, Austria. There, within a block of solid coal, was discovered a perfectly-formed cuboid object of what seemed to be iron or some other type of metal, measuring 2.64 by 2.64 by 1.85 inches and weighing 1.73 pounds, its purpose unknown. The outlandish cube-like object was sent to the Salzburg Museum, where it was analyzed by the Austrian physicist Karl Gurls and found to be made not of iron, but rather of a strange alloy composing steel and nickel, although it would later be deemed to be actually made of a forged iron. Further analysis showed that the object, whatever it was, was too precise in shape and made of too refined a metal to have been caused by any known naturally occurring phenomenon such as a meteorite strike, and was most likely machine-tooled and even probably just a part of a larger device or mechanism, although what type no one knows. What has come to be known as the Salzburg Cube or the Wolfsegg Iron has apparently been studied by scientists at the Geological Institute of Austria, who have also come to the conclusion that it seems to indeed be indeed artificial, and the object has even been featured in an 1886 edition of the scientific journal Nature, as well as an 1887 issue of the French journal L’Astronomie.
What was this strange object and how did it get within a chunk of coal dating to tens of millions of years ago? Was it truly a manufactured object, and if so what sort of enigmatic mechanism did it once belong to? It is difficult to tell for sure, as the Salzburg Cube has since disappeared completely, leaving only these vague 19th century reports behind. It might have been lost, misplaced, mislabeled, or filed away in some darkened backroom of a museum collection somewhere gathering dust, perhaps even stolen for unknown reasons. We only know for sure that it did exist, but without modern scientific analysis we will probably never know for sure what it was. Mysterious technology of the ancients, aliens in prehistory, time travelers, or unknown natural phenomena? Who knows?
Another truly bizarre historic discovery was made near Nampa, in Idaho, the United States in 1889 by workers who were in the process of digging a water well. The project necessitated drilling equipment, and at a depth of 300 feet under the earth a very strange object was spat forth from the steam pump of the machine, regurgitated up from the subterranean depths. There lying upon the ground was a miniature, brown figurine of some sort, which upon examination seemed to be made of some sort of clay. The figure had come up with a myriad of chunks and balls of the same material, and it was all coated with what was believed to be iron oxide. What was truly remarkable about the figurine was that it was a very skillfully carved likeness of what seemed to be a human woman, striking in its detail, including even faint markings that might be meant to represent clothing and jewelry. George Frederick Wright, a geologist at the Boston Society of Natural History, would later describe its discovery and the figure itself:
The record of the well shows that they had penetrated first about fifty feet of soil, then about fifteen feet of basalt, and afterwards passed through alternate beds of clay and quicksand, down to a depth of about three hundred feet when the sand pump began to bring up numerous clay balls, some of them more than two inches in diameter, densely coated with iron oxide. There is no ground to question the fact that this image came up in the sand pump from the depth reported. The object is about an inch and a half long, and remarkable for the perfection with which it represents the human form. It was a female figure, and had the lifelike lineaments in the parts which were finished that would do credit to the classic centers of art.
The thing is, how did it get into that strata deep down in the earth? The mysterious figurine was sent to be studied, and was found to have quartz grains that had been cemented by iron molecules, hinting at a vast age, and the rock where it was found was estimated to be around 2 million years old. This is obviously strange considering that this was the age of Homo habilis and Homo erectus, and these human ancestors at this point in time were not making detailed clay figurines, and even if they were why should it resemble in any way at all a modern human woman complete with clothing and jewelry?
The so-called Nampa Figurine has of course been used to challenge current theories of human evolution and migration, with one researcher and author of The Hidden History of the Human Race, Michael Cemo, writing of it:
Other than Homo sapiens sapiens, no hominid is known to have fashioned works of art like the Nampa figurine. The evidence therefore suggests that humans of the modern type were living in America at the Plio-Pleistocene age which dates about 2 million years ago. According to current Darwinian theories of evolution, figurines like the Idaho image are made only by humans of the modern type, who came into existence only about 200,000 years ago.
It is a far-out theory indeed, and there have been other ideas as well, such as that this was dropped off by a time traveler or that it was, of course, aliens. However, skeptics have pointed out that the figurine may be more modern than it seems, and may have been lying on the surface before drilling even began, or that it was even an intentionally crafted hoax. Nevertheless, much controversy and debate has surrounded the Nampa Figurine, and its origins remain wreathed in mystery and lost to time. Equally as perplexing and controversial is a discovery allegedly made in 1938 in the Baian-Kara-ula mountains on the border of China and Tibet, by Chinese archeologist and professor Chi Pu Tei. His expedition purportedly came across an underground network of tunnels, caves, and caverns that seemed to have been artificially excavated, leaving smooth glazed walls suggesting some immense heat had been used. Tei claimed that within this strange subterranean world they had found pictograms carved into the walls, which depicted star systems, the sun, and the moon, and even more bizarrely graves that supposedly held the remains of tiny humanoids measuring about 4 feet tall and with outsized heads. Perhaps even stranger were the objects they found half buried in the earth all around them.
The objects in question were a series of over 700 perfectly circular discs measuring up to a foot across, and which were said to have two grooves that emanated out from a perfectly round, 3/4" hole in the center to form a double spiral. Within the spirals were claimed to be minuscule hieroglyphics of an unknown type, so small that they were barely visible to the naked eye, and which required a magnifying glass to make out in any significant detail. Although this would have been seen as a monumental discovery, the discs allegedly found themselves looked away in storage at Beijing university for decades until 1962, when Chinese archeologist Tsum Um Nui supposedly took a look at them and the story would get even more bizarre still.
After careful analysis of the discs, this Tsum Um Nui claimed that he had actually managed to decipher them, and that they told an epic tale and often tragic tale of visitors from the stars. According to Nui, the discs spoke of a spaceship that had crashed into the mountains carrying a contingent of alien beings called the Dropa. The crash smashed the ship beyond their ability to repair, and so these mysterious beings had been forced to find refuge in the mountains and adapt to life on Earth, creating the tunnels and caverns in the process. The discs even supposedly give the harrowing account of some of these Dropa being mercilessly slaughtered by the Han Chinese.
It sounds completely absurd, and the general scientific community agreed, refusing to publish Nui’s paper on the matter and generally looking upon his claims with raised eyebrows and outright disdain. According to some accounts, the archeologist was even forbidden from even talking about the discs anymore after that, but the whole weird tale caught the attention of Russian scientist W. Saitsew, who apparently acquired some of the discs and studied them himself in 1968. Saitsew allegedly found the composition of the discs to be quite odd, comprised of a strange mix of cobalt and other metals that made the surface nearly impenetrably hard and deepening the mystery of the hieroglyphs etched upon them. He also claimed to have discovered that when placed on a specialized turntable the discs hummed and oscillated as if they had once held an electrical charge or served as conductors of some type.
It is unclear what happened to what have come to be known as the Dropa Discs after this, and Tsum Um Nui himself allegedly fled China to Japan, where he vanished into obscurity. We are left with very little to go on, and indeed there is much to cast doubt on whether the Dropa Discs ever even existed at all. For one there are no discs now to examine, with the estimated 712 discs all allegedly disappearing over the years. There is also rather suspiciously a lack of any photographic documentation of them at all. The only supposed photographs of the Dropa Discs were purportedly taken by the Austrian engineer Ernst Wegerer, who apparently located two of the discs during a visit to the Banpo Museum in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province in 1974. However, the photographs are fairly controversial and the discs themselves are obscured by camera flash.
The Dropa Discs
Other damning evidence against the existence of the Dropa Discs is that there are no real official scientific papesr written on them, with only the writings of Tsum Um Nui, the Russian scientists, and some second or third hand accounts to go on, and these are of questionable veracity at best. In fact, Tsum Um Nui appears to have no mention in any university or academic institution as an archeologist, and indeed it has been pointed out that Tsum Um Nui isn’t even a real Chinese name at all. There are likewise no official museum records to show that such discs were ever within their collections, nor is there any official documentation of the Chi Pu Tei expedition that supposedly found them in the first place, and indeed there is no way to know if it ever happened at all. Considering such a lack of any concrete evidence, if the Dropa Discs ever did exist then the Chinese have gone through great efforts to cover it all up. Perhaps more likely is that this is an intriguing archeological urban legend that has sort of taken up a life of its own. Regardless, these mysterious discs crafted by unknown hands have continued to be discussed and debated to this day.
With such mindbogglingly strange artifacts of course there have been numerous theories proposed over the years. One is that our understanding human technological development may be incorrect or skewed. Perhaps these ancient peoples were more advanced than previously thought, but we are still left with the conundrum that such discoveries are isolated and unique. If these civilizations had access to the ability to create such marvels, then where is the documentation of them and their schematics and plans? Indeed, if this technology was available shouldn’t there be more of these artifacts to be found rather than just single anomalies? Or was this perhaps just an expensive and exclusive technology and there are perhaps more examples out there that simply haven't been found? There is no way to know.
Other ideas branch further out into the fringe. Besides the obvious creationist theories, there are the ideas that this is evidence of ancient aliens meddling with human affairs, that these are evidence of time travel, or even that it is all indicative of some sort of inter-dimensional phenomena. Perhaps it is even something beyond our ability to understand, some new phenomenon that we have no inkling of. Whatever the case may be, there sure have been some strange things dug up from the earth and from below the sea, and these ancient mysteries will likely go on to puzzle and baffle for some time to come.
Intense UFO sighting: 4 huge lights over Villa Rica, Georgia, 2022
Intense UFO sighting: 4 huge lights over Villa Rica, Georgia,2022
Check out this interesting UFO sighting video filmed over Villa Rica, a city in Carroll and Douglas counties in the U.S. state of Georgia. This happened last month on 16th October and it was just recently shared online by Jaime Maussan (Mexican journalist, television personality and ufologist) on Twitter.
Commercial pilot Chris Van Voorhis on UAPs, Flying saucers & Safety
Commercial pilot Chris Van Voorhis on UAPs, Flying saucers & Safety
For his live chat replay, Chris Van Voorhis, an experienced pilot, discussed his various UFO encounters. He also talked about his experiences with the Race Track UAPs.
Massive, Unidentified Object Caught in Front of the Sun
In today’s video, we are going to show you some strange craft spotted near the sun, UFO footage that made NASA stop its live stream and a sudden hijacking of a solar observatory by the FBI.
Artemis 1 moon rocket cams! See launch and abort system jettison
A camera mounted on NASA's Artemis 1 Space Launch System rocket captured footage of its launch on Nov. 16, 2022. Also see the launch abort system jettison from another camera on the rocket.
NASA Shows Damage to Artemis SLS Launch Pad, Praises "Eye-watering" Rocket Performance - WSN Report
This is a short time-saving excerpt from the NASA management briefing on Monday, November 21st following the successful insertion of the Orion Spacecraft into lunar orbit.
The 2023 Bermuda Triangle
Join us as we look for the truth about the Triangle's alleged devastating power. And finally, we'll unveil a shocking theory that could entirely redraw the map and change the planet.
500,000 square miles of the Atlantic has terrified and baffled travelers, explorers, and even scientists for generations. It's been called the Devil's Triangle... Since the time of Christopher Columbus, these waters have been the scene of numerous strange and mysterious disasters and disappearances. Vessels, planes, and helpless travelers vanished without a trace. But where have they gone, and why?
A tsunami is a natural event that occurs when the displacement of a massive body of water causes a series of waves to become animated enough to form waves that could go high up to hundreds of feet. Watch these mega waves as they are caused by a variation of seismic activities, ranging from the piping hot powerful eruption of volcanoes to volatile earthquakes caused by the subduction of tectonic plates, especially the earthquakes that occur underneath ocean floors. Look at these waves which are capable of moving at speeds of up to 500 mph.
These fascinating yet terrifying waves of water have washed through several nations on earth throughout the planet’s entire history and as such, you may actually wonder which one might be the largest that ever swept through a region and what sort of devastation did it leave in its wake. Could it be the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami that ravaged Japan in such a catastrophic manner that it triggered a nuclear disaster, or the Sumatra tsunami that took thousands of lives in 14 countries? Let’s learn about the largest tsunamis ever recorded, where they occurred and how it affected the areas it descended upon.
The BIGGEST Tsunami`s in History Ever Recorde
NASA Just Detected A Massive, Unidentified Object Orbiting Earth
NASA Just Detected A Massive, Unidentified Object Orbiting Earth.
NASA captured an image of a mysterious black object orbiting the Earth in 1998, during the first Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS). It was an unidentified and unclaimed artificial satellite.
The first instance of its origin can be dated back to 1899 when Nikola Tesla performed some radio experiments.
Could this peculiar object really have come from ancient aliens? Or is it just a piece of space debris?
00:00 Nikola Tesla Receives Radio Signals from Space
03:10 ISS Spots Unidentified Object - Black Knight Satellite
Two Supermassive Black Holes Are Expected To Collide Within Next 3 Years And We Will Watch It In Real-Time
Two Supermassive Black Holes Are Expected To Collide Within Next 3 Years And We Will Watch It In Real-Time
One of the most awaited events in modern astronomy, according to astronomers, may soon be upon us.
According to research, fluctuations in light measurements from the galaxy SDSS J1430+center 2303's point to the possibility of a major collision between two supermassive black holes with a total mass of about 200 million Suns.
A supermassive black hole collision in real-time
The collision, coupled with the first black hole image taken by the Event Horizon Telescope, may rank among the greatest modern astronomical events if the scientists' interpretation of the data is right. In this situation, according to the scientists' data, the black holes will merge within the next three years, which is a very short period of time in the context of scientific studies.
The research results are available on the pre-print server ArXiv and have been accepted for publication in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.
Due to the gravitational waves that the first black hole merger caused to ripple through space-time, the event was discovered in 2015. However, the gravitational force from that collision continued to have an impact for years after it occurred, as did subsequent observations. As a result, the collision at the core of SDSS J1430+2303 might be the first time astronomers have had the opportunity to watch such an event take place.
In the run-up to this cosmic catastrophe, there is one significant caveat. The range of gravitational waves produced by supermassive black holes is too low for our existing gravitational wave detectors to pick up. Virgo and LIGO, both of which are capable of detecting ripples in the frequency produced by binary black holes, have thus far discovered almost all black hole mergers
The astronomers anticipate being able to observe the event's tremendous outpouring of light using other observatories, which will still produce light over the entire spectrum. If and when it occurs, it could greatly advance our understanding of the development of supermassive black holes.
Although there is some evidence that binary black hole mergers may be the cause of supermassive black holes' formation, we still don't fully understand how they grow to be that big.
Astronomers will focus their observatories on the area of space where the galaxy J1429+2303 could be about to witness a catastrophic supermassive black hole collision in order to examine the data before and after the event and better understand its implications as well as the processes that led up to it.
INSIDE AN ANCIENT POLISH SALT MINE THAT HAS UNDERGROUND LAKES, FULLY CARVED CHAPELS, AND CHANDELIERS MADE OF SALT
INSIDE AN ANCIENT POLISH SALT MINE THAT HAS UNDERGROUND LAKES, FULLY CARVED CHAPELS, AND CHANDELIERS MADE OF SALT
Inside an ancient Polish salt mine that has underground lakes, fully carved chapels, and chandeliers made of salt.
This Polish mine has fascinated millions of visitors, from the underground pools to an impressive carved chapel and is made entirely of salt
The Salt Mines of Wieliczka is located in the vicinity of Krakow and are on UNESCO World Heritage List since its construction in the 13th century, it has been explored by 45 million tourists.
Sitting on everyone’s kitchen counter is the kitchen staple so basic it’s borderline boring. And as I write, I’m already thinking of salt more than I have in this past year combined.
But the Wieliczka salt mine, near Krakow, Poland proves that salt can be a masterpiece on its own. The mine was first opened in the 13th century, and today, it’s a part of the First UNESCO World Heritage List.
For a reason! The salt mine, which reaches -1072 ft at its deepest point, features underground lakes, 2,000 chambers, and chapels equipped with enormous chandeliers. And if that wasn’t enough, every little thing is made of salt. The mine is so unreal, it brings to mind a level in Tomb Raider, rather than a place thanks to which I season my dinner.
Tourists visit The Saint Kinga’s Chapel in the Wieliczka Salt Mine.
The history of Wieliczka salt mine dates back to the Middle Ages when it used to be called the Magnum Sal, or the Great Salt. In the 13th century, it was the largest source of salt in the country, which was crucial to the country’s economy. Today, it’s one of the main tourist attractions in Poland.
Daily email contacted Aleksandra Sieradzka from the marketing and communications department at the Wieliczka Salt Mine to find out more about this breathtaking place.
Aleksandra told us that all the 2000 chambers in the mine are carved of salt. “The corridors and even the floor are made of salt.”
There two chapels of St. Kinga and St. Anthony that are both made entirely of salt, including the altars and the statues of saints that were carved by the sculptor miners. “The chandeliers also contain crystal salt—the purest type of salt.”
Salt may seem like a fragile and delicate material, but it has a hardness similar to that of gypsum. “The processing of salt itself is not difficult; however, in order to professionally carve in salt, one needs to have a lot of experience with this material,” explained Aleksandra.
“Every block of salt is different—it differs not only in size or hardness but also in color, which can be used in an interesting way in the act of creation.”
Aleksandra confirmed that, if you’re lucky, you can pop into a party or two at the Mine. “That is true, there are a couple of chambers where you can have a party. One big ballroom (Warszawa Chamber) and a few smaller ones. The Mine is famous for its New Year’s concerts that take place during the first weekend of January.”
We can only imagine how enormous the whole underground structure is because only 2% of it is accessible to tourists. Meanwhile, the salt mine corridors form an actual labyrinth that stretches up to a whopping 498 ft in length. There are 9 levels in total and the lowest one is located at 1072 ft below ground.
But Wieliczka is only the fifth-biggest salt mine out there. Ontario is home to the biggest one in the world, which is located 1800 ft under Lake Huron.
Compass Minerals’ Goderich salt mine is as deep as the CN Tower in Toronto is tall. The second-biggest is Khewra Salt Mines in Pakistan, and the third-place belongs to Prahova Salt Mine in Romania.
In 1974 we beamed a message into space, 27 years later we did receive a response
In 1974 we beamed a message into space, 27 years later we did receive a response
On November 16, 1974 SETI researchers at the Arecibo radio telescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, beamed a message into space. They fired it toward Messier 13, a globular cluster in the Hercules constellation, which rests 25,000 light years away.
The message composed by Dr. Frank Drake, Carl Sagan, and other scientists, was conveyed using frequency modulated radio waves, converting it into a three minute binary transmission consisting of roughly 210 bytes.
The transmission produced an image and when decoded, the message provides the following information:
Numbers from 1 to 10
The atomic numbers of the elements that form deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
The formulas for the sugars and bases in the nucleotides of DNA
The number of nucleotides in DNA, and the double helix structure
A human figure, the physical dimensions of an average man, and the human population of Earth
A representation of the Solar System
A graphic of the Arecibo radio telescope and the dimensions of the transmitting antenna dish
The signal was a million times stronger than the typical TV transmission. 27 years later in 2001, we did receive a response!
On August 21, 2001 two crop circles popped up near the Chilbolton Observatory in Hampshire, UK.
One resembled a human face but the other has since dubbed the "Arecibo Answer," as it contains a format nearly identical to the original 1974 transmission, albeit with a few changes.
Crop circle: "Arecibo Answer"
The response, when decoded, leaves us with several differences.
Most interestingly, however, is another message encoded within a crop circle (known as the Crabwood formation) that appeared in 2002, also in Hampshire, UK. This particular crop circle contains the image of an extraterrestrial along with a circle, or disc, containing yet another binary message. The message decoded using 8-bit binary ASCII code.
This woman from Florida claims to have concrete video evidence of a UFO sighting!
This woman from Florida claims to have concrete video evidence of a UFO sighting!
Chivonne, a woman who has a large following on social media, claimed that she has proof that a UFO was hovering over Florida on November 13. She shared a video of the alleged incident.
In the video, Chivonne can be seen saying that it’s a “f**king UFO.” She also posted several photos of what she claimed were the objects in the sky. She claims that there is proof of a UFO hovering over Orlando.
It’s not clear if the UFO was real or if it was a hoax, but if the object was spotted over a major metropolitan area, would people in the area react immediately?
Fighter jets from Eglin or MacDill could be dispatched to the area in just a couple of minutes. Since the government doesn’t play around with potential threats in the sky, there would have been helicopters and planes dispatched if the object was actually a UFO.
What could have been the object that was flying in the sky? It could be a light show that appeared in a pattern- Also, if you were to look at the object, you would have noticed that it didn’t appear to move.
Jacque Vallee is the legendary French UFO researcher who formed the basis for Steven Spielberg’s eccentric scientist in Close Encounters of The Third Kind. He has worked with every prominent player in UFOology since the 60’s including Dr. J. Alan Hynek who served as the Chief Science Advisor to project Blue Book, the Airforce’s UFO investigation program from 52′-69′.
Vallee has written multiple groundbreaking books that suggest “aliens” are actually interdimensional entities codirecting human evolution, not new visitors from Space. In this interview, he makes some fascinating new suggestions around the nature of these entities; we also discuss a real, secret project behind Project Bluebook, his model of reality and time and the commercial group that holds the secrets to the American UFO story.
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket launched the Eutelsat 10B satellite from Space Launch Complex 40 (SLC-40) at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida on Nov. 22, 2022. The first stage of the rocket was expended due to "performance needs" of the launch, according to SpaceX.
Credit:SpaceX
Watch SpaceX deploy Eutelsat 10B satellite in this view from space
SpaceX deployed the Eutelsat 10B communications shortly after launch on Nov. 22, 2022. A Falcon 9 rocket lofted the satellite into a geosynchronous transfer orbit - see the launch: https://www.space.com/spacex-falcon-9...
Credit: SpaceX
Artemis 1 spacecraft sees Earth rising beyond dark side of the moon
The Artemis 1 Orion spacecraft saw an Earthrise shortly after its "outbound powered flyby" of the moon on Nov. 21, 2022, according to NASA's Johnson SpaceCenter.
NASA's Artemis 1 Orion spacecraft aces close moon flyby in crucial engine burn:
Scientists Reveal Antarctica Is Not What We’re Being Told
The Earth is full of hidden mysteries that humans have barely scratched the surface of - one of these mysteries is the icy land of Antarctica. But what happens when all the ice melts? What kind of secrets do the sub-zero regions of Antarctica hold? The region's icy and harsh conditions have kept humanity from diving too deep. Everything that we have discovered so far has been a combination of fascinating and absolutely terrifying. From incredible creatures to never-before-seen natural phenomena, Antarctica is a land full of possibilities - and all you need to do is look beneath all the frozen water. Join us today as we take you through 15 terrifying things discovered in Antarctica that changed everything. Stay tuned till the end to see some pretty exciting stuff.
Neil deGrasse Tyson - Is The Big Bang Theory Wrong?
Astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson explains whether the big bang theory is wrong. Ideas about the origin of the universe have always made fascinating science. Most if not all astrophysicists use the Big Bang theory to explain how the universe began. But some people oppose the big bang while being generally uninformed about its fundamental tenets.
Astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson explains how Big-bang cosmology is not only based on the strength of many arguments but also from observational evidence.
The size of the whole universe is unknown, and it might be infinite in extent. Some parts of the universe are too far away for the light emitted since the Big Bang to have had enough time to reach Earth or space-based instruments, and therefore lie outside the observable universe.
According to Neil Tyson, progress has already been made to resolve some of the problems with the big bang. The most significant modification is known as inflationary cosmology, where the energetics of the very early universe passes through a phase that spontaneously triggers a period of extremely rapid expansion.
Neil deGrasse Tyson explains how scientific evidence in support of a theory sometimes takes you places where your senses have never been. He mentions the fact how science develops over time and how scientists are usually wrong, but science in the end still ends up correct.
New Scrollable Map of the Cosmos Reminds Us How Tiny We Really Are
New Scrollable Map of the Cosmos Reminds Us How Tiny We Really Are
It's unsettling to flip through a website scientists made that details the observable universe. I highly recommend doing it.
Monisha Ravisetti
The more we learn about the universe, the more strange it becomes we haven't yet found evidence of alien life.
Johns Hopkins University
When you open up Johns Hopkins University Professor Brice Ménard's "map of the observable universe," you're met with a geometric diagram overflowingwith thousands of rainbow freckles, each neatly organized by color. At the bottom of this diagram lies an unnerving phrase.
"You are here."
One negligible, barely visible dot on this graph represents our entire Milky Way galaxy -- a realm with billions of stars besides our own sun, and one we occupy such a small percentage of I don't even want to attempt writing it out.
With a single pixel, Ménard stunningly puts into perspective the cosmic brevity of everything we've ever truly known as human beings.
"This map, representing galaxies just as little dots, allows the viewer to basically understand different scales at the same time," Ménard said in an overview of the interactive mechanism. "Seeing the vastness of the universe -- it's quite inspiring."
Scrolling around the 200,000 galaxies in the map -- placed in accurate, relative positions to one another -- is calming because it reframes how inconsequential the footprint we place in the universe is. It's disturbing for precisely the same reason.
It draws a distinct parallel with Carl Sagan's famous quote about Voyager 1's breathtaking image of Earth from 1990, "Pale Blue Dot."
"Look again at that dot. That's here. That's home. That's us," Sagan said. "On it everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives. The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every 'superstar,' every 'supreme leader,' every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there -- on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam."
A 2020 remaster of Voyager 1's 1990 "pale blue dot" image showing Earth as tiny speck in space.
NASA/JPL-Caltech
Though if you're blown away by the deceptively concise magnitude of Ménard's map, consider how it doesn't even account for every galaxy in the universe. In reality, NASA estimates there are something like a hundred billion galaxies unfolding eternities beyond our own.
We'd need an unfathomable level of observable universe cartography to encapsulate the full breadth of the cosmos.
Slice of our universe
Along with a cadre of scientists, Ménard used data mined over two decades by what's known as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.
"Astrophysicists around the world have been analyzing this data for years, leading to thousands of scientific papers and discoveries," Ménard said. "But nobody took the time to create a map that is beautiful, scientifically accurate, and accessible to people who are not scientists. Our goal here is to show everybody what the universe really looks like."
Once you click "explore the map" under the Milky Way galaxy label, you arrive at a screen prompting you to "scroll up to travel through the universe." That such a sentence even exists underscores just how far technology has come.
"From this speck at the bottom," Ménard said, "we are able to map out galaxies across the entire universe, and that says something about the power of science."
A slice of our universe as seen with Ménard's interactive map.
Johns Hopkins University
Even more impressive is how, as you follow the prompt, a ticker at the bottom left of the screen shows you how many billions of years back in time you've scrolled. Meanwhile, the dots go from gradients of pale blues to yellows to oranges to reds, ultimately retreating to a cool midnight hue.
"Each dot is a galaxy shown with its apparent color," the page reads. "Spiral galaxies are faint and blue. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is a blue spiral."
Elliptical galaxies are shown as yellowish and brighter, while reddened speckles indicate realms that have grown distant enough for the light they emanate to stretch and appear to us on Earth as crimson blurs.
Here's an illustration showing what redshift basically does to the light coming from galaxies moving away from Earth.
NASA/JPL-Caltech//R. Hurt (Caltech-IPAC)
Further back 9 billion years, the map exhibits vivid blue spots to represent quasars rather than galaxies. These are extreme jets of light spewing out from the guts of black holes sitting at the center of certain galaxies.
Basically, it's really hard to see galaxies from this era of cosmic history, reddened to the point of near-invisibility, but quasars are bright enough to act like flashlights. Their brilliance shines across the universe, revealing scenes otherwise shielded by darkness and softened with distance.
But beyond even those quasars lies a splotch of blackness -- evocative of the mysteries lurking beyond the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum. Infrared waters.
"We encounter an epoch during which the universe is filled with hydrogen gas that prevents the propagation of visible light we could observe today. This epoch is called the "dark ages,'" the page reads.
NASA's magnificent James Webb Space Telescope is such a big deal because it's built to find secrets hidden in this region invisible to human eyes. Constructed with an army of high-tech infrared sensors, it's working on detecting galaxies from near the beginning of time stuck in a limbo we cannot see with our minds or machines.
With each Webb discovery, hopefully maps like this one will become populated where their empty spaces currently sit.
And at the very, very top of the page, a marbled photo of the edge of the observable universe. The first flash of light emitted post-Big Bang, nearly 14 billion years ago. The Cosmic Microwave Background.
"We cannot see anything beyond this point," the map concludes after you scroll back to the beginning of existence. "The light travel time to us is greater than the age of the universe."
Space fans no longer have to rely on science fiction or wait for pictures beamed back from the James Webb Space Telescope to explore the deepest edges of the universe.
Astronomers from Johns Hopkins University have created a new interactive map that allows you to scroll through the universe.
Using data mined over two decades by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the map allows the public to experience parts of the universe that were previously only accessible to scientists.
The map, which can be viewed and downloaded for free, depicts the actual position and real colours of 200,000 galaxies, each containing billions of stars and planets.
Astronomers from Johns Hopkins University have created a new interactive map that allows you to scroll through the universe
The map, which can be viewed and downloaded for free, depicts the actual position and real colours of 200,000 galaxies, each containing billions of stars and planets
What does the map show?
Each dot on the map represents a galaxy with its apparent colours.
Less than a billion years ago:The initial section of the universe, expanding outwards from the Milky Way, depicts thousands of spiral galaxies, represented as blue dots.
1.6 billion years ago:We see elliptical galaxies which are yellowish, and much brighter than spiral galaxies.
4.5 billion years ago: We can see 'redshifted elliptical galaxies', which appear redder as photons get stretched as the universe expands.
6.2 billion years ago: The galaxies become harder to see. However, we can still spot quasars, which are massive black holes located at the centre of certain galaxies.
10 billion years ago: The blue quasars become more sparsely filled, as 'redshifted quasars' now appear.
A bit further, we encounter an epoch during which the Universe is filled with hydrogen gas that prevents the propagation of visible light we could observe today. This epoch is called the 'dark ages'.
Beyond this vast void, we see a bright blue, yellow border, which represents the edge of the observable universe.
Map creator Brice Ménard, a professor at Johns Hopkins said: 'Growing up I was very inspired by astronomy pictures, stars, nebulae and galaxies, and now it's our time to create a new type of picture to inspire people.
'Astrophysicists around the world have been analysing this data for years, leading to thousands of scientific papers and discoveries.
'But nobody took the time to create a map that is beautiful, scientifically accurate, and accessible to people who are not scientists. Our goal here is to show everybody what the universe really looks like.'
For this impressive project, the researchers gathered data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a pioneering effort to capture the night sky through a telescope based in New Mexico.
Since being launched in 2000, researchers have gradually captured such a broad perspective of the universe by aiming the telescope at slightly different locations every night.
With the help of former Johns Hopkins computer science student Nikita Shtarkman, Dr Ménard was able to visualise a 'slice' of the universe.
This 'slice' holds 200,000 galaxies, where each dot represents a galaxy, and each galaxy contained billions of stars and planets.
Our very own Milky Way is just a tiny dot on the vast map and is placed at the very bottom.
Meanwhile, the top of the map depicts the edge of the observable universe.
The colours on the map change as your gradually scroll up from the Milky Way.
The initial section of the universe, expanding outwards from the Milky Way, depicts thousands of spiral galaxies, represented as blue dots.
Further up the map, we can see elliptical galaxies from 1.6 billion years ago, which are yellowish, and much brighter than the spiral galaxies.
As we move higher back to 4.5 billion years ago, we can see 'redshifted elliptical galaxies', which appear redder as photons get stretched as the universe expands.
An illustration of the Milky Way, which lies at the bottom of the map, and holds an estimated 100 thousand million stars
The team explained: 'This is the case for the elliptical galaxies. At these distances, they appear red to us. As we no longer detect the fainter spiral galaxies, the filamentary structure is less visible.'
At approximately the 6.2 billion-year mark, the galaxies become harder to see. However, we can still spot quasars, which are much brighter and blue.
On the map, the vast array of red dots are gradually replaced by an ocean of blue points representing quasars, which are massive black holes located at the centre of certain galaxies.
The team added: 'As they accrete surrounding gas and stars, they become extremely bright and can be seen across the Universe. Their light is blueish.'
At the 10 billion-year mark, the blue quasars become more sparsely filled on the map, as 'redshifted quasars' now appear.
'At these distances, the expansion of the Universe is so great that the blue photons from quasars get stretched and appear redder,' the researchers explained.
'A bit farther, we encounter an epoch during which the Universe is filled with hydrogen gas that prevents the propagation of visible light we could observe today. This epoch is called the "dark ages".'
New map of the universe allows you to scroll through galaxies
This is an actual photograph of the first flash of light emitted soon after the big bang, 13.7 billion years ago, captured by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
This mysterious period of the universe measures from about 400,000 years after the Big Bang, and goes on for hundreds of millions of years.
Beyond this vast void, we see a bright blue, yellow border, which represents the edge of the observable universe.
The team said: 'This is an actual photograph of the first flash of light emitted soon after the big bang, 13.7 billion years ago.
'This light has been stretched by the expansion of the Universe and arrives at us as radiowaves. This is the edge of the observable Universe.'
Dr Ménard continued: 'In this map, we are just a speck at the very bottom, just one pixel. And when I say we, I mean our galaxy, the Milky Way which has billions of stars and planets.
'We are used to seeing astronomical pictures showing one galaxy here, one galaxy there or perhaps a group of galaxies. But what this map shows is a very, very different scale.'
He hopes people will experience both the map's undeniable beauty and its awe-inspiring sweep of scale.
He concluded: 'From this speck at the bottom, we are able to map out galaxies across the entire universe, and that that says something about the power of science.'
WHAT IS A QUASAR?
'Quasar' is short for quasi-stellar radio source, and describes bright centres of galaxies.
All galaxies have a supermassive black hole at their cores.
When the inflow of gas and dust to this black hole reaches a certain level, the event can cause a 'quasar' to form - an extremely bright region as the material swirls around the black hole.
They are typically 3,260 light-years across.
These regions emit huge amounts of electro-magnetic radiation in their jets, and can be a trillion times brighter than the sun.
But they last only 10 to 100 million years on average, making them relatively tough to spot in galaxies that are several billion years old.
The rapidly-spinning disk spews jets of particles moving outward at speeds approaching that of light.
These energetic 'engines' are bright emitters of light and radio waves.
Astronomen maken een soort Google Maps voor de ruimte
Astronomen hebben een interactieve kaart, een soort Google Maps, van de ruimte gemaakt. Elk punt op de kaart is een sterrenstelsel. Je kan maar liefst door 200.000 sterrenstelsels navigeren. Iedereen kan in amper enkele muisklikken een deel van het universum verkennen.
Elke pixel op de ‘Map of the Universe’ is een sterrenstelsel met daarin miljarden sterren. De Melkweg is een van die stippen, helemaal onderaan de kaart. Astronomen hebben de spectaculaire kaart ontwikkeld in samenwerking met John Hopkins University en met behulp van informatie uit de Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Het is de eerste keer dat dergelijke informatie toegankelijk is voor een breed publiek.
“Astrofysici van overal ter wereld analyseren deze gegevens voortdurend, wat leidt tot duizenden wetenschappelijke artikels en ontdekkingen”, vertelt professor Brice Ménard van John Hopkins University. “Maar niemand nam de tijd om een kaart te maken die mooi, wetenschappelijk accuraat en toegankelijk is voor mensen die geen wetenschappers zijn. Ons doel is om iedereen te laten zien hoe het universum er écht uitziet.”
Enkel het centrale deel van het universum is in de kaart verwerkt. In totaal kun je door meer dan 200.000 sterrenstelsels navigeren. Dat lijkt een heleboel, maar in werkelijkheid schat de Amerikaanse luchtvaartorganisatie NASA dat er meer dan honderd miljard sterrenstelsels zijn.
Reis door het universum
Geïnteresseerden kunnen door de kaart scrollen en door het universum reizen. Het licht van deze sterrenstelsels heeft er 13,6 miljard over gedaan om de aarde te bereiken. Door in te zoomen op de kaart, gaat de gebruiker in feite terug in de tijd. Die indrukwekkende tijdsweergave kun je zien op een balk.
De stippen veranderen ven kleur: van lichtblauw naar geel, oranje en rood. “Elke stip is een sterrenstelsel met een schijnbare kleur”, klinkt het. “Spiraalstelsels zijn zwak en blauw. Ons sterrenstelsel, de Melkweg, is een blauwe spiraal. Elliptische sterrenstelsels worden weergegeven via een gele kleur. Hoe verder weg het object, hoe roder de kleur wordt.”
Wil jij door een deel van het universum reizen? Ontdek hier de interactieve kaart.
UFOs seem to show up in all areas of the world, and one intriguing area whre they seem to constantly orbit is military air bases. It is not really known why this should be, but air bases all over the world have reported all manner of strange things in the sky. Here we will look at a selection of such cases that went on over the country of Japan.
One early series of reports come from the year 1947, where two air bases in Japan had several incidents, beginning with one on July 1, 1947, at Chitose AAB, on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido. One this day, radar operators picked up what was indicated as two very fast moving objects that were similar in size to a fighter plane. The objects at one point seemed to merge into one, after which they broke apart into separate objects once again. It was also noted that the speed was beyond what one would expect from a conventional aircraft. A report from James F. Olive, Colonel, G.S.C. and Chief, Air Intelligence Division would say of the objects and their movements in a memorandum:
A target was picked up 16 miles north of the base on a course of 180 degrees. (Point A’). The GCA unit immediately called the tower and asked if any aircraft were operating north of the field. At this instant of this radio transmission, the target reversed course to 360 degrees and was tracked out to a range of 28 miles (Point 3′). The target then changed course to 240 degrees arid was tracked out 6 miles. (Point C’) where it again reversed course to 060 degrees and returned to the original point 28 miles north of the base (Point 3′). The target then changed course to 360 degrees and faded out of range.
The speed indicated in the report seems unreasonable for piloted aircraft since it was well into the supersonic range. The target, if an aircraft, would require an extremely large fuel supply for this speed. If rocket propelled, it is hard to visualize its operation for a long enough period of time to enable it to return to its base. The cable report of this last sighting indicated that further details, including weather, would follow. Upon receipt of this information a better evaluation may be possible. Present information does not permit a definite evaluation that the objects reported were either aircraft or airborne missiles but does support the conclusion that they were not natural phenomena.
That same year there was a series of similar incidents, this time at the MEW Radar Station, in Fukuoka, Japan. The first was on August 28, 1947, when radar picked up a high-speed unidentified target that made several sharp turns and aerial maneuvers before suddenly climbing at a rapid pace and disappearing. The following month, on September 16 another such object was picked up speeding in on an incoming course, after which it did a sharp turn and “faded out.” It was suggested at the time that this all may have just been misidentified weather phenomena, but General Olive would remark in his memorandum:
Preliminary conclusions based on the above information indicates that great stress was given by the reporting agency to the high degree of proficiency of the radar operators and controllers in each case. An operator of even moderate proficiency would have no trouble in differentiating between a target and weather phenomena. Frontal activity as seen on a radar screen would show depth while the reflection from a meteor exists for such a short period of time that it would probably not be distinguishable from static interference. Therefore, it appears that the incidents are not due to natural phenomena.
What was going on here? Were these misidentified conventional aircraft, weather phenomena, or something else? On August 5, 1952, there was a strange incident at the Haneda US Air Force Base. At just before midnight on this evening, two Air Force control tower operators at the base noticed a very brilliant bright light in the sky that approached the base slowly and hovered, plainly visible from the control tower. It was noted that behind the almost blinding brilliance of the light there could be seen “a dark circular shape four times the light’s diameter.” This object then performed several curves and aerial maneuvers, all while being tracked by ground radar. It was strange enough that an F-94 interceptor was scrambled, piloted by a 1st Lieutenant W.R. Holder. The fighter chased the UFO while ground radar kept tracking it, and the object went into a series of circular maneuvers, at one point putting on a burst of speed clocked at 300 knots (about 345 mph), before dividing into three separate objects and speeding off. The incident was witnessed by numerous base personnel, as well as local residents, but an investigation into the UFO phenomena called the Condon Report, came to the conclusion that it was merely a star and an anomalous radar propagation. Ufologists have long disagreed with this official explanation, and ufologist Patrick Gross has said of it:
Project Blue Book, the official public UFO study by the US Air Force concluded that the UFO belongs to the category “unknown,” the euphemism that meant that it could not be anything common. The UFO maneuvers were so clearly under intelligent control that Major Dewey Fournet, the representative of Project Blue Book at the Pentagon, elected it one of the example that would prove that UFOs are spaceships from some other planet. Subsequently the study of UFO maneuvers to prove they are spaceships was simply dropped. Later, the Colorado Project, a skeptical UFO study effort conducted for the USAF that did not want to deal with the UFO problem anymore, minimized the details of the sighting. The visual UFO was reduced to “a light that looked like a star” and the radar track which was obviously the track of an intelligent controlled craft was reduced to “false radar echoes caused by a temperature inversion layer. Professor James McDonald, a world famous specialist of meteorology and atmospheric physics, who disagreed with the handling of UFO cases by the Condon Report, re-evaluated and re-investigated the case and demonstrated how erroneous the Condon Report conclusion on this case – and on many other cases – was.
Another case comes to us from Naha Air Base at Naha, on the Japanese island of Okinawa. On June 26, 1963, two base personnel were on watch duty and were looking up at the stars when their typical boring night got interested when they sighted something very strange in the sky. One of the witnesses would say of it:
It looked like nothing we had ever seen before. I positioned my binoculars for a better look. We did not use the term “UFO” at that point, but we knew the craft we saw did not match anything in the Air Force’s aircraft inventory. We saw a large, slow-moving disk traveling in a steady northerly direction–right smack over our base. We did not see the usual flashing navigation lights or red and green wing-tip lights. All pilots who fly at night must have their aircraft’s navigation lights turned on. It was not just an unusual cloud formation, flares or a weather balloon. In the Air Force, working as communications specialists at control towers and around busy flight lines, Frank and I became knowledgeable about most types of aircraft in the military inventory. It traveled at an estimated speed of one hundred knots. The craft held a steady altitude of three or four thousand feet. It had a diameter of about seventy-five feet. We saw no antennae, dome, windows or markings. It was silent and produced no engine noise. Having a disk shape, it looked as flat as a quarter. The craft’s outer surface appeared smooth, constructed of a dull, yet reflective metallic material. Its outer edges appeared razor thin.
The two witnesses were unsettled by the object, and feared that it might turn in their direction, yet despite how scared they were they had the strange compulsion to keep on watching it. The object ended up veering away from them, much to their relief, and they then climbed up the building’s fire ladder to gain access to the roof to get a better view of it. The witness explains of what happened next:
I had an eerie feeling that we were about to place ourselves in a vulnerable position on the roof. However, seeing it continued to move farther away from us, our first fear that alien creatures might spot us subsided. Raising my binoculars again, I noticed that it had reflected a noticeable degree of light coming from Naha City, found a few miles to the north of our base. We watched it until it faded away out of sight. The entire sighting lasted for about two and one-half minutes. “We’ve got to tell someone,” Frank said. After scrambling down the fire ladder, we sprinted to a staircase leading to the first floor. We reached the C.Q. or Charge of Quarters room to use the barracks phone. We had to tell someone in authority. By then, Frank had begun to hyperventilate. I told him to sit down in a chair and stay calm while I called the base control tower operator.
The minutes seemed like hours. We were dripping wet since the temperature inside barracks was at least ninety degrees and the humidity at ninety-eight percent. My imagination went into overdrive as I waited for Bernard to come back on the line. I thought that at any moment we would hear the roar of afterburners from our F-102 jet fighters as they went scrambling into the sky in pursuit of whatever it was that we reported. Perhaps the Base Commander would come on the line to ask us for more details about the sighting. We might soon hear the shrill of the base’s alert sirens followed by the sight of speeding trucks carrying frantic troops to their battle positions.
The radar operators would inform them that they had picked up nothing, and could not confirm that there was anything in the air at the time of the sighting. It was suggested to them that they file an Unidentified Aircraft Report, but the witnesses declined, wary of making such a report without any corroborating evidence to back it up. They sort of just tried to let it go and put it out of their minds, and in the meantime they took to watching the skies in the following weeks hoping to see whatever it was again. At fist there was nothing, but then it seems as if the strange object made a reappearance
My hopes of seeing it again began to fade after several weeks. However, just as I started to think the earlier sighting was just a onetime fly-by, I saw it again. Returning to my barracks from a second shift tour at the Communications Center, I decided to relax for a while. I sat in a chair on the second floor outside landing. Propping my feet up onto a railing, I began reminiscing about the first sighting. Since I was alone, the thought scared the hell out of me. Just before 1:00 a.m. I was about to call it a night when it reappeared. A craft similar to the type Frank and I saw one month earlier. In an instant, my mind switched from a relaxed state to one of “fight or flight.” My body froze and my adrenaline level skyrocketed. My hair hackled. My heart raced. I could not move my legs. My camera—I left it in my room. In my mind, I calculated the best course of action. There I was, sitting alone in the dark outside my barracks with no one else around, except–what? Common sense soon prevailed. No light beams were shooting down at me from the craft. It became clear that it took no notice of me and was moving northward away from my position. Thank God. After a few seconds, my brain regained control of my body and I was able to move my legs. I stood and took the next logical step, I ran like hell. Sprinting down the long hallway to the center of the barracks to get to the stairs, I thought it best not to look back. I did not.
He wasted no time at all in contacting the control tower, after which three different radar sites scanning the island’s airspace were checked. Once again, no radar confirmation could be obtained, and he was told that there had been nothing in the air as he had described. Once again he was told to fill out a report, and once again he declined to do so, thinking no one would believe him without proof. In the end, we are left without any real proof for any of them, and we are left to wonder. What was going on here? Why were these seemingly otherworldly forces drawn to these places? Is there anything to this at all, or is it all misunderstandings and figments of the imagination? It remains to be seen.
Since UFOs have been in pop culture for a long time, it’s easy to identify the most popular films about them (and of course with a help of the Letterboxd community). The War of the Worlds, which was written by H.G. Wells in 1897, provided the initial spark for this interest. Numerous other films have also been made based on this novel.
There are many different types of UFO movies that can be made, and they can range from peaceful encounters to violent confrontations depending on the visitors’ intentions. Some of these try to poke fun at the silver age of cinema, while others try to convey a profound message.
1. Arrival, 2016
One of the most popular UFO movies that Letterboxd has reviewed is Denis Villeneuve’s “Arrival.” This cerebral drama features Amy Adams as Louise Banks, a linguistics expert who is tasked with translating an alien language. The film takes place in an alien world that’s filled with massive ships and mysterious creatures known as the Heptapods.
The film’s premise is based on the idea that people’s perceptions of reality can change depending on how they think. For instance, if one starts to think about the Heptapods’ language, their interpretations of reality can begin to shift. The Heptapods communicate in circular forms, and Louise tries to connect with this process in order to find the gifts they seek.
2. The Thing, 1982
The film begins with an opening shot from space, which shows an alien craft moving toward Earth. It then cuts to a group of men at a research facility in Antarctica, where they encounter a distressing situation. There, they find a massive spaceship that’s been in the ice for hundreds of thousands of years, and there’s evidence of an escaped pilot. However, they can’t find the body of the pilot.
3. E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, 1982
Another modern classic is delivered by Steven Spielberg with E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, a family-friendly science fiction film. The movie begins with a UFO flying across a forest floor, where small alien creatures begin investigating. However, after being spooked by the humans, the spaceship departs. The lone alien then finds a safe and warm place to stay. This is where it will eventually befriend Elliot, a young boy.
The relationship between Elliot and the alien, who is named E.T., is strong and emotional. Despite the adults’ attempts to scare the alien away, the kids help the creature by sending it on its way to safety. Through the film’s unique sense of wonder and awe, the kids were able to bring out their inner child.
4. Close Encounters of the Third Kind, 1977
The film’s title, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, was inspired by the writings of J. Allen Hyneck, a Ufologist who classified encounters involving extraterrestrials into three categories: sightings, evidence left behind, and contact with the alien’s resident. The third encounter is the heart and soul of Steven Spielberg’s classic UFO tale.
The film features Roy, who is a government official and a UFO witness, along with various other individuals. After witnessing an encounter with an alien, he begins to become increasingly obsessed with the situation. He starts constructing a strange and unsettling structure out of household items and potatoes. The tension in the film, which is mainly due to paranoia, was released during the climactic scene.
The score composed by John Williams seamlessly complements the story’s message to the aliens. It helps the film stand the test of time.
5. District 9, 2009
District 9 follows the story of a derelict alien spaceship that lands in Johannesburg, South Africa. The film, which is partially narrated by documentary style, explains how officials came across over a million aliens living inside the spaceship. In an effort to rehabilitate the aliens, the government relocates them to camps.
The film District 9 is a grounded sci-fi that uses the audience’s own experiences to bring the story to life. Through its unique documentary style, the film tackles issues of racial segregation and the exploitation of aliens. The aliens are shown being held hostage by the government so that a weapons manufacturer can use their technology.
6. Independence Day, 1996
In Independence Day, which is an action-packed disaster movie, alien invaders arrive and wipe out humanity. This is a motivating rah-rah movie that encourages people to stand up to the extraterrestrial threats.
In the film, Will Smith plays a jet fighter pilot who has his sights set on getting revenge for his first encounter with the extraterrestrials. Also starring are Bill Pullman and Jeff Goldblum. The simple yet effective plot and characterizations of District 9 are presented on the film’s cover. It provides an entertaining and engaging experience.
7. Men in Black, 1997
The sci-fi film, which is also a comedy, plays off the campiness of the 50s. It follows the story of a government agency that monitors and licenses alien activities on Earth. The humor in this film is derived from the numerous clichés and stereotypes in sci-fi.
Tommy Lee Jones plays Agent K, who recruits the young agent, played by Will Smith. Their mismatched partnership gets into trouble when the audience discovers that the alien community has been dwelling under our noses. The conflict begins when a damaged ship brings a viscous alien known as the Bug, which disguises itself in human skin, to Earth. The newfound partners must stop this threat from escaping.
8. 2001: A Space Odyssey, 1968
Stanley Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey is an astounding and unsettling science fiction masterpiece. The film begins with an introduction that shows how an unseen alien entity sends a massive stone to Earth. A jump cut shows the way humans discover a buried object on the moon, which is then revealed to be a message to Jupiter. A mission is then carried out to find its source.
The film, which is directed by Stanley Kubrick, doesn’t attempt to provide the audience with everything they need to know. Instead, it offers an emotional response through its abstract moments. The movie doesn’t attempt to define anything since the universe is beyond human comprehension.
9. Signs, 2002
M. Night Shyamalan’s Signs is a science fiction thriller that showcases his signature style of suspense. It features a story set in a rural community. It stars Joaquin Phoenix, Mel Gibson, and Abigail Breslin. The film’s story revolves around an alien invasion.
The family begins to suspect that something strange is happening in their farm after they see crop circles and strange occurrences in their fields. While they begin sharing evidence about the aliens on their small TV, the story focuses on the characters who are struggling with their own grief and loss of faith.
10. Under the Skin, 2013
The film Under the Skin features an unsettling depiction of a woman who is disguised as an alien. In an opening sequence, the alien passes through light and shapes as it flies toward Earth. It’s implied that the creature is being dropped off to prey on humans. A missed shot of a skyscraper shows the UFO flying back into the Scottish skies.
This is as close as the UFO genre has come. The film offers a glimpse into the alien’s mind as it observes humans with an emotionless gaze. It lures men into its presence with promises of being able to harvest their bodies. However, as the creature experiences various emotional and physical interactions, its identity is suddenly thrown into doubt.
What is your favorite UFO & alien related movie? Leave me a comment down below!
Rover to deliver wireless charging on the moon! See an animation
Stells Space Corp's Mobile Power Rover (MPR-1) is designed to provide a wireless powering station for "robots, rovers, landers" and possibly human mission to the moon's south pole region.
Credit:Stells Space Corp
Artemis 1, moon and Earth in stunning view from space - Go full screen & chill!
See the epic view of the moon and Earth captured by the Orion spacecraft ahead of its outbound powered flyby on Nov. 21, 2022.
NASA's Artemis 1 Orion spacecraft aces close moon flyby in crucial engine burn:
Alien Civilization Uncovered in Mesopotamian Writing | Ancient Aliens
Ancient astronaut theorists uncover Mesopotamian inscriptions that provide evidence of the Anunnaki existence thousands of years ago. See more in this clip from "Aliens and Lost Civilizations."
Watch all new episodes of Ancient Aliens, Fridays at 8/7c, and next day on The HISTORY Channel website at http://history.com/schedule.
Did Advanced Civilizations Exist Before Humans?: The Silurian Hypothesis
Did Advanced Civilizations Exist On Earth Before Humans?
China rolls out Long March 2F rocket for Shenzhou 15 crew launch
On Nov. 21, China rolled out the Long March 2F rocket that is slated to launch the Shenzhou 15 crew to the Tiangong space station. The crew will launch from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center at an "appropriate time," according to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA).
Credit: Space.com | footage courtesy: China Central Television (CCTV) | edited by [Steve Spaleta](https://twitter.com/stevespaleta)
Scientists Just Announced That The Large Hadron Collider Found Something For The First Time Ever
One of the things that attract many scientists to their profession is the excitement of discovering something new. You can imagine the excitement in the scientific community when the Large Hadron Collider recently found something entirely new! The discovered object is so elusive that some scientists have described it as a ghost! What has the collider just discovered? Why did it remain hidden for so long? In this video about the mysteries of the universe, we bring you how scientists just announced that the Large Hadron Collider has found something for the first ever time ever
Hubble Discovered Shocking Truth About the Andromeda Galaxy
Residents of Two Mexican Cities Say They're Protected By Aliens Who Live Underwater
Residents of Two Mexican Cities Say They're Protected By Aliens Who Live Underwater
Now that the government is starting to admit it, there’s no putting the cat back in the bag: UFOs exist.
We may not know in what capacity yet or if they’re being piloted by honest-to-god aliens, but there is irrefutable proof that unidentified flying objects of some kind have been documented and authenticated at the highest levels.
There are two coastal cities in Mexico, however, where just about everyone believes the rumor that otherworldly beings live underwater and have been actively rerouting tropical storms away from the area for the last 50 years.
The most recent diversion, which took place last month when Tropical Storm Karl quickly changed course to the Gulf of Mexico while moving toward the two cities, was a catalyst for a recent profile in Vice tracing the history of an urban legend that has inspired thousands to pledge fealty to the underwater beings that supposedly control the local weather.
When the storm was thought to be approaching the two cities, local residents like 71-year-old Beatriz Garcia, weren’t bothered in the slightest.
“I immediately said, ‘they are going to protect us.’ And this is what I believe and trust: that they exist, that there is a base.” The base she’s talking about is supposedly a few miles off the coast of Miramar Beach in an area known to locals as Amupac.
The story begins in 1967, when thousands of locals witnessed nine UFOs in the sky, descending to an area off the coast of Miramar Beach. The sightings were even confirmed by the local Tampico airport air traffic control tower, according to an article from El Sol de Tampico, which reported on the 1967 sightings the day after they happened.
Because so many people saw it at the same time, news of the UFOs traveled quickly and was treated as an unequivocal truth soon after that, especially after Madero and Tampico suddenly stopped experiencing extreme weather events following two massive hurricanes in 1955 and 1966. In the fifty-five years since the aliens first landed on that fateful August night, the area has been free of any destruction at the hands of mother nature.
Today, the area is home to a UFO festival called El Día OVNI (Objeto Volador No Identificado) Tamaulipas, organized by the OVNI Scientific Investigations Association of Tamaulipas (AICOT, in Spanish), an activist group comprised of alien investigators.
The festival itself was started as a joke in October 2013 by a notable figure from nearby Nuevo Leon, who called it El Día del Marciano, or The Day of the Martian.
However, people like AICOT founder Juan Carlos Ramón López have worked to turn it into an officially recognized holiday by doing away with the martian terminology and refocusing on OVNIs and the various run-ins people have supposedly had with these extraterrestrial beings.
Related video:78 per cent of Americans think aliens are real!
López himself claims to have visited the aliens via astral projection in July 2013. He used words like “intraterrestrial” and “multidimensional” to describe Amupac, which he defines as being constructed of metals and crystals and is populated by 10-foot-tall beings who have “energy radiating throughout the place.”
“The information that I received in this place is that they are monitoring this stage of this planet,” López said to Vice. “And well, for me in particular I can deduce that they are psychologists, scientists who are connected in this reality, but they live in the space of no time.”
And while studies into astral projection have yet to reveal anything definitive, the recent proliferation of confirmed UFO sightings has people more curious than ever about any valid claims of human-alien cohabitation.
López describes the beings as evolved in terms of both consciousness and intelligence, suggesting an ability to communicate or connect with humans in a non-physical realm.
Tamaulipas’ director of tourism, Nembra Carmen Jiménez, is more than happy to encourage the area’s UFO-based economy, where tourists from around the world come to visit in the hopes that they can catch a glimpse at a flying saucer.
It should come as no surprise to learn that Jiménez, a self-proclaimed believer in Amupac, is also a member of AICOT.
“We’ve had everyone from children to the elderly that are interested in the subject,” she said. “People come here exclusively to visit this area…to see these types of phenomenons,” cutting herself off to say, “Well, we got rid of the word ‘phenomena.’ This type of ‘reality’ that we have here.”
To top it all off, Jiménez claims to have made actual contact with the area’s alien overlords. “I believe in this,” she said. “I have seen them since I was 5 years old, I have had contact with a spaceship. We are not alone in the universe.” Still, it’s not difficult to see why skeptics like meteorological harbor master Javier Francisco Álvarez would take statements like those with a grain of salt.
Álvarez acknowledges the lore behind an area that seems to be impervious to extreme weather but explained that “the trajectories of these hydrometeorological phenomena are erratic, that is, they do not always hit the same part or in the same place, or enter through the same way, touch land through the same place.” He also mentions that the water near the area is “one or two degrees cooler” than that of the Gulf of Mexico.
Because of the cooler water, “it manages to pull the mass of air and, consequently, causes the rejection of hurricanes. The air mass that enters through the gulf is diverted towards the coasts of the United States and towards the Isthmus of Tehuantepec,” Álvarez said. His biggest concern isn’t the urban legend itself, but rather the lack of local preparation because of the blind faith in the aliens beneath the surface.
As far as the locals are concerned, there’s no arguing the facts. Madero and Tampico have been in the crosshairs of a major hurricane on a handful of occasions since 1967. Every last one of them has rerouted (or been rerouted if you believe the stories) with no explanation outside of the cooler water.
Before 1988’s Hurricane Gilbert caused billions of dollars in damage in the US, the Caribbean, and Southern Mexico, it rerouted away from Madero and Tampico. It happened again in 2005 when Hurricane Katrina was headed toward the small coastal cities before breaking off and going straight for New Orleans, where it eventually killed more than 1800 people.
The idea of underwater aliens rerouting weather for reasons that may or may not have to do with the people who live nearby is a tough pill to swallow.
But when an entire population has had more than five decades of very good luck, it’s probably hard not to feel blessed.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Einstein's Predictions for Gravity Have Been Tested at the Largest Possible Scale
Einstein's Predictions for Gravity Have Been Tested at the Largest Possible Scale
According to the Standard Model of Particle Physics, the Universe is governed by four fundamental forces: electromagnetism, the weak nuclear force, the strong nuclear force, and gravity. Whereas the first three are described by Quantum Mechanics, gravity is described byEinstein’s Theory of General Relativity. Surprisingly, gravity is the one that presents the biggest challenges to physicists. While the theory accurately describes how gravity works for planets, stars, galaxies, and clusters, it does not apply perfectly at all scales.
While General Relativity has been validated repeatedly over the past century (starting with the Eddington Eclipse Experiment in 1919), gaps still appear when scientists try to apply it at the quantum scale and to the Universe as a whole. According to a new study led by Simon Fraser University, an international team of researchers tested General Relativity on the largest of scales and concluded that it might need a tweak or two. This method could help scientists to resolve some of the biggest mysteries facing astrophysicists and cosmologists today.
Prof. Albert Einstein delivering the 11th Josiah Willard Gibbs lecture at the Carnegie Institute of Technology on Dec. 28, 1934. Credit: AP Photo
According to Einstein’s field equations for GR, the Universe was not static and had to be in a state of expansion (otherwise, the force of gravity would cause it to contract). While Einstein resisted this idea initially and tried to propose a mysterious force that held the Universe in equilibrium (his “Cosmological Constant”), the observations of Edwin Hubble in the 1920s showed that the Universe is expanding. Quantum theory also predicts that the vacuum of space is filled with energy that goes unnoticed because conventional methods can only measure changes in energy (rather than its total amount).
By the 1990s, new observatories like theHubble Space Telescope(HST) pushed the boundaries of astronomy and cosmology. Thanks to surveys like the Hubble Deep Fields (HDF), astronomers could see objects as they appeared over 13 billion light-years (or less than a billion years after the Big Bang). To their surprise, they discovered that for the past 4 billion years, the rate of expansion has been accelerating. This led to what is known as “the old cosmological constant problem,” where gravity is weaker on cosmological scales, or a mysterious force is driving cosmic expansion.
Lead-author Levon Pogosian (Professor of Physics, Simon Fraser University) and co-author Kazuya Koyama (Professor of Cosmology, University of Portsmouth) summarized the issue in a recent article via The Conversation. As they explained it, the cosmological constant problem comes down to a single question with drastic implications:
“[W]hether the vacuum energy actually gravitates – exerting a gravitational force and changing the expansion of the universe. If yes, then why is its gravity so much weaker than predicted? If the vacuum does not gravitate at all, what is causing the cosmic acceleration? We don’t know what dark energy is, but we need to assume it exists in order to explain the universe’s expansion. Similarly, we also need to assume there is a type of invisible matter presence, dubbed dark matter, to explain how galaxies and clusters evolved to be the way we observe them today.”
The LCDM cosmological model incorporates Dark Energy (L) with the “cold” theories of Dark Matter. Credit: Alex Mittelmann/Wikimedia
The existence of Dark Energy is part of the standard cosmological theory known as the Lambda Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) model – where Lambda represents the Cosmological Constant/Dark Energy. According to this model, the mass-energy density of the Universe consists of 70% Dark Energy, 25% Dark Matter, and 5% normal (visible or “luminous”) matter. While this model has successfully matched observations gathered by cosmologists over the past 20 years, it assumes that most of the Universe is made up of undetectable forces.
Hence why some physicists have ventured that GR may need some modifications to account to explain the Universe as a whole. Moreover, a few years ago, astronomers noted that measuring the rate of cosmic expansion in different ways produced different values. This problem, explained Pogosian and Koyama, is known as the Hubble tension:
“The disagreement, or tension, is between two values of the Hubble Constant. One is the number predicted by the LCDM cosmological model, which has been developed to match the light left over from the Big Bang(the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation). The other is the expansion rate measured by observing exploding stars known as supernovas in distant galaxies.”
Many theoretical ideas have been proposed for modifying the LCDM model to explain the Hubble Tension. Among them are alternative gravity theories, such as Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), a modified take on Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation that does away with the existence of Dark Matter. For over a century, astronomers have tested GR by observing how the curvature of spacetime is altered in the presence of gravitational fields. These tests have become particularly extreme in recent decades, which include how Supermassive Black Holes (SMBHs) affect orbiting stars or how gravitational lenses amplify and alter the passage of light.
An illustration of cosmic expansion. Credit: NASA’s GSFC Conceptual Image Lab
For the sake of their study, Pogosian and his colleagues used a statistic model known as Bayesian inference, which is used to calculate the probability of a theorem as more data is introduced. From there, the team simulated cosmic expansion based on three parameters: the CMB data from the ESA’s Planck satellite, supernova and galaxy catalogs like the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Dark Energy Survey (DES), and the predictions of the LCDM model.
“Together with a team of cosmologists, we put the basic laws of general relativity to test,” said Pogosian and Koyama. “We also explored whether modifying Einstein’s theory could help resolve some of the open problems of cosmology, such as the Hubble tension. To determine if GR is correct on the largest of scales, we set out, for the first time, to simultaneously investigate three aspects of it. These were the expansion of the Universe, the effects of gravity on light, and the effects of gravity on matter.”
Their results showed a few inconsistencies with Einstein’s predictions, though they had a rather low statistical significance. They also found that resolving the Hubble tension problem was difficult simply by modifying the theory of gravity, suggesting that an additional force may be required or that there are errors in the data. If the former is true, said Pogosian and Koyama, then it is possible this force was present during the early Universe (ca. 370,000 years after the Big Bang) when protons and electrons first combined to create hydrogen.
Several possibilities have been advanced in recent years, ranging from a special form of Dark Matter, an early type of Dark Energy, or primordial magnetic fields. In any case, this latest study indicates that there is future research to be done that may lead to a revision of the most widely-accepted cosmological model. Said Pogosian and Koyama:
“[O]ur study has demonstrated that it is possible to test the validity of general relativity over cosmological distances using observational data. While we haven’t yet solved the Hubble problem, we will have a lot more data from new probes in a few years. This means that we will be able to use these statistical methods to continue tweaking general relativity, exploring the limits of modifications, to pave the way to resolving some of the open challenges in cosmology.”
Nóg krachtiger dan gedacht: vulkaanuitbarsting bij Tonga was grootste ooit gemeten
De onderzeese vulkaanuitbarsting bij de eilandengroep Tonga in januari van dit jaar was de grootste die ooit met moderne meetapparatuur is gemeten, hebben onderzoekers vandaag bevestigd. Het Nieuw-Zeelandse onderzoeksinstituut NIWA ontdekte dat het equivalent van 2,6 miljoen Olympische zwembaden aan zeebodem werd verplaatst tijdens de eruptie. Dat is een derde meer dan de aanvankelijke ramingen aangaven.
Op 15 januari barstte de onderzeese vulkaan met de naam Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai uit. Daarbij werd een enorme wolk van as en gas de lucht in geblazen. Sommige deeltjes bereikten een hoogte van meer dan 40 kilometer.
“De uitbarsting reikte tot recordhoogte en is de eerste die we ooit in de mesosfeer hebben zien doorbreken,” aldus zeegeoloog Kevin Mackay. De mesosfeer is een van de luchtlagen in de dampkring rond de aarde.
KIJK. De enorme uitbarsting van de onderzeese vulkaan was zelfs vanuit de ruimte duidelijk te zien
Schokgolf tot bij ons waarneembaar
De schokgolf die met de uitbarsting gepaard ging, was tot in België waarneembaar. Daarbij schoot de luchtdruk plots omhoog, om daarna weer een snelle duik naar beneden te nemen.
Eerder werd na een zorgvuldige analyse al duidelijk dat de uitbarsting van de vulkaan bij Tonga de grootste explosieve uitbarsting van de 21ste eeuw is en op gelijke hoogte staat met de grootste uitbarstingen ooit geregistreerd.
Nu lijkt ze qua omvang ook de beruchte uitbarsting in 1883 van de vulkaan Krakatoa te benaderen. Die maakte destijds in Indonesië tienduizenden slachtoffers. Hoe groot de uitbarsting van Krakatoa precies was, is echter niet bekend. Dat kon toen nog niet gemeten worden.
De uitbarsting van de Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai zorgde voor een tsunami die delen van Tonga overspoelde. Daarbij kwamen drie mensen om het leven. Door abnormaal hoge golven vielen er ook twee doden in Peru, 10.000 kilometer verderop.
Daarnaast raakten delen van de eilandengroep, waaronder de hoofdstad Nuku'alofa, onder een dikke laag as bedekt. Hallucinante beelden daarvan gingen de hele wereld rond. Er scheurde ook nog een onderzeese internetkabel door de klap, waardoor communicatie van de eilandengroep met het vasteland wekenlang moeilijk was.
Ondanks de enorme verplaatsing van zeebodem bleef de flank van de vulkaan grotendeels intact. Maar de krater van de onderzeese vulkaan is nu wel 700 meter dieper dan voor de uitbarsting.
NASA's Orion spacecraft took a breathtaking image of the moon as it swung past during its lunar fly-by earlier today.
As part of the Artemis I mission that lifted off last week, Orion was required to circle our natural satellite after separating from the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket.
This manoeuvre was successfully completed at 12:44 GMT (07:44 EST), and came about 80 miles (129km) above the lunar surface.
Just before it did so, the crew module snapped a high-resolution photo of the moon, showing all its craters and mountains in stunning detail.
The image was posted on the official Twitter account for the Artemis mission, @NASAArtemis.
NASA 's Orion spacecraft took this breathtaking image of the moon while it swung past during its lunar fly-by
Earlier today, Orion performed the first of four main engine thrusts scheduled during the Artemis mission, which initiated the manoeuvre. Pictured: Earth taken from NASA's Orion spacecraft while behind the moon during the fly-by
NASA's next-generation moon rocket, the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket with the Orion crew capsule, lifts off from for the uncrewed Artemis I mission to the moon last week
WHAT IS ARTEMIS I?
Artemis I is an uncrewed test flight for NASA's Artemis programme, comprising the Orion spacecraft, Space Launch System (SLS) rocket.
It was successfully launched from Kennedy Space Center on November 16, 2022 at 01:47 EST (06:47 GMT).
The primary operations goal of the mission is to assure a safe crew module entry, descent, splashdown, and recovery.
NASA's Artemis programme will land the first woman and the next man on the moon by 2025, specifically at the lunar south pole region.
It is also hoped that establishing a sustainable lunar presence will ultimately be used as a 'stepping stone' for the first human mission to Mars.
Its a successor to the Apollo programme that saw men walk on the moon for the last time in 1972, as part of the Apollo 17 mission.
If Artemis I is successful, it be followed by a human trip around the moon in 2024 (Artemis II) and could lead to the first woman and first person of colour following in Neil Armstrong's footsteps the year after.
In addition to sending Orion on its journey around the Moon, SLS carried 10 small satellites that perform their own science and technology investigations.
Source:NASA
It was captioned: 'The @NASA_Orion spacecraft captured this image of the Moon during its sixth day of flight, as it approached its first outbound powered flyby of the #Artemis I mission and its closest lunar approach.'
Earlier today, Orion performed the first of four main engine thrusts scheduled during the Artemis mission, which went on for 2 minutes and 30 seconds.
At this time, it was 328 miles above the moon, travelling at 5,023 mph (8,084 kph) and more than 230,000 miles (370,000 km) from Earth.
The slingshot manoeuvre accelerated the spacecraft to 5,102 mph (8,211 kph), allowing it to take advantage of the moon's gravitational force.
This will help it to enter lunar orbit later this week.
As it whipped behind our natural satellite, Orion briefly lost connection with NASA’s Deep Space Network, but regained it at 12:59 GMT (07:59 EST).
This marks the first time a capsule has visited the moon since the Apollo mission 50 years ago.
In four days time, a second thrust from the engines will place Orion in a distant retrograde orbit around the Moon.
It will remain in this orbit for about a week to test spacecraft systems, about 40,000 miles (64,000 km) above the lunar surface.
Orion will then begin the journey back to Earth, with a landing in the Pacific Ocean scheduled for December 11, after just 25 days of flight.
As well as this image of the moon, Orion has also snapped a selfie as well as stunning 'blue marble' image of Earth during its epic journey.
The public can track Orion during its mission around the Moon and back in real-time, using NASA's interactive online tool.
Artemis I is NASA's uncrewed flight test of the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and Orion spacecraft, which launched last Wednesday from Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island, Florida.
Artemis I is designed to show that the SLS and Orion capsule are ready to carry astronauts to the moon in subsequent Artemis II and Artemis III missions.
If the mission is successful, Artemis I will be followed by a human trip around the moon in 2024 (Artemis II) and could lead to the first woman and first person of colour landing on the moon the year after.
Mike Sarafin, head of the Artemis I mission, said on Friday that the Orion spacecraft is 'exceeding performance expectations'.
A celestial selfie! NASA's Orion spacecraft snaps a photo of itself as it prepares to pass behind the moon this morning
This image shows a view of the NASA Orion spacecraft, on its way to the moon with Earth (a 'blue marble') in the background
The Space Launch System (SLS) rocket will carry the Orion capsule to space for its 25-and-a-half day journey around the moon and then a splashdown in the Pacific Ocean on December 11
HUMANS COULD BE LIVING ON THE MOON BY END OF DECADE: NASA
Man could be living on the moon before the end of the decade, a NASA official has said following the successful launch of Artemis I.
Howard Hu, Orion programme manager, said: 'In this decade we are going to have people living [on the moon] for durations, depending on how long they are on the surface, they will have habitats, they will have rovers on the ground.
He said the lunar missions were a step towards manned trips to Mars - 'a bigger stepping stone'.
Sarafin also said that 10 scientific micro-satellites had been deployed when the rocket took off, but that half of them were experiencing technical or communication problems.
Those experiments, carried out separately by independent teams, will have no impact on the main mission, however.
Artemis I is not a manned mission, meaning there are no humans aboard the Orion capsule.
However, Orion does have three manikins on board – two resembling a female body (Helga and Zohar) and one a male body (Campos).
Campos – named after Arturo Campos, an electrical engineer for NASA in the 1970s – is occupying the commander's seat during the Artemis I mission while wearing the new Orion Crew Survival System flight suit.
Campos is equipped with two radiation sensors and have additional sensors under its headrest and behind its seat to record acceleration and vibration data throughout the mission.
In the passenger seats meanwhile are Helga and Zohar, on board as part of an important study into the risks of space radiation for real women astronauts in the near future.
Helga and Zohar have 'tissue-equivalent materials of variable density' that replicate the proportions of a woman's body, including bone and soft tissue.
Helga will fly unprotected to the Moon, while Zohar (top) will wear a newly developed radiation protection vest, called the AstroRad
Sensors have been fitted in the most radiation-sensitive areas of their 'bodies' – chest, stomach, uterus and bone marrow.
Helga is flying unprotected to the Moon, while Zohar wears a newly developed radiation protection vest, called the AstroRad, which is made of polyethylene to better block harmful protons in space.
By comparing the two sets of data, it will be possible to determine the extent to which the vest could protect an astronaut from harmful radiation exposure.
They are not the first space manikins; a phantom called Matroshka, developed by the DLR Institute of Aerospace Medicine in Cologne, was deployed on the ISS between 2004 and 2011.
NASA's Official Flight Kit list of items for Artemis I also includes 245 silver Snoopy pins, a Dead Sea pebble, 567 American flags and a Shaun the Sheep mascot.
The British stop-motion character, a star of the Wallace and Gromit series, is meant to represent the UK and the European Space Agency (ESA) on the flight.
Shaun has his own spin-off TV series and appeared in his own children's sci-fi film 'A Shaun the Sheep Movie: Farmageddon' in 2019.
Ahead of the launch of Artemis I, NASA revealed a list of items it will be sending on its journey to the Earth's natural satellite, including a Shaun the Sheep mascot (pictured)
NASA will land the first woman and first person of color on the moon in 2025 as part of the Artemis mission
Artemis was the twin sister of Apollo and goddess of the moon in Greek mythology.
NASA has chosen her to personify its path back to the moon, which will see astronauts return to the lunar surface by 2025 - including the first woman and the next man.
Artemis 1, formerly Exploration Mission-1, is the first in a series of increasingly complex missions that will enable human exploration to the moon and Mars.
Artemis 1 will be the first integrated flight test of NASA’s deep space exploration system: the Orion spacecraft, Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and the ground systems at Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida.
Artemis 1 will be an uncrewed flight that will provide a foundation for human deep space exploration, and demonstrate our commitment and capability to extend human existence to the moon and beyond.
During this flight, the spacecraft will launch on the most powerful rocket in the world and fly farther than any spacecraft built for humans has ever flown.
It will travel 280,000 miles (450,600 km) from Earth, thousands of miles beyond the moon over the course of about a three-week mission.
Artemis 1, formerly Exploration Mission-1, is the first in a series of increasingly complex missions that will enable human exploration to the moon and Mars. This graphic explains the various stages of the mission
Orion will stay in space longer than any ship for astronauts has done without docking to a space station and return home faster and hotter than ever before.
With this first exploration mission, NASA is leading the next steps of human exploration into deep space where astronauts will build and begin testing the systems near the moon needed for lunar surface missions and exploration to other destinations farther from Earth, including Mars.
The will take crew on a different trajectory and test Orion’s critical systems with humans aboard.
Together, Orion, SLS and the ground systems at Kennedy will be able to meet the most challenging crew and cargo mission needs in deep space.
Eventually NASA seeks to establish a sustainable human presence on the moon by 2028 as a result of the Artemis mission.
The space agency hopes this colony will uncover new scientific discoveries, demonstrate new technological advancements and lay the foundation for private companies to build a lunar economy.
Artemis-missie die in 2025 mensen naar de maan moet brengen, scheert met succes voorbij het hemellichaam
De Amerikaanse SLS-raket die een vijftal dagen geleden gelanceerd werd richting de maan, heeft voor het eerst een duikvlucht gemaakt langs de maan. De Orion vloog op een hoogte van ongeveer 130 kilometer achter de maan langs, met een snelheid van ongeveer 7.700 kilometer per uur. Het gaat om een onbemande missie - Artemis I - die in 2025 mensen terug naar de maan moet brengen.
Kijk. Unieke beelden tonen niet enkel de Orion en de maan, maar in de verte ook de aarde
Tijdens de lage vlucht viel het contact met de aarde even weg. De vluchtleiding kreeg geen signaal en wist dus niet hoe het met het vaartuig ging. De bevestiging dat alles goed was verlopen, kwam toen een camera op de zonnepanelen rechtstreekse beelden doorstuurde. Daarop was de aarde te zien als een kleine blauwe stip op ongeveer 370.000 kilometer afstand.
De Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA heeft jaren aan de missie gewerkt. Daarvoor werd een nieuwe draagraket (SLS) en een nieuw ruimteschip (Orion) ontwikkeld. Afgelopen woensdag stegen ze op vanuit Florida. De onbemande missie, Artemis 1 genaamd, is bedoeld om alle systemen te testen.
Omloopbaan
Na de duikvlucht vliegt de Orion verder, zodat hij in een ovale omloopbaan komt. Over een paar dagen vliegt de sonde op ruim 60.000 kilometer afstand van de maan. In die ovale baan blijft hij een tijdje draaien, totdat hij weer langs de maan vliegt. Zo kan hij genoeg snelheid maken om te beginnen aan de oversteek terug naar de aarde. Die eindigt, als alles goed gaat, op 11 december. De capsule plonst dan hangend aan parachutes in de Grote Oceaan.
De volgende Artemis-vlucht staat gepland voor 2024. Dan moet het ruimteschip met vier mensen aan boord rond de maan vliegen. Rond 2025 moeten mensen weer voet op de maan zetten, voor het eerst sinds 1972.
De Orion bestaat uit twee delen. In het voorste, Amerikaanse deel komen later de astronauten te zitten. Het achterste deel, dat voor energie en voortstuwing zorgt, is door Europa ontwikkeld. Daar zitten ook de zonnepanelen, die zijn ontwikkeld en gebouwd door Airbus Nederland uit Leiden. Die panelen wekken meer energie op dan verwacht, zei de NASA eerder.
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Nuclear War In Ancient Times: Theory and Evidence
Nuclear War In Ancient Times: Theory and Evidence
“What has been will be again, what has been done will be done again; there is nothing new under the sun.”
Ecclesiastes 1:9
This holds true for many aspects of life. But how far can this idiom be taken?
As we all know, the first nuclear bomb was detonated on July 16, 1945 at the White Sands Proving Ground in Los Alamos, New Mexico. But was that really the first time the Earth had witnessed a nuclear explosion? According to the Mahabharata, a Sanskrit epic of ancient India, nuclear war has already taken place, some 4,000 years ago.
This 1.8 million-word text tells the tale of a devastating conflict that culminated with the utter destruction typical in the case of an atomic blast.
The manuscripts say that using flying machines called Vimanas, humans deployed ” a single projectile charged with all the power of the universe.” Sounds familiar? They go on saying that this projectile caused an incandescent pillar of smoke and fire “as bright as ten thousand suns”.
The Earth shook and arrows of flame rained continuously. The scorching heat caused the death of animals and humans alike. The waters boiled, killing off all forms of aquatic life. Soon after, hair and nails started falling out, food was poisoned and pottery cracked without cause.
Birds lost their sense of direction and circled endlessly, became white and dropped dead. We now know that birds use the Earth’s magnetic lines for direction and losing their sense of direction would be probable in the case of a great magnetic anomaly.
The Mahabharata is regarded as mostly mythic but one would wonder how could people describe the particularities of a nuclear explosion without witnessing it firsthand. And the ancient Indian epic isn’t the only scripture that alludes to a disaster of this kind.
In the Bible we have the story of Joseph, recorded in the book of Genesis. After being sold as a slave in Egypt he manages to gain great favor from the pharaoh by interpreting his dream and warning him of the impending famine. What could have caused a seven-year famine in the entire world at the time?
Some say that this scenario is compatible with the nuclear winter following the detonation of a powerful enough nuclear bomb. Another interesting aspect is that the average lifespan of the generations preceding Joseph was around 200 years but those following him do not exceed 130 years.
According to the Bible, this event took place roughly 2000 years before the birth of Christ. Some would argue that the Bible cannot be considered a legitimate historical source but sometimes connecting the dots leads to interesting results.
And then we have the legend of Atlantis. The Atlanteans were a technologically advanced civilization. They too possessed flying machines called vailxi and they also had fearsome weapons of mass destruction. This is largely a work of fiction propagated by Plato, but the legend of Atlantis mentions an entire continent sinking to the bottom of the ocean in a cataclysmic manner.
Robert Oppenheimer had a leading role in the Manhattan Project – the program that created the atomic bomb. When a reporter asked him “How does it feel to be the father of the atomic bomb?” he responded with another question: “You mean in modern times?” Witnessing the detonation firsthand, he famously quoted the Bhagvad Gita, a part of the Mahabharata, saying “Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.”
This subject is obstinately avoided by the scientific community but there is evidence supporting events such as this one. This evidence routinely comes in the form of fused glass fragments found in many deserts all over the world.
These pieces of glass closely resemble those found at the Alamogordo atomic proving grounds. Desert glass forms when temperatures in excess of 3,300 degrees Fahrenheit (1,800º Celsius) cause the sand grains to melt and fuse together.
They were first described by Patrick Clayton who encountered them while surveying the Sahara in 1932. Clayton discovered huge chunks of yellowish-green glass in the sand and presented them to fellow geologists. A possible explanation came almost 50 years later when one of the engineers that helped create the atomic bomb was revisiting the testing site in New Mexico. He noticed glass fragments that were similar to those he had seen in the desert, albeit much smaller.
New Mexico atomic glass, named Trinitite, after the Trinity Project
Being open-minded, he made a connection. Being an engineer, he did the math and was astounded by the results.
In order to produce desert glass the size of the pieces found by Clayton, the explosion had to have been 10,000 more powerful than the one in New Mexico.
A very plausible explanation was proposed: the glass had formed due to asteroid/ comet/ giant meteorite impacts. Such impacts would certainly fit the profile as they cold easily produce the tremendous amount of heat required to fuse silicon crystals.
But an impact that great would also leave behind a noticeably large crater and no such craters were found in the desert.
Glass was found in the Sahara, the Mojave and the Desert of Libya but neither sonar nor satellite imagery could find any accompanying craters.
Furthermore, the Libyan glass had a very high purity and clarity (over 99 percent). In the case of meteorite impact, the silicon is fused together with iron from the meteorite itself as well as other adulterants.
Meteoritic desert glass
When we piece together all the clues, the picture becomes clearer and we have to ask ourselves: is it truly impossible that ancient civilizations reached a technological level similar to others?
Have we truly explored all possibilities? After all, depictions of terrible weapons capable to obliterate entire cities are found in the legends of many cultures, separated by both space and time. Were those depictions nothing more than the work of human imagination envisioning the superlative weapon? What about the physical evidence then? Where does it fit?
In our opinion, considering ourselves the first and only civilization on Earth to have split the atom is nothing short of absolute vanity.
Scientist concludes: There is Evidence of Ancient Nuclear Weapons on Mars
Scientist concludes: There is Evidence of Ancient Nuclear Weapons on Mars
“Mars xenon is found to match closely the component in the Earth’s atmosphere produced by Earth’s nuclear weapons programs, both hydrogen bomb testing and plutonium production, both of which involve large amounts of fission with fast neutrons. It is found that Mars xenon can be approximately by a mixture of 70% Nuclear Testing xenon, mixed with 30% natural Earth xenon, suggesting that Mars xenon was similar to Earth’s before a large nuclear event altered it dramatically.”
There are some things withing our solar system that completely challenge everything we know.
Mars is one of those places that’s really odd. For example, it has been found that the red planet has an unusually high concentration of Xenon 129 in its thin atmosphere.
As it turns out, Gas Isotope Xenon 129 is produced by NUCLEAR REACTIONS.
In addition to that huge mystery, researchers have found that the surface of Mars is covered excessively with uranium and thorium.
This has led some scientists like Dr. John Brandenburg to conclude that it’s very likely that TWO large ANOMALOUS nuclear explosions took place on Mars in the distant past.
In the paper Dr. Brandenburg argues: that Mars shows, “…based on new data, evidence that during this period of Earthlike climate, biological evolution produced, at length, a humanoid civilization leaving ruins at several sites, Cydonia Mensa and Galaxias Chaos being two sites most intensively investigated. Data from these sites formed the basis for the Cydonian Hypothesis (Brandenburg, DiPietro, and Molenaar, 1991) of an ancient, indigenous, approximately Bronze Age civilization on Mars.”
However, there are many scientists which disagree with Dr. Braneburg saying that there is a natural explanation by which the anomalous gasses and elements on Mars can be explained.
But Dr. Brandeburg firmly sticks with his theory saying that Xenon 129 on Mars is likely the product of a nuclear process rather than fractionation – a process in nature which could explain the presence of these elements.
It is well known that over time, a planet’s atmosphere can become heavily eroded, especially on Mars where there isn’t a strong magnetic field. When this occurs, lighter isotopes become more eroded than those heavier ones which ultimately results in the increase in heavier isotopes.
But Dr. Brandeburg says: “However, on Mars, whatever process disturbed the … isotopes made the lighter isotopes relatively more abundant than heavier ones. This requires a predominantly nuclear process rather than mass fractionation…”
Dr. Brandenbrug concluded –after going through available data on Mars— that at least two massive airborne explosions occurred with fusion devices similar in design to those on Earth.
Dr. Brandenburg explains how Xenon 129 is produced in devices on Earth:
“In order to boost the yield of a hydrogen bomb, the bomb casing is typically made of uranium 238 or thorium. Accordingly, Xenon 129 is produced only in small amounts by normal fission, but in a conventional hydrogen bomb explosion it is produced in large amounts.”
Furthermore, Dr. Bradenburg looked at the distributional patterns of uranium and thorium on the surface of the red planet and had concluded that they are CONSISTENT with nuclear explosions which were centered on TWO specific points on the planet.
“The high concentration of Xe in the Martian atmosphere is a unique feature of Mars atmosphere and differs starkly from the isotopic mass spectrum of xenon elsewhere in the solar system. This feature is found both in the isotopic spectra seen by landers and also that seen in Mars Meteorites,” concluded Dr. Brandenburg.
Dr. Brandenburg indicates that it is very likely that these two MASSIVe nuclear explosions occurred on Mars some 180 million years ago. Both of these nuclear attacks could have triggered a global catastrophe that changed Mars from a fertile and Earth-like planet to a barren ande deserted world we see today.
What caused thermonuclear radiation on Mars 180 million years ago?
What caused thermonuclear radiation on Mars 180 million years ago?
Once there was ancient humanoid civilization on Mars and they could have died in a nuclear war.
Topics:
What caused thermonuclear radiation on Mars 180 million years ago?
NASA’s Artemis moon rocket launched November 16, 2022 from Cape Canaveral, Florida.
What changed Mars? - Interview with John E. Brandenburg, Ph. D., author of “Death on Mars.
The Discovery of a Planetary Nuclear Massacre”
Consultant at Kepler Aerospace LLC - Lates Mars Society paper
“Evidence of large R-process events on Mars in the past”
only two known r-process events: supernova or thermonuclear explosion
hypothesis there were 2 nuclear explosions on Mars
Mars meteorite EETA79001 found in Antarctica shows evidence of event that occurred 180 million years ago
“Mars suffered a nuclear holocaust… billions of megatons”
“more evidence that Mars’ surface was bombarded”
“argon 40 is super abundant on Mars surface… was heavily bombarded with neutrons”
“I reported it to the DIA…they wanted this to come out”
MASINT - measurement and Signature Intelligence
Physicist Dr John Brandenburg says there is evidence for two nuclear explosions on Mars These apparently wiped out two races - the Cydonians and Utopians.
Nuclear isotopes in the atmosphere and detection of a thin layer of substances including uranium, thorium and radioactive potassium on the Martian surface is evidence for these past explosion.
According to Brandenburg, the evidence of the nuclear attack can still be seen today. There are literally hundreds of building ruins in NASA's images.
Furthermore, he says Mars once had an Earth-like climate home to animal and plant life and the two ancient humanoid civilizations, Cydonia and Utopia, would have been a level of technology similar to that of the ancient Egyptians on Earth.
It is assumed that after the nuclear war broke out on Mars, the surviving Martian race emigrated to the Earth, building the Pyramids and Sphinx to represent the features on Mars.
New Mexico will house the largest collection of historical records related to the UFO phenomenon
New Mexico will house the largest collection of historical records related to the UFO phenomenon
A group of UFOlogists and historians said that they plan to unveil a massive archive of records related to the phenomenon in New Mexico in the coming years.
David Marler, a historian and UFO researcher, said that the group’s archive will be located in a facility in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
The facility will house documents related to the UFO phenomenon that were collected by various researchers. Some of these include Rod Dyke, Jan Aldrich, and Rob Swiatek.
The facility will also house the files of the J. Allen Hynek Center, which was established in 1990 and is dedicated to investigating the UFO phenomenon. Following the transfer of files by Mark Rodeghier, the center’s director, to Marler in November 2020, the personal files of the scientist, who was the Air Force’s scientific advisor on the matter, were included in the collection.
Currently, Marler is in possession of files that used to be handled by the National Investigative Committee on Aerial Phenomena, which used to be the largest organization in the country focused on investigating the UFO phenomenon. He also noted that various private UFO collections have been promised to the facility within the next couple of years.
The group noted that the files they have gathered will help them in carrying out further research regarding the UFO phenomenon. They also hope to provide an accurate historical record of the event.
During an interview with The Debrief, Marler praised the increasing interest in the UFO phenomenon. He also noted that the public’s newfound interest in the subject has helped improve the research regarding the matter.
David Marler at the National UFO Historical Records Center
Despite the increasing number of people interested in the UFO phenomenon, Marler noted that a small percentage of the public is still not interested in learning more about the history of the matter.
According to Marler, the public’s newfound interest in the subject has helped improve the research regarding the matter. He also noted that the media and the intelligence community have helped organize the discussion around the UFO phenomenon.
In The Debrief, Marler noted that everybody seems to be looking back on 2004 as the year when the UFO phenomenon first emerged. He also noted that there is a rich and diverse history related to this subject. Marler is working to preserve the information that the public has not seen.
Aside from the files related to the US, Marler noted that the organization will also house other files related to the UFO phenomenon. This will allow the public to gain a more comprehensive historical perspective regarding the matter.
In addition to the files related to the US, Marler noted that the organization will also house other files related to the UFO phenomenon. He noted that he is working with translators to make English versions of the documents.
David Marler pictured with a portion of the extensive collection to be featured at the National UFO Historical Records Center
(Credit: David Marler).
Barry Greenwood, a long-time researcher who has been collecting historical data on the UFO phenomenon, noted that the public should have access to publicly accessible records related to this subject. He has been using the Freedom of Information Act to gather information about the phenomenon for several decades.
According to Greenwood, the release of these files is the culmination of many years of work by people who have been trying to collect information about the UFO phenomenon. He noted that if the organization can make an effort to scan the materials and distribute them in various parts, it can be used around the world.
Greenwood noted that the release of these files is a significant historical event. He said that during the time he was trying to collect information about the UFO phenomenon, he and other researchers were restricted to only accessing files in the US and Canada.
Marler agreed with Greenwood’s statements and noted the importance of making available historical records related to investigations related to the UFO phenomenon.
According to Marler, the situation regarding the UFO phenomenon is at a critical point. He noted that various government agencies and scientific organizations are starting to acknowledge the legitimacy of the phenomenon. For instance, NASA recently announced that it would be conducting its own study on the matter.
