The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
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UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
10-04-2019
Fossilised remains of ‘Cthulhu’ creature that stalked the seas 430MILLION years ago found in Herefordshire
Fossilised remains of ‘Cthulhu’ creature that stalked the seas 430MILLION years ago found in Herefordshire
The ancient species had a tangle of tentacles just like HP Lovecraft's ferocious fictional monster
By Harry Pettit, Senior Digital Technology and Science Reporter
THE REMAINS of an ancient sea creature that lurked at the bottom of the ocean millions of years ago have been found in Britain.
It has been named Cthulhu by boffins because its many flailing tentacles resemble the deadly arms of the infamous fictional sea beast.
ELISSA MARTIN, YALE PEABODY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
Artist's impression of the newly discovered sea creature
However, the animal – known as Sollasina cthulhu – was far less destructive than its namesake.
It was a tiny type of sea cucumber, the group that includes the placid modern sea pig and its relatives.
Scientists say the discovery could shed new light on the early evolution of the sea cucumber, which have lived in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years.
They dug up the fossilised remains in Herefordshire and were baffled as to what they'd found.
IMRAN RAHMAN/OXFORD UNIVERSITY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
A 3D reconstruction of Sollasina cthulhu. Tube feet are shown in different colours
Dating back 430million years, it lived during a time when what is now Britain was covered in water.
The fossilised creature had 45 tentacles, branching out from a central body covered in armour plates.
Its many arms helped it crawl around the seafloor, where it spent the vast majority of its time.
It also used them to move food into its mouth, with its diet likely consisting of algae and other tiny microorganisms – just like modern sea cucumbers.
GETTY - CONTRIBUTOR
Cthulhu is a fictional sea beast dreamed up by H P Lovecraft
At just 3cm wide, Sollasina was hardly an intimidating beast, but it's helping scientists work out the evolutionary tree of Earth's ancient oceans.
"We carried out a number of analyses to work out whether Sollasina was more closely related to sea cucumbers or sea urchins," said University College London scientist Dr Jeffrey Thompson.
"To our surprise, the results suggest it was an ancient sea cucumber. This helps us understand the changes that occurred during the early evolution of the group, which ultimately gave rise to the slug-like forms we see today."
Hydrothermal fluid bubbles upward, gets trapped by a mineral ledge, and spills up and over the edge.
Credit: Schmidt Ocean Institute
Deep in the Gulf of California, scientists have discovered a fantastical expanse of hydrothermal vents, full of crystallized gases, glimmering pools of piping-hot fluids and rainbow-hued life-forms.
Hydrothermal vent fluid collects under the ledges and provides the chemical energy driving the entire ecosystem of microbes, scale worms, and riftia (tube worms).
Image credits: Schmidt Ocean Institute.
Punctuating it all are towering structures made of minerals from the vents, looming as tall as 75 feet (23 meters). A decade ago, scientists visiting this spot saw nothing unusual; this psychedelic seascape seems to have built up around an increase in hydrothermal venting — spots in the seafloor where mineral-laden and superhot water jets out — in the last 10 years.
Joye and her colleagues were studying microbial mats in the Guaymas Basin in the central Gulf of California late last year when they conducted an autonomous vehicle survey nearby, looking for interesting sites to explore on their next research expedition.
"We saw a lot of really interesting topography, which made me scratch my head," Joye said. Chemical traces in the water also suggested there might be hydrothermal vents nearby.
The ROV SuBastian measures temperature near a hydrothermal vent as tube worms wave.
Credit: Schmidt Ocean Institute
In February, the team launched another expedition, sending autonomous vehicles equipped with high-definition cameras into the deep from the decks of the Schmidt Ocean Institute's research vessel, Falkor. Nearly 6,000 feet (1,800 m) below the surface, they saw the vents that were carpeted with microbes, marine worms and species they didn't recognize.
"It was a shock, to put it mildly," Joye told Live Science. "I think my jaw literally hit the floor."