Several professional aviation organizations have also started to acknowledge the legitimacy of the UFO phenomenon. In recent days, an organization dedicated to astronautics and aeronautics announced the launch of a community of interest that was led by Ryan Graves, a former fighter pilot for the US Navy.
According to Marler, the various organizations and individuals who have been expressing their interest in the UFO phenomenon have started to acknowledge the historical significance of the subject. He noted that the language in the upcoming FY 2023 NDAA is also starting to address this issue.
Marler noted that the organization’s goal is to establish an archival center that would be able to collect and digitize all of the historical records related to the UFO phenomenon. He said that the location of the facility would be based in Albuquerque, which has a strong historical relationship with the subject.
Marler pictured in one of the storage facilities currently housing his growing collection of UFO historical documents
(Credit: David Marler).
Through his organization, Marler has also started to establish collaborations with other organizations, such as the University of New Mexico. These collaborations could allow the university’s students to participate in the digitization and collection management of the UFO files.
To support the establishment of the facility, the organization has established an official website, where the public can contribute to its efforts to provide a home for the records.
According to Marler, there is currently no National Archives of Ufology in the US. He and his colleagues are working toward establishing a facility that would be able to house the largest UFO archive in the country.
Scientists have discovered a place deeper than the Mariana Trench. What’s hiding there?
The ocean remain the most significant mystery known to humankind. This is why NASA in 2018 started testing a new probe designed to explore the oceans.
It turns out that this challenging task requires using the newest knowledge and technologies. In this video, you’ll find out: what challenges is NASA gearing up to face deep under the sea? How can James Cameron help us find extraterrestrial life?
See NASA's Artemis 1 spacecraft, Moon and Earth in same shot during close approach
See footage of the Orion spacecraft, moon and Earth shortly before its "outbound powered flyby burn" on Nov. 21, 2022. Orion was less than 2000 miles away from the moon and over 200,000 miles away from Earth.
Aliens on Mars? UFO Crash Spotted in NASA Photo. Ever since we learned about the existence of the red planet centuries ago, the thought of it bustling with alien beings has fascinated scientists and the common public. Some imagined a land shaped by an intelligent civilization. Others pictured dark swaths of vegetation, sentient plants, and strange flora and fauna. With the new NASA rovers and some of the most technologically sophisticated spacecraft, NASA aims to answer one of the oldest questions: Does life exist anywhere but Earth
SpaceX Starship Booster 7 Static Fire Aftermath, NASA Artemis Launch, CAPSTONE success, & more
Well, this was a pretty uneventful week really wasn’t it. Not much at all happened. Oh, except for the biggest static fire yet of the Starship Booster. Diving into the SpaceX Starship Booster 7 Static Fire Aftermath here. There was also the NASA Artemis Launch for the very first time.
Yep! The most powerful operational rocket in the world finally took to the skies, and this was spectacular. A truly crazy week really because if that wasn’t enough, we had the massive success for CAPSTONE’s trailblazing mission. We lost a Falcon 9 booster. Astronauts back outside the international space station, a secret space plane returning to earth and even more. Another sleepless week as I present to you the ride that was this week of space goodness.
Evidence of UFOs Underwater?
The “UFO researcher”, Scott Waring, recently claimed he has discovered evidence of ancient aliens at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. He shared the discovery in March 2022. Waring believes that a circular object he found off the coast of Nazca, Peru while exploring Google Earth is in fact a submerged UFO. Could he be right ?
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Webb Exoplanet Data Suggests Something Terrifying
James Webb Space Telescope has unfolded our universe like never before. It has peered into worlds hundreds and thousands of light-years away and captured them in its mirrors. Its renders of the alien's worlds are so majestic, that even nihilists find glory and purpose in the grandeur of the universe.
This video will open your eyes to the following things: what sound can cause a nosebleed? What noise were the Apollo Ten astronauts afraid to talk about? How come there was a roar in the airless void of space? And most importantly, who or what makes the most mysterious and terrifying sounds?
A Pristine Meteorite From England May Show Us Where Our Water Came From
A Pristine Meteorite From England May Show Us Where Our Water Came From
Paul Seaburn
The surface of the Earth is about 70% water, but water is just a tiny percentage of the planet’s mass. That makes many scientists wonder if water was always part of Earth’s composition or if it could have been brought here from somewhere else. And if it was, how did it get here? A space rock that landed in Winchcombe, Gloucestershire, in the UK last year may be able to provide the answer. Could a meteorite have kickstarted the formation of water on Earth long before that term was confiscated by people looking for money?
Follow that meteor!
“Carbonaceous chondrites are incredibly reactive and rapidly degrade in Earth's atmosphere, changing their original mineralogy and composition. But for Winchcombe, it had almost no time to react with Earth's environment, so we know that everything inside it is 100 percent extraterrestrial including the 10 percent water it contains.”
Dr. Luke Daly from the University of Glasgow is one of the authors of “The Winchcombe meteorite, a unique and pristine witness from the outer solar system,” a study of this special watery space rock published recently in Science Advances. He explained to IFL Science that there is a variation of the five-second rule – the popular but scientifically questionable urban legend that food dropped on the floor has a five-second window before it starts picking up harmful bacteria or germs – for meteorites … the sooner they are recovered after impact, the less chance they will pick up contamination from the Earth’s surface or have their internal chemistry break down.
“The Winchcombe fireball occurred at 21:54:16 (UT) on 28 February 2021 and was recorded by 16 dedicated meteor cameras (fig. S1 and table S1). The fireball was also captured on numerous doorbell and dashcam videos, and there were >1000 eyewitness accounts and reports of a sonic boom to the International Meteor Organization (IMO) and UK Meteor Observation Network (UKMON). The main mass (319.5 g) of the meteorite was discovered the next day in the town of Winchcombe, Gloucestershire, UK.”
In fact, it was found in the driveway of Rob and Cathryn Wilcock. (Photos of the rock and its fragments and dust can be seen here.) Because it was so well tracked and the Wilcocks reported finding it so quickly, researchers were able to be at the location within 12 hours and, using rubber gloves, collect the largest piece as well as piles of nuggets and powder and place them in sealed polyethylene bags. The largest piece of the Winchcombe meteorite was the Wilcocks’ 11.2 ounce chunk. Another large 152 gram (5.3 ounce) piece was found on a farm on March 6. All told, 531.5 grams (18.7 5 ounces) of material was recovered less than 7 days after the meteorite fell – a period of no rainfall. Most space rock researchers agree with what planetary scientist Ashley King of London’s Natural History Museum told Science News:
“It’s as pristine as we’re going to get from a meteorite. Other than it landing in the museum on my desk, or other than sending a spacecraft up there, we can’t really get them any quicker or more pristine.”
King led the research on the meteorite – the team polished the material, heated it, and blasted it with electrons, X-rays and lasers. to figure out what elements and minerals it contained. This helped them determine it is a very type of rare, carbon-rich carbonaceous chondrite meteorite called a CM chrondite. By analyzing the videos – from doorbell cams to tracking by the UK Fireball Alliance of 16 meteor-watching cameras around the world – they were able to map its trajectory and determine the rock came from a larger asteroid near the orbit of Jupiter, breaking off about 300,000 years ago. That is a short trip in meteor terms, which adds to the special nature of this rock. As Dr. Luke Daly noted, the meteorite was 10-11 percent water by weight. That H2O was locked in hydrated minerals and the hydrogen was in the form of deuterium, with the ratio of hydrogen to deuterium in the meteorite being close to that of the Earth’s atmosphere. that find was the “Ah ha!” moment for Ashley King.
“It’s a good indication that water [on Earth] was coming from water-rich asteroids.”
But wait … there’s more! The space rocks also contained amino acids and other organic materials.
“These are the building blocks for things like DNA. (They) don’t contain life, but they have the starting point for life locked up in them.”
King has now planted two seeds – water on Earth came from somewhere else, and life on Earth could also have dropped in on a chunk from an asteroid. That makes this the Wilcocks’ rock even more special … and it just keeps getting better. Daly told IFL Science that the rock to land in Winchcombe was extremely lucky to have survived the trip through the atmosphere. because carbonaceous chondrites are extremely crumbly.
"The meteorite before it hit Earth's atmosphere was really small, only originally about the size of a basketball, and if it had come it at a slightly different angle or slightly slower or faster would have completely burnt up in the atmosphere."
According to the Natural History Museum press release, besides the 11 percent water and 2 percent carbon, the meteorite was made up of phyllosilicates, clay-rich minerals that are promising candidates for hosting and preserving evidence of organic matter. The Winchcombe meteorite has no evidence of life, but it landed with organic molecules such as lipids and fatty acids. It also brought other materials -- hydrocarbons, metals such as iron, titanium and aluminium, and trapped noble gases like neon.
You've got 12 hours to get here with rubber gloves and plastic bags!
In a sense, the Winchcombe meteorite being picked up with the 12-hour-rule accomplished in a day what the probes to asteroids Ryugu and Bennu took years to accomplish – bring back pristine samples of asteroids as they existed billions of years ago when the solar system was first created. The Winchcombe sample will soon be compared to those samples. Ashley King expressed to Science News why this is so exciting:
“We only know where less than one percent of meteorites we have studied come from, so Winchcombe represents an important find. When we study meteorites with known origins, we can find out what the mineralogy and chemistry of their parent bodies are like.”
We could be close to determining where Earth’s water came from … and that could potentially tell us where Earth’s life came from – or at least where the building blocks originated from. If you find something unusual in your driveway (other than what the dogwalker left), it pays to pick it up with rubber gloves, put it in a bag and save it. It could be the answer to one of life’s biggest questions. Just remember the 12-hour rule.
LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - UFO Sighting News
LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - UFO Sighting News
UFO Over Volcano And Shoots Away, Nov 18, 2022, UFO Sighting News.
The mouth of the volcano is about 600 meters across and this UFO is about 1/6th that. Which means the alien craft is 100 meters across!
Like I said 15 years ago before anyone ever took it seriously, live cams are a UFO researchers toolbox. Here is proof of that. Check this out. A thick disk is seen stopping on the right side of the screen, coming into focus briefly, before it moves down to the mouth of the volcano and hovers briefly to pick up and drop off its passengers and cargo, then it shots away to the left. Now I have often stated that there is an alien base 5km below the floor of this volcano where 5-10 thousand aliens live and thrive. Its such a large area that the city underground has its own weather system that changes. This UFO today on live cam in Mexico, is 100% proof that I am correct. Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Dyson Sphere Exist Within Our Sun, Here's Proof From NASA, UFO Sighting News.
NASA/SOHO sun filter EIT 282 at 11-15-2022 13:06 Plz Share This Video, It helps me so much. Thanks all.
Bright Object Over Gainesville, Georgia Nov 16, 2022, UFO Sighting News.
Eyewitness states:
As I was recording video in the direction of SW, I first observed one object for a few seconds then all the sudden I observed a closer object that was very bright and glowing in a oval shape heading from southwest to a northeastern direction. As I continued to record the object stayed in a straight direction and I finally observed the object just fade out and disappear.
Orbs Over Farm In West College Corner, Indiana Nov 9, 2022 UFO Sighting News.
Eyewitness states:
I was leaving my farm going to where I live about 2 miles away headed south about 9-10 pm on November 9th 2022 in the South Southwestern sky about approximately 40° and 500+ or - feet in altitude. I viewed what appeared to be a yellow/redish round light about the size of a softball with blue to red to white blinking light underneath. It appeared to vanish after 4-5 seconds then reappear after about 5 seconds this happened 5 times the 2nd time there were 2 next to each other, the 1st, 3rd, 4th and 5th time there was only one. I saw the first while driving then pulled over to video with my phone saw 2 next to each other as I was getting ready to video, was able to video the 3rd and 4th, after about 10-15 seconds after the 4th, I got back in my vehicle to leave and saw the 5th while driving home. I didn't hear anything because of my truck running. My wife was in her vehicle about a quarter of a mile ahead of me and didn't stop.
When I got home, about 5 minutes later I asked my wife if she saw anything? She said yes, what was it? I asked her what did it look like? She said a yellowish/red light that appeared and disappeared. She saw it twice, once while on the road that I was on and again while looking out our front door of our house. We viewed the videos I took and she said that's what I saw! I see things in the sky frequently being on the farm way in the country, this is the latest that I've got on camera, but not the strangest. I am willing to talk about them.
Flashing Object Over Dunnellon, Florida Nov 12, 2022, UFO Sighting News
Eyewitness states:
Saturday night 11/12/22 approximately 9:30pm eastern sky rural Dunnellon Florida ... over pasture Romeo/Rainbow lakes area looking towards Ocala. Stationary/hovering circular pulsating bright white object eventually moved towards the south and disappeared.
Saturn Moon Titan Is A Space Station! Nov 12, 2022, UFO Sighting News.
Did you know that in 2014 Fox news talked to the head of NASA about me? That was Charles Bolton...they wrote an article about it. Did you know that New Scientist wrote an article about me that said, Scott C. Waring has created a whole new area of science that needs serious considerations by world scientists.
Below I will place a few of the 50,000 websites that mention me, which are in over 40 languages around the world. Today if you go to google and check the news tab and write UFO Sightings Daily (my UFO site) you will find 6 languages of news articles and over 15 article in the last 24 hours.
I dare you to find a scientist who has outdone me and my research and in making it known to the worldwide public.
Other sheep are standing in the middle of a circle, with some eventually deciding to join the display. Others remained at the very centre of the circle staying completely still.
The mysterious videos were filmed in the city of Baotou in Inner Mongolia on November 4.
Another video of the sheep showed another perspective of the odd behaviour
There are 34 sheep pens at the farm, but only the sheep in the number 13 pen moved in the circulating spectacle
The owner of the sheep, Ms Miao, was left dumbfounded by her flock's pattern
It is unknown what caused the sheep to behave this way and produce this baffling display
There are 34 sheep pens at the farm, but only the sheep in the number 13 pen moved in the circulating spectacle.
It is unknown what caused the sheep to behave this way and produce this baffling display.
There is a disease that causes some animals to appear disorientated and start circling. Listeriosis can inflame one side of the brain and cause the sheep to behave in an odd way.
Hundreds of sheep have caused a stir after they were spotted standing in concentric circles in Rottingdean, East Sussex in 2021
The father-of-one later shared photos of the unusual occurrence to Facebook before dozens of social media users claimed it looked like an 'alien ship' in 2021
However, this time a sheep snacker, a type of livestock feeder, had caused the display after dispensing the food in a circle across the field.
Mystery as flock of sheep walk in circle for twelve days
Mystery as flock of sheep walk in circle for twelve days
A flock of sheep walk around in a circle 'for twelve days without stopping' on a Chinese farm in Inner Mongolia on November 4, 2022.
The owner of the sheep said it started with just a few sheep before more joined. The perplexing spectacle has left people shocked and confused as they try to make sense of the strange behavior of the animals. Ms. Miao said it started with just a few sheep before other members of the flock joined in.
What causes a sheep to go in circles?
The probably cause of the strange behavior of the sheep is a disease called Listeriosis which is a common bacterium/infection caused by spoiled food, inflames one side of an animal's brain and leads to the creature exhibiting strange behavior such as walking in circles. Recovery is rare, but is possible with early aggressive antibiotic treatment and supportive care of the affected animals.
In the footage, filmed from CCTV, the sheep can be seen following one another around in a circle. Other sheep are standing in the middle of a circle, with some eventually deciding to join the display. Others remained at the very center of the circle staying completely still.
Bright UFO hovering above Dripping Springs, TX 2-Oct-2022
Bright UFO hovering above Dripping Springs, TX 2-Oct-2022
White stationary unidentified flying object was seen and recorded in the daytime sky above Dripping Springs in Texas. This one was taken on 2nd October 2022.
Witness report:
This took place back on 9/2/22 at 5:45pm, at Dreamland in Dripping Springs, TX looking almost due north. Saw this very bright object in the sky at a significant distance, it appeared to be above the spare clouds. Hung in the exact same location for 20+ minutes with absolutely no movement and then disappeared. Video from an s21 ultra, zoomed in to max 20x then back out to show distance. The flag in the foreground was massive, maybe 30′ long. I was originally going to post this the day after it happened but it kept giving me an error.
Former aircraft Mechanic films a triangle UFO over Phoenix, Arizona 17-Nov-2022
Former aircraft Mechanic films a triangle UFO over Phoenix, Arizona 17-Nov-2022
This UFO video of some kind of a white orbs in triangular formation was just submitted to us through our Facebook page. It was filmed over Phoenix in Arizona on 17th November 2022.
Witness report:
We were headed North on 99th Ave toward Indian school. The lights continued South toward the Estrella mountains . Video cuts out before an F-35 enters frame and the light formation breaks. I’m a former aircraft Mechanic and I honestly don’t understand what the hell we were seeing. And sorry for our language in the video.
Filer’s Files Nov. 15 2022 - Shoot the UFOs Down - PART I
North Atlantic Arctic Triangle photo from Submarine
Filer’s Files Nov. 15 2022 - Shoot the UFOs Down - PART I
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
Special reports are: Navy Arctic UFO Photos Allegedly Leaked, Guided Missile System for Submarines, UFO Shoot downs, Shoot Them Down, Peru – Crashed UFO Was Hit by Something, General Douglas Mac Arthur Alien War Warning, and Greska Carbon 60
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Louisiana, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Texas.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Canada, Fargo Islands, France, Italy,, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force and DOD investigated UFOs for more than forty years; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFOs are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors. Like my site?
Special Projects
Navy Arctic UFO Photos Allegedly Leaked By Anonymous Source
Alleged UFO photo taken from the USS Trepang submarine in March 1971.Navy Arctic UFO photos allegedly leaked by anonymous source. Blue color added to photos. From French Top-Secret Magazine. It is no secret that many magazine (especially those that are not “news” periodicals), will enhance photographs for print. Thist photo of the cylinder appears to have the top explosion cloud enhanced
Several impressive photos of alleged UFOs over the Artic Northern Atlantic Ocean captured on camera by the Navy in 1971 have been leaked to UFO researchers, and their discovery has gotten worldwide media attention. UFO researcher Alex Mistretta claims that the images were originally given to him by an anonymous source in Europe claiming photos were from USS Trepang. Later, he discovered that they were also published in a French paranormal magazine called Top Secret.’ Except for blue clor the rest of photos seem untouched .
Two of the images from the French magazine Top Secret. The caption at top of photo reads:
On this photo, we identify without a doubt a triangular-shaped UFO. It seems to be in trouble. (Bottom) If the order that we have chosen for these pictures is correct, the UFO here seems to now go sideways before plunging into the ocean.” (Credit: Top Secret/TheBlackVault.com)
To further investigate, Mistretta enlisted the help of John Greenewald, who runs the website TheBlackVault.com. He asked Greenewald to post the pictures in hopes that Greenewald and others may be able to find out more about the images.
After posting the story, it began getting international headlines. A Reddit user that goes by the name SqizCat was also able to find higher resolution copies of the images.
The images are fantastic. They seem to be of large objects aloft over the ocean, some, if not all, taken from the periscope of a submarine. The big question is are they real, and if so, what are they?
Alleged UFO photo taken from the USS Trepang in March 1971.
You can clearly see in the “UFO Photos” above, the ‘cross hairs’ of the periscope, along with the indicator lines. Here is an example above, and they are seen in nearly every photograph. Although this does not prove it was a weapons test, and if the object was a target balloon, it could support both sides of this story .(i.e.: taken from a submarine, and taken while the submarine was submerged.)
Alleged UFO photo taken from the USS Trepang in March 1971.
Cylinder shape . Here are the photos that came with the letter. We present them in an arbitrary order that seemed logical. however it is maybe not the most sensible since we don’t know if it the craft is flying, going out of or going into the water…It is worth mentioning that one can read in transparency on three of the photos in our possession, copies of the originals that apparently came from an American military laboratory: On the left on top: OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPH. NOT TO BE REALEASED. CT On the right at the bottom and hardly legible, a part of it having been erased because of time: Unauthorized Disclosure Subject. Security Certificate. SSN 674. Criminal Sanction. High-definition photos are available on our CDR
The photos below show an object of large dimension that exits or falls into the ocean. These pictures seem to come from another laboratory, SYGMA, about which we know nothing. Do these photos present a single and same event or are we dealing with two different events?
(Top photo) The craft, which looks a lot like the one in the first picture, seems to be in trouble and appears to be on fire? Does it come from the depths of the ocean or is it headed there? Despite the fact that its form perfectly resembles the typical “cigar” shape of UFOs, it is still impossible to distinguish more details of its structure.
(Bottom photo) According to the letter from our “anonymous contact,” the submarine was equipped with an analog camera, thus explaining the image overlay (or double exposure?) of the visible graduations (I’m assuming they’re talking about the double crosshairs.)
Editor’s Note:
The craft appears to be shot down probably with a missile. If these are real UFOs it is very unlikely the Admiral and Captain would admit to destroying an above Top Secret SCI alien craft. Ships are normally commanded by the rank of Captain or lower. Rear Admirals are commanders, of Submarine Groups and squadrons of submarines. It is possible a Rear Admiral would be assigned to destroy unidentified alien craft. A whole series of surface to air missiles were developed that could have been fired from submarines. The area USS Trepang in 1971 was operating in has frequent UFO reports. During the 1960, the Vietnam War was the first modern war in which guided antiaircraft missiles seriously challenged highly advanced supersonic jet aircraft so it is possible the Trepang mounted surface to air missiles.., .U.S. Navy Says ALL UAP/UFO Videos Are Classified And Exempt From Release (9/18/22)TheBlackVault.com to see more of the images.
The cylinder appears to be launching or crashing in or out of the water
The Investigation
In his email to John Greenewald, Jr. at The Black Vault, Mistretta listed below what his anonymous source who likely took the photos told him.
The photos were taken from a United State Navy submarine.
The location was between Iceland and Jan Mayen island in the Atlantic Ocean. (Jan Mayen belongs to Norway and is only inhabited by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute and the Norwegian military.)
They were taken in March of 1971.
The Submarine was the Navy’s USS Trepang (SSN 674) and the Admiral on board was Dean Reynolds Sackett. Obviously, the next step is to try and locate this Admiral. The Submarine came upon the object by “accident,” as they were in the region on a routine joint military and scientific expedition. Officer John Klika was the one who initially spotted the object with the periscope. Major Filer briefed Generals about UFOs and when others asked them about UFOs, they denied any knowledge.
Greenewald looked into these claims and he says that he found that Admiral Sackett was onboard the USS Trepang at the time listed. He also found that Officer Kilka was also aboard. Further, he found that the USS Trepang was in the area the source claimed at the time the pictures were allegedly taken. The triangle craft obviously is not a balloon.
Admiral Dean R Sackett
Steve spoke with the Admiral Dean R Sackett and I have been in touch with John Klika, both named by the source who released the pictures as principal participants in this saga. Both men were indeed on the Trepang SSN 674, in March of 1971 in the Arctic. Admiral Sackett denied seen anything unusual while onboard the Trepang, although UFOs are highly classified and he would be instructed to deny seeing anything. He gracefully took two phone calls from Steve and checked out the pictures that we sent him privately. He could not identify what was in the pictures. John Klika also confirmed that he was also on the SSN Trepang in March of 1971, but told me that neither himself nor anyone else saw anything unusual while in the Arctic. He found the investigation interesting reading. Both men said they don’t know what the pictures are and imply they could have been taken by someone who had access to the periscope, or even from a different sub.
Credit: Google Maps/TheBlackVault.com
Greenewald stated, I feel confident in saying the Trepang was not involved in the taking of the photographs. The photographs remain a mystery, and this investigation is far from over. The veracity, or lack off, of the photographs themselves is partly removed from the location and said provenance. They may be authentic and highly unseal, or they may be more mundane objects that in time I will identify. Furthermore, there is the issue of provenance, which is unknown. Are they really from the Arctic, and from an American sub? On the later point, there was another sub in the region, just a month before the Trepang, and that is the USS Skate USN 578. Ergo, the investigation continues.
Mistretta wrote: “[Kilka] found the investigation interesting reading, and doesn’t know what the pictures represent. I believe them. “I feel confident in saying the Trepang was not involved in the taking of the photographs.”
Although Mistretta now believes his source’s information to be inaccurate, Greenewald found clues that indicate the images may still be real, albeit not extraterrestrial.
Greenewald says, “When I first saw these, I noted there was something very Zeppelin-like about some of the photos, but, unlike the actual Zeppelin’s, it did not have a carrier for the occupants.”
By researching the USS Trepang’s whereabouts, he also found this on the site Hullnumber.com: “From 22 February to 22 March [1971], the nuclear attack submarine operated beneath the northern ice cap, conducting extensive tests to provide data for her weapons systems, as well as carrying out scientific experiments concerning the movement, composition, and geological history of the cap itself.”
This led him to research test balloons. He searched the Library of Congress and found images of test balloons that look similar to what is in some of the images.
View of the H.M.S Canning and its observation balloon taken in a search of the Library of Congress, and came up with a few examples of old Balloon Carriers. Here are the examples (it should be noted that the balloons in this photograph were photographed between 1910-1915. The tail assembly has protrusions as shown upper left. A white short wing like devise is shown at the sides of the balloon and fifty-year time difference between this case and these photograph.’ Image discovered by TheBlackVault.com. (Credit: National Geographic.)
The Naval gunnery balloons have a distinctive shape with protruding tails for stabilization. Airships, dirigibles, and target balloons all have various protrusions for control and these photos do not.
First, let me say that John Greenewald’s The Black Vault long has concluded that these photographs did not depict UFOs. I believe (and still) they the photographs probably are real (or most of them are) and probably depict Naval Weapon tests and targets. But we have to keep in mind that these photographs were originally put onto the internet, given to research by Alex Mistretta, after being scanned from the French magazine.
Greenewald’s discovery makes it possible, that the images are from test balloons being fired upon by Navy submarines. The images he found were from the early 1900s, so the question remains as to whether similar balloons were still being used in the 70s. Given the misinformation that accompanied the images in the first place, it is also possible they are Photo shopped hoaxes.
Although the media has picked up on the story, few, if any, have mentioned the investigation work done by Mistretta, Greenewald, and Murillo. By leaving out this part of the story, they leave out the fact that many UFO researchers are more than just wild-eyed believers as the media often portrays.
Editor’s Note:Personally, the photos match some of the craft I chased in the Air Force. . You can find more information on the UPARS Meetup site.
Editor’s Note:Personally, the photos match some of the craft I chased in the Air Force.
. You can find more information on the Anti aircraft MIM-23 Hawk, Rapier, Roland and Crotale all woth less than 25 inch width.
Tomahawk , Hawk and other missiles can be launched from the deck or 25 inch wide torpedo tubes.
Sea-to-Air Guided Missile System for U212A (IDAS)
How do submarines defend themselves against air threats? With IDAS they are able to fire guided missiles from under water. Also original designs of cruise missile submarines could launch from underwater via dedicated vertical launching system (VLS) tubes.
Guided Missile System for Submarines
The IDAS (Interactive Defense and Attack System for Submarines) guided missile system provides submarines with a self-defense capability against airborne threats. These threats may, for example, originate from helicopters which are equipped with torpedoes for antisubmarine warfare (ASWAnti-Submarine Warfare).
This purely national project now aims at integrating a guided missile system which can be launched from the submarine and allows the crew of a submerged submarine to defend themselves against ASWAnti-Submarine Warfare aircraft.
Submerged Launch Capability and Flight Control
The core capabilities of this innovative system include the ability to launch a missile from a submerged submarine and the missile’s ability to be interactively controlled and guided by the operator during its entire flight. To that end, the data connection between guided missile and submarine is also maintained during the flight via an optical fiber.
Mode of Operation
The alien craft are noticed by the sonar system of the submarines
Afterwards, the target data are displayed on the operator’s tactical console.
Schematic representation of the employment of an IDAS guided missile
IDAS Consortium
In a next step, the guided missile is hydraulically ejected from the torpedo tube. Once its motor has ignited at a safe distance from the submarine, the missile starts moving in the direction of the target under water. At this point, it is already possible to change direction in order to engage the target from the side or from behind. Thanks to a booster, the guided missile breaks the water surface and rises to cruising altitude. The guided missile’s wings are unfolded for flight control. This model was first tested in 2006, however attack subs have long needed a similar system that could be used against low-flying UFOs. We do not know if this type of system was available in 1971.
IDHS System to launch missile from underwater
A similar missile could be launched when a UFO has sighted through the periscope.
The Interactive Defense and Attack System for Submarines (IDAS) is a submarine-launched, lightweight, multi-role, fiber-optic guided missile system being developed for the German and other partner navies.
This weapon is designed to provide improved self-defense and asymmetric warfare capabilities for submerged cruising submarines. It enables the submarines to engage threats from anti-submarine warfare (ASW) helicopters, surface vessels and pre-selected coastal targets.
A prototype of the IDAS missile system performed its maiden flight from an underwater test facility in Northern Germany in 2006. It was successfully launched from the German Navy’s class 212A submarine in the Baltic Sea in 2008. It is possible the pictures depict a shootdown of an alien craft by some sort of guided missile, early laser or direct energy weapons.
UFO Shoot downs
LONDON (Reuters) – Two U.S. fighter planes were scrambled and ordered to shoot down an unidentified flying object (UFO) over the English countryside during the Cold War, according to secret files made public This photo depicts a possible UFO sighting as reported by the Journal of Scientific Exploration.
One pilot said he was seconds away from firing 24 rockets at the UFO, which moved erratically and gave a radar reading like “a flying aircraft carrier.” The pilot, Milton Torres, now 77 and living in Miami, said it spent periods motionless in the sky before reaching estimated speeds of more than 7,600 mph (12,000 kph).
After the alert, a shadowy figure told Torres he must never talk about the incident and he duly kept silent for more than 30 years. His story was among dozens of UFO sightings in defense ministry files released at the National Archives in London. In a written account, Torres described how he scrambled his F-86 D Sabre jet in calm weather from the Royal Air Force base at Manston, Kent in May 1957.
F-86D Fighter Jet
“I was only a lieutenant and very much aware of the gravity of the situation. I felt very much like a one-legged man in an ass-kicking contest,” he said. “The order came to fire a salvo of rockets at the UFO. The authentication was valid and I selected 24 rockets. “I had a lock-on that had the proportions of a flying aircraft carrier,” he added. “The larger the airplane, the easier the lock-on. This blip almost locked itself. “At the last moment, the object disappeared from the radar screen and the high-speed chase was called off.
He returned to base and was debriefed the next day by an unnamed man who “looked like a well-dressed IBM salesman. ”He threatened me with a national security breach if I breathed a word about it to anyone,” he said.
. Torres said. “I shall never forget it,” he told the Times. “On that night I was ordered to open fire even before I had taken off. That had never happened before.”
“Perhaps what this pilot had seen was some kind of experiment in electronic warfare or maybe it was a UFO,” he said. “The files are online at: www.nationalarchives/ufos Editing by Steve Addison
Shoot Them Down
During the summer of 1952, Americans reported a record amount of UFO sightings to Project Blue Book and Frank Feschino, Jr. has written a book about the sightings. He takes the reader on a journey through Blue Book’s “Unknown” cases and other UFO reports. He focuses on the encounters between fighter planes and UFOs with an in-depth historical account of the United States military’s “shoot down” orders.
This is the most accurate documentation of these events with 90 photos, maps and illustrations. The book encompasses the summer of 1952, where there was numerous aerial encounters that occurred between US fighter aircraft and UFOs.
On July 28, 1952, an Air Force information officer stated “The jet pilots are and have been under orders to investigate unidentified objects and shoot them down if they can’t talk them down. Air Force pilots are on 24 hour alert against flying saucers to shoot them down if they refuse to land.”
“We Have Lost Many Men and Planes Trying To Intercept UFOs”
General Benjamin Chidlaw
Timothy Good writes, “The destruction or disappearance of military aircraft during interceptions of UFOs continued apace.” As General Benjamin Chidlaw, former commanding general of Air (later Aerospace) Defense Command told Robert C. Gardener (ex USAF) in 1953: “We have stack of reports of flying saucers. We take them seriously, when you consider we have lost many men and planes trying to intercept them.” Leonard Stringfield, the former Air Force intelligence officer was told by a reliable source in the 1950s that the “Air Force was losing about a plane a day to the UFOs. According to US Defense Department figures, from 1952 until the end of October 1956, there were 18,662 major accidents of military aircraft, broken down as follows:
Year -Air Force – Navy Losses
1952 2,274 2,086
1953 2,075 2,325
1954 1,873 1,911
1955 1,664 1,566
1956 1,530 1,358
Of this astonishing accident total, most involved fast new jets (such as those scrambled in UFO interceptions), of which 56.2 per cent were found to be caused by pilot error; 8.1 per cent by ground-crew or other personnel failure; 23.4 per cent by failure of parts and equipment in the aircraft; 2.8 per cent by various ‘unsafe conditions’, and –9.5 per cent (1,773) were due to ‘unknown factors’ Editor’s Comments:
Wright Field Air Force Museum
In October 1947, Chidlaw became deputy commanding general of Air Materiel Command, with rank of lieutenant general, on September 1, 1949. General Chidlaw was given the task to evaluate UFO sightings and his group agreed the phenomena was real and viable and should be researched. his team His team attempted to develop their own flying discs using the Roswell crash debris that were stored at Wright Field. On July 29, 1951, he received his fourth star and the command of the Air Defense Command at Ent Air Force Base, Colorado. Most fighter interceptors were under his command and each Air Force base had a UFO Officer who could launch fighters if UFOs were in the area.
Editor’s Note:
When I chased a UFO we exceeded the red lined aircraft air speed by 20 knots. In the excitement of the chase it is easy to exceed aircraft capabilities and often some part of the aircraft may fail. Many stories are told of firing missiles and making direct hits on the UFOs that were unharmed only to have them return fire and destroy the interceptor.
F-89 Lost Photo Courtesy of NUFORC
One well known example of aircraft loses to a UFO was the F-89 with tail number 51-5853A, piloted by 1st Lt. Felix Moncla Jr, with Second Lt. Robert L. Wilson as the Radar Intercept Officer. I spoke with a radar operator who worked in the Air Defense Command radar site on November 23, 1953. During the evening, radar picked up an unidentified target over Lake Superior and alerted the 433rd Fighter Interceptor Squadron at Truax Field, in Wisconsin. Lt. Moncla in his F-89 C all-weather interceptor was scrambled and instructed to intercept the target. The F-89 diving steeply down intercepted the target at 8,000 feet, and radar operators watched as the “blips” of the UFO and the F-89 merged on their scopes, in an apparent collision, and disappeared. No trace of the plane was ever found. You can visit Lt. Moncla’s memorial headstone at Sacred Heart Catholic Cemetery in Moreauville, Louisiana.
Planes Shot Down
Thanks to Timothy Good’ book, “Need to Know” P. 172
Peru – Crashed UFO Was Hit by Something
Marine Corps Lance Corporal John Weygandt
Weygandt, who was part of the Disclosure Project, was sent to Peru in March 1997, to provide perimeter security for a radar installation that he was told tracked drug traffic aircraft in Peru and Bolivia. He states, “About midnight, while I was on guard duty, Sergeant Allen and Sergeant Atkinson told me, an aircraft crashed, and they need us to go and secure the crash site.” Early that morning we drove six Hummers close to the crash site just when it started to get light. Well, we found the area easy because there was a huge gash in the land where something had crashed. Everything was burned and it was as if something had almost cut warm butter with a knife. It was like something on fire or had energy like a laser had cut it. It was strange. I was in the front with Sergeant Allen and Sergeant Atkinson, and we were ten or twenty meters ahead of everyone else. We were the first ones to see this thing. It had gone up the hill and then off in the side of the ravine and ridge. This was a 200-foot ridge of solid rock. A huge craft was buried at a 45-degree angle in the side of the cliff there at the ridge. It was straight up and down. ‘
Craft Was Severely Damaged by high Explosives
The craft was dripping a greenish-purple syrup-like liquid. The liquid was everywhere and fluctuated like it was alive and changing to a different shade of greenish purple. The craft was humming like a bass guitar and had a slowly turning light. Most of the craft seemed buried into the cliff but vents, like a fish gill were on the back.
The liquid got on my clothes and ate holes in them and burned off some the hair on my arms. There were three holes in the ship that may have been hatches that were not flush with the main body of the craft. There was another hatch the same width and diameter of the top hatch and it was kind of crooked to the side and it was half-open. I didn’t see any lights or anything coming out of it, but I felt this… presence. It is strange. I think the creatures calmed me. It was weird and I think they were trying to communicate with me, like, I guess, telepathically. The Corporal estimated the craft was ten meters in width and about 20 meters in length and shaped like something between an egg and a teardrop. The skin of the craft had bumps and notches and appendages on it. It was organic and almost like art. It looked like something that could be made in a shop. It looked like it could have been handmade but out of what materials I do not know. It was nothing like titanium. It looked like metal but there was no reflection. The sun was shining on it, and I could see the different shades of the craft and it didn’t reflect anything. Suddenly the Sergeants were yelling at me to get the hell out of there.
After we climbed back up, the Department of Energy people were there. They knew about it, so I don’t know why we went there still to this day. But anyway, I was arrested and cuffed, both hands down. I had all my gear taken from me by men in black cammies who threatened me, subdued me, and put me on a cot. They had no nametags. At the crash site there were about thirty of these guys wearing hazard suits.
Patriot Missile
John Weygandt I had been told craft were flying in and out of the atmosphere as much as ten plus per week. When you have objects that reenter the atmosphere, then stop on a dime, then turn around, and go exactly the opposite direction – that is somewhat strange. Meteors don’t do that. The craft was not from Earth. I knew that when I looked at it. I wondered if these facilities were built for the intent to track UFO’s and their cover was to track drug carrying aircraft. They had laser range finders and all kinds of high-tech stuff that I have never seen before.
Patriot is a long-range, all-altitude, all-weather air defense system.
Patriot system detects, tracks, and engages UAVs, cruise missiles, and short-range or tactical ballistic missiles. and perhaps UFOs. They [the laser range finders] looked like big telescopes and some sort of Command Center was manned by a multi –national force. So, these craft were tracked from this radar and were logged. I’m confident that when I saw the aircraft, it had been hit by something. Something had taken it out.
Editor’s Note: Corporal Weygandt described a craft damaged by enemy action, either by our weapons or an opposing alien force during our meeting in the Disclosure Project. His testimony on Page 274 of “Disclosure: Witnesses Reveal the Greatest Secrets” as being used against alien intruders during the Clinton Administration. “We can assume this war continues!”
General Douglas Mac Arthur Alien War Warning
Douglas MacArthur
General of the Army Douglas MacArthur (26 January 1880 – 5 April 1964) was an American five-star general and Field Marshal of the Philippine Army. He was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II. He oversaw the successful Allied occupation of postwar Japan and commanded United Nations forces during the first year of the Korean War.
General of the Army Douglas MacArthur stated “The nations of the world will have to unite for the next war will be an interplanetary war. The nations of Earth must someday make a common front against attack by people from other planets” New York Times 1955.
Editor’s Note:
In 12 May 1962, MacArthur delivered aspeech (commonly known as the “Duty, honor, country” speech) to the cadets of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point on the occasion of his receiving the Sylvanus Thayer Award, during which he once again alluded to the possibility that mankind might someday face an extraterrestrial foe. “We deal now, not with things of this world alone, but with the illimitable distances and as yet unfathomed mysteries of the universe. We are reaching out for a new and boundless frontier. We speak in strange terms of harnessing the cosmic energy, of making winds and tides work for us, of creating unheard of synthetic materials to supplement or even replace our old standard basics; to purify sea water for our drink; of mining ocean floors for new fields of wealth and food; of disease preventatives to expand life into the hundreds of years; of controlling the weather for a more equitable distribution of heat and cold, of rain and shine; of spaceships to the moon; of the primary target in war, no longer limited to the armed forces of an enemy, but instead to include his civil populations; of ultimate conflict between a united human race and the sinister forces of some other planetary galaxy; of such dreams and fantasies as to make life the most exciting of all times.”
UFOs Collect Electrical Energy
UFOs appear to have overcome gravity based on their ability to maneuver, tremendous speed, and ability to launch into space. It takes an enormous amount of electrical energy to directly deform the gravity tidal force curvature field! Indeed it takes 4 billion tons of mass energy equivalents to make a 1-fermi change in the local radius of curvature! Measurements of the power coming from some UFOs indicate they have the electrical energy equivalent to a power plant that would provide electrical power for a small city. UFOs are frequently seen hovering above power lines, power plants and electrical thunderstorms. We can speculate they use the electrical energy to overcome gravity.
The study of UFOs propulsion system will lead to new forms of energy. High speed UFOs are frequently reported as leaving a green trail indicating they are using hydrogen in their propulsion system. We should consider to act upon General Douglas Mac Arthur’s final order to the cadets at West Point “Harness the cosmic energy” in Duty, Honor, Country.
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Filer’s Files Nov. 15 2022 - Shoot the UFOs Down - PART II
North Atlantic Arctic Triangle photo from Submarine
Filer’s Files Nov. 15 2022 - Shoot the UFOs Down - PART II
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
Special reports are: Navy Arctic UFO Photos Allegedly Leaked, Guided Missile System for Submarines, UFO Shoot downs, Shoot Them Down, Peru – Crashed UFO Was Hit by Something, General Douglas Mac Arthur Alien War Warning, and Greska Carbon 60
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Louisiana, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Texas.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Canada, Fargo Islands, France, Italy,, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force and DOD investigated UFOs for more than forty years; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFOs are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors. Like my site?
Strange Craft
The True Story of an Air Force Intelligence Officer’s Life with UFOs
U.S. Air Force Major George Filer belongs to the generation of pilots and aviators who first became aware of the strange aircraft showing up in the Earth’s atmosphere after World War II. These men – military professionals who flew planes, served as radar operators and air traffic controllers at airfields around the world – began to whisper amongst themselves about encounters with suspected extraterrestrial aircraft.
During secret debriefings at U.S. bases, pilots and air crew told their commanders of seeing UFOs off their plane’s wings. Award-winning investigative author John Guerra spent four years interviewing Filer, a decorated intelligence officer.
From objects in the skies over Cold War Europe to a UFOs over during the Cuban Missile Crisis to lights over the DMZ in Vietnam Filer leaves nothing out about his Air Force UFO encounters,
Filer’s most memorable case – the shooting of an alien at Fort Dix Army Base in 1978 – is fully recounted for the first time in this book. As a member of the Disclosure Project, military experts, astronauts, and scientists urge the U.S. government to release all it knows about UFOs to the public.
Filer describes his UFO encounters in this incredible book, by John L. Guerra.
Maranaon April 6, 2021, This dark object was above us right at noon with rough texture like panels. We see lights on our property and have cattle mutilations with parts cut out, very clean no tracks or blood.
California Object
Menifee on October 31, 2022 , object appears in the photo. I did not see it I just saw it in the image which I viewed within seconds of taking the picture.
Colorado Object
Denveron July 6 , 2022, I was on a flight descending when I looked out the right side of the window and saw these two pill-like objects cruising smoothly. They were well below us, even as we descended.
Florida Object
Jacksonvilleon October 22, 2022, UFO flew by at top right at an airshow
Illinois Object
Westchester on November 1, 2022, I went outside I saw a cluster of orbs that looked like they were forming constellations. They constantly kept flickering in and out and randomly disappear and reappear.
Louisiana Lights
Houmaon February 11, 2022, I estimate a 100 lights falling from the sky opened into a large strobing circle that I video. This structure was about 300’ long and very bright lighting up my feet.
Missouri Object
Arcadia Township on June 25, 2017, object descends and flies low at observational distance from Ozark Trail from Johnson Reservoir to south of Tam Sauk.
New Jersey Lights
Wildwood on July 8, 2022, I witnessed many lights in a curving disc shape in the sky. I mean this thing was massive, I have a picture of it as proof. Probably Starlink Satellites.
New York Light
Brooklyn on October 31, 2022, Blue orb following a military plane.
Westfield on November 2, 2022, saw this segmented object going from the hills towards Lake Erie, but not fast but not slow like balloons. What caught my eye were no wings, and no lights of any kind.
North Dakota Light
Grand Forks on October 29, 2022, captured multiple pictures of two craft at 6:53 pm. The round red lights were lower with two random pulsating lights. The second light was orange.
Pennsylvania Dog Spots UFOs
Nanticoke on October 31,, 2022, my dog on several occasions looks up at the ski to hear and watch planes. I don’t hear anything but take pic and I see UFO’s. The craft emit sounds only dogs can hear.
Texas Triangle
Fort Worth on October 14, 2022, I was in traffic when I saw a very advanced airplane, it moved was very different from an airplane. It was just hovering, then it flew away at an incredible speed,
Worldwide UFO Sightings
Australia Light
Christie Downs on November 6, 2022, witnessed and extremely bright object pass in front of a Virgin aircraft heading to Brisbane from Adelaide at about 14,000 feet at 1.06 pm. Also, on November 11 , 2022
Canada Object
Edmontonon October 24 ,2022, I was walking and I heard this loud explosion. I saw a boomerang shaped massive object fly right over me and froze. It was grey with a left blue light, right pink, a white light in the middle.
Fargo Islands , North Atlantic Archipelago
Oxfordon November 10 , 2022, I was viewing satellites.pro and came across this boat in the Fargo Islands. north of Scotland. I think UFOs are coming from the OCEAN FLOOR!
France Light
Talence on November 12, 2022, cloud in question was in a stationary position, and then began to move slowly before dissipating. Bolide with a rather rising rectilinear trajectory, no trace left in its path.
Italy Lights
Segrate Milan on October 6, 2022, my family were chatting with 2 friends at 11 pm when I took out my camera to take a photo of us and noticed this bright green stationary rectangular object on the lens.
UK/England Objects
Water beach on October 24 , 2022, we went for a walk with my toddler. My daughter 8 stated that the first object looked like E2, with a larger dome and the other objects were most similar to K2 and O4.
Paisleyon November , 2022, at 16.03 PM look out my window and saw a craft to get a 7 second video. I later looked at the video the shape was that of a cigar spinning and that has lights/
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I have put together a DVD of the last twenty years of Filer’s Files for you with hundreds of great photographs and UFO sightings that will explain the phenomena and the importance to your life and your family. Additionally, I have included my book within the DVD that includes George Ritter’s exciting abduction story told by Linda Moulton Howe. Broadcaster David E. Twichell joined me to write the book. We are asking for a donation of only $50 that includes next year’s subscription and our book. Please include your e-mail address and mailing address.
Our research is uncovering amazing truths by solving challenging projects deemed too difficult by other firms. We have had some success in finding missing persons. We could use your help in getting more results from our research. I have put together a DVD of the last seventeen years of Filer’s Files for you with hundreds of great photographs and UFO sightings. Additionally, I have decided to include my book within the DVD that includes George Ritter’s exciting abduction story told by Linda Moulton Howe. Broadcaster David E. Twichell joined me to write the book. We are asking for a donation of only $50 that includes next year’s subscription and our book. Please include your e-mail address and mailing address.
Have been digging through the giant DVD you sent recently. As a relatively recent joiner, I was unaware of the years’ worth of consistent reports of the same types of objects all over. This has been very educational. Just wanted to thank you for all you’ve done. Bruce W. Freeman Attorney at Law
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Filer’s Files is copyrighted 2015 by George A. Filer, all rights reserved. Readers may post the COMPLETE files on their Web Sites if they credit the newsletter and its editor by name, and list the date of issue. These reports and comments are not necessarily the OFFICIAL MUFON viewpoint. Send your letters to Majorstar Sending mail automatically grants permission for us to publish and use your name. Please state if you wish to keep your name or e-mail confidential. CAUTION MOST OF THESE ARE INITIAL REPORTS AND REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION. If you wish to stop receiving these files, please send a message to Majorstar
Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women; God Bless Our Troops, and Georgie, Elizabeth, and Victoria Filer, and Eddie Pedrick. May the Angels be your guide and take you to paradise.
Put another way, a young person in the U.S. is nearly 11 times as likely to die in a swimming pool than in a school shooting. Few public officials would say pools are doing a poor job protecting swimmers, but the statistics suggest that we need “more lifeguards at pools, as opposed to guards at schools,” Fox said
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
CAUTION MOST OF THESE ARE INITIAL REPORTS AND REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION. If you wish to stop receiving these files, please send a message to Majorstar@verizon.net.
Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women Georgie Filer and Eddie Pedrick my grandsons who both drowned. We pray that God will bless those who read these files spiritually.
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The pharaohs exchange the pyramids for the Valley of the Kings
The pharaohs exchange the pyramids for the Valley of the Kings
On November 26, 1922, the English Egyptologist Howard Carterpeered anxiously through a small hole he had made minutes before in that intact door.
Behind it was the antechamber in which the objects of the funerary trousseau of King Tutankhamun were piled up. To the anxious question of Lord Carnarvon, his companion and patron, if he could see anything in the dim light of the candle, Carter only said: “Yes, wonderful things.”
Three days later, the official opening of the tomb took place before illustrious personalities, privileged witnesses of what many already described as the most important archaeological discovery of the century.
The place that had served as an eternity abode for the pharaohs of the New Kingdom was regaining its leading role in history.
The necropolis was carved out of the mountainous slopes of the west bank of the Nile, facing present-day Luxor. The ancient Egyptians called this space “the place of the gods west of Thebes”.
Inaugurated by the kings of the 18th dynasty, it remained active until the end of the 20th dynasty. Its origin, its expansion and its final abandonment were a reflection of funerary customs developed throughout one of the most splendid periods of Egypt.
The location, architecture and decoration of the tombs are loaded with important magical-religious symbolism.
In search of eternity
The tomb was the most important work in the life of the ancient Egyptian, in which he invested all his efforts. It was not only the place that would house his remains, but it was conceived as a sacred space from which to achieve his survival in the afterlife.
This belief was based on the idea of overcoming death as a continuous and eternal rebirth.
However, the destiny reserved for the king of Egypt was very different from the one that the rest of the mortals were going to enjoy.
While for these the afterlife was an idyllic reproduction of earthly Egypt, which they entered after successfully passing the Judgment of Osiris, the pharaoh’s destiny was in heaven, together with the gods.
The king’s death was only the beginning of his regeneration, and the tomb was the architectural setting in which it would take place. The deceased king would ascend to heaven and merge with the sun disk.
The New Kingdom monarch was strongly assimilated to the god Osiris. This, king of the gods, was killed and brought back to life thanks to the magic of his wife Isis, then becoming the sovereign of the kingdom of the dead.
The entrance of the deceased king into his tomb is the entrance to the underworld dominated by Osiris, from which he will emerge regenerated like the sun at dawn. The delicate balance between the solar and Osiriac elements will characterize the tombs of the Valley.
The valley is born
Work on the tomb of a king was undertaken immediately after his coronation, under the orders of a high official or the vizier. Once the death of the monarch had occurred, there were only 70 days, once the embalming process had been completed, to finalize the details of the transfer of the mummy and to install the funerary trousseau.
The kings who inaugurated the 18th dynasty chose as their burial place an area of the Theban mountain dominated by a spectacular pyramid-shaped peak sculpted by erosion.
The choice of the place was determined by its proximity to the city of Thebes, named the new capital of Egypt. Throughout the New Kingdom, the Theban area arose as a great sacred space where both shores were closely related.
The eastern one housed the Temples of Karnak and Luxor. Meanwhile, in the west, the most important necropolises of the period were excavated: The Valley of the Kings, the Valley of the Queens and the Valley of the Nobles.
The funerary temples, where the cult of the deceased king was celebrated, were separated for the first time from the tomb and were built on the same shore, but in the plain area.
The royalty had chosen to excavate their tombs in the prehistoric valleys of the desert, sheltered by the two goddesses who protected the place: Hathor, “the lady of the west”, and Meretseger, “the one who loves silence”.
The steep slopes and high cliffs were the perfect setting to recreate the new funerary conceptions that would be put into practice throughout the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt.
The kings ordered the work of their tombs to specialized workers. This was the origin of the artisan village of the “Place of Truth”, the current Deir el-Medina, a few kilometers from the Valley.
They were excellent stonemasons, specialists in cutting limestone strata and finding solutions to unexpected problems. Tombs like Hatshepsut’s show how they must have altered the direction of the tunnels because of the rock.
The frenetic activity in the Valley forced a strong organization of the workers, who organized themselves into two teams of 70 men each, working 10 days for one party.
The royal tomb underwent constant evolution throughout the New Kingdom, paralleling the religious development imposed by each dynasty.
This evolution was carried out according to the location and the design was simplified, but the size was enlarged and the decoration was increased.
The paths of the sun
On the occasion of the pharaoh’s death, the funeral procession transported the king from the eastern bank of Thebes to the western one.
As the sun sank below the horizon, the royal mummy reached the mountain and descended into the Valley of the Kings, making the same circuit as the setting sun.
Thus began the search for the regeneration of the deceased king linked to the destiny of the sun god Ra. The royal tomb became the architectural space that reproduced Ra’s journey through the underworld of Osiris.
That is why the type of tomb chosen was also underground, excavated in the rock, something that the kings of the Seventeenth Dynasty had already experienced for the first time. The type of pyramid tomb inspired solely by solar conceptions was definitively abandoned.
From the entrance of the tomb to the chamber of the sarcophagus, the pharaoh would follow the same path as the sun. Crossing the threshold, there was a sequence of corridors and stairs that reproduced the daily course of the sun during the day and night.
Each corridor was called the path of the sun (“first path of the sun, second path of the sun”…).
The first tombs of the 18th dynasty accentuated Osiris’ symbolism. They were conceived as entrances to the depths of the underworld, carving out steeply sloping corridors into the heart of the mountain.
The tomb of Queen Hatshepsut, the longest in the Valley with its more than two hundred meters, acquires a drop of almost one hundred. It was designed with the shaft bent into the characteristic “L” shape.
Later, the Ramesside tombs reinterpreted this idea and opted for a rectilinear east-west axis that underlined the solar character by representing the trajectory of the star.
The blue ceilings, sprinkled with stars, reproduced the diurnal journey of the sun , showing its transformation from a resplendent yellow disc in the form of a scarab to its entry into the night as an aged god with a ram’s head.
At the other end of the tomb was the chamber that would house the royal sarcophagus. Supported by four pillars, it was rectangular (occasionally it was cartridge-shaped).
It was called the “Room of Gold” because it was the place where the definitive regeneration of the king would take place.
In some tombs, such as that of Tutankhamun, the walls were painted yellow in clear allusion to their solar appearance. The sarcophagus was placed transversely in the chamber, but in the 20th dynasty it was symbolically aligned with the rectilinear solar axis. The ceiling simulated the celestial vault.
An astronomical ceiling with the representation of constellations and parts of the calendar is found for the first time in the tomb of Seti I.
When in 1817 Giovanni B. Belzoni, one of the great adventurers of the Valley, discovered the tomb, he already described it as one of the jewels of the necropolis.
landscapes of the beyond
The decorative program was adapted to the architecture of the tomb and was rigorously fixed. In the 18th dynasty, the decoration only affected the rooms, while in the Ramesside period it was extended to all surfaces.
The wall decorations illustrated Ra’s nocturnal journey through the underworld. This daily journey of the sun was understood by the Egyptians as a journey by boat on an underground river in imitation of the journey through the Nile.
On this journey, the god Ra is accompanied by other gods who assist him in his daily victory.
The themes of the scenes are drawn from compositions expressly created for the king. These funerary “books” constituted a detailed map of the geography of the underground world and an essential “guide” to know how to successfully overcome the obstacles that appeared along the way.
The key was to know all the secrets: the names, the charms… to defeat the enemies.
Thus, one of the most repeated episodes is the formulas for the annihilation of the serpent Apophis “Apep”, incarnation of the forces of chaos and eternal adversary of Ra. Every night it was dismembered to be reborn the next day.
The main composition represented what the Egyptians called “what is in the Lower World”, or Book of the Amduat. It described the sun’s journey through the 12 night hours, which corresponded to 12 regions of the underground world.
In the last hour the sun was reborn over the horizon in the shape of a snake. The sarcophagus chamber will become the reserved space at the twelfth hour.
On the basis of the Book of the Amduat , another of the great compositions was elaborated: The Book of the Doors.
Each of the 12 hours was now separated by a gate defended by jinn and fire-breathing serpents. The vision of a different subterranean world, conceived as a succession of caverns and holes that the sun had to pass through, was described in the Book of Caverns.
Other texts such as the Litany of Ra or the Book of Heaven were widely developed in the Ramesside period, and imagined an increasingly complex afterlife for the king.
The closure of the tomb
The burial of the pharaoh was carried out by the successor king, since it was understood as an act of legitimation. Thus, King Ay was in charge of organizing the tomb of Tutankhamun and directing the funerals.
In the burial chamber he was represented performing the rite of “opening the mouth” of the young monarch’s mummy, the purpose of which was to restore the physical faculties of speaking or eating.
The funerary equipment of the pharaoh was made up of objects that were useful to him in the afterlife, such as food offerings, furniture, jewelry or ritual figures. All of them with an inherent magical-religious charge.
But without a doubt the main piece was the sarcophagus. The mummy was placed inside a wooden coffin which, in turn, was inserted into several coffins.
A rectangular stone sarcophagus enclosed the complex. Most of the sarcophagi were opened as a result of looting and transfers. Only Thutmose I and Thutmose III kept their original coffin.
Near the sarcophagus the canopic jars were placed, which contained the organs extracted in the mummification.
Once the sarcophagus was placed in the chamber, and a ritual banquet was held, the successive corridors and rooms were sealed with large stone slabs.
Decline and abandonment
Although the arrival of the Ramessides to the throne meant the transfer of the capital to Memphis, Thebes remained as a religious capital and tombs continued to be built in its necropolis.
In fact, the latest burial discovered in the Valley is that of Ramses XI, although it was never finished.
At the end of the New Kingdom, the Valley of the Kings witnessed its most convulsive period, the result of the political instability and economic crisis that marked the last reigns of the 20th dynasty.
Surveillance in the necropolis decreased, and uncontrolled grave robbing proliferated. Looting networks often acted with the complicity of workers from Deir el-Medina.
The discontent among the artisans had led to several protests that even led, as in the 29th year of Ramses III, to a general strike.
From the beginning of the New Kingdom the violability of the necropolis was already evident. Tutankhamun’s tomb was desecrated on several occasions shortly after its closure. Some were looted before being occupied, as happened with Seti II.
The scandal would break out during the reign of Ramses IX, who ordered the opening of numerous legal proceedings against offenders. Various papyri recorded the trials and convictions, exposing the corruption of high-ranking Theban officials.
The weakness of the royal authority exercised by Ramses XI allowed the High Priest of the god Amun in Thebes to authorize the free looting of the Theban necropolises to finance the expenses of the temple.
This instability ended with a political division that would give way to another stage in the history of Egypt: The Third Intermediate Period.
The north was in the hands of the Twenty-first Dynasty, which built its own necropolis in the new capital of Tanis. Thebes and southern Egypt came under the control of the High Priests.
The Valley of the Kings was abandoned by the pharaohs, being reused only on occasion for non-royal burials. With the lack of work, the Deir el-Medina community evacuated the city.
The clergy of Amun began a slow dismantling of the royal tombs, scouring the Valley in a contradictory performance: The pious restoration of the royal mummies and the unrestrained search for the gold they contained.
The Horse Ring of Ramses II, also known as the Ring with Horses, is dated approximately between 1279 and 1213 BC. It... Horse Ring of King Ramses II Read more
Deir el-Medina is in the deserted hills on the west side of the Nile, near the Valley of the Kings and 4 km away from... Tomb of Nebamun (Amazing Photos) Read more
De nieuwe Amerikaanse raket die op weg is naar de maan "overtreft de verwachtingen", meldt de VS-ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA. Het vaartuig Orion is woensdag begonnen aan zijn eerste vlucht naar de maan en terug.
Over een paar jaar willen de Verenigde Staten weer mensen op de maan laten rondlopen, voor het eerst sinds 1972. De onbemande missie Artemis I is een generale repetitie om de veiligheid van de Orion te toetsen.
De in Leiden gemaakte zonnepanelen van de Orion, die zorgen voor de elektriciteit aan boord, leveren meer energie op dan verwacht, zei het missiehoofd van Orion op vrijdag (plaatselijke tijd) vanuit het Johnson Space Center in Houston.
Orion is al 320.000 kilometer van de aarde verwijderd. Vanaf maandag komt het ruimtevaartuig in de buurt van de maan. Daar zal het bijna twee weken omheen draaien. Begin december moet het vaartuig de maan verlaten en beginnen aan de terugvlucht naar de aarde. Die eindigt, als alles goed gaat, op 11 december.
Artemis I is de eerste vlucht in het nieuwe maanprogramma van de Verenigde Staten. Als deze missie goed verloopt dan stuurt Artemis II een bemanning astronauten om de maan heen zonder erop te landen, waarna Artemis III opnieuw mensen op het maanoppervlak zal moeten brengen.
KIJK. Orion-capsule maakt unieke beelden van onze aarde
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:HLN.be - Het Laatste Nieuws ( NL)
Amazing footage! Mothership UFO releasing smaller UFOs over the Moon!
Amazing footage! Mothership UFO releasing smaller UFOs over the Moon!
This fascinating UFO footage of some kind of a mother ship releasing a smaller UFOs over the surface of the Moon. This was filmed from New Jersey in early November 2022. Author said they have used a 500MM lens with a digital X2 on a gyro stabilized mount and that was the quality they had.
Check out the video below and let me know in the comments what you think about it!
The James Webb Space Telescope has captured two of the most distant galaxies (orange-red objects) ever observed. The galaxy on the right is dated to about 350 million years after the Big Bang, which occurred 13.8 billion years ago.
Credit: Science: NASA, ESA, CSA, Tommaso Treu (UCLA);
Image Processing: Zolt G. Levay (STScI)
Using the new James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), astronomers have spotted two leading contenders for what could be the most distant galaxy ever seen. Both surfaced in the scrum of preliminary results that were posted online as preprints in the weeks after the telescope’s science operations began in July. After going through extensive scrutiny, including re-evaluation owing to updated calibration of the telescope, the results are now some of the first JWST findings on the early Universe to be published in peer-reviewed reports1,2.
Researchers still need to confirm the distances of these galaxies by analysing the spectral properties of the light that they emit. But if initial estimates are correct, light from these objects has travelled such great distances that they appear as they did just 350 million to 450 million years after the Big Bang. Along with other JWST findings, these observations indicate that galaxies formed and evolved earlier in the Universe’s history than astronomers had been able to probe until now.
“It’s been a bit of a surprise that there are so many that formed so early,” says Jeyhan Kartaltepe, an astronomer at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York. And that is challenging notions of how galaxies formed early in the Universe, she says.
Like many of the far-away galaxies spotted by the telescope, the two contenders for the most distant appear small and bright, suggesting that they are compact, disk-shaped objects rather than being diffuse and straggly. Their tidiness and brightness hint that early galaxies had already developed well-organized structures out of many stars, rather than being distorted and faint as earlier studies with the Hubble Space Telescope had indicated.
“This is amazing — we are seeing such luminous galaxies at early times,” Garth Illingworth, an author on one of the new reports who is an astronomer at the University of California, Santa Cruz, said at a 17 November press briefing.
A race for the record
JWST, a US$10-billion observatory, studies the Universe in infrared wavelengths. One of its specialties is being able to detect light from distant galaxies that has been stretched to redder wavelengths by the expansion of the Universe. Astronomers use a measure known as redshift to describe exactly how far away galaxies are, with higher redshifts indicating more distant objects. One of the now-published distant-galaxy candidates has a redshift of 10.4 or 10.6, and the second candidate has a redshift of 12.2 or 12.4. The latter breaks the previous record: a galaxy with a redshift of around 11, spotted by Hubble3.
Using deep-field images from JWST, researchers have pinpointed two distant galaxies with redshifts of about 10.5 and 12.5, making them some of the farthest away ever observed.
Credit: Science: NASA, ESA, CSA, Tommaso Treu (UCLA);
Image Processing: Zolt G. Levay (STScI)
The final, published redshifts are slightly lower than those reported in earlier preprints. Like many early JWST results, the findings went through extensive re-calculation after the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, released updated data calibrations for the telescope starting in late July.
Many other distant-galaxy candidates from JWST are still working their way through the peer-review process. Some could surpass the new record-holder at redshift 12.4. At least one has already been spectroscopically confirmed at redshift 9.76, in a preprint posted on 27 October to arXiv.org4. That preprint is listed as having been submitted to Nature.
Meanwhile, scientists are looking more broadly at what the telescope is revealing about galaxy formation. In a preprint posted on 10 November5, a team including Kartaltepe analysed 26 galaxies observed by the telescope with preliminary redshifts from 9 to 16. That work, too, finds that there are many more bright galaxies at these distances than theory had predicted. “While it is early days with JWST,” the authors write, “[initial] results provide an enthralling glimpse of the potential secrets the early universe has which our observations can unlock.”
doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-03751-z
References
Castellano, M. et al.Astrophys. J. Lett.938, L15 (2022).
MAAN ONTSTOND MOGELIJK AL BINNEN PAAR UUR NA KOSMISCHE MEGABOTSING (DAT DUURDE DUS GEEN JAREN)
MAAN ONTSTOND MOGELIJK AL BINNEN PAAR UUR NA KOSMISCHE MEGABOTSING (DAT DUURDE DUS GEEN JAREN)
Jeannette Kras
Er was een tijd dat de aarde in z’n eentje rond de zon cirkelde, zonder zijn kompaan de maan. Totdat Theia de aarde ramde en een kosmisch slagveld veroorzaakte, waaruit de maan ontstond. Een nieuwe, krachtige computersimulatie laat zien dat dit proces waarschijnlijk heel rap ging.
Miljarden jaren geleden zag de aarde er heel anders uit dan nu. In die tijd werd de aarde geraakt door Theia, een ruimteobject zo groot als Mars. Dit ging niet bepaald zachtzinnig. Een grote hoeveelheid aardmassa vloog de ruimte in en deed er een aantal dagen of omwentelingen om de aardas over om onder invloed van de zwaartekracht van de aarde weer terug te vallen op onze planeet. Een relatief kleine hoeveelheid ruimtepuin was echter zo ver weggeslingerd door de botsing, dat het in een stabiele baan om de aarde heen bleef cirkelen. Dit klonterde uiteindelijk samen en de maan was geboren.
Hoe deze maanformatie precies heeft plaatsgevonden en hoe lang het proces in totaal heeft geduurd, is een wetenschappelijke puzzel die sterrenkundigen al decennialang bezighoudt. De meeste theorieën beweren dat de maan ontstaan is uit het puin van de botsing met Theia, en dat het meerdere maanden of zelfs jaren duurde voordat al het materiaal dat in een baan rond de aarde rondvloog, samengesmolten was.
Nieuwe simulatie Een nieuwe simulatie komt echter tot een andere conclusie: de maan is mogelijk vrijwel direct na de botsing gevormd. Binnen enkele uren na de impact ontstonden twee klompen. De kleinste van de twee katapulteerde door de zwaartekracht van de ander in een stabiele baan rond de aarde. De rest van het ruimtepuin, inclusief de grotere klomp, smolt onder invloed van de aardse zwaartekracht weer samen met de aarde.
Er zijn computers met een immense rekenkracht ingezet om de maansimulaties in dit onderzoek door te rekenen. Er zijn zo veel verschillende krachten aan het werk, dat een grotere hoeveelheid rekenkracht de uitkomsten van de simulaties flink kan veranderen. De nieuwe berekening toonde aan dat belangrijke aspecten van de ruimtebotsing werden gemist door eerdere, minder krachtige simulaties.
Kosmische puzzel De massa, de baan rond de aarde en de uitkomsten van de analyses van maansteenmonsters zijn allemaal aanwijzingen voor wat zich heeft afgespeeld bij de geboorte van de maan. Het is opmerkelijk dat de samenstelling van de maan zo veel op die van de aarde lijkt. Bij het analyseren van de isotopen in het maanstof blijkt dat de maan bestaat uit materiaal dat chemisch vrijwel hetzelfde is als waar rotsen op aarde uit zijn opgebouwd. Dit in tegenstelling tot rotsen op Mars of elders in het zonnestelsel: een sterke aanwijzing dat veel van het materiaal waaruit de maan bestaat oorspronkelijk van de aarde kwam, en niet van Theia.
De nieuwe maantheorie is erg aanlokkelijk, omdat allerlei lastige kwesties die niet strookten met eerdere theorieën – onder andere over de dunne maankorst en zijn gekantelde baan – nu beter kunnen worden verklaard. Analyse van toekomstige maanmonsters door NASA’s Artemis-missie kunnen de nieuwe theorie bevestigen, maar daar zullen we nog even op moeten wachten. Artemis is van plan dieper in het oppervlak van de maan te boren en op andere plekken op de maan monsters te nemen.
Gedeelde geschiedenis Deze studies leren ons niet alleen meer over de maan, maar ook over de ontwikkeling van de aarde. “Hoe meer we leren over hoe de maan is ontstaan, hoe meer we ontdekken over de evolutie van onze eigen aarde”, zegt coauteur en onderzoeker Vincent Eke van de Britse Durham University (niet te verwarren met de Nederlandse theoretische natuurkundige Vincent Icke). “Hun geschiedenissen zijn met elkaar verweven, net als bij andere planeten en hun manen, die door vergelijkbare of juist heel andersoortige botsingen zijn ontstaan.”
Verleden en toekomst In de kosmos botsen constant allerlei ruimteobjecten tegen elkaar aan. De inslagen zijn een essentieel onderdeel van hoe planetaire lichamen zich vormen en evolueren. Zo is dat ook in ons zonnestelsel altijd het geval geweest, en zo zal dit ook doorgaan in de toekomst. De impact van de botsing met Theia was gigantisch en heeft de loop van de geschiedenis veranderd. Hoe beter wetenschappers kunnen simuleren en analyseren hoe deze ruimtebotsingen in z’n werk zijn gegaan, hoe beter we in de toekomst kunnen kijken, en kunnen begrijpen hoe een planeet kan evolueren en leven kan voortbrengen zoals op onze eigen aarde.
In onderstaande animatie van NASA’s Ames Research Center en Durham University is de botsing van de aarde met Theia en de mogelijke ontstaansgeschiedenis van de maan prachtig in beeld gebracht.
VEILIG RUIMTEREIZEN: KAN EEN KUNSTMATIGE WINTERSLAAP BESCHERMEN TEGEN KOSMISCHE STRALING?
VEILIG RUIMTEREIZEN: KAN EEN KUNSTMATIGE WINTERSLAAP BESCHERMEN TEGEN KOSMISCHE STRALING?
Jeannette Kras
In sciencefiction is een vorm van kunstmatige winterslaap gesneden koek om de langdradige reisperiodes van planeet naar planeet te overbruggen. Gaan we dat ook in het echt meemaken?
Er zijn veel voordelen aan het voor langere tijd laten inslapen van astronauten. Zo zijn ze beter beschermd tegen kosmische straling, voorkomt het lichamelijke en psychologische problemen en is er minder tijd om ruzie te maken aan boord. Ook kunnen de ruimtereizigers efficiënt opeengestapeld worden, wat ruimte en gewicht bespaart in het toestel. Er wordt dus logischerwijs veel onderzoek gedaan naar een veilige manier om mensen in een zogenaamde torpor-toestand te brengen, om hen na bijvoorbeeld een half jaar, want zo lang duurt een bemande ruimtemissie naar Mars ongeveer, weer te laten ontwaken.
Doornroosje op ruimtemissie Torpor (Latijn voor verlamming of bewegingloosheid) is een toestand van verminderde fysiologische activiteit: de lichaamstemperatuur gaat omlaag, de stofwisseling vermindert en lichaamsfuncties, zoals hartslag, ademhaling en zuurstofopname vertragen aanzienlijk. Op moleculair niveau gaat ook het tempo van de genactiviteit en de eiwitsynthese omlaag. Sommige zoogdieren en vogels kunnen al torpide worden en zijn dan volledig inactief en totaal verstijfd. Ze reageren nauwelijks meer op externe prikkels en besparen op deze manier energie. Dagelijkse torpor komt voor bij vogels, buideldieren en knaagdieren. Zomer- en winterslaap zijn vormen van langdurige torpor.
Een internationaal team van biofysici van het GSI Helmholtz-zentrum in Darmstadt heeft onderzoek gedaan naar weefselschade door kosmische straling bij ratten en gekeken of ratten die in een kunstmatige torpor werden gebracht, beter beschermd waren tegen kosmische straling. Dit bleek zo te zijn. De onderzoekers hebben goede aanwijzingen gevonden voor de mogelijke fysiologische voordelen van kunstmatige winterslaap. De resistentie tegen straling werd duidelijk groter tijdens de verdoofde toestand dus dat biedt mogelijkheden voor astronauten.
Ruimtestraling houdt ons tegen Ruimtestraling is een van de belangrijkste gezondheidsrisico’s voor bemande ruimtemissies in ons zonnestelsel. De schadelijke effecten vormen een grote uitdaging, vooral voor toekomstige langdurige ruimtemissies. Een trip naar de maan is zo gedaan, maar wil je als mens naar Mars, dan ben je al een half jaar bezig. En dat is dan nog onze buurplaneet. Kosmische straling bestaat uit hoogenergetische geladen deeltjes, afkomstig uit verre sterrenstelsels. De energie van deze deeltjes is zo groot dat een gangbare beschermlaag rondom het ruimtevaartuig het gros ervan niet kan tegenhouden. De atmosfeer van de aarde houdt deze schadelijke deeltjes wel tegen. Hierdoor is de blootstelling in de ruimte meer dan tweehonderd keer zo groot als op aarde. Als een mens voor langere tijd wordt blootgesteld aan kosmische straling, dan loopt onder andere het risico op kanker aanzienlijk op.
“Onderzoek naar de effecten van torpor op kosmische stralingsresistentie is nieuw en veelbelovend. Onze resultaten geven aan dat synthetische verdoving een belangrijk hulpmiddel kan zijn om de stralingsprotectie in levende organismen tijdens langdurige ruimtemissies te verbeteren. Het zou dus een effectieve strategie kunnen zijn om mensen te beschermen terwijl ze het zonnestelsel verkennen”, zegt professor Marco Durante.
Torpor beschermt Uit eerder onderzoek bleek al dat dieren die van nature in winterslaap zijn, in deze toestand beter beschermd zijn tegen straling. De Duitse studie is zo belangrijk, omdat het team erin is geslaagd om voor de eerste keer een dier (een rat), dat net als de mens van nature niet in torpor gaat, in een kunstmatige winterslaapachtige toestand te brengen. Zo konden de wetenschappers bewijzen dat ook de weefselcellen van ratten in torpor-toestand een hogere resistentie hadden tegen de hoogenergetische zware ionen. Oftewel: synthetische winterslaap heeft een beschermend effect bij een normaal gesproken dodelijke dosis straling en vermindert aantoonbaar de weefselschade.
Koud en zuurstofarm Bovendien kon het team het onderliggende mechanisme blootleggen in de weefselcellen van ratten. Ze toonden aan dat een lagere zuurstofconcentratie in de weefsels (hypoxie) en een verminderd metabolisme bij lage temperatuur (hypothermie) twee belangrijke factoren zijn bij het voorkomen van celbeschadiging. Daarnaast hebben veranderingen in het metabolisme bij lage temperaturen ook invloed op het DNA-herstel.
Er is nog veel onderzoek nodig om het stralingsbeschermende effect van synthetische verdoving in organen te onderzoeken en beter te begrijpen. Momenteel is het technisch niet mogelijk om een mens op een veilige en gecontroleerde manier te laten overwinteren. Het onderzoek vordert echter gestaag. Het neuronale netwerk dat verantwoordelijk is voor torpor is pas net ontrafeld. De resultaten van dit onderzoek zijn een nieuwe stap in de goede richting.
NASA’s Webb Catches Fiery Hourglass as New Star Forms
NASA’s Webb Catches Fiery Hourglass as New Star Forms
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has revealed the once-hidden features of the protostar within the dark cloud L1527, providing insight into the beginnings of a new star. These blazing clouds within the Taurus star-forming region are only visible in infrared light, making it an ideal target for Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam).
The protostar itself is hidden from view within the “neck” of this hourglass shape. An edge-on protoplanetary disk is seen as a dark line across the middle of the neck. Light from the protostar leaks above and below this disk, illuminating cavities within the surrounding gas and dust.
The protostar within the dark cloud L1527, shown in this image from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam), is embedded within a cloud of material feeding its growth. Ejections from the star have cleared out cavities above and below it, whose boundaries glow orange and blue in this infrared view. The upper central region displays bubble-like shapes due to stellar “burps,” or sporadic ejections.
Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI. Image processing: J. DePasquale, A. Pagan, and A. Koekemoer (STScI)
The region’s most prevalent features, the clouds colored blue and orange in this representative-color infrared image, outline cavities created as material shoots away from the protostar and collides with surrounding matter. The colors themselves are due to layers of dust between Webb and the clouds. The blue areas are where the dust is thinnest. The thicker the layer of dust, the less blue light is able to escape, creating pockets of orange.
Webb also reveals filaments of molecular hydrogen that have been shocked as the protostar ejects material away from it. Shocks and turbulence inhibit the formation of new stars, which would otherwise form all throughout the cloud. As a result, the protostar dominates the space, taking much of the material for itself.
Despite the chaos that L1527 causes, it’s only about 100,000 years old - a relatively young body. Given its age and its brightness in far-infrared light as observed by missions like the Infrared Astronomical Satellite, L1527 is considered a class 0 protostar, the earliest stage of star formation. Protostars like these, which are still cocooned in a dark cloud of dust and gas, have a long way to go before they become full-fledged stars. L1527 doesn’t generate its own energy through nuclear fusion of hydrogen yet, an essential characteristic of stars. Its shape, while mostly spherical, is also unstable, taking the form of a small, hot, and puffy clump of gas somewhere between 20 and 40% the mass of our Sun.
As the protostar continues to gather mass, its core gradually compresses and gets closer to stable nuclear fusion. The scene shown in this image reveals L1527 doing just that. The surrounding molecular cloud is made up of dense dust and gas being drawn to the center, where the protostar resides. As the material falls in, it spirals around the center. This creates a dense disk of material, known as an accretion disk, which feeds material to the protostar. As it gains more mass and compresses further, the temperature of its core will rise, eventually reaching the threshold for nuclear fusion to begin.
The disk, seen in the image as a dark band in front of the bright center, is about the size of our solar system. Given the density, it’s not unusual for much of this material to clump together - the beginnings of planets. Ultimately, this view of L1527 provides a window into what our Sun and solar system looked like in their infancy.
The James Webb Space Telescope is the world's premier space science observatory. Webb will solve mysteries in our solar system, look beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probe the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and the Canadian Space Agency.
JAMES WEBB ZIET PASGEBOREN STER EEN HOOP STENNIS SCHOPPEN
JAMES WEBB ZIET PASGEBOREN STER EEN HOOP STENNIS SCHOPPEN
Vivian Lammerse
De ster geeft een uniek inkijkje in hoe onze zon en ons zonnestelsel er in het allereerste begin uitzagen.
NASA heeft wederom een verbluffend plaatje, gemaakt door de krachtige James Webb-telescoop, vrijgegeven. Op de foto is een kleurrijke zandloper te herkennen. En precies in het midden, in de ‘hals’, houdt een pasgeboren ster zich op. Wat met name heel bijzonder is, is dat de vlammende oranje en blauwe wolken alleen zichtbaar zijn in infrarood licht. Daarom waren ze nog nooit gezien voordat ze werden vastgelegd door Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (Nircam).
De protoster L1527 is te zien in het midden van de prachtige, kleurrijke kosmische wolk. Weggeslingerd materiaal van de ster heeft geleid tot de vorming van holtes in de wolk, waardoor het stof op sommige plekken dikker en dunner is (op deze foto oranje en blauw gekleurd).
Afbeelding: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI. Image processing: J. DePasquale, A. Pagan, and A. Koekemoer (STScI)
Hierboven is de foto in al zijn glorie te bewonderen. De prachtige kosmische wolken ontstaan doordat materiaal dat door de pasgeboren ster wordt afgeworpen, botst met omringende materie. Het licht van de protoster schiet vervolgens naar boven en naar onder, waardoor de holtes in het gas en stof worden verlicht. Het stof is het dunst in de blauwe gebieden. Hoe dikker de stoflaag, des te minder blauw licht er kan ontsnappen, waardoor de oranje gekleurde regio’s ontstaan.
L1527 De pasgeboren ster die op de foto omringd wordt door de kleurrijke wolken, staat bekend als L1527. L1527 is piepjong, ongeveer 100.000 jaar oud (een oogwenk in kosmische termen). Gezien zijn leeftijd en helderheid wordt deze ster beschouwd als een protoster van klasse 0: het vroegste stadium van stervorming.
Lange weg te gaan Protosterren zoals deze, die zich nog in een dikke wolk van kosmisch stof en gassen bevinden, hebben nog een lange weg te gaan voordat ze als volwaardige sterren kunnen worden aangemerkt. L1527 wekt bijvoorbeeld nog geen eigen energie op door kernfusie van waterstof, een essentieel kenmerk van sterren. Zijn vorm, hoewel grotendeels bolvormig, is ook onstabiel en heeft de vorm van een kleine, hete en gezwollen klomp gas ergens tussen de 20 en 40 procent van de massa van onze zon.
Kernfusie Terwijl de protoster massa blijft verzamelen, wordt de kern geleidelijk samengedrukt en ontstaat er langzaam maar zeker een stabiele kernfusie. Het gefotografeerde tafereel bewijst dat L1527 precies in die transformatiefase zit. De omringende moleculaire wolk bestaat uit dicht stof en gas dat naar het centrum wordt gezogen, waar de protoster zich bevindt. Terwijl het materiaal naar binnen valt, draait het rond het midden. Hierdoor ontstaat een dichte schijf van materiaal. Naarmate het meer massa krijgt en verder wordt samengedrukt, zal de temperatuur van de kern stijgen en uiteindelijk de drempel bereiken waarop kernfusie begint.
Protoplanetaire schijf De donkere band in het heldere centrum is de zogenoemde protoplanetaire schijf – een soort accretieschijf die zich vormt rond een zeer jonge ster. De schijf in de foto is ongeveer net zo groot als ons eigen zonnestelsel. Gezien de dichtheid is het niet ongebruikelijk dat veel van dit materiaal samenklontert waardoor planeten het levenslicht zien.
Zon en zonnestelsel Kortom, op het door Webb vervaardigde beeld zien we eigenlijk een piepjonge ster een hoop schennis schoppen. De ooit verborgen kenmerken van de protoster zijn zichtbaar gemaakt, wat verrassende inzichten heeft opgeleverd over het prille begin van nieuw gevormde sterren. Niet alleen verschaft de foto van Webb ons overigens meer inzicht in de eerste levensfasen van een ster, het geeft ons ook een heel uniek inkijkje in hoe onze zon en ons zonnestelsel er in het allereerste begin uitzagen.
De afbeelding kunnen we weer toevoegen aan Webb’s indrukwekkende lijstje van afgeleverde foto’s die onze kennis over het heelal uitbreiden. En we kunnen nog veel meer verwachten. De James Webb-telescoop is de opvolger van de beroemde Hubble-telescoop en is nu enkele maanden operationeel. De telescoop is ’s werelds belangrijkste observatorium, die een hoop mysteries in ons zonnestelsel belooft op te lossen, verre werelden rond andere sterren nog beter kan bekijken en veel over de oorsprong van ons universum en onze plaats daarin zal kunnen ontraadselen. Kortom, verwacht wordt dat de telescoop heel wat vragen gaat beantwoorden en onze kijk op het universum en de totstandkoming ervan radicaal zal veranderen. En zoals het er nu naar uitziet, ligt de telescoop helemaal op koers om die belofte waar te maken.
NASA has released a breathtaking video of Earth taken from the Orion capsule as it lifted off this morning in the Artemis I mission.
The uncrewed spacecraft began its 25-day mission around the moon at 2.00am EST (7:00am GMT) today onboard the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket.
Space fans lined the beaches and roads outside the Kennedy Space Center in Florida to watch the historic launch of the $4 billion (£3.5 billion) mission.
The 24-second clip shows the outline of our planet slowly shrinking away in the distance as the rocket accelerated to 12,000 mph (19,000 kph).
The official Twitter account for Artemis wrote: 'As @NASA_Orion begins the #Artemis I mission to the Moon, the spacecraft captured these stunning views of our home planet.'
Artemis I is designed to show that the SLS and Orion capsule are ready to carry astronauts to the moon in subsequent Artemis II and Artemis III missions.
Orion spacecraft shows us our home while on the way to the moon
The 24-second clip shows the outline of our planet slowly shrinking away in the distance as the rocket accelerated to 12,000 mph (19,000 kph)
Artemis I was successfully launched just before 2.00am EST this morning on a 25-day mission around the moon
This Artemis 1 mission will see the Orion capsule circle the moon and return to our planet after a 1.3 miIlion-mile voyage.
It signals the first stage of the US space agency's goal to return humans to the lunar surface for the first time in half a century.
If successful, the mission will be followed by a crewed trip around the moon in 2024, while a further mission in 2025 hopes to see human boots grace the lunar surface.
This would be the first time people have walked on the moon since 1972, and could include the first woman and first person of colour to do so.
NASA's ultimate plan is to build a permanent lunar outpost with a view to exploring deeper into the cosmos.
Social media users have been responding in awe to the video taken from the Orion capsule during lift-off, which has been described as 'absolutely beautiful'.
However, others have been tagging the Flat Earth Society in response to it, keen to hear its members' explanations to the view of our planet's curved outline.
Twitter user @Td91345887 brands the clip as 'fake' and that Earth 'got a graphics change'.
Social media users have been responding in awe to the video taken from the Orion capsule during lift-off, which has been described as 'absolutely beautiful'. However, others have been tagging the Flat Earth Society in response to it, keen to hear its members' explanations to the view of our planet's curved outline
Artemis is a historic launch that signals the first stage of NASA's goal to return people to the lunar surface for the first time in half a century
The plan is to return humans to the moon on Artemis III by 2025 and ultimately to build a permanent lunar outpost with a view to exploring deeper into the cosmos
Space fans lined the beaches and roads outside the Kennedy Space Center in Florida to watch the historic launch of the $4 billion (£3.5 billion) mission
WHAT IS ONBOARD ARTEMIS I?
This mission has no humans on board but a trio of human-sized test dummies stand in for the crew in the Orion capsule, their bodies swarming with sensors to measure radiation and vibration.
NASA has also revealed an Official Flight Kit list of items it sent on Artemis I, including 245 silver Snoopy pins, 567 American flags, a Dead Sea pebble and a cuddly version of cartoon dog Snoopy.
Soft toys actually serve a useful function on space missions, floating around as a 'zero-gravity indicator' to show when the spacecraft interior has reached the weightlessness of microgravity.
A small piece of moon rock from the Apollo 11 mission also joined the ride, along with a patch and a bolt from Neil Armstrong's iconic mission, to help connect the Apollo legacy to the Artemis program.
Artemis I even carries a variety of tree and plant seeds, too, as part of tests to study how they are affected by space radiation.
Cultivating plants in space is regarded as a critical factor in allowing humans to thrive during longer space missions, providing not only food but oxygen.
This morning's Artemis launch did not go without a hitch as, in the final few hours before lift-off, engineers was sent to the launch pad to tighten some bolts and stop a fuel leak.
However, at 01:47 EST (06:47 GMT), the rocket's four main R-25 engines and two boosters pushed the 32-storey rocket into the sky with 8.8 million pounds of thrust.
'We rise together, back to the moon and beyond,' said NASA's official commentator as the rocket took off.
About ten minutes later, the engines of the SLS rocket powered off and the core stage separated, as Artemis entered the Earth's orbit.
Then, at 03:42 (08:42 GMT), NASA announced that the Orion capsule - now flying solo - had completed its 20-minute 'trans-lunar injection manoeuvre'.
This accelerated it to more than 22,600 mph (36,370 kph) and propelled it towards the moon.
Artemis' launch director Charlie Blackwell-Thompson told her cheering colleagues: 'You are part of a first – it doesn't come along very often, once in a career, maybe.
'We are all part of something incredibly special: the first launch of Artemis. The first step in returning our country to the moon and on to Mars. What you have done today will inspire generations to come.'
Ms Blackwell-Thompson added in a statement: 'On behalf of all the men and women across our great nation who have worked to bring this hardware together to make this day possible, and for the Artemis generation, this is for you.'
The mega-rocket has faced numerous delays up to now, with its maiden launch date repeatedly pushed back since August.
Its first attempt was scrubbed after controllers struggled to get an engine cooled down to its correct operating temperature.
A second attempt at the start of September was then hampered by a fuel leak, before Storm Ian pushed it back to October at the end of that month.
The launch date was then changed again to November 14, before settling on November 16.
There were concerns that this launch date could slip again pending post-storm inspections, after the SLS was battered by gusts of up to 100mph while exposed to the might of Hurricane Nicole last week.
The 322ft (98m) rocket suffered damage after officials chose to leave it on the launch pad rather than wheel it back to the Vehicle Assembly Building.
The storm caused a tear in the engine rain covers and water to enter the crew access arm, but NASA said that these were 'minor' problems and did not delay launch.
Artemis sees an Orion spacecraft circle the Earth's natural satellite and return to our planet after a 1.3 miIlion-mile voyage
The journey takes a few days and Orion will get as close as 60 miles (100km) from the lunar surface before firing its thrusters to move into orbit up to 40,000 miles (64,000km) away
Ten shoebox-size secondary payloads, called CubeSats, are hitching a ride to space on Artemis I, while several other investigations are flying inside the Orion spacecraft (pictured) during the flight test
Named after the twin sister of Apollo in Greek mythology, Artemis signifies the modern incarnation of NASA's Apollo programme, which sent astronauts to the moon for the first time.
Its four RS-25 engines can power the rocket to speeds of up to 24,500 mph and propel it out of low-Earth orbit to the moon some 240,000 miles away.
The journey takes a few days and Orion will get as close as 60 miles (100km) from the lunar surface before firing its thrusters to move into orbit up to 40,000 miles (64,000km) away.
Ten shoebox-size secondary payloads, called CubeSats, are hitching a ride to space on Artemis I, while several other investigations are flying inside the Orion spacecraft during the flight test.
Each of the payloads will perform science and technology experiments in deep space, expanding our understanding of lunar science, technology developments, and deep space radiation.
During re-entry, Orion will emerge into the Earth's atmosphere at 25,000mph before splashing down off the California coast.
NASA will land the first woman and first person of color on the moon in 2025 as part of the Artemis mission
Artemis was the twin sister of Apollo and goddess of the moon in Greek mythology.
NASA has chosen her to personify its path back to the moon, which will see astronauts return to the lunar surface by 2025 - including the first woman and the next man.
Artemis 1, formerly Exploration Mission-1, is the first in a series of increasingly complex missions that will enable human exploration to the moon and Mars.
Artemis 1 will be the first integrated flight test of NASA’s deep space exploration system: the Orion spacecraft, Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and the ground systems at Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida.
Artemis 1 will be an uncrewed flight that will provide a foundation for human deep space exploration, and demonstrate our commitment and capability to extend human existence to the moon and beyond.
During this flight, the spacecraft will launch on the most powerful rocket in the world and fly farther than any spacecraft built for humans has ever flown.
It will travel 280,000 miles (450,600 km) from Earth, thousands of miles beyond the moon over the course of about a three-week mission.
Artemis 1, formerly Exploration Mission-1, is the first in a series of increasingly complex missions that will enable human exploration to the moon and Mars. This graphic explains the various stages of the mission
Orion will stay in space longer than any ship for astronauts has done without docking to a space station and return home faster and hotter than ever before.
With this first exploration mission, NASA is leading the next steps of human exploration into deep space where astronauts will build and begin testing the systems near the moon needed for lunar surface missions and exploration to other destinations farther from Earth, including Mars.
The will take crew on a different trajectory and test Orion’s critical systems with humans aboard.
Together, Orion, SLS and the ground systems at Kennedy will be able to meet the most challenging crew and cargo mission needs in deep space.
Eventually NASA seeks to establish a sustainable human presence on the moon by 2028 as a result of the Artemis mission.
The space agency hopes this colony will uncover new scientific discoveries, demonstrate new technological advancements and lay the foundation for private companies to build a lunar economy.
Was the Betty and Barney Hill Incident a Top Secret Mind-Control Test? MK-Ultra?
Was the Betty and Barney Hill Incident a Top Secret Mind-Control Test? MK-Ultra?
Nick Redfern
Ready to see one of the most famous alleged alien abduction incidents questioned? It’s coming, anyway. It’s that of Betty and Barney Hill. They were a husband and wife who, on the night of September 19, 1961, and while driving home from Canada to New Hampshire after completing a fun vacation, had a significant number of hours erased from their minds. It all happened near Indian Head, New Hampshire. It was there they saw a strange light in the sky that appeared to be carefully shadowing them from above. Concern and anxiety set in, which is no surprise. Finally, they made it home. Something very strange and disturbing happened to the Hills, but such was the state of their minds, they weren’t sure what it was. But, they certainly wanted to know. In the days and weeks that followed, the Hills began to experience terrifying, never-jangling nightmares: there were memories of having been taken on-board a UFO, and of having been subjected to intrusive and stressful medical-based experiments. Betty recalled that the aliens inserted a needle into her navel. Sperm was removed from Barney, via what was termed as “a suction device.” The “alien abduction” phenomenon was up and running, and the issue of “missing time” was well and truly born. The fascination that the Hill’s experience generated – partly due to Betty and Barney’s decision to speak openly at UFO events – ultimately led to the publication in 1966 of The Interrupted Journey: Two Lost Hours “Aboard a Flying Saucer.” It was written by a respected journalist and author, John Fuller.
The story of Betty and Barney – and of their pet dog, Delsey, too, who was also in the car at the time of the incident - still provokes interest and intrigue to this very day. It is to alien abductions what Roswell is to tales of crashed UFOs: a key case in the history of Ufology. What if, however, aliens did not abduct Betty and Barney? What if – just like those who were present in Rendlesham Forest in 1980 – the pair were led to believe they had undergone something that had extraterrestrial origins, when things were actually much different? One of those who came to believe that the Hills had been subjected to an MK-ULTRA-type encounter was the late Philip Coppens. He said: “It is clear that the Hills were being monitored by USAF [U.S. Air Force] Intelligence before the encounter took place, through Major James MacDonald, who had befriended them some time earlier. Betty Hill wrote to [UFO researcher / author] Donald Keyhoe who, despite the fact that he received over a hundred letters a day, homed in on this initially unremarkable case. Within twenty-four hours, Keyhoe had arranged for the Hills to be visited by top-level scientists, including C.D. Jackson, who had previously (definitely not coincidentally) worked on psychological warfare techniques for President Eisenhower [italics mine]. Stretching coincidence far beyond breaking point, Jackson already knew Major MacDonald, with whom he next interviewed the Hills.”
(Nick Redfern) How to manipulate minds in the name of UFOs: drugs and hazmats
Philip continued on: “It seems that Betty and Barney Hill were at the center of a web that involved USAF Intelligence and top military experts in psychological warfare. The evidence suggests that the Hills were the subjects – victims – of a psychological experiment [italics mine].” Those who believe that the Betty and Barney Hill experience was a genuine alien abduction case might very well balk at the words of Coppens. That’s not a wise approach to take, though. You’ll soon come to see why. Sadly, Coppens was unable to continue his work on the case for long on this topic. In 2012, he was quickly taken by a very rare form of cancer at the age of just forty-one: Angiosarcoma. On average, it kills slightly less than two hundred people in the United States per year. Philip Coppens is gone, but the threads of his research have allowed us to take his investigations further into the associations between UFOs and mind-manipulation. In a roundabout way, the story of Betty and Barney Hill has a link to the events that occurred in Pont-Saint-Esprit on August 15, 1951. And also to MK-ULTRA. That’s a jaw-dropping claim for someone to make; it is, however, absolutely true. I noted that John Fuller, in 1966, wrote a full-length book on the experiences of Betty and Barney Hill: The Interrupted Journey. Philip Coppens concluded that those same experiences were linked to early mind-control programs of the U.S. government.
As for Fuller, he was an intriguing character. When he died in 1990, at the age of seventy-six, the New York Times ran an obituary on him. It was written by a Times journalist, Edwin McDowell, who stated that Fuller was occasionally "...criticized by reviewers for not using footnotes in his books and for what they judged was the implausibility of his topics. But as Jeff Greenfield wrote in The New York Times Book Review in reviewing ‘The Poison That Fell From the Sky,’ Mr. Fuller ‘keeps raising the most unsettling of questions.’ Moreover, even before passage of the Freedom of Information Act, he had a facility for somehow obtaining Government documents [italics mine], which he incorporated in some of his books.” The fact that Fuller had a strange knack for getting his hands on official papers prior to FOIA legislation was passed, suggests strongly that he moved in intriguing places and with equally intriguing people. Powerful people, too, no doubt. As for Fuller’s aforementioned 1977 book The Poison That Fell From the Sky, it told the story of a disastrous situation that occurred on July 10, 1976, in Seveso, Italy. When a local chemical plant malfunctioned, the approximately 17,000 townspeople were exposed to a highly dangerous dioxin: 2, 3, 7, 8 - etrachlorodibenzodioxin. Or, in much easier terms, TCDD. Other nearby towns were hit by the dioxin, too. Studies have shown that exposure to TCDD in and around Seveso caused damage to immune-systems and nervous-systems. Cardiovascular problems surfaced, as did liver issues. It was a catastrophe of huge proportions.
(Nick Redfern) The U.K.'s Porton Down facility: a connection to the story
So, we have large amounts of people, in a small, old European town, many of them severely injured as a result of the dangerous side-effects of science and technology. Does this sound familiar? It’s not at all dissimilar to what happened at Pont-Saint-Esprit in 1951. The only difference was this: in one town, people had their minds blown, and in the other they were severely physically affected. I must say, John Fuller seemed to have a strange thing for disasters in small towns. Not only did he write, in 1977, The Poison That Fell from the Sky; Fuller also wrote a book called The Day of St. Anthony's Fire. The latter just happens to be one of the most authoritative books on that nightmarish 1951 incident in France that we have already addressed: the crazed events at Point-Saint-Esprit. So, we have Fuller having written an alien abduction-themed in 1966 (The Interrupted Journey, as well as two other UFO-based books: Incident at Exeter and Aliens in the Skies) and another, in 1968, on how terrible hallucinogens can wreak havoc in peoples’ minds. Three decades later, Hank Albarelli would make a connection between MK-ULTRA and Pont-Saint-Esprit, as we’ve seen. It doesn’t end there. With regard to Fuller it’s just about beginning.
Back in 1957, Fuller had a decidedly clandestine meeting with a Dr. Karlis Osis, as Marie Jones and Larry Flaxman note in their 2015 book, Mind Wars. As now-declassified CIA files on Osis reveal, he was deep into a wide range of fringe sciences and technologies, including out-of-body experiences, how to alter brain wave frequencies, the means to affect “various biophysical changes,” and mind manipulation. It’s no wonder that Osis was also secretly consulted by the CIA’s MK-ULTRA teams. Days after their first meeting, Osis introduced Fuller to a CIA man named Robert Lashbrook. It turns out that Lashbrook was the very last person to see Dr. Frank Olson alive before he took that deadly, violent shove out of the Hotel Statler in Manhattan. Yes, the very same Dr. Olson who was tied to the Pont-Saint-Esprit debacle.After getting to know Fuller, Dr. Osis guardedly informed him on what was going down with the MK-ULTRA people – of the successes that had been achieved, but also of the disastrous accidents that had occurred with certain hallucinogens. Osis also made Fuller an unforeseen, amazing offer: how would he, Fuller, like to be the very first investigative journalist to break at least a part of the MK-ULTRA story to the Unites States’ media?
Clearly, Osis was recklessly playing both sides at the same time – the government and the media - for reasons that, today, are lost and not clear. As a writer, though, Fuller immediately recognized the dollar value of the story that, potentially, just might be tossed into his lap. At the time, the mid-to-late 1950s, Fuller chose not to publish anything that might have compromised the mind-control programs that both the CIA and the U.S. Army were heavily into at that time. Clearly, however, Fuller never lost the undeniable allure of all this. That is precisely why Fuller decided to write, in 1968, The Day of St. Anthony’s Fire: he was hooked on matters relative to the mysteries of the human mind. As we now know, the story that that particular book told was caused by an MK-ULTRA operation that went dangerously off the rails, leaving more than a few people in asylums and with their minds in total disarray.
(Nick Redfern) Alien abductions...that weren't what they seemed to be
Osis also made a way for Fuller to speak with one Andrija Puharich. He was an American of Yugoslavian extraction, someone who was deeply interested in the mysteries of the human mind, and who, in the 1950s, just happened to work at the Edgewood, Maryland-based U.S. Army Chemical Center. The Edgewood Arsenal being the location where a ball lightning-driven program secretly ran in the 1960s; where significant research of an unethical mind-based nature was undertaken on military personnel; and whose staff secretly liaised with scientists at Porton Down, England. From the mid-1950s, and up to at least the latter part of the 1960s, John Fuller was inextricably, and clandestinely, tied to some of the most significant players in MK-ULTRA – and in other, associated, mind-control projects too. And, Philip Coppens’ work put psychological warfare expert C.D. Jackson right in the heart of the Hill’s encounter on that dark and dangerous night home in September 1961.
John Fuller is long gone and not able to defend himself. I have to say, though, that it’s very hard to accept that Fuller – as an intelligent, investigative journalist and a skilled author – didn’t make even any of the connections between the Hill abduction and the U.S. government’s mind-control operations, And particularly so as a result of his very own links to the staff of MK-ULTRA. It’s even harder to accept that Fuller may have been secretly, and knowingly, brought into the fold by the CIA to kick-start the alien abduction phenomenon via the very first book on the subject: The Interrupted Journey. I have to confess, however, that when I put all of the pieces together – not forgetting Fuller’s uncanny knack of getting his hands on secret government documents - that’s sure how it looks to me.
If the strange and controversial scenario I have put together is indeed the real deal, then it demonstrates that just about anything can be made to look like something else. And, that includes an alien abduction of epic proportions. Of course, this provokes another question: how many alien abductions were created out of mind-control technology? One? Ten? Dozens? Hundreds? And all in the name of hiding the MK-Ultra programs under a UFO banner. It couldn't happen? It most assuredly could happen. The biggest issue, however, is the shock, and the fact, that such a program worked - and that the field of Ufology fell for it all. I could be wildly off, course. But, I don't think I am. I have a very deep feeling that Ufology has been duped to a huge degree. Now, it's time to dig deeper into the controversy of Betty, Barney, the MK-Ultra programs, and Delsey the ever-faithful, loving dog.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Was the Betty and Barney Hill Incident a Top Secret Mind-Control Test? MK-Ultra?
Was the Betty and Barney Hill Incident a Top Secret Mind-Control Test? MK-Ultra?
Nick Redfern
Ready to see one of the most famous alleged alien abduction incidents questioned? It’s coming, anyway. It’s that of Betty and Barney Hill. They were a husband and wife who, on the night of September 19, 1961, and while driving home from Canada to New Hampshire after completing a fun vacation, had a significant number of hours erased from their minds. It all happened near Indian Head, New Hampshire. It was there they saw a strange light in the sky that appeared to be carefully shadowing them from above. Concern and anxiety set in, which is no surprise. Finally, they made it home. Something very strange and disturbing happened to the Hills, but such was the state of their minds, they weren’t sure what it was. But, they certainly wanted to know. In the days and weeks that followed, the Hills began to experience terrifying, never-jangling nightmares: there were memories of having been taken on-board a UFO, and of having been subjected to intrusive and stressful medical-based experiments. Betty recalled that the aliens inserted a needle into her navel. Sperm was removed from Barney, via what was termed as “a suction device.” The “alien abduction” phenomenon was up and running, and the issue of “missing time” was well and truly born. The fascination that the Hill’s experience generated – partly due to Betty and Barney’s decision to speak openly at UFO events – ultimately led to the publication in 1966 of The Interrupted Journey: Two Lost Hours “Aboard a Flying Saucer.” It was written by a respected journalist and author, John Fuller.
The story of Betty and Barney – and of their pet dog, Delsey, too, who was also in the car at the time of the incident - still provokes interest and intrigue to this very day. It is to alien abductions what Roswell is to tales of crashed UFOs: a key case in the history of Ufology. What if, however, aliens did not abduct Betty and Barney? What if – just like those who were present in Rendlesham Forest in 1980 – the pair were led to believe they had undergone something that had extraterrestrial origins, when things were actually much different? One of those who came to believe that the Hills had been subjected to an MK-ULTRA-type encounter was the late Philip Coppens. He said: “It is clear that the Hills were being monitored by USAF [U.S. Air Force] Intelligence before the encounter took place, through Major James MacDonald, who had befriended them some time earlier. Betty Hill wrote to [UFO researcher / author] Donald Keyhoe who, despite the fact that he received over a hundred letters a day, homed in on this initially unremarkable case. Within twenty-four hours, Keyhoe had arranged for the Hills to be visited by top-level scientists, including C.D. Jackson, who had previously (definitely not coincidentally) worked on psychological warfare techniques for President Eisenhower [italics mine]. Stretching coincidence far beyond breaking point, Jackson already knew Major MacDonald, with whom he next interviewed the Hills.”
(Nick Redfern) How to manipulate minds in the name of UFOs: drugs and hazmats
Philip continued on: “It seems that Betty and Barney Hill were at the center of a web that involved USAF Intelligence and top military experts in psychological warfare. The evidence suggests that the Hills were the subjects – victims – of a psychological experiment [italics mine].” Those who believe that the Betty and Barney Hill experience was a genuine alien abduction case might very well balk at the words of Coppens. That’s not a wise approach to take, though. You’ll soon come to see why. Sadly, Coppens was unable to continue his work on the case for long on this topic. In 2012, he was quickly taken by a very rare form of cancer at the age of just forty-one: Angiosarcoma. On average, it kills slightly less than two hundred people in the United States per year. Philip Coppens is gone, but the threads of his research have allowed us to take his investigations further into the associations between UFOs and mind-manipulation. In a roundabout way, the story of Betty and Barney Hill has a link to the events that occurred in Pont-Saint-Esprit on August 15, 1951. And also to MK-ULTRA. That’s a jaw-dropping claim for someone to make; it is, however, absolutely true. I noted that John Fuller, in 1966, wrote a full-length book on the experiences of Betty and Barney Hill: The Interrupted Journey. Philip Coppens concluded that those same experiences were linked to early mind-control programs of the U.S. government.
As for Fuller, he was an intriguing character. When he died in 1990, at the age of seventy-six, the New York Times ran an obituary on him. It was written by a Times journalist, Edwin McDowell, who stated that Fuller was occasionally "...criticized by reviewers for not using footnotes in his books and for what they judged was the implausibility of his topics. But as Jeff Greenfield wrote in The New York Times Book Review in reviewing ‘The Poison That Fell From the Sky,’ Mr. Fuller ‘keeps raising the most unsettling of questions.’ Moreover, even before passage of the Freedom of Information Act, he had a facility for somehow obtaining Government documents [italics mine], which he incorporated in some of his books.” The fact that Fuller had a strange knack for getting his hands on official papers prior to FOIA legislation was passed, suggests strongly that he moved in intriguing places and with equally intriguing people. Powerful people, too, no doubt. As for Fuller’s aforementioned 1977 book The Poison That Fell From the Sky, it told the story of a disastrous situation that occurred on July 10, 1976, in Seveso, Italy. When a local chemical plant malfunctioned, the approximately 17,000 townspeople were exposed to a highly dangerous dioxin: 2, 3, 7, 8 - etrachlorodibenzodioxin. Or, in much easier terms, TCDD. Other nearby towns were hit by the dioxin, too. Studies have shown that exposure to TCDD in and around Seveso caused damage to immune-systems and nervous-systems. Cardiovascular problems surfaced, as did liver issues. It was a catastrophe of huge proportions.
(Nick Redfern) The U.K.'s Porton Down facility: a connection to the story
So, we have large amounts of people, in a small, old European town, many of them severely injured as a result of the dangerous side-effects of science and technology. Does this sound familiar? It’s not at all dissimilar to what happened at Pont-Saint-Esprit in 1951. The only difference was this: in one town, people had their minds blown, and in the other they were severely physically affected. I must say, John Fuller seemed to have a strange thing for disasters in small towns. Not only did he write, in 1977, The Poison That Fell from the Sky; Fuller also wrote a book called The Day of St. Anthony's Fire. The latter just happens to be one of the most authoritative books on that nightmarish 1951 incident in France that we have already addressed: the crazed events at Point-Saint-Esprit. So, we have Fuller having written an alien abduction-themed in 1966 (The Interrupted Journey, as well as two other UFO-based books: Incident at Exeter and Aliens in the Skies) and another, in 1968, on how terrible hallucinogens can wreak havoc in peoples’ minds. Three decades later, Hank Albarelli would make a connection between MK-ULTRA and Pont-Saint-Esprit, as we’ve seen. It doesn’t end there. With regard to Fuller it’s just about beginning.
Back in 1957, Fuller had a decidedly clandestine meeting with a Dr. Karlis Osis, as Marie Jones and Larry Flaxman note in their 2015 book, Mind Wars. As now-declassified CIA files on Osis reveal, he was deep into a wide range of fringe sciences and technologies, including out-of-body experiences, how to alter brain wave frequencies, the means to affect “various biophysical changes,” and mind manipulation. It’s no wonder that Osis was also secretly consulted by the CIA’s MK-ULTRA teams. Days after their first meeting, Osis introduced Fuller to a CIA man named Robert Lashbrook. It turns out that Lashbrook was the very last person to see Dr. Frank Olson alive before he took that deadly, violent shove out of the Hotel Statler in Manhattan. Yes, the very same Dr. Olson who was tied to the Pont-Saint-Esprit debacle.After getting to know Fuller, Dr. Osis guardedly informed him on what was going down with the MK-ULTRA people – of the successes that had been achieved, but also of the disastrous accidents that had occurred with certain hallucinogens. Osis also made Fuller an unforeseen, amazing offer: how would he, Fuller, like to be the very first investigative journalist to break at least a part of the MK-ULTRA story to the Unites States’ media?
Clearly, Osis was recklessly playing both sides at the same time – the government and the media - for reasons that, today, are lost and not clear. As a writer, though, Fuller immediately recognized the dollar value of the story that, potentially, just might be tossed into his lap. At the time, the mid-to-late 1950s, Fuller chose not to publish anything that might have compromised the mind-control programs that both the CIA and the U.S. Army were heavily into at that time. Clearly, however, Fuller never lost the undeniable allure of all this. That is precisely why Fuller decided to write, in 1968, The Day of St. Anthony’s Fire: he was hooked on matters relative to the mysteries of the human mind. As we now know, the story that that particular book told was caused by an MK-ULTRA operation that went dangerously off the rails, leaving more than a few people in asylums and with their minds in total disarray.
(Nick Redfern) Alien abductions...that weren't what they seemed to be
Osis also made a way for Fuller to speak with one Andrija Puharich. He was an American of Yugoslavian extraction, someone who was deeply interested in the mysteries of the human mind, and who, in the 1950s, just happened to work at the Edgewood, Maryland-based U.S. Army Chemical Center. The Edgewood Arsenal being the location where a ball lightning-driven program secretly ran in the 1960s; where significant research of an unethical mind-based nature was undertaken on military personnel; and whose staff secretly liaised with scientists at Porton Down, England. From the mid-1950s, and up to at least the latter part of the 1960s, John Fuller was inextricably, and clandestinely, tied to some of the most significant players in MK-ULTRA – and in other, associated, mind-control projects too. And, Philip Coppens’ work put psychological warfare expert C.D. Jackson right in the heart of the Hill’s encounter on that dark and dangerous night home in September 1961.
John Fuller is long gone and not able to defend himself. I have to say, though, that it’s very hard to accept that Fuller – as an intelligent, investigative journalist and a skilled author – didn’t make even any of the connections between the Hill abduction and the U.S. government’s mind-control operations, And particularly so as a result of his very own links to the staff of MK-ULTRA. It’s even harder to accept that Fuller may have been secretly, and knowingly, brought into the fold by the CIA to kick-start the alien abduction phenomenon via the very first book on the subject: The Interrupted Journey. I have to confess, however, that when I put all of the pieces together – not forgetting Fuller’s uncanny knack of getting his hands on secret government documents - that’s sure how it looks to me.
If the strange and controversial scenario I have put together is indeed the real deal, then it demonstrates that just about anything can be made to look like something else. And, that includes an alien abduction of epic proportions. Of course, this provokes another question: how many alien abductions were created out of mind-control technology? One? Ten? Dozens? Hundreds? And all in the name of hiding the MK-Ultra programs under a UFO banner. It couldn't happen? It most assuredly could happen. The biggest issue, however, is the shock, and the fact, that such a program worked - and that the field of Ufology fell for it all. I could be wildly off, course. But, I don't think I am. I have a very deep feeling that Ufology has been duped to a huge degree. Now, it's time to dig deeper into the controversy of Betty, Barney, the MK-Ultra programs, and Delsey the ever-faithful, loving dog.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Hiker captures 'ghostly figure' walking alongside him in Lake District, UK
Hiker captures 'ghostly figure' walking alongside him in Lake District, UK
A man captured the moment he spotted a "ghostly figure" walking alongside him in the Lake District. Chris Randall, 45, was hiking when he spotted a Brocken spectre - a large shadow of an observer cast onto cloud or mist - out of the corner of his eye. Chris was camping alone on Red Pike near Wasdale Head in Cumbria when he saw the "ghostly" phenomenon.
A Brocken spectre also called Brocken bow or mountain spectre, is the magnified (and apparently enormous) shadow of an observer cast upon clouds or mist opposite the Sun's direction.
The figure's head is often surrounded by the halo-like rings of coloured light forming a glory, which appears opposite the Sun's direction when uniformly-sized water droplets in clouds or mist refract and backscatter sunlight.
The phenomenon can appear on any misty mountainside or cloud bank, even when seen from an airplane, but the frequent fogs and low-altitude accessibility of the Brocken, a peak in the Harz Mountains in Germany, have created a local legend from which the phenomenon draws its name.
The Brocken spectre was observed and described by Johann Silberschlag in 1780, and has since been recorded often in literature about the region.
Here are two more videos of this eerie 'Brocken spectre' phenomenon.
David Adair on Secret SPACE TECHNOLOGY, Moon Anomalies, and ALIEN Engine at AREA 51
David Adair on Secret SPACE TECHNOLOGY, Moon Anomalies, and ALIEN Engine at AREA 51
“Best Of” David Adair’s Secret Space Fairing Technology, Moon Anomalies, and Alien Engine at AREA 51 – Coast to Coast AM Archived Shows.
Adair is an expert on space technology spin-off applications for both commercial and industrial use. At the age of 11, he built hundreds of rockets, which he tested and flew. At 17, he received the highest award in the field of engineering sciences from the US Air Force. At 19, he developed a revolutionary mechanical system that helped the US Navy speed up the turnaround time of jet turbine engines.
He is a world-renowned presenter and workshop leader. His presentations are filled with anecdotes about his experiences with the space program and Area 51. He also discusses his involvement in various commercial technology developments.
The world is big. Even in this modern day and age, we still don’t have a clue about what lurks in the remote corners of this planet. The oceans, vast and enigmatic, have only been partially explored - and what lurks in those blue depths is full of mystery. Could the same be said for land? Could we still be surprised to discover unique fauna species that we thought were long gone? The so-called Sivatherium is a likely candidate, and the possibility of its survival has scholars scratching their heads in confusion. This mystery began with the discovery of a unique copper rein ring in the remnants of ancient Kish in modern-day Iraq. The animal depicted on this object is uncannily similar to the Sivatherium. Could it be that ancient civilizations lived alongside this living relic of primordial times?
What is the Sivatherium of Kish, and Where’s the Mystery?
A Sivatherium is an extinct genus of primordial giraffids that once roamed the Indian subcontinent and throughout Africa. It was a robust, powerful animal, and one of the largest ruminants of all time. However, scholars agree that it has been extinct for a very long time. The species came to be around 7 million years ago in the Late Miocene, and was most likely gone by the Early Pleistocene, roughly 1 million years ago.
And that’s where the conundrum begins.
Digitally restored skeleton of Sivatherium giganteum from the Siwalik hills, India . ( Basu et al/CC BY 4.0 )
How could an animal of such ancient times slip through time and live on until the dawn of civilization? It sounds truly unimaginable, but evidence has appeared that tells us otherwise. Some of the earliest indications of this were found on ancient rock paintings in the Sahara and Central West India. These crude paintings show an animal much akin to a Sivatherium, suggesting that the animal actually went extinct as recently as 8,000 years ago!
But the main surprise came about during archaeological excavations of ancient Kish, a Sumerian city-state situated in the ancient cradle of civilization, Mesopotamia. A chance discovery offered tantalizing evidence that the Sivathere possibly survived to more recent times, particularly to the dawn of Mesopotamian civilizations and the first inventions of the wheel and the writing systems. The object in question was discovered during a joint archaeological expedition between the Field Museum and Oxford University in mid-1920’s: an elaborate copper rein ring created to fit onto the tongue of a chariot. This item was discovered in a deeper level and was dated to roughly 3,500 BC and lay alongside the remnants of a chariot and the skeletal remains of a horse.
A Masterful Rendition of an Elusive Ruminant Beast
Granted, copper rein rings were discovered several times before that, and were not a novelty to archaeologists. In fact, they were commonplace, especially the ones dated to that era. However, one thing made this find stand out: and that was the animal depicted on the ring.
Usually, rein rings from Mesopotamia depicted draft animals that we all know, chiefly horses and the like. But the one found at Kish showed an antlered ruminant that was totally unique - and oddly similar to a Sivathere! At first, researchers thought that the animal represented a stag, likely a Persian fallow deer (Dama mesopotamica) , considering the similarity of the horns. Early researchers thought that the Sumerians tamed deer as well, using them to pull chariots, as written in the following statement:
“Copper rein rings were known from Kish heretofore, but the previous ones were surmounted by the figure of a species of Equidae or simply by metal loops for the reins. In this case the figure was an unsuspected member of the Cervidae, and a long and heavy rope from the animal's muzzle indicates that stags must have been captured alive and tamed by the early Sumerians.”
But following deeper examination, it became clear that what was discovered at Kish was no animal known today. The artist’s hands carefully recreated a unique animal - down to the smallest details. And what can be seen is awfully like a Sivatherium of old, which can be thoroughly reconstructed from fossil remains.
Chiefly, the proportions are totally different from that of a stag, especially in the representation of the body. The animal on the rein ring is clearly a ruminant and a giraffid, and not a stag. Of course, the most important telltale clue are the horns. Sivatheriums had unique double antlers with two smaller horns right above the eyes. The exact same has been reproduced in copper form here.
Ancient Sumerian copper (alloy) rein rings from Kish. (Field Museum of Natural History/ CC BY-NC 4.0 )
A Prehistoric Being Surviving Through Millenia
Could it be that a Sivatherium survived until 3,500 BC? Judging by the attention to detail, anatomical proportions, and the accuracy of the sculpted head, the metalsmith of Kish who created this fascinating and exquisite piece was not creating some imaginary fantastical beast. In fact, everything points to the fact that the artist saw the animal firsthand - and several times - thus knowing very well what to sculpt. If this curious object is solid proof that the Sivatherium existed in ancient Sumer, then the modern narrative on the creature is thoroughly wrong. If this is the case, then it could be likely that a certain population of Sivathere survived in the region of ancient Mesopotamia and was known to the Sumerians.
However, when one looks at the area of Iraq today, one has to wonder how would a giraffid of old survive here? Today, the region is arid, sandy, hot, and dusty, without much vegetation whatsoever. The remnants of ancient city-states like Kish, Nippur, Lagash, Uruk, Ur, Eridu, and others, are now covered with nothing but sand. But five thousand years ago, the region was wholly different.
Kish was situated at the eastern edge of the vast region of Mesopotamia, also a part of the region called the Fertile Crescent. This was a vast arc of land watered by the powerful waters of the Tigris and Euphrates (and the Nile to the west), and one of the earliest cradles of civilization. Five millennia ago, rainfall was much higher in the region, and nothing was as arid as it is today. There was more greenery and vegetation, and an abundance of crops and food. It is no wonder that it was there that ancient hunter gatherer nomads first turned to a sedentary lifestyle, changing history as they did so.
Thus, the valleys of Mesopotamia were once verdant and fertile, and could have been the home to isolated populations of Sivatherium. Undoubtedly, by 4,000 - 3,500 BC, such an animal would have been rare. You can imagine how awesome it would have seemed for the people of Sumer.
If it did actually exist at that time, then it would surely be considered a mythical beast, or an elusive draft animal reserved only for the most powerful of rulers. Adding to this theory is another unique detail of the copper Sivatherium rein ring. And that is an alleged rope attached to the animal’s snout. Could it be that the Sumerians managed to capture and tame a certain number of Sivatherium beasts? Were these powerful and very strong ruminants used as draft animals, or for pulling war chariots ?
A Deer or a Sivatherium? The Discussion is Ongoing
In 1977, some 50 years after the “Sivatherium of Kish” was discovered, a German archaeologist and researcher, Michael Müller-Karpe, accidentally discovered some additional elements of the copper rein ring. While visiting, he discovered the broken-off tips of the horns that were thought lost. He found them in "a small box of dried mud in a Field Museum storeroom". These were recognized to be the missing tops of the Sivatherium horns, and they fit perfectly.
However, many immediately argued that the being is, in fact, a fallow deer . This led to a string of discussions, and the scientific and archaeological world is still somewhat divided on the subject. However, evidence for this being a Sivatherium is in abundance. In his 1936 work on the topic of the rein ring, Edwin Colbert presented 7 valid points in defense of the “Sivatherium theory”. He lists them as follows (direct quote):
Sivatherium was a very large animal having body proportions similar to those of a large ox; that is, the limbs and the neck were not elongated as in the modern African giraffe. The figurine represents an animal with a normal ruminant body.
In Sivatherium the skull carried two sets of horn cores, a relatively small conical pair directly over the eyes and a large palmate pair at the back of the skull. This same arrangement of “horns” or “antlers” is shown by the figurine from Kish.
The small conical horn cores of Sivatherium are of frontal origin, and such would seem to be the case in the figurine.
The large, palmate horn cores of Sivatherium are of parietal origin, that is they are located on the occiput. In the figurine the palmate “horn cores” or “antlers” would certainly seem to be located on the back of the skull, as in Sivatherium, rather than on the frontals as is the rule in the Cervidae.
The posterior horn cores of Sivatherium are typified by inwardly projecting points at their bases, and the same features are shown in the figurine.
In the posterior horn cores of Sivatherium the bases are transversely broadened, and somewhat flattened on their anterior and posterior surfaces, giving them elliptical cross sections. A similar condition would seem to be shown in the posterior antlers of the Kish figurine.
In the statuette from Kish it would appear as if the nose is swollen and somewhat dependent, as might have been the case in Sivatherium, a genus characterized in part by its abbreviated nasal bones. On the other hand, it may be possible that the peculiar appearance of the nasal region in the statuette can be explained as the representation of a halter on the muzzle of the animal.
Alas, even today the question is open to discussion and examination. Some consider the Sivatherium theory a fringe, kooky, belief. But when faced with other similar discoveries, they quickly realize that the possibility is totally real.
One such find was made in the Algerian Sahara. Here, the Tassili n’Ajjer rock paintings were discovered, presenting many ancient animals. One of these was a peculiar and out-of-place giraffid, which seems to be a Sivatherium. Other discoveries include an ancient Hittite cylinder seal, also depicting a strange horned animal similar to a Sivatherium. Some 8,000-year-old petroglyphs in the Sahara also depict a similar being, and the list just goes on. Is this the evidence we need?
An Enigma That We Might Never Solve
Nevertheless, the question still remains a mystery. If there is a logical explanation behind the Sivatherium of Kish, the scientific world has yet to find it. And just like the enigmatic paintings of pygmy elephants from an ancient Egyptian tomb, the Sivatherium seems out-of-place and out-of-time, giving researchers a proper headache.
Left: Detailed view of the rein ring figurine found at Kish. Right: Reconstruction of the head of a Silvatherium giganteum. (Drawn by Margaret Matthew Colbert.) ( Edwin H. Colbert )
In the end, we may never know the truth. After all, it could be simply a poor Sumerian rendition of a fallow deer. But then again, it could be an accurate rendition of a tamed Sivatherium. Either way, the question remains open to all. Just remember that the world can be full of wonders and surprises. We still don’t know for sure what beings lurk in the unexplored depths of the Amazon jungle, and other inhospitable, untouched places of this world. After all, one has to believe.
Piper, R. 2009. Dead as a Dodo. Scrubmuncher’s Blog.
Piper, R. 2009. Extinct Animals: An Encyclopedia of Species that Have Disappeared during Human History: An Encyclopedia of Species that Have Disappeared during Human History. ABC-CLIO.
The New Discovery in Egypt That Scares Scientists!
You think the era of the ancient Egyptians is over? Don’t be so quick to assume! Countless artifacts still lie dormant in the hot desert sand, waiting to give us a vivid glimpse into the past! From stunning statues to demonic drawings to long-lost metropolises, here are several Egyptian discoveries that will leave us baffled!
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NASA's Terrifying Plan to Colonize Mars Finally Revealed!
Over the last century, everything we’ve learned about Mars suggests that the planet was once quite capable of hosting ecosystems—and that it might still be an incubator for microbial life today.
Mars is the fourth rock from the sun, just after Earth. It is just a smidge more than half of Earth’s size, with gravity only 38 percent that of Earth’s. It takes longer than Earth to complete a full orbit around the sun—but it rotates around its axis at roughly the same speed. That’s why one year on Mars lasts for 687 Earth days, while a day on Mars is just 40 minutes longer than on Earth.
Despite its smaller size, the planet’s land area is also roughly equivalent to the surface area of Earth’s continents—meaning that, at least in theory, Mars has the same amount of habitable real estate. Unfortunately, the planet is now wrapped in a thin carbon dioxide atmosphere and cannot support earthly life-forms. Methane gas also periodically appears in the atmosphere of this desiccated world, and the soil contains compounds that would be toxic to life as we know it. Although water does exist on Mars, it’s locked into the planet’s icy polar caps and buried, perhaps in abundance, beneath the Martian surface.
See Chinese spacewalkers work outside Tiangong space station in these highlights
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What Did A Soviet Probe Find On Venus? First Real Images Of Venus
Venus... It is considered to be the evil twin of the Earth. Rains of sulfuric acid, carbon dioxide-filled air, hellish temperatures... But this world has always interested us. And the Soviet Union decided to do the seemingly impossible - land a probe on its surface.
Scientists didn’t give up, and collected unique scientific data and received images directly from the surface of the planet.
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Elon Musk: "SpaceX Keep Detecting Something Massive During Their Missions!!!"
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Secret 10-Year Mission to an Alien Planet 40 Light Years Away | Project Serpo
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What if you were offered the opportunity to visit another planet?
You get to experience the culture of an alien race, explore a new world; see and use technology that's 5,000 years ahead of ours.
Would you do it?
Before you answer, there are a few catches. You'll be gone for at least ten years. And when you return to Earth, all evidence of your existence will be erased. You have to start a new life, with a new identity; forbidden to tell anyone about what you experienced.
Now would you do it?
In 1965, 12 astronauts were sent to an alien planet as part of a human-alien exchange program. 13 years later the astronauts returned home.
Well, most of them did.
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Meteorite that fell on Britain has clues to how life formed on Earth, experts say By Daily Mail Reporter
Meteorite that fell on Britain has clues to how life formed on Earth, experts say
By Daily Mail Reporter
An analysis of the space rock has revealed it contains 11% water and 2% carbon
Experts say finding show asteroids played key role in kickstarting oceans and life
The meteorite said to give ‘insight into how the Earth came to have water'
A meteorite that fell in the UK last year holds key information about how oceans – and life – formed on Earth, scientists have said.
An analysis of the space rock, which fell on to Winchcombe, Gloucestershire, has revealed it contains 11 per cent water and 2 per cent carbon.
The experts said their findings, published in Science Advances, show that asteroids played a key role in ‘delivering the ingredients needed to kickstart oceans and life’.
Dr Luke Daly, of the University ofGlasgow, said they give ‘insight into how the Earth came to have water – the source of so much life’.
Extra-terrestrial water has been found for the first time in a meteorite that has fallen in the UK. The Winchcombe meteorite crashed into a driveway in the Gloucestershire town last year
He said: 'One of the biggest questions asked of the scientific community is how did we get here?
'This analysis on the Winchcombe meteorite gives insight into how the Earth came to have water - the source of so much life.
'Researchers will continue to work on this specimen for years to come, unlocking more secrets into the origins of our solar system.'
The Winchcombe meteorite belongs to a rare class of rocks known as carbonaceous chondrites.
Carbonaceous chondrites comprise about 3 per cent of all meteorites collected on Earth and are thought to contain unaltered chemicals from the formation of the solar system more than four billion years ago.
Dr Ashley King, of the Natural History Museum and author on the paper, said the analysis offers scientists 'a tantalising glimpse back through time to the original composition of the solar system 4.6 billion years ago'.
Analysis of the meteorite sample revealed extraterrestrial water that is, what the researchers say, “is locked-up in minerals that formed during chemical reactions between fluids and rocks on its parent asteroid in the earliest stages of the solar system”.
Chemical analysis revealed this water to closely resemble the composition of water on Earth.
The samples were also found to contain amino acids - molecules that are one of the essential components for the origin of life.
The researchers said rapid recovery of the meteorite allowed experts to analyse its composition while in pristine state.
Dr Natasha Almeida, curator of meteorites at the Natural History Museum and a co-author of the paper, said: 'We’re still reeling from our good fortune to have such an important meteorite fall in the UK, and are so grateful to the local community for their donations and the UK’s cosmochemistry network for coming together to produce this extensive study.
'The combination of such a quick recovery, careful collection, and our ongoing curation of Winchcombe in a nitrogen atmosphere means this incredibly fresh specimen will remain one of the most pristine meteorites in collections worldwide.'
Meteoriet die op Engelse oprijlaan terechtkwam, bevat aanwijzingen hoe water (en dus leven) op aarde is ontstaan
Een meteoriet die afgelopen jaar op een oprijlaan in de Engelse Cotswolds neerstortte, zou wel eens belangrijke aanwijzingen kunnen bevatten over het leven op aarde en hoe dat is ontstaan. Meer specifiek gaat het om de vloeistof die werd teruggevonden in de meteoriet. De samenstelling ervan lijkt immers op het water op aarde, zo staat te lezen in een analyse in het vaktijdschrift ‘Science Advances’.
De meteoriet, die later omgedoopt zou worden tot de Winchcombe-meteoriet, landde in februari 2021 op een oprijlaan in Gloucestershire. Enkele uren daarvoor had de meteoriet de hemel boven het Verenigd Koninkrijk nog verlicht, een prettige afleiding tijdens de zoveelste lockdown. Eenmaal neergekomen, bleek het stuk ruimtesteen maar liefst 4,6 miljard jaar oud en afkomstig te zijn van de planetoïdengordel tussen Jupiter en Mars.
Nog belangrijker, de meteoriet bleek een van de “meest ongerepte” ooit te zijn. De Winchcombe-meteoriet werd reeds enkele uren na de landing verzameld, nog voor er regen was gevallen. Ook de analyse liet niet lang op zich wachten, waardoor onderzoekers de unieke kans kregen om een blik te werpen in het (verre) verleden.
Water en leven op aarde
En zo geeft de meteoriet in de Cotswolds ons een nieuwe aanwijzing hoe water op aarde is terechtgekomen en leven is kunnen ontstaan. Daar is immers nog wat onduidelijkheid over. Sommige theorieën opperen dat kometen en asteroïden een grote rol hebben gespeeld wat betreft de ontstaansgeschiedenis van water. En de Winchcombe-meteoriet lijkt dat grotendeels te bevestigen.
“De samenstelling van het water op andere asteroïden komt niet echt overeen met het water in onze oceanen, maar de samenstelling van het water van de Winchcombe-meteoriet komt wel (beter) overeen”, aldus Ashley King van het Natural History Museum. “Dat zou kunnen betekenen dat asteroïden wellicht de belangrijkste bron van water op aarde zijn geweest.”
Twee op de drie ervaart déjà vu: wetenschapsexpert legt uit wat dit gevoel veroorzaakt
In de nieuwe tv-reeks ‘Déjà Vu’, vanaf vanavond te zien op Play4, reizen de personages letterlijk door de tijd. De kans is groot dat jij ook al eens overvallen werd door het gevoel dat je iets al eens hebt meegemaakt, terwijl je weet dat dit onmogelijk is. Net als de Vlaamse fictiereeks draagt dit fenomeen de naam ‘déjà vu’ en wetenschappers breken er al sinds de 19de eeuw hun hoofd over. HLN-wetenschapsexpert Martijn Peters legt uit wat we er inmiddels over weten.
Martijn Peters
We hebben er allemaal wel eens over gehoord of het zelfs al meegemaakt… een déjà vu. Het moment waarop het gevoel je overvalt dat je - wat je op dat moment meemaakt - al eens meegemaakt hebt. En dat terwijl je heel goed beseft dat dit eigenlijk helemaal niet mogelijk is. Er is als het ware een kortsluiting in jouw hersenen aan de gang, een strijd tussen een objectieve observatie van onbekendheid en subjectief gevoel van bekendheid. Normaal komt een gevoel van vertrouwdheid bijna altijd overeen met de objectieve realiteit. Bijvoorbeeld wanneer je jouw huis binnenwandelt. Als dit niet het geval is, dan valt dit natuurlijk extra hard op.
Ongeveer twee derde van de bevolking maakt een déjà vu mee in zijn leven. Sommigen zelfs meerdere keren. Meestal is de trigger voor zo’n ervaring een bezoek aan een bepaalde plaats. Daarom lijkt het vaker voor te komen bij mensen die regelmatig reizen. Daarnaast lokt ook een gesprek vaak een déjà vu uit. Hoe ouder je bent, hoe lager de kans is dat je het (nog) ervaart. Je geslacht lijkt dan weer geen invloed te hebben, of je moe en gestresst bent dan weer wel.
Een mogelijke verklaring voor déjà vu is dat herinneringen onbewust onze beleving zouden kunnen beïnvloeden.
Martijn Peters
Herinneringen uit een vorig leven of onze hersenen die ons parten spelen?
Maar is er ook een wetenschappelijke uitleg voor dat déjà-vugevoel? Want vaak kom je verklaringen tegen met een paranormaal tintje. Bijvoorbeeld dat het gevoel verbonden zou zijn met een vorig leven of paranormale gaven. Helaas is er vanuit de wetenschap nog geen eenduidig antwoord op die vraag. Maar dat betekent niet dat de wetenschap heeft stilgezeten, want er zijn wel heel wat hypotheses. Je kan ze in vier categorieën onderverdelen: duale verwerking, neurologisch, geheugen en aandacht.
Bij duale verwerking vertrekt men van de veronderstelling dat er een storing is in de normale werking van twee processen in de hersenen die met elkaar betrokken zijn. Bijvoorbeeld dat ze niet meer synchroon verlopen of dat er één van de twee gewoon niet geactiveerd wordt. Bij de neurologische categorie opperen wetenschappers dat er een neurologisch probleem aan de basis ligt, zoals veranderingen in de snelheid van signalen in onze hersenen.
De derde categorie vermoedt dat ons geheugen ons in de maling neemt. Zo zouden herinneringen onbewust onze beleving kunnen beïnvloeden. Tot slot is er nog de categorie die een verband ziet tussen de déjà vu en onze aandachtigheid of het gebrek daaraan. Zo zou je iets onbewust waarnemen doordat je afgeleid bent om het daarna opnieuw bewust waar te nemen wanneer je wel aandachtig bent. Hierdoor krijg je dat vertrouwd gevoel zonder te beseffen dat je het een fractie van een seconde geleden al beleefd hebt.
Tot nu toe blijft de wetenschap ons een antwoord schuldig. Misschien is dat in één van die categorieën te vinden, misschien ook in alle vier. De wetenschappers zoeken geestdriftig verder en ondertussen kunnen wij ons blijven laten verwonderen door een déjà vu.
Déjà Vu’ is vanaf donderdag 17 november om 21 uur te zien op Play4.
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JAXA’s Ambitious Mission to Phobos Will Even Have German-Built Rover
JAXA’s Ambitious Mission to Phobos Will Even Have German-Built Rover
Japan and Germany have a history of collaboration in scientific and technological endeavours. The countries have a Joint Committee on Cooperation in Science Technology that has met many times over the decades. Both countries have advanced, powerful economies and sophisticated technological know-how, so it makes sense they’d collaborate on scientific activities.
This time, their cooperation concerns a small, potato-shaped chunk of rock: Mars’ moon Phobos.
In 2024, the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) plans to launch the Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission to Phobos and Deimos. Deimos will get the fly-by treatment, but JAXA has more ambitious ideas for Phobos. They intend to land a spacecraft on Phobos—maybe twice—and collect samples for return to Earth. (JAXA has a track record of gathering samples from elsewhere, so don’t bet against them.)
The German Aerospace Center (DLR) will send a rover on the mission. The rover is called the MMX Rover, a small 25 kg (55 lb) wheeled vehicle that will be “dropped” on the surface of Phobos from a height of about 50 meters.
This image shows the MMX rover being delivered to the DLR site in Bremen, where engineers will complete its assembly. Image Credit: DLR.
“With the MMX rover, we are breaking new ground in terms of technology because never before has an exploration vehicle with wheels travelled on a small celestial body with only one-thousandth of the Earth’s gravitational pull,” said Dr. Markus Grebenstein from the DLR Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics in Oberpfaffenhofen.
Getting the rover onto Phobos’ surface is not an ordinary landing procedure. The little vehicle will be dropped onto the moon and tumble as it falls. When it reaches the surface, it’ll need to right itself and get to work.
“As the rover free-falls onto Phobos following separation from the spacecraft, it will perform several ‘somersaults’ upon touchdown without damage and come to rest in an unpredictable position. From this situation, it must autonomously upright itself with the help of the propulsion system and unfold its solar panels,” said Grebenstein, DLR’s project manager for the MMX rover. “Finally, it will travel very carefully at only a few millimetres per second in order to retain contact with the ground with its special wheels despite the low gravity.”
Once there, it’ll use its instruments: a radiometer and a Raman spectrometer for in-situ measurements of the moon’s surface. Why those two?
The Raman spectrometer RAX (Raman spectroscopy for MMX. ) It’ll determine Phobos mineralogical composition. Image Credit: DLR (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)
It’s because of the questions around Phobos and its sibling, Deimos. Scientists aren’t sure if they’re captured asteroids from the main belt or elsewhere in the Solar System—possibly from as far away as the Kuiper Belt—or if they’re rubble pile asteroids that formed at Mars. Some evidence shows that they’re being torn apart by Mars’ gravity. They may even have been destroyed once already and reformed again, or they may be the result of an impact that sent Martian material into orbit, where it coalesced.
The Raman spectrometer will reveal Phobos’ mineralogical composition. Mineralogical composition is critical to understanding Phobos’ origins. Like any Solar System body, its composition tells scientists where it’s from. For instance, some elements are far more common in the inner Solar System, while others only form beyond the frost line.
The rover’s radiometer will measure the power of the moon’s electromagnetic radiation. It’ll be tuned to the infrared spectrum and effectively measure Phobos’ temperature. That helps lead to an understanding of the moon’s porosity, which scientists can compare to other Solar System bodies. Scientists can use that data to help understand the moon’s origins.
The radiometer will measure the strength of the infrared radiation coming from Phobos. That, in turn, tells scientists something about the moon’s porosity, and by comparing it to asteroids and comets, they can start to understand its origins. Image Credit: DLR (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)
The rover will also have four cameras: two are for navigation, and two will monitor the wheels on the ground.
The mission’s crowning achievement will be the sample return. JAXA intends to outdo its impressive sampling achievement from the Hayabusa 2 mission. That mission returned samples of asteroid Ryugu that are carbon-rich fragments. They’ll help determine the source of water and organic molecules delivered to Earth.
With MMX, JAXA hopes to collect a much larger sample than the Ryugu sample, up to 100 times larger. Because of conditions on Phobos, the mission only has 90 minutes to collect samples before darkness returns, and the spacecraft needs to leave the surface. If all goes well, the sample will be back on Earth in 2029.
Those restraints won’t affect the rover. It’ll take its measurements and then die on Phobos, but first, it’ll contribute to the sampling operation. The MMX Rover will reach the surface first and help determine the landing spot for the Exploration Module. Data and images from the rover will also serve as a reference for the orbiter’s instruments.
There are layers of international cooperation on this mission. The MMX mission is Japan’s project, and the DLR will supply the rover. But Spain is helping develop the Raman spectrometer, and the French space agency is involved in the project, too.
So when the mission hopefully lands on Phobos and succeeds in collecting samples, there’ll be teams of jubilant scientists and engineers in several countries.
Happy JAXA personnel showed their “V” for victory signs after Hayabusa 2 successfully collected samples from asteroid Ryugu. Image Credit: JAXA
Big glowing UFO flying over Gainesville, Georgia YESTERDAY
Big glowing UFO flying over Gainesville, Georgia YESTERDAY
This bright unidentified flying object was seen and recorded in the night sky above the city of Gainesville, the county seat of Hall County, Georgia. This happened yesterday (on 16th November 2022).
Witness report:
As I was recording video in the direction of SW, I first observed one object for a few seconds then all the sudden I observed a closer object that was very bright and glowing in a oval shape heading from southwest to a northeastern direction. As I continued to record the object stayed in a straight direction and I finally observed the object just fade out and disappear.
UFO traveling at 72,000mph and sucking water from Michigan lakes revealed
UFO traveling at 72,000mph and sucking water from Michigan lakes revealed
More than 300 people witnessed a horrific UFO sighting in Michigan on March 8, 1994. Credit: Netflix
More people reportedly saw a UFO in Michigan on March 8, 1994. According to reports, more than 300 people witnessed the incident.
In a recent Unsolved Mysteries episode, a chilling new detail about the incident was revealed. Hundreds of calls were made to the emergency services due to the incident.
Over 300 individuals reportedly saw objects flying in the sky that were capable of screaming at speeds of over 72,000 mph. Two of them said they watched in horror as the UFO sucked out fresh water using a technological feat.
Although the stories about the incident vary from one person to another, the similarities between the descriptions of the objects and the individuals who witnessed it are still apparent.
Reports stated that several objects, including lights, were spotted from various areas near the Great Lake. Reports also stated that the objects moved in a circular path.
Meteorologist Jack Bushong was working that night at the National Weather Service’s facility in the county airport in Michigan. While he was monitoring the incident, he confirmed that the reports about the UFOs were legitimate.
According to a radio operator, the objects were not airplanes. They were described as being as big as a half-inch thumbnail. They were moving at speeds of up to 12,000 feet. Three of them were heading toward Chicago.
Officer Jeff Velthouse of the Holland Police Department said that he saw multiple objects flying in the sky. He described them as white, green, and red.
Some people claimed that the objects looked like Christmas lights as they flew through the sky. Some campers also said they saw a UFO sucking freshwater using a strange mechanism.
According to Torres, the area around Lake Michigan is regarded as a potential UFO hotspot. The Great Lakes are the largest freshwater sources in North America.
After learning about the incident, Bushong met with Michael Swords, an ufologist, to try and solve the mystery behind the objects. The two worked together to create a map gallery that depicted the movement of the UFOs.
Map of the sightings. Credit: Netflix
Despite the number of sightings, the exact nature of the UFOs is still unclear. According to a report by the Chicago Tribune in 1995, officials ruled out various objects such as gas balloons, military aircraft, and small planes.
According to Torres, he and Bushong are working together to try and solve the mystery of the incident. He said that they hope that the public will help them by watching the documentary, which will feature interviews with the ufologist and the people who witnessed the incident. He believes that if the objects were carrying alien life forms, they would have visited Earth to study human life.
During one of the tests, Nikola Tesla said that he was strange receiving radio signals coming from space. Tesla believed that someone was attempting to communicate with us through numbers since they’re a universal language. In later years, Tesla recounted his experience stating that a strange feeling was growing on him that he was the first to have been contacted by the extra-terrestrials.
NOTE PETER2011:
Black Knight satellite conspiracy theory
There is something I don't understand. This black, thirteen thousand old satellite has been orbiting our Earth for centuries. No space travel nation has dared to visit this unknown spacecraft. Either they know who this ancient satellite belongs to and have been in contact with its creators for years, or they are afraid and it is a satellite that has to keep an eye on us . Are we prisoners on our own planet and only allowed to take space steps with their approval? I think it's worth a moment to think why all the world nations leave that satellite untouched..
Astronomers Have Just Seen the Most Distant Galaxy Ever Seen, but There’s a Problem!
The distances that prevail in the gigantic expanses of space often exceed our imagination. Sometimes some structures of the cosmos are so far away from us that even the light needs billions of years before it reaches our terrestrial field of view. Recently, experts were able to detect one of the most distant, and therefore oldest, galaxies in existence, though this spectacular discovery is still accompanied by some big questions. Why this is so, and what we have found out so far about this remote collection of stars, we reveal to you in today's video!
See Artemis 1's Orion spacecraft and Earth in stunning view from space
NASA's Orion spacecraft has captured imagery of Earth and itself during its trip to the moon on Nov. 16, 2022.
The red planet has been the object of scientist's fascination for a while now. In the past few years dozens of crewless spacecrafts including orbiters and rovers have been sent to Mars by the Soviet Union, United States, Europe, India, UAE and China in order to study the surface, climate and geology of the red planet. These missions have revealed a lot of strange and exciting secrets about Mars and have revolutionized the fields of astronomy and planetary science. Here are twenty most insane things NASA has found on Mars so far...
NASA shoots for the moon! $4 billion Artemis rocket that was feared 'doomed' after months of delays finally launches on a 25-day mission around the moon
NASA shoots for the moon! $4 billion Artemis rocket that was feared 'doomed' after months of delays finally launches on a 25-day mission around the moon
The launch of the Artemis I mission marks the first step in NASA's plan to return humans to the moon by 2025
It had been due to launch in August but series of delays linked to engine fears and storms pushed back lift-off
The $4 billion Space Launch System finally blasted into space at 01:47 EST (06:47 GMT) on Wednesday
The 25-day mission sees Orion capsule fly 60 miles above the moon at its closest before returning to Earth
If successful, NASA will send Artemis II on a trip around the moon as early as 2024, this time with human crew
Artemis III would see humans return to moon in 2025, possibly with first woman and/or first person of colour
Third time became the charm for NASA's attempt to launch the Artemis I mission - the rocket was successfully launched just before 2.00am EST (7:00am GMT) Wednesday morning on a 25-day mission around the moon.
The world's most powerful rocket took off from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida after NASA engineers quashed two earlier attempts at lift off.
Artemis sees an uncrewed Orion capsule circle the Earth's natural satellite and return to our planet after a 1.3 miIlion-mile voyage.
This is a historic launch that signals the first stage of the US space agency's goal to return people to the lunar surface for the first time in half a century.
If successful, the mission will be followed by a human trip around the moon in 2024 and could lead to the first woman and first person of colour following in Neil Armstrong's footsteps the year after.
However, after enduring fuel leak concerns, engine issues and escaping the clutches of not one but two hurricanes, the $4 billion (£3.5 billion) Space Launch System (SLS) has finally blasted into orbit.
Third time became the charm for NASA 's attempt to launch the Artemis I mission - the rocket was successfully launched just before 2.00am EST Wednesday morning on a 25-day mission around the moon
Artemis is a historic launch that signals the first stage of NASA's goal to return people to the lunar surface for the first time in half a century
The plan is to return humans to the moon on Artemis III by 2025 and ultimately to build a permanent lunar outpost with a view to exploring deeper into the cosmos
The stumbling block to this has been the numerous delays NASA's new mega moon rocket has faced, with its maiden launch date repeatedly pushed back since August
Space fans gather to watch as the Artemis I unmanned lunar rocket lifts off from launch pad 39B at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA
Despite its ultimate success, this launch was not without drama, as in the final few hours before lift-off, a 'red team' of engineers was sent out to the launch pad to tighten some bolts that would prevent a fuel leak
Despite its ultimate success, this launch was not without drama, as in the final few hours before lift-off, a 'red team' of engineers was sent out to the launch pad to tighten some bolts and stop a fuel leak.
However, at 01:47 EST (06:47 GMT), the rocket's four main R-25 engines and two boosters exploded into life, pushing the 32-storey rocket into the sky over Florida with 8.8 million pounds of thrust.
'We rise together, back to the moon and beyond,' said NASA's official commentator as the rocket took off.
About ten minutes later, the engines of the SLS rocket powered off and the core stage separated, as Artemis entered the Earth's orbit.
Then, at 03:42 (08:42 GMT), NASA announced that Orion had completed its 20-minute 'trans-lunar injection manoeuvre' that accelerated it to more than 22,600 mph (36,370 kph) and propelled it towards the moon.
Artemis' launch director Charlie Blackwell-Thompson told her cheering colleagues: 'You are part of a first – it doesn't come along very often, once in a career, maybe.
'We are all part of something incredibly special: the first launch of Artemis. The first step in returning our country to the moon and on to Mars. What you have done today will inspire generations to come.'
Ms Blackwell-Thompson added in a statement: 'On behalf of all the men and women across our great nation who have worked to bring this hardware together to make this day possible, and for the Artemis generation, this is for you.'
NASA is due to release breathtaking images taken of Earth from the Orion spacecraft at about 10am local time (3pm GMT).
At 03:42 (08:42 GMT), NASA announced that Orion had completed its 20-minute 'trans-lunar injection manoeuvre' that accelerated it to more than 22,600 mph (36,370 kph) and propelled it towards the moon
Artemis' launch director Charlie Blackwell-Thompson said: 'On behalf of all the men and women across our great nation who have worked to bring this hardware together to make this day possible, and for the Artemis generation, this is for you'
NASA's new mega moon rocket was dogged by a multitude of delays that repeatedly pushed back its historic maiden launch
After enduring fuel leak concerns, engine issues and escaping the clutches of not one but two hurricanes, the $4 billion (£3.5 billion) Space Launch System (SLS) has finally blasted into orbit
Artemis sees an Orion spacecraft circle the Earth's natural satellite and return to our planet after a 1.3 miIlion-mile voyage
An estimated 100,000 people gathered along the beaches and roads outside the Kennedy Space Center to witness lift-off early this morning.
This included 55-year-old Todd Garland, who drove 900 miles from Frankfurt, Kentucky to Cocoa Beach.
Wearing an Artemis T-shirt, he told AFP: 'This has been an experience I've looked forward to all my life.
'My first memory is my mother waking me up at two-years-old to watch the Moon landing and I've always wanted to see a launch ever since, and now I have.'
Kerry Warner, 59, a grandmother and semi-retired educator who lives in Florida, added the launch was 'part of America and what America is all about.'
Looking forward, NASA's plan is to return human boots to the moon on Artemis III by 2025 and ultimately to build a permanent lunar outpost with a view to exploring deeper into the cosmos.
It would be the first time people have walked on the moon since 1972.
Providing it is all successful, another flight is due to follow in 2024 – this time with astronauts on board – before human boots once again grace the lunar surface a year later as part of NASA's ambitious $93 billion (£63 billion) Artemis programme.
Here MailOnline answers everything you need to know about the Artemis I mission, including how you can track the flight live.
How can I follow Artemis?
An online tool is allowing people to monitor the Orion spacecraft as it travels to the moon and back again during the 25-day voyage.
The Artemis Real-time Orbit Website (AROW) provides imagery, data and all the latest news about the launch, and lets space fans track it in real-time.
Data collected by sensors on Orion and sent to the Mission Control Center at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston is used to provide real-time information - like distance from Earth and the moon - about the mission.
Tracking: The US space agency has revealed a way for the public to track the Orion spacecraft in real time. The Artemis Real-time Orbit Website (AROW) will provide imagery, data and all the latest news
NASA also reveled that it will make Orion's location data freely available for 'data lovers, artists, and creatives to make their own tracking app, data visualisation, or anything else they envision'
NASA also revealed that it will make Orion's location data freely available for 'data lovers, artists, and creatives to make their own tracking app, data visualisation, or anything else they envision.'
It added that while AROW was developed for the upcoming Artemis missions, it may use the same technology to offer visualisations of other space missions in the future.
Britain has an involvement in tracking Artemis I - the Goonhilly Earth Station in Cornwall will track the uncrewed Orion capsule and provide communications support for the mission.
Goonhilly is the world's only commercial deep space ground station. In 1969 the site was responsible for distributing live satellite feeds of the Apollo moon landing to people around the world.
Its GHY-6 deep space antenna will receive radio signals from the spacecraft over the six-week duration of its mission.
What does the mission involve?
Named after the twin sister of Apollo in Greek mythology, Artemis signifies the modern incarnation of the US space agency's Apollo programme, which sent astronauts to the moon for the first time.
At 322ft (98m) — rising 23 storeys above the launch-pad at Cape Canaveral — the rocket is slightly shorter than the Apollo Saturn V that took astronauts to the moon in the 1960s and 1970s.
However, its four RS-25 engines (the same as those used on the Space Shuttle), powered by both solid and liquid fuel, provide greater thrust and a far higher top speed of up to 24,500 mph. (The Saturn V rockets used only liquid fuel because the technology had not yet advanced sufficiently for anything else).
The Space Launch System (SLS) rocket will carry the Orion capsule to space for its 25-and-a-half day journey around the moon and then a splashdown in the Pacific Ocean on December 11
The Artemis 1 mission will see an uncrewed Orion spacecraft circle the moon and return to Earth after a 25-day, 1.3 miIlion-mile voyage
It needs that power to push a large spacecraft out of low-Earth orbit to the moon some 240,000 miles away.
The journey takes a few days and Orion will get as close as 60 miles (100km) from the lunar surface before firing its thrusters to move into orbit up to 40,000 miles (64,000km) away.
Ten shoebox-size secondary payloads, called CubeSats, are hitching a ride to space on Artemis I, while several other investigations are flying inside the Orion spacecraft during the flight test.
Each of the payloads will perform science and technology experiments in deep space, expanding our understanding of lunar science, technology developments, and deep space radiation.
During re-entry, Orion will emerge into the Earth's atmosphere at 25,000mph before splashing down off the California coast.
Artemis I is designed to show that the SLS rocket and Orion capsule are ready to carry astronauts for Artemis II, and ultimately the Artemis III mission to return humans to the moon.
It would mark the first time people have set foot on the lunar surface since December 1972, when the American astronaut Gene Cernan scratched his young daughter's initials in the dust next to his footprints before heading home.
ARTEMIS I MISSION: SOME OF THE ITEMS ON THE PACKING LIST
245 x Silver Snoopy pins
1 x Snoopy Zero G Indicator
500 x Artemis 'Medallion' gold seal stickers for certificates
2,775 x Artemis I mission patches
1 x Lunar sample button (Apollo 11)
567 x American flags
1 x Artemis program rubber stamp
90 x Girl Scouts Space Science badges
1 x Written quote by Dr. Maria Zuber
1 x World Space Week lapel pin
1 x Sycamore Tree seeds
1 x USB drive (images, drawings, poems of space by citizens and students)
1 x Dead Sea pebble
1 x Wrapped pen nib & Peanuts comic strip
1x National Air and Space Museum – Apollo 8 Commemorative Medallion
Are there astronauts on board?
No — unless you count Shaun the Sheep, Snoopy or the dummy Commander Moonikin as crew.
This mission has no humans on board, but as long as everything goes smoothly and the Orion capsule splashes down to Earth as planned, then the hope is that a four-person crew can make a trip around the moon in 2024.
Instead of humans, a trio of human-sized test dummies stand in for the crew in the Orion capsule, their bodies swarming with sensors to measure radiation and vibration.
In the commander's seat is Commander Moonikin Campos — a tribute to electrical engineer Arturo Campos, who played a key role in getting the troubled Apollo 13 mission safely back to Earth in 1970.
Clad in a new Orion Crew Survival System spacesuit, the mannequin is providing NASA scientists with important data on what humans experience during a trip to the moon.
Two other mannequins named Helga and Zohar sit in the Orion's passenger seats, and they reflect the US space agency's determination that a manned flight to the moon will soon include a woman.
The dummies have torsos made of materials that mimic a woman's softer tissue, organs and bones.
They are fitted with some 5,600 sensors and 34 radiation detectors to measure the amount of radiation exposure they encounter during the mission.
One is wearing a radiation protection vest and the other isn't.
Scientists say that different organs have different susceptibility to space radiation, and understanding that will be essential to long-term space exploration.
Women generally have a higher risk of developing cancer, since they have more radiation-sensitive organs such as ovaries and breast tissue.
NASA has also revealed an Official Flight Kit list of items it sent on Artemis I, including 245 silver Snoopy pins, a Shaun the Sheep mascot, a Dead Sea pebble and 567 American flags.
Ahead of the launch of Artemis I, the US space agency revealed a list of items it was sending on the SLS rocket on its journey to the Earth's only natural satellite. They include a Shaun the Sheep mascot (pictured) and 567 American flags
The Artemis I launch paves the way for a future human mission to the Moon.
Credit: Jim Watson/AFP via Getty
NASA’s huge new rocket blasted off from Kennedy Space Center in Florida at 1.47 a.m. Eastern time today, achieving a major milestone in the agency’s plans to send astronauts back to the Moon.
“We rise together, back to the Moon and beyond,” said NASA launch commentator Derrol Nail as the mighty rocket thundered into the night skies above Cape Canaveral.
The launch put an uncrewed astronaut capsule, called Orion, into Earth orbit and towards a planned course to fly past the Moon and back over the next 26 days. The flight, known as Artemis I, will test whether the rocket and capsule will be able to transport humans safely, while carrying a number of scientific experiments.
This is the first time in half a century that NASA has flown a rocket powerful enough to send humans beyond low Earth orbit.
The flight was delayed after two attempts in late August and early September, which were cut short owing to hardware problems, including leaks of liquid hydrogen fuel. NASA then passed on a launch opportunity in late September because of an approaching hurricane, before putting it back on the launch pad, where it experienced high winds and rain from a different storm last week. NASA managers say that storm caused only minor damage to the rocket, including peeling off a strip of caulking that they say will not endanger the launch.
The delays mean that several of the small solar-powered satellites that are flying on Artemis I, which will be deployed into space to conduct research, have not had their batteries charged in more than a year. “We believe most of the secondary payloads are going to be able to power up and boot up once deployed,” says Jacob Bleacher, NASA's chief exploration scientist. “We’re just going to have to see once they get up there and released out into orbit.”
A symbolic start
For many researchers, Artemis I represents the symbolic start of a new era of US lunar exploration. NASA named this and subsequent planned flights Artemis in homage to the Apollo programme that sent 12 astronauts to the lunar surface between 1969 and 1972. In Greek mythology, Artemis is the goddess of the Moon and twin sister to the Sun god Apollo.
With the Artemis programme, NASA aims to establish a long-term presence on the Moon. That will begin with a series of robotic landers starting early next year, followed by astronauts landing at the lunar south pole no earlier than 2025, and the establishment of a lunar space station and base after that. If NASA is successful, part of the historical significance of Artemis will be that sustained presence, says Teasel Muir-Harmony, a historian at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC.
If Artemis III lands astronauts at the lunar south pole, they will probably collect Moon rocks, as shown in this artist’s rendering.
Credit: NASA
Science will also benefit. Astronauts landing on the Moon will be studying ice hidden in the shadowed craters at the never-yet-explored lunar south pole. That means collecting Moon rocks, which the United States has not done since the last Apollo mission in 1972. Analysis of lunar rocks at the south pole could reveal secrets of the early Solar System that scientists have long been hoping to crack. “We’re dying to get down to the surface and bring those rocks back,” says Brett Denevi, a lunar researcher at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland. “We’re on the precipice of something really exciting.”
But there’s a lot of uncertainty. Several US presidents previously tried to set NASA on a path to return to the Moon or send humans to Mars, but because of budget cuts and shifting priorities, the agency has not managed to take those steps until now. “There’s the scepticism and cynicism of, is this really going to happen?” Denevi says.
Back to the Moon
After the Apollo programme ended, NASA focused on building and flying the space shuttle, which operated between 1981 and 2011, and constructing and working aboard the International Space Station, which has been permanently occupied since 2000.
Space experts have been waiting for another big lunar launch for a long time. "As a child of Apollo, I never believed I’d see this," says David Parker, director of human and robotic exploration at the European Space Agency in Noordwijk, the Netherlands.
“It’s making it real, that we’re going back to the Moon,” adds Chiara Ferrari-Wong, a lunar scientist at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. “It’s all feeling very real now.”
Artemis I is meant to be a basic check of engineering systems. “If history is any indicator, it doesn’t have to be a flawless flight,” Muir-Harmony says. The equivalent flights in the Apollo programme revealed problems that needed to be fixed: for instance, Apollo 6, an uncrewed flight of the Saturn V rocket in 1968, experienced oscillations soon after launch.
During the Artemis I flight, the Orion capsule will head to what’s called a distant retrograde orbit around the Moon. That will take it around 64,000 kilometres past the Moon, travelling in the opposite direction to the Moon’s orbit of Earth. Throughout the journey, mission controllers will test how the capsule responds to flying in deep space. Orion will eventually leave that orbit and head back towards Earth, splashing down in the Pacific Ocean off San Diego, California (see ‘Flight path’).
Source: This graphic was repurposed from this story, by Alex Witze.
If all goes well, the next launch of the rocket, in a mission known as Artemis II that will happen no earlier than 2024, will carry four astronauts around the Moon. The crewed landing, Artemis III, will follow. Each launch is estimated to cost at least US$4 billion.
But many steps remain before those flights become reality. Most significantly, the aerospace company SpaceX in Hawthorne, California — which NASA has contracted to supply a crewed lunar lander called Starship — will need to demonstrate that the giant ship is capable of carrying astronauts from lunar orbit to the Moon’s surface. So far, Starship has been tested only on the ground, although it could attempt its first orbital flight in the coming months.
There’s science to be done
NASA has pledged that at least one of the two Artemis III astronauts who will step onto the lunar surface will be a woman. The pair will probably stay on the Moon for around 6.5 days, venturing out of Starship to conduct various scientific experiments, including collecting rocks.
Their exact landing site has yet to be chosen, although in August NASA announced a shortlist of 13 regions around the lunar south pole.
One spot researchers want to investigate is the largest crater on the moon, the South Pole–Aitken impact basin, created by an ancient collision. Getting rock samples from the crater would allow researchers to pinpoint when the collision occurred, thus anchoring a key point in the history of the early Solar System. Some of the potential Artemis III landing sites might contain rocks tossed out by the ancient collision.
Well before astronauts arrive, however, a host of robotic Moon missions are slated to take place. A series of landers built by US commercial companies will ferry scientific instruments and other payloads to the lunar surface. The first of these will happen no earlier than the beginning of next year, and will head to a volcanic plain in the Moon’s northern hemisphere known as Lacus Mortis, carrying experiments including several that will measure the chemistry of the lunar soil. Another, much-anticipated, delivery will be a rover that is scheduled to go to the south pole in 2024 to drill for ice.
For Ferrari-Wong, NASA’s return to the Moon represents a broader cultural touchstone that resonates with both scientists and members of the public around the world who gaze up at the Moon every night. “What I love about studying the Moon, and what’s so exciting about Artemis, is that it’s symbolic to almost everyone,” she says. “It’s also the next step to the rest of the Solar System. That’s just amazing.”
BREAKING: Large Hadron Collider Just Discovered Three New Exotic Particles
BREAKING: Large Hadron Collider Just Discovered Three New Exotic Particles
On Tuesday, the European nuclear research center CERN said that scientists using the upgraded Large Hadron Collider (LHC) had found three particles that had never been seen before.
The world’s biggest and most powerful particle collider started up again after a three-year break for improvements. Researchers can look at twenty times more collisions now that the LHC has been updated.
Researchers at CERN found a “pentaquark” and the first pair of “tetraquarks” with the help of the improved collider.
What does it mean that particles have been found?
Chris Parkes, a spokesman for the LHCb experiment, which was designed to find out what happened after the Big Bang, says that this discovery will help theorists make a unified model of exotic hadrons, the nature of which is mostly unknown.
“We are in a time of discovery that is similar to the 1950s, when a “particle zoo” of hadrons started to be found, which led to the quark model of normal hadrons in the 1960s. “We’re making ‘particle zoo 2.0,'” said Niels Tuning, who is in charge of physics at the LHCb.
A quark is an electron that can’t be broken up into smaller pieces. Hadrons, like the protons and neutrons that make up atomic nuclei, which are an important part of the universe, are made when two or three quarks come together. Before the LHC got better, it was hard to find these particles because they often broke apart quickly.
The upgraded Large Hadron Collider will run for about four years at 13.6 trillion electronvolts.
Tuning said, “The more analyses we do, the more kinds of strange hadrons we find.”
Researchers want to learn more about “dark matter,” which has never been seen or touched. CERN also wants to find out more about how the subatomic particles that make matter and antimatter are made and how they break down.
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The Future of Mars Exploration Belongs to Helicopters
NASA's Mars Helicopters: Present, Future, and Proposed: A family portrait of Mars helicopters - Ingenuity, Sample Recovery Helicopter, and a future Mars Science Helicopter concept.
Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech.
The Future of Mars Exploration Belongs to Helicopters
Even though there’s no firm date for a Mars sample return mission, the Perseverance rover is busy collecting rock samples and caching them for retrieval. We’ve known of the future Mars sample return mission for a while now, and as time goes on, we’re learning more details.
The latest development concerns helicopters. With Ingenuity’s success, NASA has decided that the sample return mission will take two helicopters.
When NASA’s Perseverance rover landed in Mars’ Jezero crater, it had a passenger secured to its belly: a small rotorcraft named Ingenuity. It was the first powered, controlled extraterrestrial flight by an aircraft. (The first unpowered flight was a Soviet balloon flight on Venus as part of the Vega 1 mission in 1985.)
Ingenuity met all its goals and more. It was initially intended to perform five flights up to 90 seconds long each in 30 days. It performed well beyond that, with its 33rd flight taking place on September 24th, 2022, over 18 months since the mission landed on Mars.
The eventual Mars sample return mission will be a joint endeavour between NASA and the ESA. The mission is still being developed, and now it looks like the agencies will send not one but two helicopters.
We’ve known about this development for a while. But in a new blog post update, Bob Balaram, Chief Engineer of the Ingenuity Project, explains in more detail the advantages that helicopters bring to exploring Mars. Balaram originated the Ingenuity helicopter and guided it through its first year of operations on Mars.
Balaram compares Ingenuity’s first flight to another first—the Wright Brothers’ famous flight in North Carolina in 1903. “It was very much like another day in December 1903, here on Earth,” Balaram writes. “On Mars, it was our Wright Brothers moment – a short flight – rising a few meters into the sky, hovering briefly in the thin air, making a turn, and descending to land. A simple flight, but one that ushered in aerial mobility for exploring Mars.” The comparison is apt because Ingenuity took a tiny piece of the Wright Flyer aircraft to Mars.
Ingenuity has been on Mars for over 500 sols now when its mission was originally intended to last only 30 days. That type of success would embolden any engineer, and now NASA wants to build on that success. Both future helicopters will be similar to Ingenuity, but there will be some key differences. They won’t be there to test technology; they’ll have duties to perform.
“These Sample Recovery Helicopters, with wheels instead of feet, and a small manipulator arm with a two-fingered gripper, will, if needed, carry precious sample tubes from a sample cache depot back to the Mars ascent vehicle for launch back to Earth,” Balaram wrote.
This artist’s illustration of a Mars Sample Return helicopter highlights the rotorcraft’s wheels and sample-retrieving arm. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech.
The Mars rovers are extremely impressive machines, from Spirit and Opportunity to MSL Curiosity and Perseverance. Their performance and endurance on Mars are a testament to human capabilities. But helicopters take exploration to the next level.
Balaram talks about the 4R’s of exploration: Reach, Range, Resolution, and Robotics. “Mars helicopters are unique in their ability to reach locations otherwise inaccessible to other forms of mobility. They can fly over terrain that is simply not traversable by a wheeled rover, as shown by Ingenuity’s flight over the treacherous sand dune fields of the Seitah region in Jezero crater.
A rover’s reach is limited, but helicopters can greatly improve the reach of exploration by rovers, and it might be hard to imagine future rover missions to the planet without helicopters as part of the mission design. Helicopters can act as route-finders in advance of giving the rover travel instructions. They can examine areas for sampling desirability. They can hover next to features like crater walls and even explore lava tubes.
Helicopters can open up other regions of Mars for surface exploration, too. Rovers are heavy, and engineers are very cautious about where they land them, cognizant of the so-calledMars Curse. But much-lighter helicopters could land elsewhere. “Because of their low weight, entry capsules carrying a helicopter can be targeted to even the highlands of Mars, with the helicopters flying out the final leg of the entry, descent, and landing journey. For the first time, we can have true global access to the red planet,” Balaram writes.
This image shows the landing locations of NASA’s Mars missions. None have explored the planet’s southern highlands, which have a much thicker crust and are higher in elevation by up to 3 km. The striking difference between the southern highlands and the northern hemisphere is called the Martian Dichotomy. Image Credit: By NASA/JPL-Caltech – https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/jpeg/PIA24320.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=97863997
Ingenuity had a very limited range. As a test vehicle, increasing its range wasn’t a priority. But future Mars helicopters could have a much greater range. “While Ingenuity as a technology demonstration was limited to a flight capability of about 1 km per sol, future larger helicopters could have the endurance to allow 10’s of km per sol traverses,” Balaram writes. “With that kind of capability, large-scale, close-up exploration of a wide area on Mars becomes possible.” Balaram says that helicopters could open Valles Marineris up for exploration. Even the planet’s ice caps could be within reach one day.
Helicopters will improve image resolution, too. The MRO has a powerful camera system that has imaged almost the entire surface of Mars. It’s led to all kinds of discoveries on Mars and has helped choose landing spots for surface missions. But a much cheaper, less sophisticated camera on a helicopter can image specific areas of Mars’ surface with higher resolution than MRO or any other orbiter. And for much cheaper.
Balaram’s fourth R is robotics. Robotic technology is advancing daily, and increased robotics on a Mars helicopter means greater autonomy and mobility. If NASA ever develops a helicopter that can explore lava tubes, for example, robotics will have to be up to the task. The communications delay between Earth and Mars prohibits the type of fine control needed for that type of exploration.
“High-performance processors enabling autonomy, unprecedented mobility through both flying and driving, and a true manipulation capability with a robot hand can enable much more than sample tube retrieval,” Balaram wrote.
As if this isn’t impressive enough, engineers are already developing a more advanced craft for future exploration. “A more capable Mars Science Helicopter with the ability to carry almost 5 kg of science payloads is also in early conceptual and design stages,” wrote Balaram.
The NASA MSH white paper considered two rotorcraft concepts; a coaxial design and a larger hexacopter design. Image Credit: NASA.
The white paper outlines two potential designs for the MSH: a coaxial and a hexacopter. The coaxial is based on Ingenuity, known as the Mars Helicopter Technology Design (MHTD.) The hexacopter is larger, about 30 kg, compared to 4.6 kg for the MHTD. Both have the same approximate range, 10 km laterally and 2 km vertically, but the hexacopter can carry a much larger payload, about 5 kg compared to about 1.3 kg.
The white paper identifies key science objectives that can be uniquely addressed by rotorcraft on Mars.
This image from the white paper shows six science objectives. The coloured dots represent rotorcraft capabilities that address each objective. Green is for range, purple is access to hazardous terrain, and blue is access to the planetary boundary layer. The planetary boundary layer is an atmospheric boundary layer which extends ~5–10 km above the surface. It’s a previously inaccessible region of Mars that controls interactions between the atmosphere and the surface. Image Credit: NASA
The white paper also identifies science payloads and specific locations where the MSH could meet the scientific objectives. These are broken down into three mission concepts, with each one having different instruments. They are Clays and Astrobiology, Ice-Exposing Scarps, and Crustal Magnetism. These three objectives are well-known to Universe Today readers.
The instruments include sampling arms and microdrills, infrared imagers, neutron spectrometers, a meteorology package, a magnetometer, and a magnetometer.
This image from the white paper illustrates one of the mission concepts considered for a future MSH. The goals are to determine the relationship between recent climate change on Mars and the proposed Mars ice ages. It also includes mapping the horizontal and vertical distribution of accessible, near-surface water ice. Image Credit: NASA.
White papers are fascinating because they’re a window into all of the thinking that goes into an eventual mission design. As far as the authors are concerned, helicopters will likely be a mainstay of Mars missions. “The coaxial vehicle is sufficiently low-mass and low-volume that it should be considered in all future launch opportunities to Mars’ surface,” the paper says in its conclusion. “We recommend all possibilities be considered.”
This is an exciting time in Mars exploration. It’s hard to predict the effect rotorcraft will have on future missions. Maybe one day, a Mars mission will contain a stationary home base and multiple rotorcraft.
Maybe in the future, we won’t even send rovers to Mars.
Researchers developed a new type of solar energy harvesting system that breaks the efficiency record of all existing technologies.
(CREDIT: Creative Commons)
Photovoltaic cells which convert sunlight directly into energy have made much progress. Yet with all the research, history and science behind it, there are limits to how much solar power can be harvested and used – as its generation is restricted only to the daylight.
Bo Zhao, Kalsi Assistant Professor of mechanical engineering, and his doctoral student, Sina Jafari Ghalekohneh, have created new architecture that improves the efficiency of solar energy harvesting to the thermodynamic limit.
(CREDIT: University of Houston)
University of Houston professor Bo Zhao is continuing the historic quest, reporting on a new type of solar energy harvesting system that breaks the efficiency record of all existing technologies. And no less important, it clears the way to use solar power 24/7.
(a) Illustration of traditional STPV and (b) nonreciprocal STPV. The absorber of traditional STPV has back radiation towards the sun. In nonreciprocal STPV, the back emission from the intermediate layer is suppressed, and more incoming energy is directed towards the cell. The nonreciprocal behavior of the intermediate layer can be made wavelength selective.
Traditional solar thermophotovoltaics rely on an intermediate layer to tailor sunlight for better efficiency. The front side of the intermediate layer (the side facing the sun) is designed to absorb all photons coming from the sun. In this way, solar energy is converted to thermal energy of the intermediate layer and elevates the temperature of the intermediate layer.
But the thermodynamic efficiency limit of STPVs, which has long been understood to be the blackbody limit (85.4%), is still far lower than the Landsberg limit (93.3%), the ultimate efficiency limit for solar energy harvesting.
Zhao explained, “In this work, we show that the efficiency deficit is caused by the inevitable back emission of the intermediate layer towards the sun resulting from the reciprocity of the system. We propose nonreciprocal STPV systems that utilize an intermediate layer with nonreciprocal radiative properties. Such a nonreciprocal intermediate layer can substantially suppress its back emission to the sun and funnel more photon flux towards the cell.”
“We show that, with such improvement, the nonreciprocal STPV system can reach the Landsberg limit, and practical STPV systems with single-junction photovoltaic cells can also experience a significant efficiency boost,” he added.
Besides improved efficiency, STPVs promise compactness and dispatchability (electricity that can be programmed on demand based on market needs).
In one important application scenario, STPVs can be coupled with an economical thermal energy storage unit to generate electricity 24/7.
“Our work highlights the great potential of nonreciprocal thermal photonic components in energy applications. The proposed system offers a new pathway to improve the performance of STPV systems significantly. It may pave the way for nonreciprocal systems to be implemented in practical STPV systems currently used in power plants,” said Zhao.
***
As an intellectual exercise this is an elegant work showing where to look for more efficiency. This is a strong case for nonreciprocal solar theromophotovoltaics. But they haven’t been designed and engineered yet.
Perhaps this work will trigger some progress. 93.+% is definitely something to keep looking for. And that “economical thermal energy storage unit” will be needing some work as well.
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What Would Asteroid Mining do to the World's Economy?
What Would Asteroid Mining do to the World's Economy?
About a decade ago, the prospect of “asteroid mining” saw a massive surge in interest. This was due largely to the rise of the commercial space sector and the belief that harvesting resources from space would soon become a reality. What had been the stuff of science fiction and futurist predictions was now being talked about seriously in the business sector, with many claiming that the future of resource exploitation and manufacturing lay in space. Since then, there’s been a bit of a cooling off as these hopes failed to materialize in the expected timeframe.
Nevertheless, there is little doubt that a human presence in space will entail harvesting resources from Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs) and beyond. In a recent paper, a team of researchers from the University of Nottingham in Ningbo, China, examined the potential impact of asteroid mining on the global economy. Based on their detailed assessment that includes market forces, environmental impact, asteroid and mineral type, and the scale of mining, they show how asteroid mining can be done in a way that is consistent with the Outer Space Treaty (i.e., for the benefit of all humanity).
The research was conducted by He Sun, Junfeng Zhu, and Yipeng Xu, three researchers from the Department of Computer Science at the University of Nottingham. They are part of a research group known as GemAI (Group for Equity Modeling with AI) that explores the intersection between mathematical modeling, artificial intelligence, and the social sciences (largely focused on equity issues). The paper describing their findings is currently being reviewed for publication in the Annual Review of Sociology.
Simply put, the prospect of asteroid mining comes down to resources and the continued growth of human civilization. There are many reasons cited for this, from ensuring the survival of humanity and life on Earth (having a “backup location” or becoming “multiplanetary”) to fulfilling a basic and ancestral need to explore and “wander.” Then there’s the idea of preventing ecological collapse here on Earth through mining and manufacturing or ushering in a “post-scarcity” society by relocating all of our resource extraction and manufacturing to near-Earth space, Cislunar space, and beyond.
Carl Sagan, the late and great physicist, author, and science communicator, summarized these beautifully and related how the two might be intertwined at the intuitive level. As he put it:
“The open road still softly calls, like a nearly forgotten song of childhood. We invest far-off places with a certain romance. The appeal, I suspect, has been meticulously crafted by natural selection as an essential element in our survival. Long summers, mild winters, rich harvests, plentiful game—none of them lasts forever. Your own life, or your band’s, or even your species’ might be owed to a restless few—drawn, by a craving they can hardly articulate or understand, to undiscovered lands and new worlds.”
From a material perspective, the rationale is that human growth is an exponential phenomenon that has been taking place ever since Upper Paleolithic Era (ca. 50,000 to 12,000 years ago). The period that has since followed – the Holocene – has seen the rapid proliferation of human societies and the growth of their impact on environmental systems worldwide. The trend has become so acute that by the mid-20th century, geologists began referring to the current epoch as the Anthropocene, where humanity is the single-greatest driver of environmental changes on the planet.
The belief that humanity’s future lies in space commands a large following today, thanks in no small part to the rise of the commercial space (aka. NewSpace) industry. Another factor is the continued pressure to ensure that there are enough resources to see to the needs of a growing population, coupled with the effects of climate change. As we approach the mid-21st century, the greatest challenge will be providing for an estimated 10 billion people worldwide amid the impacts of climate change. The argument goes that if our future is to be assured, then off-world resources must be harnessed.
Mining asteroids might be necessary for humanity to expand into the Solar System. But what effect would asteroid mining have on the world’s economy? Credit: ESA.
The demand for minerals, He Sun explained to Universe Today via email, is a major factor in ensuring resource abundance:
“Due to the fact that the total amount of minerals on the planet is finite, continuous advances in resource recovery technology cannot fundamentally solve the problem of mineral depletion. In this context, the significance of asteroid mining is becoming more apparent. Large asteroid mining companies (including Space X, Blue Origin, and others that already have a presence in this area) could create hostile competition. To prevent the disorderly expansion of capital and related industrial monopoly, it is necessary for the United Nations to establish relevant regulations.“
To prevent asteroid mining and the future space economy from becoming a “Wild West”-type situation, there are many calls for laws to be drafted that could prevent cutthroat competition and ensure that mineral wealth is used for the good of all humanity. This is in keeping with the Outer Space Treaty signed in 1967 between the U.S., the Soviet Union, and the U.K., which were the most influential players in space at the time. The Treaty has since been signed and ratified by 112 countries (as of February 2022) and remains the most important piece of space legislation ever passed.
According to NASA, the Outer Space Treaty is the inspiration behind the Artemis Accords, a set of principles and best practices governing international partnerships to advance the Artemis Program. As stated in Section I – Purpose and Scope, the Accords are “intended to increase the safety of operations, reduce uncertainty, and promote the sustainable and beneficial use of space for all humankind.” The Treaty, says He Sun, also served as a background to the team’s analysis:
“On the one hand, it reflects the concern of the United Nations about asteroid mining (the important value of asteroid rare earth metals, the growing space power of companies and national space agencies),” he said. “On the other hand, our paper provides [the UN] with improved programmatic policies to prevent the negative effects on global equity of possible scenarios such as monopolies, resource curses, etc.”
NASA’s mission to asteroid 16 Psyche has been delayed. Now a review panel is examining the delay. Credit: Maxar/ASU/P. Rubin/NASA/JPL-Caltech
He Sun and his colleagues began their analysis with an appraisal of the global situation and space exploration capabilities of various countries. They then focused on creating a model that would measure the impact of space mining on global equity and formulating policies that would ensure (as much as possible) that all people would share the benefits. The first step was to calculate a Unified Equity Index (UEI) for each country, which consisted of an analysis of six factors: economic, education, science and technology, health, environment, and social stability.
In short, they considered how a country’s UEI would be affected by things like wealth inequality (the Gini coefficient), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment, the average level of education, the average number of patents and research expenditures, life expectancy and health outcomes, environmental issues, and crime rates. From this, they obtained an Equity Index for the entire world based on the entropy of each country’s UEI. This brought them to step two, where the impact of asteroid mining was simulated based on the types of asteroids being mined.
This was based on three broad categories scientists use to classify asteroids: C-type, S-type, and M-type. Whereas C-type (chondrite) asteroids – the most common – contain large amounts of carbon and are composed mainly of clay and silicate rocks, S-type (“stony”) asteroids are composed of silicate minerals and metal (nickel-iron), and M-types are mostly metallic. They also considered which entities were involved (private, national, international) and changing mineral values over time. Said He Sun:
“In addition, we define the impact of mining and equity through a gray correlation matrix derived from mineral development data for a typical country (the United States) over the last 50 years with data from these indicators. This gray correlation matrix is used as a bridge to future global equity impacts of asteroid mining. We use these gray correlation coefficients, the scale of future plans for asteroid mining for each entity, and the change in equity for 20 countries over time to predict the impact of asteroid mining on global equity in the coming decades.”
Asteroid mining concept. Credit: NASA/Denise Watt
In particular, their model looked at how the value of minerals would change between 2025 and 2085, coinciding with the expected growth of asteroid mining in this century. Ultimately, their model showed that without regulation, the gap between space-competitive entities (countries with space programs, companies with advanced space capability) and other entities would increase profoundly, and equity within nations would become graver. To this end, they made some specific recommendations:
“We suggest the UN add the Mining Information Policy, Mineral Legacy Policy, Mutual Assistance Policy, Antitrust Policy, and Transaction Guidance Policy to the updated version of the Outer Space Treaty,” said He Sun. “There are unimaginably tremendous resources in space, and if we do not exploit and distribute them wisely, the consequence will be severe.”
Of course, He Sun and his colleagues make these recommendations with the caveat that asteroid mining is still a hypothetical venture, mainly because the associated costs are still prohibitive. A lot of work needs to be done before it can become an industry that promises to relocate resource extraction to space and usher in a “post-scarcity” economy. This includes a further reduction in launch costs, the creation of infrastructure in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and wherever else we intend to mine, and the ability to process minerals in space cheaply.
Nevertheless, there is little doubt that the prospect of asteroid mining is approaching, and multiple legal, ethical, and economic questions need to be addressed beforehand. Like many aspects of humanity’s future in space, these efforts are intended to prevent a “free-for-all” that could turn space into the next scramble for resources, territory, and imperial ventures. If space is to be for all humankind, we need to take the necessary steps to make sure it’s not claimed and exploited for the benefit of the few.
Addendum:
Yipeng Xu was the Chinese researcher to name an exoplanet discovered by Chinese astronomers and its host star: “Wangshu” and “Xihe,” which mean “moon goddess” and “sun goddess” in Chinese mythology (respectively). Yipeng recently researched weak gravitational lensing and galaxy morphology using deep learning models at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
Is Earth being watched? Can alien civilizations see Earth?
Is Earth being watched? Can alien civilizations see Earth?
Past, present and future stars that can see Earth as a transiting exoplanet is a new paper by Dr. Jackie Faherty and Dr. Lisa Kalteneggar.
It reports that "In the search for life in the cosmos, transiting exoplanets are currently our best targets. With thousands already detected, our search is entering a new era of discovery with upcoming large telescopes that will look for signs of ‘life’ in the atmospheres of transiting worlds.