Unreal environment
The team had discovered a hydrothermal vent site that hadn't existed in 2008. Most likely, Joye said, new vents have opened since then, or the rate of hydrothermal fluid flow has increased. The dissolved minerals and metals in the fluid react with seawater to create huge "pagodas," some as thick as 49 feet (15 m) in diameter and many rising 33 feet (10 m) above the seafloor. [Gallery: Creatures of the Deepest Deep-Sea Vents]
In some places, the fluid flow created ledges, or flanges, that trap pools of the sulfide- and methane-rich fluid underneath. The pools refract light, creating a silvery, mirror-like effect, Joye said. In some pools, the team saw delicate mineral precipitates a few inches long that looked like feathers. No one knows what they are, Joye said.
"It was just a constant barrage of, 'You have got to be kidding me — that can't be real,'" she said.
Among the other surprises at the site were bizarre methane hydrates — natural gas bubbles trapped in a crystalline framework of ice. The methane hydrates at these vents, though, looked strangely irregular, with almost a melted appearance, Joye said.
The researchers don't yet know why the features looked like that. It could be the high pressure and extreme temperatures at the site, Joye said. The ocean water is just 35.6 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius), while the hydrothermal fluids are a toasty 690.8 F (366 C). Or there may be impurities in the methane gas that cause the strange shapes.
Mystery life
Among the other mysteries at the vent site is the proliferation of life carpeting the hot towers of mineral-rich water spewing from the vents. Some were recognizable, like the Riftia tube worms that harbor sulfur-eating symbiotic bacteria. Others were totally new to science. The towers are home to rainbow-colored mats of microbes, Joye said, ranging from pink to orange to white to yellow to purple.
Mats of yellow and orange microbes color the seafloor at the vent site, which is in the Guaymas Basin of the Gulf of California.
Credit: Schmidt Ocean Institute
"I've never seen a purple microbial mat, ever, anywhere," Joye said. The researchers are now using genetic sequencing to study the microbes and to learn whether temperature, water chemistry or some other factor determines their color.
The researchers are also delving deeper into the composition of the hydrothermal fluid, which they've already found to be rich in manganese and iron. Finally, Joye said, the team's virologist is studying the viruses that infect the microbes at the site.
"These kinds of things don't happen very often," Joye said. "I'm just counting the days until I can go back."
Many pet owners will tell you that their animal friends exhibit behavior that reminds them of things that only people are supposed to do. Ask any dog owner, and they may tell you their dog can “smile,” while owners of parakeets and other birds will tell you similar things about the ways their avian accomplices interact with them.
Such questions bring to mind questions about our concept of culture and what it is, and more importantly, whether humans are the only animals that engage in such behaviors. In an unrelated post here at Mysterious Universe, I recently touched on the question, in relation to the differences between humans and animals. “Eventually,” I wrote, “one must ask at what point, precisely, the imaginary line between ‘human’ and ‘beast’ can actually be drawn?”
This brings us to a fascinating story that was recently featured in the New York Postwhich raised similar questions in sharing the story of Julie, a 15-year-old chimpanzee and one of 15 in a sanctuary in Zambia who, in 2007, began a unique fashion trend among her primate peers: she took a fancy for plucking long, stiff blades of grass that she would wear behind one ear, much as a person might rest a pencil there between periods of use.
Shortly afterward, Julie’s son picked up on the trend and started wearing a blade of grass behind his ear as well. It wasn’t long before eight more chimpanzees that lived alongside Julie in the sanctuary were doing the same thing.
“When Julie died in 2012,” writes Mary Huhn, “her local gang kept wearing the single-blade accessory, and the style eventually spread to fashion-forward chimps in two nearby populations.”
Julie’s story isn’t the first of its kind. Many are familiar with videos like the one below, in which parrots have been observed shredding strips of paper and tucking them between their tailfeathers, in an apparent effort to augment the appearance of their natural plumage (although this isn’t necessarily a behavior being “shared” between members of this parrot species, it is a commonly observed behavior, and one similar to Julie the Chimp’s use of the blade of grass behind one ear):
Other examples of such behavior have become more prevalent over the last few years. In 2013, a pair of scientific papers argued that similar “trending” behaviors have been observed in other primate species, as well as certain cetaceans.