Previous work has explored the zone from which Earth would be visible while transiting the Sun1–4. However, these studies considered only the current position of stars, and did not include their changing vantage point over time.
Here we report that 1,715 stars within 100 parsecs from the Sun are in the right position to have spotted life on a transiting Earth since early human civilization.
With 1715 stars in the right position to have spotted life on a transiting Earth it is not unthinkable that we as a type 1 civilization are being watched by far more advanced alien civilizations Type 2 and Type 3 who maybe use these stars to monitor planet Earth for some reason without the possibility to discover them.
That we have not yet been able to make contact with the aliens may be due to the idea that radio waves are outdated technology, which is probably right. Just think about the idea that we are being watched without being able to interact with the aliens, because we yet discovered the preferred means of communications among the alien civilizations Type 2 and type 3.
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What do you think about these UFO’s movements!?
What do you think about these UFO’s movements!?
This UFO video was just posted on Reddit recently. It shows a satellite flying across the sky and around it a really fast unidentified flying object. Filmed with 14 inch dobsonian sky watcher telescope (400mm/1900mm).
What do you think about this UFO sighting? Please leave a comment bellow!
"It's not an airplane, what is this? There is three of them?," the fighter pilot radioed to the control tower.
"There's even more."
He continued: "Look! One passed over here, radial 100 to 150, right in front of Mike-Bravo-Zulu. Got it? The guy is after it."
Moment of Contact includes the famous encounter along with other Brazilian UFO incidents - focused on an alleged crash in Varginha.
It is claimed in 1996 a number of locals in town witnessed the crash and encountered a 4ft tall alien creature with brown oily skin and huge red eyes.
Brazil appears to have had a rich history of UFO encounters - including a saucer-shaped object allegedly being photographed in January 1958.
The pictures were reportedly taken by crewman Almiro Baraúna from navy training ship Almirante Saldanha sailing near Trindade Island in the Atlantic.
Photos appear to show the the shape - which appears to be flying saucer - moving over the sea.
US investigators deemed the photos to be a hoax as part of controversial study Project Blue Book.
The Night of the UFOs however stands out due to the scale of the encounter and the number and the quality of the witnesses.
It was even addressed at a press conference in which pilots admitted they had no idea what they had witnessed.
Whether they were trying to interact with me, I don't know. What I do know is that they behaved intelligently
Sergeant Sergio Mota Da Silva
"Our goal was precisely to approach and identify," said air force pilot Lt. Kleber Caldas Marinho.
"But we couldn't even get close, much less identify."
He described closing in on the target "which stopped moving towards me and started to climb".
"I kept following the contact until about 30,000 feet, when I lost radar contact and was left with just visual contact," he said.
The incident on May 19, 1986, saw UFOs of up to 100 metres in diameter spotted by civilian and military witnesses in four states: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Goiá.
It is even discussed by the Brazilian government and was the centrepiece was a new hearing on UFOs held by Brazil in June.
Pilots found themselves looking at objects in front of them that didn’t appear on their aircraft radars – and sometimes the other way around - as the objects played "cat and mouse" with them.
Photos taken from a Brazilian vessel in 1958 allegedly showing a UFO
The saucer-shaped object was snapped by Almiro Baraúna
The images were quickly dismissed by US investigators as a 'hoax'
The first signs of anything unusual were reported by Brazilian air force air traffic controller, Sergeant Sergio Mota da Silva.
He spotted a light in the sky from the control tower of an airport near the city of Sao Paulo.
“It doesn't go up or down, it doesn't go to the left or to the right, it's just standing there”, he said
Mota asked controllers at Sao Paolo’s international airport if any planes were heading to his airfield, to which they replied there weren’t.
At one point he said he dimmed the lights on the airport's runway, making the objects come towards the control tower and then, when he turned up the brightness, they moved away.
"Whether they were trying to interact with me, I don't know. What I do know is that they behaved intelligently," he told the BBC.
Around 8pm around 2000 cadets and officers from an air force training school in the same area, reported spotted the lights.
Then an hour later, a plane piloted by the president of aircraft maker Embraer reported several objects in the sky as it landed at the same airport.
The lights in the sky were also seen from two passenger planes, including one travelling in the interior of Brazil.
The air force then swung into action and scrambled its fighters to intercept the objects – but it was not a simple task as the pilots found themselves disoriented by what was happening.
"Sometimes, the pilots had visual contact with the targets, but the radars did not register anything,” said Mota.
“Other times, the radars even picked up the presence of objects, but the pilots could not see them.”
Initially three planes were sent up, including a Mirage F-103, which took off at just before 11pm with Captain Armindo Sousa Viriato at the controls.
Soon his high performance warplane hit 1,000mph but as he closed in on the UFO, it accelerated to a speed he calculated as 15 times the speed of sound, or 11,500mph.
Captain Armindo Sousa Viriato said one of the objects was travelling at 11,500mphCredit: BBC
"If there is a plane that can develop that speed, I don't know of it," he said in an interview a few years later.
Meanwhile, the incredible events taking place in the sky had not gone unnoticed on the ground.
Photographer Adenir Britto was working the night shift in the office of his newspaper when he got a tip off that there was a "flying saucer" over head.
Initially assuming to be a prank, he went outside with a reporter and to his amazement saw the objects and began shooting.
“It was a unique experience in my career. I never saw anything like it again," he said.
"Until then, I didn't care whether or not I believed in UFOs.
"But I came to have a different view of this mysterious world. There was no way I could not change my opinion, after all I had the privilege of being an eyewitness and photographic witness."
In a further twist, two air force officers accompanied by the American UFO researcher James J. Hurtak, turned up at the newspaper about a month later.
They demanded the editor showed them the negatives of the photos on the pretext they wanted them to be analysed by NASA. They have have never been seen since
The incredible events soon seeped out and began to receive extensive coverage in the media.
That prompted air force minister Brigadier Octávio Júlio Moreira Lima to hold an unprecedented press conference at which the pilots described what happened.
"I was warned by ground control there were several contacts ahead of me approximately thirty kilometers away," said one.
“I was also warned that contacts were approaching from behind and they came on until they were three kilometres behind me. I had to dive and as I did, the contacts started to climb.”
Ground controllers told another pilot that thirteen UFOs were pursuing him, six on one side of him and seven on the other, another said.
But Octávio Moreira Lima was forced to admit: "We have no explanation.”
A 2009 an air force report into the 'Night of the UFOs' concluded that its top brass “are of the opinion that the phenomena are solid and reflect, in a certain way, intelligence”.
This was due “to the ability to follow and maintain a distance from observers, as well as to fly in formation”.
Moment of Contact is out now and available to watch on Amazon Prime, AppleTV, Google Play and more.
Photographer Adenir Britto captured this image of the objects in the sky
Credit: BBC
Another one Britto's picturesCredit: Governo Do Brazil
Br{azilian fighter pilots UFO case: Cockpit audio from an alleged UFO encounter has been released
Brazilian fighter pilots UFO case: Cockpit audio from an alleged UFO encounter has been released
According to a report by The Sun, a group of Brazilian fighter pilots were able to chase down several unidentified objects flying in the sky in 1996.
James Fox’s new film “Moment of Contact” features cockpit audio from the incident that happened in the plane. The director released a clip of the wild exchange.
One of the pilots reportedly exclaimed, “It’s not an airplane!” as he and his companions saw multiple objects flying in the sky.
It should be noted that this incident, which took place in Brazil, isn’t a crackpot conspiracy theory. It’s actually quite common for paranormal encounters to happen.
The Brazilian military confirmed that there was an exchange between pilots and an unidentified aircraft in the sky. However, according to The Sun, the photo taken from the water looks incredibly fake.
The audio of the cockpit voice raises a lot of questions. What was in the sky that the pilots didn’t see?
Since the public has not been informed about what the object was, it’s unlikely that we’ll ever know what it was. Also, aliens aren’t exactly little green creatures. As for UFOs, there is currently no proof that they are flying around the sky in the form of green aliens.
There have been many unexplainable events. The government has claimed that the objects were Chinese drones, but it’s not clear if this is the case.
The public’s interest in the UFO and UAP phenomena has never been higher. As more information about these phenomena is revealed, more questions will be asked.
One of the pilots excitedly stated, “It’s not an airplane” as they witnessed multiple objects in the sky. You can check out the brief audio clip below. It’s nutty.
It’s worth noting that this incident in 1996 in Brazil isn’t some crackpot conspiracy idea, which happens all the time with the paranormal.
The Brazilian military confirmed there was some kind of exchange in the sky with unknown craft.
Eureka! A Parallel Universe Discovered Sitting In Plain Sight
Many theoretical physicists hypothesize the fact that tiny particles like electrons and photons don’t have one set place in the universe is evidence that there are many parallel universes. But we don’t have any conclusive evidence of the multiverse… Or, do we? The answer might be staring at us all this while in plain sight.
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We Keep Finding Very Strange Things from Our Past!
Our history books have had their day! Archaeologists keep coming across inexplicable artifacts that shake the official picture of human development to its foundations… or has your history teacher never told you something about antique flying machines or ancient laptops? Well, listen up and dive into the greatest mysteries of the past with us!
The truth isn’t out just yet, but UFO enthusiasts shouldn’t get their hopes up that those “unidentified aerial phenomena” (UAP) – long known as UFOs – are of extraterrestrial origin. A declassified version of the latest U.S. defense-intelligence report is expected to be released to the public this month, but the government’s official conclusions are that any of the unexplained sightings are likely a mix of foreign surveillance, includingdrones, and airborne clutter such as weather balloons.
Such conclusions aren’t all that different from the June 2021 Preliminary Assessment: Unidentified Aerial Phenomena, released by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). It noted that UAP probably lacks a single explanation, and suggested that when individual UAP incidents are resolved these would fall into one of five potential explanatory categories: airborne clutter, natural atmospheric phenomena, USG or industry developmental programs, foreign adversary systems, and a catchall “other” bin.
“There is no single explanation that addresses the majority of UAP reports,” U.S. Defense Department spokesperson Sue Gough said via a statement. “We are collecting as much data as we can, following the data where it leads, and will share our findings whenever possible.”
WHAT IS OTHER?
Four of the categories are straightforward – and clutter could include birds, balloons, drones, or even plastic bags caught in the wind; and natural phenomena could be something as simple as ice crystals and moisture that may register on some infrared and radar systems; while UAPs could also include classified programs by the U.S. government, as well as technologies from China or Russia. The issue is still what is meant by “other.”
That could certainly give those who “look to the skies” further ammunition that the government isn’t being so transparent.
The ODNI Preliminary Assessment only stated, “Although most of the UAP described in our dataset probably remain unidentified due to limited data or challenges to collection processing or analysis, we may require additional scientific knowledge to successfully collect on, analyze and characterize some of them. We would group such objects in this category pending scientific advances that allowed us to better understand them. The UAPTF intends to focus additional analysis on the small number of cases where a UAP appeared to display unusual flight characteristics or signature management.”
It sounds much like what the late Donald Rumsfeld, former secretary of defense, said while defending the Bush Administration’s decision to go into Iraq, namely, “There are things that we know we don’t know.”
THE FINAL WORD – PROBABLY NOT
There aren’t likely to be any answers that satisfy everyone’s curiosity on the matter, especially given the number of UAPs. It was in May of this year, that senior defense intelligence officials told members of Congress that the number of UAPs cataloged by the Pentagon’s newly formed task force had grown to 400. Only about half of the cases could be explained.
Though the officials said the analysis lacked the evidence suggesting any of the sightings were actually of alien spacecraft, most UAP reports will likely remain unresolved. This includes objects reportedly observed by Navy pilots that exhibited speed and maneuverability exceeding known aviation technology and lacking any visible means of propulsion. In other cases, some of the objects lacked traditional flight control surfaces.
“In many cases, observed phenomena are classified as ‘unidentified’ simply because sensors were not able to collect enough information to make a positive attribution,” Gough added. “We are working to mitigate these shortfalls for the future and to ensure we have sufficient data for our analysis.”
PROJECT BLUE BOOK
Between March 1952 and December 1969, the United States Air Force conducted a systematic study of UFOs as part of its “Project Blue Book,” which was headquartered at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, and initially directed by Captain Edward J. Ruppelt. It followed projects of a similar nature including Project Sign, established in 1947, and Project Grudge in 1948.
Project Blue Book had two goals, namely, to determine if UFOs were a threat to national security, and to scientifically analyze UFO-related data. By the time it was ended, it had collected 12,618 UFO reports, and concluded that most of them were misidentifications of natural phenomena – including clouds and stars – or conventional aircraft. Ruppelt, who has been widely regarded as an effective and objective investigator-manager, was reported to be genuinely perplexed by the UFO phenomenon.
He is also generally credited with coining the term “Unidentified Flying Objects.”
In his 1956 book, titled The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects, Ruppelt explained that the Air Force had two bitterly divided factions. There were those who believed such UFOs were alien in nature, while others were far more skeptical. Those in the former camp even included generals and top-grade civilians, and their views were backed up by some civilian scientists of the era.
The pending report is unlikely to change any minds, especially as it lacks any final conclusion. The truth may be out there, but an absolute explanation won’t likely be in the report.
Scientists have just witnessed Titan's astonishing surface for the first time
Scientists have just witnessed Titan's astonishing surface for the first time
The largest moon of Saturn is an unique habitat in our Solar System. It appears to be a world different from our own, with its methane-filled lakes, freezing volcanoes, and underground tunnels. However, Titan's first geomorphological map demonstrates that, while its landscape is spectacular and diverse, these elements actually make it surprisingly similar to Earth.
Titan is the only other body in the Solar System known to have stable liquid on its surface except Earth. Titan's lakes, rivers, and seas, on the other hand, are made of the liquid methane and ethane that rains down from its clouds. Titan is also the only moon with a considerable atmosphere and dense enough air to allow a person to walk over its harsh terrain without a spacesuit (though you'd have some additional problems to cope with, what with the methane rain and lakes...).
Titan's liquid is very exciting for another reason: the moon may harbour life in the layer of water that runs beneath its frozen surface.
This new map points out the countless lakes, dunes, craters, and plains. According to the report, these various traits may have arisen as a result of the same geological process that occurred on Earth.
Titan's lakes, dunes, and flat plains are depicted in unparalleled detail in the first geological depiction of the planet. NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU "Despite the differences in materials, temperatures, and gravity fields between Earth and Titan, many surface features are similar and can be interpreted as products of the same geologic processes," Rosaly Lopes, a planetary geologist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, and lead author of the new study, said in a statement.
The map was built using data from NASA's Cassini spacecraft. Cassini was launched on October 15, 1997, to research Saturn and its moons, and it performed 120 flybys of Titan.
On September 15, 2017, the spacecraft crashed into Saturn's atmosphere, effectively terminating its 20-year mission.
Cassini employed radar imaging to peer through Titan's dense atmosphere of methane and nitrogen, as well as infrared equipment to see the planet's bigger geological formations.
“The Cassini mission revealed that Titan is a geologically active world, where hydrocarbons like methane and ethane take the role that water has on Earth,” David Williams, associate research professor at Arizona State University and a co-author on the study, said in a statement. “These hydrocarbons rain down on the surface, flow in streams and rivers, accumulate in lakes and seas, and evaporate into the atmosphere. It’s quite an astounding world!”
NASA thinks that by taking advantage of Titan's rich atmosphere and low gravity, its craft Dragonfly will be able to explore dozens of spots throughout the frozen globe – and maybe discover signs of life.
NASA/JHU-APL
In the year 2026, NASA is planning an expedition to better investigate this unique world. The Dragonfly mission will collect and return samples from the frozen moon to Earth. It is also hoped that traces of life may be discovered, which could be the first indication that humans are not as cosmologically unique as we believe.
Multiverse: Astronomers have possibly found evidence for infinite number of parallel universes
Multiverse: Astronomers have possibly found evidence for infinite number of parallel universes
Astronomers refer to it as the multiverse. There are multiple universes in this one. Physicists define more than one as an infinite number. These innumerable universes coexist in higher levels that our senses are incapable of directly experiencing.
Nonetheless, astronomers and cosmologists appear to be increasingly using the multiverse to explain baffling observations.
The stakes are really high. Each alternate universe has an own version of reality. There will be one in which you wrote this column and I read it; another in which the Guardian is an alt-right propaganda rag; and yet another in which Donald Trump uses Twitter to distribute only adorable cat videos.
The latest piece of evidence supporting a multiverse comes from the Royal Astronomical Society in the United Kingdom. They recently published a study on the "cold spot." This is an extremely chilly area of space detected in the radiation produced by the Universe's birth around 13 billion years ago.
The cold spot was discovered in 2004 by NASA's WMAP satellite and verified in 2013 by ESA's Planck spacecraft. It's quite perplexing. Most astronomers and cosmologists feel it is exceedingly improbable to have been formed during the creation of the universe since it is mathematically difficult to explain using the prevailing explanation, known as inflation.
This new study claims to rule out a more mundane explanation: that the chilly region is an optical illusion caused by a lack of adjacent galaxies.
One of the study’s authors, Professor Tom Shanks of Durham University, told the RAS, “We can’t entirely rule out that the Spot is caused by an unlikely fluctuation explained by the standard [theory of the Big Bang]. But if that isn’t the answer, then there are more exotic explanations. Perhaps the most exciting of these is that the Cold Spot was caused by a collision between our universe and another bubble universe. If further, more detailed, analysis … proves this to be the case then the Cold Spot might be taken as the first evidence for the multiverse.”
That's some serious thinking. But, if there is a multiverse, scientists must recognize that the ultimate goal of physics - explaining why our universe is the way it is - may be permanently out of grasp.
Physics' ultimate goal has been to explain why our cosmos takes the shape it does. This requires explaining why certain fundamental quantities have the values that they do. For example, the speed of light, the mass of an electron, and the gravitational interaction strength.
However, if there is a multiverse, that quest may be doomed to failure.
As there are an endless number of universes that are similar but somewhat different (such as the one in which you wrote this column rather than me), there will also be an infinite number in which the basic principles of physics are different.
As a result, every potential physics combination is tested across the multiverse. Inevitably, by pure chance, at least one will have the conditions we see around us now. It's just a huge old accident, which doesn't seem very rewarding.
Ironically, one of the most ardent opponents of the multiverse idea is one of its original founders. Princeton University's Paul Steinhardt contributed to the development of inflation, the theory of the start of our world. It's the one who can't explain the cold spot while still giving rise to the multiverse since, according to its arithmetic, once a universe begins to form, it causes more to form indefinitely.
However, Steinhardt rejected his own theory.
In 2014, he told Scientific American magazine, “Our observable universe would be just one possibility out of a continuous spectrum of outcomes. So, we have not explained any feature of the universe by introducing inflation after all. We have just shifted the problem of the original big bang model (how can we explain our simple universe when there is a nearly infinite variety of possibilities that could emerge from the big bang?) to the inflationary model (how can we explain our simple universe when there is a nearly infinite variety of possibilities that could emerge in a multiverse?).”
To put it another way, a multiverse does not sound appealing. It would go right to the heart of physics' purpose. Nature, of course, is unconcerned about this. Perhaps the universe really is this way, and we just have to accept it. Certainly, many people are willing to defend the multiverse as a credible line of thought.
If we truly live in a multiverse, we may rest confident that there is an alternate version of you and me out there who has already figured all of this out (and won a Nobel prize for the effort).
Kepler-1229b is a planet 2.7 times the mass of Earth in the habitable zone of a red star. Studies indicate that zodiacal light might be visible from its surface, creating a red, almost lavalike glow in the night sky.
SHAO/Yue Xu
One of the most coveted sights for skygazers is the zodiacal light, a tall cone of whitish light that climbs the mid-latitude sky before dawn in autumn and at twilight in the spring. The light comes from the Sun glinting off dust particles in the solar system and the dust, it seems, originates from comets and possibly even from Mars.
It turns out that anyone looking up on some exoplanets could see their own zodiacal light as well.
In excess
In research presented at the virtual 239th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society last week, Jian Ge of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory and Chinese Academy of Sciences — whose team included three high school students — described other solar systems where data suggest there exist debris disks that could give rise to otherworldly zodiacal light.
Ge worked with Chinese and American colleagues, including high schoolers Larry Ge, Amanda Hao, and Justin Hou. They gathered information from a number of sources, including the Kepler space telescope, the former Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer space telescope, the Gaia mission. The team looked at three worlds: the super-Earths Kepler-69c, Kepler-1229b, and Kepler-395c, all of which may be habitable. They sleuthed a variety of infrared data, searching for “extra” emission in the infrared portion of the spectrum. This excess is indicative of solar system dust and debris absorbing light and re-radiating it at longer wavelengths.
What’s more, they found dust as hot as 260 degrees Fahrenheit (127 degrees Celsius). Based on the similar temperature of our solar system’s own zodiacal dust, this suggests dust lurking close to at least two of the planets.
On Kepler-69c, a super-Earth 2.1 times the mass of our planet with a Venus-like atmosphere, the zodiacal light might appear as a narrow, bright band of white light.
SHAO/Yue Xu
Details in the dust
The team’s illustrations portray a poetic sense of the possible views. On both Kepler-1229b and Kepler-395c, red host stars would render an almost volcanic-looking zodiacal light. On Kepler-69c, the planet’s venusian environment might turn its zodiacal light into a white searchlight in a dark muted sky.
These results are not just aesthetic. The presence of dust suggests there could be — especially in the two younger systems — active formation of small objects like moons and minor planets. The prospect can help foster future research into how such smaller objects can both collide into and stabilize exoplanets.
“Younger planet systems experience more activities (such as comet activities and asteroid collisions),” Ge told Astronomy. But “we cannot rule out that some old systems experience occasional activities.” For example, the oldest system, Kepler-69, might have been experiencing increased activity — such as collisions or cometary activity — close to the star while Kepler was observing it, Ge says.
As to anyone — or anything — actually looking up from those planets to see the zodiacal light, well, theoretically it’s possible.
Although Ge says astronomers have previously found debris disks around other systems, none of them were considered habitable. “Our work is the first-ever on zodiacal light and debris disks around habitable planet systems,” Ge says.
So, the next time you’re hunting for the zodiacal light here on Earth, perhaps you can stretch your imagination to some other worlds where eyes are also looking.
'Giant arc' stretching 3.3 billion light-years across the cosmos shouldn't exist
'Giant arc' stretching 3.3 billion light-years across the cosmos shouldn't exist
A newly discovered crescent of galaxies spanning 3.3 billion light-years is one of the world’s largest known structures, challenging some of astronomers’ most fundamental assumptions about the universe.
The epic arrangement known as the Giant Arc is made up of galaxies, galaxy clusters, and a lot of gas and dust. It is located 9.2 billion light-years away and stretches across roughly a 15th of the observable universe.
Its discovery was “serendipitous,” according to Alexia Lopez, a doctoral candidate in cosmology at the University of Central Lancashire (UCLan) in the United Kingdom. Lopez was creating maps of things in the night sky using light from approximately 120,000 quasars, which are distant brilliant cores of galaxies where supermassive black holes consume material and produce energy.
As this light passes through matter between us and the quasars, it is absorbed by various components, leaving telltale traces that can provide important information to researchers. In particular, Lopez used marks left by magnesium to determine the distance to the intervening gas and dust, as well as the material’s position in the night sky
The Giant Arc. Grey regions show areas that absorb magnesium, which reveals the distribution of galaxies and galaxy clusters. The blue dots are background quasars, sometimes known as spotlights.
(Image credit: Alexia Lopez/UCLan)
In this way, the quasars act “like spotlights in a dark room, illuminating this intervening matter,” Lopez said. A structure began to develop in the midst of the cosmic maps. “It was sort of a hint of a big arc,” Lopez said. “I remember going to Roger [Clowes] and saying ‘Oh, look at this.'”
Clowes, her doctoral adviser at UCLan, suggested further investigation to guarantee it wasn’t an accident or a data trick. After doing two different statistical tests, the researchers determined that there was less than a 0.0003% probability that the Giant Arc wasn’t real. They presented their findings at the American Astronomical Society’s 238th virtual meeting
The structure of the Giant Arc is shown in grey, with nearby quasars superimposed in blue. There is a tentative relationship between these two datasets.
(Image credit: Alexia Lopez/UCLan.
But the finding, which will take its place in the list of the biggest things in the cosmos, undermines a bedrock expectation about the universe. Astronomers have long held to the cosmological principle, which holds that matter is more or less evenly distributed throughout space at the largest scales.
The Giant Arc is greater than other large buildings like the Sloan Great Wall and the South Pole Wall, both of which are dwarfed by even larger cosmic features. “There have been a number of large-scale structures discovered over the years,” Clowes told Live Science. “They’re so large, you wonder if they’re compatible with the cosmological principle.”
The fact that such massive entities have gathered in particular places of the universe suggests that matter may not have been distributed evenly throughout the universe. However, Lopez added, the current standard model of the cosmos is based on the cosmological principle.
“If we’re finding it not to be true, maybe we need to start looking at a different set of theories or rules.”
Lopez doesn’t know what those theories would look like, though she mentioned the idea of modifying how gravity works on the largest scales, a possibility that has been popular with a small but loud contingent of scientists in recent years.
The South Pole Wall’s founder, Daniel Pomarède, a cosmographer at Paris-Saclay University in France, agreed that the cosmological principle should put a theoretical limit on the size of cosmic things.
Some research has suggested that structures should reach a certain size and then be unable to get larger, Pomarède told Live Science. “Instead, we keep finding these bigger and bigger structures.”
Yet he isn’t quite ready to toss out the cosmological principle, which has been used in models of the universe for about a century.
“It would be very bold to say that it will be replaced by something else,” he said.
Alongside advances in space exploration, we've recently seen much time and money invested into technologies that could allow effective space resource utilization. And at the forefront of these efforts has been a laser-sharp focus on finding the best way to produce oxygen on the Moon.
In October, the Australian Space Agency and NASA signed a deal to send an Australian-made rover to the Moon under the Artemis program, with a goal to collect lunar rocks that could ultimately provide breathable oxygen on the Moon.
Although the Moon does have an atmosphere, it's very thin and composed mostly of hydrogen, neon, and argon. It's not the sort of gaseous mixture that could sustain oxygen-dependent mammals such as humans.
That said, there is actually plenty of oxygen on the Moon. It just isn't in a gaseous form. Instead it's trapped inside regolith – the layer of rock and fine dust that covers the Moon's surface.
If we could extract oxygen from regolith, would it be enough to support human life on the Moon?
The breadth of oxygen
Oxygen can be found in many of the minerals in the ground around us. And the Moon is mostly made of the same rocks you'll find on Earth (although with a slightly greater amount of material that came from meteors).
Minerals such as silica, aluminum, and iron and magnesium oxides dominate the Moon's landscape. All of these minerals contain oxygen, but not in a form our lungs can access.
On the Moon these minerals exist in a few different forms including hard rock, dust, gravel, and stones covering the surface. This material was resulted from the impacts of meteorites crashing into the lunar surface over countless millennia.
Some people call the Moon's surface layer lunar "soil", but as a soil scientist I'm hesitant to use this term. Soil as we know it is pretty magical stuff that only occurs on Earth. It has been created by a vast array of organisms working on the soil's parent material – regolith, derived from hard rock – over millions of years.
The result is a matrix of minerals which were not present in the original rocks. Earth's soil is imbued with remarkable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Meanwhile, the materials on the Moon's surface is basically regolith in its original, untouched form.-
One substance goes in, two come out
The Moon's regolith is made up of approximately 45 percent oxygen. But that oxygen is tightly bound into the minerals mentioned above. In order to break apart those strong bonds, we need to put in energy.
You might be familiar with this if you know about electrolysis. On Earth this process is commonly used in manufacturing, such as to produce aluminum. An electrical current is passed through a liquid form of aluminum oxide (commonly called alumina) via electrodes, to separate the aluminum from the oxygen.
In this case, the oxygen is produced as a byproduct. On the Moon, the oxygen would be the main product and the aluminum (or other metal) extracted would be a potentially useful byproduct.
It's a pretty straightforward process, but there is a catch: it's very energy hungry. To be sustainable, it would need to be supported by solar energy or other energy sources available on the Moon.
Extracting oxygen from regolith would also require substantial industrial equipment. We'd need to first convert solid metal oxide into liquid form, either by applying heat, or heat combined with solvents or electrolytes.
We have the technology to do this on Earth, but moving this apparatus to the Moon – and generating enough energy to run it – will be a mighty challenge.
Earlier this year, Belgium-based startup Space Applications Services announced it was building three experimental reactors to improve the process of making oxygen via electrolysis. They expect to send the technology to the Moon by 2025 as part of the European Space Agency's in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) mission.
How much oxygen could the Moon provide?
That said, when we do manage to pull it off, how much oxygen might the Moon actually deliver? Well, quite a lot as it turns out.
If we ignore oxygen tied up in the Moon's deeper hard rock material – and just consider regolith which is easily accessible on the surface – we can come up with some estimates.
Each cubic meter of lunar regolith contains 1.4 tonnes of minerals on average, including about 630 kilograms of oxygen. NASA says humans need to breathe about 800 grams of oxygen a day to survive. So 630 kg oxygen would keep a person alive for about two years (or just over).
Now let's assume the average depth of regolith on the Moon is about 10 meters, and that we can extract all of the oxygen from this. That means the top 10 meters of the Moon's surface would provide enough oxygen to support all 8 billion people on Earth for somewhere around 100,000 years.
This would also depend on how effectively we managed to extract and use the oxygen. Regardless, this figure is pretty amazing!
Having said that, we do have it pretty good here on Earth. And we should do everything we can to protect the blue planet – and its soil in particular – which continues to support all terrestrial life without us even trying.
The Moon Has Enough Oxygen to Sustain 8 Billion People For 100,000 Years
The Moon Has Enough Oxygen to Sustain 8 Billion People For 100,000 Years
Although the Moon does have an atmosphere, it is very thin and mostly made of hydrogen, neon, and argon. This is not a gaseous combination capable of supporting oxygen-dependent animals such as humans.
On the Moon, there is an abundance of oxygen. It is just not in a gaseous state. Rather than that, it is trapped inside regolith — the lunar surface's covering of rock and fine dust. Would oxygen extracted from regolith be sufficient to sustain human life on the Moon?
Oxygen is present in a wide variety of minerals found in the earth around us. Additionally, the Moon is composed mostly of the same materials found on Earth (although with a slightly greater amount of material that came from meteors).
The Moon's surface is dominated by minerals such as silica, aluminum, iron, and magnesium oxides. All of these minerals include oxygen, but in an inaccessible form to our lungs.
These minerals occur in a variety of forms on the Moon, including hard rock, dust, gravel, and stones that blanket the surface. This substance is the consequence of countless millennia of meteorites colliding with the lunar surface.
The regolith of the Moon is composed of around 45 percent oxygen. However, that oxygen is inextricably linked to the minerals listed above. To dismantle such tenacious relationships, we must invest energy.
If you are acquainted with electrolysis, you may be familiar with this. This procedure is often used in manufacturing on Earth, for example, to manufacture aluminum. To separate the aluminum from the oxygen, an electrical current is conducted through a liquid form of aluminum oxide (usually termed alumina) through electrodes.
As a byproduct, oxygen is created in this situation. On the Moon, the primary product would be oxygen, but aluminum (or other metal) would be a potentially valuable byproduct.
It's a rather basic operation, but there is a catch: it consumes a lot of energy. To be sustainable, it would need to be powered by solar energy or other Moon-based energy sources.
Earlier this year, Belgian firm Space Applications Services announced the construction of three experimental reactors to enhance the electrolysis process for producing oxygen. They want to launch the device to the Moon in 2025 as part of the European Space Agency's in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) program.
Having said that, how much oxygen may the Moon supply if we succeed? As it turns out, quite a bit.
We can make some estimations if we disregard oxygen trapped in the Moon's subsurface hard rock material and focus only on the regolith that is readily accessible on the surface.
Lunar regolith includes an average of 1.4 tonnes of minerals, including around 630 kilos of oxygen per cubic metre (35 sq ft). According to NASA, people need around 800 grams of oxygen every day to exist. Thus, 630 kg of oxygen would sustain a human for around two years (or just over).
Assume now that the average depth of regolith on the Moon is around 10 meters and that we can extract all of the oxygen from it. That indicates that the top ten meters of the Moon's surface would contain enough oxygen to sustain the Earth's eight billion people for around 100,000 years.
This would also rely on our ability to collect and use oxygen properly. Regardless, this figurine is rather incredible!
Having said that, we on Earth really have it pretty well. And we should do everything possible to conserve the blue world — particularly its soil — which sustains all terrestrial life without our intervention.
Secret unmanned US spaceship causes chaos as it lands in Florida - after almost THREE YEARS circling earth - with locals fearing it was a UFO streaking through the sky... as sonic boom rocked houses
Secret unmanned US spaceship causes chaos as it lands in Florida - after almost THREE YEARS circling earth - with locals fearing it was a UFO streaking through the sky... as sonic boom rocked houses
Central Florida residents received quite the scare on Saturday around 5.15am when the X-37B spaceship deorbited, causing a sonic boom
Many said they were woken up by the boom and that houses rattled from it
'Woke me up, thought something hit the house,' a Twitter user said
The Space Force later confirmed the X-37B had successfully landed at 5.22am after being in orbit for 908 days
The unmanned ship is used to conduct experiments in space, including crop production and harnessing solar rays to be used as energy on Earth
A secret, unmanned US Space Force X-37B ship landed early on Saturday after spending a record 908 days in orbit, causing Florida residents to fear it was a UFO after hearing sonic booms.
The solar-powered vehicle, which looks like a miniature space shuttle, landed at NASA's Kennedy Space Center around 5.15am on Saturday afterlaunching in May 2020 on its sixth mission. Its previous mission lasted 780 days.
Its unexpected return left some Central Floridians fearing for their life as a loud sonic boom sounded in the early morning hours and houses shook when the spacecraft returned to earth.
The boom could be heard from Titusville to Kissimmee, according to Fox 29.
Twitter user Robert Haas, wrote: 'Woke me up, thought something hit the house, Facebook and Twitter seem to confirm it was what I thought, sonic boom seems likely.'
Another wrote: 'I heard a triple boom at 5.15am in Haines City, FL. I thought someone jumped on my roof!'
A secret, unmanned US Space Force X-37B ship landed early on Saturday after spending a record 908 days in orbit
The solar-powered vehicle, which looks like a miniature space shuttle, landed at NASA's Kennedy Space Center around 5.15am, unexpected to Central Florida residents
'Just woke up to a sonic boom shaking the house. I’m seeing reports from Tampa to Titusville. What the hell just flew across Florida? Was there a launch?,' another user wrote.
'Just heard a sonic boom in the Orlando area. No launch scheduled right now,' Matt Collins wrote.
Sophie Sanchez claimed she 'saw' the rocket landing near the Cape early in the morning and said 'everyone on the road hit their brakes.'
'When I saw [it, I don't know] what streaked overhead. Meteor? UFO?' she had wondered.
Another shared a US Fish and Wildlife Services notification claiming Merritt Island would be closed due to 'operations NASA.'
It was later confirmed by the Space Force that the spacecraft had successfully deorbited at 5.22am.
While on its nearly three-year journey, the spacecraft - for the first time - hosted a service module that carried experiments for the Naval Research Laboratory, US Air Force Academy, and others. The module separated from the vehicle before de-orbiting to ensure a safe landing.
Among the experiments was a satellite dubbed the FalconSat-8 that was designed and built by academy cadets in partnership with the Air Force Research Laboratory. It was deployed in October 2021 and still remains in orbit.
Another experiment evaluated the effects of long-duration space exposure on seeds.
'The seeds experiment will inform space crop production for future interplanetary missions and the establishment of permanently inhabited bases in space,' the military reported.
Naval Research Laboratory's experiment 'successfully harnessed solar rays outside of Earth's atmosphere and aimed to transmit power to the ground in the form of radio frequency microwave energy,' according to Space Force.
'This mission highlights the Space Force's focus on collaboration in space exploration and expanding low-cost access to space for our partners, within and outside of the Department of the Air Force,' said Gen. Chance Saltzman, Chief of Space Operations.
'Since the X-37B's first launch in 2010, it has shattered records and provided our nation with an unrivaled capability to rapidly test and integrate new space technologies,' said Jim Chilton, a senior vice president for Boeing, its developer.
Many were woken up by the sonic booms and took to social media to wonder what it was
The ship is powered by solar cells with lithium-ion batteries, the plane was orbiting at around 200 miles high.
The first mission in 2010 lasted 224 days, the second a year later went on for 468 days and the mission that ended in 2019 lasted a total of 780 days.
The X-37Be has now flown over 1.3billion miles and spent a total of 3,774 days in space.
The Air Force is usually very secretive about what the spacecraft takes to orbit with, but made an exception in its last mission.
The military group also shared some details of the craft's 2019 mission.
The group noted that the X-37B was carrying the Advanced Structurally Embedded Thermal Spreader built by the Air Force Research Laboratory.
According to the AFRL, the payload's three primary science objectives are to measure the initial on-orbit thermal performance, to measure long-duration thermal performance and to assess any lifetime degradation.
Another shared an FAA map, showing the spacecraft had landed in Central Florida
Five previous X-37B missions have been launched by United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 rockets.
Each time the unmanned space plane has carried a mystery payload on long-duration flights in Earth orbit.
'The many firsts on this mission make the upcoming OTV launch a milestone for the program,' Walden said at a previous launch.
'It is our goal to continue advancing the X-37B OTV so it can more fully support the growing space community.'
WHAT IS THE X-37B SPACE PLANE?
The U.S. Air Force's unmanned X-37B space plane looks similar to Nasa's space shuttle but is much smaller.
The space plane is 29 feet (8.8 metres) long, 9.6 feet (2.9 metres) tall and weighs around 11,000 lbs. (4,990 kilograms).
It is orbiting at around 200 miles (320 kilometres) high.
The U.S. Air Force's unmanned X-37B space plane looks similar to Nasa's space shuttle but is much smaller. The space plane is 29 feet (8.8 metres) long, 9.6 feet (2.9 metres) tall and weighs around 11,000 lbs. (4,990 kilograms)
Officials have revealed few details about the OTV-5 mission (the aircraft's fifth) but according to the Air Force, one on board OTV-5 payload is US thermal spreader which will test the longevity of electronics and heat pipes in the space environment.
The craft is powered by solar cells with lithium-ion batteries.
Four previous X-37B missions have been launched by United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 rockets.
Each time the unmanned space plane has carried a mystery payload on long-duration flights in Earth orbit.
Mysterious US Space Drone Returns to Earth After Record-Breaking Mission
Mysterious US Space Drone Returns to Earth After Record-Breaking Mission
A US military space drone landed at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Saturday after nearly two and a half years in orbit, Boeing said.
The unmanned X-37B shuttle, whose first flight took place in 2010, has now spent a total of more than 10 years in space and flown more than 1.3 billion miles during six missions, Boeingsaid in a statement.
"This mission highlights the Space Force's focus on collaboration in space exploration and expanding low-cost access to space for our partners, within and outside of the Department of the Air Force," said General Chance Saltzman, chief of space operations.
Launched in secrecy, the X-37B was designed for the Air Force by United Launch Alliance, a joint venture between Boeing and Lockheed Martin.
It is 30 feet (9 meters) long, has a 15-foot wingspan and is powered by solar panels.
Before the shuttle's last launch, in May 2020, the Pentagon evoked a series of scientific experiments it would undertake.
The mission was to test how certain materials react in space, to evaluate how ambient radiation in space affects a series of seeds, and to transform solar radiation into radio-electric energy, the army said.
The Milky Way Is MOVING Through The Universe At 2.1 MILLION Kilometers Per Hour
The Milky Way Is MOVING Through The Universe At 2.1 MILLION Kilometers Per Hour
Nothing is standing or stationary. As you are reading this, the Earth spins around its own axis; it revolves around the sun, the sun is moving through space at a stunning 792,000 km/h around the gigantic center, and our universe is moving at a mind-boggling 2.1 million kilometers per hour.
You may contemplate that as you are reading this, your body in a stationary position. But, everything inside the universe travels, from our planet (Earth) –which revolves on its axis at a speed of approximately 1700 km/h— to the solar system and even the Milky Way Galaxy.
All the planets in the solar system and their personal moons also travel through space. Actually, in order to retain a stable orbit, it is essential for Earth to move around 30 km/s. The innermost planets in our system, Mercury and Venus travel faster while planet Mars and the external planets of our solar system fly through space at a sluggish pace.
But think superior and bigger. Even yet the Sun is at the heart of our solar system, it is also travelling at an unbelievable speed through space.
If we consider even bigger, we will understand that even our gigantic Milky Way galaxy is in motion, and all continuing things that make up the universe such as stars, gas clouds, planets, black holes and even the mighty dark matter travel within the universe.
Just as Earth revolve around the Sun and our Sun revolves the galactic center –which from our vantage point is situated around 2500 light-years away— in an elliptic trajectory. It finishes a revolution every 225 million years roughly. This is known as a Galactic year.
It is predicted that since the Sun and Earth came into being, 20 galactic years have passed, which means that we ended 20 successful revolutions orbiting the galactic center. However, if we relate detailed human history to our movement through the universe, we would understand we hardly moved in our galactic path.
But what about the Speed? In order to finish a successful revolution around the galactic center, the Star (Sun) has to travel at a stunning speed of 792,000 km/h. Including Earth and all other objects in our complete solar system follow the sun at this obsessive speed.
In comparison, light-travels at a mesmerizing speed of 1.09 BILLION km/h.
Though, not only do moons, planets, and in this particular case, our sun travels through space, the galaxy also moves through space, pushed by the gravitation of other enormous objects in the universe.
As it turns out, our Galaxy is now being thrown, by other huge galaxies and clusters in the surrounding area — near a certain point in the universe.
But wait a minute, related to WHAT is we actually calculating the movement through the universe? Well, when arguing our speed around the Milky Way Galaxy, researchers are capable to measure it relative to the HEART of the Milky Way Galaxy.
However, the Milky Way Galaxy isn’t motionless or stationary, and it also moves through the universe. So is there anything to which its motion can be compared?
For a long period time, astronomers and scientists were not able to answer any questions like this. We can compare our galaxy’s speed with other galaxies, but all the other galaxies travel through the universe just as the Milky Way Galaxy does.
In order to answer this mystery, astronomers and scientists point towards the CBR (Cosmic Background Radiation) and the Big Bang.
As stated by NASA, The Big Bang theory guesses that the early universe was an extremely hot place and that as it grows; the gas within it gets cooler. Therefore the universe should be packed with radiation that is exactly the remnant heat left from the Big Bang, called the “Cosmic Microwave Background,” or CMB. The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation was produced 13.7 billion years ago.
Theoretically speaking, the CBR suggests experts with a frame of reference for the entire universe, compared to which we can determine and calculate our motion.
In order to get knowledge of how fast we’re travelling through the universe, astronomers need to take away the motion of planet Earth around the Sun and the Sun around the center of the Milky Way from the movement measured compared to the Cosmic Microwave Background (CBR).
This means that the Milky Way Galaxy is travelling through space at an amazing speed of 2.1 million km/h, in the direction of the constellations of Virgo and Leo; exactly where the so-called Great Attractor is situated.
New Observations Confirm That a Magnetar has a Solid Surface and No Atmosphere
An artist's impression of a magnetar, a highly magnetic, slowly rotating neutron star.
Credit: ESO/L. Calçada
New Observations Confirm That a Magnetar has a Solid Surface and No Atmosphere
Atmosphere
Can a star have a solid surface? It might sound counterintuitive. But human intuition is a response to our evolution on Earth, where up is up, down is down, and there are three states of matter. Intuition fails when it confronts the cosmos.
Magnetars are dead stars with intense magnetic fields, the most intense we know of. They’re a type of neutron star, the stellar remnants of a massive star that exploded as a supernova. Magnetars are not only highly magnetized compared to neutron stars, but they also rotate more slowly. While a magnetar might rotate once or twice every ten seconds, a neutron star can rotate as fast as ten times each second.
Magnetars are one of those cosmic objects that scientists deduced must have existed long before they found one. They were invoked to explain the existence of transient gamma-ray sources called soft gamma repeaters (SGRs.) The hypothesis is that as a magnetar’s intense magnetic field slowly decays, it will emit gamma rays and x-rays. It takes about 10,000 years for the field to decay. Now we know of at least 31 magnetars, and researchers calculate that there are about 30 million inactive magnetars in the Milky Way.
Magnetars emit powerful x-rays and undergo erratic bursts of activity. A magnetar’s bursts and flares can emit in a single second what our Sun needs an entire year to emit. The extreme magnetic fields are responsible for this behaviour, scientists think, and they can be up to one thousand times more powerful than the magnetic fields around neutron stars.
A new study says that one of these magnetars has a solid surface and no atmosphere. It’s called 4U 0142+61, and it’s about 13,000 light years away from Earth in the Cassiopeia constellation. The study is “Polarized x-rays from a magnetar,” and it’s published in the journal Science. The lead author is Dr. Roberto Taverna, from the University of Padova (Padua), Italy.
“The star’s gas has reached a tipping point and become solid in a similar way that water might turn to ice. This is a result of the star’s incredibly strong magnetic field.”
Co-lead author Professor Silvia Zane, UCL, IXPE science team member.
A spacecraft launched in December 2021 made this study possible. The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) is a joint mission between the Italian Space Agency and NASA. As the name makes clear, the spacecraft observes the polarisation of x-rays. Exotic objects like black holes, pulsars, neutron stars, and magnetars all have extreme environments that polarise x-rays. IXPE can observe these x-rays and provide insights into the objects and their environments. Understanding the exotic, powerful magnetic fields around magnetars is one of IXPE’s explicit objectives.
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket launches with NASA’s Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) spacecraft onboard from Launch Complex 39A, Thursday, Dec. 9, 2021, at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The IXPE spacecraft is the first satellite dedicated to measuring the polarization of X-rays from a variety of cosmic sources, such as black holes and neutron stars. The launch occurred at 1 a.m. EST. Credits: NASA/Joel Kowsky
As this study shows, it’s paying dividends.
This study marks the first time that scientists have observed polarised x-rays from a magnetar. IXPE observed the magnetar for a total of 840 kiloseconds (about 233 hours) in January and February of 2022. What did those observations show?
First, a bit about polarised light.
Most of the light we encounter is non-polarized. That means that as the light travels, it “vibrates” in multiple planes and travels outward in multiple directions. Sunlight, electric light, and a candle flame all emit non-polarized light.
Polarized light is light that vibrates in only one plane. You’ve probably worn polarized sunglasses at one time or another. They reduce glare by filtering out light vibrating on other planes and only allowing aligned light to reach your eyes.
Since light, including x-rays, is electromagnetic energy, extremely powerful magnetic fields around magnetars can polarise light. By measuring the degree of polarity, scientists can make deductions about the magnetic fields and the objects generating them. That’s at the heart of IXPE’s mission and at the heart of this study. IXPE has three identical imaging X-ray polarimetry systems that operate independently for redundancy. IXPE creates polarization maps that reveal the structure of the magnetic fields around objects like magnetars.
An artist’s rendition of the IXPE spacecraft. Image Credit: HEASARC (High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Center.)
As the paper’s one-sentence summary says, “The IXPE observation of 4U 0142+61 gives the first ever measurement of polarized emission from a magnetar in x-rays.”
The researchers found a much lower proportion of polarised light than there should be if the x-rays had passed through an atmosphere. An atmosphere around the magnetar would act like a filter and allow only one polarisation state of light to pass through.
The team also found that the wiggle, or angle of polarisation, flipped exactly 90 degrees for higher energies when compared to lower energies. Theoretical models of magnetars state that a solid surface surrounded by magnetic fields can produce these observations.
“The most exciting feature we could observe is the change in polarisation direction with energy, with the polarisation angle swinging by exactly 90 degrees,” said lead author Taverna. “This is in agreement with what theoretical models predict and confirms that magnetars are indeed endowed with ultra-strong magnetic fields.”
“This was completely unexpected,” said co-lead author Professor Silvia Zane (UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory) and a member of the IXPE science team. “I was convinced there would be an atmosphere. The star’s gas has reached a tipping point and become solid in a similar way that water might turn to ice. This is a result of the star’s incredibly strong magnetic field.”
“But, like with water, temperature is also a factor – a hotter gas will require a stronger magnetic field to become solid,” added Zane. “A next step is to observe hotter neutron stars with a similar magnetic field, to investigate how the interplay between temperature and magnetic field affects the properties of the star’s surface.”
Quantum theory plays a role in these findings. It predicts that when light is propagated in a highly magnetized environment, it’ll be polarized in two directions: parallel to the magnetic field lines and perpendicular to them. By observing both the polarity of the light and the amount of light, scientists can understand the structure of the magnetic field itself, which imprints itself on the light and on the physical state of the matter in the region of the magnetar. According to the study, this is the only way to access that information.
Magnetars can have complex magnetic fields, and IXPE is a powerful tool for observing them. IXPE creates polarization maps of objects like magnetars which is the only way to reveal their structure. This image is an artistic impression of a magnetar with a very complicated magnetic field at its interior and a simple small dipolar field outside. Credits: ESA – Author: Christophe Carreau
Professor Roberto Turolla from the University of Padova is another of the paper’s co-authors. In a press release, Turolla said, “The polarisation at low energies is telling us that the magnetic field is likely so strong to turn the atmosphere around the star into a solid or a liquid, a phenomenon known as magnetic condensation.”
Theory also predicts that this solid surface is made of ions held together in a lattice by magnetic fields. Rather than spherical like other atoms, these ones would be elongated due to the powerful magnetic force.
Scientists still debate whether or not magnetars and other neutron stars can even have atmospheres. There’s a ton of mystery surrounding these extreme objects and their confounding nature. But at least we know of one magnetar that has no atmosphere, or at least where a solid crust is a suitable explanation.
But the explanation still needs more scrutiny, say the authors.
“It is also worth noting that including quantum electrodynamics effects, as we did in our theoretical modelling, gives results compatible with the IXPE observation,” said co-author Professor Jeremy Heyl of the University of British Columbia. “Nevertheless, we are also investigating alternative models to explain the IXPE data, for which proper numerical simulations are still lacking.”
The Sun Could Hurl Powerful Storms at us from its Goofy Smile
NASA recently photographed the Sun "smiling"
(Credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center/Solar Dynamics Observatory)
The Sun Could Hurl Powerful Storms at us from its Goofy Smile
Our Sun is the very reason we’re alive. It provides warmth and the energy our planet needs to keep going. Now you can add photogenic to its illustrious résumé, as NASA recently photographed our giant ball of nuclear fusion doing something quite peculiar.
“Say cheese!” NASA Sun & Space (@NASASun) tweeted on October 26th. “Today, NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory caught the Sun “smiling.” Seen in ultraviolet light, these dark patches on the Sun are known as coronal holes and are regions where fast solar wind gushes out into space.” These dark patches are also known as sunspots, which can reach approximately 3600 degrees Celsius (6500 degrees Fahrenheit), and are responsible for radiation-filled solar flares that can wreak havoc on a planet.
This phenomena is also known as space weather, and thankfully, our own planet has a protective magnetic field that deflects the solar flares to both the north and south poles, resulting in the beautiful auroras seen by many. Even with this field, solar storms can sometimes be powerful enough to create chaos with both satellites and worldwide electrical grids, causing communication delays and even blackouts.
Solar weather and the Earth’s magnetic field. (Credit: NASA)
It turns out this isn’t the first time our Sun has made faces at us, as NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory, or SDO, imaged the Sun depicting a jack-o-lantern’s face back in October 2014, which made for a spooky pre-Halloween treat for astronomy lovers.
Sun photographed displaying a jack-o-lantern face in October 2014. (Credit: NASA/Solar Dynamics Observatory)
In terms of size, our Sun is approximately 100 times wider than the Earth, meaning dozens of Earths could snugly fit inside the Sun’s recent “smile”, which is a humble reminder that while our Sun is responsible for both life and displaying familiar surface features from time to time, it can also be responsible for immense death and destruction, as well.
Maybe our Sun smiling at us is a sign that it wants us to stick around for a while, but if we capture it giving us a frown, then maybe it’s time to panic.
Flashing Object Over Dunnellon, Florida Nov 12, 2022, UFO Sighting News
Flashing Object Over Dunnellon, Florida Nov 12, 2022, UFO Sighting News
Eyewitness states:
Saturday night 11/12/22 approximately 9:30pm eastern sky rural Dunnellon Florida ... over pasture Romeo/Rainbow lakes area looking towards Ocala. Stationary/hovering circular pulsating bright white object eventually moved towards the south and disappeared.
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Eyewitness states:
Large blinking lights that changed in color and would blink. I also saw planes in the sky but their lights were much much smaller than the unidentified light. I was with my husband, cousin, and cousin-in-law. The lights seemed to pulsate, blink and change color.
Huge UFO Sighting over Orlando, FL, USA, February 10th 2022
Saturn Moons Titan And Dione Are Space Stations! Nov 12, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Saturn Moons Titan And Dione Are Space Stations! Nov 12, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Guys, check this out. I discovered this back in 2010, but I have often thought deeply about it and really wanted to talk about it more. I thought it was photoshop by NASA, but more and more I am believing that this is a space station. The link still works and NASA actually labels it "photo of the day." It should be photo of the millennium because this is a huge and historical discovery about Dione and Titan. They are space stations, the back of Dione has huge finger like structures coming out of it. Dark structures so that they could not be detected from far away. The auto of colors around those dark fingers indicated a thriving civilization within them...the reds, pinks and greens could only be coming from a technological intelligent species.
Air Traffic Control Center Porto Alegre, Brazil captures UFO reported by pilots
Air Traffic Control Center Porto Alegre, Brazil captures UFO reported by pilots
For the fifth consecutive night, pilots belonging to different airlines have reported the presence of UFOs over the skies of Porto Alegre, Brazil.
According to Inexplicata, between 22:50 and 23:10, four flights reported the presence of strange lights in the sky to the Air Traffic Control center.
The flights in question were 4248, 3140, 4407, of Azul Air, and LATAM flight 3406. Pilots noticed that the lights went on and off, but did not constitute a hindrance to air traffic.
The moment was recorded by the Salgado Filho Airport Control Center.
This huge flashing UFO was filmed in the night sky above Dunnellon, a small city in Marion County, Florida this Saturday.
Witness report:
Saturday night 11/12/22 approximately 9:30pm eastern sky rural Dunnellon Florida … over pasture Romeo/Rainbow lakes area looking towards Ocala. Stationary/hovering circular pulsating bright white object eventually moved towards the south and disappeared.
Multiple UFOs filmed over Austin, Texas 12-Nov-2022
Multiple UFOs filmed over Austin, Texas 12-Nov-2022
On November 12, 2022, residents of Austin, Texas, saw and recorded the appearance of mysterious lights in the sky. The state capital is located in an inland region bordering the Hill Country.
Witness report:
Eight shooting Stars shooting down position from exiting portal or more come dripping out of portal. Driving to the store me and my girlfriend saw portal open and shooting stars came out in a down position dripping fire ( trails) one after after another then another alot of them came dripping out they had orange yellow fire like effect. Moving up down left right blinking off and on abruptly changing directions and disappearing and reappearing landing very quickly at least two of them some got close but did not land . They were looking for something on the ground and they were quick to land and look with no fear of anything like they owned the place just doing what they want Two of the stars combined together in mid air in front of me and broke away from the group and disappear in front of me a few seconds later after joining together. They were just so many to keep up with it made me scared nausea’s confused I have video and a one picture I have proof this happened.
SpaceX Starship Record Static Fire Up Next, Starbase Management Change, Cygnus NG-18, JPSS 2 & SLS
Over at SpaceX’s Starbase at BocaChica this week, all effort seems focused on the first orbital test flight of Starship, with everything on site looking more refined by the day. We should have the SpaceX Starship record static fire up next! Ships coming down, Ships moving out, and a load of intriguing stuff to cover this week (including the Starbase management change). Cygnus NG-18 made its trip up to resupply the international space station, however there was an unexpected hiccup. A final farewell to United Launch Alliance’s Atlas V from Vandenberg in the spectacular JPSS-2 mission. SLS makes its way back to the launch pad for another attempt at its maiden flight
All About Tiangong Space Station
All About Tiangong Space Station
What is Tiangong Space Station? How big is it? Who is on board? Why was it built? Find out in this informative animation. China has launched their first space station, Tiangong. In this video, learn all about this historic accomplishment and how it will change space exploration.
China's Tiangong Space Station may not seem as large or advanced as the International Space Station, but it is still an important accomplishment in the field of space exploration. Now, let's take a closer look at Tiangong's design and construction.
Starship Booster 33 Engines Test Campaign Begins, SLS Damage, LOFTID, Cygnus Solar Array, Rocket Lab
SpaceX shuffles Starships, and gears up for 33 engine static fire test. SpaceX president Gwynne Shotwell takes over Starbase operations.
Cygnus arrives at the space station despite the solar array problem. NASA inspects Artemis I rocket after Hurricane Nicole. NASA tested the Low-Earth Orbit Flight Test of an Inflatable Decelerator. Rocket Lab launches Swedish satellite but fails to catch booster with a helicopter.
Scripted on 10th November 2022
00:00 A Spacecraft Arrived at ISS With a Failed Solar Panel
01:49 NASA Assessing Damage to SLS From Hurricane Nicole 0
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
IN DE RUIMTE BEVINDT ZICH DIT ENORME 'KATTENOOG' EN HET BLIJKT EEN VERRASSING TE HERBERGEN
IN DE RUIMTE BEVINDT ZICH DIT ENORME 'KATTENOOG' EN HET BLIJKT EEN VERRASSING TE HERBERGEN
Vivian Lammerse
Dat de beroemde Kattenoognevel een vreemde eend in de bijt is, wisten astronomen al langer. Maar nu begrijpen ze ook waarom.
De Kattenoognevel is een planetaire nevel, die met wat fantasie op het oog van Sauron lijkt. De meeste planetaire nevels zijn vrij recht-door-zee, maar dat geldt niet voor de Kattenoognevel. Deze nevel bestaat uit een ingewikkelde structuur van knopen en structuren, boogachtige filamenten en concentrische gasschillen. Niet voor niets is de Kattenoognevel één van de meest complexe planetaire nevels die we kennen. Onderzoekers hebben nu voor het eerst een driedimensionaal model van de Kattenoognevel vervaardigd. En die verraadt hoe hij zijn opvallende voorkomen heeft gekregen.
Planetaire nevel Een planetaire nevel ontstaat wanneer een stervende, zonachtige ster zijn buitenste gaslaag wegslingert. Hierdoor wordt er en kleurrijke ‘schil’ gevormd die kenmerkend is voor dergelijke objecten. Maar zoals gezegd is de Kattenoognevel – een planetaire nevel op iets meer dan 3000 lichtjaar afstand van de aarde, te zien in het sterrenbeeld Draak – een vreemde eend in de bijt. De mysterieuze structuur van de nevel heeft astrofysici al eerder in verwarring gebracht. Zo blijkt dat zijn raadselachtige voorkomen niet kan worden verklaard door eerder aanvaarde theorieën over de vorming van planetaire nevels.
3D-model Onderzoeker Ryan Clairmont besloot een verwoede poging te wagen om de mogelijke mechanismen die de Kattenoognevel zijn vorm hebben gegeven, te ontraadselen. Daarvoor schakelde hij de hulp in van het het San Pedro Martir National Observatory in Mexico. Spectrale gegevens vervaardigd door dit observatorium verschaffen namelijk inzicht in de interne beweging van materiaal in de nevel. Samen met gegevens en afbeeldingen van de Hubble-ruimtetelescoop construeerde Clairmont vervolgens een gedetailleerd 3D-model.
De Kattenoognevel. Links: het nieuw vervaardigde 3D-model. Rechts: Een eerder gemaakte foto van Hubble.
Afbeelding: Ryan Clairmont (links), NASA, ESA, HEIC, and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) (rechts)
Het 3D-model onthult ringen van gas die rond de buitenste schil van het Kattenoog cirkelen. Verrassend genoeg zijn deze gasringen bijna perfect symmetrisch ten opzichte van elkaar gepositioneerd. En dat is interessant. Deze symmetrie suggereert namelijk dat de gasringen zijn gevormd door een jet – een stroom van gas – die in tegengestelde richtingen werd uitgestoten vanuit een centrale ster.
Dubbelster Volgens de onderzoekers vertoonde deze jet een zogenoemde ‘ precessie-beweging’. Het eenvoudigste voorbeeld van precessie is een draaitol die op de grond ronddraait. En dat verraadt dat de centrale ster waarschijnlijk vergezeld is door een andere ster. Dat komt omdat bekend is dat alleen dubbelsterren zogenaamde ‘precesserende’ straalstromen in planetaire nevels kunnen aandrijven. Kortom, in het hart van de Kattenoognevel houdt zich vermoedelijk een dubbelster op.
De studie werpt nieuw licht op de raadselachtige vorm van de Kattenoognevel. Zo denken de onderzoekers dat de hoek en de richting van de jet in de loop van de tijd veranderde. En op deze manier zagen vervolgens alle opvallende kenmerken van de nevel het levenslicht. Daarnaast breidt het onderzoek ook onze kennis over planetaire nevels in het algemeen uit. “Precesserende jets in planetaire nevels zijn relatief zeldzaam,” zegt Clairmont. “Het is daarom belangrijk om te begrijpen hoe ze bijdragen aan de vorming van complexere systemen zoals de Kattenoognevel. Uiteindelijk zal dit ook inzicht verschaffen in het uiteindelijke lot van onze zon, die op een dag zelf een planetaire nevel zal worden.”
WETENSCHAPPERS VINDEN MYSTERIEUZE 'BLAUWE SMURRIE' OP DE BODEM VAN DE OCEAAN EN HEBBEN GEEN IDEE WAT HET IS
WETENSCHAPPERS VINDEN MYSTERIEUZE 'BLAUWE SMURRIE' OP DE BODEM VAN DE OCEAAN EN HEBBEN GEEN IDEE WAT HET IS
Caroline Kraaijvanger
Ideeën? Iemand?
Wetenschappers spotten de mysterieuze ‘blauwe smurrie’ tijdens een expeditie naar de Mid-Atlantische Rug; een grotendeels onder water gelegen bergketen in de Atlantische Oceaan. Onder meer met behulp van onderwaterrobots werd het gebied rondom deze keten – en het leven dat daar te vinden is – nader in kaart gebracht. Voorafgaand aan de expeditie verwachtten onderzoekers daarbij onder meer op diepzeekoraal en sponzen te stuitten, maar verrassingen waren zeker niet uitgesloten.
Blauwe smurrie En zo’n verrassing heeft zich nu dus aangediend in de vorm van wat de onderzoekers zelf ‘blauwe smurrie’ noemen. De ‘smurrie’ is op verschillende plekken voor de kust van de Amerikaanse Maagdeneilanden – op enkele honderden meters diepte – aangetroffen. En onderzoekers hebben geen idee wat het is.
Het zou een zacht koraal kunnen zijn, merkt één van de onderzoekers in bovenstaande video op. Maar, zo benadrukt een ander, we weten het nog niet. Het zou bijvoorbeeld ook een soort spons kunnen zijn. Of een soort manteldier. “Ik denk dat het een mysterie blijft, tot we het kunnen bemonsteren,” stelt één van de onderzoekers. Of tot een deskundige het op basis van de vrij scherpe beelden kan identificeren.
Gaten Het is zeker niet het eerste mysterie dat de expeditie naar Mid-Atlantische Rug voortbrengt. Zo stuitten onderzoekers eerder al op tamelijk mysterieuze gaten in de zeebodem waarvan nog altijd onbekend is hoe ze tot stand komen.
De nog altijd onverklaarbare gaten in de zeebodem die onderzoekers eerder aantroffen.
Afbeelding: NOAA Ocean Exploration, Voyage to the Ridge 2022.
En ook kwamen wetenschappers tijdens de expeditie een zeer zeldzame vergadering van zee-egels tegen. Onderzoekers zijn er nog maar zelden getuige van geweest dat zee-egels het gezellig maken samen. Maar wat de ontmoeting nog bijzonderder maakte, is dat alle verzamelde zee-egels zichzelf een ‘hoedje’ van puin hadden aangemeten. Waarom de zee-egels elkaar ontmoetten en waarom ze daarbij allemaal een hoedje op hadden, is nog altijd onduidelijk.
Eerder stuitten de onderzoekers tijdens de expeditie ook al op een zeldzame vergadering van zee-egels, waarbij alle verzamelde zee-egels ook nog eens een mysterieus ‘hoedje’ droegen.
Afbeeldingen: NOAA Ocean Exploration, Voyage to the Ridge 2022.
Zoveel onbekend De mysterieuze ontdekkingen op de bodem van de oceaan geven wel aan hoe belangrijk het is dat er meer onderzoek naar onze oceanen wordt gedaan. De oceaanbodem is nog tamelijk onontgonnen terrein; hoewel de oceaan zo’n 70 procent van het aardoppervlak bestrijkt, is slechts 20 procent van de wereldwijde zeebodem tot op heden in kaart gebracht. En ook de organismen die op de bodem en in de (dieper gelegen) wateren leven, hebben nog behoorlijk wat geheimen voor ons.
Langste bergketen Dat geldt zeker ook voor het gebied waar de beelden van de blauwe smurrie en mysterieuze gaten zijn gemaakt; de Mid-Atlantische Rug is met een lengte van 16.000 kilometer de langste bergketen op aarde, maar deze onder water gelegen berg en omgeving zijn nog nauwelijks bestudeerd. Wetenschappers probeerden daar recent daar tijdens een serie expedities – die samen aangeduid worden als ‘Voyage to the Ridge 2022‘ verandering in te brengen. Vanaf het onderzoeksschip Okeanos Explorer werd de Mid-Atlantische Rug en omgeving met sonarapparatuur in kaart gebracht, terwijl onderwaterrobots een inkijkje gaven in wat er allemaal in het gebied leeft. Want pas als we dat weten, kunnen we de ecosystemen gaan monitoren en eventueel ingrijpen als een ecosysteem – bijvoorbeeld door inmenging van mensen – in de knel dreigt te komen.
Eerder deze maand kwam de laatste van de serie expedities naar de Mid-Atlantische Rug ten einde. De komende tijd zal de sonardata gebruikt worden om de – nog altijd flinke – gaten in onze kaarten van de wereldwijde zeebodem te helpen opvullen. De onderzoekers leveren zo een bijdrage aan Seabed 2030: een project dat erop gericht is om de complete zeebodem tegen 2030 in kaart te hebben gebracht. Daarnaast zullen ook de door onderwaterrobots gemaakte beelden ongetwijfeld verder worden uitgeplozen. Of het tot identificatie van de nu nog mysterieuze blauwe smurrie zal leiden, is afwachten. Vaststaat dat de data leidend zal zijn voor het plannen van nieuwe expedities naar de bodem van de oceaan. Want wat alle vergaarde gegevens vooral laten zien, is dat er nog heel veel is wat we niet weten of in ieder geval slecht begrijpen.
Archaeologists sυrveyiпg the world’s oldest sυbmerged towп have foυпd ceramics datiпg back to the Fiпal Neolithic. Their discovery sυggests that Pavlopetri, off the soυtherп Lacoпia coast of Greece, was occυpied some 5,000 years ago — at least 1,200 years earlier thaп origiпally thoυght.
These remarkable fiпdiпgs have beeп made pυblic by the Greek goverпmeпt after the start of a five-year collaborative project iпvolviпg the Ephorate of Uпderwater Aпtiqυities of the Helleпic Miпistry of Cυltυre aпd The Uпiversity of Nottiпgham.
As a Myceпaeaп towп, the site offers poteпtial пew iпsights iпto the workiпgs of Myceпaeaп society. Pavlopetri has added importaпce as it was a maritime settlemeпt from which the iпhabitaпts coordiпated local aпd loпg-distaпce trade.
The Pavlopetri Uпderwater Archaeology Project aims to establish exactly wheп the site was occυpied, what it was υsed for aпd throυgh a systematic stυdy of the geomorphology of the area, how the towп became sυbmerged.
This sυmmer the team carried oυt a detailed digital υпderwater sυrvey aпd stυdy of the strυctυral remaiпs, which υпtil this year were thoυght to beloпg to the Myceпaeaп period — aroυпd 1600 to 1000 BC.
The sυrvey sυrpassed all their expectatioпs. Their iпvestigatioпs revealed aпother 150 sqυare metres of пew bυildiпgs as well as ceramics that sυggest the site was occυpied throυghoυt the Broпze Age — from at least 2800 BC to 1100 BC.
The work is beiпg carried oυt by a mυltidiscipliпary team led by Mr Elias Spoпdylis, Ephorate of Uпderwater Aпtiqυities of the Helleпic Miпistry of Cυltυre iп Greece aпd Dr Joп Heпdersoп, aп υпderwater archaeologist from the Departmeпt of Archaeology at The Uпiversity of Nottiпgham.
Dr Joп Heпdersoп said: “This site is υпiqυe iп that we have almost the complete towп plaп, the maiп streets aпd domestic bυildiпgs, coυrtyards, rock-cυt tombs aпd what appear to be religioυs bυildiпgs, clearly visible oп the seabed. Eqυally, as a harboυr settlemeпt, the stυdy of the archaeological material we have recovered will be extremely importaпt iп terms of revealiпg how maritime trade was coпdυcted aпd maпaged iп the Broпze Age.”
Possibly oпe of the most importaпt discoveries has beeп the ideпtificatioп of what coυld be a megaroп — a large rectaпgυlar great hall — from the Early Broпze Age period. They have also foυпd over 150 metres of пew bυildiпgs iпclυdiпg what coυld be the first example of a pillar crypt ever discovered oп the Greek maiпlaпd. Two пew stoпe-bυilt cist graves were also discovered aloпgside what appears to be a Middle Broпze Age pithos bυrial.
Mr Spoпdylis said: “It is a rare fiпd aпd it is sigпificaпt becaυse as a sυbmerged site it was пever re-occυpied aпd therefore represeпts a frozeп momeпt of the past.”
The Archaeological coordiпator Dr Chrysaпthi Galloυ a postdoctoral research fellow at The Uпiversity of Nottiпgham is aп expert iп Aegeaп Prehistory aпd the archaeology of Lacoпia.
Dr Galloυ said: “The пew ceramic fiпds form a complete aпd exceptioпal corpυs of pottery coveriпg all sυb-phases from the Fiпal Neolithic period (mid 4th milleппiυm BC) to the eпd of the Late Broпze Age (1100 BC).
Iп additioп, the iпterest from the local commυпity iп Lacoпia has beeп faпtastic.
The iпvestigatioп at Pavlopetri offers a great opportυпity for them to be actively iпvolved iп the preservatioп aпd maпagemeпt of the site, aпd sυbseqυeпtly for the cυltυral aпd toυristic developmeпt of the wider regioп.”
The team was joiпed by Dr Nicholas Flemmiпg, a mariпe geo-archaeologist from the Iпstitυte of Oceaпography at the Uпiversity of Soυthamptoп, who discovered the site iп 1967 aпd retυrпed the followiпg year with a team from Cambridge Uпiversity to carry oυt the first-ever sυrvey of the sυbmerged towп.
Usiпg jυst sпorkels aпd tape measυres they prodυced a detailed plaп of the prehistoric towп which coпsisted of at least 15 separate bυildiпgs, coυrtyards, streets, two-chamber tombs aпd at least 37 cist graves.
Despite the poteпtial iпterпatioпal importaпce of Pavlopetri, пo fυrther work was carried oυt at the site υпtil this year.
Throυgh a British School of Archaeology iп Atheпs permit, The Pavlopetri Uпderwater Archaeology Project begaп its five-year stυdy of the site with the aim of defiпiпg the history aпd developmeпt of Pavlopetri.
“Intriguing” Prehistoric Silver Jewelry in Omani Tomb Evidence of Regional Trade
“Intriguing” Prehistoric Silver Jewelry in Omani Tomb Evidence of Regional Trade
Several important archaeological discoveries that shed light on ancient trade settlements in the Oman region have been unearthed by nearly a decade of excavations at a site from the early Bronze Age in Oman.
This list includes the remains of floorplans, warehouses, administrative buildings, ritual buildings, a tomb, industrial infrastructure for processing copper ore, and silver jewelry dated to the 3rd millennium BC. The jewelry includes parts of beautiful necklaces with beads, spacers, and silver rings from the Umm-al Nar culture’s zenith, including one particularly interesting ring that highlights the complexities of global trade in the ancient world.
International Team Uncovers Umm-al Nar Sites
The joint American and Omani mission was recently announced on the sidelines of the International Conference on Archaeology and Arts in South Asia, in Barcelona, Spain. According to a press release by Oman’s Ministry of Heritage and Tourism, the team was headed by Prof. Dr. Nasser Al-Jahuri and Dr. Khaled Douglas from the Department of Archaeology at Sultan Qaboos University. They were assisted by Professor Kimberly Williams from Temple University Philadelphia, USA, who excavated the especially interesting tomb.
Explaining the importance of the site, Professor Nasser al-Jahuri, who discovered the site, said, “The archaeological site of Dahwa is considered among the important early Bronze Age sites in the Al-Batinah Plain due to the nature and quantity of archaeological finds that were uncovered during the various seasons of survey and excavation, which started in 2013 and continued until 2021. In 2013, the department began its field work by conducting a comprehensive archaeological survey in the Dahwa region, where five distinct archaeological sites were discovered that include ancient settlements dating back to the so-called Umm al-Nar culture (2600-2000 BC)".
The site, titled Dahwa 7, also included a mass grave , which ended up being the only grave found at the site. The grave yielded a large number of local and imported pottery items, among other important items.
A Prehistoric Silver Ring Illuminating Ancient Trade Networks
The fascinating tomb includes skeletal remains, as well as imported and local pottery and jewelry, including a distinctive seal on a silver ring belonging to the Harappan civilization. The seal depicted a bison from the Indus Valley, which lay a few hundred kilometers away in what constitutes modern-day India and Pakistan, Canada Today reported.
According to Dr. Dennis Frienz, an Italian expert on ancient trade routes between the Indus Valley and Oman, and a collaborator with the Omani Ministry of Heritage and Tourism: “The discovery of a silver ring in a tomb in North Al Batinah is likely to have been made in Mesopotamia (Iraq) using Anatolian silver (Turkey) for an individual associated with foreign trade with the Indus civilization (Pakistan and Western India) shows the great development of foreign trade, interaction and trade and cultural relations in prehistoric Eurasia, which can certainly be considered a prototype of modern global exchanges.”
What is most fascinating was the extent of the globalization the ring demonstrates. This provides additional evidence for the diversity and interconnectedness of ancient civilizations, considering that similar rings were found in Iran, Mesopotamia, and Bahrain as well. Moreover, those similar rings have been dated to later periods according to Jonathan Mark Kenoyer, professor of anthropology and archaeology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
The trade links are also gleaned from the quality of the seal’s decorative pattern and its distinctive shape, which are quintessentially Harappan. Another peculiarity is the fact that previously found seals were on smooth stone, but this is the first time that a bison image has been found on a metal ring, reported The Oman Observer . In 2020, bison stamp seals of local softstone were found at Salut and Al-Moyassar in Oman.
The bison image on this prehistoric silver ring found in Oman was typical of Harappan culture, indicating ancient global trade networks.
This suggests that the people of the Umm al-Narr culture were more intelligent and technologically advanced than previously thought. “… they introduced at a very early stage, administrative solutions that allowed economic growth in the later millennia,” he concluded.
Top image: The mass grave in Dahwa, Oman, where prehistoric silver jewelry was unearthed, along with pottery, stone containers, and personal ornaments.
In today’s world, technology is evolving faster than ever before and humans are powering it. Brilliant minds all around the world innovate day and night to produce the most advanced machines and equipment that can make our lives easier and our work more efficient. Sure, technology can get terrifying, if you think of it can do, such as tear down entire forests. But it’s also pretty amazing – we use machines to create bridges where humans just can’t on their own. Stick around to learn more about the top 12 most useful machines that help humans do incredible things!
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In a new documentary, pilots reveal chilling details about tLocal newspaper report of the incident, 1986he alleged sightings of UFOs
In a new documentary, pilots reveal chilling details about the alleged sightings of UFOs
Sergeant Sérgio Mota da Silva
The latest film based on the Night of the UFOs follows a Brazilian fighter pilot who came across a UFO in 1986. In the audio clip, the pilot talks about his frightening encounter with the object.
On May 19, 1986, various people reported seeing over 20 unidentified objects flying across Brazil. These sightings were reported in different areas such as Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and Minas Gerais.
One night in 1986 UFOs swarmed over Brazil
The Brazilian Air Force immediately launched fighter jets to intercept the objects. However, the pilots were reportedly left disoriented by the objects and did not have a clear explanation as to why they saw them. According to reports, five of the country’s fighter pilots saw up to 21 objects disappear.
A documentary about the incident features a radio message that one of the pilots sent to the control tower.
The audio of the incident was played in the film. It captured the moment the pilot first encountered the object. In a chilling audio, he can be heard saying, “It’s not an airplane, what is it?”
Brazilian photographer Adenir Britto was able to capture the various objects in the sky during the incident.
In a radio message, the fighter pilot noted that there were three objects in the sky. He then asked the control tower to identify the objects. The pilot was confused by the objects and noted that one of them flew in front of Mike-Bravo-Zulu, a radio station. The short clip, which was released by James Fox, featured the pilot’s voice.
The Night of the UFOs was not the first time that a documentary explored the subject. The pilots noted that the objects moved at speeds of up to 11,500 mph. They did not appear on radars.
Local newspaper report of the incident, 1986
The Night of the UFOs documentary was significant as it highlighted the seriousness of the issue, as well as the number of officials around the world who are investigating the possibility of UFOs. In May, the US held a public hearing regarding the issue.
On June 24, the Senate of Brazil held a special session in observance of the 75th anniversary of the UFO Day. It was attended by various UFO enthusiasts and experts.
The number of reported sightings of UFOs has significantly increased worldwide. In just over a year, the number of incidents reported in the US increased from 143 to 400. Reports of these sightings have also increased in other countries such as China and Russia.
Picture from 19th May 1986, Brazil
On the night of the incident, a sergeant working at an airport in Brazil said he saw a light in the sky. He then alerted the control tower. This event, which started the Night of the UFOs, happened at around 8 pm.
Thrilled by the strange activity, Mota approached the control tower of the airport in Brazil’s Sao Paulo to see if an aircraft was flying toward his facility. The control tower did not respond to his query, and the object disappeared.
After a while, the object reappeared. According to Mota, he was able to see it through binoculars, and he found it strange and multi-colored. In an interview with the BBC, he said that he didn’t know if the objects were trying to interact with him.
Three fighter jets were immediately launched. One of these was a Mirage F-103 aircraft piloted by Captain Armindo Sousa Viriato. The pilot noted that as he was about to approach the object, it accelerated to speeds of over 11,500 mph.
After the Night of the UFOs incident, many pilots admitted that they were not aware of what they were witnessing. They were then assigned to identify the objects.
Unfortunately, they were not able to identify the objects due to their fast moving nature. According to a report by the Sun, a pilot from Brazil’s air force said that he was only able to see the objects through visual contact.
In May, Brigadier-General Octavio Moreira Lima, the Minister of Aeronautics, held a press conference to explain the incident. He said that the five fighter jets that were deployed chased over 21 unidentified objects. However, he refused to provide additional details about the nature of the objects or the pilots involved.
Due to the number of people who reported witnessing the incident, the Night of the UFOs incident has been regarded as the most popular talking point regarding the sightings of UFOs in Brazil.
The interest in UFOs grew following the US Congressional hearing on the subject in May. Governments from China and Russia also announced their investigations into the matter. This marked the first time in over 50 years that the US Congress held a hearing on the subject of UFOs.
This Brazilian farmer “may be first in world to be killed by UFO”
This Brazilian farmer “may be first in world to be killed by UFO”
Local newspaper report about this strange event
According to this book (Amazon link), a farmer may have been the first person in the world killed by a UFO.
Television reproduction of the incident (left)
Luis Barroso Fernandes, a Brazilian, died mysteriously after claiming that he was attacked by small extraterrestrials that came out of a “strange disc”.
Philip Mantle, a British investigator, believes that the incident that led to the death of Luis Barroso Fernandes could be the first case of a UFO killing a person.
According to the book, Luis said he heard a buzzing sound and spotted an unidentified object in the sky.
He claimed that the object was about 30 meters from him when it hit the ground. He then said that two small alien creatures came from it.
Luis Barroso Fernandes
He said that the creatures attacked him and his donkey, causing them to become paralyzed. He woke up to find that he was several meters away from the object. He also had burn marks on his face.
After finding the farmer, a cowboy took him to his wife, who then called the doctors. They reportedly could not diagnose his strange condition.
After hearing the farmer’s story, Dr. Antnio Moreira Magalhes, a psychiatrist, concluded that the incident was very serious. Although he didn’t believe in flying saucers at that time, he admitted that something happened to the farmer.
Following the incident in 1973, the doctor ordered a tranquilizer and an anti-allergy drug for the farmer.
Luis Barroso Fernandez
Luis Barroso Fernandes
Despite the treatment, Fernandes still felt ill. His body continued to hurt. His left side of his body was still red, and burning eyes were still visible.
The book also stated that after the incident, his hair started to fall grey and he had memory lapses. Although his friends and family claimed that he was in good health before the alleged incident, his health started to deteriorate.
His relatives took him to a psychiatric hospital. According to the book, 16 doctors examined him, but none of them could diagnose his condition.
After learning about the incident, Dr. Magalhes carried out his own investigation and diagnosed Fernandes’ worsening mental condition.
Fernandes died in 1993. Before his death, he could barely utter the words “Mom,” “give,” and “fear.” A couple of students, a radio broadcaster, and military personnel also reported seeing a UFO over the city that same day.
Philip Mantle, a former official of the UFO Research Association, has written a book about the incident.
According to him, many people claimed to have been in direct contact with the extraterrestrial creatures. Some also stated that the objects hurt them.
Although the book states that there were minor injuries on Fernandes’ body, he most likely became the first person to die after being attacked by a UFO.
Author of the book Thiago Ticchetti stated that contact with extraterrestrials is rare. He noted that when objects shoot a beam of light at an individual, it is extremely rare for them to hit their face.
In addition, Brazil has a huge amount of uranium that it can sell to Iran for its nuclear program. This could be the reason why there’s a lot of UFO and alien activity in the country.
NASA to Oumuamua! A Closer Look at the Mysterious Alien Spacecraft
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15 Real Things That Defy the Laws of Physics!
You don't have to be an Einstein to understand the basic laws of physics. Since objects always fall downwards, more precisely in the direction of the center of the earth, we can look forward to a nice heap of broken glass as soon as a cup slips out of our hands - thank you very much, physics. But have you ever heard of waterfalls that flow up instead of down? Or objects that start to float as if by magic? You want to know what these almost unbelievable cases are all about? Then stay tuned and see for yourself: Here are several amazing things that defy the laws of physics!
ROBOTICS COMPANIES DON'T WANT YOU TO USE THEIR GIZMOS FOR EVIL
ROBOTICS COMPANIES DON'T WANT YOU TO USE THEIR GIZMOS FOR EVIL
Plus: Worm spit could annihilate plastic.
Scientists are betting that the wax worm’s saliva can help cut down on plastic pollution by breaking down PE plastic.
Simona Gaddi
Plastic pollution is a huge problem worldwide: We produce around 350 to 400 million tons of non-degradable plastic annually, and 5 to 13 million tons end up in the ocean. But we don’t yet have many sustainable, cost-effective recycling methods yet.
A promising technique called biodegradation could add a crucial tool to our recycling toolbox: Scientists have deployed organisms like bacteria and fungi to break down plastic, but it can take months and require pre-treatment that demands loads of energy.
Now, findings suggest that the saliva from the beeswax-eating wax worm, or Galleria mellonella, could be harnessed to break down the world's most widely used plastic (polyethylene or PE), according to a new study published in the journal Nature Communications. The method doesn’t require any treatment beforehand, saving time and money.
Researchers from Spain studied wax worm larvae saliva and found that it can degrade PE by breaking it down into smaller molecules. The process only takes a few hours. To the best of the researchers’ knowledge, this is the quickest biodegradation technique yet for PE.
Study author Federica Bertocchini, a molecular biologist at the Spanish National Research Council, hopes the new study can inspire other labs to go after similar research.
“We also hope that the study might increase the study of insects as the wonderful resourceful animals they are, both as a biotechnological tool, but, even more, at the basic research level,” she adds.
YOU MAY HAVE seen clips of the creepy, dog-like robot from Boston Dynamics called Spot that can traverse rough terrains, map its environment, and grab you a drink, among other skills. The company has even programmed Spot to dance to K-pop.
Spot and other roving autonomous bots developed in recent years have received lots of criticism as they’ve been increasingly embraced by law enforcement officials. Some experts worry that the AI programmed into these robots could target people of color or use excessive violence. Last year, public concern forced the NYPD to retire a Spot model that they called Digidog.
It’s also possible for ordinary people to use commercially available robots for evil: This summer, a Russian man terrified the internet when he slapped a gun onto a Unitree dogbot.
Now, Boston Dynamics and other robotics companies seem eager to clean up their image.
WHAT’S NEW — In an open letter published last week, six major robotics companies have promised not to weaponize their publicly available devices and software — and not to support anyone doing so — as originally reported by Axios. These include Agility Robotics, which is working on a hyped-up humanoid called Digit (that will come with a face and hands).
While the letter notes that “advanced mobile robots will provide great benefit to society as co-workers in industry and companions in our homes,” the automation giants do point out the potential for mistreatment.
“We believe that adding weapons to robots that are remotely or autonomously operated, widely available to the public, and capable of navigating to previously inaccessible locations where people live and work, raises new risks of harm and serious ethical issues,” they add.
The Spot robot from Boston Dynamics has appealed to law enforcement officials in recent years.
Sam Barnes/Sportsfile/Getty Images
THERE’S A CATCH
This oath doesn’t seem to apply to the devices used by military and police officials. That’s not a huge surprise, since Boston Dynamics largely got its start with funding from the military, along with the controversial Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).
In fact, U.S. Marine Corps officials have already looked into using Boston Dynamics’ AlphaDog robot in combat, but they shelved it in 2015 because it proved too loud for the battlefield. They have also tried to prep the company’s human-like Atlas model for battle.
Governments around the world also want to automate their armies. For instance, the French army has tested Spot for surveillance purposes, according to The Verge.
So while it may get more difficult for a regular Joe to go haywire with a humanoid, this option doesn’t appear to be off the table for law enforcement agencies.
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October 2022 Sightings Statistical Report
October 2022 Sightings Statistical Report
NATIONS
UNITED STATES 643
CANADA 42
UNITED KINGDOM 40
FRANCE 19
AUSTRALIA 11
SOUTH AFRICA 7
BRAZIL 6
INDIA 6
GERMANY 4
GREECE 4
PORTUGAL 3
MEXICO 3
NETHERLANDS 3
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 2
INDONESIA 2
BELGIUM 2
JAPAN 2
ROMANIA 2
IRELAND 2
SPAIN 2
NORWAY 1
EGYPT 1
SWITZERLAND 1
TAIWAN 1
LITHUANIA 1
ITALY 1
DENMARK 1
CAMBODIA 1
ISRAEL 1
TURKEY 1
SWEDEN 1
KOREA, (South) 1
ARGENTINA 1
COLOMBIA 1
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 1
ICELAND 1
CROATIA 1
HUNGARY 1
POLAND 1
ZIMBABWE 1
BAHAMAS 1
TOTAL:826
BY SHAPE
Circle 151
Sphere 88
Disc 78
Unknown 69
Other 61
Triangle 60
Oval 40
Cigar 40
Star-like 37
Tic Tac 25
Square/Rectangular 23
Fireball 15
Diamond 14
Boomerang 13
Cylinder 13
Bullet/Missile 10
N/A 10
Cone 7
Egg 7
Flash 5
Blimp 4
Chevron 3
Saturn-like 2
Teardrop 2
Cross 1
STATES OF THE USA
Florida 65
California 65
Texas 45
Michigan 39
Ohio 27
New York 24
North Carolina 21
Arizona 20
Tennessee 19
Colorado 18
Virginia 17
Washington 17
Minnesota 16
Missouri 16
Illinois 16
Pennsylvania 15
Georgia 13
Oregon 13
Kentucky 11
Nevada 11
Indiana 11
New Jersey 11
West Virginia 9
Wisconsin 9
New Mexico 8
Maryland 8
Massachusetts 8
South Carolina 7
Kansas 7
Idaho 7
Oklahoma 7
Iowa 6
Mississippi 6
Louisiana 6
Connecticut 5
Alabama 5
Utah 5
Arkansas 5
New Hampshire 4
Alaska 3
Maine 3
South Dakota 2
Montana 2
Hawaii 2
Vermont 2
Delaware 1
Wyoming 1
North Dakota 1
District of Columbia 1
Nebraska 1
DISTANCE FROM THE WITNESS
< 100 ft 97
101-500 ft 114
501 ft - 1 Mile 155
Over 1 Mile 161
Unknown 53
NO VALUE 38
Most impressively there were 23 Landings, Hovering, or Takeoffs reported and 27 Entities observed. Number of abduction (ERT) cases were 33. Number of submitted Experiencer Questionnaires were 0.
Mars is Mostly Dead. There's Still Magma Inside, so it's Slightly Alive
Artist's concept of InSight "taking the pulse of Mars".
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Mars is Mostly Dead. There's Still Magma Inside, so it's Slightly Alive
Since February 2019, NASA’s Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) lander has been making the first-ever measurements of tectonics on another planet. The key to this is InSight’s Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) instrument (developed by seismologists and geophysicists at ETH Zurich), which has been on the surface listening for signs of “marsquakes.” The dataset it has gathered (over 1,300 seismic events) has largely confirmed what planetary scientists have long suspected: that Mars is largely quiet.
However, a research team led by ETH Zurich recently analyzed a cluster of more than 20 recent marsquakes, which revealed something very interesting. Based on the location and spectral character of these events, they determined that most of Mars’ widely distributed surface faults are not seismically active. Nevertheless, most of the 20 seismic events observed originated in the vicinity of Cerberus Fossae, a region consisting of rifts (or graben). These results suggest that geological activity and volcanism still play an active role in shaping the Martian surface.
Image of the Tharsis region of Mars taken by Mars Express featuring several prominent shield volcanoes, including the massive Olympus Mons (at left). Credit: ESA
Based on the seismic data gathered by InSight, the team concluded that low-frequency quakes could indicate the modern-day presence of molten magma in the Martian mantle. Specifically, they found that the epicenters of these quakes were located mostly in the innermost part of Cerberus Fossae – at depths of 30 to 50 km (18.6 to 31 mi) beneath the surface. In this region, named after the hellhound that guards the gates of Hades (the underworld in Greek mythology), the terrain is sinking under its own weight, forming parallel rifts that pull the crust of Mars apart.
The team theorized that these quakes could be the last rumbles from this once-active volcanic region or that magma is moving eastward beneath the surface towards its next eruption. When the team examined orbital images of this area, they noticed that these quakes happened very close to a structure in the Cerberus Fossae Mantling Unit (previously designated a “young volcanic fissure”). This feature was surrounded by dark deposits of dust, which was present in all directions and not only in the dominant direction of the wind (as was expected).
As Stähler explained in a recent ETH Zurich press release, the only explanation for this was the presence of volcanic activity in the recent past. “The darker shade of the dust signifies geological evidence of more recent volcanic activity – perhaps within the past 50,000 years – relatively young, in geological terms,” he said.
Because of its terrestrial (rocky) nature and its proximity to Earth, Mars provides opportunities to study geological processes similar to those that shaped our planet. While technically closer, Venus’s super dense atmosphere prevents missions from studying it with anything other than surface-mapping radar and temperatures hot enough to melt lead. Because of their distance from Earth, which imposes communication delays, all other bodies in the Solar System have only been studied by orbiters and probes.
Mars surface relief map showing InSight’s location (orange triangle) and the marsquakes (purple dots) centered around Cerberus Fossae. Credit: Horelston et al. (2022) TSR
In addition, Mars is the only terrestrial planet beyond Earth known to have a core composed of iron, nickel, and sulfur that may have once supported a magnetic field. On Earth, this field results from dynamo action in the planet’s interior, where a liquid outer core rotates around a solid inner core (in the opposite direction as Earth’s rotation). It is widely believed today that roughly 4 billion years ago, the interior of the Red Planet cooled rapidly, causing the outer core to solidify while the inner core became molten. Without this field, Mars’ atmosphere was slowly stripped away by solar wind for eons.
Previously, scientists suspected this also meant that Mars became geologically dead billions of years ago. Nevertheless, these and other indications provided by robotic missions suggest that geological activity has not entirely ceased within the Red Planet. While considerable research still needs to be done to confirm these results, the evidence of potential magma in Mars’ mantle today is fascinating. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the InSight lander and its sophisticated instruments and how multiple robotic missions working together can lead to breakthroughs. Said co-author Domenico Giardini:
“InSight’s SEIS is the most sensitive seismometer ever installed on another planet. It affords geophysicists and seismologists an opportunity to work with current data showing what is happening on Mars today – both at the surface and in its interior.”
In the coming years, many more robotic orbiters, landers, and rovers are bound for Mars. The research they conduct into Mars’ surface geology, environment, climate, and atmosphere will pave the way for crewed missions planned for the 2030s.
There is no end to the multitude of close combatweapons, from swords to spears, scythes, pikes, maces, glaives, flails, partisans, and hundreds more. Often designed to inflict the greatest damage possible, historical combat weaponsare both terrifying and impressive.
Italian fauchard, c. 1525 AD. This is a weapon developed from an agricultural tool, the pruning hook, with which a farmer would lop off unwanted branches on his fruit tress. It was particularly popular in western European countries
16th Century Hunting Knife Combined with Wheellock Pistol. Wheellock pistols sometimes were combined with swords, knives, axes, maces, spears, and even crossbows, which could be used in the event the pistol misfired
Partisan Carried by the Bodyguard of Louis XIV (1638–1715). It bears the king’s motto and sunburst above the crowned arms of France and Navarre, which are encircled by the collars of the royal orders of the Holy Spirit and Saint Michael
An Italian glaive, c. 18th century. A glaive is a European polearm, consisting of a single-edged blade on the end of a pole. They were sometimes forged with a small hook on the reverse side to better catch riders
Indian Parrying Weapon (Madu), 18th–19th century. A parrying weapon is a handheld weapon used to block or defend, usually in conjunction with a single-handed sword.
Fauchard of the Bodyguard of Cardinal Scipione Borghese-Caffarelli (1576–1633). An example of advanced metallurgy involving bluing, gilding, engraving, and damascening, as well as encrustation with gold and silver. The blade is decorated similarly on both sides with a series of medallions and ornamental strapwork cartouches outlined in silver-encrusted dots and set against a blued background finely damascened with gold scrolls
French Partisan c. 1700. A partisan is a type of polearm that consisted of a spearhead mounted on a long shaft with protrusions on the sides which aided in blocking sword thrusts.
A Flemish Halberd, c. 17th century. A halberd is a two-handed pole weapon consisting of an axe blade topped with a spike mounted on a long shaft. It always has a hook or thorn on the back side of the axe blade for grappling mounted combatants
Large Meteoroid Strike on Mars Caused a Magnitude 4 Marsquake, Huge Crater on the Red Planet
Large Meteoroid Strike on Mars Caused a Magnitude 4 Marsquake, Huge Crater on the Red Planet
Margaret Davis
(Photo : NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona)
Boulder-size blocks of water ice can be seen around the rim of an impact crater on Mars, as viewed by the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE camera) aboard NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The crater was formed Dec. 24, 2021, by a meteoroid strike in the Amazonis Planitia region.
On December 24, 2021, NASA's InSight lander on Mars felt the ground shake because of a marsquake equivalent to a magnitude 4 earthquake. According to NASA, they just recently determined that the cause of the quake was a large meteoroid impact on the Red Planet, the biggest seen since they began exploring space.
The meteoroid excavated boulder-sized chunks of ice buried closer to the Martian equator that has never been seen before. The discovery has implications for NASA's future plans of sending crewed missions to Mars.
(Photo : NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona) Boulder-size blocks of water ice can be seen around the rim of an impact crater on Mars, as viewed by the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE camera) aboard NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The crater was formed Dec. 24, 2021, by a meteoroid strike in the Amazonis Planitia region.
They determined the quake was caused by a meteoroid after looking at the before-and-after photos from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) and spotted a new crater. The event offers a new opportunity to study how a large impact shook the surface of Mars.
The meteoroid is estimated to have spanned 16 to 19 feet (5 to 12 meters), which is small enough that it would burn if it entered Earth's atmosphere. However, Mars has a thin atmosphere that it did not burn up the space rock upon entering and landed in a region called Amazonis Planitia that created a crater about 429 feet (150 meters) across and 70 feet (21 meters) deep.
The images and seismic data provide information about the impact that it is now considered to be one of the largest craters ever witnessed forming at any place in the Solar System. The space agency noted that there bigger craters on the Red Planet but they are older and predate any Mars mission.
InSight's Impact Science Working Group leader Ingrid Daubar of Brown University said in the press release that it is unprecedented to find a fresh impact as big as the crater.
Sadly, InSight has seen its power drastically decline in the past few months because of dust settling on its solar panels. Scientists estimate that the spacecraft now only have about six weeks before it completely shuts down, bringing the mission to an end.
InSight scientists reported having detected a major marsquake on December 24 last year, SciTech Daily reported. They first spotted the crater working at Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS) which operates the two cameras of MRO.
The Context Camera (CTX) produces the black and white images, while the Mars Color Imager (MARCI) provides the colored version so scientists could track the large-scale weather changes on Mars.
The crater was visible in MRCI data that allowed the scientists to pin down a 24-hour period when the meteoroid landed on the surface. It correlated with the seismic epicenter and demonstrated that the large meteoroid created a crater on December 24, 2021.
Establishing how fast the crater was created on the Martian surface is critical for refining the planet's geologic timeline. For example, older areas on both Moon and Mars have more craters compared to Earth because the process of erosion and plate tectonics moving on Earth erase older features from the surface.
Aside from the craters, MRO's High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) color camera also spotted large chunks of ice scattered from the impact site. Subsurface ice is a vital resource for astronauts who could use it for a variety of reasons, such as drinking water, agriculture, and rocket fuel.
“The image of the impact was unlike any I had seen before, with the massive crater, the exposed ice, and the dramatic blast zone preserved in the Martian dust,” said Liliya Posiolova, orbital science operations lead for the orbiter at Malin Space Science Systems in San Diego, in a statement.
The images captured by the orbiter, along with seismic data recorded by InSight, make the impact one of the largest craters in our solar system ever observed as it was created. Mars is littered with massive craters, but they’re much older than any mission to explore the red planet.
Fortunately, the storm didn’t pass over InSight directly — otherwise, the darkness of the storm would have ended the mission. But the weather event has kicked a lot of dust up into the atmosphere, and it has cut down the amount of sunlight reaching InSight’s solar panels, said Bruce Banerdt, InSight principal investigator at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
The mission scientists estimate InSight will likely shut down in the next six weeks, ending a promising mission to unlock the interior of Mars.
Meteoroïde zorgt voor aardbeving op Mars en legt ondergronds ijs bloot
Een aardbeving die de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA vorig jaar op kerstavond detecteerde op Mars legde ondergronds ijs bloot op een unieke plaats. Een meteoroïde boorde zich in de rode planeet, met de grootste impact die NASA er ooit vaststelde sinds 1958.
De aardbeving met een kracht van 4 op de schaal van Richter werd veroorzaakt door een rots van 5 meter op 12 meter. Dat zorgde voor een krater met een diameter van 150 meter en een diepte van 21 meter. Dat meldt NASA in een persbericht.
Een opvallend gevolg is dat er grote brokken ijs zijn blootgelegd. Nooit eerder werd zo dicht bij de evenaar van de rode planeet ondergronds ijs ontdekt. Volgens NASA is dat interessant voor wanneer er astronauten gestuurd worden naar Mars. Het kan namelijk gebruikt worden om drinkwater van te maken, landbouw mee te doen en raketbrandstof mee te ontwikkelen.
(Photo : NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona) Boulder-size blocks of water ice can be seen around the rim of an impact crater on Mars, as viewed by the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE camera) aboard NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The crater was formed Dec. 24, 2021, by a meteoroid strike in the Amazonis Planitia region.
Wetenschappers ontdekken hoe en wanneer onze zon aan haar einde zal komen
Aan alles komt een einde, zelfs aan de zon. Wanneer en hoe dat precies zal gebeuren was lange tijd een raadsel. Maar nu denken wetenschappers te weten hoe de massieve ster aan haar einde zal komen. Een ding staat vast: wij zullen er niet meer zijn om het mee te maken.
De zon, de ster in ons zonnestelsel, ontstond zo’n 4,5 miljard jaar geleden uit een wolk stof en gas (waterstofnevel) die door het toedoen van de zwaartekracht begon in te storten. Naar verwachting zal het nog eens zo’n 5 miljard jaar duren voordat de zon stilaan transformeert in een supernova, het verschijnsel waarbij een ster op spectaculaire wijze explodeert. Vermoedelijk verandert de zon eerst in een rode reus: de kern van de ster zal krimpen en de buitenste lagen zullen uitzetten, de zon wordt dus groter en helderder. De explosie zelf zal naar voorspelling nog eens 5 miljard jaar op zich laten wachten. Kortom, over 10 miljard jaar loopt het verhaal van de zon op zijn einde.
Zodra de zon verandert in een rode reus is ze eigenlijk al stervende. Uiteindelijk, tijdens het laatste hoofdstuk van het verhaal, is het enige wat overblijft van de zon een witte dwerg. In zo'n witte dwerg vinden geen kernreacties meer plaats en de massa is erg klein geworden. Tot slot koelt de kern van zo'n witte dwerg af en verandert deze in een zwarte dwerg.
Uiteindelijk stoppen alle kernfusies in de ster en stoot deze materie af. Deze materie vormt een planetaire nevel rond de kern van de ster. Maar ook die nevel blijft niet voor altijd bestaan. Het gas waaruit de nevel bestaat, verdwijnt en het enige wat overblijft is de kern van de ster: een witte dwerg. Deze kern koelt steeds verder af en zal uiteindelijk veranderen in een zwarte dwerg, er wordt dan geen lichte of warmte meer uitgezonden.
De mensheid moet zich overigens geen zorgen maken. Ons einde is al veel sneller daar. Afgezien van de klimaatverandering en andere externe bedreigingen hebben mensen nog maar één miljard jaar te gaan. De zon neemt elke miljard jaar immers 10 procent in helderheid toe. Daardoor zullen oceanen verdampen en transformeert de aarde naar voorspelling in een gloeiendhete woestijn die onleefbaar is voor de mens.
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Will Triton finally answer, ‘Are we alone?’
NASA’s Voyager 2 took this global color mosaic of Neptune’s largest moon, Triton, in 1989.
(Credit: NASA/NASA-JPL/USGS)
Will Triton finally answer, ‘Are we alone?’
We recently examined how and why Saturn’s icy moon, Enceladus, could answer the longstanding question: Are we alone? With its interior ocean and geysers of water ice that shoot out tens of kilometers into space that allegedly contains the ingredients for life, this small moon could be a prime target for future astrobiology missions. But Enceladus isn’t the only location in our solar system with active geysers, as another small moon near the edge of the solar system shares similar characteristics, as well. This is Neptune’s largest moon, Triton, which has been visited only once by NASA’s Voyager 2 in 1989. But are Triton’s geysers the only characteristics that make it a good target for astrobiology and finding life beyond Earth?
“Triton may be an ‘ocean world’, a moon that has a solid ice crust over a liquid water subsurface ocean,” said Dr. Candice Hansen-Koharchek, who is a planetary scientist and was a Voyager Imaging Team Assistant Experiment Representative during the Voyager missions. “If that is the case, and if we are able someday to reach that ocean and find life, that would extend the habitable zone to the Kuiper Belt, not just the inner solar system. That has profound implications, both in our solar system and at exoplanets.”
Due to its geysers, which Voyager 2 identified as dark streaks, Triton is only the third known planetary body in the solar system to be volcanically active, aside from Earth and Jupiter’s innermost Galilean moon, Io. Unlike the geysers of Enceladus, which is believed to be caused through tidal heating, Triton’s geysers are the result of solar heating, where the dim sunlight that reaches the moon causes the frozen nitrogen on the surface to slowly melt and eventually erupt. The active geology also explains the lack of craters on its surface, as well, and it turns out that Triton holds another feature similar to Earth.
“Triton has a nitrogen atmosphere that freezes into polar caps seasonally,” said Dr. Hansen-Koharchek. “The Earth also has a mainly nitrogen atmosphere – can you imagine if our atmosphere froze onto the ground in the winter?! Although Triton’s atmosphere is thin, winds blow and scatter particulates across the surface.”
“Trident would have established the existence of a subsurface ocean – the first step in reconnaissance of an ocean world,” said Dr. Hansen-Koharchek. “Trident carried a near-infrared spectrometer, which would have allowed us for the first time to map the distribution of ices (N2, CH4, CO, CO2, and H2O) across its surface (Voyager did not carry a near-IR spectrometer so all we know about the composition is what we can glean from Earth).”
For now, Triton orbits Neptune near the edge of the solar system with its active geysers, nitrogen atmosphere, and possible interior ocean. When will we visit it again, and does this active moon harbor life as we know it due to its unique features?
And with this, we wonder if Triton will finally answer, “Are we alone?”
Why Discovering Advanced Alien Life Would Be Bad For Humanity
Why Discovering Advanced Alien Life Would Be Bad For Humanity
Oxford University’s Future of Humanity Institute has a researcher named Robin Hanson, who holds a doctorate in social science and a variety of other scientific and philosophical degrees. He worked as a research programmer at NASA and Lockheed.
0:00 – Introduction
5:04 – When will machines rule the world?
14:03 – Brain emulations & Westworld
32:40 – Are we in a simulation?
45:24 – The Great Filter
50:48 – Grabby Aliens
1:17:53 – Panspermia
1:23:20 – UFO’s
1:49:50 – Rot of world government
2:02:09 – Cryonics
2:16:24 – Individualism & the future of human civilization
TWO UFO's STARTING IN CALIFORNIA & ENDING IN GEORGIA?
Two UFO sightings, starting in California we have a bazar shaped UFO spotted. Next we have Golfer that was starting his game when he spots Two white UFOs that rise up on go in opposite directions.
Sourceof Videos MUFON and Terry's Theories
Mystic Secrets of the Great Pyramid | Ancient Aliens
Ancient Astronaut Theorists take a deep dive look at the profound connection between extraterrestrials and the Great Pyramid, see more in this clip from "Aliens and Unexplained Engineering."
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This is not a new phenomenon, there are records and descriptions of these types of objects flying in our skies from thousands of years ago. From our egoistic point of view, it might seem that we are the only ones capable of evolving up to this point, but there are many things at play, and there's no interest on behalf of the elite for this information to become public knowledge because it will suggest the obsolesce of our current economic system which is a disguise for the modern slavery.
Correction at 5:58 The estimated Diameter of the Milky Way galaxy is 105,700 lightyears its radius is about 52,000 lightyears.
UFO [Unidentified flying object]
UAP [Unidentified Aerial Phenomena]
It's been happening even before humans were here, here's one of the earliest detailed records https://bit.ly/3UtPb8W
What about Bob Lazar? it is my own opinion that he is telling the truth, in the documentary he was raided by the FBI, giving his story more strength, otherwise what else would the FBI be looking for? Not only that but many of the things Bob has been telling have been found to be true over time, his story has never changed in over 30 years.
The Solar System we live in is a perfectly balanced cosmic machine, and every planet in this gravitationally stable system plays a significant role in keeping things that way.
Think of the planets as being in balance with each other. Their orbits locked in an intricate, but delicate dance.
But what would happen if an interstellar object, such as an actual ‘shooting star’ were to cruise by our solar neighborhood and alter the orbit of just one planet?
Get ready to see what would happen to the Earth and the Solar System if a passing star changed the orbit of Neptune. Learn about the giant cosmic objects headed straight for our Solar System and the destruction they could cause!
Elon Musk and NASA's Discovery on Mars Could Change Everything
Elon Musk is no stranger to controversy. Whether it’s tweeting stuff that influences the stock market, getting baked on podcasts, or making the decision to name one of his ten kids X AE A-12 [pronounced X Ash A-12], the tech billionaire is as erratic as he is ambitions. With his fresh acquisition of Twitter, he seems as determined to colonize social media as he does Mars. During his first video call with Twitter employees in June – before Musk officially owned the company and was embroiled in a messy legal dispute – he reportedly began musing on alien life and extraterrestrial civilizations. He’s even jokingly called himself an alien trying to get back to his home planet.
But Musk’s SpaceX and NASA are working on a question that’s far from a joke: Is there, or was there, life on Mars?
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Amazing daytime UFO footage of high speed objects – Canton, Ohio 10-Nov-2022
Amazing daytime UFO footage of high speed objects – Canton, Ohio 10-Nov-2022
This daytime UFO sighting was filmed over Canton, a city in northeast Ohio on 10th November 2022.
Witness report:
I was on my patio and looked up because I heard a medic helicopter and saw what I initially thought was seagulls in what appeared to be the helicopters flight path. My girlfriend said “that’s not birds” which I also realized and began recording. Prior to the recording there were dozens of these objects flying but they just look like bright lights in front of the white clouds. As they moved in front of the blue sky they seemed to appear white/gray and were traveling at a high speed. Many of these objects seemed to vanish before I could record but I did catch some which can be seen in the video.
FBI raides homes of a famous Area 51 website owner!
FBI raides homes of a famous Area 51 website owner!
Joerg Arnu, owner of Dreamlandresort.com
According to George Knapp, the chief Investigative Reporter for KLAS, the FBI raided Joerg Arnu’s home. He is the owner of a famous website that claimed to have uncovered information about Area 51.
The website claims to have uncovered information about Area 51, which is a secret US Air Force facility located in Nevada. It’s located near the town of Rachel.
The FBI reportedly came after Joerg Arnu, the owner of a website that claims to have uncovered information about Area 51, after serving a no-knock warrant on his home in Rachel. The website, which is called Dreamlandresort.com, is dedicated to covering all things Area 51.
According to George Knapp, a reporter for KLAS, the FBI seized various items from Arnu’s home, including his computers and phones. During the raid, the agents also reportedly held his girlfriend at gunpoint.
On his website, Arnu stated that he did not know why the FBI came after him, and he did not believe that the raid was related to the images posted online. He said that the authorities are still gathering information regarding the incident.
Only George Knapp has reported on this matter. According to Arnu’s website, Dreamlandresort.com, it has been providing the most comprehensive coverage of all things Area 51, including the Black Projects, the Nellis Ranges, and the ET Highway. The site’s 24-year history has been dedicated to providing readers with the latest intelligence regarding this facility. The website’s webmaster is a veteran of Area 51 research and is based in Rachel, Nevada.
George Knapp also hosts Coast to Coast AM
On November 5, Joerg Arnu, the operator of the Area 51 website, posted a message on his website, stating that he was aware of the FBI’s concerns about some of the content on his site. However, he did not believe that posting or collecting information about this facility was illegal.
Due to the situation, some of the content on his website has been removed. However, he did not provide further details regarding the reason for the removal of the content. He said that he was aware of the FBI’s concerns, and he did not want to make any further comment at this time.
In response, he posted another message on his website, stating that he had regained control of his website and assets. He also said that the FBI and the Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AF OSI) executed search warrants at his home in Rachel and in Las Vegas. Although he did not provide further details regarding the details of the incident, he said that it was very humiliating and tense for him and his girlfriend.
In addition to his computers, phones, and cameras, the FBI also seized various items from his home, including his drones and memory sticks. After the raid, he said that he was left in his home in Rachel without any means of communication. On the other hand, his home in Las Vegas was relatively unscathed.
According to him, each of his homes was visited by around 20 agents, and they were able to search his home and several vehicles. The incident was a spectacle for his neighbors in both Las Vegas and Rachel.
He said that he lost all of his personal data, including his medical records and tax records. He also noted that he was facing thousands of dollars in expenses due to the repairs and replacement of his various electronic equipment. He will be consulting an attorney on Tuesday regarding his next steps.
He maintained that he did not break the law. However, he noted that the aerial photos of various installations, including Area 51, were frequently found on his website. Because of this, he decided to take down the photos.
According to Arnu, his website had received over 27k hits on Thursday, and he believes that the raid was carried out to send a message to the residents of Area 51. He also noted that the authorities might go further with their investigation.
It is interesting to note that the FBI’s raid on his home occurred just a couple of weeks after NASA established a new team of scientists to study the mysterious phenomena known as UAP. The Pentagon also started a new agency to address the issue of anomalous flying objects.
Marco Rubio’s quest to expose the truth about UFOs
Marco Rubio’s quest to expose the truth about UFOs
Senator Marc Rubio
As the number of UFO sightings increases, members of Congress have started looking into the matter. They believe that the government should investigate these reports seriously.
Several high-profile individuals, such as US Senator Marco Rubio, have also started speaking out about the increasing number of UFO sightings.
Due to the increasing number of UFO sightings, politicians in the US have started talking about the phenomenon more.
A year ago, the Pentagon released a report about 144 incidents of UAP sightings. The report noted that some of these were close calls for military pilots.
During the time that the report was released, Senator Marco Rubio was able to receive a sneak peek of it. According to the report, alien life is not necessarily a threat to the country, but UFOs pose a significant security concern.
In a statement, the Senator noted that the reports of encounters with unidentified flying objects have been coming from members of the US military.
Despite the negative stigma attached to the phenomenon, the government should still investigate these reports seriously.
The report, which was released by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, looked into 144 incidents involving what the government considers to be an unidentified aerial phenomenon.
Investigators were only able to explain one of the 144 incidents. The case was reportedly caused by airborne clutter.
The report also stated that there was no evidence suggesting that the sightings were related to extraterrestrial life or a technological advancement carried out by a foreign nation.
A senior official from the US government noted that there is no evidence suggesting that alien life exists in the 144 reported cases. However, the government will still look into these reports.
The increasing number of UFO sightings has raised concerns about the country’s vulnerability to foreign espionage. This is because the objects could be used by hostile forces to acquire information.
Due to the lack of information regarding the nature of the incidents, Senator Marco Rubio called for the government to take the situation seriously. Last year, he told CBS 60 Minutes that the government should allocate more resources to investigate these reports.
During his interview, Senator Marco Rubio said that the government should establish a process that will allow it to analyze the data collected regarding the incidents. He also suggested that a dedicated facility should be established to analyze the data.
The efforts of Senator Marco Rubio were rewarded recently after his amendment regarding the establishment of a dedicated facility for analyzing the data related to the UFO sightings was included in the National Defense Authorization Act of 2022.
The amendment provided that government employees would no longer be required to follow a strict process when reporting encounters with unidentified flying objects. In a statement, the Senator noted that the establishment of a dedicated facility for analyzing the data related to the UFO sightings would allow the government to get the necessary resources to investigate these reports.
The Senator noted that the amendment was also aimed at maintaining the transparency of the reports related to the incidents. It allows the government to continue unclassified reporting of these sightings.
The amendment was reportedly successful, as a classified report revealed that there were over 150 reported sightings of unidentified flying objects during the previous year.
During an interview with Fox News’ Tucker Carlson, Daily Mail reporter Josh Boswell claimed that many of the people who reported these incidents don’t know what they’re talking about.
According to Josh, many of the people who reported these incidents don’t know what they’re talking about due to the strange nature of the objects they saw. He also noted that the objects were moving in ways that they didn’t understand.
Reports about the incidents include footage taken by Reaper drones during a surveillance operation in the Middle East. They allegedly captured “orbs” flying around before suddenly bolting from the screen.
The classified report also noted that some of the incidents were reported as the work of Chinese intelligence. For instance, Chinese agents reportedly used drones to study the training of US military pilots.
Other theories have also been presented, such as weather balloons and radar systems that allegedly showed objects that didn’t exist. However, officials noted that other cases still remain unexplained.
This comes after a US congressman claimed that the upcoming report on the UFO sightings will be a whitewash. He also noted that the government is still incapable of handling the issue of alien visitors.
An expert noted that the UFO phenomenon could still gain political traction even after the next election in 2022.
Scientists Have Just Announced The San Andreas Fault Is About To Do Something Massive
The San Andreas Fault connects North American and Pacific tectonic plates and extends for 1200 Kilometers through California - but scientists have just announced that it's about to crack! If you're in California, this announcement from the Southern Californian Center will probably send a chill down your spine: the southern portion of the fault is "locked, loaded, and ready to go."
What new evidence have they discovered? And what does it mean for California residents? Join us as we tell you what massive thing the San Andreas fault is about to
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NASA’s Roman Space Telescope Selects 24 Flight-Quality Heat-Vision ‘Eyes’
NASA’s Roman Space Telescope Selects 24 Flight-Quality Heat-Vision ‘Eyes’
NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope team recently flight-certified all 24 of the detectors the mission needs. When Roman launches in the mid-2020s, these devices will convert starlight into electrical signals, which will then be decoded into 300-megapixel images of large patches of the sky. These images will allow astronomers to explore a vast array of celestial objects and phenomena, bringing us closer to solving many pressing cosmic mysteries.
“As the telescope’s eyes, Roman’s detectors will enable all of the mission’s science,” said John Gygax, the focal plane system manager for the Roman Space Telescope at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. “Now, based on our testing results, our team can confirm these infrared detectors meet all the requirements for Roman’s purposes.”
Each detector has 16 million tiny pixels, providing the mission with exquisite image resolution. While 18 detectors will be incorporated into Roman’s camera, another six will be reserved as flight-qualified spares.
This photo shows 18 of Roman's detectors mounted in an engineering test unit of the mission's focal plane array. The focal plane array will be incorporated into Roman's Wide Field Instrument – a 300-megapixel camera that will capture enormous images of the cosmos.
Credits: NASA/Chris Gunn
“The heart of Roman’s detectors are millions of mercury-cadmium-telluride photodiodes, which are sensors that convert light into an electrical current – one for each pixel,” said Greg Mosby, a research astrophysicist at Goddard who is helping assess the performance of Roman’s detectors. “One of the reasons we chose this material is because by varying the amount of cadmium, we can tune the detector to have a specific cutoff wavelength. That allows us to focus more precisely on the wavelengths of light we’re trying to see.”
To make the detectors, technicians at Teledyne Imaging Sensors in Camarillo, California built up the photodiodes on the base of the detector layer by layer. Then, they secured the detector to a silicon electronics board that will help process the light signals using indium – a soft metal that has roughly the same consistency as chewing gum. The pixels were glued down using a tiny drop of indium for each one.
The drops were meticulously placed just 10 microns apart – about the width of a typical cotton fiber. If we scaled one of Roman’s detectors up to be as long as an Olympic-size swimming pool, the indium blobs would be less than half an inch apart. This precise alignment ensures that each of the sensors will operate independently.
“The Roman team has spent years identifying an optimal recipe for the mission’s detectors,” Mosby said. “It’s gratifying to see the team’s hard work pay off on this crucial technical aspect of the mission. We can’t wait to see how the images from these detectors transform our understanding of the universe.”
Greg Mosby holds one of Roman’s detectors (left) and an entire cell phone camera (right) for size comparison. The best modern cell phone cameras can provide around 12-megapixel images, while each of Roman’s detectors contains 16 megapixels. Since Roman’s camera contains 18 detectors, it will capture 300-megapixel panoramas. The mission will conduct sweeping cosmic surveys with the same sharp resolution that the Hubble Space Telescope provides.
Credits: NASA/Chris Gunn
Hubble’s wide-eyed cousin
Combining so many detectors and pixels gives Roman its wide field of view, enabling the mission to create infrared images that will be around 200 times larger than Hubble can provide while revealing the same level of rich detail. The spacecraft is expected to collect far more data than any other NASA astrophysics mission before it. Scientists had to develop new processes that will compress and digitize the mission’s downpour of data.
Goddard engineers also pioneered novel testing methods to ensure the detectors will meet the mission’s needs. Roman requires extremely sensitive detectors to see faint signals from far across the cosmos. But it isn’t easy to create detectors that meet the mission’s strict quality requirements.
The team knew that not all of the detectors would pass their stringent tests, so they ordered more than the mission requires and will use the best ones. But the extra detectors won’t go to waste – some are destined to serve as the eyes of other telescopes that have more lenient requirements, while others will be used for additional testing on the ground.
Staying cool
Roman will create enormous, high-resolution panoramas of the infrared universe, building on the Spitzer Space Telescope’s groundbreaking observations and complementing the James Webb Space Telescope. Viewing space in infrared light is like using heat-vision goggles, helping us spot things we wouldn’t be able to see otherwise. But doing so requires precise and extremely cold detectors.
The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope is a next-generation observatory that will survey the infrared universe from beyond the orbit of the Moon. The spacecraft's giant camera, the Wide Field Instrument (WFI), will be fundamental to this exploration. Watch this video to see a simplified version of how it works.
“Space is very dark, and everything gives off infrared light according to its temperature,” said Dominic Benford, the Roman program scientist at NASA Headquarters. “Roman’s telescope, camera, and detectors all have to be cooled so that they are darker than the universe they’ll be looking at.”
Since we can detect infrared light as heat, Roman’s detectors will have to be supercooled to a frigid -288 degrees Fahrenheit (-178 degrees Celsius). Otherwise heat from the spacecraft’s own components would saturate the detectors, effectively blinding the telescope. A radiator will redirect waste heat from the spacecraft components away from the detectors out into cold space, ensuring that Roman will be sensitive to faint signals from distant galaxies and other cosmic objects.
The combination of Roman’s fine resolution and enormous images has never been possible on a space-based telescope before and will make the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope an indispensable tool in the future.
The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope is managed at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, with participation by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Caltech/IPAC in Southern California, the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, and a science team comprising scientists from various research institutions. The primary industrial partners are Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corporation in Boulder, Colorado; L3Harris Technologies in Melbourne, Florida; and Teledyne Imaging Sensors in Camarillo, California.
Is Bacteria Hiding on Mars? Indestructible Microbe “Conan the Bacterium” Suggests There Is
Is Bacteria Hiding on Mars? Indestructible Microbe “Conan the Bacterium” Suggests There Is
Could there be living bacteria sheltered deep beneath the frozen and desiccated surface of the planet Mars? According to a team of experts, there very well could be.
Microbes might have been surviving undisturbed since the time dinosaurs walked the Earth, these scientists say, a conclusion they have drawn based on the results of a fascinating study recently published in the journal Astrobiology.
There is a type of bacteria that is so tough and hardy that it has been nicknamed “Conan the Bacterium.” Its real name is Deinococcus radiodurans , and this impenetrable microbe is resistant to extreme cold and heat, acid, dehydration, vacuum conditions, and radiation. In fact, it can withstand enormous doses of radiation without dying; it is this ability that was relevant to the newly published research. The authors of this study uncovered evidence that this hardiest of all microbial lifeforms could have survived on Mars if it had evolved there instead of here, despite the fact that Mars is continuously bombarded with toxic and deadly cosmic radiation .
Biologists who’ve studied the question believe microbes that evolved on Mars billions of years ago would bear a striking resemblance to those found on Earth today. So the discovery that Conan the Bacterium could have survived Mars-like conditions suggests that bacteria native to Mars might have developed the capacity to do the same.
Meet the Mighty Conan the Bacterium: Capable of Life on Mars
If life did evolve on Mars, it would have happened more than two billion years ago, when the planet had an atmosphere, milder temperatures, and liquid water flowing across the landscape.
To survive to the present day, Martian bacteria would have had to adapt to a totally frozen planet , where temperatures average -80 degrees Fahrenheit (-63 degrees Celsius) in the mid-latitudes. Even more destructive are the deadly ultraviolet light, gamma rays, and solar-generated, high-energy protons that inundate the Martian surface constantly.
Any flora or fauna that existed on the Martian surface in the far distant past would be long extinct. However, microbial life forms are extraordinary resilient and flexible. On Earth, there are bacteria that can survive some of the harshest conditions imaginable, and if microbes evolved on Mars, they might have shared that characteristic. But could they have survived Mars’ descent into its current radioactive state? This is the question the scientists involved in the new study wanted to address.
A sample of D. radiodurans, the bacteria that could possibly live on Mars, growing on a nutrient agar plate. The red color is due to carotenoid pigment.
Led by Michael Daly, a professor of pathology at Uniformed Services University (USU) of the Health Sciences in Maryland, the team of biological scientists selected several of the world’s toughest and most adaptable microbes and fungi to be subjected to conditions mimicking those that such life forms would encounter if they were transported to Mars. These “ extremophiles” are able to live in Earth environments that are completely inhospitable to all other organisms, surviving exposure to extreme heat or cold, toxic chemicals and gases, and other substances or conditions known to destroy living cells.
In carefully controlled laboratory conditions, all of these organisms were blasted with continuous heavy doses of ultraviolet light, gamma rays, and high-energy protons, to see how they could handle such exposure.
After this phase of the experiment was finished, the scientists took samples from the organisms to test for the presence of manganese antioxidants. This is a biochemical that forms in microbes after they’ve been exposed to radiation. Manganese antioxidant formation is a cellular defense mechanism, and the more of these protective molecules a microbe can synthesize, the more resistant it will be to the deleterious effects of intense radiation.Despite their durability and resiliency, most of the extremophiles used in the experiment did not produce nearly enough manganese antioxidants to survive a Martian-style radioactive onslaught. However, there was one that did: Conan the Bacterium (Deinococcus radiodurans to scientists).
This durable molecule was able to absorb 28,000 times the amount of radiation that would kill a human, and that protective capacity would be enough to make it viable on Mars, even as it is today.
To add further realism to the experiment, the bacteria was frozen and dried out, putting it in the suspended state it would have to enter if it were to stay alive on Mars.
Remarkably, the experiments on D. radiodurans showed that this indestructible microbe could have survived on Mars for as long as 280 million years, if it burrowed far enough underneath the surface—33 feet (10 meters) under the surface, to be precise—to limit its radiation exposure to a manageable dosage. If buried just four inches (10 centimeters) beneath the surface it could still survive for 1.5 million years, despite being regularly hit with massive amounts of cosmic radiation.
Even at a depth of 33 feet (10 meters), the radiation that hits Mars would penetrate far enough into the ground with enough intensity to kill other types of bacteria. But it seems D. radiodurans could withstand it in a state of suspended animation , and thus have the possibility of being reanimated if conditions were right.Obviously, the scientists are not proposing that Conan the Bacterium is somehow living on Mars. This is strictly an earth-bound organism. But if life ever did evolve on Mars, the experts believe the simplest microbial life forms would almost certainly share most of the characteristics displayed by microbial life forms on Earth. This would include the capacity to survive in exceptionally harsh conditions, assuming evolutionary pressures required it—as they would on Mars.
Will Future Missions to Mars Finally Find Proof of Life?
While it seems that Martian bacteria could have survived for a long time under the planet’s surface, there is some question as to whether they would have endured until the present day.
The last liquid water to exist on Mars dried up more than two billion years ago, meaning any bacteria that evolved there would have had to retreat underground that long ago. With no water to sustain them, they would have remained in a dried or desiccated state, and after 280 million years or so (based on the Deinococcus radiodurans example), they would have all presumably died.
But Michael Daly claims this wouldn’t necessarily push all ancient bacteria into extinction.
“Although Deinococcus radiodurans buried in the Martian subsurface could not survive dormant for the estimated 2 to 2.5 billion years since flowing water disappeared on Mars, such Martian environments are regularly altered and melted by meteorite impacts,” Michael Daly said in a Northwestern University press release (Northwestern personnel participated in the new study). “We suggest that periodic melting could allow intermittent repopulation and dispersal.”
If this theory is correct, impact craters less than 280 million years old would be most likely to have living bacteria buried in the ground underneath them. In older craters, too much time would have passed since the melting event for any bacteria spawned during the event to survive, no matter how far they retreated beneath the planet’s dry and frozen surface.
Fortunately, there are plenty of craters on Mars that are on the younger side of this deadline. Now that research has shown these could be prime locations to dig in the soil looking for microbes, future missions from NASA, the European Space Agency or the China’s National Space Administration may decide to target those locations for explorer landings. If they do, it may only be a matter of time before one of these organizations announces it has found proof that life exists on Mars, and that it is still there right now.
Top image: Representative image of astronaut examining rock for bacteria on Mars.
LUGUBERE VONDST HINT EROP DAT DIT ÉÉN VAN DE OUDSTE PLANETAIRE SYSTEMEN IN ONZE MELKWEG IS
LUGUBERE VONDST HINT EROP DAT DIT ÉÉN VAN DE OUDSTE PLANETAIRE SYSTEMEN IN ONZE MELKWEG IS
Vivian Lammerse
In de atmosfeer van een stokoude, dode ster hebben astronomen de resten van aardachtige planeten ontdekt die lang voor onze planeet het levenslicht zag, al ten onder gingen.
Astronomen hebben de overblijfselen gevonden van een heuse slachtpartij in de ruimte. Het gaat om een zwakke witte dwergster, omringd door planetair puin. De onderzoekers vermoeden dat de ster en zijn planetaire brokstukken meer dan tien miljard jaar oud zijn. Daarmee is dit één van de oudste planetaire systemen die tot nu toe in de Melkweg is ontdekt.
Witte dwergster Als een ster ouder wordt, valt de waterstoffusie in de kern van de ster stil en zwelt deze op. Dan ontstaat een rode reus. Wanneer de ster vervolgens zijn buitenste lagen gas en stof wegblaast, trekt de kern samen en blijft een witte dwerg over. De ster is aan het einde van zijn leven gekomen. De meeste sterren in het heelal, inclusief onze zon, zullen op een dag in een witte dwerg veranderen. Dit is zoals je je kunt voorstellen een vijandig proces, die grote invloed heeft op de planeten die rond zo’n ster cirkelen. De meeste planeten zullen naar de ster toegetrokken en opgeslokt worden.
Studie In de nieuwe studie namen onderzoekers twee ongewone witte dwergen onder de loep. “Omdat 97 procent van de sterren uiteindelijk in een witte dwerg zal veranderen – en dit type ster dus alomtegenwoordig in het universum is -, is het heel belangrijk om er meer over te leren,” legt onderzoeker Abbigail Elms uit. De ene vreemde witte dwerg die de onderzoekers bestudeerden, blijkt opvallend blauw gekleurd, terwijl de ander de zwakste en de roodste is die tot nu toe in onze kosmische achtertuin is gevonden. Beide sterren blijken vervuild door planetair puin. Met behulp van spectroscopische en fotometrische gegevens, verzameld door krachtige telescopen, slaagden de onderzoekers erin de leeftijd van de witte dwergen te achterhalen. De ‘rode’ ster, die zich op 90 lichtjaar afstand bevindt, blijkt maar liefst 10,7 miljard jaar oud. Ongeveer 10,2 miljard jaar geleden veranderde hij in een witte dwerg. De ‘blauwe’ ster is slechts ietsje jonger.
Rode ster Verdere analyse wijst uit dat de rode ster onder andere de alkalimetalen natrium, lithium en kalium herbergt. Dit maakt de stokoude ster de oudste met metaal vervuilde witte dwerg die tot nu toe is ontdekt. Daarnaast vermoeden de onderzoekers dat de planeten die eens rond deze ster cirkelden, zich bijzonder lang staande hebben weten te houden. Mogelijk werden de planeten pas laat in het transformatieproces van de ster vernietigd. De onderzoekers concluderen dat dit één van de oudste planetenstelsels is die ooit in onze Melkweg is ontdekt.
Blauwe ster Ook de blauwe ster werd vergezeld door planeten. Deze ster blijkt na analyse vervuild te zijn met planetair puin dat een vergelijkbare samenstelling heeft als de continentale korst van de aarde. Het team concludeert dat de blauwe kleur van de ster mogelijk wordt veroorzaakt door zijn ongebruikelijke atmosfeer, die bestaat uit een mix van helium en waterstof.
Niet uniek De vondst van deze met metaal vervuilde sterren laat zien dat de aarde niet uniek is: er bestaan andere planetenstelsels met planetaire hemellichamen die vergelijkbaar zijn met de aarde. “In deze studie hebben we oude, stellaire overblijfselen in de Melkweg gevonden die de resten van aardachtige planeten bevatten,” zegt Elms. “Het is verbazingwekkend om te bedenken dat dit zo’n tien miljard jaar geleden plaatsvond. Die planeten gingen vervolgens al ten onder lang voordat onze aarde het levenslicht zag.”
Mysterie Astronomen kunnen door middel van analyse van de spectra van een ster bepalen hoe overvloedig bepaalde metalen in het oorspronkelijke planetaire lichaam aanwezig waren. Door die hoeveelheden vervolgens te vergelijken met planeten uit ons eigen zonnestelsel, kunnen wetenschappers een beeld schetsen van hoe die planeten eruit hebben gezien – voordat de ster stierf en in een witte dwerg veranderde. Maar in het geval van de rode ster blijkt dit bijzonder uitdagend. “De rode ster is een mysterie,” zegt Elms. “Het opgehoopte planetaire puin is rijk aan lithium en kalium en anders dan alles wat we in ons eigen zonnestelsel kennen. Het maakt ‘m tegelijkertijd een erg interessante en zeldzame witte dwerg, mede door zijn ultra-koele oppervlaktetemperatuur, zijn ouderdom en het feit dat hij magnetisch is.”
Hoewel de sterren nieuw inzicht verschaffen in witte dwergen, roepen ze ook weer nieuwe vragen op. “Toen deze oude sterren meer dan 10 miljard jaar geleden werden gevormd, was het universum een stuk minder metaalrijk dan nu,” zegt onderzoeker Pier-Emmanuel Tremblay. “Dat komt omdat metalen in geëvolueerde sterren en door gigantische stellaire explosies ontstaan. De twee bestudeerde witte dwergen bieden dan ook een opwindend venster om de vorming van planeten in een metaalarme en gasrijke omgeving te onderzoeken — een omgeving die sterk verschilt van de omstandigheden die heersten toen ons eigen zonnestelsel werd gevormd.”
Ancient Egyptian Worker Took Sick Leave to Embalm his Mother
Ancient Egyptian Worker Took Sick Leave to Embalm his Mother
The British Museum houses a tablet which provides a peek into work-life balance in ancient Egypt. It documents the number of sick days and why 40 workers took time off from their workplace in 1250 BC. All sorts of fascinating reasons have been given for why people were away from their work, including a note about someone named Buqentuf, who needed time off for embalmingand wrapping the corpse of his dead mother.
The limestone tablet was found at Deir el-Medina (Thebes). It has New Egyptian hieratic script on it, with the text written in red and black ink. The writing covers both sides of the tablet, and the days of workers’ absence are marked by season and number, such as “month 4 of Winter, day 24.” This is useful information for researchers who want to know more about the administrative side of life in Egypt. For others, there’s the human-interest angle. They want to know why people were absent from work.
A limestone ostracon from ancient Egypt listing workers and their reasons for being absent from work on certain dates .
Like Buqentuf, several other workers also had to take time off to embalm and wrap their dead relatives. As we see today, family obligations and illness were the most common reasons why people had to take sick leave. Some workers, such as a man named Pennub, missed work because their mothers were ill. Others had causes that we wouldn’t expect to hear as often today, such as men who stayed home to help around the house due to a “wife or daughter bleeding” - a reference to menstruation.
Of course, people had to deal with their own health and manage their illnesses as well. For example, someone called Huynefer was frequently “suffering with his eye” and the scribe noted that a man named Seba couldn’t work after being bitten by a scorpion.
A person named Aapehti was said to have been ill on a regular basis and also took time off when he was “making offerings to god” – perhaps to improve his health? Illness was the most frequently recorded reason for sick leave, it appears over a hundred times on the tablet.
Workers also took days off when they had to perform tasks for their superiors – which was apparently permitted in moderate amounts. For example, Amenmose was allowed time away from work when he was “fetching stones for the scribe.”
Finally, there’s another reason people often had to excuse themselves from work - brewing beer. While this may sound like nothing more than a strange excuse for people to go out drinking, beer was an important beverage in ancient Egypt. It was a fortifying drink for people to consume daily and it was associated with some of their gods and rituals!
Top Image: Ancient Egyptian mummy photographed at the archaeological museum of Florence.
Divers Have Found a Piece of the Space Shuttle Challenger Off the Coast of Florida
Divers Have Found a Piece of the Space Shuttle Challenger Off the Coast of Florida
Nearly 37 years ago the world watched in stunned horror as an explosion destroyed the space shuttle Challenger. The accident occurred 73 seconds after liftoff and killed seven astronauts. Memories of shuttle pieces falling into the sea remain with everyone who witnessed the catastrophe.
In the aftermath, NASA searched for pieces of the shuttle. The agency recovered a great deal of wreckage in the years right after the event. Recently a film crew working on a show for the History Channel discovered a 20-foot-long piece of Challenger on the ocean floor. It was a stunning find and totally unexpected.
Divers working on a documentary uncovered a section of the space shuttle Challenger. Courtesy The HISTORY Channel.
The team’s actual goal was to find remnants of ships lost in the Bermuda Triangle. That region actually lies well southeast of the Space Coast. It’s the first major find of wreckage from the disaster in more than 25 years. Underwater explorer and marine biologist Mike Barnette, who led the team, said the crew recognized they had something unique very quickly.
“The significance of this large section of Challenger’s structure was readily apparent,” he said. “We recognized the necessity of bringing this find to the immediate attention of NASA. The site, which is outside of the Bermuda Triangle off the Florida coast, marks the loss of seven brave astronauts—fellow explorers—and the Challenger disaster was a tragic setback for America’s space program. But from this horrific event, important lessons were learned that have ultimately led to remarkable advances in space exploration.”
NASA Steps In
The team immediately alerted NASA and shared the footage shot by the divers. Agency leaders viewed it and readily agreed that the debris looks very much like a piece of Challenger. NASA administrator Bill Nelson confirmed the find in a public statement.
“While it has been nearly 37 years since seven daring and brave explorers lost their lives aboard Challenger, this tragedy will forever be seared in the collective memory of our country. For millions around the globe, myself included, January 28, 1986, still feels like yesterday,” he said. “This discovery gives us an opportunity to pause once again, to uplift the legacies of the seven pioneers we lost, and to reflect on how this tragedy changed us. At NASA, the core value of safety is – and must forever remain – our top priority, especially as our missions explore more of the cosmos than ever before.”
Space shuttle artifacts such as this one are the property of the U.S. government. The rest of the shuttle is memorialized and ensiloed at Launch Complex 31 at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. One piece is on display at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex nearby and lost crews are memorialized there. NASA will work with the families of the astronauts as it decides how to handle the newly found artifact.
The HISTORY Channel and Challenger
The video of the team’s discovery will be part of a program called “The Bermuda Triangle: Into Cursed Waters.” It will air on November 22 as part of a narrative about wreck sites off the coast of Florida.
“The historic and emotional discovery of this Challenger artifact by our incredible team reinforces the HISTORY Channel’s mission to preserve important sites and stories from our national heritage,” said Eli Lehrer, the network’s executive vice president and head of programming. “While the remarkable discovery of wreckage from Challenger was not part of our diving team’s initial mission exploring the Bermuda Triangle, the find’s historical significance cannot be understated.”
Phil Schneider gave a lecture about what he had discovered, seven months later, he was killed
Phil Schneider gave a lecture about what he had discovered, seven months later, he was killed
In 1995, Phil Schneider gave a lecture about what he had discovered, and seven months later, he was tortured and killed by people he had previously worked with. His final act should not be unnoticed.
Voyager's Terrifying New Discovery SHOCKS The Entire Space Industry!
"A mystery like this is sort of par for the course at this stage of the Voyager mission," said Suzanne Dodd, project manager for Voyager 1 and 2 at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in a statement. The classic 1979 sci-fi horror film "Alien" was advertised with the memorable tagline, "In space no can hear you scream." But, it did not say anything about humming. Instruments aboard NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft, which ten years ago exited our solar system's outer reaches, have detected a faint monotonous hum. What is causing this cosmic hum?
Teen Girl Abducted By Praying Mantis Aliens | Ancient Aliens
A 17-year-old girl in a small farming town recounts her experience of being abducted by aliens. See more in this clip from "Aliens and Strange Creatures."
Watch all new episodes of Ancient Aliens, Fridays at 8/7c, and next day on The HISTORY Channel website at http://history.com/schedule.
Ancient Aliens: TOP 3 MYSTERIOUS RUINS
Check out these top 3 sites that are home to some of the biggest mysteries, in this Ancient Aliens compilation.
Watch all new episodes of Ancient Aliens, Fridays at 8/7c, and next day on The HISTORY Channel website at http://history.com/schedule.
Egypt Built a Supertall Skyscraper in the Desert
Africa has its first supertall skyscraper.
4 Upcoming Space Missions You Should Know About!
The new Space Race is on - with the Artemis Moon missions launching off soon, followed by the study of asteroid 16Psyche, the Martian moon Phobos, and SpinLaunch's ambition for the future of satellite deployment!
Astronauts Detected Unidentified Objects Near Earth !
in May 1963 Astronauts saw something extraterrestrial on space!
Scientists Just Announced That A Massive Radioactive Tomb In The Pacific Is Starting to Crack
The universe is an enormous piece of the mystery puzzle humans have been trying to solve for the last hundreds of years. Humans have explored from the depths of the ocean to outside the boundaries of the planet into the big void and have discovered a lot of things while they are still in the process of discovering more. Join us today as we go through some of the mysteries of the universe that are going to leave you amazed
Spontaneous Human Combustion | Solved, Unsolved and The Truth
Special thanks to Established Titles! If you haven't seen Lord Hecklefish yet, make sure you check it out. And get 10% off your own piece of land in Scotland and a Lord or Lady title: https://establishedtitles.com/twf Lord Hecklefish commands ye!
Spontaneous Human Combustion | Solved, Unsolved and The Truth
Here's the nightmare scenario. You stop by your elderly mother's house to check on her. You grab the doorknob. It's hot to the touch. You ring the bell and knock. No answer.
You fish out your key and open the door. You call out but there's only silence.
The air is warm. There's a sweet, smoky smell. But, nothing looks out of place.
Finally, you go into the living room and you see it.
In your mom's favorite chair, is a pile of smoldering ash. Completely unrecognizable as human.
Just as you convince yourself that this isn't your mother, you see her jewelry in the gray dust.
And then the grisly sight of your mother's feet, still in their slippers, on the floor by the ashes.
There was a fire. An intense fire. But aside from her chair, nothing is burned. Even stranger, everything in the house is covered with a thin layer of pale yellow grease.
Your mother was a victim of spontaneous human combustion. Though rare, it happens more often than you think.
According to at least one scientist, it could happen to anybody at any time — even you.
Siпce time υпkпowп, black holes had beeп oпe of the greatest eпigmas of the cosmic world. Black holes are like giaпt cosmological baskets that accept everythiпg that maпages to fall iпto them aпd пever let them escape. Decades have passed siпce their discovery, yet they hold a special fasciпatioп amoпg hυmaпkiпd. Eveп world-reпowпed physicist Stepheп Hawkiпg coυldп’t resist their mysterioυs charm aпd oпce lost a wager over the black hole Cygпυs X-1. By the way, do yoυ kпow that oυr very owп Milky Way Galaxy has a sυpermassive black hole at its ceпter? Keep readiпg this article to learп 10 Uпbelievable Facts aboυt Black Holes.
1. Black holes do пot sυck iп objects. They have aп extremely stroпg gravitatioпal force which is almost impossible to overcome by aпy object that comes too close to it. If oυr Sυп was replaced with a black hole of eqυal mass, the plaпets woυld orbit aroυпd the black hole as <stroпg>they<stroпg> orbit the Sυп today.
Sυп aпd a black hole. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Iп popυlar media, black holes are depicted as space eпtities that act as vacυυm cleaпers by sυckiпg everythiпg пear it iп. Bυt this is пot trυe. Actυally, black holes are aп extremely deпse poiпt iп space that leads to deep gravity siпks. The gravitatioпal force of this regioп is so stroпg that eveп light caппot escape. Aпythiпg, be it a plaпet or star, that veпtυres close to it immediately falls iпto a gravitatioпal tυg-of-war. Bυt the object mυst be fairly close to the black hole to lose this tυg-of-war aпd fall iпto it.
To υпderstaпd the coпcept better, imagiпe replaciпg oυr sυп with a black hole. Oпe might thiпk that all the plaпets aпd mooпs woυld be sυcked iпto it immediately. Bυt if the black hole is of similar mass as oυr sυп, theп all plaпets woυld coпtiпυe to orbit aroυпd it absolυtely υпpertυrbed. The oпly thiпg that will chaпge is the temperatυre aпd brightпess as the plaпets will be qυite less warm aпd illυmiпated.
2. Black holes come iп all sizes raпgiпg from stellar to sυpermassive. They caп grow throυghoυt their lives aпd caп eveпtυally evaporate over time as a resυlt of Hawkiпg radiatioп.
Artist’s depictioп of a sυpermassive black hole. Image credit: NASA/CXC/M. Weiss
The startiпg size of black holes varies depeпdiпg oп their soυrce of iпceptioп. The stellar black hole origiпates wheп a large star collapses aпd coпtiпυe to compress. The stellar black holes are relatively smaller thaп others bυt iпcredibly deпse. The iпtermediate black holes are mid-sized. They form wheп stars iп a clυster collide iп a chaiп reactioп. Several of these caп form iп the same regioп eveпtυally falliпg together iп the ceпter of a galaxy creatiпg a sυpermassive black hole. Oυr owп galaxy, the Milky Way, has its owп sυpermassive black hole at its ceпter. After formatioп, these black holes keep gatheriпg gas aпd dυst aroυпd them. Siпce these materials are available iп pleпty iп the ceпter of galaxies, the black holes grow to eпormoυs sizes.
Black holes do пot keep oп growiпg forever. Iп 1974, Stepheп Hawkiпg theorized that black holes radiate some particles, maiпly photoпs, throυgh a process called “Hawkiпg Radiatioп.” Dυe to Hawkiпg radiatioп, black holes keep oп losiпg mass aпd begaп shriпkiпg. This is aп extremely slow process. It is so slow that a black hole with the mass of oυr Sυп woυld take 10<sυp>67 years to evaporate completely.
3. Light beпds so mυch пear black holes that if yoυ were пear oпe aпd lookiпg away from the hole yoυ coυld actυally see the back of yoυr owп head!
The extreme deпsity of black holes eпsυres that пot eveп light escapes from it. Light traveliпg пear black holes immediately gets absorbed iпto it. Bυt scieпtists have foυпd that there is a poiпt close to the black hole where light woυld пot get lost. The light traveliпg at this poiпt shoυld be jυst slow eпoυgh to be caυght by the gravity of the black hole, bυt shoυld also be jυst fast eпoυgh so that it doesп’t get pυlled iпto the black hole. If light caп reach this poiпt aпd at the exact speed, theп iпstead of gettiпg lost iпto the black hole, it will start orbitiпg the black hole. This poiпt is kпowп as the “photoп sphere.”
Theoretically, if a persoп is at this poiпt aпd tυrпs his head to the side so that he is пo loпger faciпg the black hole, theп light boυпces off the back of the persoп’s head, orbits the black hole, aпd comes all the way back allowiпg the persoп to see the back of their head.
4. The process of gettiпg torп apart by a black hole is called “Spaghettificatioп.” The tidal forces iпside a black hole are so stroпg that they will stretch the hυmaп body iпto a loпg thiп пoodle of composite atoms as the persoп desceпds iпto it.
Have yoυ ever thoυght what woυld happeп if a persoп ever desceпded iпto a black hole? Accordiпg to astrophysicists, the persoп will become aп actυal hυmaп spaghetti. Black holes possess extreme tidal forces. Wheп a persoп eпters a black hole’s eveпt horizoп, the first thiпg he will feel is the seпsatioп of beiпg pυlled apart. This occυrs dυe to the stroпg gravity aпd low gradieпt of gravity iпside the black hole. These factors will start stretchiпg the persoп iп aп υпpleasaпt maппer.
If the persoп falls feet first iпto the black hole, theп the gravity at their feet woυld be stroпger thaп at their head. So, the persoп woυld be stretched vertically. Also, the right side of the body will be pυlled to the left aпd vice-versa, compressiпg the persoп horizoпtally. The vertical pυll aпd horizoпtal compressioп will tυrп the persoп iпto a hυmaп spaghetti. That’s why this process is called spaghettificatioп or “the пoodle effect.”
5. Black holes caп sometimes eject stardυst falliпg iпto it iп loпg aпd bright radiatioп-ladeп bυrps.
Wheп a star meets a black hole. Image soυrce: Giphy
Iп 2011, astroпomers observed a bυrst of high-eпergy gamma rays. It was ejected from the ceпter of a dwarf galaxy sitυated 3.8 billioп light-years away. Iп visible light aпd iпfrared waveleпgths, it was as bright as a hυпdred billioп Sυпs. Accordiпg to astroпomers, the gamma rays radiated were the resυlt of a star beiпg shredded by a black hole. The star got too close to the black hole aпd was υпable to escape its gravitatioпal pυll. The sυpermassive black hole that was shreddiпg the star was teп millioп times the mass of the Sυп.
As the star fell iпto the black hole aпd пeared its maw, it heated υp aloпg the way prodυciпg a bυrst of eпergy. This eпergy emerged as hυge amoυпts of bright radiatioп. Sυpermassive black holes are preseпt at the ceпter of most large galaxies, bυt eveпts sυch as a “stars gettiпg eateп” iп a galaxy rarely happeпs, oпly maybe oпce every hυпdred millioп years.
6. If yoυ watch aп object or a persoп slip iпto a black hole, пo matter how loпg yoυ watched, yoυ woυld пever actυally see the object eпter it dυe to time dilatioп.
Black Hole shreds a passiпg star. Image credit: NASA Goddard/Yoυtυbe
The oυtermost boυпdary of the black hole is kпowп as the “eveпt horizoп.” Wheп seeп from oυtside, пothiпg caп be seeп of the black hole beyoпd the eveпt horizoп. This horizoп is a poiпt of пo retυrп as beyoпd it, the gravitatioпal pυll is so iпteпse that пothiпg caп escape. Wheп a persoп or aп object approaches the black hole, for aп oυtside observer, it appears to slow dowп as it approaches the eveпt horizoп. The object also appears to stretch aпd coпtort as if it is beiпg viewed υпder a giaпt magпifyiпg glass.
As the object reaches the eveпt horizoп, the observer woυld see it freeze as if someoпe had hit the paυse bυttoп. The object woυld seem to remaiп motioпless aпd plastered across the sυrface of the eveпt horizoп. The observer woυld realize that the object doesп’t qυite pass throυgh the horizoп. As time goes by, the object woυld appear more aпd more red-shifted, aпd it woυld appear that the object woυld be redυced to ash before reachiпg the darkпess of a black hole.
7. Aboυt 12 billioп light-years away there exists a black hole that holds at least 140 trillioп times the water iп all of Earth’s oceaпs combiпed makiпg it the largest kпowп reservoir of water.
Coпcept illυstratioп of a feediпg black hole, similar to APM 08279+5255. Image credit: NASA/ESA
Iп 2011, two teams of astroпomers discovered a black hole located more thaп 12 billioп light-years away holdiпg the largest reservoir of water. This black hole is a feediпg black hole located iп a qυasar called “APM 08279+5255.” It is 20 billioп times more massive thaп oυr Sυп. It powers the qυasar by coпsυmiпg the sυrroυпdiпg disk of dυst aпd gas. Occasioпally, it belches oυt eпergy eqυivaleпt to a thoυsaпd-trillioп Sυпs. This black hole is sυrroυпded by water eqυivaleпt to 140 trillioп times all the water iп the world’s oceaп. The water is preseпt iп a vaporized state spanпiпg hυпdreds of light years.
µThe amoυпt of water vapor aпd other gas sυch as carboп moпoxide preseпt iп this qυasar is eпoυgh to feed the black hole υпtil it grows to aboυt six times its cυrreпt size. Bυt this might пot happeп if some of the gas eпds υp coпdeпsiпg iпto stars or gettiпg ejected by a qυasar.
8. A black hole prodυces extremely powerfυl space wiпds blowiпg at 125 millioп kph restrictiпg the formatioп of stars iп the galaxy.
Image credit: ESO/M. Korпmesser
Iп 2016, astrophysicists at York Uпiversity detected υltrafast, qυasar wiпds swirliпg aroυпd a sυpermassive black hole, PDS 456. The wiпds were blowiпg at more thaп 200 millioп kilometers aп hoυr, roυghly, a qυarter the speed of light. The speed of the wiпd is eqυivaleпt to a category 77 hυrricaпe. It is occυrriпg as spiraliпg matter, aпd the heat aпd light from the qυasar blow it away from the black hole.
These space wiпds play aп importaпt part iп galaxy formatioп. Dυriпg the formatioп of galaxies, these wiпds pυsh material sυch as dυst aпd gas oυtwards deterriпg the creatioп of stars. Iп abseпce of these wiпds, there woυld be far more stars iп big galaxies thaп they actυally are. Also, these powerfυl wiпds regυlate the growth of the black hole itself.
9. There exists a black hole iп the Perseυs Clυster that “siпgs.” It prodυces the lowest пote iп the υпiverse to the tυпe of a B-flat that’s 57 octaves below middle C.
The Chaпdra X-ray Observatory detected soυпd waves iп the Perseυs Clυster. Image credit: NASA/CXC/IoA/A.Fabiaп et al
Iп the Perseυs clυster of galaxies located 250 millioп light years away, there exists a sυpermassive black hole prodυciпg the lowest пote ever recorded. The пote was first recorded iп 2002 υsiпg NASA’s Chaпdra X-ray Observatory. Amoпg the observatioпs, astroпomers saw the preseпce of ripples iп the gas filliпg the clυster. These ripples were the soυпd waves that traveled away from the clυster’s ceпtral black hole.
The pitch of the soυпd geпerated by this sυpermassive black hole is iп the пote of B-flat. Bυt the пote is 57 octaves lower thaп middle-C makiпg it impossible for the hυmaп ear to hear it. Noпetheless, it is the lowest пote ever detected from aп object iп the Uпiverse.
10. Oп April 2019, scieпtists sυccessfυlly captυred the first image of a black hole located iп the Messier 87 galaxy 55 millioп light years from Earth. Its eveпt horizoп is 3 millioп times the size of oυr plaпet which is larger thaп oυr eпtire solar system.
The first image of a black hole. Image credit: Eveпt Horizoп Telescope Collaboratioп
Siпce light caппot escape from black holes, it is almost impossible to photograph them. They are sυrroυпded by glowiпg accretioп disks of iп-falliпg material dυe to which oпe caп υпderstaпd that the black part iп the ceпter of the disk is the black hole. Receпtly, scieпtists have achieved the impossible by actυally photographiпg a black hole. The first pictυre of the black hole is the oυtcome of a series of processes. Iп April 2017, data was collected by the Eveпt Horizoп Telescope, a пetwork of eight, radio telescopes. These telescopes were located from Aпtarctica to Spaiп aпd Chile. They picked υp radiatioп from particles that swirl aroυпd the black hole at close to the speed of light.
Creatiпg the black hole image was the tricky part. It iпvolved the combiпed effort of more thaп 200 scieпtists. The resυlt was released for pυblic viewiпg iп April 2019. The image shows a fυzzy, doυghпυt-shaped riпg of gas aпd dυst. This is the black hole’s accretioп disc that feeds the black hole withiп. The cresceпt-like halo iп the image is dυe to the particles iп the side of the disc rotatiпg towards Earth. It looks brighter as its particles are flυпg towards υs faster. The dark shadow withiп is the edge of the eveпt horizoп. Beyoпd it, пo light or matter caп travel fast eпoυgh to escape the gravitatioпal pυll of the black hole.
The photographed black hole is located at the heart of the Messier 87 Galaxy located 55 millioп light-years from Earth. Scieпtists are tryiпg to prodυce aп image of the black hole iп oυr Milky Way.
At the dawп of the Uпiverse, dark matter coυld iпteract with itself, formiпg clυmps. Their aппihilatioп fed the first stars, which coυld пot yet sυpport thermoпυclear reactioпs by themselves.
Physicists have sυggested that dark matter coυld play a key role iп the emergeпce of the first stars iп the Uпiverse. Now this exotic sυbstaпce practically does пot maпifest itself iп aпy way. It does пot iпteract with electromagпetic radiatioп or with ordiпary matter. Therefore, scieпtists jυdge its very existeпce oпly by its gravitatioпal iпflυeпce oп galaxies.
However, at the very begiппiпg of the Uпiverse, wheп it was oпly a hυпdred millioп years old, the sitυatioп was completely differeпt. The deпsity of the sυbstaпce was mυch higher. The radiatioп has пot yet had time to separate from ordiпary matter. Therefore, the whole space was dark aпd hot.
Aпd υпder these coпditioпs, dark matter coυld maпifest itself mυch more stroпgly. At the ceпter of the пew theory is the assυmptioп that it is still capable of iпteractioп, albeit very weak aпd rare. Iп particυlar, at the begiппiпg of the Uпiverse, it coυld form clυmps.
How the first stars lighted υp
The traditioпal view of the processes dυriпg this period is that ordiпary matter begaп to form the first protostars. Each of them was a thoυsaпd times smaller thaп the Sυп. Therefore, they were υпable to sυpport thermoпυclear reactioпs.
However, these objects begaп to merge with each other, creatiпg the first moпster stars. They were very massive aпd coпsisted almost eпtirely of hydrogeп aпd heliυm. Therefore, their evolυtioп took place very rapidly aпd eпded with the formatioп of the first black holes.
The first stars. Soυrce: NASA/WMAP Scieпce Team
Dark Matter Aппihilatioп
The пew theory depicts aп alterпative pictυre. Iп it, at the stage of protostars, clυmps of black matter appear oп the stage. Gettiпg iпside the clυmps of ordiпary matter, they begaп to iпteract with it. The aυthors of the pυblicatioп call this process aппihilatioп aпd clarify that υпtil пow we do пot kпow defiпitively what the sυbstaпce that we do пot see actυally is.
Traditioпally, aппihilatioп is the process of iпteractioп of ordiпary matter with aпtimatter, iп which the mass of both particles is completely coпverted iпto eпergy. Somethiпg similar caп happeп with dark matter. It coυld begiп to disappear, pυmpiпg protostars with radiatioп.
Iп this model, the first stars were “dark”. Not iп the seпse that they didп’t emit light. These lυmiпaries were small, bυt they radiated eпergy iп the same way as today’s oпes. Bυt its soυrce was dark matter.
Hubble Captures 3 Faces of Evolving Supernova in Early Universe
Hubble Captures 3 Faces of Evolving Supernova in Early Universe
Three different moments in a far-off supernova explosion were captured in a single snapshot by NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope. The star exploded more than 11 billion years ago, when the universe was less than a fifth of its current age of 13.8 billion years.
This is the first detailed look at a supernova so early in the universe’s history. The research could help scientists learn more about the formation of stars and galaxies in the early universe. The supernova images are also special because they show the early stages of a stellar explosion.
Through a phenomenon called gravitational lensing, three different moments in a far-off supernova explosion were captured in a single snapshot by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. The light from the supernova, which was located behind the galaxy cluster Abell 370, was multiply lensed by the cluster's immense gravity.
Credits: SCIENCE: NASA, ESA, STScI, Wenlei Chen (UMN), Patrick Kelly (UMN), Hubble Frontier Fields
“It is quite rare that a supernova can be detected at a very early stage, because that stage is really short,” explained Wenlei Chen, first author of the paper and a postdoctoral researcher in the University of Minnesota School of Physics and Astronomy. “It only lasts for hours to a few days, and it can be easily missed even for a nearby detection. In the same exposure, we are able to see a sequence of the images—like multiple faces of a supernova.”
This was possible through a phenomenon called gravitational lensing, which was first predicted in Einstein’s theory of general relativity. In this case, the immense gravity of the galaxy cluster Abell 370 acted as a cosmic lens, bending and magnifying the light from the more distant supernova located behind the cluster.
The warping also produced multiple images of the explosion over different time periods that all arrived at Earth at the same time and were caught in one Hubble image. That was possible only because the magnified images took different routes through the cluster due both to differences in the length of the pathways the supernova light followed, and to the slowing of time and curvature of space due to gravity.
The Hubble exposure also captured the fading supernova’s rapid change of color, which indicates temperature change. The bluer the color means the hotter the supernova is. The earliest phase captured appears blue. As the supernova cooled its light turned redder.
“You see different colors in the three different images,” said Patrick Kelly, study leader and an assistant professor in the University of Minnesota’s School of Physics and Astronomy. “You've got the massive star, the core collapses, it produces a shock, it heats up, and then you're seeing it cool over a week. I think that’s probably one of the most amazing things I've ever seen!”
This is also the first time astronomers were able to measure the size of a dying star in the early universe. This was based on the supernova’s brightness and rate of cooling, both of which depend on the size of the progenitor star. Hubble observations show that the red supergiant whose supernova explosion the researchers discovered was about 500 times larger than the Sun.
Through a “trick” of light-bending gravity, the Hubble Space Telescope captured three different moments in the explosion of a very far-off supernova — all in one snapshot!
Chen, Kelly, and an international team of astronomers found this supernova by sifting through the Hubble data archives, looking for transient events. Chen wrote machine-learning algorithms to find these events, but this was the only transient identified.
Chen and Kelly both have time planned for NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope to observe even more distant supernovae. They hope to contribute to a catalog of very far-off supernovae to help astronomers understand if the stars that existed many billions of years ago are different from those in the nearby universe.
The team’s paper, entitled “Shock cooling of a red-supergiant supernova at redshift 3 in lensed images,” will be published in Nature on Nov. 10.
The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between NASA and ESA. NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, manages the telescope. The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore conducts Hubble science operations. STScI is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, in Washington, D.C.
For more information about this study and Hubble, visit:
This hyped-up tool was created by a machine learning engineer named Boris Dayma in July 2021 for a competition held by Google and Hugging Face, a startup that hosts open-source machine learning tools on its website. Suddenly, DALL-E Mini became the Internet’s beloved toy — largely thanks to its ease of access.
The concept was inspired by an art-making model called DALL-E 1, which was unveiled in 2021 by a machine learning research organization called OpenAI. While OpenAI kept DALL-E 1 under wraps, Dayma’s DALL-E Mini was open to anyone with an Internet connection.
OpenAI was founded in 2015 with an idealistic name and a promise to offer its work to AI researchers for free. The organization since reneged on that promise, turning for-profit and inking a $1 billion partnership with Microsoft. This year, it released its more powerful, higher-budget DALL-E 2. It costs money to use, unlike Dayma’s Craiyon — in fact, he switched the name to avoid confusion with OpenAI’s models.
Just as OpenAI did with its controversial language model, GPT-3, the company plans to license DALL-E 2 out for use by corporate clients.
But the future of AI art does not necessarily resemble walled gardens with quotas and entrance fees. Shortly after the birth of DALL-E 2, a fledgling startup named Stability AI released an open-source model called Stable Diffusion, which is free to use. Anyone could download and run Stable Diffusion themself; the only (admittedly steep) barrier was a powerful enough computer. Along with Craiyon, Internet users now have a few free options to make the bizarre images of their dreams a reality.
To dive into the origins of this AI meme-making frenzy, we spoke with Boris Dayma, the machine learning engineer who spearheaded DALL-E Mini.
This interview has been edited and condensed for clarity.
Where did you get the idea?
At the beginning of last year, OpenAI published a blog about DALL-E 1, which was that cool AI model that could draw images from any text prompt. There had already been some other projects around that. But that was the first one that looked impressive.
The only problem was that the code was not released. Nobody could play with it.
So, a bunch of people decided that they want to try to reproduce it, and I got very interested, and I was like, “I want to try, too. This is one of the coolest AI applications. I want to learn how that works and I want to try to do it myself.” So, when I saw that, I immediately tweeted, “OK, I’m going to build that.”
I didn’t do anything for six months.
What finally changed?
In July of last year, HuggingFace and Google … organized a community event, like a competition to develop AI models.
You could choose whatever subject you wanted, and in exchange, you would have access to their computers, which are much better than what people typically have at home. And you would have access to support from HuggingFace engineers and Google engineers. I thought it was a great opportunity to learn and to play with it.
I proposed the project: DALL-E Mini. Let’s try to reproduce DALL-E — or, not necessarily reproduce, but try to get the same results, even if we build it a bit differently. Let’s see how it works, and learn, and experiment on that.
What was that first version like?
It was not what we have now. Now, the [current] model is much, much more powerful. But it was already impressive.
When it started, after one or two days, you would put “view of the beach by night,” and you would have something kind of dark. “View of the beach during the day” — you would have something clear. You couldn’t necessarily recognize the beach yet, but we were like, “Oh, my God, it’s actually learning something.”
At the end of like days of training the model, it was actually able to do landscapes quite nicely, which was very impressive. We put “snowy mountain,” and it worked. That was really exciting. Yeah, actually, we were even surprised that it worked!
But, you know, we did a lot of things very fast [during the competition], and there was still so much to optimize.
Only many months later did it become popular. What do you think caused it to explode in popularity?
I was surprised how it became very popular. But I think it’s because, as we made the model public, some people realized it could do things that were, for example, funny images and memes and things like that. They realized that certain famous personalities were actually recognizable, even though they’re not necessarily drawn perfectly. You can recognize them and put them in funny situations, and the model is able to do that.
It reached a moment where it suddenly was able to compose more complex prompts, and also able to recognize more people. I think that turned it viral.
What did you think of the funny pictures?
It was something I didn’t expect. All along the way, when I was developing the model, my test prompts were very basic. My most creative prompt was “the Eiffel Tower on the moon.” Maybe I wouldn’t have noticed that it could do such creative things without the use of the broader audience, I would say.
People have been doing the model in all kind of situations. ... Sometimes, I’m surprised what it can draw. Recently, people for example have been using “octopus assembling Ikea furniture.” Or, like, “a store being robbe by teddy bears, view from CCTV camera.” This is crazy that it works at all.
Does Craiyon still have a place in a world with DALL-E 2?
I think there are a lot of advantages.
One of the first is it democratizes, in a way, access to AI technology. The application of creating images, I think, is a really cool application, whether you do it for work, because it’s useful for you, or even just for entertainment. Having people just having fun, creating funny memes — I think it has a big value.
Giving access to everybody versus only the people who can afford [DALL-E 2] or the select group of users who have access, I think it lets people benefit equally from the same technology. Having it free is something that’s very important to us as well.
Also, one of the issues you have when few people can access a big model is there’s a higher danger for deepfakes, et cetera, because only a few people are able to create it and control it.
After eating, a female gloomy octopus (left) tosses away empty shells. This requires an unusual position of the tube-shaped structure called the siphon, suggesting that the throw is deliberate.
Credit: P. Godfrey-Smith et al./PLOS ONE (CC BY 4.0)
For the first time, octopuses have been spotted throwing things — at each other1.
Octopuses are known for their solitary nature, but in Jervis Bay, Australia, the gloomy octopus (Octopus tetricus) lives at very high densities. A team of cephalopod researchers decided to film the creatures with underwater cameras to see whether — and how — they interact.
Once the researchers pulled the cameras out of the water, they sat down to watch more than 20 hours of footage. “I call it octopus TV,” laughs co-author David Scheel, a behavioural ecologist at Alaska Pacific University in Anchorage. One behaviour stood out: instances in which the eight-limbed creatures gathered shells, silt or algae with their arms — and then hurled them away, propelling them with water jetted from their siphon. And although some of the time it seemed that they were just throwing away debris or food leftovers, it did sometimes appear that they were throwing things at each other.
The team found clues that the octopuses were deliberately targeting one another. Throws that made contact with another octopus were relatively strong and often occurred when the thrower was displaying a uniform dark or medium body colour. Another clue: sometimes the octopuses on the receiving end ducked. Throws that made octo-contact were also more likely to be accomplished with a specific set of arms, and the projectile was more likely to be silt.
A gloomy octopus throws silt at another octopus as it approaches. For hitting fellow octopuses, silt is the projectile of choice.
Credit: P. Godfrey-Smith et al./PLOS ONE (CC BY 4.0)
“We weren’t able to try and assess what the reasons might be,” Scheel cautions. But throwing, he says, “might help these animals deal with the fact that there are so many octopuses around”. In other words, it is probably social.
Tamar Gutnick, an octopus neurobiologist at the University of Naples Federico II in Italy, says the work opens a new door for inquiries into the social lives of these famously clever animals. “The environment for these specific octopuses is such that they have this interaction between individuals,” she says. “It’s communication, in a way.”
doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-03592-w
References
Godfrey-Smith, P., Scheel, D., Chancellor, S., Linquist, S. & Lawrence, M. PLoS ONE17, e0276482 (2022).
AMAZING VIDEO: 1 UFO splits into 5 over Boston, MA 9-Nov-2022
AMAZING VIDEO: 1 UFO splits into 5 over Boston, MA 9-Nov-2022
This strange bright unidentified flying object was filmed in the daytime sky above Boston, Massachusetts on 9th November 2022.
At first there’s only one UFO in the sky but then it suddenly splits into five separated UFOs. Let me know in the comments what you think about this footage in the comment section below!
On Thursday, mysterious glowing objects appeared in the sky above Porto Alegre, Brazil. Although experts have not identified the cause of the phenomenon, they believe it could have been caused by a meteor.
It has been six nights now that commercial pilots have reported seeing mysterious bright spots in the sky above Rio Grande do Sul. The origin of the objects has not been determined.
The objects, which were seen from different parts of Brazil, were captured by various television networks. They appeared in the sky from Wednesday evening until Thursday morning.
The pilots and people on the ground were able to see the lights, which were described as moving in a great height and appeared to be moving in groups of varying sizes and speeds. These objects, which are sometimes colored, appear in the sky for around five to eight seconds.
On Wednesday, a pilot reported seeing a bright spot in the sky at 11:49 pm. Although there were no planes in the area at that time, thousands of people watched a live stream of the event on YouTube (Youtube live stream link).
Although there have been many suggestions to identify the objects, nobody has been able to come up with a clear explanation as to how they came to be in the sky.
After seeing the same phenomenon in Porto Alegre, several commercial pilots rep
During one of the tests, Nikola Tesla said that he was strange receiving radio signals coming from space. Tesla believed that someone was attempting to communicate with us through numbers since they’re a universal language.
In the later years, Tesla recounted his experience stating that a strange feeling was growing on him that he was the first to have been contacted by the extra-terrestrials.
Massive Unidentified Object Orbiting the Earth Caught on Camera as Predicted by Nikola Tesla
Ancient Aliens: 3 UNBELIEVABLE ALIEN ARTIFACTS REVEALED (Season 17)
Check out these top 3 groundbreaking alien artifacts, in this Ancient Aliens compilation.
Watch all new episodes of Ancient Aliens, Fridays at 8/7c, and next day on The HISTORY Channel website at http://history.com/schedule.
Massive Unidentified Objects Detected by International Space Station Near Earth!
Terrifying Unidentified Object Just Detected by International Space Station Near Earth! The International Space Station is the largest single structure that humans have ever put into space. NASA will use lessons learned on the ISS to prepare for human missions that reach farther into space than ever before.
As with exploring any unknown terrain or space, there are bound to be encounters with the unknown. And now, the ISS might also be the place that has finally provided us with answers to the age old question “Are We Alone?”. The answer being a faint, but terrifying “No”. What does NASA know? And why does it keep cutting the Live Feed?
Voyager 1 Has Made “Impossible” Discovery after 45 Years in Space!
Voyager 1 Has Made “Impossible” Discovery after 45 Years in Space! NASA's twin Voyager probes, which were launched in 1977, awed the world with historic journeys to Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Both probes continue their trip into interstellar space 45 years later. Researchers, some of whom are more recent than the spacecraft, are currently using Voyager data to unravel mysteries within and beyond our solar system.
“Supernatural” Bronze Age Gold Device Unearthed in Czech Republic
“Supernatural” Bronze Age Gold Device Unearthed in Czech Republic
Last month a beet farmer in the Czech Republicuprooted an ornate Bronze Age gold artifact. It was well preserved in mud and the anonymous farmer photographed the golden treasure then sent the images to archaeologists at the Silesian Regional Museum in Opava, a city in the Moravian-Silesian Region.
The wafer thin and crumpled sheet of gold is estimated to have been created around 2,500 years ago.
The appearance of the Bronze Age gold artifact before preservation.
Dr. Jiří Juchelka is an Opava archaeologist who leads the archaeological sub-collection of the Silesian Regional Museum. The researcher told Radio Prague International (RPI) that the golden piece measures “51 centimetres (20 inches) long” and was found in a “near perfect condition” with silver, copper, and iron inclusions. The museologist said, “it’s decorated with raised concentric circles and topped with rose-shaped clasps at the end."
According to Live Science , museum conservator Tereza Alex Kilnar said that while nobody can be sure, the golden artifact was most likely “the front of a leather belt.” But this is no ordinary belt fastener either, because the archaeologists believe it was constructed with cosmological/supernatural concepts in mind.
Dr. Kilnar is currently preserving and analyzing the belt fastener at the Museum Bruntál . According to the museum website, this is a contributory organization of the Moravian-Silesian Region that administers important cultural heritage sites in northern Moravia - Bruntál Chateau, Sovinec Castle, and the Scythe Maker’s House in Karlovice in Silesia.
Without having tested the gold, and based only on the artistic style, Kilnar suspects the gold belt buckle dates to around the middle to late Bronze Age , which means the piece was worn around the 14th century BC. At this time small communities of farmers inhabited timber-frame houses and hadn’t yet begun forming the larger agricultural settlements which occurred in the following centuries.
Researchers believe the gold belt buckle dates to around the middle to late Bronze Age.
Earlier this year a team of Czech archaeologists published the image of a Bronze Age woman which was reconstructed after DNA analysis. The woman was unearthed from an ‘elite grave’ in Mikulovice, in Eastern Bohemia. According to a report in Expat.cz, she had “fair skin, brown hair, widely spaced brown eyes, a prominent chin, a petite figure,” and she died at around 35-years-old.
Described as having “one of the richest [Bronze Age burials] ever discovered in Europe,” the woman was from the Únětice culture, and she was found wearing bronze and gold jewelry, including a rare amber necklace. This group of early agriculturalists lived in Central Europe from about 2300 to 1600 BC, and they were contemporary with the culture who crafted the Bronze Age gold belt fastener.
Elite Connections with the Otherworld
It cannot be determined exactly which group made the gold buckle, for at that time ( 2000 B.C. to 1200 BC ) Central Europe was a rich fusion of different cultures. Smaller communities began coming together and formed a trade network by which livestock and crops such as wheat and barley were exchanged.
This period saw new social divisions emerging. Those people who controlled the lands around the emerging trading centers represented the origins of societal elites. At that time silver and gold became hallmarks of the controlling economic class and Kilnar told RPI that the gold item probably belonged to someone in “a high position in society, because items of such value were rarely produced at the time."
Professor Catherine Frieman at the Australian National University is a specialist in European Bronze Age metalworking. She agreed, and told RPI that the owner of the gold belt buckle “was someone of high status, either social or spiritual.”
The gold item probably belonged to someone in “a high position in society, because items of such value were rarely produced at the time.”
Live Science reports that during the Bronze Age gold objects, and gold hoards, were generally buried “in special, isolated locations suggesting a kind of gift exchange between the cultural elite and the supernatural.” Frieman told LiveScience in an email that gold objects with circular motifs are often linked to “Bronze Age cosmological systems believed to focus on solar cycles."
In 2013, Dr. Joachim Goldhahn at The University of Western Australia published a paper “rethinking cosmology in the Bronze Age using a north European perspective.” This researcher determined that the cosmologies of the Bronze Age world were based on “pragmatic ritualised practices, which were continuously repeated and recreated at certain times and occasions.”
Thus, the gold belt fastener most probably represents the annual cycle of the sun. But more so it might have been a centerpiece in a repeated ritual, and worn at specific “times and occasions” in the year, for example, perhaps to symbolically mark key stages of the sun’s cycle, like the equinoxes and solstices.
Top Image: The Bronze Age gold artifact found in a beet field in the Czech Republic.
Today, the number of confirmed exoplanets stands at 5,197 in 3,888 planetary systems, with another 8,992 candidates awaiting confirmation. The majority have been particularly massive planets, ranging from Jupiter and Neptune-sized gas giants, which have radii about 2.5 times that of Earth. Another statistically significant population has been rocky planets that measure about 1.4 Earth radii (aka. “Super-Earths”). This presents a mystery to astronomers, especially where the exoplanets discovered by the venerableKepler Space Telescope are concerned.
What do planets outside our solar system, or exoplanets, look like? A variety of possibilities are shown in this illustration. Scientists discovered the first exoplanets in the 1990s. As of 2022, the tally stands at just over 5,000 confirmed exoplanets.
Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Of the more than 2,600 planets Kepler discovered, there’s an apparent rarity of exoplanets with a radius of about 1.8 times that of Earth – which they refer to as the “radius valley.” A second mystery, known as “peas in a pod,” refers to neighboring planets of similar size found in hundreds of planetary systems with harmonious orbits. In a study led by the Cycles of Life-Essential Volatile Elements in Rocky Planets (CLEVER) project at Rice University, an international team of astrophysicists provide a new model that accounts for the interplay of forces acting on newborn planets that could explain these two mysteries.
The research was led by André Izidoro, a Welch Postdoctoral Fellow at Rice’s NASA-funded CLEVER Planets project. He was joined by fellow-CLEVER Planets investigators Rajdeep Dasgupta and Andrea Isella, Hilke Schlichting of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), and Christian Zimmermann and Bertram Bitsch of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA). As they describe in their research paper, which recently appeared in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, the team used a supercomputer to run a planetary migration model that simulated the first 50 million years of planetary system development.
In their model, protoplanetary disks of gas and dust also interact with migrating planets, pulling them closer to their parent stars and locking them in resonant orbital chains. Within a few million years, the protoplanetary disk disappears, breaking the chains and causing orbital instabilities that cause two or more planets to collide. While planetary migration models have been used to study planetary systems that retained orbital resonances, these findings represent a first for astronomers. As Izidoro said in a Rice University statement:
“I believe we are the first to explain the radius valley using a model of planet formation and dynamical evolution that self-consistently accounts for multiple constraints of observations. We’re also able to show that a planet-formation model incorporating giant impacts is consistent with the peas-in-a-pod feature of exoplanets.”
This work builds on previous work by Izidoro and the CLEVER Planets project. Last year, they used a migration model to calculate the maximum disruption to TRAPPIST -1’s seven-planet system. In a paper that appeared on Nov. 21st, 2021, in Nature Astronomy, they used N-body simulation to show how this “peas in a pod” system could have retained its harmonious orbital structure despite collisions caused by planetary migration. This allowed them to place constraints on the upper limit of collisions and the mass of the objects involved.
Their results indicate that collisions in the TRAPPIST-1 system were comparable to the impact that created the Earth-Moon system. Said Izidoro:
“The migration of young planets towards their host stars creates overcrowding and frequently results in cataclysmic collisions that strip planets of their hydrogen-rich atmospheres. That means giant impacts, like the one that formed our moon, are probably a generic outcome of planet formation.”
An illustration depicting the scarcity of exoplanets about 1.8 times the size of Earth observed by NASA’s Kepler spacecraft.
Credit: A. Izidoro et al./Rice University
This latest research suggests that planets come in two variants, consisting of dry and rocky planets that are 50% larger than Earth (super-Earths) and planets that are rich in water ice about 2.5 times the size of Earth (mini-Neptunes). In addition, they suggest that a fraction of planets twice the size of Earth will retain their primordial hydrogen-rich atmosphere and be rich in water. According to Izidoro, these results are consistent with new observations that suggest that super-Earths and mini-Neptunes are not exclusively dry and rocky planets.
These findings present opportunities for exoplanet researchers, who will rely on the James Webb Space Telescope to conduct detailed observations of exoplanet systems. Using its advanced suite of optics, infrared imaging, coronographs, and spectrometers, Webb and other next-generation telescopes will characterize the atmospheres and surfaces of exoplanets like never before.
The more than 5,000 exoplanets confirmed in our galaxy so far include a variety of types – some that are similar to planets in our solar system, others vastly different. Among these are a mysterious variety known as “super-Earths” because they are larger than our world and possibly rocky.
Mysterious satellite captured on camera by ISS crew
Mysterious satellite captured on camera by ISS crew
While constructing the international space station, astronauts capture a strange object on camera, which raises suspicions around the world.
But the observation of the unknown spacecraft by the ISS crew is not an isolated incident, several similar UFOs have been observed above Earth over the years.
Throughout the 1950's - 1960's mysterious satellite's showed up in an unfamiliar orbit around the Earth. One of the first reports of this kind of UFOs was reported by Major Donald E. Keyhoe in 1952. He claimed what he called 2 'Artificial Satellites' circling earth.
One of the most infamous 'artificial satellites" is the Black Knight which is according to conspiracy theories, an artificial satellite of extraterrestrial origin that has orbited Earth for approximately 13,000 years but is it of alien origin or is it just a piece of space debris or something that broke loose from the ISS or other spacecraft?
If it had been an isolated incident, the so-called Black Knight might have been a large piece of space debris, but over the years many more of these unknown objects, like the Black Knight, have been sighted above the Earth which can no longer be a coincidence.
Below are some of these unknown objects in space.
The next video from History goes deeper into the UFO phenomenon, 'The Black Knight'.
Proof The Military Captured A Live Alien In Brazil
Proof The Military Captured A Live Alien In Brazil
James Fox is the director of the documentary “The Phenomenon,” which explores the various ways in which people try to hide the truth about UFOs. In his latest film, “Moment of Contact,” he explores an encounter between a group of girls and an unidentified alien in Brazil. According to the locals, the creature was about 4 feet tall and had a huge red eye and brown oily skin.
Tic tac shape UFO flying across the sky over Oregon City – November 2022
Tic tac shape UFO flying across the sky over Oregon City – November 2022
This tic-tac UFO was filmed in the daytime sky above Oregon City on 2nd November 2022.
Witness report:
I was leaving my 2nd floor apartment when I noticed the bright white “thing” flying high in the sky. It was very bright white so I tried to see if it was a plane but it had no wings. Just a white object. No sound or trail. I immediately started recording with my phone so I could zoom in more. It did not have any specific features or distinguishable structure other then it’s long cylindrical shape and bright white color.
These futuristic "energy weapons" could finally bring sci-fi to the battlefield
These futuristic "energy weapons" could finally bring sci-fi to the battlefield
Sarah Scoles
Weapons usually get their power from the explosion of one object near other objects, one object hitting another object (hard), or both. But some devices don’t need to shoot bullets or blow up: They blast out photons — mysterious, massless particle waves of electromagnetic energy.
These futuristic "energy weapons" could finally bring sci-fi to the battlefield
Photons come in plenty of varieties: They can be X-rays or gamma rays or UV rays or optical light waves or infrared radiation or microwaves or radio waves. And some photon “ammo,” particularly microwaves and lasers, can act like electromagnetic bullets, damaging or disabling the high-tech targets in their sights — whether those be drones, satellites, small ships, or, hypothetically, Roombas.
Tools that shoot this unusual ammo are called directed energy weapons. And their various forms can, at least in theory, jam electronics, blind sensors, fry circuits, sear holes, and generally trigger non-kinetic chaos.
The U.S. military has long been interested in harnessing those destructive capabilities, to varying degrees of success. Today, the Air Force leads the charge, and the Directed Energy Directorate at Albuquerque’s Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) spends its time, in part, developing weapons that use beams of photons to punch things they don’t like.
These futuristic "energy weapons" could finally bring sci-fi to the battlefield
In its quest to create these destructors, the AFRL has joined forces with local researchers at the University of New Mexico to create the Directed Energy Center. There, students and professors conduct Air Force-relevant research and feed the pipeline of scientists who can work on the aforementioned drone-disabling and satellite-pew-pewing. These teams could also benefit the scholarly and commercial worlds in fields ranging from medicine to mining.
Through their hard work, these students could make elusive DE weapons a more viable military option: Despite more than five decades of research, these gizmos haven’t seen as much progress as some labs had hoped. Now, they might finally be coming into their own.
It’s not hard to see why scientists keep trying. Laser weapons could shoot down enemy drones, rockets, and mortars, or “dazzle” satellites — a flighty way of saying “make them confused and unable to see straight.” And microwave weapons could mess with electronics and communications over a larger area, making them ideal for disabling swarms of drones.
That latter threat is of particular concern to the Air Force these days. Drones can provide enemies with low-cost surveillance, or serve as a weapon system capable of great harm at long ranges. “As they become more proficient and technically mature, it’s important that there’s a safe way to protect the air bases,” says AFRL’s Adrian Lucero. DE weapons are on their way to accomplishing that — and amping up the energy off of the battlefield, too.
Failure to launch
These futuristic "energy weapons" could finally bring sci-fi to the battlefield
Directed energy weapons didn’t always feel so close to fruition. The federal government has looked into DE since the 1960s, but there hasn’t historically been that much to show for it.
While the Department of Defense has recently made progress on photonic weapons, in the past it has invested billions in directed energy programs that stalled and were ultimately axed, as noted in a September report by the Congressional Research Service.
You may be familiar with one of the most infamous DE boondoggles: Ronald Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative, which the Clinton administration shuttered in 1993. Known mockingly on the street as Star Wars, the program aimed to create, among other infrastructure, DE weapons that could shoot down missiles … from space.
Yeah, you’re not the only one who finds it unrealistic. In 1987, several years into the program, an American Physical Society study group concluded that such DE programs were decades from being operationally viable.
Many scientists wanted nothing to do with the program.
Many scientists wanted nothing to do with the program.
Nevertheless, the government poured millions of dollars into SDI. Much of that work consisted of basic research conducted at universities. In fact, for some physics and engineering researchers, the Star Wars checkbook offered “one of the few available sources for new funds,” noted a 1988 United Nations University publication.
But many scientists wanted nothing to do with the program or its bucks, in part decrying the military secrecy around some of the work. Some 6,500 researchers signed a pledge promising not to work on Star Wars, calling it “ill-conceived and dangerous.”
Edl Schamiloglu, head of the collaborative Directed Energy Center at the University of New Mexico, was doing his Ph.D. research at the time. Back then, he and his colleagues aimed to harness energy from atomic fusion using “pulsed-power technology.”
Here’s how it worked: Devices like capacitors accumulate a bunch of low-power electrical energy over time and then discharge it all at once in a rapid burst to coax atoms to combine. In 1987, though, Reagan canceled the program that funded Schamiloglu’s research.
Schamiloglu needed to pivot, and he had already heard of DE through his pulsed-power work. He previously used pulsed power to make protons; to work on DE, he just needed to apply the same sort of instrumentation to produce electrons, whose energy could be converted to microwaves. “The technology is the same,” Schamiloglu says.
These futuristic "energy weapons" could finally bring sci-fi to the battlefield
Later, with equipment donated from the Sandia and Los Alamos national laboratories, Schamiloglu put his own microwave factory together. Then he took that information to the AFRL director, who provided Schamiloglu with some seed funding.
He’s been working on DE ever since at UNM — one of the few universities with this electromagnetic specialization. But this field is picking up in part because associated weapons technology has recently moved in a more mature direction.
Five years later, Air Force microwave and laser weapons took down some drones in New Mexico’s White Sands Missile Range. And this past spring, a Navy laser shooter knocked out a fake cruise missile, in that same desert, where scientists also tested the first nuclear weapon.
Do I look to be in a gaming mood?
These futuristic "energy weapons" could finally bring sci-fi to the battlefield
AFRL is now developing a weapon called THOR: the Tactical High-Power Operational Responder. THOR uses high-power microwaves to mess up electronics, a concept you essentially understand if you’ve ever (for some reason) tried to nuke your cellphone.
After THOR — which lives inside a 20-foot shipping container and can hitch rides around the world on C-130 aircraft — sets a target, an operator pulls the trigger and releases a burst of microwaves that last merely a nanosecond. Its ideal “enemy”: a swarm of small drones.
Last year, a test revealed that THOR’s microwaves could indeed knock things out of the sky. It worked very well, “neutralizing” objects 100 percent of the time.
Now, AFRL wants to amp up DE research for the next generation of scientists.
That goal also appealed to Schamiloglu at the University of New Mexico. He wanted the school to take a closer look at laser DE, since it had long focused on microwaves.
After the Air Force and UNM teamed up, legislators designated money in the AFRL budget to back UNM’s Directed Energy Center, which aims to train future pew-pew gurus. “They will work not only at the Air Force Research Lab, but at the numerous contractors that support the research that’s ongoing,” says Matthew Fetrow, technology outreach lead at AFRL.
It’s not all light
These futuristic "energy weapons" could finally bring sci-fi to the battlefield
These scientists have plenty to improve on: While DE weapons are faring better than they have in the past, they’re not perfect. They can be stymied by natural forces like rain and fog — the water in the air can mess with their beams, kind of like it does with your headlights. These systems can also be big and cumbersome. Sometimes, they’re super power-hungry.
Outside of all that tech trouble, the weapons raise some ethical concerns. International law doesn’t deal much with DE, and regulations may be important to help ensure it’s used responsibly and humanely. There is a UN document, “Article 1 of the Protocol on Blinding Lasers,” which states that no one can use “laser weapons specifically designed, as their sole combat function or as one of their combat functions, to cause permanent blindness to unenhanced vision.”
Research into DE technology isn’t just useful on the battlefield. For example, industrial giant Honeywell has a whole division dedicated to directed energy’s commercial applications.
These span everything from fusion energy to laser welding and cutting. The company is also interested in the same cooling systems that keep DE weapons chill: Those can ice down batteries and radars anywhere.
Research into DE technology isn’t just useful on the battlefield.
Research into DE technology isn’t just useful on the battlefield.
On the academic side, particle accelerators also need highly focused, extremely energetic beams of particles, which can improve with advances in beams of pure energy. At Purdue University, a researcher named Allen Garner invented a microwave device in 2021 that has equal utility for quirking enemy electronics, sterilizing medical equipment, and performing noninvasive medical procedures (snip-pew snip-pew).
Then, there are the less obvious applications. “We’ve actually been seeing some interesting concepts come forward from companies — in particular, small companies — looking at using microwaves, high-power sources, to help in mining,” says Fetrow of AFRL, “which surprised the daylights out of me.”
These futuristic "energy weapons" could finally bring sci-fi to the battlefield
Right now, AFRL and UNM’s joint focus is on increasing the power you can get out of both microwave and laser systems. With microwaves, that involves building better amplifiers, which are essentially volume knobs. As for lasers, they’re trying to improve the fiber-optic cables that whip up the light beams. “The holy grail right now is to really push the power, how much power can you generate from these fiber lasers,” says Schamiloglu.
But researchers are in a bind: As power increases, so does heat, and the glass in the system gets too warm. UNM has been working on novel ways to cool those fibers, so the laser can pump out even more power.
AFRL is also working on the next generation of THOR technology that’s meant to be lighter and more energy-efficient. It goes by the name Mjölnir, THOR’s mighty hammer — “THOR’s Massless Hammer” apparently wasn’t catchy enough.
It may take a while before such a hammer can be hurled on the battlefield, but in the coming decades, the battlefield could start to resemble a sci-fi flick.
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LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS
LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS
Top 5 Insane UFO Sightings Caught on Camera by the Government! Aliens or Adversaries?
Top 5 Insane UFO Sightings Caught on Camera by Government! Aliens or Adversaries? The upcoming probe into potential sightings of extra-terrestrial life by the US intelligence service has the whole world excited, but Congressman Tim Burchett reckons, it will just be another "cover-up". The Congressman said that those in charge of investigating the possibility of alien life, think the public is “too naive” to be made aware of extra-terrestrial entities.
The Biggest Military UFO Cover-Up Exposed | Aliens Are Living Amongst Us
The Biggest Military UFO Cover-Up Exposed | Aliens Are Living Amongst Us. A rancher named William Brazel, woke up for a normal day's work in New Mexico, 75 miles north of Roswell, when he made a shocking discovery. There has been another Roswell incident that has been successfully buried by the government before the media could blow it up. And this incident does not just concern a UFO, but also an alien, that tried to run away. Aliens Are Living Amongst Us and The Military UFO Cover-Up That Involved An Entire Town.
15 Reasons Why The Egyptian Pyramids Scare Scientists!
The great Pyramids of Egypt remain one of the 8 wonders of the world and although they have been studied by scientists and archeologists for centuries, there is still a lot we don't know about them. Archeologists have studied the structure, origin, and contents of the Pyramids but there are some discoveries that are not just surprising but simply terrifying. In today's video, we'll be looking at 15 reasons why the Egypt Pyramids terrify scientists, and be sure to stick to the end of the video to find out some amazing facts we bet you never knew about the ancient pyramids.
Top 5 Terrifying Alien Sightings That PROVE They're Real
Top 5 Terrifying Alien Sightings That PROVE They're Real
If you didn't believe in aliens before... you will after hearing about these scary stories about extraterrestrial life, ufo videos, and alien sightings! These are the Top 5 Terrifying Alien Sightings That PROVE They're Real.
NASA Detects HUDE Unknown Object Arriving from Another Solar System!
In this exciting video, NASA reports that they have detected an unknown object arriving from another solar system!
This mysterious object is currently being observed by NASA's Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes, and researchers are currently trying to figure out what it is. Keep an eye out for updates as researchers continue to study this mysterious object!
Did Scientist Find Potential Sign of Alien Life on Inhospitable Venus? | Life on Venus
Did scientist find potential sign of alien life on inhospitable Venus? This is wild! Check out this story about a scientist who found potential signs of alien life on Venus!
If you're interested in life on other planets, then you need to check out this story about a scientist who has found potential signs of alien life on inhospitable Venus. This is one crazy discovery!
In this story, we'll share with you all the details about this scientist's discovery and what it could mean for the possibility of life on Venus. Are we really alone in the universe? We'll find out!
What NASA Scientist DISCOVERED So Far On Jupiter Moons
What NASA Scientist DISCOVERED So Far On Jupiter Moons
Join us in today’s video as we show you New Discovery On Jupiters Moon Has Scientists Shocked. For the first time, astronomers have uncovered evidence of water vapor in the atmosphere of Jupiter's moon Ganymede. This water vapor forms when ice from the moon's surface sublimates -- that is, turns from solid to gas.
Scientists used new and archival datasets from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope to make the discovery, published in the journal Nature Astronomy. Be sure to watch the whole video for the full details about this and in addition, do us a favor and like the video and subscribe and turn on the notification bell. We’ll see you in the next video!
The discovery means China is the third country to discover a new lunar mineral, following the United States and former Soviet Union.
Chinese scientists recently announced their discovery of a new lunar mineral among samples collected from the moon during a mission two years ago, adding to the body of knowledge of the Earth’s satellite that had been the focus of earlier space exploration.
Did a Meteor IMPACT a House? Eyewitness says the earth SHOOK!
The Proof Is Out There: Bizarre UFOs Hover Over Montreal (Season 3)
A woman reports a very strange sight in the sky at a hotel in Montreal, Canada. See more in this clip from Season 3, "Aswang, Crashed on Mars, and Giant Wolves."
Watch all new episodes of The Proof Is Out There on Fridays at 10/9c, and stay up to date on all of your favorite The HISTORY Channel shows at http://history.com/schedule.
GROTE RUIMTESTEEN ONTDEKT DIE IN DE TOEKOMST EEN BEDREIGING VOOR DE AARDE ZOU KUNNEN GAAN VORMEN
GROTE RUIMTESTEEN ONTDEKT DIE IN DE TOEKOMST EEN BEDREIGING VOOR DE AARDE ZOU KUNNEN GAAN VORMEN
Caroline Kraaijvanger
Met een omvang van zo’n 1,5 kilometer is het de grootste potentieel gevaarlijke planetoïde die in de afgelopen acht jaar is ontdekt.
De ruimtesteen heeft de naam 2022 AP7 gekregen. Astronomen ontdekten de planetoïde met behulp van de Dark Energy Camera (DECam), gemonteerd op de Victor M. Blanco 4-meter Telescope in Chili.
Bijzonder Het is een vrij bijzondere ontdekking, omdat 2022 AP7 een flinke jongen is; met een geschatte diameter van zo’n 1,5 kilometer is het de grootste potentieel gevaarlijke planetoïde (zie kader) die in de afgelopen acht jaar is ontdekt.
Potentieel gevaarlijk 2022 AP7 is een zogenoemde aardscheerder. Met deze term wordt verwezen naar planetoïden (of kometen) die zich in de nabijheid van de aarde wagen. Wanneer zo’n ruimtesteen groter is dan 140 meter én een baan heeft die de baan van de aarde daadwerkelijk doorkruist, krijgt deze automatisch de aanduiding ‘potentieel gevaarlijk object’. Hoewel dat tamelijk angstaanjagend klinkt, wil dat dus zeker niet zeggen dat de ruimtesteen of komeet ook daadwerkelijk op ramkoers met de aarde komt te liggen en van de meeste potentieel gevaarlijke ruimtestenen weten we zelfs dat we er in ieder geval de komende eeuwen niets van te vrezen hebben. Ook de 1,5 kilometer grote 2022 AP7 heeft een baan die de baan van de aarde kruist en krijgt dus het stempel ‘potentieel gevaarlijk’. Maar dat wil dus niet zeggen dat de steen gedoemd is om op aarde in te slaan. ‘Potentieel gevaarlijk’ geeft simpelweg aan dat een ruimtesteen in de toekomst misschien een gevaar kan gaan vormen voor de aarde. Door dergelijke potentieel gevaarlijke ruimtestenen nauwlettend in de gaten te houden en een nauwkeuriger beeld van hun baan te verkrijgen, proberen astronomen vervolgens beter te voorspellen wanneer zo’n ruimtesteen bij de aarde in de buurt komt en of deze daadwerkelijk een gevaar kan gaan vormen voor onze planeet. Vaak zien we dat op basis van dergelijk vervolgonderzoek al spoedig kan worden uitgesloten dat een potentieel gevaarlijk object in ieder geval in de komende eeuw(en) echt gevaarlijk wordt.
Lastig waar te nemen Juist het feit dat 2022 AP7 zich in de binnenste regionen van het zonnestelsel – oftewel nabij de aarde – ophoudt, maakte het lastig om deze te detecteren. De gloed van de zon zit namelijk enorm in de weg. Op jacht naar aardscheerders kiezen astronomen er daarom heel bewust voor om in de schemering hun blik op het heelal te richten. Maar zelfs dan is het geen gelopen race, omdat zonlicht nog steeds een enigszins storende factor is én ze genoodzaakt zijn om nabij de horizon te observeren en dus ook nog eens geplaagd worden door de dikke aardatmosfeer die observaties bemoeilijkt. Dat het nu toch gelukt is om 2022 AP7 waar te nemen, is dan ook zeker grotendeels te danken aan de enorme gevoeligheid van DECam. Met de camera kan niet alleen een groot deel van het heelal worden afgespeurd, maar is het tevens mogelijk om juist heel lichtzwakke objecten te spotten.
Nog twee planetoïden Naast 2022 AP7 presenteren de astronomen ook de ontdekking van twee andere aardscheerders: 2021 LJ4 en 2021 PH27. Beide planetoïden behoren niet tot de potentieel gevaarlijke objecten; hun banen blijven keurig binnen de baan van de aarde. Overigens is dat ergens ook weer wel bijzonder; tot op heden zijn ons slechts 25 ruimtestenen bekend die zich nooit buiten de omloopbaan van de aarde bewegen.
Warm 2021 PH27 verdient daarbij nog wat extra aandacht. De ruimtesteen gaat voor nu namelijk de boeken in als de planetoïde die zich het dichtst bij de zon begeeft. Die ritjes langs onze moederster laten de ruimtesteen niet koud; de temperatuur van het oppervlak van de planetoïde zou door de nabijheid van de zon hoog genoeg oplopen om lood (met een smeltpunt van 327,5 graad Celsius) te doen smelten.
Toekomstige ontdekkingen Dat er in het hart van ons zonnestelsel nog meer te ontdekken valt, lijkt vast te staan. Maar of er nog heel veel grote ruimtestenen – zoals 2022 AP7 op ontdekking wachten – is twijfelachtig. “Met ons onderzoek in de schemering zoeken we binnen de banen van de aarde en Venus naar planetoïden,” legt onderzoeker Scott S. Sheppard uit. “Tot op heden hebben we twee grote aardscheerders gevonden die ongeveer 1 kilometer groot zijn (…) Er wachten waarschijnlijk slechts enkele aardscheerders met vergelijkbare omvang op ontdekking en die grote, onontdekte planetoïden hebben waarschijnlijk banen die ze het grootste deel van de tijd binnen de banen van de aarde en Venus houden.”
Ondertussen gaat de zoektocht naar die onontdekte planetoïden natuurlijk stug door. Die zoektocht is overigens niet alleen belangrijk met het oog op de bescherming van onze planeet, maar kan ook bijdragen aan een beter begrip van de verspreiding van kleine hemellichamen in ons zonnestelsel. En dat kan weer meer inzicht geven in hoe planetoïden door het binnenste van ons zonnestelsel reizen en hoe de interactie met de zwaartekracht en hitte van de zon bijdraagt aan het uiteenvallen van ruimtestenen. “Dit is een unieke kans om beter te begrijpen wat voor soort objecten er in het binnenste van het zonnestelsel schuilgaan,” vindt Sheppard.
THESE TINY MAGNETIC ROBOTS CAN INFILTRATE TUMORS — AND MAYBE DESTROY CANCER
THESE TINY MAGNETIC ROBOTS CAN INFILTRATE TUMORS — AND MAYBE DESTROY CANCER
Bacterial cancer treatments are coming back into fashion (with some futuristic upgrades).
DOCTORS AREN’T ALWAYS able to remove hard-to-reach cancerous tumors with surgery, so some patients must receive aggressive chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy — a combination that can prove ineffective.
But a new cancer treatment may offer a way to take down inoperable tumors with pinpoint accuracy, no radiation required.
Researchers have figured out how to deliver cancer-killing compounds (called enterotoxins) to tumors using bionic bacteria that are steered by a magnetic field. These “micro-robots” can hunt down and converge on a specific tumor, then shrink it by releasing the bacteria's own naturally produced anti-cancer chemicals. The results were recently published in the journal Science.
This high-tech cancer treatment could allow magnetic bacteria (grey) to squeeze through narrow spaces between cells and attack tumors.
Yimo Yan / ETH Zurich
“Cancer is such a complex disease, it’s hard to combat it with one weapon,” says Simone Schürle-Finke, a micro-roboticist at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, Switzerland and the first author of the new study.
She and her lab hope that these magnetic, bacteria-riding little robots will offer a precise and powerful addition to the cancer treatment toolbox.
HERE’S THE BACKGROUND
The idea of curing cancerous tumors with bacteria is surprisingly old. American oncologist William Coley first started injecting his patients with a mixture of dead bacteria and bacterial proteins in the 1890s. After he reported successfully treating people with otherwise inoperable tumors, his work garnered equal parts enthusiasm and skepticism from the medical community.
Despite Coley’s vocal critics (including members of the American Medical Association), his formula, dubbed “Coley’s toxins,” would go on to be sold as a cancer treatment for the next seventy years. By the 1960s, though, Coley’s toxins had all but fallen by the wayside in favor of promising new treatments, like radiation and chemotherapy.
William Coley used bacteria like Streptococcus pyogenes to treat cancer.
Shutterstock
Significant interest in bacteria as a cancer treatment didn’t re-emerge until the dawn of CRISPR, a revolutionary bioengineering technology, in the early 2010s. And today, labs are realizing the limits of today’s standard cancer interventions, such as their imprecise nature and harmful side effects.
Today, researchers like Schürle-Finke and her team are putting micro-robots inside genetically engineered bacteria to target cancerous growths like never before. Once these microbes reach a tumor, “you basically have a little nano-factory that continues to release molecules that can be toxic to cancer cells,” she says. The only issue? Figuring out how to get the bacteria bots in place.
WHAT’S NEW
Many inoperable tumors can’t be addressed by surgery simply because of their location — they may be too hard to reach with a knife, let alone inject with a syringe full of bacterial cyborgs. This means that researchers have had to brainstorm some creative ways to navigate therapeutic bacteria toward cancer cells.
Schürle-Finke was pondering this conundrum when inspiration struck. “Maybe I could help with magnetic guidance,” she recalled thinking. Most bacteria can’t be pushed around with magnets, but as luck would have it, one special group of aquatic bacteria does: magnetotactic bacteria, which use the tiny iron crystals produced in their bodies like an internal compass.
Scientists were able to direct the bacteria with a magnetic field.Boris SV/Moment/Getty Images
So she took the next logical step — ordering some magnetotactic bacteria online. “I was surprised,” Schürle-Finke says, “You can just buy them.”
Back in the lab, her team got to work equipping the bacteria with fluorescent tags and microcontrollers. In these genetically engineered bacteria, the microcontrollers propel them to release cancer-fighting compounds on demand.
Then, they injected the bacteria bots into tumor-ridden mice. Using an externally generated magnetic field, scientists were able to successfully direct the bacteria and park them on the mice’s tumors with more than three times the precision of the control group (which wasn’t subjected to a magnetic field.)
WHAT’S NEXT
Though this study offers a solid proof-of-concept, micro-robotic bacteria technology still needs to be refined before it becomes a mainstream cancer treatment.
For one thing, “these bacteria that we tested, they’re quite foreign to the human body,” Schürle-Finke says, and they don’t naturally produce cancer-fighting compounds.
In the future, bioengineers may try to identify the cluster of genes responsible for producing magnetotactic bacteria's magnetic iron pellets and transfer it to a more familiar model organism, like a harmless strain of E. coli, Salmonella, or Clostridium.
They’ll also have to address the physical limits to generating a magnetic field. While the field they generated was able to penetrate a tiny mouse’s tissue, it may weaken and become useless as it passes through a thicker and more complex human body.
Still, Schürle-Finke is excited about the possibility that bacterial therapy holds. And she’s ready to continue bridging the gap across scientific disciplines, from oncology to microbiology to robotics. “I think it’s beautiful that we’re experiencing this convergence of sciences,” she says.
These shape-shifting robot fish swim through the body to attack cancer
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FIRST-EVER LAB-GROWN BLOOD COULD CHANGE MEDICINE FOREVER
FIRST-EVER LAB-GROWN BLOOD COULD CHANGE MEDICINE FOREVER
For the first time ever, scientists have given patients red bloodcells that were grown in a lab. This feat is part of a clinical trial in England looking into the safety of the cutting-edge technique, which could help tackle the ongoing blood supply shortage that was worsened by the pandemic.
The trial is a collaboration between institutions including the University of Bristol, the University of Cambridge, and the National Health Service.
Regular transfusions can be life-saving for people with conditions like sickle cell disease, which affects the shape of red blood cells and can block blood flow, and thalassemia, which causes the body to produce too little of a protein called hemoglobin.
Now, these lab-grown red blood cells could stretch sparse donations into larger volumes. The procedure could also help address the need for more blood from Black donors — sickle cell disease is prevalent among Black people, and blood is most compatible when donated from people of the same race or similar ethnicity.
And unlike donor blood, which can contain relatively old cells, these lab-grown cells are guaranteed to be fresh. This means they can last longer and perform better, reducing the need for frequent transfusions. When people receive lots of transfusions, they also run the risk of developing too much iron in their bodies.
HOW TO GROW BLOOD CELLS
A white blood cell surrounded by red blood cells, which scientists have figured out how to grow in the lab.
Ed Reschke/Photodisc/Getty Images
The scientists started with a regular blood donation and used magnetic beads to pinpoint the flexible stem cells that can morph into red blood cells, CNBC reported.
Then, they put the stem cells in a nutrient solution for 18 to 21 days, which nudges the cells to proliferate and grow into more mature cells, according to The Guardian. Then, they tagged the cells with a radioactive substance to track them in blood samples from trial participants over the six months following the first injection of cells.
So far, two healthy volunteers have received the lab-grown red blood cells, and they haven’t reported any negative side effects. Next up, the team will give a minimum of 10 participants two “mini” transfusions at least four months apart — one consisting of standard donated red blood cells and another composed of lab-grown ones.
The researchers will analyze patient blood samples to determine whether the lab-grown red blood cells will last longer than the ones made in the body. While further research is needed, this marks a major step forward in treating blood disorders.
“The need for normal blood donations to provide the vast majority of blood will remain,” says Farrukh Shah, the medical director of tranfusion at NHS Blood and Transplant. “But the potential for this work to benefit hard-to-transfuse patients is very significant.”
Crab Nebula, probably the most intensely studied bright nebula, in the constellation Taurus, about 6,500 light-years from Earth.
Roughly 10 light-years in diameter, it is assumed to be the remnant of a supernova observed by Chinese and other astronomers first on July 4, 1054.
The supernova was visible in daylight for 23 and at night for almost 2 years.
In 1758 it was the first object listed (M1) in Charles Messier’s catalog of nebulous objects.
It acquired its name, suggested by its form, in the mid-19th century. In 1921 it was discovered to be still expanding; the present rate is about 1,100 km (700 miles) per second.
The Crab is one of the few astronomical objects from which radiation has been detected over the entire measurable spectrum, from radio waves through infrared and visible wavelengths to ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
In the late 1960s the Crab pulsar ,thought to be the collapsed remnant of the supernova was discovered near the centre of the nebula.
The pulsar, which flashes in radio, visible, X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths at 30 times per second, provides the energy that allows the nebula to glow.
Classes of nebulae
All nebulae observed in the Milky Way Galaxy are forms of interstellar matter—namely, the gas between the stars that is almost always accompanied by solid grains of cosmic dust
Their appearance differs widely, depending not only on the temperature and density of the material observed but also on how the material is spatially situated with respect to the observer.
Their chemical composition, however, is fairly uniform; it corresponds to the composition of the universe in general in that approximately 90 percent of the constituent atoms are hydrogen and nearly all the rest are helium, with oxygen, carbon, neon, nitrogen, and the other elements together making up about two atoms per thousand.
On the basis of appearance, nebulae can be divided into two broad classes: dark nebulae and bright nebulae.
Dark nebulae appear as irregularly shaped black patches in the sky and blot out the light of the stars that lie beyond them.
Bright nebulae appear as faintly luminous glowing surfaces; they either emit their own light or reflect the light of nearby stars.
Dark nebulae are very dense and cold molecular clouds; they contain about half of all interstellar material.
Bright nebulae are comparatively dense clouds of gas within the diffuse interstellar medium. They have several subclasses: (1) reflection nebulae, (2) H II regions, (3) diffuse ionized gas, (4) planetary nebulae, and (5) supernova remnants.
Reflection nebulae reflect the light of a nearby star from their constituent dust grains. The gas of reflection nebulae is cold, and such objects would be seen as dark nebulae if it were not for the nearby light source.H II regions are clouds of hydrogen ionized (separated into positive H+ ions and free electrons) by a neighboring hot star.
Diffuse ionized gas, so pervasive among the nebular clouds, is a major component of the Galaxy.
Planetary nebulae are ejected from stars that are dying but are not massive enough to become supernovae—namely, red giant stars.
Supernova remnants are the clouds of gas expanding at speeds of hundreds or even thousands of kilometres per second from comparatively recent explosions of massive stars.
If a supernova remnant is younger than a few thousand years, it may be assumed that the gas in the nebula was mostly ejected by the exploded star.
Otherwise, the nebula would consist chiefly of interstellar gas that has been swept up by the expanding remnant of older objects.
Meet The Solar Ring: A Proposed Spacecraft That Will Have a Panoramic View of the Sun
Meet The Solar Ring: A Proposed Spacecraft That Will Have a Panoramic View of the Sun
The Sun is active, dynamic, and occasionally violent. Unfortunately our view of the Sun is limited to a small handful of orbiting satellites and ground-based observatories. The Solar Ring is new proposal that hopes to radically change that picture by launching a trio of satellites around the Sun to give continuous, 360° panoramic images in real time. The observatory could revolutionize our understanding of our parent star.
A 300 megapixel photo of our Sun, taken by using a specially modified telescope, compiling over 150,000 individual images.
Credit and copyright: Andrew McCarthy.
Despite being the closest star to us, we still lack an understanding of most of the physics of the Sun. While we understand the general picture – that the Sun is powered by fusion reactions, and the energy circulates its way to the surface and is released in the form of radiation – we don’t know the details. In particular, we do not understand mysteries like the origins of the 11-year sunspot cycle, the incredibly high temperature of the Sun’s corona, or how solar flares and coronal mass ejections take place.
Our information about the Sun is limited because we can only capture snapshots of it here and there with orbiting satellites and ground-based observatories. Oftentimes interesting activities start on the surface of the Sun facing away from any of our observatories, and by the time we catch it hours later we don’t know how it started. And other times we can see a process begin to ramp up but then miss its full evolution as the Sun rotates away from our view.
To solve this a team of astronomers propose the Solar Ring. The Solar Ring is a fleet of three spacecraft that will all orbit around the Sun. They will be separated from each other by 120° and be fitted with identical instruments. This way their overlapping fields of view will make it impossible for us to miss anything happening on the surface.
Among the many kinds of observations that the astronomers behind the Solar Ring hope to perform, one involves a technique called reverberation mapping. By carefully mapping the velocity of gas on the surface of the Sun, they can measure vibrations and pulsations. These kinds of “sunquakes” give astronomers rich information about what is happening within deeper layers, much like how earthquakes tell us about the core and mantle of the Earth.
The Solar Ring will also be able to catch the beginnings of a solar flare or an eruption event no matter where it happens on the Sun, providing even more early warning for space weather. These kinds of plasma storms can disrupt satellites and even affect electrical systems on the Earth’s surface, so the more warning the better.
The astronomers behind the Solar Ring hope that with more complete coverage of the Sun that we will be able to develop a better understanding of the complex nature of its surface, its interior, and its corona.
Video shared by littlespacemochi on reddit, recorded on November 5, 2022 in southern Brazil. Source (video) : www.pordosolguaiba.com.br
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Scientists Just Dropped A Camera In The Deepest Hole In Antarctica & Found A Terrifying Secret
Our planet is home to millions of old and new species, some of which we have discovered while the rest are yet to be found. Scientists and even common people discover new species every single day, on land and in the vast oceans covering a major part of Earth. Despite the continuous efforts and expeditions, these oceans remain the least explored part of the planet.
Right now, we know very little about what lies in the darkest corners of these immense water bodies. Especially the water that has remained covered by thick ice sheets for hundreds of thousands of years in Antarctica. But in the last few decades, experts have drilled holes in this ice and attempted to get a glimpse of what lies underneath. And what they've found is mind boggling to say the least. The icy continent is home to unique ecosystems that are poorly understood and creatures we have never seen before. But this wasn't always the case, previously researchers thought it was just a lifeless wasteland and only a few micrograms were able to survive in the harsh climate of Antarctica. But now, with powerful drilling methods, researchers have been able to penetrate the icy surface and explore the waters below it. One such exploratory effort conducted by the Ice Cube Observatory brought them face to face with a massive and frightening creature that could be an entirely new species
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Massive, Unidentified Objects 300 Miles Wide Have Been Detected By NASA
Massive, Unidentified Objects 300 Miles Wide Have Been Detected By NASA. Astronomers have spent decades looking for objects from outside our own solar system. What would essentially be interstellar visitors from an alien star system. To no avail. But it is when all hope seems to be lost, that some of the most marvelous things happen. It was something like that for these astronomers. After decades of finding absolutely nothing, something completely unexpected happened. Two objects arrived, at once.
12 Strangest Mysteries Of The Ancient Egyptian Sphinx
The Sphinx of Egypt is one of the most famous ancient sculptures in the world, but how much do you really know about it? In fact, how much does anybody really know about it? There’s far more to the Sphinx than most people imagine, and you probably won’t even realise how much about it you don’t know until you’ve finished watching this video!
James Webb Telescope's SHOCKING Discovery of City Lights!
NASA researchers had no idea what they were getting into when they launched the cutting-edge James Webb space telescope on December 25, 2021, from the Guiana Space Center. Astronomers had hoped to find signs of extraterrestrial life in the atmospheres of far-off planets and galaxies, but little did they know that the first images from the JWST would completely change how we view the universe.
JWST has just revolutionized our way of exploring the universe. The president Joe Biden has called JWST a new window into the history of our universe.
NASA Administrator Bill Nelson had claimed that humanity would soon have access to a completely new perspective on the universe that is unlike anything we have ever seen. Today, we'll examine the data the James Webb Space Telescope has given us to determine whether the strange light is a sign of life or the possibility of life on a planet orbiting an entirely different star. But before we continue please spare some time to subscribe to the channel and press the bell icon.
From ECETI Ranch to Pentagon – The Most intriguing UFO Cases & Hotspots (Coast to Coast AM)
From ECETI Ranch to Pentagon – The Most intriguing UFO Cases & Hotspots (Coast to Coast AM)
Craig Campobasso, a filmmaker and UFO expert, discussed some of the most interesting cases and places where people have spotted the mysterious objects. One particular area is the ECETI Ranch in Trout Lake, Washington. According to Campobasso, people have reported seeing multiple UFOs flying in the sky at night.
He also talked about the strange activity that occurred at the Bradshaw Ranch near the town of Sedona, Arizona. The area has been described as a portal for various creatures and entities. He also talked about the legend of an alien named Valiant Thor, who allegedly stayed in the Pentagon’s underground apartment during the 1950s.
He also talked about cases such as the Aurora, Texas, and the Shag Harbour Incident. During the show’s last half-hour, George interviewed Brad Steiger, a paranormal author and investigator.
USS Nimitz Witness Tells His Story For The First Time
USS Nimitz Witness Tells His Story For The First Time
The USS Nimitz is known for its infamous “Tic-Tac Incident”. However, ten years prior, Kevin Thomas witnessed an entirely different and more significant event.
This is Probably the Last Picture we’ll see From InSight on Mars
This is Probably the Last Picture we’ll see From InSight on Mars
It’s almost time to say goodbye to another Martian friend. Plenty of missions to the Red Planet have gone silent for the last time, some after many successful years of data collection and some after a brief free-fall as a fireball. We will soon add another Martian explorer to that ever-growing list – InSight might have sent its final image home.
The image itself is similar to hundreds of others that the probe has been sending back to Earth for the last four years. In the center of the image is the craft’s seismometer, which has been focusing on collecting data about Marquakes and whose data has been used in dozens of papers. In this image, though, it is noticeably covered in the fine red dust that blankets everything on the Red Planet.
That dust is also covering InSight’s power source. Its solar panels have been getting collectively more covered and, therefore, able to provide less and less power to the lander itself. Unfortunately, InSight also had either the good or bad luck to be located in an area of general calm for Martian dust devils. While they might be difficult for the instruments themselves to handle while they are happening, dust devils also do a remarkably good job at cleaning off solar panels covered in dust.
In another recent image, InSight uses its robotic arms to scratch away some of the regolith surrounding it. Credit – NASA / JPL-Caltech
Another fact in the growing dust accumulation was a design decision the InSight team made back at the project’s inception. Various methods can help remove dust from solar panels. Compressed air and wiper blades similar to those found on cars are two of the most common. But InSight’s engineers decided not to include any such system on their probe.
Making those kinds of decisions is one of the hardest parts of engineering. Dust removal systems add weight, and therefore cost more money, both in their design and also in the cost of getting them to Mars. Launch costs still take up a significant amount of a project’s budget, so every system is scrutinized to see whether it is truly necessary. In the case of Insight, the team determined a dust removal system was not.
There was one crucial factor that led to that decision – the relatively short expected mission duration of Insight as a whole. It was only planned to last one Earth year. It ended up lasting four.
JPL video discussing the accomplishments of InSight. Credit – NASA JPL YouTube Channel
So even without a dust removal system, the mission outperformed its original expectations. And Insight has solidified its standing as one of the most prolific Martian probes up to this point. Its data has been the basis of dozens of papers, and we have come to understand everything from the presence (or lack therefore) of liquid water around the lander to finding some magma in the same area.
Such data would make any scientific team proud, and those involved with Insight have had plenty of time to see the end coming. UT first reported on its power problems back in May. But, while it has continued going strong for the last six months, it might soon be time to say a final goodbye to the Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy, and Heat Transport mission. It will not be forgotten and might even be brought back to life someday when humans finally tread on the landscape that so far only it has seen.
Want a Sneak Peek From NASA’s Lucy Mission? Here are Some Photos it Took of the Moon During its Flyby
Want a Sneak Peek From NASA’s Lucy Mission? Here are Some Photos it Took of the Moon During its Flyby
We reported a few weeks ago about an Earth gravity assist flyby for the Lucy mission. Around the same as the spacecraft took a dip closer to Earth than the ISS, it took some fantastic pictures of our nearest neighbor – the Moon. After some processing, those pictures are available for inspection or gawking, as the case may be.
Lucy took three separate pictures, ranging from 6.5 hours to about 8 hours after it flew past the Earth. Each was taken with the Lucy LOng Range Reconnaissance Imager, also called L’LORRI. And they are absolutely breathtaking.
The first covers an area of the Moon known as the Lunar Central Highlands, which is most likely well-known to most lunar observers. Located near the “center of the last quarter of the moon,” according to a NASA press release, there are some prominent craters in the 1200 sq km image, including Arzachel, with its characteristic sub-impacts, near the center of the picture.
“Terminator Mosaic” image captured by Lucy. Credit – NASA/Goddard/SwRI/JHU-APL/Tod R. Lauer (NOIRLab)
L’LORRI next turned its camera to take a composite shot of the whole Moon from top to bottom. Called a “terminator mosaic” in the press release, it shows a combination of the other two main images Lucy took on its journey past. Some craters clearly stand out, such as Copernicus, which shows as much brighter than other craters on the left side of the image.
Finally, Lucy took an image of Mare Imbrium, which includes the Apollo 15 landing site, in the bottom right corner. Other features include the Apennine mountains, named after the famous range in Italy, and Mare Imbrium itself, which is an ancient impact basin. The image covers a total of 1000 sq km.
To create these images, Lucy mission scientists used several compositing techniques, including stitching together multiple images – the terminator image and the Central Highlands image were crafted from five and ten individual images, respectively. The Mare Imbrium image, on the other hand, was captured with only one.
Image of Mare Imbrium on the Moon, as taken by Lucy. Credit – NASA/Goddard/SwRI/JHU-APL/Tod R. Lauer (NOIRLab)
Scaling is essential to understand in the images as well – each pixel of the image constitutes between 1.1 km and 1.3 km of area. Also, each image was taken while Lucy was between 230,000 to 260,000 km away from the Moon.
These images are a testament both to how close Lucy got to the Moon, the sensitivity of its instruments, and the technical aptitude of its science team. Taking pictures of the Moon isn’t Lucy’s first priority, but it will still be a few years before it reaches its final destination – the Trojan asteroids on the outer edges of the Jupiter system. In the meantime, we might be able to see even more amazing pictures, either of Earth or the Moon, as Lucy still has two more close encounter gravity assists in its near future.
The Perfect Tidal Tail Connects These two Galaxies Seen by Hubble
The Perfect Tidal Tail Connects These two Galaxies Seen by Hubble
Sometimes it’s tempting to imagine a supernatural hand behind the arrangement of celestial bodies. But the Universe is big, huge even, and nature’s flow presents many fascinations.
So it is with the galactic triplet Arp 248, an arrangement of interacting galaxies that’s both visually and scientifically fascinating.
Arp 248 is a trio of small interacting galaxies around 200 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. The image shows two of Arp 248’s galaxies flanking another smaller unrelated galaxy in the background. The galaxies are connected by a stream of stars, gas, and dust, created as the galaxies tug on one another gravitationally.
Arp 248 is also known as Wild’s Triplet, after astronomer Paul Wild (1923–2008), who studied the trio in the early 1950s. Image Credit: By Credit Line and Copyright Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona – http://www.caelumobservatory.com/gallery/wilds.shtml, CC BY-SA 3.0 us, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=20540032
Astronomers call the streams “tidal tails.” When dusty and gas-rich galaxies like Arp 248 merge, the merger frequently forms tails. The tails are made of material from the outer spiral disks of the merging galaxies, and they host active star formation indicated by blue.
The top image is from an observing project examining two collections of unusual galaxies involving Halton Arp. Arp was an American astronomer who created the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies in 1966. The Atlas contains 338 galaxies chosen for their unusual shapes. He intended for it to highlight the variety of peculiar structures that galaxies take.
The Universe is full of galaxies whose shape has been altered by interactions and mergers. This is Centaurus A, an elliptical galaxy that merged with a spiral galaxy around 300 million years ago. The merger created the dark dust lane, which is not usually a feature of elliptical galaxies. The merger also formed a spiral of gases in Centaurus A’s core. Image Credit: ESA
We now know these galaxies take such strange shapes because they’re interacting and potentially merging. Arp disagreed with that interpretation and said the unusual forms were due to ejections. But in any case, Arp realized astronomers weren’t very knowledgeable about how galaxies change over time, and he intended that astronomers could use his Atlas to study galaxy evolution.
The second collection of unusual galaxies in the observing project is called A Catalogue of Southern Peculiar Galaxies and Associations. It was published in 1987 by Arp and his colleague Barry Madore. The Catalogue contains 25 different varieties of objects, including galaxies with tails.
Astronomers have expanded their knowledge of interacting galaxies, and galaxy mergers since the Atlas and the Catalogue were published. We know that mergers play an important role in galaxy evolution.
Interacting galaxies are found throughout the Universe, sometimes as dramatic collisions that trigger bursts of star formation, on other occasions as stealthy mergers that result in new galaxies. These images are from a series of 59 images of colliding galaxies released from archived raw images from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. Image Credit: NASA/ESA/STScI
As astronomers study interacting galaxies in more detail, they’re uncovering a new class of objects that they call “intergalactic star-forming objects” (ISFOs.) ISFOs are a broad class of objects that capture the different types that form when galaxies interact. ISFOs can form due to tidal interactions and the ram-sweeping of material from interacting galaxies. They can also develop due to the inflow of gas and dust to the tails and through a combination of all these processes. ISFOs can range in mass from super star clusters to what astronomers call “tidal dwarf galaxies” (TDGs.) A 2012 paper based on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey estimated that about 6% of dwarf galaxies could have tidal origins.
This image shows NGC7252, a peculiar galaxy formed from a merger between two galaxies over a billion years ago. The white circles highlight the locations of two tidal dwarf galaxies (TDGs) forming in the tails. Researchers think that about 6% of dwarf galaxies are TDGs. Image Credit: Frederic Bournaud/Pierre-Alain Duc.
ISFOs are often bound gravitationally to the galaxies, but how many stay bound and for how long is still an open question. Sometimes material from the tidal streams will flow back into the galaxies, triggering more star formation. The leftover material from all this interaction enriches the interstellar medium with dust and metals.
Astronomers now think that about 25% of galaxies are currently merging with other galaxies. Even more of them are interacting gravitationally, if not merging, according to the Harvard Center for Astrophysics. Our Milky Way galaxy is evidence of this, as it cannibalized gas and even stars from the Magellanic Clouds and the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy. And in several billions of years, the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy will merge. Who knows what behemoth might arise from that event?
This series of photo illustrations shows the predicted merger between our Milky Way galaxy and the neighbouring Andromeda galaxy. Credit: NASA; ESA; Z. Levay and R. van der Marel, STScI; T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger
How supermassive black holes (SMBHs) grow so massive is also an open area of inquiry. Astrophysicists know that mergers are part of SMBH’s growth process, but there’s a lot they don’t know.
The James Webb Space Telescope captured this image of Stephan’s Quintet. It’s a fivesome of galaxies, four interacting, and the fifth is only visually associated. The left-most galaxy is NGC7320 which is well in the foreground of the other four. The image is a composite of almost 1,000 separate images. The four stars and their interactions produce tails, regions of active star formation, glittering regions containing millions of young stars, and shock waves from NGC 7318B as it bullies its way through the cluster. NGC 7318B is the top one in the pair of galaxies closest together. Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI
The Hubble Space Telescope’s Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) scrutinized this assortment of unusual interacting galaxies to lay the groundwork for more detailed study in the future. The Hubble will examine some of these targets with its other instruments, and so will the James Webb Space Telescope and ALMA. Observing time on these telescopes is always in high demand, so this project will help astronomers allocate time better.
Hubble saw Multiple Light Echoes Reflecting off Rings of Dust From a Supernova Explosion
Hubble saw Multiple Light Echoes Reflecting off Rings of Dust From a Supernova Explosion
When stars reach the end of their life cycle, they experience gravitational collapse at their centers and explode in a fiery burst (a supernova). This causes them to shed their outer layers and sends an intense burst of light and high-energy short-wavelength radiation (like X-rays and gamma-rays) out in all directions. This process also creates cosmic rays, which consist of protons and atomic nuclei that are accelerated to close to the speed of light. And on rare occasions, supernovae can also create “light echoes,” rings of light that spread out from the site of the original explosion.
These echoes will appear months to years after the supernova occurs as light from the explosion interacts with the layers of dust in the vicinity. Using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), an international team of astronomers was able to document the emergence and evolution of multiple light echoes (LEs). The team traced these echoes to a stripped-envelope supernova (SN 2016adj) located in the central dust lane of Centaurus A, a galaxy located 10 to 16 million light-years away in the constellation of Centaurus.
The core and subsequent layers of a dying star. Each layer has been left over from millions of years of fusing each subsequent element into the next one. Credit: Wikimedia
The SN 2016adj supernova was first seen in 2016 and took place in the well-studied galaxy of Centaurus A. This type of supernova (stripped-envelop) refers to the fact that the star undergoing collapse has already blown away its outer hydrogen envelope and was surrounded by an outer helium layer before exploding. Despite its relative proximity, there is still considerable debate about this galaxy’s fundamental properties and proper distance. Astronomers are still unsure if it is a lenticular or giant elliptical galaxy and estimate its distance at 10 to 16 billion light-years from Earth.
In the five and a half years since SN2016adj was discovered, astronomers have watched the area around the supernova as it slowly faded. Using images from Hubble, Stritzinger and his colleagues created a short video that shows the supernova fading and the evolution of the light echoes that followed. The gif video (shown below) shows the progression throughout a one-thousand, nine-hundred, and eleven-day period. This includes the light from the original explosion visibly fading, followed by the appearance of an illuminated ring that expands slowly outwards.
The data set is remarkable and enabled us to produce impressive colored images and animations that exhibit the evolution of the light echoes over the five years that followed. It is a rare phenomenon previously documented with only a handful of other supernovae. As Prof. Stritzinger said in a recent UCD Research News release:
“Centaurus A is full of dust lanes, and when the sideways spreading light from the supernova hit these dusty areas over time, they lit up further and further away from the original supernova position, creating a series of expanding rings of emission called light echoes. The variations in these rings during the years of observation enable researchers to probe the layout of the dust lanes in the galaxy near the explosion. The data suggests that they consist of columns of dust with large holes in between, resembling a chunk of Swiss cheese.”
A short gif-video, showing first the supernova explosion at the very centre. Credit: University College Dublin
Gif-video of the HST images acquired of SN 2016adj. Credit: HST/NASA/Caltech-JPL/Stritzinger et al. (2022)
Based on their observations, astronomers estimate that the blast wave created by the explosion moved outwards at over 10,000 km per second (36 million km/h; 22.37 million mph). Ahead of this wave is the intense flash of light released from the supernova, which is absorbed by the clouds of dust and gas thrown off by the supernova explosion, which caused the expanding rings of light captured in these images. These events are particularly interesting to astronomers since they are how the Universe was seeded with heavy elements like carbon, oxygen, and iron.
The abundance of these elements led to the formation of the first planet roughly thirteen billion years ago and the eventual emergence of life. As co-author Dr. Stephen Lawrence of Hofstra University said:
“A good everyday analogy is to imagine the finale of a fireworks show – the bright burst of light from a shell at the end of the show will light up the smoke from earlier shells that is still lingering in the area. By comparing a series of photographs taken over several minutes, you could measure all sorts of information that is not directly related to the most recent explosion that is lighting up the scene, things like how many shells had previously exploded, how opaque is the smoke from a given shell, or how fast and in what direction was the wind blowing.”
These observations were immensely significant since only four distinct light echoes from four different dust sheets have been observed so far. Looking ahead, the team hopes to conduct follow-up observations with Hubble, hoping that more light rings will emerge. They also hope to obtain spectra from the light echoes, which will reveal the dust clouds’ composition and the supernova’s chemical makeup. In the meantime, these results show how the venerable Hubble can still make major discoveries over thirty years later. As co-author Dr. Morgan Fraser of the UCD School of Physics:
“While the James Webb Space Telescope has drawn much attention, its predecessor Hubble continues to provide incredible images of the Universe. HST has now been observing the sky for over three decades, so we can find things like this light echo that evolve slowly over many years.”
All stars are composed of mostly hydrogen and helium, but most stars also have measurable amounts of heavier elements, which astronomers lump into the category of “metals.” Our Sun has more metals than most stars because the nebula from which it formed was the remnant debris of earlier stars. These were in turn children of even earlier stars, and so on. Generally, each new generation of stars has a bit more metal than the last. The very first stars, those born from the primordial hydrogen and helium of the cosmos, had almost no metal in them. We’ve never seen one of these primordial stars, but with the power of the Webb and a bit of luck, we might catch a glimpse of them soon.
One way to determine the amount of metal a star has is by comparing the ratio of iron in its atmosphere compared to helium, known as [Fe/He]. This metallicity number is usually expressed on a logarithmic scale, where the Sun’s metallicity is set to zero. Stars are then set into populations based on this number. Any star with a metallicity of at least -1 (meaning it has at least 10% of that of the Sun) is a Population I star. Stars with lower metallicity are Population II stars, and the very first stars with no observable metals would be Population III stars.
In the Milky Way, Population I stars are typically found within the galactic plane and spiral arms, while Population II stars are mostly in a more diffuse halo of stars surrounding the galaxy. This makes sense, since stars form within the gas and dust of spiral arms, and can drift away from the galactic plane as they age. Other than the fact that Population II stars are usually billions of years older than the Sun, they are broadly similar to younger stars.
The first generation of stars is thought to have been very different. The more metal a star has the more dense it can be. A star such as the Sun is more compact than a Population III star, and therefore doesn’t need as much mass to shine so brightly. Since the first stars were made only of hydrogen and helium, we think they were massive stars that lived short but very luminous lives. They likely formed during the first few hundred million years of the universe, and died within a few tens of million years or less. The only way we can see their light is by peering into the deepest reaches of space. Even the brightest galaxy of Population III stars would be very dim as seen from Earth. But are they too dim for the almighty Webb to observe?
A Population III star compared to our Sun. Credit: STScI
That’s the question this recent study tried to answer. The team simulated both the intensity and spectrum of first-generation stars to determine how they might appear within an early galaxy, then compared this to the capability of the Webb Space Telescope. They found that if Webb had a direct, unobstructed view of a bright primordial galaxy, it would still be too dim for Webb to see. But if a particularly large primordial galaxy happens to be located behind a large closer galaxy, gravitational lensing could magnify and brighten the distant galaxy’s light to a point where Webb could detect it.
In other words, we are on the frustrating edge of being able to detect first-generation stars. If things are lined up just so, and we can separate the spectra of the first-generation galaxy from the closer galaxy, then we have a chance. That may sound disappointing, but astronomers are skilled and clever, so there’s reason to hope that in time we will see light from the grandmothers of all stars
Extraterrestrial Genetic Engineering of two human genotypes began 400,000 years ago
Extraterrestrial Genetic Engineering of two human genotypes began 400,000 years ago
Peter Moon discusses a recent trip to Romania where he conducted research related to the Translyvania Rising book series. In the first part of the interview he focuses on what was discovered at a Cioclovina Cave, which he states has clear evidence of being a powerful time reactor. He believes the cave takes special significance during the 20 year planetary biorythm associated with the Montauk Project, which next occurs on 2023.
In the latter portion of the interview, Moon focuses on Book VI of the series: Forgotten Genesis where humanity's genetic origins is revealed. Moon covers how holographic records are accessed by the series protagonist Radu Cinamar who is helped in understanding humanity's origins by beings associated with an underground civilization called Apellos.
Moon elaborates on Cinamar's information about two human genotypes being created from which Sirians could incarnate on Earth, and a worker race would serve them.
The first genotype called E N L would possess more extraterrestrial genetics and thereby have greater psychic and mental abilities. In contrast, the second genotype, E N K would be more robust and better suited for living in Earth conditions. Moon discusses the Sirian geneticist Tenekau (aka Enki) responsible for creating the two human genotypes, which could be mixed to create a long lived hybrid species as discussed in ancient texts such as the King's List and Manetho's history of Egypt.
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This day in UFO history: Travis Walton was abducted by aliens
This day in UFO history: Travis Walton was abducted by aliens
Travis Walton was abducted on 5th November 1975 and was missing for 5 days. So on these days, 47 years ago, he was on alien’s spaceship.
On November 5, 1975, Travis Walton was supposed to be working his usual shift in Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest in Arizona. Little did he know that he would suddenly experience something that he’ll never forget.
After a long day of work, Travis and his six crew members were on their way home when they suddenly noticed a mysterious glow in the trees. As they continued driving, they eventually saw that the light was coming from a structure.
After seeing an object that he initially thought was a UFO, Travis decided to approach it as it was still hovering in the clearing. However, moments after he made his approach, he was suddenly struck by a bright bluish-green light. He was sent flying backward by the beam of light.
Witnesses claimed that a massive beam of light appeared in the sky and completely lit up the forest. It was compared to a bolt of lightning and a flame.
The crew’s manager, Mike Rogers, immediately left the area as the other members of the group were still stunned by what they saw. The other crew members then went back to the area to try and help Travis. However, they were surprised to see that he was still missing.
After looking for several minutes, the crew could not find Travis. They then contacted the local sheriff. They told him that a flying saucer carried their friend Travis. To prove their case, the sheriff and Mike Rogers, a UFO expert, conducted a search of the area.
The six of his coworkers were then accused of murder. Even though there were no other explanations as to what happened to Travis, Mike Rogers and the others stuck to their story. They claimed that they saw a UFO shoot a beam at Travis before it disappeared.
The exact details of what happened after Travis was hit by the flying saucer remain unclear. However, through a hypnosis session conducted by Dr. James Harder in the 1970s, the rest of the story was revealed. During the session, which was attended by several doctors and psychiatrists, Harder discussed the case with Travis and his psychiatrist. According to Harder, the evidence presented in the case is as valid as it would be in an American court.
According to Travis, he blacked out after he was hit by the beam of light. He claims that he felt a “numbing shock.” The next thing that he could remember was waking up in an oddly shaped room. He said that as he opened his eyes, he saw three creatures standing over him.
According to Walton, he was held down by a device that was placed over his chest. He then tried to scare the creatures by waving an object around. He claims that the creatures were about four to five feet tall and had enlarged heads.
Travis described the alleged beings as having large brown eyes and wearing orange jumpsuits. They were similar to the descriptions given by other witnesses.
After the creatures left, Travis wandered around the room. He soon found himself inside a room that looked like a planetarium. Two more beings then approached him and took him to another location. He believes that he was transported from the scout ship he was in. He recalls these beings putting a mask over his face, which caused him to black out. However, beyond that, he has no recollection of what happened to him.
Initially, the case of Travis Walton was regarded as a missing person. For several days, the authorities in Arizona conducted a search for him using helicopters and scent dogs. The search, which was the most extensive in the state’s history, ended when Walton was found.
On November 10, 1975, Travis was found lying on the side of the road. He said that he woke up to realize that a metallic mirror-like object was flying above him. He immediately ran to get help. He then called his family after he found a phone booth in Heber, Arizona.
The phone booth Travis used to call for help
Upon being found, Travis was taken to a hospital, where he was diagnosed with a wound on his right arm. He also lost a significant amount of weight. Five of the six witnesses who were interviewed during the investigation passed their polygraph tests. One of the witnesses, Alan Dalis, refused to participate in the test after he argued with Travis the morning of the incident.
Medical records indicated that no drugs were found in his system, and he passed a lie detector test. Travis eventually came back with faint memories of being visited by aliens and being accidentally shown a star system from the cockpit of the spaceship. He believes that the beam hit him in the chest and head, and it killed him. He also believes that he was transported to the spaceship to be revived.
It has been widely believed that if Travis had been lost or hiding in the forest, he would have probably died at night. Temperatures at that time reached around 8 degrees Fahrenheit.
Chapter 1 - 0:12 - Glowing Orbs in the Gulf of Mexico?
Chapter 2 - 05:10 - Pyramid-Shaped UFOs over the Pacific Ocean
Chapter 3 - 10:08 - Two Silver Spinning Discs across Montana Sky
Chapter 4 - 15:45 - Unknown Aircraft Flying Over Nevada Test Site
Chapter 5 - 21:15 - Unidentified Submerged Object Spotted by USS Omaha
Chapter 6 - 26:37 - Large Bright Beam in Mongolian Sky
Watch all new episodes of The Proof Is Out There on Fridays at 10/9c, and stay up to date on all of your favorite The HISTORY Channel shows at http://history.com/schedule.
Mysterious Satellite Captured on Camera: The UnXplained (Season 3)
While constructing the international space station, astronauts capture a strange object on camera, which raises suspicions around the world. See more in this clip from Season 3, "The Search For Extraterrestrial Life."
Monstrous "Moth Man" Terrifies West Virginia Town | Ancient Aliens
A young couple encounters a large winged creature that soon ignites terror in a small town, see more in this clip from Season 1, "Aliens and Strange Creatures."
Ancient Aliens: SECRET UNDERWATER ALIEN BASE FOUND (Season 6) | History
Documented eyewitness accounts of strange UFO activity at the Solomon Islands has led to a theory that an underwater alien base is present, in this clip from Season 6, "Aliens and Forbidden Islands."
UFO SPOTTED IN NORWAY *Real Footage* | The Proof Is Out There
After ruling out several ideas, these mysterious lights above Norway have investigators stumped, in this scene from Season 3, Episode 1 of The Proof Is Out There.
TOP 5 UFO SIGHTINGS | The Proof is Out There
These 5 UFO sightings are so out of the ordinary that it's difficult to make sense of them. Check them out in this The Proof Is Out There compilation.
Pilot Shares Videos Of Strange UFO Sightings In Skies Over The US
Pilot Shares Videos Of Strange UFO Sightings In Skies Over The US
Top 10 Creepiest Things Caught on Underwater Cameras
These underwater shots will freak you out! For this list, we’ll be looking at the eeriest and most unsettling visuals that have been recorded in oceans and lakes. Our countdown includes Mystery Creature, Train Graveyard, A Human Skeleton, and more! Which of these creeps you out the most? Let us know in the comments below!
The Pyramid of Djedefre at Abu Rawash: The pyramid of Djedefre is a pyramid built as a burial for the pharaoh Djedefre, in Abu Rawash, 8 kilometers from Giza ( Egypt ), in the 26th century BC.
It the most northerly pyramid in Egypt, and it has been in ruins since ancient times. Other pharaohs of the Fourth Dynasty began the construction of Djedefre but remained unfinished.
It is believed that the pharaoh chose this hill and set his tomb there to be closer to Ra, god of the Sun.
But there is more, because until the end of the 20th century archaeologists did not know if the pyramid was finished or had been unfinished.
In the first case, the top of the pyramid would have been the highest in Egypt (220 meters above sea level, between 8 and 20 meters above the original top of the Great Pyramid of Khufu) and its current state would be fruit of the destruction and reuse of the stones for later constructions from Roman times onwards.
This seems to be the most likely scenario, as the latest excavations found that the funerary complex around the monument was completed and was active until long after the pharaoh’s death, which would not make sense if the pyramid had never been completed.
What is known for sure is that its construction began around the year 2580 BC by order of Pharaoh Djedefre, son and successor of Khufu.
The pyramid is on a hill overlooking the Giza plateau (hence its altitude could have been higher than that of the Great Pyramid, despite its smaller size similar to that of Menkaure).
The reasons why this place was chosen as well as those for the reduction of the size of the building are unknown, although some researchers point to theological reasons, since Djedefre was the first pharaoh to bear the title of son of Ra.
It was first explored in 1840 by John Shae Perring (who between 1837 and 1842 excavated Giza using gunpowder), who would be followed by other researchers such as Flinders Petrie and Émile Gaston Chassinat.
The most extensive excavation of the complex began in 1995 by a Franco-Swiss team led by Michel Valloggia.
The original length of its base was 106.2 meters, which at a 52-degree angle of inclination (similar to the Pyramid of Khufu) would have given the structure a height of 67 meters.
To save material, time and labor, the hill was used, which made up 44 percent of the total volume of the pyramid.
It is significant that the burial chamber is not inside the pyramid as it used to be, but below it, at a depth of 21 meters, and in its lower part it has depressions that indicate that it housed a sarcophagus and a canopic chest, just like the Pyramid of Khafre.
In inscriptions found in the pit the name of the pyramid appeared, which translates as Djedefre covered with stars or as Djedefre belongs to the firmament.
Émile Chassinat, during his excavations between 1901 and 1924, found numerous fragments of statues of Pharaoh Djedefre (including four heads) and of members of his family, his sons Baka, Hernet, Setka, Neferhetepes and Queen Hetepheres II.
Most of these fragments are kept today in the Louvre, the Museum of Egyptian Art in Munich, and the Cairo Museum.
Original measurements of the Pyramid of Djedefre
Remains of the pyramid of Djedefre
Ramp down to the burial chamber, pyramid of Djedefre
Astronomers are captivated by brightest flash ever seen
Astronomers are captivated by brightest flash ever seen
by Issam AHMED
This picture provided by NASA on October 14, 2022 shows the Swift’s X-Ray Telescope capturing the afterglow of GRB 221009A about an hour after it was first detected.
Astronomers have observed the brightest flash of light ever seen, from an event that occurred 2.4 billion light years from Earth and was likely triggered by the formation of a black hole.
The burst of gamma-rays—the most intense form of electromagnetic radiation—was first detected by orbiting telescopes on October 9, and its afterglow is still being watched by scientists across the world.
Astrophysicist Brendan O'Connor told AFP that gamma-ray bursts that last hundreds of seconds, as occurred on Sunday, are thought to be caused by dying massive stars, greater than 30 times bigger than our Sun.
The star explodes in a supernova, collapses into a black hole, then matter forms in a disk around the black hole, falls inside, and is spewed out in a jet of energy that travels at 99.99 percent the speed of light.
The flash released photons carrying a record 18 teraelectronvolts of energy—that's 18 with 12 zeros behind it—and it has impacted long wave radio communications in Earth's ionosphere.
"It's really breaking records, both in the amount of photons, and the energy of the photons that are reaching us," said O'Connor, who used infrared instruments on the Gemini South telescope in Chile to take fresh observations early Friday.
"Something this bright, this nearby, is really a once-in-a-century event," he added.
Gamma-ray research first began in the 1960s when US satellites designed to detect whether the Soviet Union was detonating bombs in space ending up finding such bursts originating from outside the Milky Way.
"Gamma-ray bursts in general release the same amount of energy that our Sun produces over its entire lifetime in the span of a few seconds—and this event is the brightest gamma ray burst," said O'Connor.
This gamma-ray burst, known as GRB 221009A, was first spotted by telescopes including NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, and Wind spacecraft on Sunday morning Eastern time.
This picture provided by Noirlab on October 14, 2022 shows record-breaking Gamma-Ray bursting caught with Gemini South in Chile.
1.9 billion-year-old movie
It originated from the direction of the constellation Sagitta, and traveled an estimated 1.9 billion years to reach Earth—less than the current dis$$tance of its starting point, because the universe is expanding.
Observing the event now is like watching a 1.9 billion-year-old recording of those events unfold before us, giving astronomers a rare opportunity to glean new insights into things like black hole formation.
"That's what makes this sort of science so addictive—you get this adrenaline rush when these things happen," said O'Connor, who is affiliated with the University of Maryland and George Washington University.
Over the coming weeks, he and others will continue watching for the signatures of supernovas at optical and infrared wavelengths, to confirm that their hypothesis about the origins of the flash are correct, and that the event conforms to known physics.
Unfortunately, while the initial burst may have been visible to amateur astronomers, it has since faded out of their view.
Supernova explosions are also predicted to be responsible for producing heavy elements—such as gold, platinum, uranium—and astronomers will also be on the hunt for their signatures.
Astrophysicists have written in the past that the sheer power of gamma-ray bursts could cause extinction level events here on Earth.
But O'Connor pointed out that because the jets of energy are very tightly focused, and aren't likely to arise in our galaxy, this scenario is not something we should worry much about.
A group of astronomers has become star-struck at the brightest flash of light that has ever been seen, probably caused by a black hole forming.
On October 9, astronomers’ telescopes detected what is now considered to be the brightest flash of light ever observed.
The Swift’s X-Ray Telescope captured the afterglow of GRB 221009A an hour after it was first detected. NASA published the image.
Researchers say that the flash of light lasted for hundreds of seconds and was a burst of gamma rays likely caused by a collapsing star that transformed into a black hole. Notably, when a star explodes in a supernova, it can collapse into a black hole, and the leftover matter from the explosion then forms an accretion disk around the black hole. This matter eventually falls inside of the black hole and causes a large jet of energy to be shot out at speeds close to the speed of light. Some instances of this gamma-ray jet have reached 99.99% the speed of light.
Furthermore, the flash of light released photons that carried a record 18 teraelectronvolts of energy, which is 18 with 12 zeros behind it. Such power was even felt on Earth, with reports indicating that long-wave radio communications in Earth’s ionosphere have been impacted by the flash. Astrophysicist Brendan O’Connor recently spoke to AFP and explained that he took observations of the event last Friday and found that the event itself occurred 2.4 billion light years away from Earth.
“It’s really breaking records, both in the amount of photons, and the energy of the photons that are reaching us. Something this bright, this nearby, is really a once-in-a-century event.
Gamma-ray bursts in general release the same amount of energy that our Sun produces over its entire lifetime in the span of a few seconds-and this event is the brightest gamma ray burst,” said O’Connor.
For more information on this story, check out this link here.
Nikola Tesla's Terrifying Invention Has Just Been Revealed In Old Documents Nov 2022
Nikola Tesla's Terrifying Invention Has Just Been Revealed In Old Documents Nov 2022
We idolize our tech heroes in this era of technological obsession. The leaders of the technology sector are treated like rock stars, and their announcements of cutting-edge technology are heard by billions of people worldwide. The Serbian inventor Nikola Tesla, who held nearly 300 patents and was in charge of such ground-breaking technology as the alternating current, was one of the first tech icons.
Nikola Tesla, a Serbian-American engineer and physicist made numerous advances in the generation, transmission, and use of electric power. He invented the first alternating current motor and pioneered the development of AC generation and transmission technology.
Despite his notoriety and respect, he never succeeded in turning his innumerable inventions into long- term financial success, unlike Thomas Edison, his main rival and former employer. In this video, we’ll tell you about Nikola Tesla’s last message and his prediction to future generations revealed in old documents.
Ever since astronomers first detected ultra high energy neutrinos coming from random directions in space, they have not been able to figure out what generates them. But a new hypothesis suggests an unlikely source: the mergers of black holes.
Neutrinos are extremely ghostly particles. The carry no electric charge and they interact only rarely with normal matter through the weak nuclear force. Trillions of neutrinos pass through every square centimeter of your body every single second. So it takes truly enormous observatories to capture them. The largest of all is the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, which is a series of detectors sunk into the Antarctic ice sheet at the South Pole. Occasionally a neutrino will strike a molecule of water ice and lead to a flash of light that the observatory can detect.
While IceCube has seen countless events over the years, a few stand out. Some neutrinos are exceedingly energetic – so energetic that it’s difficult to come up with plausible scenarios that could generate them.
At the other end of the spectrum, perhaps the most powerful objects in the universe are black holes. Their intense gravity can tear apart stars and even power the formation of jets that can blast tens of thousands of light years into space.
So new research suggests that black holes may be responsible for the highest energy neutrinos. However, this can’t work with black holes in isolation Instead the black holes must be surrounded by an electrically charged plasma. That plasma will swirl around the black hole forming an accretion disk. Incredibly strong magnetic and electric fields in the accretion disk can wind their way around the black hole and send material flowing outwards in the form of a jet.
When two black holes merge this changes the direction of the jet, and occasionally the jets can get a boost from the gravitational energy released by the merger.
The authors of the new study suggests that if conditions are just right, the enhancement of the jet during a merger can power insanely high energetic neutrinos.
To match the observed numbers of high-energy neutrinos that IceCube has detected, the authors suggest that these black holes don’t have to merge all that often. If the neutrinos are powered by mergers of supermassive black holes, then they only need to collide between every 100,000 and 10 million years in every cubic gigaparsec of volume. If instead the neutrinos are powered by stellar mass black hole mergers, then they only need to happen 10 to 100 times every year in every cubic gigaparsec of volume.
These are promising numbers because the results sit within the expected range of merger rates of both stellar mass black holes and supermassive black holes. So as mechanisms go, it’s plausible. Only more observations will be able to tell, and hopefully astronomers will be able to pinpoint a source of these extremely energetic exotic particles.
Commercial Airline Pilots Record More UFOs Over Brazil and Colorado and a Politician Fears a UFO Collision
Commercial Airline Pilots Record More UFOs Over Brazil and Colorado and a Politician Fears a UFO Collision
If you are not yet convinced that commercial airline pilots – not military pilots – are in the best position to spot and record real UFOs, these recent events may convince you otherwise. After a number of pilots for Azul Brazilian Airlines reported UFOs over the state of Santa Catarina in far southeastern Brazil, more pilots from Azul and pilots from the low-cost airline Gol Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes are reporting additional sightings. In the U.S., a professional pilot for over 40 years with over 28,000 hours of flight time reports seeing a fleet of UFOs making strange maneuvers over Colorado, while others report sightings over Oklahoma. Proving some in positions of power and political influence are concerned about commercial airline encounters with UFOs, US Congressman Tim Burchett reveals he is convinced a collision is inevitable and will happen soon. Is it time for a commercial pilots UFO conference? Would their airlines allow it … anticipating the fear it could perpetrate amongst the flying public? Should Congress – or the White House or the Pentagon – demand it?
What are these pilots seeing?
“A new report of sightings of lights in the airspace of southern Brazil has emerged again with pilots from Azul and now also from Gol. As reported here , last week Azul pilots reported to Air Traffic Control agencies that they spotted unknown lights moving in the sky over southern Brazil. The lights would have a random pattern, moving and disappearing sometimes, in a formation that does not match any current aircraft, creating rumors that it would be a UFO - Unidentified Flying Object. Here, again, the lights would have appeared, now seen by four Azul flights and one by GOL Linhas Aéreas.”
As reported last week by Mysterious Universe, on October 22, 2022, Azul flight 4517 was approaching its destination of the Salgado Filho Porto Alegre International Airport on the Atlantic coast when its pilots reported seeing a UFO making strange movements – audio of the encounter was recorded and uploaded to YouTube. This week, AEROIN, the largest aviation website in Brazil and Latin America, reveals (in Portuguese) that four Azul flights and one GOL airliner saw a similar UFOs on the night of October 31 -- audio captured by the Youtube channel “Câmera Aeroporto Salgado Filho BrAmigos” which broadcasts live the movement at Porto Alegre International Airport and air traffic control in the region, was uploaded on November 1 (watch it here). According to AEROIN, “All 5 pilots were instructed to call the Air Defense Command and report the incident, a standard procedure in this type of occurrence.” While the Câmera Aeroporto Salgado Filho BrAmigos channel gives a detailed description of the encounters, it offers no explanation. The same is true at AEROIN.
"The whole event started about Midnight EST in the Colorado area. We were heading west on about an 85* heading at 35,000 ft going 078 Mach around 540 mph. The entire event started just to the right of the Big Dipper with a falling star traveling multiple thousands of miles/hr and immediately after, the craft appeared. First one was a larger one, then a smaller one that came from the left to meet up, then the original moved back to the left where they finally stopped moving for over an hr. The large craft stayed in one spot as the other 2 moved around. The final video shows them in a triangle which lasted about 20mins. We were given a new heading to the left and lost site for the remainder of the night on 10/19/22."
Meanwhile, in the U.S., documentary filmmaker and UFO investigator Jeremy Corbell released a video taken by an experienced commercial pilot on October 19, 2022, while flying over Colorado. The pilot remained anonymous for fear over his job – despite having 42 years of experience. This sighting (watch the video here) follows others reported here this month by multiple commercial pilots who claimed to see UFOs traveling in oval “racetrack” loops over the Pacific.
Moving on to Oklahoma …
“The flight officer who responded to the transmission over the radio just repeated what Air Traffic Control told him, “please be on the lookout for any strange activity you see in the area, and if so report back to us. We’ve gotten dispatched from several pilots about UFO-like objects flying around in the surrounding areas.”
Liberation Times reports that multiple commercial aircraft encountered unidentified aerial phenomena on October 2, 2022, over Oklahoma – incidents that left one experienced crew member “scared speechless.” In a video uploaded to YouTube (see it here), the crew of an American Airlines flight sounded reassured that they weren’t the only ones seeing the UAPs -- “Alright, then we’re not crazy then, I think,” – and speculated that they could be related to Whiteman Air Force Base in nearby Warrensburg, Missouri. However, air traffic control pointed out that the UAP was in the wrong direction. A Delta pilot is heard doubting this is a military plane:
“Unless they’re doing 360s with their lights on, I don’t know what else it is.”
An anonymous flight attendant said other flight attendants saw this and other UAPs and a pilot was overheard commenting:
“Yea, there’s definitely something else out here with us, plenty of pilots have witnessed it and I come from a military background so I’ve always known about it.”
That leads to the question: Who else knows about it? One person who does is US Representative from Tennessee Tim Burchett, who has been calling for more UAP disclosure by the Department of Defense and has doubts about the Pentagon’s UFO briefings. Burchett recently told The Daily Star he is especially concerned about the safety of military and commercial airline pilots with military backgrounds.
"Plenty of military pilots have reported UAP encounters that have no logical explanation. Some of them have warned it was only a matter of time before an aircraft got into a mid-air collision with an unexplained object. Yet despite these warnings and reports the first standardized reporting structure wasn’t established until 2019. Our government has been surprisingly quiet about the topic for many decades despite the many reports."
How close is too close?
Burchett is in a position where he can at least influence, if not change, the policies of the U.S. government in regards to UFO encounters by military and commercial pilots. The late Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid is a good example of a U.S. politician who had an impact on UFO investigations – helping to finance the original secret task force researching UAP encounters. Perhaps Tim Burchett could take up where Reid left off.
As always, it is sad and disconcerting that experienced pilots – both military and commercial – are not respected when they come forward with their ever-growing numbers of UFO encounters. They have videos and other witnesses and they’ve discussed the encounters with other pilots and with air traffic controllers. From the tone of their audio reports, they are concerned for the safety of their passengers and crews. Why isn’t their government?
Is it only a matter of time before a plane and a UFO collide? Must we have tragedy in order to have progress?
Orange Lights / UFOs filmed while driving in California, Sept 2022
Video shared by West-Wrap7967 on reddit, recorded on September 4, 2022 while moving from Florida to San Pedro, CA.
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Two UFOs filmed in New York, Nov 2022
Video shared by zikeonamic on Twitter, recorded on November 2, 2022 in James Braddock park, looking toward NYC Hudson river. Time: 6:11 PM.
Largest Potentially Dangerous Asteroid Of The Decade With a Strange Orbital Resonance
USS Nimitz Witness Tells His Story For The First Time | Contact
The USS Nimitz is famously known for the "Tic-Tac Incident", but a decade earlier, Kevin Thomas witnessed a completely separate but just as extraordinary event.
Nasa Astronaut Returns With Terrifying Information About Earth
The fascinating stories about outer space narrated by cosmonauts makes everyone want to take at least one trip out there and witness the mesmerizing cosmos with our own eyes. Maybe sometime in the future we might be able to do this for real. But outer space isn't a very safe or comfortable place. Humans know very little about the universe and what lies out there. In the past, many astronauts have encountered some unexplainable and downright terrifying things in space. And even with the modern and much more sophisticated equipment and knowledge, astronomers are unable to provide a logical explanation for these objects astronauts witnessand other strange experiences. Here are twenty creepiest things in space seen by astronauts
ALIEN WAR and The Horrors of Dulce Underground Base
ALIEN WAR and The Horrors of Dulce Underground Base
Everybody has heard of Area 51, which is a top-secret facility in Nevada’s desert. However, there are no known details about what goes on there.
There’s a rumor that says that the bodies of extraterrestrials have been recovered from the crash sites of UFOs.
But did you hear about Dulce Base? It’s reportedly more sinister than the former. If aliens were experimenting on humans in Area 51, then this facility would be the place for them.
One of Stephen Hawking’s most famous theories has been confirmed to be correct, thanks to space-time ripples caused by the merger of the two distant black holes.
The black hole area theorem, which Hawking derived from Einstein’s theory of general relativity in 1971, states that the surface area of a black hole cannot decrease over time. This rule is of importance to physicists because it appears to set time to run in a certain direction: the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy, or disorder, of a closed system must always rise. Because the entropy of a black hole is proportional to its surface area, both must always increase.
The researchers’ confirmation of the area law, according to the new study, appears to suggest that the properties of black holes are crucial hints to the hidden laws that control the universe. Surprisingly, the area law appears to contradict another of the famous physicist’s proven theorems: that black holes should evaporate over incredibly long time scales, suggesting that determining the source of the conflict between the two theories might reveal new physics.
“A black hole’s surface area can’t be decreased, which is like the second law of thermodynamics. It also has a conservation of mass, as you can’t reduce its mass, so that’s analogous to the conservation of energy,” lead author Maximiliano Isi, an astrophysicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, told Live Science. “Initially people were like ‘Wow, that’s a cool parallel,’ but we soon realized that this was fundamental. Black holes have an entropy, and it’s proportional to their area. It’s not just a funny coincidence, it’s a deep fact about the world that they reveal.”
The event horizon limits the surface area of a black hole; beyond this point, nothing, not even light, can escape its strong gravitational pull. According to Hawking’s interpretation of general relativity, as a black hole’s surface area increases with its mass, and because no object thrown inside can exit, its surface area cannot decrease. However, because the surface area of a black hole reduces as it spins, researchers questioned if it would be feasible to throw an object inside hard enough to cause the black hole to spin enough to diminish its area.
“You will make it spin more, but not enough to counterbalance the mass you’ve just added,” Isi said. “Whatever you do, the mass and the spin will make it so that you end up with a bigger area.”
To put this idea to the test, the researchers examined gravitational waves, or ripples in the fabric of space-time generated 1.3 billion years ago by two massive black holes spiralling toward each other at high speeds. The Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), a laser beam divided into two 2,485-mile-long (4-kilometer) pathways capable of detecting the slightest distortions in space-time by how they affect its path length, discovered the first waves in 2015.
The researchers determined the mass and spin of both the two original black holes and the new combined one by dividing the signal into two parts — before and after the black holes merged. These figures enabled them to compute the surface area of each black hole before to and after the collision.
“As they spin around each other faster and faster, the gravitational waves increase in amplitude more and more until they eventually plunge into each other — making this big burst of waves,” Isi said. “What you’re left with is a new black hole that’s in this excited state, which you can then study by analyzing how it’s vibrating. It’s like if you ping a bell, the specific pitches and durations it rings with will tell you the structure of that bell, and also what it’s made out of.”
The newly formed black hole has a greater surface area than the first two combined, proving Hawking’s area rule with higher than 95% certainty. According to the researchers, these findings are mostly consistent with their predictions. The theory of general relativity, from which the area law was developed, does an excellent job of characterizing black holes and other large-scale objects.
The real mystery however, begins when we try to integrate general relativity — the rules of big objects — with quantum mechanics — those of the very small. Strange events begin to occur, wreaking havoc on all of our hard and fast rules and entirely breaking the area law.
This is because, according to general relativity, black holes may shrink according to quantum mechanics. The famous British physicist behind the surface area rule also created the concept of Hawking radiation, which describes how a fog of particles is released at the edges of black holes due to strange quantum processes. This phenomenon leads the black holes to shrink and, eventually, over a time period several times longer than the age of the universe, evaporate. This evaporation may occur over periods long enough to avoid violating area law in the short term, but that is little consolation to physicists.
“Statistically, over a long period of time, the law is violated,” Isi said. “It’s like boiling water, you’re getting steam evaporating from your pan, but if you only limit yourself to looking at the disappearing water inside of it, you might be tempted to say the entropy of the pan is decreasing. But if you take the steam into account too, your overall entropy has increased. It’s the same with black holes and Hawking radiation.”
After establishing the area rule for short to medium time frames, the researchers will evaluate data from more gravitational waves to get further insights into black holes.
“I’m obsessed with these objects because of how paradoxical they are. They’re extremely mysterious and confounding, yet at the same time we know them to be the simplest objects that exist,” Isi said. “This, as well as the fact that they’re where gravity meets quantum mechanics, makes them the perfect playgrounds for our understanding of what reality is.”
A Black Hole's Jets are Coming From a Region 2,000 km Away From the Singularity Itself
Artist’s conception of the Cygnus X-1 system.
Credit: John Paice
A Black Hole's Jets are Coming From a Region 2,000 km Away From the Singularity Itself
In 1961 astronomers discovered a powerful x-ray source coming from the constellation Cygnus. Not knowing what it was, they named the source Cygnus X-1. It’s one of the strongest x-ray sources in the sky, and we now know it is powered by a stellar-mass black hole. Since it is only about 7,000 light-years away, it also gives astronomers an excellent view of how stellar-mass black holes behave. Even after six decades of study, it continues to teach us a few things, as a recent study in Science shows.
Cygnus X-1 is actually a binary system. The black hole itself is a 21 solar-mass stellar remnant, and it orbits a 41 solar-mass companion star. It’s a powerful x-ray source because material from the star is captured into an accretion disk of the black hole, which superheats the material and generates jets of plasma that flow away from the black hole. This is a common situation for black holes, but astronomers still don’t understand all the details of how this type of structure evolves.
For this study, the team used data from the Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), which can capture not just x-rays but also their polarization. When they combined this data with other observations of Cygnus X-1, they found the x-rays are emitted not from the regions along the jets, but from a 2,000 km region perpendicular to the jets. In other words, the accretion disk itself is the primary x-ray source. This supports the model where the innermost region of the accretion disk is what powers a black hole’s jets.
This X-ray image of Cygnus X-1 was taken by a balloon-borne telescope, the High Energy Replicated Optics (HERO) project. NASA image.
The team also found that the orientation of the accretion disk is tilted significantly relative to the orbital plane of the binary system. It would be unusual for members of a stellar binary system to have such differing rotational axes, so it is likely that the shift occurred during the cataclysmic explosion that formed the black hole.
Knowing that the x-ray source is relatively close to the black hole, astronomers can further study their dynamics to better understand how black holes affect the warping of space and time, which could lead to more stringent tests of general relativity.
Mysterious light pillars appear over Jeju Island, S. Korea 26-Oct-2022
Mysterious light pillars appear over Jeju Island, S. Korea 26-Oct-2022
On October 26, 2022, several light pillars appeared in the sky above South Korea’s southern island of Jeju. Meteorologists attributed the event to the high-level clouds, as the light from them reflected the light coming from the fishing boats.
EXCLUSIVE: Never-before-seen photos reveal extraordinary wedge-shaped impressions and oval imprints left in a grass field by UFOs during famous 1994 sighting witnessed by more than 60 schoolchildren in Zimbabwe
EXCLUSIVE: Never-before-seen photos reveal extraordinary wedge-shaped impressions and oval imprints left in a grass field by UFOs during famous 1994 sighting witnessed by more than 60 schoolchildren in Zimbabwe
New photos obtained by DailyMail.com show imprints in the ground left by an alleged UFO that was seen by over 60 witnesses in a famous 1994 sighting in the southern African country of Zimbabwe
A class of 62 students at the Ariel School in Ruwa, said they saw a disc-shaped craft land in a field behind their playground on Friday September 16, 1994 - and some even claimed humanoids emerged from the craft
The extraordinary case has fascinated researchers for decades, however, the one element that had been lacking was physical evidence of the landing
Photographer Gunter Hofer, one of the first on the scene, shared his photos with DailyMail.com showing wedge-shaped impressions in the 'rock-hard' soil and an oval imprint in the grass allegedly left by the craft
Hofer initially couldn't find anything in the area where many of the kids had seen a craft that Friday, but later realized some of them had also seen UFOs the previous day on the other end of the field
It was there that he found 'two oval shapes' and 'a wedge-shaped marking' that had flattened the grass
'The earth there was rock-solid due to the long drought in Zimbabwe,' Hofer said. 'So whatever made that mark really dug in hard'
The newly unearthed photo evidence was shared with DailyMail.com ahead of the release of a new documentary, Ariel Phenomenon, released Thursday, featuring interviews with the students
New photos show imprints in a field left by an alleged UFOthat was seen by over 60 witnesses in a famous 1994 sighting in Zimbabwe.
A whole class of children at the Ariel School in Ruwa drew media attention nearly 30 years ago after they said they had seen a disc-shaped craft land in a field behind their playground one Friday morning in September 1994 – and some even said they saw humanoid beings come out from the craft and communicate with them.
A Pulitzer Prize-winning head of psychiatry at Harvard interviewed many of the 62 children at length shortly after, and concluded they were telling the truth. Now adults, they have all stuck to their stories for decades.
Previously unseen photo evidence has been shared with DailyMail.com ahead of the release of a new documentary, Ariel Phenomenon, about the astonishing incident.
The stunning revelation also comes as interest in UFOs is growing in the United States.
Over five dozen school children at the Ariel School in Ruwa, Zimbabwe claimed to have witnessed a unidentified flying craft land in a field behind their playground in September 1994
Researchers traveled to the school where they asked the kids to draw what they'd seen 'while it was fresh in their minds'
Photographer Gunter Hofer, who was one of the first on the scene documenting the incident, shared his photos which show wedge-shaped impressions allegedly left by the UFO in the grass field. He is seen posing near the 'flattened' grass
Hofer would later realize that some of the children had seen UFOs on two different days, Thursday September 15, 1994 and Friday, September 16
The kids claimed the first alleged landing took place on the other end of the campus, which led Hofer to discover the physical evidence
A marked photo illustrates the wedge-shaped impressions found in the dry soil within the grass after the alleged UFO sighting
On Tuesday a congressional sub committee held the first public hearings into 'unidentified aerial phenomena' (UAP) for over 50 years, prompted by continued reports of incursions by strange and highly sophisticated craft in US airspace, including near aircraft carriers and nuclear weapon silos.
In December, Congress passed a new law mandating a government UFO office to investigate such incidents.
The Ariel incident is one of the most prized UFO cases among researchers, who say that the scores of witnesses, their contemporaneous accounts and even striking drawings of the alleged craft and beings drawn the same day make for a very compelling – if unsettling– story.
The one element that had been lacking in the extraordinary case was physical evidence that something had landed in the schoolyard that morning.
But now DailyMail.com can reveal photographs of wedge-shaped impressions in the 'rock-hard' soil and an oval indentation in the long grass allegedly left by the craft.
Photographer Gunter Hofer was one of the first on the scene to document what happened, and shared his photos with DailyMail.com.
A map of Ariel School illustrates the two landing sites where the UFOs are said to have touched down on two consecutive days in September 1994
The site of the alleged second landing on Friday, September 16. Hofer explained he didn't find any evidence of a landing in this area where the ground was 'already flat, there was no grass and the surface was hard'
Students Farrayi and Guy Gibbon at Ariel School showing Hofer and the crew around the grounds beyond the playground where the UFO was seen
'I couldn't find anything in the area where many of the children had seen a craft. It was difficult, as the ground was already flat, there was no grass and the surface was hard,' he said.
'But some of the children described seeing a craft in a separate location on the savanna, which is where I found impressions in the grass.
'I found two oval shapes, one smaller and one larger. I also found what looked like a wedge-shaped marking in the ground, something had pushed in,' he said.
Hofer was first alerted to the incident the day it occurred by the BBC's man in Zimbabwe, journalist Tim Leech.
Leech accompanied him and local UFO researcher Cynthia Hind to interview the children the following Tuesday.
'Cynthia asked the headmaster if the kids could draw what they'd seen while it was fresh in their minds,' Hofer said.
'There was a very palpable atmosphere of excitement, of course, and also confusion over what it could be.
'Most of the descriptions we got from the kids were very consistent, of a short-looking being,' he added. 'A lot of them described very large eyes.
'They couldn't describe the clothing exactly. But one of them said it reminded them of a diving suit because it was tight-fitting.'
When the schoolchildren were asked to draw their observations, some produced drawings containing two objects, one which was cigar-shaped labeled 'Thursday' and another which was disc-like or oval-shaped, labeled 'Friday'
As for the humanoids some claimed to see emerge from the craft, Hofer said that most of the students' descriptions were 'very consistent of a short-looking being' and 'a lot of them described very large eyes'
One student drew a picture of an alien that allegedly came out of the UFO in front of the group of school children
A drawing of the craft that the students said shone like water in the sun
News of the strange encounter spread and media flocked to the school to cover the story.
Subsequent retellings focused on the children's accounts of four craft hovering and landing at the far end of the schoolyard, beings emerging and even telepathically communicating with them.
But Hofer realized some of the children had also seen UFOs the day before on the other end of the campus, which led him to discover the physical evidence.
'We noticed some of the kids drew two objects. One object looked like a cigar, and they labeled that 'Thursday',' he told DailyMail.com.
'Then they drew what they saw on Friday the 16th which is more of a disc-like, oval-shaped object.'
Hofer said two boys told him that on Thursday September 15 they saw a craft with flashing lights flying above the power lines at the other end of the playground.
'It was moving, disappeared, instantly reappeared somewhere else, and then vanished,' he said.
It was in that location he found the flattened grass and wedge markings.
'The earth there was rock-solid due to a long drought in Zimbabwe,' he said. 'So whatever made that mark really dug in hard.'
In the weeks after the incident, head of the Harvard Department of Psychiatry John Mack flew to Zimbabwe to interview the children. He is pictured above with Ariel School headmaster Colin Mackie in 1994
Dr Mack interviewed many of the 62 children at length shortly after, and concluded they were telling the truth
The area where the two oval impressions were spotted was inaccessible to vehicles.
Although cattle could access the area, the largest shape was about 30 ft long and there were no imprints to suggest cows walking through.
Hofer said that while he and Leech were interviewing the boys, they were distracted by a bright light shining from the nearby hills.
'On top of a nearby hill, we saw an extremely bright intense light, like someone was reflecting sunlight,' he said.
'I went to investigate later on and could find no apparent source from where it originated from. It actually interfered with filming.'
Several of the children, now adults, were interviewed by documentary director Randall Nickerson for his new movie on the incident, Ariel Phenomenon, released Thursday
The footage featuring the bright light has never been released and Hofer has tried to obtain it from the BBC without success. Leech, a former head of the Foreign Correspondents Association, died in 2011.
According to Hofer, the children who saw the beings described them as 'moving in slow motion like they were on the moon' and speculated there may have been 'an intense gravitational field created by the craft.'
The children stand by their story to this day. Several were interviewed by documentary director Randall Nickerson for his new movie on the incident, Ariel Phenomenon, released Thursday.
Nickerson told DailyMail.com the witnesses are still impacted as adults and have suffered from PTSD.
Lisil Field, who was in Grade 4 at the time, told the documentary: 'I remember seeing two flashing lights and I saw a big silver saucer thing that was hovering, and then it landed or hovered on a stone, then I saw two figures come out, really black but their face, you could actually see not much of their face, but it was really white in color.'
Another witness, Robert Medcalf, who was in Grade 2 at the time, said: 'I suddenly realized that he's not quite normal. I didn't actually know about UFOs or aliens at the time, I just thought it was a strange person…[the being's eyes] were almost like rugby balls or American footballs, with huge eyes on the side of his face.'
Nickerson told DailyMail.com that a UFO was tracked on radar twice a day before the encounter.
An unidentified object traveling across the Atlantic at high speed was pinged first by Mexican radar, then shortly after by commercial radar operators from Johannesburg in South Africa, he said, adding that radar contact was eventually tracked to a location 'near the Zimbabwean border with Botswana.'
All of the children stand by their story to this day. In a still from the documentary above, one of the students is seen returning to the school and the site of the landing in 2015
Witness Emily Trim is seen returning to Ariel School 20 years after the famous UFO sighting
Documentary director Randall Nickerson is a UFO experiencer himself and appeared on the Oprah Winfrey show in 1994, together with his sister, claiming they had been abducted by alien beings as children
In the weeks after the incident, the head of the Harvard Department of Psychiatry John Mack flew to Zimbabwe to interview the children.
In videotaped sessions included in Nickerson's documentary, several of the children said they received psychic messages from the beings they encountered warning them of environmental damage by humans to the planet.
Lisil Field told Mack the being didn't speak but sent her a message 'through the eyes'.
'It was like in the world all the trees would just go down and there would be no air and people will be dying. I think that in space there is no love, but down here there is,' Field said in the session with the psychiatrist.
Nickerson is a UFO experiencer himself. He appeared on the Oprah Winfrey show in 1994, together with his sister, claiming they had been abducted by alien beings as children.
He declined to comment on the alleged abduction in an interview with DailyMail.com.
The Ariel School case resurfaced in 2020, following the release of UFO documentary The Phenomenon.
Its director, James Fox, said he was tipped off about the incident by Steven Spielberg, the director of alien movie Close Encounters of the Third Kind.
Nickerson told DailyMail.com that he hopes his movie will make people question whether alien beings are visiting Earth.
'There is a species that's out there that's more evolved,' he said. 'The big question is, what are they doing? Because that's what we need to know. So we understand where we fall in their plan or whatever their ideas of the universe are.'
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New Evidence on Ariel School UFO incident
New Evidence on Ariel School UFO incident
Unseen photos show the imprints and wedge-shaped impressions left by unidentified flying objects in a field in Zimbabwe in 1994. More than 60 scholars witnessed the incident.
According to a report by DailyMail.com, the imprints left by the alleged UFO were found in the ground in Zimbabwe. The incident reportedly happened in 1994.
In September 1994, a group of students from the Ariel School in Ruwa said they saw a disc-shaped object flying across the field. Some of them also claimed that there were creatures from the UFO.
For researchers, the case has been a long-standing interest. However, they had not been able to piece together the exact details of the incident due to lack of physical evidence.
Gunter Hofer, a photographer who was one of the first individuals on the scene, shared his pictures with DailyMail.com, which showed the alleged alien craft’s oval and wedge-shaped impressions in the ground.
After initially not finding anything in the area where the students said they saw the UFO, Hofer later realized that some of them also spotted the UFO the previous day.
Upon further inspection, he came across two oval-shaped objects and a wedge-shaped mark that had flattened the grass. According to Hofer, the area where the objects were found was made of rock-solid ground due to the country’s long drought.
The photos were acquired by DailyMail.com before the release of a documentary about the incident, which features interviews with the students.
The photos show the imprints left by the alleged alien craft in the field. More than 60 witnesses reportedly saw the UFO in 1994.
Almost three decades ago, a group of students from the Ariel School drew attention after they said they saw a disc-shaped object flying across the field. Some of them also claimed that they saw creatures from the UFO.
After the incident, a psychiatrist from Harvard conducted an interview with the students to determine if they were telling the truth. He concluded that the students were telling the truth.
DailyMail.com acquired the photos before the documentary about the incident, titled Ariel Phenomenon, was released. The new revelation about the incident comes as UFO sightings are gaining interest in the US.
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LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS
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Elongated skulls are a very interesting global phenomenon. Across the planet, researchers keep discovering traces of these mysterious artifacts, the nature of which supposedly defies any explanation. Many researchers enthusiastically call elongated skulls evidence of the existence of forbidden archeology. And some of them even believe that they are proof that the real history of mankind is being hidden from most of people.
The analysis of this elongated skull, which has reddish hair, shows that it has a mitochondrial haplogroup U2e, which may signify it originated somewhere in the Caucasus… far from Paracas.
According to some DNA analysis, the deformation in the skull was not created artificially but due to the genetics. The elongated skulls of the Paracas culture have other strange features. Researchers concluded that the average volume of these skulls is 25% larger than that of the average modern person. Besides, they are 60% heavier than ordinary human skulls. But that is not all.
In 2018, a team of researchers led by Brien Foerster and L.A. Marzulli presented their DNS findings at the Elongated Skulls Symposium in Los Angeles. Foerster explained:
“The DNA results actually were incredibly complicated… It’s gonna take me some time to actually figure out what the results mean. What it does show for sure is that the Paracas elongated skull people were not 100% Native American. They were a mix or even you could say, in some ways, a hybrid of different people. Their blood types are very complicated as well, they should be blood type “O” if they’re 100% Native American and that’s not the case. We are likely looking at a sub-species of humanity as regards to the Paracas… Seems to be a lot of DNA evidence from extreme eastern Europe and extreme western Asia. More specifically I’m talking about the area in between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea where ancient elongated skull people lived I think about 3000 years ago. So I think we are looking at a migration pattern starting in the Caspian Black Sea area and then entering through the Persian Gulf and then moving eastwards eventually winding up on the coast of Peru.”
Source: YouTube screenshot
The earliest written reference to artificial cranial deformation dated back to 750 and 650 BC. In his book, “The Catalogues of Women,” the Greek poet Hesiod referred to a tribe from either Africa or India called the “Makrokephaloi” (or “Macrocephali”), which roughly translates to “the big heads.” The deformation of children’s skulls was already practiced by Huns, Goths, and Alans in the 4th and 5th centuries.
In April 2021, a video was posted on YouTube where a presenter showed elongated skulls he found in Huancavelica, a city in Peru. The presenter spoke Spanish through the video entitled “I found STRANGE and DEFORMED SKULLS in the mountains of Huancavelica.” The video went viral after some Facebook user posted it and pointed out the shape of the skull and the eye sockets as proof of alien origin.
Some experts came forward and said the skulls and eye sockets were completely normal. “The eye sockets are normal and perfectly within the range of human variation and look like eye sockets of other human skulls from Peru,” said Melissa S. Murphy, an anthropology professor at the University of Wyoming who specializes in the analysis of human remains from Peru.
The samples were sent to the genetic laboratory but to avoid influencing the result, the origin of the skulls was not informed. Interestingly, the mitochondrial DNA, inherited from the mother, presented mutations unknown to any man, primate or any other animal and the mutations suggested another human species different from Homo Sapiens, Neanderthals or Denisovans. It was reported that the people with Paracas skulls were biologically different and it would have been impossible for humans to interbreed with them.
So, who were those people? Did they evolve here on Earth on a path so different from us that they ended up looking drastically different? And what if the skulls of the Paracas culture are just the remains of aliens? The origin of the Paracas skulls is still a mystery for researchers but for now, the available evidence seems to suggest the Paracans were indeed human.
Found: The first exoplanet outside of our Milky Way
Found: The first exoplanet outside of our Milky Way
In a galaxy far, far away lies an exoplanet circling a binary system that contains a neutron star or black hole.
The Whirlpool Galaxy (left) in X-ray and optical light. On the right is an artist’s concept of the M51-ULS-1 system with the neutron star or black hole syphoning material from its companion star. The planet is eclipsing the X-rays generated by the superheated material around the compact object.
X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO/R. DiStefano, et al.; Optical: NASA/ESA/STScI/Grendler; Illustration: NASA/CXC/M.Weiss
Astronomers believe they’ve spotted the first extragalactic exoplanet beyond our own galaxy. Residing some 28 million light-years away near the heart of the Whirlpool Galaxy (M51), the binary system M51-ULS-1 consists of either a neutron star or a black hole that’s tangoing with a more standard companion star.
To find the distant planet hiding in this system, astronomers relied on X-ray data rather than more standard visual observations. “We are trying to open up a whole new arena for finding other worlds by searching for planet candidates at X-ray wavelengths, a strategy that makes it possible to discover them in other galaxies,” said study lead Rosanne Di Stefano of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in a press release.
The new research, published in Nature Astronomy, examined three galaxies: M51, M101, and M104. The team targeted more than 200 total star systems within these galaxies using the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the European Space Agency’s XMM-Newton. Within all those systems, they found only one exoplanet.
Hunting exoplanets
Researchers have mainly used two methods to spot the over 4,000 confirmed exoplanets so far. The radial velocity method measures how a star slightly wobbles when an orbiting planet around it gently tugs on its stellar host. Even though stars hold considerably more mass than the planets around them, even a petite world can cause its star to move around a bit, leaving an imprint in the star’s light.
The transit method, on the other hand, takes advantage of a planet crossing in front of its star. This briefly dims the starlight by a detectable amount. Even though planets are much smaller than their stars, researchers can measure these small but recognizable fluctuations in brightness.
Although both the radial velocity and transit methods are clearly effective, they are only useful for finding planets out to about 3,000 light-years from Earth. That’s still well within the boundaries of our Milky Way galaxy, which is about 100,000 light-years across.
So, in order to find this first extragalactic planet, scientists opted to search for passing planets within X-ray binaries. These systems would contain either a white dwarf, neutron star, or black hole pulling in material from a companion star. As this material falls onto the exotic stellar remnant, it becomes superheated, producing X-rays.
Unlike with optical light transits — where a relatively small planet only blocks a tiny amount of starlight — in such binary systems, the area where X-rays are produced is tiny enough that even a planet can block a significant portion (if not all) of the X-ray light. That means that searching for X-ray transits are detectable at a much greater distances than visual transits.
In the case of the M51-ULS-1 system, the black hole or neutron star is closely orbited by a star some 20 times the mass of the Sun. This makes the system one of M51’s brightest X-ray binaries. By examining Chandra data, researchers saw that for 3 hours, the X-rays typically emanating from the system dropped to zero. According to the researchers, this suggests that a Saturn-sized exoplanet is orbiting the compact object at some 19.2 astronomical units (AU; where 1 AU is the average distance between Earth and the Sun). That’s about twice as far as Saturn is from the Sun.
Of course, an exoplanet isn’t the only explanation for why the X-ray signal could have been disrupted. X-ray sources can also be obscured by, say, a cloud of dust passing in front of it. The researchers did consider this explanation, too, but they ultimately concluded it was less likely than an exoplanet.
Unfortunately confirming the extragalactic detection will take a long time. With such a wide orbit, the candidate won’t pass in front of the source again for another 70 years.
Rough past
If M51-ULS-1 is a planet, however, the Saturn-sized object has a rather tumultuous history.
The presence of a neutron star or black hole means that once upon a time, the system was home to not just the current companion star, but also another dying star. This doomed star would have burned through all of its fuel before erupting as a supernova, bathing any planets nearby with intense radiation.
And, because the system’s massive current companion star is still kicking, it’s entirely possible that this extragalactic exoplanet might be forced to withstand another nasty supernova in the future.
What Happens to Hot Jupiters when their Star Becomes a Red Giant?
What Happens to Hot Jupiters when their Star Becomes a Red Giant?
This artist’s impression shows an ultra-hot exoplanet as it is about to transit in front of its host star. Using the ESPRESSO instrument of ESO’s Very Large Telescope, astronomers have found the heaviest element yet in an exoplanet's atmosphere, barium, in the two ultra-hot Jupiters WASP-76 b and WASP-121 b. Image Credit: ESO
The study of extrasolar planets has led to some astounding discoveries, many of which have defied the expectations of astronomers and challenged our notions about the forms planetary systems can take. For example, the discovery of Jupiter-sized planets that orbit closely to their stars (“Hot Jupiters”) defied what astronomers suspected about gas giants. Previously, the general consensus was that gas giants form beyond the “Frost Line” – the boundary beyond which volatile elements (like water) freeze solid – and remain there for the rest of their lives.
Interestingly, this will happen when our Sun leaves its main sequence phase and enters its Red Giant Branch (RGB) phase. This raises the question of what happens to Hot Jupiters when their parent stars expand to become Red Giants. Using advanced 3D simulations, a team of researchers led by the Compact Object Mergers: Population Astrophysics and Statistics (COMPAS) consortium simulated how red giants will expand to engulf Hot Jupiters. Their findings could answer another mystery confronting astronomers, which is why some binary systems have one rapidly-rotating star with strange chemical compositions.
The research was led by Mike Lau, a Ph.D. student at Monash University’s School of Physics & Astronomy, and other members of the COMPAS consortium, a collaborative effort to study the evolution of binary systems. They were joined by members of The ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav), the Flatiron Institute’s Center for Computational Astrophysics, Princeton University, and the Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA). Their paper, “Hot Jupiter engulfment by a red giant in 3D hydrodynamics,” recently appeared in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
This image tracks the life of a Sun-like star, from its birth on the left side of the frame to its evolution into a Red Giant star on the right. Credit:ESO/M. Kornmesser
As Lau explained to Universe Today via email, the topic of Hot Jupiter engulfment is of interest to astrophysicists because they believe it may explain some of the “odd” stars that have been observed in our galaxy – rapidly rotating and chemically enriched giant stars. The recent explosion in exoplanet discoveries has allowed for various theories to be tested, including the possibility that when stars expand to become Red Giants, planets that used to orbit at a safe distance will spiral toward the star’s center, stirring up stellar material in the process. Said Lau:
“This is, therefore, one way of explaining observed rapidly rotating giant stars. Also, any planetary material that comes off during the in-spiral could alter stars’ surface chemical makeup. This may help us understand why a small fraction of stars are observed to be abnormally rich in lithium. Finally, we may be able to directly detect this process by looking for stars that have swollen up and brightened from eating a planet, though we will have to be very lucky to catch them in the act.“
The ability to directly observe engulfments and the resulting effect on stars will be possible thanks to next-generation space telescopes like the James Webb and ground-based telescopes with 30-meter (~98 ft) primary mirrors. This includes the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) – both of which are under construction in the Atacama desert in Chile – and the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), currently being built on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Using a combination of adaptive optics, coronographs, and spectrometers, these observatories will be able to directly detect exoplanets orbiting close to their stars.
This artist’s impression shows an ultra-hot exoplanet as it is about to transit in front of its host star. Credit: ESO
In the meantime, Lau and his colleagues conducted a series of 3D hydrodynamic simulations that recreated the engulfment process. As he described it:
“We used a method called smoothed particle hydrodynamics. This represents the giant star and hot Jupiter as collections of particles that follows the fluid’s motion, like a ball pit but with millions of balls. This technique has also been used to visualise fluids in video games and animations. A key result from our simulation is that the hot Jupiter may lose most of its material due to friction as it spirals into the star.”
In the future, Lau and his colleagues hope that further advances in computing will allow for higher-resolution simulations. If confirmed, their results could account for rapidly-rotating stars with abnormal chemical makeups in binary systems. They also offer a preview of what future surveys will show when they examine these systems and their exoplanets and can obtain spectra from them directly.
Planet Killer’ Asteroid Found In Sun’s Glare and Moving to Earth's Path
Planet Killer’ Asteroid Found In Sun’s Glare and Moving to Earth's Path
Paul Seaburn
When the mainstream media calls an asteroid a “planet killer,” we usually tend to take it with a grain of salt since we know that eye-grabbing headlines like that draw attention. When a noted astronomer using a state-of-the-art ground-based observatory uses that phrase, we should sit up and listen. Well, get that spine straight and those ears perked because a leading astronomer and astrophysicist just released a paper describing two “planet killers” which have been hiding in the glare of the sun and regularly cross the path of the Earth. One of these “killers” is a mile wide and yet has been keeping out of sight in the sun’s bright glare. There is a possibility that more could be hiding there, but this one is the big concern right now because its orbit is slowly moving it to be in sync with Earth. Should we be worried?
Twilight observations with the U.S. Department of Energy-fabricated Dark Energy Camera at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile, a program of NSF’s NOIRLab, have enabled astronomers to spot three near-Earth asteroids, or NEAs, hiding in the glare of the sun. These NEAs are part of an elusive population that lurks inside the orbits of Earth and Venus. One of the asteroids is the largest object that is potentially hazardous to Earth to be discovered in the last eight years. Image: DOE/FNAL/DECam/CTIO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/J. da Silva/Spaceengine
“To date we have discovered two rare Atira/Apohele asteroids, 2021 LJ4 and 2021 PH27, which have orbits completely interior to Earth's orbit. We also discovered one new Apollo-type Near Earth Object (NEO) that crosses Earth's orbit, 2022 AP7. Two of the discoveries have diameters ≳1 km. 2022 AP7 is likely the largest Potentially Hazardous Asteroid (PHA) discovered in about eight years.”
In the abstract of the paper, “A Deep and Wide Twilight Survey for Asteroids Interior to Earth and Venus,” astronomer and lead author Scott Shepherd, an astronomer at the Earth & Planets Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, DC, explained three new asteroids have been discovered orbiting the Sun within or almost within the orbit of Earth. Two are Atira or Apohele asteroids -- interior-Earth objects (IEOs) whose orbits have an aphelion (farthest point from the Sun) smaller than Earth's perihelion (nearest point to the Sun), which is 0.983 astronomical units (AU). These IEOs are far more rare than the Aten, Apollo and Amor near-Earth asteroids which are just outside of Earth’s orbit.
“There are likely only a few NEAs with similar sizes left to find, and these large undiscovered asteroids likely have orbits that keep them interior to the orbits of Earth and Venus most of the time. Only about 25 asteroids with orbits completely within Earth’s orbit have been discovered to date because of the difficulty of observing near the glare of the Sun.”
Besides being rare, these IEOs are extremely difficult to see because almost all of their orbit is in front of the Sun, and telescopes have the same ‘don’t look directly at a solar eclipse problem’ as humans – their lenses get fried when pointed too long at old Sol. To avoid this, Shepherd describes in the press release how astronomers seeking Atira asteroids must limit themselves to two 10-minute windows nightly when the asteroids make the turn around the edge of the Sun – a period made more difficult by the Sun being near Earth’s horizon so the asteroids are further hidden or blurred by Earth’s atmosphere. Nonetheless, these intrepid astronomers persist and recently found 2021 LJ4, 2021 PH27 and 2022 AP7. Once the excitement wore off, they realized 2022 AP7 had some unusual and potentially dangerous characteristics.
“One of them, 2022 AP7, is roughly a mile long, and its orbit crosses Earth’s path around the sun, getting as near as 4.4 million miles to Earth itself — uncomfortably close by cosmic standards (although far more distant than Earth’s moon).”
The New York Times is one of the mainstream media sites using the “Planet Killer” headline to describe the deadly potential of 2022 AP7. Let’s start with its size. To put it in perspective, at almost a mile or 1.5 km in diameter, it dwarfs the 525-foot-wide (160 m) asteroid moonlet Dimorphos which was bumped recently by NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) and had its trajectory altered as a test of our still infantile asteroid deflection system. Add to that the recent memory of the tiny 66 feet wide (20 meters) meteorite which exploded in 2013 above the city of Chelyabinsk in southeastern Russia, shattering windows on thousands of buildings – that space rock was also hidden by the glare of the Sun.
Is it time to panic? Do we need a bigger DART?
“Today, AP7 is somewhere between Mars and Jupiter, and given its five-year orbit, spends most of its time out of our way. When it next intersects Earth’s path, we’ll be minding our own business on the opposite side of the Sun.”
Cosmos Magazine gives us a non-mainstream media and more levelheaded perspective on 2022 AP7. Its path-crossing orbit currently has it two astronomical units (AU) away from Earth – that’s twice the distance between Earth and the Sun or just under 300 million km or 186 million miles. That still puts it in the near-Earth category, but calculations show its times crossing through Earth’s orbit in the next 100 years will occur far away from the planet. However, there is plenty of time after that, and they will be making further calculations and models to determine if and when 2022 AP7 will live up to its “Planet Killer” nickname.
2022 AP7's orbit (NASA)
“Our DECam survey is one of the largest and most sensitive searches ever performed for objects within Earth’s orbit and near to Venus’s orbit. This is a unique chance to understand what types of objects are lurking in the inner solar system. After 10 years of remarkable service, DECam continues to yield important scientific discoveries while at the same time contributing to planetary defense, a crucial service that benefits all humanity.”
To answer that other question most certainly bothering you … yes, there could be more “Planet Killer” asteroids hiding in the Sun’s glare in an inner-Earth orbit. Scott Shepherd says he’s confident that the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) mounted on the Víctor M. Blanco 4-meter Telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile, will find them in the 10 minute periods it opens its lenses to stare at the Sun. Let’s hope he’s right. SInce they can only be seen in the twilight, should this be called "The Twiligt Zone"? Or is that a self-fulfilling prophesy?
In the meantime, it seems like an ironic coincidence that the most dangerous asteroids may come from the inside of our solar system, rather than the outer areas. That is the same thing we’re finding out about our own planet – we need to spend more time studying the oceans and the depths of the mantle where greater dangers to our planet could lurk. Can they point that DECam at the bottom of the Pacific?
Bizarre Cases of Mysterious Artifacts Left Behind by UFOs
Bizarre Cases of Mysterious Artifacts Left Behind by UFOs
Brent Swancer
The world of the UFO phenomenon is littered with countless sightings and tales of the truly odd, but other than photographs or video footage there is rarely any evidence to really back it all up. Rarest of all is physical evidence left behind by these mysterious otherworldly craft, and such cases have become sort of the Holy Grail of the field. While not very common, there are indeed plenty of supposed cases of UFOs purportedly leaving behind physical evidence in the form of strange artifacts and items, and here we get into some strange territory, indeed.
On November 11, 1956, a Stig Ekberg and Harry Sjoberg were driving on the Island of Vaddo, Sweden, about 90 kilometers north-northwest of Stockholm, when they noticed up ahead a bright object that looked like a flattened sphere, measuring around 8 meters wide and 3 meters high. The object seemed as if it was about to fly past them, but it then suddenly made a sharp turned and headed directly towards them, and as it did their car’s engine mysteriously coughed, sputtered, and died. The object then came down to hover right near the road, and it was described as being so bright that “even a barn, half a kilometer away, was visible as if the sun was shining.” It then proceeded to maintain a position just one meter off of the ground, and as the frightened men looked on it started to glow brighter, and the air was filled with a smell like “ozone and smoldering insulation.”
After 10 minutes of this, the object lifted up and sped off in the direction from which it had come, and as it did the vehicle sprang back to life. The curious witnesses then went to where the thing had been hovering to find that the grass had been flattened and singed. Even weirder than this was that there was a shiny object on the ground that turned out to be a “three-sided piece of metal about the size of a matchbox,” and which was hot to the touch and heavier than it looked. The men collected the strange artifact and had it analyzed at the SAAB airline manufacturing company, who came to the conclusion that it was constructed of tungsten carbide and cobalt, and was definitely an artificially manufactured object and not some naturally occurring rock of any known kind, although it had no discernible conventional use. It is unclear what happened to this object after this, and we are left to wonder what it was. Was it something dropped by the UFO, and if so what was it? Who knows?
The following year, in September of 1957, Ibrahim Sued, a columnist for the Rio de Janeiro newspaper O Globo, received a letter from a witness who claimed to have seen a "flying disk" explode over the beach at Ubatuba, in Sao Paulo Province, Brazil, and that as it did it had “rained down” metal pieces. Within the envelope the letter came in were several strips of a dull gray metallic material which seemed to be scorched or oxidized somewhat, smooth but with a noticeable amount of wear and tear, and which were all dusted with a fine film of a powdered substance that somewhat resembled burnt charcoal residue, all of which had apparently been dropped by the UFO. The letter would read:
Dear Mr. Ibrahim Sued. As a faithful reader of your column, and an admirer of yours, I wish to give you, as a newspaperman, a “scoop” concerning flying discs. If you believe that they are real, of course. I didn’t believe anything said or published about them. But just a few days ago I was forced to change my mind. I was fishing together with various friends, at a place close to the town of Ubatuba, Sao Paulo, when I sighted a flying disc! It approached the beach at unbelievable speed and an accident, in other words, a crash into the sea, seemed imminent. At the last moment, however, when it seemed it was almost striking the waters, it made a sharp turn upward and climbed rapidly on a fantastic impulse. Astonished, we followed the spectacle with our eyes, when we saw the disc explode in flames. It disintegrated into thousands of fiery fragments, which fell sparkling with magnificent brightness. They looked like fireworks, despite the time of the accident, at noon, that is, at midday. Most of the fragments, almost all, fell into the sea. But a number of small pieces fell close to the beach and we picked up a large amount of this material—which was light as paper. I am enclosing a sample of it. I don’t know anyone that could be trusted to whom I could send it for analysis. I never read about a flying disk being found, or about fragments or parts of a disk that had been picked up. Unless the finding was made by military authorities and the whole thing kept as a top-secret subject. I am certain the matter will be of great interest to the brilliant columnist and I am sending two copies of this letter—to the newspaper and to your home address.
Not knowing what to do with the letter and its mysterious samples, Sued merely printed the letter in the newspaper out of curiosity, then put the mysterious pieces of weird metal aside and sort of ignored them until he was contacted by a Olavo T. Fontes, a Rio physician and Brazilian representative of the Aerial Phenomena Research Organization (A.P.R.O), who had heard of the letter through its publication in the paper. Fontes came out to Brazil and took a closer look at the samples, coming to the initial conclusion that one was cracked and had fissures suggesting that it had been forcefully blown off of a larger object, and it was surmised that the whitish substance was the result of the pieces being subjected to an intense heat. Sued offered to release the strange pieces to Fontes, who took them off to be analyzed further at the Mineral Production Laboratory. Fontes himself would say of the objects in a report to the Aerial Phenomenon Research Organization (APRO) in Tucson, Arizona:
I saw the samples sent by the unidentified correspondent—three small pieces of a dull-gray solid substance that appeared to be a metal of some sort. Their surfaces were not smooth and polished, but quite irregular and apparently strongly oxidized. The surface of one of the samples was shot through with almost microscopic cracks. The surfaces of all samples were covered in scattered areas with a whitish material. These whitish smears of a powdered substance appeared as a thin layer. The fine, dry powder was adherent but could be displaced easily with the nail. Mr. Sued said the material appeared to be lead at first sight—because of the gray color—but I could see that it could not be lead … the material was light … almost as light as paper.
They were then sent through a battery of tests, where they were found to be composed of 99.99% pure magnesium. The Air Force allegedly received one of the samples, but it was unfortunately accidentally destroyed as it was being prepped for analysis. They requested another sample, but since one of the other pieces had also been destroyed by the testing done on it there was only one fragment left and they were unwilling to part with it, instead locking it away in a safe. In 1967, the A.P.R.O. grudgingly allowed the piece to be taken in for analysis, but this would prove to be inconclusive and produce conflicting results, with one lab saying that the magnesium was not as pure as originally claimed and “not as pure as magnesium specimens readily available in the 1950s,” whereas another stated that the piece was produced through a “process that was unknown when the fragments were recovered.” Ultimately the sample was just too small to really tell much, and it created more questions than answers, leaving it as an anomalous mystery. University of Arizona metallurgical engineer Walter W. Walker would say of the fragment:
All chemical analyses to date have not verified the extraterrestriality of the Ubatuba magnesium.... Considering the poor pedigree of the Ubatuba physical evidence, a hoax cannot be ruled out... [though] nothing unequivocally identifying the material as terrestrial was found either. If one accepts that it is possible that a flying saucer has a soft, weak, technically pure, unalloyed, cast magnesium fuselage, then the metallographic evidence is consistent. The surface scale, the oxide intrusion into the grain boundaries and, particularly, the subscale from internal oxidation all suggest that the magnesium was exposed to the Earth’s atmosphere at elevated temperatures. The white Mg(OH)2 coating is consistent with the burning fragments falling into the ocean.... In summary, after all these years, I consider the Ubatuba magnesium fragment as unusual material of still unknown origin.
Unfortunately, further analysis has done little to shed any mre light on the fragments, and have been unable to conclusively prove whether they were of extraterrestrial origins or proof of aliens, and the Journal of Scientific Exploration would say in an abstract on their paper on the matter:
A sample from the Ubatuba fragment collected in Brazil in 1957 was tested with the intent of examining the isotope ratios of its primary element, magnesium, and the trace elements strontium, barium, copper, and zinc. As background, the history of chemical testing of the Ubatuba fragments during the 1960s-1980s at multiple labs with varying capabilities is reviewed and then the remainder of the paper examines recent tests completed in 2017 and 2018 that for the first time used HR-ICPMS techniques to look at the isotopic ratios of the minor constituents as well as the primary magnesium component of the sample. The magnesium isotope ratios were found to fall within terrestrial limits while the results on the isotope ratios of the trace elements were inconclusive. Recommendations are made for improving the process of examining the trace elements.
We are left to wonder how much veracity the case has, and just what exactly those mysterious fragments were, if anything. What do the results mean? There is no way to really know, because there is nothing left to test that we know of. Who sent the letter and was he for real? Again, a mystery. In the end, with the inconsistency of the test results, the lack of any remaining fragments, and the completely anonymous identity of the writer of the letter there is no way to be sure, making it a case that will no doubt serve to fuel debate and speculation for some time to come. In August of 1964, a Mr. Raimo Blomqvist was at his parents’ summer cottage at Kallavesi Lake, Finland, when he noticed a “strange, colorful light ball” come down from the clouds. As it drew nearer he could see that it was oval in shape, but it was glowing too brightly for him to see any real details to it. The strange anomalous object then hovered over some shallow water nearby and apparently dropped something, which made a sound like “hot metal touching cold water” when it hit the surface. The UFO then rose high into the air and shot off into the clouds. He then went to where the object had dropped and found an odd looking stone 3 or 4 cm in length and with five layers to it. When the strange artifact was analyzed by a lab, it was found to be mostly made of iron, but there were also small amounts of other materials such as copper, zink, magnesium, mangan, zirkonium, vanadium, titanium and crom. They also determined that the stone had been in a temperature of 650-800 degrees Celsius for a long time. Once again, it is unclear what happened to this object. What was this thing?
In January 1969, the American periodical Beyond Magazine published a bizarre article that held an unusual report by a Melvin R. Gray, of Louisville, Kentucky. Gray claimed that he had found a stone with “very suspicious indentations” on his rural property, and that an examination of it had shown that in held within it “what may at one time have been a tiny flying saucer no larger than our present Day washbasins or Dishpans,” as well as three “tiny ape-like creatures” and four humanoid creatures that seemed to be fossilized within it. The writer of the article, Brad Steiger, would say of it:
The fossilized creatures themselves are humanoid in appearance, looking very much like ourselves, and approximately three inches tall. The stone looks rather cindery as if it may have hurtled through a long trail of space, melting as it went and finally splashing into some river or lake before it was entirely consumed, leaving…a fossil-like imprint for a permanent record to tell the world…that we had visitors to our earth…who had met with some terrible calamity.
Executive Director of the Kentucky-based National UFO Research and Investigation Committee, Buffard Ratliff would reach contact Gray and manage to get a look at the fossilized “spaceship” for himself. Upon doing his own analysis he noticed that the two different types of aliens seemed to be in different sections of the tiny spacecraft and that the ape-like ones were “could very well be humanoids in special space suits.” He was convinced that the ship “indicates intelligent construction and Design by intelligent beings.” However, although he deemed the finding to be authentic, he only made plaster, fiberglass, and aluminum castings from the rock and no actual photographs of the object seem to exist. What is going on here and what happened to the fossil? We may never know for sure.
From 1972 we have the case of a Tom McCully, who was at the time camping in the Sierra Mountains near the Stanislaus River, in California. He would claim that he was out fishing at dawn when he had seen a “bright pulsating light” reflecting off the water, which he at first thought might be a forest fire, but then there was a blindingly bright flash of light and the area was pelted with what seemed like hailstones. When the strange phenomenon stopped, he noticed on the ground what looked like a gold nugget about the size of a golf ball. He would keep this discovery to himself for some time, but finally decided to have it analyzed after reading about a reward of $50,000 offered by Dr. A. Allen Hynek for any physical proof of the existence of UFOs. It was taken to a lab for analysis and the results were rather strange, indeed. The Modesto Bee would say of it:
The mystery of Tom McCully’s space nugget has deepened with word that laboratory tests show the nugget, which is non-magnetic and can’t be detected by a metal detector, is 99.4 per cent iron. McCully, who found the nugget four years ago in the high Sierra, said he received word of the lab tests in a telephone call yesterday from Dennis Hauck of the UFO Registry, Munster, Ind. He said Hauck told him the nugget had been tested by scientists with the University of Chicago’s Argonne laboratory and that the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory is the next step in the testing process. NASA also is interested in examining the object, according to McCully.
McCully, operator of a Modesto appliance business, said Hauck’s reaction over the telephone to the Argonne tests was one of amazement. “He told me its silly, it (the nugget) can’t even exist.” McCullv said there is a theory that the nugget seems to have been manufactured but no one appears to know who made it. He said Hauck told him NASA is dealing with stuff so secret the space agency won’t even discuss it. Although he started out with only one chunk, McCuily said the material, while extremely hard, also is brittle and he managed to break it into three nuggets, one of which was sent to the registry. He said the other two pieces are in a safe deposit box. He also said he has been advised by Jauck to safeguard the two nuggets and not to return at this time to the Sierra site where the original nugget was found.
What was this thing and what happened to the pieces of it? It is impossible to know. Also from the 1970s is a case from Suonenjoki, in Central Finland, where on March 16 of that year a Mr. Reijo Kolehmainen made a stunning discovery near his property after witnessing UFO activity for several days, claiming that he had found several spots where the mysterious object had landed and left behind various artifacts. A report in the APRO Bulletin, Vol. 28, No. 5, Nov. 1979, says of what happened:
Three landing trace areas were found around Mr. Reijo Kolehmainen’s home in February, 1979. At 6:50 a.m. on February 2, 1979 a 2.5 meter crater was found in the snow at a distance of 5 meters from the house. The snow had melted all the way to the ground in the center of the crater. Strange red liquid, pieces of metal,and later a metallic cup were found within the crater. The red liquid smelled of vinegar. At 8:00 a.m. the police came. They photographed the area and took some samples.
Late in the evening of February 5, 1979 the Kolehmainen family heard a shooting sound. One constable later revealed he had seen a strange light phenomenon at the same time. On the following morning a bigger crater was found in the snow at a distance of 10 meters from the house. Similar things were again found. Later the police came to have a new look at the area. The police suggested that perhaps somenone had thrown a home-made bomb in the Kolehmainen yard. However, the Kolehmainens stated that nobody has any reason to throw bombs at them. On the morning of February 21, 1979 a third landing trace area was found. This time there were three holes in the yard. Red liquid and pieces of metal were once again found in the landing trace. However, no metallic cup was found this time. There was no snow on the electric wires above the holes, but there was lots of snow on similar wires elsewhere. The Kolehmainens didn’t want any publicity, but the news leaked to the press from acquaintances. About ten articles were published by the press about the events.
The UFO was encountered by several other witnesses in the area over the course of several weeks, but this is the only report that mentions it leaving any sort of physical evidence behind. Very bizarre, indeed. Perhaps one of the more well-known cases of an alleged alien artifact left behind supposedly occurred in 1985, in the area of Grand Junction, Colorado. In the early morning hours Bob White and a friend were driving from Denver to Las Vegas through a desolate moonscape of desert wasteland on the Colorado-Utah border when they saw a strange light in the distance. At first they did not think much of it, but then the light drew closer until it was only around a hundred yards away and blinding in its intensity. An excerpt from an article in the Night Ridder Newspaper says of what happened next:
He got out of the car and stared, dumbfounded. The object was about 100 yards in front of him, he said, “and it was huge … absolutely huge.” In time, he said, the lights bolted toward the sky and connected with a pair of neon, tubular lights — “the mothership,” White guesses now. And just like that, he said, the entire contraption zipped eastward through the Colorado sky and disappeared.” “What I saw,” White said, “was not of this Earth.” As the craft flew away, White said, he noticed an orange light falling to the ground. A locator probe? Something that simply broke off? It was red hot when he reached it, he said, but in time it cooled enough to pick up. White shoved the object into the trunk of the car. The object is about 7-1/2 inches long and shaped like a teardrop. It has a coarse, metallic exterior and weighs less than 2 pounds. It looks a bit like it could be a petrified pine cone and is composed primarily of aluminum.
The strange object was sent in for analysis at both the Nevada-based National Institute for Discovery Science and the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, who found the metal itself to be rather unremarkable in its chemical make-up, although that wasn’t seen as necessarily evidence that White was making it all up. Colm Kelleher, a scientist at the National Institute for Discovery Science, would say of it:
The metallurgical analysis was pretty mundane. We didn’t find any evidence that it was extraterrestrial. Now you can make the argument that we didn’t spend $1 million and look at every conceivable option. We didn’t cover every base.
White disagreed that this was anything other than an astounding discovery and proof of aliens. He persistently tried to get more parties interested in the object, in the meantime spending more than $60,000 traveling to conferences, starting a museum dedicated to the artifact and other UFO exhibits called the Museum of the Unexplained, and having it tested and retested, all while he was ridiculed and laughed at. He has always insisted on the authenticity of his discovery and can’t believe that there has never been more interest in it, and he has said:
This is the most difficult thing I’ve ever done in my life. I’m 73 years old. I don’t have much longer. What I’d like to see before I’m gone is the national media get their heads out of the sand. I’d like to see the national media and everybody else realize that what I have is real. I don’t know what I have to do to prove this is the truth. You can’t make this stuff up.
In the meantime, the object is kept under carefully secured conditions, with motion detectors, closed-circuit TV, and window and door alarms protect it at all times, and the object never spends the night at the same place two nights in a row. Most skeptics say it is just a piece of space debris from a meteor or a satellite, but it has never been conclusively proven to be one thing or another. In the end, that is what we are let with on all of these cases, more questions than answers. Despite these supposed pieces of physical evidence of alien spacecraft, there just doesn't seem to be any way to completely verify any of it, with the samples either disappearing or producing mixed results, at best. What is going on here and why have these strange objects turned up? What does it all mean? We may never know for sure.
This UFO sighting video was filmed in the daytime sky above New York City, filmed from James Braddock park looking toward Hudson River on 2nd November 2022.
Check out the video and let me know in the comments what you think about it!
Latest US intelligence report on UFOs to be made public soon
Latest US intelligence report on UFOs to be made public soon
The declassified version of the latest report on alleged UFOs is expected to be released in the coming days. The report, which used to be referred to as “unidentified aerial phenomena,” was renamed in official government documents.
It’s not surprising that UFO enthusiasts would be disappointed by the lack of evidence indicating that the alleged sightings by the US military are related to alien spacecraft.
According to a report by the New York Times, the most recent incidents that caught the attention of the US authorities were mainly due to foreign surveillance. These include the flights of drones and weather balloons. However, other alleged aerial phenomena, such as those identified as UAPs, are still classified as unexplained.
Sue Gough, a Defense Department spokesperson, said in a statement that there is no single explanation as to why there have been so many reports of UAPs. The agency is currently gathering data on these sightings and will share the results of its investigation whenever possible.
In addition, she noted that the US government should avoid divulging details about its surveillance activities to other countries. This could expose intelligence-gathering information that could be used against them.
It’s not clear if the new report will provide conclusive evidence regarding the nature of the alleged alien spacecraft.
An official from the ODNI, the agency that handles UAP assessments, would not provide additional details regarding the report’s contents.
The division of the intelligence office that handles UAP assessments is partnered with a newly established Pentagon agency known as the AARO. This is a cryptically named division that focuses on identifying anomalous objects.
In June 2021, the first UAP report was presented to Congress, which identified 144 incidents involving US military aviators. Most of these were reported to have involved multiple instruments.
One of the reported incidents was attributed to a large balloon. However, the study also noted that the other incidents were beyond the government’s capabilities to explain.
In May of this year, intelligence officials from the Defense Department told Congress that the number of UAPs reported by the department had increased to 400.
At that time, the officials noted that there was no evidence suggesting that the UAPs were alien spacecraft. However, they also said that the investigations were still ongoing.
In addition, the Pentagon released videos showing the various types of objects that were spotted by Navy pilots. Some of these included objects that were described as having unusual features such as their speed and maneuverability.
According to Sue Gough, a Defense Department spokesperson, many of the reported sightings were classified as unidentified due to the lack of data collected by the sensors deployed to investigate them. The agency is currently working to improve the collection of data for future reports.
The release of the next Pentagon report is expected to coincide with the findings of a parallel study that was conducted by NASA. This study, which was also conducted without classified data, analyzed the data collected by commercial and government entities regarding UFO sightings.
Jeremy Corbell on Today Show Australia about UFO sightings report to be provided to US congress (aired on November 2, 2022)
SpaceX Falcon Heavy launches classified Space Force satellites, nails landings
A SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket launched the USSF-44 mission for the US Space Force on Nov. 1, 2022. The rocket lifted off from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
Several minutes after launch, the side boosters touched down safely back at SpaceX's landing zones at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. The core booster was not recovered to maximize fuel availability.
Credit: SpaceX
Nikola Tesla's TERRIFYING Invention Has Just Been Revealed In Old Documents
Nowadays, renowned as the ‘father of physics,’ Nikola Tesla was an unsung hero for most of history. Tesla was a visionary, a genius, and a selfless inventor who was primarily focused on harnessing electricity in a way that could power the entire world and serve humankind for eternity. He pioneered alternating current, which revolutionized the field of electricity and became the basis of the modern electric industry.
Many groundbreaking inventions are attributed to none other than the brilliant Nikola Tesla. Throughout his career, he created pumps, turbines, speed indicators, and whatnot. Even during his declining years, he carried on his scientific research and continued his art of innovating. Unfortunately, many of his projects stalled or remained unfinished due to a lack of consistent financial support, propaganda from rivals, prejudice, and some ill-fated life events. In today’s video, we’ll discuss some of Nikola Tesla’s lost inventions and papers that were never released until now.
15 Leaked NASA Documents That Prove Aliens Exist!
Aliens are creatures scientists have been itching to study for decades.
Despite reports about these unique beings, scientists have not been able to decode enough information to confirm if they truly exist. This was what we were led to believe until recent information revealed that NASA has not only encountered these advanced civilizations but are also hiding them from the public. Now, some of the documents used by NASA to hide their undercover activity have finally been leaked and among them are proof that Aliens exist. Join us as we explore 15 leaked NASA documents that prove Aliens exist
Voyager Just Announced a TERRIFYING NEW DISCOVERY After 45 Years!
Today we are going over the Voyager and the TERRIFYING New Data it sent back To Earth!
James Webb Telescope Just Detected a TERRIFYING New Discovery on Neptune:
Scientists Just Discovered 100 Thousand Year Old Alien Technology
We prefer to consider technological innovation as a slow, steady, and somewhat linear process. However, this is not always the case. Archaeological digs across the world have revealed that ancient civilizations occasionally developed technologies that were decades, if not centuries, ahead of their time. It is frequently claimed that these technologies compete with or outperform current science. This, too, is a misinterpretation. Many historical super technologies, from Roman concrete to Damascus steel, were previously forgotten but have since been reconstructed by modern researchers. Any difficulty in duplicating them is usually due to a lack of original instructions rather than an inability to grasp the idea itself. It is also incorrect to believe that ancient civilizations discovered these technologies by chance, or that they were created by eccentric geniuses who were not representative of their time and place. Despite the fact that many inventors were regarded geniuses, they cannot and should not be isolated from their surroundings. Their work is not retrograde, but rather a monument to their civilizations' intelligence and scientific capability.
For decades, the theory that a secret organization controls the world in the shadows has been around. However, it is now that an executive close to the elite who has broken her silence, revealing the truth: they are not from this planet.
One of the longest-running and most popular conspiracy theories of all speaks of a possible organization that pulls the strings of our entire society; this elite would be found within the economy, religion, industries, and entertainment, occupying quite important positions .
Despite the fact that many people discredit it, this theory gains much more strength when a former World Bank executive is the one who decides to break the silence and publicly reveal that not only does this elite exist, but that they do not belong to this world.
Who is Karen Hudes?
Karen Hudes was a fairly senior executive in the Treasury Department of the World Bank until 2007. In her résumé, she holds degrees in Law from Yale University and Economics from the University of Amsterdam .
In addition to his work at the World Bank, he also worked for the Export-Import Bank of the United States, including working in the World Bank’s Legal Department.
Hudes’s career was impeccable and she was held in very high esteem during the 20 years she worked at the World Bank, until she was fired in 2007 as legal counsel . The reason? Denounce the corruption of the elite that is dominating the world and its possible non-human origin.
Hude’s statements
“Non-human creatures with elongated heads and an IQ over 150 control the Vatican and the world bank.”
With these words, Hudes began her public denunciation of what she personally saw when she held the position of legal advisor at the World Bank.
The lawyer and economist declared that extraterrestrial beings have been infiltrated for years in quite important positions of power. He assures that they do not belong to the human race and they are addressed as « Homo-Capensis ».
These beings have coexisted with humanity for many years, prior to the ice age.
In an interview with the news portal Next News Network , Hudes stated that, despite the fact that in the past he did not believe in any of that, he began to investigate to realize that there was historical evidence of creatures like the ones that would live today, with strangers. elongated skulls or as can be seen in Egyptian hieroglyphs.
worldwide controversy
Despite the fact that Hudes’ words have aroused great interest worldwide, to the point that television networks have wanted to interview her, she is not the first to denounce this.
The former Minister of Defense of Canada, Paul Hellyer , gave some statements in 2014 in which he assured that there are extraterrestrial beings working directly with the United States government.
We could be in control of a fairly important core of world institutions, including financial, corporate and religious to get dominance on the planet.
According to the theory, the goal of dominating these institutions is the enslavement of humanity through debt. They want to enslave all governments and politicians to give up huge financial contributions to use for their political campaigns.
Because this elite also manages the entertainment and media industry, the truth is that it is extremely difficult to find out about this.
It is obvious that our most important institutions work based on the interests of those who manage them. Hudes’ statements are just one more grain in that great hourglass that will announce the time for society to wake up.
NASA as a whole entity has never claimed anything about UFO existence but also never denied it. However, there are a number of space agency employees including astronauts who testified seeing unimaginable things that humans are incapable to perform with today’s technology. When astronauts speak about their encounters with UFOs, they risk everything by coming forward, and as skilled observers and expert pilots, they are not easily deceived or impressed.
According to NASA, a newly created 16-member team would focus its investigation completely on declassified sightings and other data received from civilian government and commercial sectors. Astrophysicist Adam Frank says this study might not prove that aliens exist but it would bring remarkable progress being made in the scientific search for life on distant planets. Despite this, let us look into the testimonies of these brave astronauts who risked everything to bring their thoughts on the existence of UFOs and aliens.
1. James McDivitt
James A. McDivitt, a former commander of the Gemini IV and Apollo 9 missions, passed away in Tucson, Arizona, at the age of 93, on October 13, 2022. McDivitt was chosen for NASA’s second class of astronauts in September 1962.
In June 1965, he took his first flight into space as the leader of the Gemini IV mission. He was joined by fellow Air Force pilot Ed White for the program’s most daring trip to date. As part of Gemini IV, White became the first American to perform extravehicular activity (EVA), also known as a spacewalk. In addition to the spacewalk, there were claims of something possibly extraterrestrial sighted outside the ship.
Colonel James A. McDivitt witnessed three UFOs during his Gemini 4 flight in June 1965, which NASA attempted to downplay. He saw an unidentified flying object while flying above Hawaii on the second day of the operation. It “looked like a beer can or a soda can, with something like a pencil on it,” he said. This may remind some of the Navy’s Tic-Tac UFO. Unfortunately, he did not have the opportunity to focus or change the exposure of the photographs.
McDivitt ruled out the likelihood that the object was the second stage of the Titan rocket that launched the Gemini 4. One of the most commonplace theories he could think of was that it was a man-made satellite. The famed Air Force Condon Committee’s UFO research experts considered this factor. However, they were unable to pinpoint any satellite as the source of the problem.
Here are two different, brief interviews, courtesy of Eyes on Cinema, in which McDivitt closes his conversation by stating that he believes extraterrestrials exist and that we are not alone.
“It was during the flight of Gemini 4 Mario in June of 1965. It was a white object… had a long white tube sticking out of it. I tried to take some pictures but because of the way the camera was set and the way the light was shining on the windshield we never really got anything back except a couple beautiful sunspots on the window.”
“Do you still believe that it was a UFO that you saw in that flight in orbit?” television news reporter Mario Machado asked. McDivitt explained: “Well, it was a UFO… whether or not it was a flight from another planet I don’t really know.”
“General, are you saying you believe that life exists elsewhere in the universe?” McDivitt replied: “I really do. I think it would be very naive and really super egotistical on our part to believe that we’re the only form of life in this vast Universe in which we live.”
Space pioneer Leroy Gordon Cooper, who died in 2004, believed in the existence of aliens who had been traveling from other habitable places to Earth. Cooper was one of the seven astronauts of Project Mercury, the first human space program to get a man on the Moon before the Soviet Union. He traveled to space as part of the manned mission Mercury-Atlas 9, which took place in 1963. Then, in 1965, he set a new space endurance record by traveling 3.3 million miles aboard Gemini 5 to prove that astronauts could survive in space on a journey to Moon and back to Earth. (Click here to read the full story)
Cooper said in an interview that he saw a UFO for the first time in his life in the early 1950s, when he was posted at Landstuhl Air Base, West Germany. He said that during that time, Russian MiG-15s often flew over to his base. So, once he was flying at 15,000 meters and saw strange vehicles that flew in formation much higher and faster than their aircraft. He claimed that they were disc-shaped with metallic casing.
“They were flying quite high how high we couldn’t tell because we couldn’t get anywhere near their altitude but they were either very large craft way up or smaller crafts still well above what we can get.”
In 1957, when Cooper served as a test pilot at Edwards Air Force Base in California, he saw a flying saucer with a diameter of about 10 meters that hovered nearby and landed on the dried lake. He said: “I had a camera crew filming the installation when they spotted a saucer. They filmed it as it flew overhead, then hovered, extended three legs as landing gear, and slowly came down to land on a dry lake bed.”
“And they picked up their cameras and started over toward it filming as they went. And when they got in fairly close, it lifted up, put the gear back in the wheel, tipped up and took off at a great rate of speed. and so they came into my office and told me what happened,” Cooper claimed.
After that, Cooper sent the recordings to Washington and filed a report of the UFO encounter. “After a while, a high-ranking officer said when the film was developed I was to put it in a pouch and send it to Washington and I don’t know whether anyone’s ever seen it since. He did not say anything about me not looking at the film. That’s what I did when it came back from the lab and it was all there just like the camera crew reported.” The saucer was similar to the one he encountered in 1951.
3. Astronaut Edgar Mitchell
The legendary incident that happened in 1947 was indeed real, according to moon-walking astronaut Edgar Mitchell. He claimed in his interviews that he had informants that had told him about the inside story of Roswell, but he never disclosed their names.
“Make no mistake, Roswell happened. I’ve seen secret files which show the government knew about it — but decided not to tell the public,” claimed Edgar Mitchell, Ph.D., Apollo 14 Astronaut.
In February 1971, after the successful completion of the mission, the Apollo 14 crew returned to Earth. Alan Shepard and Edgar Mitchell became the fifth and sixth astronauts to walk on the moon’s surface. While Shepard chose to live in the glory, Mitchell became the main troublemaker for many years. (Click here to read the full story)
He publicly accepted the existence of aliens after being on the Moon and stuck to it until his death. He accused the US government of hiding the truth about contact with aliens. Immediately after his return, Mitchell left NASA and immersed himself in studying UFOs, ancient history, and human consciousness.
According to Mitchell, he once had a confidential conversation with a Navy admiral, who secretly told him that in fact, aliens had established contact with the government back in the early 1940s. They were interested in earthly weapons, primarily the atomic bomb. At the very beginning of the Cold War between the USSR and the USA, aliens often came to Earth because they feared nuclear war and tried to influence the world elites in some way.
In another interview, Mitchell claimed that his words were distorted by journalists. The admiral did tell him that the government had been aware of the existence of extraterrestrial intelligence since the early 1940s and was covering up authenticated UFO sightings. However, he never spoke of any interference in political affairs. He did not give the names of his high-ranking informant from the Navy, so as not to substitute him.
Michell, who claims he briefed the highest members of the Pentagon, says the reality that there was an advanced civilization that could penetrate our air defenses at will and that we could not stop them in any way, shape, or form, immediately doomed the Roswell incident to become one of the greatest coverups in history — even TODAY!
Hubble glimpses a mesmerizing nebula in Orion with a very distinctive feature.
This peculiar portrait from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope showcases NGC 1999, a reflection nebula in the constellation Orion. It appears as a light blue cloud in space with a keyhole-shaped 'hole' in the center.
(Image credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, ESO, K. Noll)
It's not everyday that you can peek through a keyhole in the cosmos, but Hubble did just that — and it didn't even realize it.
A new photo of the reflection nebula NGC 1999 taken by the Hubble Space Telescope and released by NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) on Oct. 24 shows a "peculiar portrait" of the swirling cloud of gas and dust. The nebula is a relic of a star's formation, V380 Orion, which can be seen in the center of the image, according to an ESA statement(opens in new tab) that accompanied the image.
The most distinctive feature of the photo, however, is the dark void in the heart of the nebula shaped like a keyhole.
When the nebula was first imaged by Hubble in 1999, it was believed that the dark central region was something known as a "Bok globule." These globules are cold clouds of gas, dust, and other molecules that are so dense that they block any light from passing through. It was only after subsequent observations of the nebula that astronomers learned that the dark region was actually empty space. At the moment, the origin of this keyhole feature isn't known.
The nebula is illuminated from the inside by the newborn star V380 Orion, and the nebula itself is actually the leftover material from the star's formation. The star is white in color owing to the intense heat of its surface — roughly 18,000 degrees Fahrenheit (10,000 degrees Celsius), or twice the temperature of the sun — and it is estimated at 3.5 stellar masses.
The nebula is close to the Orion Nebula, located about 1,500 light-years away, in an active star-forming region of the Milky Way. It is also famous for its proximity to the first Herbig-Haro object ever discovered, which is just outside of the image frame, according to the space agencies. (Herbig-Haro objects are relatively short-lived jets of ionized gas shot out from very young stars.)
This peculiar portrait from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope showcases NGC 1999, a reflection nebula in the constellation Orion. (Image credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, ESO, K. Noll)
The new image was created using archival data from Hubble's Wide Field Planetary Camera 2, which uses a mix of ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared sensors to create the image of the nebula we see. The infrared sensor is arguably the most important when looking at nebulae, since Hubble's other sensors cannot see past the clouds of dust to the stars within or behind the nebula.
This ability for infrared light to pass through clouds of gas and dust is what makes the James Webb Space Telescope such an important instrument, since it's infrared camera is much more sensitive than Hubble's, and has already revealed dazzling images of famous nebulae like the Pillars of Creation in the Eagle Nebula.
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Stunned archaeologists: “Tombs of giants found in Crimea”
Stunned archaeologists: “Tombs of giants found in Crimea”
During archaeological excavations in Crimea , experts discovered a necropolis of the Byzantine Empire where the tomb of a giant was .
While the reconstruction work on the Mithridates Staircase in Kerch continues, archaeological excavation work has also started in the area.
This revealed up to 100 square meters of a necropolis, which had burials of people who once visited the temple of Juan Bautista .
To date there are 27 uncovered burials , some of children and twin burials. In addition to other elements, such as bronze pendants or bracelets.
They even managed to find felt clothing in one of the burials . This was very helpful as it allowed them to date the find .
Tomb of a giant in the necropolis
The find itself was not common and it became much more strange when they found a funerary box that exceeded 2.30 meters in length . When they uncovered it, they found what appeared to be the skeleton of a giant.
If the standard physique of the inhabitants of the area in the past is taken into account, finding a skeleton of a man that exceeded two meters in height is something that does not agree with the data.
The average height of the population of the date was 1.60 meters high , so there is no way to explain how the remains of this giant were buried in the area.
The remains were examined by the team’s anthropologist, who hopes to give an estimate of the age of the person buried there.
complicated excavation
The excavation work has been slow due to the complicated terrain, which is mixed . In ancient times, garbage was simply thrown on the ground.
Then, in the Middle Ages , the necropolis was created on top of all the ancient remains. For this reason it has become difficult for archaeologists to give an exact interpretation of the origin of everything found.
At the moment, the experts are in negotiations with the diocese of Kerch-Feodosia to be able to extract the remains found and examine them better.
Experts continue to investigate the origin of the mysterious skeleton and the reason for its abnormal size. In addition to finding an explanation for its origins.
The idea that extraterrestrials could be interdimensional beings is advanced by many UFO researchers. This hypothesis seems to take a serious turn after the Skinwalker Ranch incidents, as well as astronomer and UFO researcher Jacques Vallée’s suggestion that aliens are real but exist in another dimension that coexists with ours.
The extraterrestrial hypothesis has remained the primary explanation for UFOs by many experts. However, there are many ufologists that have abandoned it in favor of the interdimensional hypothesis. Paranormal researcher Brad Steiger wrote: “We are dealing with a multidimensional paraphysical phenomenon that is largely indigenous to planet Earth.”
The interdimensional hypothesis is viewed as an alternative to the popular extraterrestrial hypothesis, which is advanced by such experts as Meade Layne, John Keel, J. Allen Hynek, and Jacques Vallée. According to it, UFOs are a modern manifestation of a phenomenon that has occurred throughout recorded human history, which in prior ages were ascribed to mythological or supernatural creatures.
Dr. Jacques Vallée with Dr. Allen. J Hynek during the Projecct Blue Book
Jacques Vallée states that UFOs and related events of a paranormal nature involve visitations from other “realities” or “dimensions.” The idea proposes that these alternate realities exist separately yet parallel to our own. In 1975’s The Edge of Reality, Vallée and Hynek considered the possibility of what they call “interlocking universes.”
According to Hynek, “There could be other universe with different quantum rules or vibration rates if you want. Our own space-time continuum could be a cross-section through a universe with many more dimensions… Think what a hard time you would have convincing an aborigine that right now, through this room, TV pictures are passing! Yet they’re here. You have to have a transducer to see them – namely a TV set. Well, in the same sense there may be interlocking universes right here! We have this idea of space, we always think of another universe being someplace else. It may not. Maybe it’s right here.”
In his 1969 book “Passport to Magonia: On UFOS, Folkore and Parallel Worlds,” Vallée argues for a “parallel universe co-existing with our own.” The idea was reiterated in Vallée’s subsequent writings. He summarized his objection in his 1990 paper “Five Arguments Against the Extraterrestrial Origin of Unidentified Flying Objects”:
1. Unexplained close encounters are far more numerous than required for any physical survey of the earth; 2. The humanoid body structure of the alleged “aliens” is not likely to have originated on another planet and is not biologically adapted to space travel; 3. The reported behavior in thousands of abduction reports contradicts the hypothesis of genetic or scientific experimentation on humans by an advanced race; 4. The extension of the phenomenon throughout recorded human history demonstrates that UFOs are not a contemporary phenomenon; 5. The apparent ability of UFOs to manipulate space and time suggests radically different and richer alternatives.
A study published in ResearchGate proposes that there must be an interdimensional membrane that protects one dimension from the other, and the interdimensional tunnels that exist in between (connecting) those dimensions must have an unstable entrance, wandering unpredictably from one hyper-surface to another. There, if anyone gets caught in any of those tunnels’ entrance, devoid of any singularities and horizons, then they ought to travel to the other dimensions that will always be >4 as permitted by the laws of physics standing on the 4D universe.
American journalist John Keel (1930-2009) was a believer in extraterrestrials and speculated that the stories from folklore and religious texts were proof that humanity had indeed made contact with another form of intelligent life, but that they were not from outer space. Instead, they were beings from other dimensions: ultraterrestrials. Keel theorized that those beings could shapeshift to look like anything, and attributed them to stories of demons, monsters, angels, ogres and changelings. He thought those ultraterrestrials likely had a sense of right and wrong, and that they were capable of manipulating the mankind.
One of the benefits of the Interdimensional Hypothesis according toHilary Evans(1929-2011), a British pictorial archivist, author, and researcher into UFOs and other paranormal phenomena, is that it can explain the apparent ability of UFOs to appear and disappear not only from sight but from radar; as the interdimensional UFO’s can enter and leave our dimension at will, meaning they have the ability to materialize and dematerialize.
On the other hand, Evans argues that if the other dimension is slightly more advanced than ours, or is perhaps our own future, this would explain the tendency of UFOs to represent technologies close to the future.
One of the most fascinating documents about aliens as interdimensional beings was found in the FBI archives. Memorandum 6751(dated July 8, 1947) is most important to the UFOlogy, according to former FBI Special Agent John DeSouza. According to the report, among other species, we are visited by creatures not only from other planets but from other dimensions as well. In particular, they are from the etheric plane coexisting with our physical Universe, materialized entities that appeared as translucent giants.
Memo 6751: Credit FBI Vault
Memo 6751 remained classified for 63 years until Executive Order 13526, which allowed for its declassification and release. The memo may not be a “smoking gun,” but it is significant that it remained untouched from the disinformation campaigns of the Project Grudge, Blue Book.
Could the phenomena at the Utah ranch, a.k.a. Skinwalker Ranch have been the result of interdimensional beings or time travelers accessing our space-time continuum, or physical beings jumping across vast interstellar distances via wormholes or stargates?
Dr. Travis Taylor joined businessman Brandon Fugals’s team at Fugals’s infamous Skinwalker ranch three years ago and firmly believed he would be able to resolve the ranch’s assorted mysteries in short order. But the longer he stayed, the stranger things became.
In his recent interview with investigative journalist George Knapp, he said: “You know, I had never seen a UFO until I got out there. Now, I have seen more UFOs now than you can count.”
In the surprisingly candid and wide-ranging interview, Dr. Taylor shared his opinion about the role of science in the pursuit of the unknown, his personal experience with strange phenomena on Skinwalker Ranch, the physical effects of close encounter cases, and the mysterious “hitchhiker effect” that multiple UFO/paranormal eyewitnesses had reported.
In his opinion, this unexplained phenomenon can be different for people in regards to their brain activity. Hypothetically speaking, he said that the phenomenon can be connected to different planes in the universe. He added that he could go along with the idea of a portal but was not sure. He believes it is bizarre but there is some truth to it.
“Hier gaan we weer”: opnieuw gaat puinstuk van Chinese raket op de aarde neerstorten en niemand die weet waar
“Hier gaan we weer”, zuchten experts. Opnieuw zal ruimtepuin afkomstig van een Chinese raket ergens neerstorten op aarde. Kenners schatten dat de kern van de bewuste draagraket dit weekend zal terugkeren in onze atmosfeer. Maar niemand weet waar brokstukken juist zullen neerkomen. Slechts twee dingen zijn wel zeker. Eén als een gebouw van 10 verdiepingen is op dit eigenste, een raketkern van 21 ton zwaar en zo groot moment ongecontroleerd aan het vallen. En twee, waarschijnlijk zal niet alles van het ruimteschroot kunnen opbranden in de atmosfeer. Twee jaar geleden kwam er puin van een Chinese raket neer in bewoond gebied, in Ivoorkust. Daarbij raakten verschillende huizen beschadigd.
China lanceerde maandag op Halloween het derde en laatste onderdeel van zijn eigen ruimtestation ‘Tiangong’, of ‘Hemels Paleis’. De module ‘Mengtian’ (‘Dromen van de hemel’) werd gelanceerd bovenop een krachtige Lange Mars 5B-raket en koppelde zowat 13 uur later aan de andere twee delen.
Een nieuwe Chinese lancering, dat betekent ook een nieuwe, ongecontroleerde terugkeer van een raketkern. Want net als bij vorige lanceringen met de Lange Mars 5B-raket - een van de krachtigste draagraketten ter wereld - valt de kern van de grote Chinese raket nu wild en tuimelend weer naar de aarde.
Het ontwerp van de ‘Lange Mars 5B’-raket laat na lancering simpelweg niet meer toe om het tuig te sturen om op een bepaald punt neer te storten. De meeste andere ruimteraketten maken veel minder snelheid en keren terug op de aarde op een vooraf vastgestelde locatie. Zo is deze raket niet gebouwd. De kolos - ook wel ‘Pang-Wu’ of ‘Dikke Vijf’genoemd - valt na gebruik ook niet in kleinere delen uit elkaar, wat de internationale norm is. Grote raketten zoals de Lange Mars-5B kunnen niet volledig vernietigd worden, waardoor er brokstukken neerkomen op aarde.
“Het ontwerp van de raket is gebrekkig vergeleken met de huidige norm van andere landen”, legde astrofysicus Jonathan McDowell van het Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics uit in mei vorig jaar. China had iets daarvoor het startschot gegeven voor de bouw van het eigen ruimtestation met de lancering van de allereerste module. Ook toen buitelde er daarna dus een raketdeel van zo’n 21 ton weer richting aarde.
Na veel speculaties over waar en wanneer de boel zou neerkomen en veel kritiek op de Chinese manier van werken, belandde het ruimteschroot dagen later weer in de atmosfeer boven de Indische Oceaan, in de buurt van de Malediven. Volgens Peking was “het grootste deel” opgebrand. Het is niet duidelijk hoeveel brokstukken er wel door de mazen van het net zijn geglipt en hoe groot ze waren bij de uiteindelijke plons in het water.
“Het lijkt erop dat China gegokt en gewonnen heeft”, reageerde McDowell achteraf op Twitter. “Maar dat maakt de gang van zaken er niet minder roekeloos op.”
In juli van dit jaar was het dan nog eens tijd voor een nagelbijtend spelletje return to sender.
Het puin van die Chinese Lange Mars-raket viel uiteindelijk opnieuw uit elkaar ergens boven de Indische Oceaan, meldde het Amerikaanse leger - zonder te specificeren of ergens schade was veroorzaakt. Volgens ruimtenieuwswebsite ‘Space.com’ overleefde zo’n 5 tot 9 ton de val door de atmosfeer. Er zijn ook brokstukken op land terechtgekomen. In Indonesië en in Maleisië werden wat later op de grond onderdelen teruggevonden.
NASA-topman Bill Nelson tweette destijds geïrriteerd dat “alle landen die ruimteactiviteiten uitvoeren zich zouden moeten houden aan de afgesproken praktijken”. Het neerstorten van een raket van die grootte “brengt grote risico’s met zich mee voor menselijke en materiële verliezen”, laakte hij. Hij beklemtoonde ook dat China in communicatie moet staan met de rest van de wereld over rakettrajecten.
Meerdere ruimtedeskundigen noemden het handelen van China “onverantwoord”. Het land zelf wuift de kritiek weg door te beklemtonen dat de risico’s “extreem laag” zijn. Bezorgdheden worden afgedaan als “een westerse hype”.
We hebben toen veel geluk gehad dat niemand gewond is geraakt.
Astrofysicus Jonathan McDowell
Huizen beschadigd in Ivoorkust
Ook al is de kans op schade of erger, slachtoffers, inderdaad heel klein - het kan wel degelijk misgaan. Na de eerste vlucht van het nieuwe rakettype in mei 2020 is al eens puin neergekomen in bewoond gebied, in Ivoorkust. Daarbij raakten verschillende huizen beschadigd.
“Het kan potentieel ook niet goed gaan”, bevestigde astrofysicus Jonathan McDowell vorig jaar aan de Britse krant ‘The Guardian’. “De lancering van de Lange Mars 5B-raket eindigde in 2020 in grote, lange metalen staven vliegend door de lucht en beschadigde gebouwen in Ivoorkust. Het meeste van het puin brandde toen op, maar toch waren er enorme stukken metaal die de grond raakten. We hebben toen veel geluk gehad dat niemand gewond is geraakt.”
Risico
“Hier gaan we weer”, klonk het gisteren bij Ted Muelhaupt van het Amerikaanse instituut The Aerospace Corporation. Tijdens een briefing van experts wees hij erop dat “niemand zijn leven moet aanpassen” in het licht van de neerstortende Chinese brokstukken. “Je hebt veel grotere kansen om vanavond de loterij te winnen dan dat je door dit object zal geraakt worden. Het risico voor één individu is 6 op 10 biljoen.”
De experten toonden zich evenwel geïrriteerd dat het raketpuin wel degelijk ook in bewoond gebied kán vallen. Volgens ‘Space.com’ voorspellen wetenschappers dat 20 tot 40 procent van de raketkern in de atmosfeer zal overleven en dus het aardoppervlak zal raken. Welk oppervlak valt af te wachten. Vermoedelijk en hopelijk in water. Onder meer The Aerospace Corporation volgt de terugkeer van de raketkern op de voet.
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The Moon had Volcanoes More Recently Than Previously Believed
The Moon had Volcanoes More Recently Than Previously Believed
Fifty years ago, NASA and the Soviet space program conducted the first sample-return missions from the Moon. This included lunar rocks brought back to Earth by theApollo astronauts and those obtained by robotic missions that were part of the Soviet Luna Program. The analysis of these rocks revealed a great deal about the Moon’s composition, formation, and geological history. In particular, scientists concluded that the rocks were formed from volcanic eruptions more than three billion years ago.
In recent years, there has been a resurgence in lunar exploration as NASA and other space agencies have sent robotic missions to the Moon (in preparation for crewed missions). For instance, China has sent multiple orbiters, landers, and rovers to the Moon as part of the Chang’e program, including sample-return missions. A new study led by planetary scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) analyzed samples obtained by the Chang’e-5 rover dated to two billion years ago. Their research could provide valuable insight into how young volcanism shaped the lunar surface.
The research was conducted by a team from the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IGGCAS), led by Dr. Su Bin, Dr. Yuan Jiangyan, and Dr. Chen Yi – members of the IGGCAS Laboratory of LIthospheric Evolution and Earth and Planetary Physics. They were joined by researchers from the Lunar and Planetary Science Institute (LPSI) at Nanjing University and the CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology. A paper that describes their findings appeared in the journal Science Advances on October 21st.
Dr. Yuan Jiangyan analyzes Chang’e-5 lunar samples with a scanning electron microscope at IGGCAS. Credit: Su Bin
Based on samples returned from the Apollo and Lunamissions, scientists theorized that the Moon has been geologically dead for the past three billion years. However, the new samples of lunar rock obtained by the Chang’e-5 mission (and returned to Earth in 2021) were only 2 billion years old, indicating that volcanic activity occurred at least a billion years longer than previously expected. As a small rocky body, the heat that fueled volcanism on the Moon should have been lost long before these eruptions occurred.
Previously, scientists speculated that late-stage volcanism might have been driven by elevated water content or the decay of radioactive elements in the lunar mantle. However, the many analyses performed on the samples obtained by the Chang’e-5 rover have ruled out this consensus. Based on their analysis, the CAS researchers found that minerals with low-melting points in the mantle could have allowed for compression, leading to young volcanism. Prof. Chen explained in a recent CAS statement:
“Recent melting of the lunar mantle can be achieved by either raising the temperature or lowering the melting point,” he said. “To better understand this problem, we should estimate the temperature and pressure in which the young volcanism was created.”
For their analysis, the CAS team conducted a series of fractional crystallization and lunar mantle melting simulations that compared 27 basalt clasts obtained by the Chang’e-5 mission to those returned by the Apollo missions. They found that the young magma samples had higher calcium oxide and titanium oxide concentrations than older Apollo magma samples. The presence of these minerals, which are more easily melted than earlier mineral cumulates in the lunar mantle, means that volcanism would have been gravitationally-driven and caused material in the mantle to overturn.
An artist’s concept shows the Chang’e-5 lander and ascent vehicle on the Moon. Credit: CNSA/CLEP via NASA
Their analysis revealed that the mantle’s compression could have occurred at similar depths but under cooler temperatures that would have still produced volcanoes. This research is not dissimilar to what planetary scientists have learned about Mars in recent years. Billions of years ago, the Red Planet had thousands of eruptions on its surface, some of which resulted in the largest volcanoes in the Solar System (like Olympus Mons). Scientists suspected that Mars became geologically dead as its interior cooled. But recent findings indicate that it may still experience limited volcanic activity.
This study presents the first viable explanation for young volcanism on the Moon that is compatible with the samples returned by the Chang’e-5 rover. This study could inform future planetary studies of the Moon’s thermal and geological evolution. As Dr. Su indicated:
“This is a fascinating result, indicating a significant contribution of late-stage lunar magma ocean cumulates to the Chang’e-5 volcanic formation. We discovered that the Chang’e-5 magma was produced at similar depths but 80 degrees Celsius cooler than older Apollo magmas. That means the lunar mantle experienced a sustained, slow cooling of 80 degrees Celsius from some 3 billion years to 2 billion years ago.”
Scientists Piece Together the Shoreline of an Ancient Ocean on Mars
Scientists Piece Together the Shoreline of an Ancient Ocean on Mars
Scientists have long suspected that Mars was once warm and wet in its ancient past. The Mars Ocean Hypothesissays that the planet was home to a large ocean around 4 billion years ago. The ocean filled the Vastitas Borealis basin in the planet’s northern hemisphere. The basin is 4–5 km (2.5–3 miles) below Mars’ mean elevation.
A new topographic map of Mars reinforces the hypothesis and adds more detail.
The map is focused on a region of Mars informally named Aeolis Dorsa. Aeolis Dorsa is a trough-like region in Mars’ northern hemisphere that’s about 500 km wide and 900 km long (300 miles wide and 560 miles long.) To the east and west of the region are plains 2 km (1.25 miles) high, named Zephyria Planum and Aeolis Planum. To the south are steep slopes that rise up to the southern hemisphere. The region is about 750 km east of Gale Crater, where MSL Curiosity is exploring.
This figure from the study is a Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter-derived topographic map showing Aeolis Dorsa between Aeolis Planum and Zephyria Planum. These features are located along the boundary between the high southern and low northern hemispheres. Aeolis Serpens is Mars’ longest ancient riverbed and is mapped as a black line extending 900 km through Aeolis Dorsa. MSL Curiosity is at work in the Gale crater (unlabelled) about 750 km to the west. Image Credit: NASA/Benjamin Cardenas/Penn State.
According to the authors, the Aeolis Dorsa region is the shoreline of an ancient ocean. The region contains more than 6,500 km (4,000 miles) of fluvial ridges and is Mars’ most dense region of fluvial ridges. Fluvial ridges are elongated troughs carved by flowing water and are likely eroded river deltas or submarine-channel belts. The researchers used orbiter images of the region taken from different angles to reconstruct the topography. The topography revealed the presence of a 3.5 billion-year-old shoreline. There are sedimentary deposits over 900 meters (2950 feet) deep in the region that have since been eroded to different degrees.
The topographic map helped the researchers show definitive evidence of a roughly 3.5-billion-year-old shoreline with substantial sedimentary accumulation, at least 900 meters thick, that covered hundreds of thousands of square kilometres. Credit: Benjamin Cardenas / Penn State. Creative Commons
As part of their study, the authors organized Aeolis Dorsa’s 6,500 km (4,000 miles) of fluvial ridges into 20 systems. As eroded remnants of river deltas or submarine-channel belts, they define the edges of the margin of the ancient ocean.
This figure from the study shows how the authors grouped Aeolis Dorsa’s fluvial ridges into 20 networks. The networks are numbered in order of increasing median elevation of ridge tops, with 19 being the highest. “AS” marks the feature named Aeolis Serpens. Image Credit: Benjamin Cardenas / Penn State.
Aeolis Dorsa is a sedimentary basin, and scientists know from studying Earth how much geological information these basins hold. The basins contain a record of sediment deposits over geological time scales, which scientists refer to as ‘stratigraphic succession.’ On Earth, sedimentary basins also hold a lot of resources. Earth’s coal, natural gas, and petroleum are found in these basins.
Mars won’t have these resources, but the basins contain stratigraphic records of geological periods.
“The rocks in Aeolis Dorsa capture some fascinating information about what the ocean was like,” said lead author Cardenas in a press release. “It was dynamic. The sea level rose significantly. Rocks were being deposited along its basins at a fast rate. There was a lot of change happening here.”
Stratigraphy played a vital role in this research. Stratigraphy is the geological study of layers of rock. It’s been around since 1669 when Catholic Priest Nicholas Steno established its theoretical groundwork. It’s a critical component of understanding Earth’s history; scientists use it to track changes in waterways over long periods. Stratigraphic records contain the record of Earth’s changing climate and evolving life over time.
It only makes sense to look for sedimentary basins on Mars for clues on that planet’s history. Water is critical in our quest to understand Mars and its ancient habitability. And stratigraphy is how researchers can understand how all that sediment built up over time as changing water levels caused the shoreline to advance and retreat.
“By grouping landforms based on stratigraphic position and paleoflow directions, we reconstructed the paleogeography at Aeolis Dorsa over 5 timesteps; all cases differ from the modern topography,” the authors explain in their paper. “We tracked the initial regression and later transgression of a shoreline during at least 900 m of sea-level rise, a scale consistent with a northern ocean on a warm and wet early Mars.”
In a way, there’s not much surprising or exotic about these findings. When water moves around on a planet’s surface, this is the evidence it leaves behind. But this is Mars, and even a couple of decades ago, the Mars Ocean Hypothesis had a controversial side to it. There were naysayers when the Viking orbiters captured images of what looked like shorelines on Mars.
Viking found shorelines thousands of kilometres long, but orbital data from the Mars Global Surveyor found they rose and fell several kilometres in altitude. There’s nothing like that on Earth, and skeptics pointed that out. Then a paper from 2007 showed that Mars’ spin axis shifted by almost 3,000 km in the past 2 or 3 billion years. That could’ve accounted for the enormous changes in shoreline elevations on Mars.
This is where stratigraphy comes in. The stratigraphy in Aeolis Dorsa is very similar to Earth’s; it just wasn’t apparent decades ago.
“The stratigraphy that we’re interpreting here is quite similar to stratigraphy on Earth,” Cardenas said. “Yes, it sounds like a big claim to say we’ve discovered records of large waterways on Mars, but in reality, this is relatively mundane stratigraphy. It’s textbook geology once you recognize it for what it is. The interesting part, of course, is it’s on Mars.”
Cells are the building blocks of living things, and they need liquid. Water provides pressure inside cells, which keeps everything inside the cell in the right shape. Without the proper form, the parts of the cell can’t function properly, and there’s no rigidity inside a cell. Without water, it’s all over. In fact, cells are about 70% water by mass.
So the search for ancient life on Mars is intertwined with the search for ancient water. Since scientists think that shorelines on Earth were likely where life started, it makes sense to find shorelines on Mars as part of our search for ancient habitability. That’s why NASA’s Perseverance rover is exploring the sedimentary delta in Jezero Crater, and MSL Curiosity is exploring Gale Crater.
Left: Sedimentary rock in Gale Crater as imaged by MSL Curiosity in 2015. Right: Sedimentary rock in Jezero Crater as imaged by the Perseverance Rover in July 2022. Image Credit: NASA
“A major goal for the Mars Curiosity rover missions is to look for signs of life,” Cardenas said. “It’s always been looking for water, for traces of habitable life. This is the biggest one yet. It’s a giant body of water, fed by sediments coming from the highlands, presumably carrying nutrients. If there were tides on ancient Mars, they would have been here, gently bringing in and out water. This is exactly the type of place where ancient Martian life could have evolved.”
You Can Help Measure Light Pollution with Your Phone
You Can Help Measure Light Pollution with Your Phone
There’s no question that light pollution is a growing problem. Thankfully many scientists and advocates are working for change. And you can be a part of that change with a simple app that you can download to catalog the street lights in your neighborhood.
The continued expansion of street lights, traffic lights, security lights, and home lighting across the globe has a variety of disastrous consequences. For one, increased light pollution reduces our access to the night sky. We simply don’t get to see the same stars and constellations that our ancestors did, and we can potentially lose that rich cultural heritage.
In addition, the increased use of lights at night by humans also disrupts many biological processes. For example, animals that rely on night vision can have their rhythms disrupted. Or certain blooms that only happen in periods of strong moonlight can be reduced due to human interference.
While many satellites can map out the total amount of light pollution in a given area on the globe, they have one major weakness. Satellites have difficulty measuring the amount of blue versus red light, because the blue light more easily scatters in the atmosphere. Different satellites and different measuring techniques can give wildly different estimates for the amount of blue light pollution, differing by as much as 200%.
Measuring the color of the light is important because not every biological process is sensitive to the all colors of light equally. For example, one species of nocturnal animal may be absolutely fine with redder colored night lighting, but be completely disrupted by blueish hues.
To tackle this, a team of astronomers have proposed a new citizen science project. The project consists of an app that you can download onto your smartphone. You then simply take pictures of any of the light sources that you see. The app then measures the spectrum of that light and estimates the amount of different colors. For example, common street lights usually use sodium, which gives them an orange hue, while home security lights and headlights tend to be bluer.
The app will then upload the information to a database tagged with your location and correlate that information with light pollution maps given by satellites. This way, the astronomers hope to correct and calibrate the information provided by the satellites so that we have a more accurate measurement of the color spectrum of our light pollution.
The team of astronomers have already completed a pilot program to demonstrate that their app pipeline and data acquisition and calibration steps all work correctly. They are now advocating to roll out the app worldwide to engage more citizen scientists. If you’d like to participate, you can check out this link.
Filer’s Files Nov. 1 2022 - Russian News Unveil NASA Secrets - PART I
Cairo, Egypt over Pyramids on August 23, 2022
Filer’s Files Nov. 1 2022 - Russian News Unveil NASA Secrets - PART I
Major George A Filer III ret USAF and wife Janet
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
Www nationalUFOcenter com
Special reports are: Russian News – U S. Scientists Unveil NASA Secrets, Is this company working with alien technology in Nevada? The Man Who Single-Handedly Prevented Nuclear War, Ukraine Damages Strategic Kerch Bridge, Communist Chinese Warfare is Devious, New Weapons of Stealth War,
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Kansas, Maine, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, , and Washington
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Canada, Croatia, Egypt, France, Korea, Poland, South Africa, Spain, and England in the United Kingdom
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavo.r The US Air Force and DOD investigated UFOs for more than forty years; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFOs are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors Like my site? Spread the word!
Special Projects
Russian News – U S Scientists Unveil NASA Secrets
Moon Tower
The Shard photo is an obvious structure that rises above the Moon’s surface by more than a mile. Its overall irregular spindly shape contains a regular geometric pattern with constricted nodes. No known natural process can explain such a structure Photo courtesy of NAS who claims they are going to study UFOs/UAPs.
Russia, China, Japan and India have craft ready to launch or are now circling the Moon. Russia’s booster rocket maker, Energia, will build a base to develop the industrial production of helium-3 a powerful energy for nuclear synthesis. Only six tons of this fuel would provide enough energy to power a large country for one year
Allegedly China and Russia have joined together to send men to the moon
China launched its first satellite to the Moon on October 24, 2008, and launch a lunar base and an unmanned space probe in 2010. In 2020 Chang’e-5, returned to Earth with lunar rocks, completing China’s three-step “orbit, land, and return” lunar program China has plans to build a permanent manned base in 2030s.
Captured UFOs With Identical Materials
U S UFO Crash Japan UFO Crash
Editor’s Note: Honeycombs nearly identical bottom portions of these craft were found 6000 miles apart and 41 years later, Plains of St Augustin UFO crash debris honeycomb on left, and Southern Japan’s Shikoku Island debris found in 1971, on the right A Mr. Shioto saw the UFO explode and found the debris
The disc I examined had a central core and likely a ring or tube metal of some kind around the outer edge. The entire floor and bottom probably was made of a honeycomb material to keep the craft light The floor and bottom are probably made with mega materials.
This combination of anti-gravity materials creates a cabin where there is not the feeling of flight or gravity.
All of the samples were tested with a volt-ohmmeter and were found to conduct electricity. Fifty-six (56) elements were detected in at least one sample. The aluminum contained alloys not available in aluminum in 1947. The coatings on all metals were blended with metal and rich in silica, titanic, magnesia, sulfate, phosphate, and chloride, were almost certainly not available in 1947. The powder coatings are similar to those removed from people claiming alien contact. The samples still emit magnetic and electrical energy indicating these samples include metamaterials, nanot-nological smart metals, and of probable alien origin. Analysis of some of the metal indicated it was not from Earth. Thanks to Timothy Good and Art Campbell.
General Twining’s Inspection of the Crashed UFOs of Roswell and Plains of St Augustin.
Roswell UFO Crash
General Nathan F. Twining’s Commander of Air Material Command abruptly changes his schedule and flies to Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico south of the crashes. He likely visits the sights or at least examines the UFO debris. General Twining made inspection of R&D facilities at Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico on 10th July 1947 – and then returned to Wright Field, Ohio About 14 July 1947, General Twining and General Chidlaw had orders to attend a July 8th three days Bomb Commanders Course at Sandia Base in Albuquerque, which was likely a cover for inspecting the St Augustine c UFO crash. Sandia was the principal nuclear weapons installation where a crashed UFO’s propulsion system would likely be taken. The Roswell UFO was being taken to Wright Field at the same time. General Twining’s flight logs of 1947 have been confirmed. This trip to New Mexico was Twining’s only trip during the summer of 1947.
IPU Page 4 states on 7th July 1947 – Twinning went to Alamogordo AAF for a secret meeting with General Spaatz to view remains of a UFO from 20 miles northwest of Socorro. On 8th July 1947, Twinning went to Kirtland AAF/ Sandia to inspect parts recovered from a power plan. On 9th July 1947 – Twining and staff went to White Sands Proving Ground to inspect pieces of craft being stored there. On 10th July 1947 – Twining made inspection of R&D facilities at Alamogordo and then returned to Wright Field. Other key General’s and even President Truman apparently flew to see the crashed UFOs. Twining’s pilot said Twining sometimes made secret flights himself, with Truman actually flying the plane.
General Arthur Exon
I spoke with General Arthur Exon, Base Commander at Wright Patterson in the 1960s. who claims he flew over the crash site in 1947. He said, “The craft skidded along and stopped on a hill. Later he attended advanced military classes and was told that part of the wreckage being tested was made of “specially processed” titanium. “Most ranking officers were briefed about the UFO crashes.
LAS VEGAS (KLAS) — Radiance Technologies has quietly become a major player in developing cutting-edge weapons and systems for the Pentagon, with 20 offices established in 17 states. When it comes to unidentified flying objects or alien technology, the company doesn’t duck the topic formerly considered taboo or fringe.
But if somebody possessed a UFO, and asked scientists from Radiance to take it apart to figure out how it works, would they take that contract?
Tim Tinsley, president of Radiance Technology, says Yes
“Why not,” he says “I’m waiting for one of those. ”
Tinsley is an engineer who spent two decades working on missile defense systems before joining Radiance. Unlike Lockheed Martin or Northrop Grumman, the Huntsville, Alabama-based company is owned entirely by its employees.
“Whether we’re in Las Vegas or San Antonio, Dayton, Ohio, or Huntsville, it doesn’t matter,” Tinsley explains “The idea is we have a core set of values that runs through the company. ”
Since the early 2000s, the DoD has pursued hypersonic weapons development as a part of the conventional Prompt Global Strike Program. These efforts are accelerating in response to advances of global peer capabilities. Radiance is proud to be part of the accelerated effort to field both U S capability and counter threat hypersonic systems. We are part of the Army’s effort to field a land-based hypersonic missile. We also support efforts to understand and counter adversary capabilities.
Unknown drone or UFO
Unknown drone or UFO Carried on Truck
The Man Who Single-Handedly Prevented Nuclear War on Soviet Submarine B-59
Vasily Aleksandrovich Arkhipov
Vasily Aleksandrovich Arkhipov (Russian Naval Officer born, 30 January 1926 – 19 August 1998) was a Soviet Naval officer credited with preventing a Soviet nuclear torpedo launch during the Cuban Missile Crisis against a U.S. aircraft Carrier
In 1971, the young officer had exposed himself to severe radiation in order to save a submarine with an overheating reactor. Eight crew members we killed and Arkhipov himself became sick with radiation poisoning, aboard a sub receiving a dose that would eventually lead to his death in 1998. Arkhipov would go on to single-handedly prevent World War III
Soviet B-59 nuclear submarine
Arkhipov was serving as second in command on the Soviet B-59 nuclear submarine at the time of the Cuban missile crisis in October 1962. After the U.S. ordered a naval blockade around Cuba, the navy began to drop depth charges on Soviet submarines in order to force them to surface. The Soviets had been warned ahead of the non-lethal charges being dropped, but this had not been conveyed to B-59. This lack of communication led to the captain of the B-59, upon seeing explosive charges being dropped at his vessel, concluding that World War III had broken out, as they were clearly being attacked.
The captain of the B-59, Valentin Savitsky, had no way of knowing that the depth charges were non-lethal “practice” rounds. The Destroyer Beale was joined by other U.S. destroyers who piled in to pummel the submerged B-59 with more explosives. The exhausted Savitsky assumed that his submarine was doomed. He ordered the B-59’s ten kiloton nuclear torpedo to be prepared for firing at the USS Randolf, the giant aircraft carrier leading the task force. On October 27, 1962, units of the U. S. aircraft carrier USS Randolph and 11 destroyers – detected B-59 near Cuba.
U S Aircraft Carrier Randolph,
If the B-59’s torpedo had vaporized the Randolph, the nuclear clouds would quickly start a World War. The Soviet nuclear first targets would have been Moscow, London, Washington, much of the States, and troop concentrations in Germany
If Captain Vitali Savitsky ordered that the submarine’s 10-kiloton nuclear torpedo to be launched World War III would have likely followed between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. In order to fire the missile, however, the process required the captain, the ships Political officer and Second Officer Arkhipov to agree to the launch. Arkhipov was the only one of the three men who argued against launching nuclear weapons. After a long argument, he was able to convince the others not to launch, and instead surfaced the vessel and requested further orders from the Kremlin. https://www iflscience com/soviet-submarine-b-59-and-the-man-who-single-handedly-prevented-nuclear-war-65478
Thanks to Jeff Rense
KB-50J Tanker Aircraft and RF-101s McDonnell Voodoo is a supersonic jet
Editor’s Note I was in the middle of the potential war by flying a tanker aircraft fifty miles from Cuba refueling RE-101 reconnaissance aircraft, when I was ordered to report immediately to General Sweeny at Langley AFB the Commander of Tactical Air Command with a thousand aircraft ready to attack Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba. I was needed has a Top Secret messenger carrying the developed Cuban Missile film from the reconnaissance aircraft to General LeMay the Commander of the Air Force. I showed Le May some of the Soviet Missiles who he wanted to attack immediately. He told me to tell General Sweenyto ready to attack Cuba.
Low Level Photo of Soviet Missils
However, the exact location of all nuclear missiles was unknown although we were finding more daily and were assigning fighter bombers to target them. We did not know, how many nuclear missiles the Soviets had placed in Cuba?
Goggle claims the Soviet Union had about 700 medium-range ballistic missiles in Cuba that could reach most targets in the U.S . The Soviets were building nine sites we knew about—six for R-12 medium-range missiles (NATO designation SS-4 Sandal) with an effective range of 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) and three for R-14 intermediate-range ballistic missiles (NATO designation SS-5 Skean) with a maximum range of 4,500 kilometres (2,800 mi) that could reach all of the nation except the northwest couple of states. Cuban nuclear stockpile were 80 nuclear-armed front cruise missiles (FKRs), 12 nuclear warheads for Luna short-range rockets, and 6 nuclear bombs for IL-28 bombers
General LeMay and President Kennedy
The reason that Khrushchev sent missiles to Cuba was because the Soviet Union lacked a credible long range ICBM deterrent against a possible U.S. attack.
The thermo-nuclear infrastructures of the U.S. and Russia are still in place. And the risk of a nuclear exchange between the superpowers remains very real. In 1995,. Russian early warning radar mistook a Norwegian weather rocket for a ballistic missile launched from an American submarine. An emergency signal was sent to President Yeltsin’s “Cheget”, the nuclear suitcase with launch codes Yeltsin, presumably, had less than five minutes to make a decision on a retaliatory strike.
“As long as nuclear weapons exist, the chances of survival of the human species are quite slight.” Every study of long-term risk analysis supports Noam Chomsky’s claim Ploughshares estimates there are 19,000 warheads in the world today, 18,000 of which are in the hands of the U.S. and Russia. Whatever the exact numbers, the American/Russian nuclear arsenals are the only ones capable of totally destroying all human life.
Most of all, the Cuban missile crisis showed that the weapons themselves are the problem.” Ditching the system may be a no-brainer for the generals, but not for politicians afraid of a public opinion that equates nuclear weapons with vague notions of “being strong.”
The decision not to start World War III was not in the Kremlin or the White House, but in the sweltering control room of a submarine. It is certain that Arkhipov’s reputation was a key factor in the control room debate. Thank you, Vasya and Jeff Rense
Ukraine Damages Strategic Kerch Bridge and Goes on Attack
Kerch Bridge is Damaged
Ukrainian forces have managed another blow to the Russian war effort by targeting and damaging the Kerch Bridge that links Sevastopol Naval base, Criteria with Russia. TheUkrainian military has retaken an estimated 3,000 square kilometers of Russian-held territory in just six days as well as a large number of Russian prisoners. This territory includes the Izyurn a rail hub that the Russian military had used to resupply its forces, and Kupiansk, another railway hub farther north. Russian units are fleeing in disarray and civilians celebrating in recaptured towns.
Opened in 2018, the Kerch Bridge has been the lifeline of Crimea. The Russian military has used the bridge to transport troops and supplies to the annexed Ukrainian peninsula and has helped turn it into a Russian military stronghold. The destruction of the bridge will severely impact the Russian war effort in the south of Kherson at a point in time when the Russian forces there are under extreme pressure by the Ukrainian counteroffensive.
The situation in the south remains dire for the Russian military
Russian casualties
Every day, the Ukrainian military is providing an update on their claimed Russian casualties These numbers are official figures and haven’t been separately verified.
Western intelligence assessments corroborate, to a certain extent, the Ukrainian casualty claims. For example, the Oryx open-source intelligence research page has visually verified the destruction or capture of more than 1,200 Russian tanks (which amounts to more tanks than the combined armor capabilities of France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom) and more than 5,300 military vehicles of all type. This assessment has been confirmed by the British Ministry of Defense.
The Pentagon acknowledged that the Russian military has lost thousands of combat vehicles of all types, including over 1,000 tanks, and dozens of fighter jets and helicopters.
A destroyed Russian T-72B main battle tank
(Wikimedia org)
Furthermore, more recent reports that are citing Western intelligence officials indicate that the Russian military has suffered up to 50,000 casualties (killed and wounded) in the war so far.
In the summer, Sir Tony Radakin, the British Chief of Defence Staff, recently told the BBC that the West understands that more than 50,000 Russian troops have been killed or wounded in the conflict thus far If we were to take the Ukrainian figures as accurate, the number mentioned by Sir Radakin is on the low side of the spectrum.
This territory includes the vital city of Izyum, a rail hub that the Russian military had used to resupply its forces, and Kupiansk, a north railway hub The rout, and the past week’s results of Russian units fleeing in disarray and civilians celebrating
As of Saturday, the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense is claiming the following Russian casualties that are felt to be reasonable:
62,060 to 50,000 Russian troops killed (approximately three times that number wounded and captured)
Large number of Russian prisoners
5,111 armored personnel carriers destroyed
3,875 vehicles and fuel tanks
2,472 tanks
1,459 artillery pieces
1,079 tactical unmanned aerial systems
266 fighter, attack, and transport jets
345 Multiple Launch Rocket Systems (MLRS)
234 attack and transport helicopters
246 cruise missiles shot down by the Ukrainian air defenses
Antarctica ice is melting revealing strange huge structures near mountain https://www youtube com/watch?
Some type of ancient construction Object is over a mile long tha has been uncovered. Tanks and trucks were seen near the structure aparently investigating its purpose.
Communist Chinese Warfare is Devious
‘Arsonist s Enjoying Lighting the Wildfires
I fought Communism in Vietnam, Israel, and Yemen through much of my life and I know they are very clever and devious and underhanded. They are much smarter than most of our politicians. Generally successful sabotage against the U.S. is not revealed and considered classified information so you have to watch the news for destruction, fires and lives los.t They may be natural disasters, but often they involve sabotage and arson.
I believe Chinese Communist Party of China is using every trick and geoengineering method possible to destroy the U.S. These include Geoengineering methods, weather control, satellite direct energy weapons, and bio-warfare. China builds advanced weapons systems stealing American chip technology. U.S. manufacturing has been declining since the 1950s. China now accounts for an incredible 28% of all manufacturing anywhere
The HAARP and weather control threat has been called a conspiracy theory by the mainstream fake media and by most government officials, but we controlled much of the weather in 1968 and the Chinese have 39,000 weather control personnel in Shanghai alone near their HAARP facility. ttps://climateviewer com/2018/08/02/weather-control-directed-energy-weapons-fires-rage-worldwide/ttps://climateviewer com/2018/08/02/weather-control-directed-energy-weapons-fires-rage-worldwide.
During a Senate hearing on May 20, 2014, David Walker, Deputy Secretary of the Air Force for science, technology and engineering, dropped a bombshell in answer to a question asked by Lisa Murkowski in relation to the dismantling of our $300 million High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) in Alaska.
Walker said,” This is not an area that we have any need for in the future” and it would not be a good use of Air Force research funds to keep HAARP going. “We’re moving on to other ways of managing the ionosphere, which the HAARP was really designed to do,” he said “To inject energy into the ionosphere to be able to actually control it But that work has been completed ”
This is not the first time a public official has acknowledged that HAARP and weather control is not only possible, but has been and continues to be used as a “super weapon,” as evidenced by a statement in 1997 by former U S Defense Secretary William Cohen, where he said “Others [terrorists] are engaging even in an eco-type of terrorism whereby they can alter the climate, set off earthquakes, volcanoes remotely through the use of electromagnetic waves
… There are plenty of ingenious minds out there that are at work finding ways in which they can wreck terror upon other nations. It’s real, and that’s the reason why we have to intensify our [counterterrorism] efforts ” https://www geoengineering watch org/air-force-bombshell-admits-they-can-control-weather-haarp.
Many believe HAARP was created and has been used for weather control, with enough juice to trigger hurricanes, tornadoes and even earthquakes and comments such as this bring about the question of whether conspiracy theorists are more on target than anyone has admitted to date.
Why the Chinese did not allow domestic travel from Wuhan, China when Coved but allowed millions of Chinese people to travel from c to all other parts of the world carrying
COVID 19 killing millions of people, which allowed the coronavirus to spread worldwide killing half a million Americans. They had an effective vaccine a year earlier than the US and claim only 15,000 Chinese died due to their advanced medical ability. The Chinese have taken virtually every technology developed in the US and often improved on it including all types of aircraft and missiles.
China has Five HAARPs (H) Facilities Japan’s Fukushima Earthquake and Tsunami (EQ)
The Chinese Communists have developed at least five HAARP like facilities, three in the Gobi Desert, one near Shanghai, and a similar facility on the Hainan Island in the South China Sea. China likely mounted a HAARP facility on a ships and are able to move to key locations and conduct geoengineering such as changing the course of the Jet Stream. Virtually everything we have like missiles, aircraft, weapons they have been copied in larger numbers and built in China with improvements.
Weather Control is not New, Space Can Control the weather
President Johnson used weather control in 1968 dropping silver oxide on the North Vietnamese roads to slow their movement of supplies and soldiers.
The South China Morning Post in 2018, revealed that a scientists believe it could have more alarming uses such as causing natural disasters like hurricanes and freezing cold.
New Weapons of Stealth War
Brigadier General Robert Spalding
Brigadier General Robert Spalding shares how China took over while America’s Elite Slep.t He was interviewed about his book,” Stealth War” that not all wars are violen.t General Spalding told how Chinese Communist Party worked behind the scene to undermine the United States by co-opting our elite people and paying large sums of money to many like Hunter Biden. General Robert S Spalding III lived in China and spoke Chinese for three years and assumed the duties of Special Assistant to the U.S. Air Force Vice Chief of Staff in February 2018. He states, “Daily the Communist propaganda media reminds the Chinese they are at war with the U.S. and everything should be done to destroy the U.S.”
Why China has no intention of following through on the trade deals with the United States and included an escape clause. How the Trump administration stopped China from taking advantage of the United States like they’ve done for over 40 years giving them Billions of dollars
Why the Chinese during COVID-19 did not allow travel from Wuhan, China into China, but encouraged over 5 million people to travel from Wuhan to all other parts of the world with Covid killing millions
We have already provided China with our advanced space technology, aviation, missiles, nuclear weapons, economic leadership; military and economic thef.t They have shocking success in infiltrating American institutions and compromising our national security. . General Spalding Shares How China Took Over While America’s Elite and made many billionaires and millionaires.
Understanding what the Chinese Communist Party is and how they operate is crucial to fully grasping their intentions with America .
Psychology Today and British Journal Psychiatry states “Women who had an abortion have 81% increased risk of mental health problems, www psychologytoday com/us/blog/the-skeptical
Persons considering an abortion should be aware of recent studies “There are in fact some real risks associated with abortion that should be shared with women as they are counseled prior to an abortion .About a million women have an abortion in the U S each year
A provocative new medical study shows that women who have an abortion face an increased risk for mental health problems including substance abuse, anxiety, and depression. There were 877,181 participants in the study and 16 3831 had an abortion Comparing the two groups the study found amazing results of higher divorcé rates and earlier death.
Women protesting their Supreme Court Decision to turn abortion to States
At least 27% of women who have an abortion will have a suicidal ideation afterward. Six times more women attempt suicide if they abort rather than having a baby. The truth is that the importance of our stories cannot be overstated since abortion was legalized in 1973 by the Roe vs Wade decision. Over 55 to 60 million developing babies have died through abortion although killing of a human is against the Law Often an abortion is taught in high school health courses teaching that life is cheap. so why not eliminate anyone’s life that bothers you.
Just one abotion system Planned Parenthood averages a thousand abortions per day
Women who had an abortion were 34 percent more likely to develop an anxiety disorder, 37 percent more likely to experience depression, 110 percent more likely to abuse alcohol, 220 percent more likely to use marijuana, 155 percent more likely to commit suicide. According to its annual report, Planned Parenthood conducted 296,310 Breast exams provided 274,145 Pap tests. Planned Parenthood does not conduct breast biopsy or prenatal care. It does provide birth control pills, a pregnancy test, annual exams and abortions
Women who insist upon the right to abort their babies are tampering with the divine design. They are effectively choosing to destroy the baby and often their marriage rather than to honor God’s design. The couple who aborts their baby has taken a step away from the marriage union and a step towards divorce.
Abortion is a surgical procedure removes the fetus using suction and a sharp, tools to cut that ends the life if the baby. This can cause complications scarring of the uterine wall which may make it difficult to get pregnant later. These complications include damage to the cervix, scarring of the uterine lining, infection or sepsis, and perforation of the uterus .Although death from abortion is rare, any surgery is potentially fatal. Frequently, the Mother is left with severe mental problems which can lead to early death. https://www cbsnews com/news/abortion-tied-to-sharp-decline-in-womens-mental-health /
Make sure you vote!
Strange Craft
The True Story of an Air Force Intelligence Officer’s Life with UFOs
U S Air Force Major George Filer belongs to the generation of pilots and aviators who first became aware of the strange aircraft showing up in the Earth’s atmosphere after World War II These men – military professionals who flew planes, served as radar operators and air traffic controllers at airfields around the world – began to whisper amongst themselves about encounters with suspected extraterrestrial aircraft
During secret debriefings at U S bases, pilots and air crew told their commanders of seeing UFOs off their plane’s wings Award-winning investigative author John Guerra spent four years interviewing Filer, a decorated intelligence officer
From objects in the skies over Cold War Europe to a UFOs over during the Cuban Missile Crisis to lights over the DMZ in Vietnam Filer leaves nothing out about his Air Force UFO encounters,
Filer’s most memorable case – the sng of an alien at Fort Dix Army Base in 1978 – is fully recounted for the first time in this book as a member of the Disclosure Project, military experts, astronauts, and scientists urge the U S government to release all it knows about UFOs to the public
Filer describes his UFO encounters in this incredible book, by John L Guerra hooti
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Filer’s Files Nov. 1 2022 - Russian News Unveil NASA Secrets - PART II
Cairo, Egypt over Pyramids on August 23, 2022
Filer’s Files Nov. 1 2022 - Russian News Unveil NASA Secrets - PART II
Major George A Filer III ret USAF and wife Janet
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
Www nationalUFOcenter com
Special reports are: Russian News – U S. Scientists Unveil NASA Secrets, Is this company working with alien technology in Nevada? The Man Who Single-Handedly Prevented Nuclear War, Ukraine Damages Strategic Kerch Bridge, Communist Chinese Warfare is Devious, New Weapons of Stealth War,
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Kansas, Maine, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, , and Washington
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Canada, Croatia, Egypt, France, Korea, Poland, South Africa, Spain, and England in the United Kingdom
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavo.r The US Air Force and DOD investigated UFOs for more than forty years; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFOs are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors Like my site? Spread the word!
UFO Sightings in the United States
Sightings are from MUFON CMS
Arizona Light’
Sun Cityon October 10, 2022, my husband saw moving and jumping with a lighter color object that comes in and out.
Note: There are actually two objects in the video. Orb appears to have been panned by the witness and a second flat object appears at times and appears to join the orb. The second object could possibly be a reflection, but that is speculation .The video shows both of the objects jumping around that appeared to join.Thanks to Will Pucket/www ufosnw com/newsite/
California Object
Imperial Beachon October 13th, 2022, at 11:30 pm I was driving on the freeway saw was absolutely massive in size, descending from the sky in a fog. It was an enormous triangle with glowing lights on eac
Connecticut Disk
Naugatuck on October 30, 2022, driving up RT 8, two elongated diamond shaped like an elongated cube shape. It moved very slowly across the highway northeast. My exit on RT 8 is 25, Photo is how it initially appeared in shape.
Colorado Object
Fountainon May 6, 2022, didn’t notice at time pic was taken. Never heard anything. I stopped to take a pic of that looked like a spaceship.
Florida Lights
Fernandina Beach on October 20, 2022, we walked and saw a large entity radiating light around its center. It was a solid structure and hovered, then flew SW
Kansas Light
Olatheon February 12 , 2022, observed a brilliantly revolving object at 3:40 pm for 20 minutes in a circular aura. It was higher and faster that a jet streaking miles in seconds.
Maine TicTac
Rangelyon August 19, 2022, father and I observed the stars when I saw a massive elongated light passing over the mountain range. We filmed it as approached us and feel it emitted energy.
Montana Object
Missoulaon October 15 , 2022, while at a football game I saw object due to its shiny exterior. It was slow moving and would appear and disappear. It hovered and was flying high in the distance.
Nevada Lights
Las Vegas on October 21, 2022, two bright white lights orb shaped on a larger craft that would emit 25+ red lights that would form in the middle of the craft and fly off. Some would return It stayed there for 5 hours .
New Jersey Lights
Freeholdon September 28, 2022, UFO Event: White, tic tac shaped aerial vehicle appeared while I was flying my drone.
Tennessee Light
Louisville on September 29, 2022, I have a ring camera video of a yellow glowing of what I believe is a probe looking into a home.
Washington Lights
Kennewick on March 4, 2022, I saw a hovering black cigar in the sky. Then it changed shape to a 90 degree red V shape, then turned transparent It turned into a black cigar.
Worldwide UFO Sightings
Australia Disc
Melbourne on September 23, 2022, check the video attached. Ignore the images as it was uploaded on Tic-tac.
Canada Object
Clairmonton September 26, 2022. in Northern Alberta, I was looking north and made a 10 second exposure of fast moving triangle. I did not see the object, but it was in two photos.
Croatia Lights
Zagrebon July 7, 2022, I was walking my dog at Lake Jarun and noticed a triangle formation of 3 lights moving slowly. They never changed formation and then they vanished.
Egypt Object
Cairo on August 23, 2022, UFO appears in image above Giza Pyramids .Photos taken before and after but the object only in this image .No one saw or heard anything. Drones are not allowed in the area.
France Object
Lyonon July 2, 2022, I go out for a run see craft flying very slow, with black smoke I see a huge white potato with 5 or 6 portholes at 250 meters height It had no wings and windows well bigger than on an airplane
Korea Object
Sokcho-Si on October 1, 2022, observer took three shots facing Northwest at: 31,:32 and:51s econds. Silver metallic disk UFO is only seen in the second shot taken at 09:45:32.
Poland Lights
Gdanskon August 30, 2022, Strange lights appeared to be a part of a larger structure hovering above clouds
South Africa Object
Cape Town on July 23, 2022, took a picture of nice clouds but upon review there was this unexplainable object .Strange object in only one photo .
Spain V Object
Barcelonaon September 30, 2022 with binoculars I saw bright yellow V shaped light in the sky, not moving. Planes flying above it. We are on the flight path for Barcelona airport.
UK/England Lights
Forfar on September 18, 2022, was watching the local news upgrading Taiwan Air Force with F-16s, when I see UFO above aircraft so tell me what u think. This was on live news so no editing was done I recorded it straight from the TV to phone.
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I have put together a DVD of the last twenty years of Filer’s Files for you with hundreds of great photographs and UFO sightings that will explain the phenomena and the importance to your life and your family. Additionally, I have included my book within the DVD that includes George Ritter’s exciting abduction story told by Linda Moulton Howe. Broadcaster David E. Twichell joined me to write the book. We are asking for a donation of only $50 that includes next year’s subscription and our book. Please include your e-mail address and mailing address.
Our research is uncovering amazing truths by solving challenging projects deemed too difficult by other firms. We have had some success in finding missing persons. We could use your help in getting more results from our research. I have put together a DVD of the last seventeen years of Filer’s Files for you with hundreds of great photographs and UFO sightings. Additionally, I have decided to include my book within the DVD that includes George Ritter’s exciting abduction story told by Linda Moulton Howe. Broadcaster David E. Twichell joined me to write the book. We are asking for a donation of only $50 that includes next year’s subscription and our book. Please include your e-mail address and mailing address.
Have been digging through the giant DVD you sent recently. As a relatively recent joiner, I was unaware of the years’ worth of consistent reports of the same types of objects all over. This has been very educational. Just wanted to thank you for all you’ve done. Bruce W. Freeman Attorney at Law
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Filer’s Files is copyrighted 2015 by George A. Filer, all rights reserved. Readers may post the COMPLETE files on their Web Sites if they credit the newsletter and its editor by name, and list the date of issue. These reports and comments are not necessarily the OFFICIAL MUFON viewpoint. Send your letters to Majorstar Sending mail automatically grants permission for us to publish and use your name. Please state if you wish to keep your name or e-mail confidential. CAUTION MOST OF THESE ARE INITIAL REPORTS AND REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION. If you wish to stop receiving these files, please send a message to Majorstar
Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women; God Bless Our Troops, and Georgie, Elizabeth, and Victoria Filer, and Eddie Pedrick. May the Angels be your guide and take you to paradise.
Put another way, a young person in the U.S. is nearly 11 times as likely to die in a swimming pool than in a school shooting. Few public officials would say pools are doing a poor job protecting swimmers, but the statistics suggest that we need “more lifeguards at pools, as opposed to guards at schools,” Fox said
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
CAUTION MOST OF THESE ARE INITIAL REPORTS AND REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION. If you wish to stop receiving these files, please send a message to Majorstar@verizon.net.
Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women Georgie Filer and Eddie Pedrick my grandsons who both drowned. We pray that God will bless those who read these files spiritually.
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LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS
LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS
‘Buitenaards leven kan niet eens contact met ons maken’
De Amerikaanse regering maakt dinsdag een rapport openbaar over het bestaan van ufo’s. Vincent Icke, theoretisch sterrenkundige, blikt vooruit op het veelbesproken moment.
Are Aliens Patrolling Us? More Interstellar Visitors Now in the Solar System
Shaped like an elongated cigar, by the time it was spotted it had already zipped by our own Sun, performed a slick hairpin turn, and begun hurtling off in another direction. Two things in particular fixated scientists. The first was its mysterious acceleration away from the Sun, which was hard to reconcile with many ideas about what it might have been made of. The second was its peculiar shape – by some estimates, it was 10 times as long as it was wide. Are Aliens Patrolling Us? More Interstellar Visitors Now in the Solar System
André Kuipers: 'Binnen 10 jaar vinden we buitenaards leven
Het blijft een mysterieus fenomeen: ufo's. De Unidentified flying objects worden bijna altijd in een zin genoemd met buitenaards leven of tijdreizigers. Maar is dat ook zo?
Caught On Camera - The US Navy UFO
The United States military flat-out and repeatedly denied any possibility of extra-terrestrial craft as accounting for any sightings or footage of strange flying objects or lights in the sky.
Instead, everything from weather balloons to optical illusions caused by natural phenomena were offered as perfectly logical reasons for the sightings.
The official military line was always the same: deny, deny, deny.
That all changed in 2017, when the New York Times released not one but three short videos taken by U.S. Navy pilots showing footage of craft supposedly acting in ways that defied known physics and logic regarding aviation and aerodynamics.
Suddenly, it seemed that the U.S. military was using three words that it had never publicly uttered before: “unidentified aerial phenomena,” or UAPs as the media quickly dubbed them.
The focus of this video will be on the first of these filmed encounters, which took place in 2004 and was observed by pilots from the aircraft carrier, the USS Nimitz.
The unidentified craft or UAP in question exhibited speed and manoeuvrability that stunned the pilots who were tracking it. FLIR 1 UAP
And what was being tracked in the video looked oblong and white in shape, akin to a giant pill or Tic-Tac breath mint, which is why it became known as the ‘Tic-Tac UFO’.
So, what happened out there over the loney Pacific Ocean in November 2004? And why is it so darn terrifying?
Pride of the US fleet, the nuclear-powered USS Nimitz, was operating training exercises off the coast of mexico in winter of 2004.
The Nimitz was ordinarily docked at the U.S. Navy base in San Diego, so its manoeuvres in the Pacific Ocean that November could be considered ‘close to home’ and routine.
It’s Strike Group also included smaller missile cruiser, the USS Princeton.
This state of the art ship was testing a new highly advanced radar on board, which had been picking up mysterious objects for several days prior..
By that morning on the 14th, it was decided on the Princeton that these unidentified objects had to be somehow intercepted - and if possible, stopped!
The carrier group had two fighter jets already performing training missions in the area, and it was thought that it would be their best bet at witnessing what ever the heck these objects where.
They were ordered to stop their training and immediately proceed to new coordinates for what the operations officer on board the Princeton called “a real-world task”.
Fighter jet pilots Alex Dietrich, and her them commanding officer, David Fravor, were the two pilots tasked to investigate the mysterious radar contacts.
Upon approaching the designated area where the radar contact had been located, they first noticed an unusual ‘churning’ of the ocean surface.
A foaming mass that looked like a large aircraft submerged under the water.
But its what they witnessed next that was even more unsettling.
The pilots then saw what they described as a smooth, white oblong object that looked like a giant Tic-Tac breath mint skimming about 50 metres or 164 feet above the waves and flying at what looked like a very high speed. Erratically and changing directions without any care to physics.
At first they thought it was a helicopter, but the lack of rotors and the sheer bone crushing g-forces exhibited ruled that out.
In his jet, David Fravor attempted to engage with object, he began a long spiral to get closer to the churning water surface. But seemingly the object stopped its movements and began an opposite helix upwards motion - almost mirroring the fighter jet - what ever it was, it knew he was there.
Now closer, the craft seemed to lack what the pilots would later recall as “any visible flight control surfaces or means of propulsion”.
They would comment that what she saw was, in her own words, “so unpredictable—high G, rapid velocity, rapid acceleration. So you’re wondering: How can I possibly fight this?”
The object was around 50-100 meters wide, and was seen as at least at big as the F-18.
Fravor, was a decorated pilot instructor and 16-year veteran of the Navy’s famous ‘Top Gun’ program for fighter pilots, yet he was as stunned by what he saw.
He would also describe how the object would bounce from one side to another, as if it were a ping-pong ball being thrown against the wall.
Looking at the footage, after a brief period of time, either the camera loses track of the object, or the object itself accleates to well over mach 6 and vasnishes 100km over the horizon instantly.
Appearing to slide casually and somewhat aloof away.
Exclusive Footage: “I’ve Never Seen Anything Like This In My Life” – Veteran Airline Captain Films Multiple UFOs Over Colorado
Exclusive Footage: “I’ve Never Seen Anything Like This In My Life” – Veteran Airline Captain Films Multiple UFOs Over Colorado
A defense contractor source stated that the eyewitness account of the event was very strange. According to the source, the shooting star appeared to have descended at a high speed and split into two or three luminous objects.
The source also stated that satellites such as Starlink would have shown movement. In addition, the footage showed a triangle formation, which could have been a larger or smaller craft with illuminated vertices.
However, high-altitude reconnaissance drones, which are designed for stealth, would not have been able to produce enough light to appear in the video. Also, satellites would have moved as they entered the delta formation, which is not the case with most drones.
The incident has raised a lot of questions about the treatment of UFOs by commercial airlines. According to the captain of the plane, his company was against discussing the phenomenon.
Jeremy Corbell
According to Jeremy Corbell, who was the person who obtained the footage, it is very important that pilots be allowed to report encounters with UFOs without fear of retaliation. He said that he has been getting in touch with several private and commercial airline pilots who are afraid of going public with their experiences with the phenomenon.
Due to the prevalence of the stigma and retaliation against those who report encounters with extraterrestrial objects, it is becoming harder to do so, with an increased frequency. The Department of Defense (DoD) has acknowledged the importance of addressing the issue of UFOs and aviation safety.
For over 75 years, commercial and private airline pilots have been avoiding reporting encounters with extraterrestrial objects. This is unacceptable.
According to Ryan Graves, a former Navy aviator, commercial airlines should start addressing the issue of UFOs and aviation safety immediately. He said that they should wait until the science behind the phenomenon has been settled.
The implementation of safety measures and data collection procedures can help alleviate aircrew uncertainty. The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics’ (AiaA) UAP Community of Interest is working with experts to gather information related to aviation safety.
This new footage came just before the release of a classified UAP report. Military insiders have been trying to frame the report by focusing on the alleged objects that they can identify. They ignored the most compelling cases.
Following the recent reports of commercial airline UFOs, it has been reported that the number of incidents involving UAP is on the rise. This is in line with a Senate Intelligence report that stated that the threat of extraterrestrial threats to the US is on the rise.
NASA announced Friday the agency decided its Psyche mission will go forward, targeting a launch period opening on Oct. 10, 2023.
This illustration, updated as of June 2020, depicts NASA's Psyche spacecraft.
Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU
Earlier this year, Psyche missed its planned 2022 launch period as a result of mission development problems, leading to an internal review of whether the mission would be able to overcome these issues to successfully launch in 2023.
This continuation/termination review was informed by a project-proposed mission replan and a separate independent review, commissioned in June by NASA and the agency’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, that investigated causes for the delay.
“I appreciate the hard work of the independent review board and the JPL-led team toward mission success,” said Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. “The lessons learned from Psyche will be implemented across our entire mission portfolio. I am excited about the science insights Psyche will provide during its lifetime and its promise to contribute to our understanding of our own planet’s core.”
The independent review board is still finalizing its report, which, along with NASA’s response, will be shared publicly once complete.
The mission team continues to complete testing of the spacecraft’s flight software in preparation for the 2023 launch date. The new flight profile is similar to the one originally planned for August 2022, using a Mars gravity assist in 2026 to send the spacecraft on its way to the asteroid Psyche. With an October 2023 launch date, the Psyche spacecraft will arrive at the asteroid in August 2029.
“I’m extremely proud of the Psyche team,” said JPL Director Laurie Leshin. “During this review, they have demonstrated significant progress already made toward the future launch date. I am confident in the plan moving forward and excited by the unique and important science this mission will return.”
NASA selected Psyche in 2017 to investigate a previously unexplored metal-rich asteroid of the same name. It is part of the agency’s Discovery Program, a line of low-cost, competitive missions led by a single principal investigator.
NASA continues to assess options for its Janus mission exploring twin binary asteroid systems, which was originally scheduled to launch on the same SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket as Psyche. NASA’s Deep Space Optical Communications technology demonstration, testing high-data-rate laser communications, is integrated into the Psyche spacecraft and will continue as planned on the new launch date.
Arizona State University leads the Psyche mission. JPL, which is managed for NASA by Caltech in Pasadena, California, is responsible for the mission’s overall management, system engineering, integration and test, and mission operations. Maxar Technologies in Palo Alto, California, is providing the high-power solar electric propulsion spacecraft chassis. NASA’s Launch Services Program, based at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, is managing the launch. Psyche is part of NASA’s Discovery Program, managed by the agency’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama.
For more information about the Psyche mission, visit:
IN 1922, EGYPTIAN EXCAVATORS LED BY HOWARD CARTER DISCOVERED THE TOMB OF TUTANKHAMUN, AN EGYPTIAN PHARAOH WHO WAS THE LAST OF HIS ROYAL FAMILY TO RULE DURING THE END OF THE 18TH DYNASTY.
Located in the Valley of the Kings on the west bank of the Nile opposite Thebes (modern Luxor), the tomb, KV62, was buried in mounds of debris from the cutting of KV9 for Pharaoh Ramesses V over 150 years after Tutankhamun’s death.
The discovery caused a media frenzy, revealing 5,398 items that included: a solid gold coffin, face mask, thrones, archery bows, trumpets, a lotus chalice, two Imiut fetishes, gold toe stalls, furniture, food, wine, sandals and fresh linen underwear.
Among the artefacts were a set of iron blades that resemble the PeseshKaf, a tool used in the “opening of the mouth ceremony,” a ritual performed for the deceased to enable them to breath, speak, eat and drink in the afterlife.
One of these blades is an iron dagger with an ornamental golden sheath, expertly produced by an ancient metalsmith.
The Howard Carter Archives describes the dagger as having a finely manufactured blade made from a homogeneous metal, while the handle is made of fine gold and is decorated with cloisonné and granulation work, ending with a pommel of rock crystal. On one side of the golden sheath is a floral lily motif, while on the other is a pattern of feathers terminating with a jackal’s head.
Examples in Egypt of contemporary smelting during the 18th Dynasty to produce Iron are very rare, and likely produced low-quality iron to be forged into precious objects. As the other blades found in the tomb are relatively crude, many scholars suggest that the ornamental dagger was imported to Egypt perhaps as a royal gift from a neighbouring territory or kingdom.
Diplomatic documents (the Amarna letters), that date from the 14th century BC mention royal gifts made of iron given to the pharaohs of Egypt from before Tutankhamun’s reign. Interestingly, one of these documents notes that Tushratta, King of Mitanni, sent iron objects to Amenhotep III (possibly Tutankhamun’s grandfather), which mentions iron blades in the lists.
Since the 1960’s, researchers suggested the nickel content in the blade was indicative of meteoric origin, with a more recent study in 2016 derived from an x-ray fluorescence spectrometer analysis, indicating that the blade’s composition is mainly iron (Fe), 10.8% nickel (Ni) and 0.58% cobalt (Co).
This study compared the blade composition to 11 meteorites of well-known compositions and 11 certified steel reference materials, concluding that the blade composition and homogeneity, closely correlates with meteorite composition and homogeneity from a source of extra-terrestrial origins.
This is further supported by a study published in February 2022, which conducted a non-destructive two-dimensional chemical analysis and suggests that the source meteorite of the blade is octahedrite, one of the most common structural classes of iron meteorites.
NASA’s new Glider Could Turn any Airport Into a Spaceport
NASA’s new Glider Could Turn any Airport Into a Spaceport
Getting to space has almost always been a multi-stage process. Those stages typically took the form of different stages of chemical rockets, but it doesn’t have to be that way. Plenty of alternative options have been proposed, and one that NASA has been working on for almost a decade is getting closer to commercialization. The project, known as the Towed-Glider Air Launch System (TGALS), uses three very different stages – a business jet, and glider, and two separate rockets – sort of. But its main advantage means that any airport large enough to host a business jet could also become a spaceport.
That’s a tempting proposition, as spaceport access is relatively limited. Few launch pads can support chemical rockets, such as those traditionally used in space launch systems. Most of those ports are dominated by giants of the industry – ULA and SpaceX own a combined six, which make up a large portion of privately operable spaceports in the US.
The prospect of opening up some of the 5,000 public airports for use as space launch sites is therefore tempting. To make that happen, though, a company can’t use standard chemical rockets. So why not use a plane? Or a glider? Or, better yet, both?
TGALS, developed at the Armstrong Flight Research Center in California, is indeed both – a business class jet that pulls a specially designed glider behind it for take-off and takes that glider up to about 12 km altitude. At that point, the glider disconnects from the plane. The jet then returns to the airfield.
After separating from the airplane, the glider is no longer a glider, as it uses a small rocket engine to angle itself upward. Upon reaching a reasonable angle, a full-blown chemical rocket is released from the glider’s underbelly and starts its own orbital burn. The glider, which is unmanned, is then guided back to the airfield it left from, ready for another go. The rocket itself isn’t reusable, but it is a relatively small cost of the overall system.
Another attraction of that system is that it could lower the cost of getting to orbit for relatively small payloads by around 40% since both the glider and business jet are reusable. Additionally, there aren’t any potentially explodable rockets anywhere near an aircraft with a human in it. In effect, if the glider or its rocket payload explodes in midair, the business jet towing it along, which has actual pilots in it, will most likely be fine.
TGALS will have plenty of competition – including fully reuseable space planes.
NASA originally released some promotional material for the system back in 2015 and has been slowly making progress on it for the past seven years, going so far as to launch a scale model of the system recently. In addition, it has garnered some commercial interest from a company called Fenix Space, also located in California, but they are currently seeking out more partners to help commercialize the system.
They might even be able to look “internally” – or at least to another part of the federal government. The Department of Defense has a long-running hypersonic test program, which TGALS might be able to integrate well with. Instead of tracking hypersonic missiles using a system of Global Hawk aircraft, the TGALS system could provide gliders that could deliver the same sort of telemetry data needed to conduct hypersonic research effectively.
Overall there’s lots of promise for this technology, but it will face plenty of competition. A similar system has already put some astronauts up to suborbital altitudes with Spaceship Two. The looming launch of Starship and other heavy launch vehicles could also put a dent in the commercial prospects of a somewhat cheaper launch system. But none of those new heavy lifters will be able to take off from a regular airport.
The Taurid meteor shower will treat skywatchers Halloween night when it unleashes a swarm of fireballs into the night sky just several days before it peaks later this week.
This shower is composed of two streams: The Southern Taurids which peak November 4 through November 5; and the Northern Taurids which peak between November 12 to November 13.
The Taurids have not been seen since 2015 and NASA predicts this year’s stream is teeming with glowing fireballs that will violently soar through the atmosphere.
The pair of meteor showers are active all night, with meteors from both events originating from the same region of the sky as the constellation Taurus, which sits north-west of Orion.
The meteors that will be visible tonight are called ‘Halloween fireballs’ and are best viewed around midnight.
The Taurids have not been seen since 2015 (pictured) and NASA predicts this year’s stream is teeming with glowing fireballs that will violently soar through the atmosphere
Each year, from the end of October, the skies play host to the meteor shower, dubbed 'nature's fireworks'.
The Taurids display is created by debris left behind by Encke's comet, named after the astronomer who discovered its annual trajectory in 1819.
Earth passes through part of the stream every year and the meteors appear as shooting stars in the sky every October in the southern hemisphere, and November in the north.
The dust associated with the comet hits the Earth’s atmosphere at 65,000 mph and burns up, creating the Taurid meteor shower.
Bill Cooke, lead for the NASA Meteoroid Environments Office, said in a statement: ‘The annual Taurid meteor shower is going on right now, and we are seeing steady activity in our meteor cameras.
The Taurid shower is composed of two streams: The Southern Taurids which peak November 4 through November 5; and the Northern Taurids which peak between November 12 to November 13.
Some fireballs have already appeared in over the night sky. Pictures are meteors over Liverpool
‘Individuals should not be surprised if they see a bright meteor or fireball over the next few nights.’
Taurid meteors can be seen any time the constellation Taurus is above the horizon during the months of September, October, and November.
The best time to look for Taurids is after midnight, when Taurus is high in the sky, and when the sky is dark and clear, with no moonlight to mask the fainter meteors.
Denis Vida, a meteor physics postdoctoral researcher, predicts there could be more than a 100 million asteroids in the Taurid stream that Earth is currently passing through.
The Taurid shower has been visible in different parts of the world, with images and videos showing falling fireballs over the UK and Czech Republic.
A study in 2017 proposed the Taurids meteor shower could hold cosmic fragments of ice and rock large enough to wipe out whole continents.
And one of these fragments could hit Earth in 2022, 2025, 2032 or 2039, researchers predict.
Researchers from the Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Science have been keeping track of these fragments.
They have found two asteroids, called 2015 TX24 and 2005 UR, which are part of a previously undiscovered branch of the Taurids' debris.
Earth passes through part of the stream every year and the meteors appear as shooting stars in the sky every October in the southern hemisphere, and November in the north. This image was taken over the UK
The Earth only passes through this potentially dangerous branch once every few years, causing greater numbers of shooting stars.
Future encounters are predicted for 2022, 2025, 2032 and 2039.
The space rocks measure 650 feet to 900 feet (200 to 300 meters) across and have been registered on the International Astronomical Union’s list of "potentially hazardous" asteroids.
But the Czech team is concerned that the hidden debris field may contain even larger objects.
Writing in a paper published on Arxiv, the study's authors said: 'Since asteroids of sizes of tens to hundreds meters pose a threat to the ground even if they are intrinsically weak, impact hazard increases significantly when the Earth encounters the Taurid new branch every few years.
Further studies leading to better description of this real source of potentially hazardous objects, which can be large enough to cause significant regional or even continental damage on the Earth, are therefore extremely important.’
Why 2022 may be a banner year for the November Taurid meteors.
One of the most notorious producers of fireball meteors could prove to be active this coming week. We’re talking about the Taurid Fireballs, produced by the complex Southern and Northern Taurid meteor stream. Sandwiched between the better known October Orionids and the November Leonids, the Taurids (sometimes referred to as the ‘Halloween Fireballs’) are a complex meteor shower worthy of scrutiny in early November.
The source of the Taurids is non-other than short-period comet 2P/Encke. Specifically, the southern swarm is from the comet, and the northern swarm is from asteroid 2004 TG10, suspected to be a fragment of Comet 2P. Comet 2P/Encke itself is a fascinating object. 2P/Encke has the shortest known orbital period of any known comet, at just 3.3 years. This captured visitor in the inner solar system also appears to be a remnant of an ancient fragmentation event, which occurred an estimated 10,000 to 20,000 years ago.
Comet Encke imaged from NASA’s Mercury MESSENGER spacecraft. Credit: NASA
Whatever the case, there are clearly some larger fragments present in the Taurid meteor stream, and some of these occasionally interact with the Earth and the Moon around this time of year. The June 30th, 1908 Tunguska event that occurred over the morning skies of Siberia is thought to have been caused by a fragment of Comet Encke, as a related meteor stream known as the Beta Taurids is active right around the same time of year.
The projected ‘Taurid Swarm’ interaction with the orbit of the Earth in 2022. Credit: IMO/David Clark.
Though we typically only see a paltry five meteors per hour from the Taurids on most years, 2022 could be different. The Taurid stream complex seems to be attenuated by a 7:2 resonance with the planet Jupiter, meaning the Earth encounters clumps of the meteor stream every 3 to 7 years. 2015 was a banner year for the Taurids… and 2022 may be another such year. Encke reaches perihelion again on October 22, 2023, and we won’t have another optimal encounter with the Taurid swarm until perhaps 2025, and after that (most likely) until 2032.
The north-south radiants for the stream straddle the Taurus-Aries border, and ride high to the south for northern hemisphere observers right around local midnight during the first week of November.
The radiant for the Taurid meteor streams. Credit: IMO/Stellarium.
2022 Prospects for the Taurids
First, the bad news: the Moon is going towards Full next week on November 8th, and will thus interfere with meteor observations. There are however, two plus factors working in the shower’s favor: 1). the shower produces an abnormally high ratio of negative magnitude fireballs; and 2). Said Full Moon also marks the last total lunar eclipse of 2022.
Early reports suggest that the Taurids are already active worldwide. In the case of a shower with such a broad activity period and a low Zenithal Hourly Rate (ZHR), I’d suggest simply being vigilant for any bright meteor that you happen to see or catch in a photo. If you can trace its path back to a radiant just west of the Pleiades and Aldebaran, it’s very likely that you saw a Taurid.
In 2022, the expected peak for the southern/northern Taurids arrives on November 5th and 12th, respectively. Keep in mind through: the peak for the Taurid meteor stream is pretty broad, spanning a week on either side of the expected peak.
It might even be worth keeping a sharp eye on the eclipsed Moon next week, for flashes from the Taurid meteor stream; seismic detectors left on the surface of the Moon by Apollo astronauts actually detected impacts from the stream back in 1975, another peak year for the Taurids. Next week’s total lunar eclipse is the final one for 2022, and favors the Pacific Rim region on the morning of November 8th.
Pow. A Taurid fireball, captured by a NASA all-sky camera. Credit: NASA.
We’ll have lots more to say about said lunar eclipse, coming right up here on Universe Today. In the meantime, keep watching the skies… you just never know, you might witness a testament to an ancient cosmic breakup, as a Taurid fireball slides silently by.
Lead image credit: An early Taurid meteor from October 25, 2022. Credit: Northern_Lights/Flickr
New classified UAP Report: Fifty Percent Unidentified?
New classified UAP Report: Fifty Percent Unidentified?
The Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) just released a classified version of the latest UAP report to selected members of Congress, something that has been covered by several mainstream sources.
While the report itself isn't available, there are expectations that it, or a 'declassified version' of it, will be made available soon. Meanwhile, the reporting that has covered this so far indicates it covers 366 UAP reports with "almost half" being unexplained.
As a commenter said: It’s clear that the intention is to obfuscate rather than reveal anything of interest. The only concession will be the increased percentage of unexplained phenomena. “Unexplained” will be used to justify minimal or no details.
EXCLUSIVE: Dramatic videos of UFOs over the Pacific are revealed, as expert pilots describe seeing bright lights moving in 'race track' circles over the summer - but say their employers told them to keep quiet
EXCLUSIVE: Dramatic videos of UFOs over the Pacific are revealed, as expert pilots describe seeing bright lights moving in 'race track' circles over the summer - but say their employers told them to keep quiet
Pilots claim they saw UFOs while flying on routes from Japan and Hawaii in August and September
Now captains and a former F-18 pilot describe to DailyMail.com seeing bright lights moving in elongated circles or 'race tracks' for hours high in the sky
The series of sightings were seen by dozens of pilots and captured on video and in air traffic control recordings
Witnesses tell DailyMail.com they are now being told by their employers to keep quiet about the sightings
Pilot Chris Van Voorhis said UFO sightings are quite common among pilots, 'Out of my pilot friends, at least 50% have seen some type of an anomaly'
Van Voorhis said his employer told him to 'cease and desist' even mentioning the incident in public, and that he feared his job could be at risk for reporting his sighting
A series of strange UFO incidents over the Pacific Ocean this summer were captured on video and in air traffic control recordings after sightings by dozens of pilots.
Experienced captains and one former F-18 pilot told DailyMail.com they saw bright lights moving in elongated circles or 'race tracks' for hours high in the sky while they flew on routes from Japan and Hawaii towards the US West Coast in August and September.
The incidents were reported to the FAA, and a researcher obtained dramatic audio of the pilots calling in the strange sightings to Los Angeles Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC).
Pilots also attempted to film from their cockpits the group of between three and five bright objects, which appeared to fly around in the area of the sky where the 'scoop' of the big dipper constellation sits.
Some of the witnesses told DailyMail.com they are now being told by their employers to keep quiet, and are calling for better reporting procedures for encounters with 'unidentified aerial phenomena' (UAPs).
A graphic shows the location and dates of the several reported UFO sightings, mainly in the Pacific Ocean, that occurred in August and September of this year
Pilot Chris Van Voorhis, 63, told DailyMail.com he saw between three and five objects, far brighter than the stars around them, fading in and out with no discernable pattern and moving in a 'race track' circular motion, while he was flying from Honolulu to Los Angeles in August
Two of the pilots can be heard in ARTCC recordings from August 18, obtained under the Freedom of Information Act by Ben Hansen, a former FBI agent and the host of Discovery+ show UFO Witness.
'We've got a few aircraft to our north here and he's going around in circles, much higher altitude than us. Any idea what they are?' Mark Hulsey, a pilot flying a Gulfstream charter jet off the Los Angeles coast radioed in.
'Uh, no, no I do not,' the baffled controller responded. 'You're not entering any [military] airspace or anything. I am not sure.'
Van Voorhis, who has been flying since he was 14 and has 32,000 hours experience, said the objects appeared to be in Earth's orbit or even further out in space
The pilot described seeing 'maybe three aircraft there,' then called ARTCC 23 minutes later, stating, 'there's now like seven of them,' and estimating that they were 'at least 5 or 10,000 feet above us.'
Asked to elaborate by the controller, the rattled Hulsey added: 'They just keep going in circles. I was an F-18 pilot in the Marine Corps, and I'm telling you, I've done many intercepts, I've never seen anything like this.'
At certain times of day satellites can reflect the sun and appear to pilots as bright lights in the sky. But the expert aviators say they believe the circular movement and duration of the sightings – some for hours – ruled out satellites.
Chris Van Voorhis, 63, told DailyMail.com he saw between three and five objects, far brighter than the stars around them, fading in and out with no discernable pattern and moving in a 'race track' circular motion, while he was flying from Honolulu to Los Angeles in August.
Van Voorhis, who has been flying since he was 14 and has 32,000 hours experience, said the objects appeared to be in Earth's orbit or even further out in space, given their continued position near to the big dipper constellation as he flew over the ocean for hours.
'The other airlines were saying, Hey, are you seeing what we're seeing?' the veteran pilot said.
'They were lights that would come on very bright, you would see them move, then they would go out.
'It had to be in a very, very high orbit, or actually even out in space quite a ways away from anything that a satellite would be, because every time we were seeing it, it was in the lower right hand corner of the Big Dipper, no matter where we were in the world.
'It lasted for such a long time that it actually became boring, almost.
'If it was [Elon Musk's satellite system] Starlink, or anything like that, then it's going to be moving in a linear fashion, and all of them will be moving in the same direction. These weren't. They were moving different directions.'
Van Voorhis said his employer, which DailyMail.com has chosen not to name, told him to 'cease and desist' even mentioning the incident in public, and that he feared his job could be at risk for reporting his sighting.
Gulfstream captain and former F-18 pilot Mark Hulsey's saw a UFO sighting on August 18 by Santa Catalina, an island off the LA coast
This image shows the brightness of the UFO compared to the three circled stars, which are much dimmer
Two UFOs (also called UAPS - unidentified aerial phenomena) are seen in this photo, grabbed from a video of the encounter
Hansen has collected accounts of pilots for Southwest Airlines, Hawaiian Airlines and others between August 6 and September 23 who say they saw the same lights in the sky as Van Voorhis.
'Many of these pilots are very confident that the lights were not just going in one direction, but in both directions, which is very unusual for satellites.
'In Mark's case they would go from the north and then actually go above his craft, where he had to crane his neck to see them from the canopy.
'It was seen by upwards of 15 different commercial flights. And at least six pilots are willing to go on record with their names and everything if asked to do so by any investigative agencies.
'In this case, we have a global phenomena from as far west as Japan, to as far east as possibly Miami. Whatever it is, pilots are seeing it from halfway across the world.'
But Hansen said there is currently no proper process for reporting such sightings – even of strange objects that could pose a threat to the safety of commercial airlines.
'Civilian pilots do not have a structured, robust process that is publicly provided to them where they can report UAPs,' he told DailyMail.com.
'The reason the pilots don't report primarily is because they don't think the FAA will follow up, or worse they will be ridiculed.'
An FAA spokesman told DailyMail.com: 'The Federal Aviation Administration documents Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon (UAP) sightings whenever a pilot reports one to an air traffic control facility.
'If the pilot report can be corroborated with supporting information such as radar data, it is shared with the UAP Task Force' – a Defense Department unit that investigates UFOs, now officially called the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office.
A 2021 Director of National Intelligence report warned that 'UAP threaten flight safety and, possibly, national security,' due to 11 near misses between naval aviators and unknown objects.
Van Voorhis' said UFO sightings are quite common among pilots.
'Out of my pilot friends, at least 50% have seen some type of an anomaly,' he said.
Two of the pilots can be heard in ARTCC recordings from August 18. 'We've got a few aircraft to our north here and he's going around in circles, much higher altitude than us. Any idea what they are?' Mark Hulsey radioed in
'Uh, no, no I do not,' the baffled controller responded. 'You're not entering any [military] airspace or anything. I am not sure'
The incidents were reported to the FAA, and a researcher obtained dramatic audio of the pilots calling in the strange sightings to Los Angeles Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)
His August sighting was not his first. In February 2004 while flying for Japanese airline Jalways he said he and another plane's crew saw three 'disks' descend from outside the atmosphere, 'stop' mid air, then suddenly pivot 30 degrees while keeping their triangular formation and shoot off beyond the horizon at thousands of miles per hour.
'I was coming back from Japan to Honolulu. We were at 39,000 feet coming across the Pacific Ocean. It was 5:30 in the morning, local time. Something caught my eye off the left hand side of the aircraft. There were three large discs,' he said.
'They were high enough up in the atmosphere to be reflecting the light from the sun which wasn't up yet.
'They came in a triangular formation and stopped. They turned in formation, they didn't bank or anything like that, nothing aerodynamic, they just pivoted. And then they took off over the horizon.
'It wasn't like they accelerated. They were just at speed and gone over the horizon. The whole thing took about 15 seconds.
'The aircraft in front of us saw it too. They said 'are you going to tell anybody?' and we said 'no'.'
Gulfstream captain and former F-18 pilot Hulsey's August 18 UFO sighting was by Santa Catalina, an island off the LA coast.
Famously, US Navy aviators from the aircraft carrier USS Nimitz chased a 'tic tac'-shaped UFO near Santa Catalina Island in 2004.
The tic tac evaded Top Gun ace Commander David Fravor, maneuvering and accelerating in ways which seemed to defy the laws of physics. It then disappeared before astonishingly reappearing 40 miles away in less than one minute, at the aviator's CAP point, a rendezvous location only known by the pilot and his commander.
In July 2019, in the same area, multiple strange objects harassed US naval warships over several days.
The Pentagon claimed they were drones, but could not confirm the origin nor the operators of the craft. A source close to the investigation of the incident told DailyMail.com that a nearby Chinese cargo ship named Bass Strait, thought to be the culprit, was searched with no signs of drones.
Dramatic videos of UFOs over the Pacific ocean revealed
Dramatic videos of UFOs over the Pacific ocean revealed
Pilots saw glowing lights in the sky over Pacific in the summer. Their employers then told them to keep quiet.
Some pilots said they spotted the UFOs while flying over Hawaii and Japan in August and September. They described seeing glowing lights in the sky that moved in elongated circles.
Numerous pilots have reported seeing the UFOs on video and in control recordings. According to reports, their employers have told them to keep quiet about their sightings.
According to Chris Van Voorhis, a pilot, about 50% of his fellow pilots have spotted some type of UFO. He said his employer told him to keep quiet about his experience, and he feared that his job might be endangered if he talked about it.
Pentagon says it has SOLVED a number of famous UFO sightings - but admits there are many that still have no explanation
Pentagon says it has SOLVED a number of famous UFO sightings - but admits there are many that still have no explanation
The majority of UFO sightings are likely the result of foreign spying, airborne trash or simply optical illusions governmental officials have said
US officials have solved many recent UFO mysteries, the New York Times reports
Most recent unidentified aerial phenomena have been explained as to trash in the sky or foreign surveillance activity, such as Chinese drones
But the Pentagon keeps most of its conclusions on foreign surveillance secret so as not to reveal to China that it is aware of their spying activities
Some older incidents remain officially unexplained simply because there is not enough data to make a final conclusion
During public hearings in May, the Navy revealed 400 'unidentified aerial phenomenon' reports in recent years
Intelligence report last year revealed U.S. government had encountered more than 140 unidentified aerial phenomena since 2004 and could not explain them
Government officials say they believe almost all UFO sightings or 'unidentified aerial phenomenon' as they are referred to officially can be explained as either surveillance operations by foreign powers, weather balloons or other airborne clutter.
The U.S. government has spent decades deflecting, debunking and discrediting observations of unidentified flying objects, or UFOs, dating back to the 1940s.
The term UFOs, long associated with notions of flying saucers and alien spacecraft, has been replaced in official government parlance by 'UAP.'
The sightings have puzzled the Pentagon and intelligence agencies for years leading to theories about visiting space aliens and spying by hostile nations using advanced technology.
The Pentagon released three videos of UFOs taken by Navy pilots to 'clear up misconceptions'
Sensors have caused ordinary objects such as drones or balloons, to appear to be something unusual
In a video known as 'gimbal' - an object that appears to be turning or spinning but officials believe it is the optics of the classified image sensor that is distorting the image
But officials say many of the incidents actually far more ordinary explanations.
Earlier this year, the Pentagon explained the previously released video of green triangles that looked like alien spacecraft were simply drones photographed through night-vision lenses.
Military officials did not provide details as to when or where the images were taken but say they are examples of an attempt to conduct surveillance on military maneuvers.
In another video, known as GoFast, an object appears to be moving at incredible speed.
The military say it is in fact an optical illusion created by the angle from which the object was observed against the water.
A hearing in May revealed videos showing 144 'unidentified aerial phenomena' seen by military personnel since 2004. One clip was taken from a Navy cockpit in a training area and shows a spherical object floating by the aircraft
Another shot of the unidentified spherical object can be seen whizzing past a military aircraft
The Pentagon say that in reality, the object was only moving at about 30mph.
In a video named Gimbal, an object looks to be turning or spinning.
Again, the military say that the optics of the classified image sensor which is supposed to help target weapons makes the object look as though it is moving in a strange way.
Some videos continue to remain puzzling such as one where an object can be seen hovering over the water before jumping erratically and peeling away.
If not able to provide a concrete determination, officials are still confident the technology is not alien.
The Pentagon explained the previously released video of green triangles that looked like alien spacecraft were simply drones photographed through night-vision lenses
The green pyramids have been explained as drones, despite moving in ways different from other previously seen aircraft
Military officials have said there is no evidence the images show visitors from other planets. The comments are often either ignored by lawmakers or played down in the news media or ignored by lawmakers.
In May, Pentagon officials testified under oath that the government had not collected materials from any alien landing on Earth.
Senior defense and intelligence officials testified before Congress five months ago with a list of cataloged UAP sightings that had grown to 400 with many seemingly remaining beyond explanation.
Among them are video released by the Pentagon of enigmatic airborne objects exhibiting speed and maneuverability exceeding known aviation technology and lacking any visible means of propulsion or flight-control surfaces.
A classified document is set to be delivered by intelligence agencies to Congress by Monday.
The report is expected to update one which was made public in 2021 that declared nearly all of the 144 incidents between 2004 and 2021 that were reported by U.S. government sources to be unexplained.
The Navy released the now infamous videos shot by its pilots that depicted some type of unidentified high-tech aircraft moving in ways that seemed impossible
But now some of the incidents have been formally attributed to Chinese surveillance using drone technology.
Other sightings are also being connected to China with one suggestion being how Beijing stole plans for advanced fighter planes.
Nevertheless, the majority of the information regarding the unidentified phenomena will remain classified with Pentagon officials keeping most of the work secret.
They say secrecy is required in order to prevent China from finding out that the American military was able to detect spying by the Chinese - but such secrecy only allow conspiracy theories to flourish.
'The Pentagon must balance openness with its obligation to protect sensitive information, sources and methods,' said Sue Gough, a Defense Department spokeswoman to the New York Times.
'We are collecting as much data as we can, following the data where it leads and will share our findings whenever possible,' she said.
Gough said that there was no single explanation that would solve the majority of unidentified aerial phenomenon reports.
In man of the recent cases that have been resolved, some were simply junk in the sky of weather balloons.
Optical illusions can also cause everyday objects such as drones or balloons, to appear to be something out of the ordinary making them appear to move faster than normal.
A number of older incidents still remain unexplained with too little data or evidence from devices such as cameras or radar for any final conclusion to be reached.
'In many cases, observed phenomena are classified as 'unidentified' simply because sensors were not able to collect enough information to make a positive attribution,' Gough said.
'We are working to mitigate these shortfalls for the future and to ensure we have sufficient data for our analysis.'
Last year's testimony before congress suggested the sightings could be human generated 'airborne clutter', like escaped balloons or plastic bags, or the result of natural phenomena caused by ice crystals, moisture or heat.
The report admitted they had no evidence to either suggest or rule out alien origin.
It stated: 'UAP would also represent a national security challenge if they are foreign adversary collection platforms or provide evidence a potential adversary has developed either a breakthrough or disruptive technology.'
However, it also stated the observations 'could be the result of sensor errors, spoofing, or observer misperception and require additional rigorous analysis.'
Ronald Moultrie, the Pentagon's top intelligence official, and Scott Bray, the deputy director of naval intelligence, testified before the panel.
This image shows the brightness of the UFO compared to the three circled stars, which are much dimmer
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Two UFOs (also called UAPS - unidentified aerial phenomena) are seen in this photo, grabbed from a video of the encounter
Moultrie said the Pentagon has not ruled out the possibility that these incidents could be connected to extraterrestrial life.
'There are elements of our government engaged in ... looking for extraterrestrial life,' Moultrie said. 'Our goal is not to potentially cover up something, it's to understand what's maybe out there.'
However, Bray said that officials have encountered no evidence to suggest the UAEs are of extra-terrestrial origin. 'We'll go wherever the data takes us,' he said.
'We have eliminated the stigma,' added Bray.
'We are all curious and we seek to understand the unknown. And as a lifelong intelligence professional, I'm impatient. I want immediate explanations for this as much as anyone else. However, understanding can take significant time and effort. It's why we've endeavored to concentrate on this data driven process to derive fact based results,' Bray said.
'We want to know what's out there as much as you do,' Moultrie said, adding that he was a fan of science fiction.
'Yes, I have followed science fiction. I have gone to conventions, I'll say it on the record. ... There's nothing wrong with that. Don't necessarily dress up.'
A brief history of the Pentagon's study of UFOs: 1947 to now
A report of a 'flying saucer' over U.S. airspace in 1947 launched a mass hysteria over unidentified foreign objects that sparked federal investigation into the matter.
That year search-and-rescue pilot named Kenneth Arnold reported nine 'saucer-like things...flying like geese in a diagonal chainlike line' at speeds exceeding 1,000 m.p.h. near Mount Rainier in Washington State.
Within weeks, 'flying saucer' sightings were reported in 40 other states.
On July 19, 1952, air traffic controller Edward Nugent at Washington National Airport detected seven slow-moving objects on his radar screen, and he joked to his boss: 'Here's a fleet of flying saucers for you.'
Before the end of the night, a pilot reported seeing similar unexplained objects, and radar picked up the objects at two local Air Force bases -- Andrews and Bolling. As radar blips showed the objects in restricted air space over the Capitol and the White House, two Air Force F-94 jets scoured Washington, searching for flying saucers. As soon as the F-94s cruised into the area, the blips disappeared from the radar, and they found nothing and returned to base. As soon as they left, the blips reappeared on the radar, according to the Washington Post.
The late 1940s and early 1950s prompted a mass hysteria of 'flying saucer' UFO sightings. This Nov. 23, 1951 photo from Riverside, Calif. was taken by Guy Marquand, who claimed that he and two friends saw the object fly past at a very high rate of speed, and when it came back, he had his camera ready to make the pictur
Newspaper cartoon drawing of 'flying saucer' objects, after blips appeared on the radar over the Capitol
In 1966, a string of unidentified aerial phenomena in Massachusetts and New Hampshire prompted the House Committee on Armed Services to hold a congressional hearing on the matter.
Following hearings, Congress established the Condon Committee, a group at the University of Colorado funded by the U.S. Air Force from 1966 to 1968 to research unidentified aerial phenomena.
The Committee eventually became mired in controversy, and some members charged director Edward Condon with bias. In the end the Condon Committee determined there was nothing extraordinary about UFOs, and that further research was unlikely to yield results.
At the same time, the Air Force was running Project Blue Book, a UFO study done by the U.S. Air Force that ran from 1952 to 1969.
By the time Project Bluebook ended, it had collected 12,618 UFO reports but concluded that most of them were misidentified natural phenomena, such as stars, clouds or planes and found that most UFO incidents were a) not a threat to national security b) there was no evidence that such 'unidentified' sightings represented technological developments beyond modern science from across the globe.
Still, 701 of the reports remain 'unidentified,' despite detailed analysis.
With the findings of the Condon Committee, Sec. of the Air Force Robert Seamans brought Project Bluebook to a close because further funding 'cannot be justified either on the grounds of national security or in the interest of science.'
The Air Force has long said it is unlikely to take up any formal study of UFOs again, blaming budget constraints.
However in 2017 it was revealed that the Air Force underwent a new secret UFO study Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP), funded at $22 million from 2007 to 2012.
The discovery of an Egyptian tomb built with coral
The discovery of an Egyptian tomb built with coral
Archaeologists digging at a Red Sea trading port have uncovered a lavish tomb dated between the fourth and fifth centuries. Its walls and floor are made of white coral, highly unusual for Egypt at that period.
In collaboration with the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, a Polish-American archaeological team led by Steven E. Sidebotham of the University of Delaware, and Mariusz Gwiazda of the Polish Center for Mediterranean Archeology at the University of Warsaw, excavated an ancient port city located on the shores of the Red Sea in 2008.
Located in the eastern desert of Egypt at the Berenice Troglodytica site, it was originally founded by Ptolemy II in the third century BC.
According to the researchers, the project’s objective was to study the community that lived in this settlement after the Roman period, between the fourth and sixth centuries AD.
They were discovered to be the Blemmyes, nomadic people who inhabited the eastern desert from the current border between Egypt and Sudan.
Although the Romans no longer dominated the region, the Blemmyes apparently continued carrying out a great commercial activity over long distances (trade routes connected the Indian Ocean, East Africa, and Byzantium), with which the port of Berenice continued to be important.
Coral walls and floors
At the end of the last archaeological campaign, the researchers made the results public. Among the findings, the discovery of a monumental tomb with walls and floors made of high-quality white coral stands out.
This new discovery is the first explicit example of social differentiation in a little-recognized phase of the City’s occupation in the fourth-fifth centuries of our era.
The equipment and the shape of the burials are unique in all the east of Egypt.
“The use of plaster with corals as a building material is unique in the architecture of this period and was recorded for the first time in Berenice,” says Gwiazda, who also points out that the selection of the coral fragments must have been very carefully placed and would have taken a long time; something that surely increased the cost of construction, suggesting that members of the City’s elite were buried here.
The tomb is a rectangular space that measures five meters long. Inside, several communal burials were found endowed with rich grave goods of more than seven hundred necklace beads (some made with materials from South Asia), rings, silver earrings, and ivory bracelets.
The archaeologists also found wine amphorae, ceramic containers to hold water, incense burners (one of them beautifully made of stone in the shape of a lion’s head), and bowls.
All this is very possibly related to funerary rituals. For their part, the bodies of the people buried there were arranged in stone coffins located next to the walls and placed in a fetal position, possibly to gain space.
One of the aspects that most interests archaeologists excavating in Berenice is studying the different funerary customs that took place here, making the discovery of this tomb of enormous importance.
The team also plans to carry out various paleoanthropological analyzes of the human remains from multiple tombs in the town.
This will allow researchers to better understand the rituals and traditions related to the funerary world, as well as shed light on the diversity of the population of Berenice during the late ancient period.
Source: Carme Mayans, National Geographic
Set of ritual objects found inside the great tomb discovered in Berenice.
Fragments of white corals used in the construction of the tomb floor.
Censer in the form of a lion’s head discovered in the tomb of Berenice.
Strung green colored glass beads found in the excavated tomb at Berenice Troglodytica.
Panoramic view of the monumental tomb excavated by archaeologists at Berenice Troglodytica
SCIENTISTS PUZZLED BECAUSE JAMES WEBB IS SEEING STUFF THAT SHOULDN'T BE THERE
SCIENTISTS PUZZLED BECAUSE JAMES WEBB IS SEEING STUFF THAT SHOULDN'T BE THERE
"THE MODELS JUST DON'T PREDICT THIS..."
NASA
Snap Shot
Over the past several weeks, NASA's ultra-powerful James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has allowed humankind some unprecedented glimpses into the farthest reaches of our universe. And unsurprisingly, some of these dazzling new observations have raised more questions than they've answered.
For a long time, for instance, scientists believed the universe's earliest, oldest galaxies to be small, slightly chaotic, and misshapen systems. But according to the Washington Post, JWST-captured imagery has revealed those galaxies to be shockingly massive, not to mention balanced and well-formed — a finding that challenges, and will likely rewrite, long-held understandings about the origins of our universe."The models just don't predict this," Garth Illingworth, an astronomer at the University of California at Santa Cruz, toldWaPo. "How do you do this in the universe at such an early time? How do you form so many stars so quickly?"
Move Over, Hubble
As WaPo explains, older images of the universe — as captured by the recently dethroned Hubble Space Telescope — seemingly confirmed the widespread belief that early galaxies were chaotic, haphazard places. The JWST, however, appears to show that those findings were an illusion based on that Hubble's limited capabilities.
"We thought the early universe was this chaotic place where there's all these clumps of star formation, and things are all a-jumble," the Space Telescope Science Institute's Dan Coe told WaPo, adding later that, before the JWST was launched into orbit, Hubble's imagery was "missing all the colder stars and the older stars. We were really only seeing the hot young ones."
Time Machine
While these findings have taken the scientific community by surprise, they're not at all a cause for alarm. Major technological advancements, in astronomy and beyond, have a long history of leading to periods of large-scale scientific discovery. Right now, it really feels like we're in one of those watershed moments, and the discoveries made today may well lay the foundation for future breakthroughs, even if they're decades down the line.
And really, discoveries like this mean that the JWST is doing exactly what scientists want it to do — it's revealing new, exciting stuff about our mind-bogglingly expansive universe, answering old questions and asking new ones along the way.
What is the most spook-tacular nebula in the galaxy? One contender is LDN 43, which bears an astonishing resemblance to a vast cosmic bat flying amongst the stars on a dark Halloween night. Located about 1400 light years away in the constellation Ophiuchus, this molecular cloud is dense enough to block light not only from background stars, but from wisps of gas lit up by the nearby reflection nebula LBN 7. Far from being a harbinger of death, this 12-light year-long filament of gas and dust is actually a stellar nursery. Glowing with eerie light, the bat is lit up from inside by dense gaseous knots that have just formed young stars.
Image Credit & Copyright: Mark Hanson and Mike Selby; Text: Michelle Thaller (NASA's GSFC)
Layers of gas and dust are the centerpiece of this view of the Pillars of Creation taken by Webb’s Mid-Infrared Instrument. Thousands of stars exist in this region – 6,500 light-years from Earth – but are not visible in the image since stars typically do not emit much mid-infrared light.
Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI; Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Alyssa Pagan (STScI)
The observatory’s Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) provides a different view of the famous pillars, revealing young stars that have not yet cast off their dusty “cloaks.”
This is not an ethereal landscape of time-forgotten tombs. Nor are these soot-tinged fingers reaching out. These pillars, flush with gas and dust, enshroud stars that are slowly forming over many millennia. NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has snapped this eerie, extremely dusty view of the Pillars of Creation in mid-infrared light – showing us a new view of a familiar landscape.
Why does mid-infrared light set such a somber, chilling mood in Webb’s Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) image? Interstellar dust cloaks the scene. And while mid-infrared light specializes in detailing where dust is, the stars aren’t bright enough at these wavelengths to appear. Instead, these looming, leaden-hued pillars of gas and dust gleam at their edges, hinting at the activity within.
Thousands and thousands of stars have formed in this region. This is made plain when examining Webb’s recent Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) image. In MIRI’s view, the majority of the stars appear missing. Why? Many newly formed stars are no longer surrounded by enough dust to be detected in mid-infrared light. Instead, MIRI observes young stars that have not yet cast off their dusty “cloaks.” These are the crimson orbs toward the fringes of the pillars. In contrast, the blue stars that dot the scene are aging, which means they have shed most of their layers of gas and dust.
Mid-infrared light excels at observing gas and dust in extreme detail. This is also unmistakable throughout the background. The densest areas of dust are the darkest shades of gray. The red region toward the top, which forms an uncanny V, like an owl with outstretched wings, is where the dust is diffuse and cooler. Notice that no background galaxies make an appearance – the interstellar medium in the densest part of the Milky Way’s disk is too swollen with gas and dust to allow their distant light to penetrate.
How vast is this landscape? Trace the topmost pillar, landing on the bright red star jutting out of its lower edge like a broomstick. This star and its dusty shroud are larger than the size of our entire solar system.
This scene was first captured by NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope in 1995 and revisited in 2014, but many other observatories, like NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope, have also gazed deeply at the Pillars of Creation. With every observation, astronomers gain new information, and through their ongoing research build a deeper understanding of this star-forming region. Each wavelength of light and advanced instrument delivers far more precise counts of the gas, dust, and stars, which inform researchers’ models of how stars form. As a result of the new MIRI image, astronomers now have higher-resolution data in mid-infrared light than ever before, and will analyze its far more precise dust measurements to create a more complete 3D landscape of this distant region.
The Pillars of Creation is set within the vast Eagle Nebula, which lies 6,500 light-years away.
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s mid-infrared view of the Pillars of Creation strikes a chilling tone. Thousands of stars that exist in this region seem to disappear, since stars typically do not emit much mid-infrared light, and seemingly endless layers of gas and dust become the centerpiece. The detection of dust by Webb’s Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) is extremely important – dust is a major ingredient for star formation.
More About the Mission
The James Webb Space Telescope is the world’s premier space science observatory. Webb will solve mysteries in our solar system, look beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probe the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and CSA (Canadian Space Agency).
MIRI was developed through a 50-50 partnership between NASA and ESA. NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory led the U.S. efforts for MIRI, and a multinational consortium of European astronomical institutes contributed for ESA. George Rieke with the University of Arizona is the MIRI U.S. science team lead. Gillian Wright with the UK Astronomy Technology Centre is the MIRI European principal investigator. Alistair Glasse with UK ATC is the MIRI instrument scientist, and Michael Ressler is the U.S. project scientist at JPL. Laszlo Tamas with UK ATC manages the European Consortium. The MIRI cryocooler development was led and managed by JPL, in collaboration with NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and Northrop Grumman in Redondo Beach, California. Caltech manages JPL for NASA.
For more information about the Webb mission, visit:
BRITTEN HEBBEN TOTAAL VERSCHILLENDE VOOROUDERS BLIJKT UIT 15.000 JAAR OUD DNA UIT GROTTEN
BRITTEN HEBBEN TOTAAL VERSCHILLENDE VOOROUDERS BLIJKT UIT 15.000 JAAR OUD DNA UIT GROTTEN
Jeannette Kras
Het oudste menselijke DNA ooit gevonden in Groot-Brittannië vertelt het verhaal van twee verschillende bevolkingsgroepen die naar het eiland zijn gemigreerd aan het einde van de laatste ijstijd.
Duizenden jaar oud genetisch materiaal uit de overblijfselen van een vrouw – gevonden in de Gough’s Cave in Zuidwest-Engeland – en de genetische resten van een man – gevonden in de Kendrick’s Cave in Wales – zijn geanalyseerd door wetenschappers. De vrouw leefde ongeveer 14.900 jaar geleden en de man zo’n duizend jaar na haar. Dit was een periode waarin de temperaturen eindelijk begonnen te stijgen na een lange, steenkoude ijstijd. Schaars begroeide toendra veranderde in open dennenbos en de eerste moderne mensen verschenen op het toneel, net als in Nederland en de rest van Europa het geval was.
DNA uit de steentijd Het archeologische team van de Britse University of Oxford ontdekte dat deze twee oer-Britten totaal verschillende genetische voorouders hadden. Het lijkt er dus sterk op dat er lang geleden, binnen een tijdsbestek van duizend jaar, twee genetisch zeer verschillende groepen mensen in Groot-Brittannië rondliepen. Dat is niet uniek: er zijn meer zogenaamde ‘duale voorouder’-patronen in Europa vastgesteld in de loop der tijd.
Bedekt met ijskappen De conclusie van de studie die in vakblad Nature Ecology & Evolution verscheen, is dat verschillende bevolkingsgroepen tegen het einde van de laatste ijstijd naar Groot-Brittannië zijn gemigreerd, voorafgaand aan het Holoceen, dat 11.700 jaar geleden begon. Zij waren niet de eerste menselijke bewoners van de eilanden, maar vanwege de barre omstandigheden – een groot deel van het Britse grondgebied was bedekt met landijs en dus onbewoonbaar – was de bevolkingsdichtheid erg laag.
Reislustige Belg en Italiaan De onderzoekers analyseerden de DNA-strengen uit de eeuwenoude overblijfselen en combineerden die met een analyse van de leefomgeving en cultuurkenmerken op de beide vindlocaties. De vrouw uit de Gough’s Cave bleek veel genetische kenmerken te delen met de zogenaamde Goyet Q2-persoon, die ongeveer 15.000 jaar geleden in België leefde. Je zou dan verwachten dat de man uit de Kendrick’s Cave – circa 150 kilometer noordelijker – dezelfde voorouders zou hebben, maar niets is minder waar. De stokoude voorouder van de hedendaagse Welshman is genetisch verwant aan het Villabruna-individu, dat zo’n 14.000 jaar geleden in Italië rondliep.
‘Dual ancestry’ Dit geeft aan dat er twee genetisch verschillende groepen in Groot-Brittannië leefden binnen duizend jaar van elkaar. Dit ‘duale voorouder’-patroon kwam op meer plekken voor in Europa tijdens het late Pleistoceen. Verder archeologisch onderzoek en isotopenanalyse bracht nog meer verschillen aan het licht tussen de beide personen en zorgde zo voor aanvullend bewijs. Op cultuurgebied, wat betreft het dieet en hun begrafenisrituelen gaven ze een duidelijk andere invulling aan hun leven.
Opbouwende kritiek Professor en vroege prehistorie-expert Chantel Conneller geeft in een reactie aan blij te zijn met de studie en de bevindingen die eruit voortkomen met interesse te hebben gelezen, maar waarschuwt voor het trekken van al te snelle conclusies. De simplistische correlaties tussen genetische kenmerken, sociale groepen en archeologische culturen zijn volgens haar niet zaligmakend.
Paleoarcheologie-data zijn schaars Ze schrijft: “De paleolithische archeologie met zijn relatief onnauwkeurige tijdsaanduidingen en kleine datasets is bijzonder kwetsbaar voor foutieve claims van synchroniciteit. Het is goed mogelijk dat de migraties van verschillende bevolkingsgroepen in werkelijkheid toch langer of korter uit elkaar heeft gelegen. Hetzelfde geldt voor de veranderingen in cultuur, dieet enzovoort. We kunnen er als archeoloog zomaar honderden of zelfs duizenden jaren naast zitten. Verhalen over de oorsprong van volkeren zijn buitengewoon krachtig en hebben bijna altijd een politieke lading.”
Juist daarom maant ze tot voorzichtigheid. Het ontstaan van verschillende volkeren in bepaalde regio’s en waar zij heen zijn getrokken, ligt niet zelden gevoelig. Toch blijft het bijzonder dat er twee genetisch zulke verschillende mensen zijn aangetroffen in Groot-Brittannië.
Wetenschappers zetten magnetisch veld rondom aarde om in geluid: zo (huiveringwekkend) klinkt dat
Wetenschappers van de Universiteit van Denemarken zijn erin geslaagd om het magnetische veld rondom de aarde in geluid om te zetten. Het geluid - dat je hieronder kunt beluisteren - lijkt uit een horrorfilm te komen.
Het magnetische veld rondom de aarde beschermt ons als een schild tegen kosmische straling en geladen deeltjes uit de ruimte, ook wel zonnewind genoemd. Wanneer de zonnewind botst met atomen en moleculen, zoals zuurstof en stikstof, worden die botsingen omgezet in een groenblauw licht. Ook wel bekend als het noorderlicht, of auroris borealis. Dit noorderlicht is dus een visuele weergave van alle geladen deeltjes die botsen met het aardmagnetische veld.
De Swarm-satellieten van het Europees Ruimteagentschap (ESA), die in 2013 werden gelanceerd, konden de magnetische signalen meten. Dat magnetisch veld klinkt zeer eng. “Voor iets dat ons beschermt, is het geluid behoorlijk angstaanjagend”, klinkt het bij ESA. Het fragment kun je hier:
Wie dit weekend een bezoekje bracht aan het Solbjergplein in Kopenhagen, kon het bijzondere geluid door meer dan dertig luidsprekers beluisteren. Wetenschappers werkten hiervoor samen met musicus en projectondersteuner Klaus Nielsen, die het “een lonende oefening in het samenbrengen van kunst en wetenschap” noemt.
“We hebben het systeem zo opgezet dat elke luidspreker een andere plaats op aarde voorstelt”, zegt de projectleider. “Dit laat zien hoe ons magnetisch veld de afgelopen 100.000 jaar heeft bewogen.”
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Sacramento UFO Sighting – YESTERDAY
Sacramento UFO Sighting – YESTERDAY
This UFO sighting video was filmed over Sacramento, California on 30th October 2022.
Witness report:
On October 30 of 2022 around 5:30PM PST, I observed an conical shaped object that had moved from the north east direction to the south east direction From my point of view. I’ve taken three videos with my own phone, which is an iPhone 13. myself, my mother and my father had observed the object for roughly 35 to 40 minutes. during that time we had taken some digital videos of the object, the number of videos we took are roughly 5 videos, and all I took three videos in my father, took two.
My mother was also a witness. During that 30 minute observation, the object moved in a straight path, but at times would move south, then move in a move again in a northernly direction. We had used my father‘s phone, which was an android phone. He was able to zoom in on the object during one of the videos, and the object looked to be like a con, but at first it looks like it was an elliptical shape, but had later on taken on the shape of a cone, it had one light at the rear of the cone and one light on the bottom of the cone.
There was also a commercial airliner that had passed from Southwest to Northeast toward that object. I’m pretty sure they may have seen it too. I have 5 videos in all if MUFON needs them, I’ve uploaded some small clips here as the original files are high definition and probably to large to upload using the site’s attachment methods?
In Greek mythology, Cassandra is endowed with the gift of prophesy. But Cassandra is also cursed; her prophesies are never to be believed.
As former White House counterterrorism czar Richard Clarke writes in “Warnings: Finding Cassandras to Stop Catastrophes,” modern-day “Cassandras” – experts who sound the alarm over catastrophic or paradigm-shifting events – are often ignored.
Clarke, who served in the Reagan, Clinton and both Bush administrations, is all too familiar with this phenomenon. Like the engineer who foresaw the space shuttle Challenger catastrophe, the lone intelligence analyst who warned of Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait, the Louisiana State University professor who issued dire predictions years before Hurricane Katrina and the “outsiders” who foresaw the 2008 financial collapse, Clarke’s desperate warnings of an impending terrorist attack fell on deaf ears before Sept. 11, 2001.
Writing in 2017, Clarke is prescient about the risks of a global infectious disease outbreak.
Shortly after “Warnings” was published, a stunning exposé of U.S. government efforts to investigate unidentified flying objects appeared in the New York Times. An accompanying article paints a vivid portrait of an extraordinary, multi-witness UFO encounter off the coast of southern California. A follow-on piece describes naval aviators’ frequent observations – corroborated by multiple sensors – of unknown objects exhibiting seemingly highly advanced technology.
Critically, officials have high confidence that secret U.S. aircraft or experimental technologies are not responsible for these perplexing encounters. At the same time, analysts have no evidence that a foreign power is behind hundreds of UFO reports.
At this point, any intelligence analyst worth his salt should sound the alarm about the UFO phenomenon. And if policymakers are, in fact, receiving such warnings, Cassandra’s curse appears to be alive and well.
As Clarke writes in “Warnings,”“agenda inertia” – when too many issues compete for attention – is one of many factors that keep decisionmakers from acting on dire warnings from experts.
Air Force Secretary Frank Kendall demonstrated this phenomenon recently, saying that he does not focus on UFOs because there are “a lot of known threats out there that we’re working very hard to protect the [U.S.] against. I’d like to focus on those.” (Sec. Kendall did also say, “I think we should take the [UFO] phenomenon seriously” and called for “real technical investigation of what they are.”)
Beyond “agenda inertia,” Sec. Kendall’s comments highlight the core challenge posed by the UFO conundrum.
Congress is demanding that the Department of Defense and the intelligence community – entities laser-focused on national security threats – conduct a sweeping, thorough investigation of UFOs. But in a world teeming with threats, defense and intelligence agencies will always focus limited resources on well-defined risks. As Kendall notes, UFOs do not fall into this category.
This mismatch between organizational priorities (mitigating threats) and the nature of the UFO phenomenon (no unambiguous threat) likely lies at the root of Congress’s palpable frustration and “disappointment” with the government’s slow progress on resolving the UFO problem. (Importantly, NASA, an organization focused on science, rather than threats, is proceeding “full force” on an unprecedented study of UFOs.)
Of course, many other factors cause policymakers to resist acting on warnings of looming disaster or a paradigm-shifting event.
According to Clarke, “initial occurrence syndrome” – when a phenomenon has never occurred previously – frequently inhibits timely and appropriate responses to warnings. At the same time, “complexity mismatch” can paralyze decisionmakers who lack the expertise to understand key pieces of data (such as the extraordinary technologies needed to execute anomalous flight characteristics). Policymakers can also resist acting on warnings, no matter how convincing, if they are based on incomplete data.
Moreover, as Clarke notes, “Decision makers don’t typically welcome predictions of impending disaster.” While UFOs may not represent an inevitable catastrophe, they are a perplexing “unknown.” Woe to the analyst who presents policymakers with evidence of a compelling, yet entirely unknown, phenomenon that may (or may not) pose a grave threat. Such ambiguity is anathema to rigid bureaucratic structures, missions and mindsets.
Cassandra’s curse strikes even more forcefully if the analyst sounding the alarm on UFOs cannot offer decisionmakers concrete recommendations to address this mysterious phenomenon. Policymakers, after all, are answerable to higher-ranking policymakers who expect options for navigating a particular issue.
At the same time, a unique cognitive trap can impede objective analysis or action on UFOs. If decisionmakers believe that a technology, risk or threat simply cannot exist, then all data indicating otherwise is ignored, trivialized or explained away.
Clarke alludes to this “It can’t be, so it isn’t” phenomenon, writing that policymakers presented with compelling evidence of an impending catastrophe “often go into an implicit state of denial. They may not dispute the evidence and reject the warning, but they don’t act as though they actually believe it to be true.”
Capt. Edward Ruppelt, the first director of Project Blue Book (the U.S. Air Force’s decades-long investigation of UFOs) wrote that scientists and “experts” who embrace the “It can’t be” approach to UFOs “are dangerous, if for no other reason than history has proved them so.”
As Ruppelt notes, the French Academy of Sciences once vehemently denied that “stones” (meteorites) could fall from the sky. At the same time, “world-famous astronomer” Dr. Simon Newcomb claimed “that flight without [balloons]” is impossible without “the discovery of some new material or a new force in nature.” Similarly, the chief engineer of the U.S. Navy claimed that any attempts to fly “heavier-than-air vehicles was absurd.” For his part, President Truman’s chief of staff told his boss that the atomic bomb “is the biggest fool thing we have ever done… [it] will never go off, and I speak as an expert in explosives.”
With noteworthy contemporary parallels, Ruppelt’s masterful description of the complexities of warning top government officials about UFOs make his book a must-read.
Importantly, however, not all Cassandras sounding the alarm on the UFO phenomenon are government intelligence analysts with high-level security clearances.
As Clarke writes in “Warnings,” Cassandras “often seek out and interpret data that others overlook, collect facts that no one else bothered to assemble, or derive new insights from data others already have.” To that end, a small group of private citizens has examined, in excruciating detail, three government UFO videos that accompanied the New York Times’ 2017 exposé. These individuals now hold the gold standard of analysis: reproducible, verifiable data.
Sophisticated mathematical modeling, for example, corroborates eyewitness accounts of a well-documented 2015 UFO encounter. This is robust evidence that an unknown object demonstrated anomalous flight characteristics only achievable with highly advanced technology.
For its part, the government is confident that the object involved in the incident is not a U.S. aircraft. Nor do intelligence analysts have evidence that it belonged to a foreign power.
Grappling with the data (and, critically, the broader context surrounding the event) should turn any objective analyst – private citizen and government employee alike – into a modern-day Cassandra.
Marik von Rennenkampff served as an analyst with the U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, as well as an Obama administration appointee at the U.S. Department of Defense. Follow him on Twitter @MvonRen.777
The Hoodoos of Drumheller Valley: Tall Tales of Sandstone Towers
The Hoodoos of Drumheller Valley: Tall Tales of Sandstone Towers
In the badlands of Alberta, Canada, unusually shaped rock-formations which rise to 20 feet tall, grace the landscape. According to Blackfoot and Cree traditions, these rocks are petrified giants who come alive at night to protect their land by throwing stones at trespassers. A legend of the Paiute Indians, who inhabited the area for hundreds of years before the arrival of European Americans, claims the colorful hoodoos are ancient people who were turned to stone as punishment for bad deeds.
Today we know the rocks were created by erosion, shaped by wind and water. These hoodoos (also called a tent rock, fairy chimney or earth pyramid) have been carved over millions of years into pillar-like shapes. They’re formed from soft sandstone, and most are capped with a harder rock which sits on top like a hat. The cap rock slows the process of complete erosion by keeping them from disintegrating at the same speed as the surrounding sandstone. The sandstone structures will ultimately be worn away and break, and the harder top rock will eventually come crashing down.
Hoodoos are found mainly in the desert in hot, dry areas and smaller versions of these sandstone giants can be found all over the Badlands. In common usage, the difference between hoodoos and pinnacles (or spires) is that hoodoos have a variable thickness while spires, have a smoother profile or uniform thickness that taper upward from the ground.
Hoodoos Around the World
Hoodoos, not unique to Alberta, Canada or the North American continent, are commonly found on the Colorado Plateau and abundant in the northern section of Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah. Hoodoos are also prominent a few hundred miles away at Goblin Valley State Park on the eastern side of the San Rafael Swell as well as other parts of the world.
Several are found in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France and one of the most famous examples is the formation called ‘ Demoiselles Coiffées de Pontis ’ since hoodoos in French are called ‘ladies with hairdos’ ( demoiselles coiffées) or cheminées de fees which translates to ‘fairy chimneys’.
Hoodoos ( peribacası) houses have been carved into the formations found in the Cappadocia region of Turkey and were depicted on the reverse of a Turkish banknote.
Serbia has about 200 formations described as earth pyramids or towers by local inhabitants. The site is called Đavolja Varoš (Devil's Town) and since 1959 has been protected by the state and nominated in the New Seven Wonders of Nature campaign.
Devil's Town, near Kuršumlija, Serbia ( Nikolic / CC BY-SA 3.0 )
The hoodoo stones on the northern coast of Taiwan are unusual for their coastal setting. The stones formed as the seabed rose rapidly out of the ocean during the Miocene period.
Red Deer River Valley Is Rich in Fossils
The Drumheller portion of the Red Deer River Valley in the badlands of Alberta is approximately 1.2 miles (2 km) wide and 17 miles (27.3 km) long. The area is often referred to as Dinosaur Valley because of the abundance of fossils found in the area, beginning in the late 1800s.
In 1884, Joseph Burr Tyrrell, found the skull of a meat-eating dinosaur and named the dinosaur in honor of the newly founded Canadian Province: Albertosaurus sarcophagus .
Albertosaurus Skull Cast Geological Museum in Copenhagen (Michael BH / CC BY-SA 3.0 )
Over the years thousands of fossils have been collected and 101 years after Albertosaurus was discovered, the Tyrrell Museum opened. It is now one of the leading dinosaur museums in the world.
The semi-desert badlands surrounding the museum are very different to the lush forests where dinosaurs once roamed. Each year the sediments of the Red Deer River Valley are eroded by nature a little more, revealing more fossils at sites such as Dinosaur Provincial Park, and Hoodoo. Alberta is such a rich fossil province, the museum has multiple specimens for many of the species, enabling them to exhibit a wide collection.
Stiff Fines And Jail Time Await Vandals
Hoodoos take millions of years to form and are so incredibly fragile that the site is protected under the Historical Resources Act. Visitors convicted of defacing or removing property from the site could face a fine of up to $50,000 and/or a year in prison, and yet, some feel the need to leave their mark.
Recently, a Drumheller woman was appalled to see a man scratching into the formations, defacing the hoodoos with a small rock. The man had carved out the word ‘ METTEN’, the name of a town in Germany, and the lady sent a video recording to the police as evidence. Locals are rightly proud of the area.
By contrast, two ladies hiking near the popular tourist attraction found what appeared to be a dinosaur fossil, the leg bone of a hadrosaur, or duck billed dinosaur, and immediately contacted the museum. The rule for fossil collecting in Alberta is that anything still buried in the rock belongs to the government, which is the case with these remains.
Drone Footage Reveals Lost Mesopotamian City Built on Marsh Islands
Drone Footage Reveals Lost Mesopotamian City Built on Marsh Islands
Using remote sensing data technologies at the site of one of the oldest urban centers in world history, scientists have identified a vast Mesopotamian settlement called Lagash. Once upon a time, Lagash consisted of four marsh islands interconnected by waterways. A flourishing, watery lifestyle existed almost 5,000 years ago, in this ancient wetland area located between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in southern Iraq.
Drone Based and Other Technology
One of the participants of the project was Emily Hammer, an anthropological archaeologist from the University of Pennsylvania. Hammer employed a specially equipped drone that helped provide invaluable insight into Lagash, which formed the core of one of the world’s earliest states. The results of her work have now been published in The Journal of Anthropological Archaeology .
After initial remote-sensing data gathered from the ground level, a drone was used to photograph the area around Lagash over six weeks in 2019. It took high-resolution UAV photographs of the site’s surface that aided Hammer’s research. She was also able to obtain magnetic gradiometry data.
The drone was aided by the heavy rains that had just ended around that time, leading to heavy salt absorption and salt moisture. These made detection of buildings, walls, streets, and waterways that were buried near ground level much easier as they surveyed the ancient Mesopotamian city of wetland islands.
Mud brick foundations and a ziggurat are among the remains of the 3rd millennium BC Sumerian city state of Lagash (Tell al Hiba) northeast of Nasiriyah, Iraq.
Lagash was likely founded between 4,900 and 4,600 years ago, and is today known as Tell al-Hiba. Excavated more than 40 years ago for the first time, it was learnt that this site was abandoned around 3,600 years ago. Previous analysis by other anthropologists, historians, and scientists indicate that Lagash was built on raised mounds in the marshes, and possibly consisted of 33 small, marsh islands. “There could have been multiple evolving ways for Lagash to be a city of marsh islands as human occupation and environmental change reshaped the landscape,” Hammer says.
Critically, Hammer’s study has helped challenge a traditional notion that has presented Mesopotamian cities as nuclear and compact settlements located within an irrigated agricultural hinterland. These settlements have been understood to have expanded from a singular monumental temple complex. Nevertheless, Lagash is different and the curious city of wetland islands has been found to be unlike this presupposed model.
Early Dynastic Lagash, dating back to around 2900 to 2350 BC, was made up of distinctly separate sectors, each with multiple walls or moat-like water courses surrounding them, interspersed by open spaces. In fact, Lagash is characterized by dense architecture spread out over 300 hectares (approximately). Evidence also points to marshy and watery local environmental factors. This led Hammer to conclude that the city sectors originated as marsh islands.
Drone photographs also point to harbors that potentially connected city sectors by boat travel. The remains of potential footbridges also emerged, though only excavations can shed further light on the subject, according to a report on Science News .
Like Lagash, Eridu in southern Iraq was once located within a lush area filled with freshwater marshes.
An absence of a geographical or ritual center allowed each city sector to develop distinctive social and economic practices, to a certain extent. This is not dissimilar to the development of Venice, which evolved during a later historical time period.
Evidence of this was found at two of the marsh islands which were bordered by gated walls that had carefully laid out city streets and areas with large kilns. It was likely that crop growing and activities such as pottery making occurred here. On another island, waterways and canals crisscrossed each other, which likely suggests fishing and the collection of reeds for construction occurred.
In total, Hammer’s research points to three occupied islands near the Persian Gulf area, and a fourth one dominated by a huge temple. These islands were part of delta channels extending towards the sea, again reemphasizing the idea that Lagash was once a city of settled wetland islands which were interconnected by waterways.
The so-called cradle of civilization survived in what was once a lush, marsh-filled landscape, much like this imagined depiction of ancient Babylon.
The drone also revealed evidence of contrasting neighborhoods on different marsh islands, which reflect either some kind of urban planning or a haphazard arrangement. The latter could be symptomatic of waves of migrations that occurred between 4,600 and 4,350 years ago, according to Augusta McMahon. McMahon was one of the three co-field directors of the continuing excavations at the site.
These migrants were a mix of slave laborers captured from neighboring city states, mobile herders and residents from other cities and islands. At its peak, the city of wetland islands occupied four to six square kilometers (1.5 sq. mi.), which is the area equivalent to that of modern-day Chicago! It also housed tens of thousands of people during its heyday.
Just like other great historic cities, Lagash was doomed to collapse. In the end, it met its end when the marshy water levels fell due to a spike in temperatures. Since nearby cities continued to be occupied and inhabited for at least another thousand years, Lagash’s abandonment provides a window into a past that challenges the deeply held beliefs of what a Mesopotamian city looked like.
Top image: Remote sensing and drone footage of the Lagash / Tell al-Hiba site was deployed to conclude that the ancient Mesopotamian city was made up of four marsh islands.
Beste bezoeker, Heb je zelf al ooit een vreemde waarneming gedaan, laat dit dan even weten via email aan Frederick Delaere opwww.ufomeldpunt.be. Deze onderzoekers behandelen jouw melding in volledige anonimiteit en met alle respect voor jouw privacy. Ze zijn kritisch, objectief maar open minded aangelegd en zullen jou steeds een verklaring geven voor jouw waarneming! DUS AARZEL NIET, ALS JE EEN ANTWOORD OP JOUW VRAGEN WENST, CONTACTEER FREDERICK. BIJ VOORBAAT DANK...
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
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