In humans, once a new fad arises, everyone starts doing it,” wrote Michael Balter for Science. “Two international teams led by researchers at the University of St. Andrews in the United Kingdom report new evidence for the strength of cultural conformity in two very different species suspected to exhibit cultural behavior: vervet monkeys and humpback whales.”
In the case of the vervet monkeys, the experiment involved feeding the creatures corn of two artificially colored varieties, one blue, the other pink. Apart from this superficial distinction, the blue corn was also soaked in aloe to give it a bitter taste, which naturally led to the vervet monkeys avoiding it. However, later when the offspring of this first group of monkeys had been born, researchers stopped flavoring the blue corn; despite both varieties tasting the same, the adult monkeys continued to prefer the pink corn, a preference which their young appeared to adopt as well.
The simultaneous study with whales observed a technique the animals use known as “lobtail” feeding, where the creatures employ their powerful tails to smack the surface of the water. It was believed that this technique not only may be useful in “herding” certain kinds of ocean fish the whales preferred but that its use was actually spreading among humpback whales that “created” it.
“Over the years, lobtail feeding had spread to 37% of the population,” Balter wrote for Science, “and up to 87% of the whales that adopted the technique appeared to have done so by being in close association with another whale that was already clued in to the method.”
Such studies over the years have led to a broader awareness of animals that engage in such behavior, including the foundation of organizations like Culture & Animals Foundation (CAF), a group aimed at promoting and funding art that helps deepen public awareness of connections between humans and animals.
According to the Foundation’s website, the CAF “provides annual grants to scholars and artists using their intellect, creativity, and compassion to build a deeper understanding of human–animal relationships and a greater respect for animal rights.” The group also hosts annual meetings and lectures, held at North Carolina State University in Chapell Hill, North Carolina.
Many of these kinds of behaviors–ranging from animals that “mimic” things that humans do, to wild species that appear to share certain learned behaviors–are constantly expanding our understanding of nature and the animal kingdom. As we learn more about the thinking and behavior of non-human species, we also begin to see how we, as humans, can better relate to them. In the bigger picture, this also causes us to question what it actually means to be human, which is at times offers a frightening critique of our accepted reality; but also helps us to solidify our role in the broader game of life… which, in its own way, is strange, cosmic, and even beautiful.
Mysterious bright lights appeared over Norway on Saturday, leaving locals baffled and sparking speculation of potential UFO activity. The cause of the unusual colored clouds, though, was much closer to home.
Two orange dots appeared in the sky, followed by large expanding glowing clouds of purple and green lights on Saturday night, making Norway’s stunning Northern Lights, or aurora borealis, pale in comparison.
The unusual light show was actually part of a NASA-funded AZURE (Auroral Zone Upwelling Rocket Experiment) experiment to learn about the flow of particles in the ionosphere and to find out more about the contribution that an aurora makes to the amount of energy leaving and entering Earth’s geospace system. The ionosphere is the layer of the Earth’s atmosphere ionized by solar and cosmic radiation, located about 75-1000 km (46-621 miles) above our planet.
NASA Wallops✔@NASA_Wallops
The AZURE mission successfully launched back-to-back aboard two sounding rockets in Norway tonight. These colorful clouds created a light show in the sky, helping researchers track the flow of neutral and charged particles in Earth's ionosphere.
“It looked like an alien attack,” said Michael Theusner, who captured the bizarre sight while filming the Northern Lights.
Two rockets were launched from the the Andøya Space Center in northern Norway. They measured the temperature and atmospheric density and deployed tracers including trimethylaluminum and a barium and strontium mixture, which ionizes when exposed to sunlight.
“These mixtures create colorful clouds that allow researchers to track the flow of neutral and charged particles, respectively,” NASA explained last year, adding that its tracers would “pose no hazard to residents in the region.”
The clouds were then tracked to measure the winds and flow of particles as the glowing spots dispersed. NASA is planning another seven rocket launches in Norway over the next two years, so more alien panic could be expected.
An unprecedented type of computer simulation found shows that the levels of carbon dioxide have likely never been as high in the past 3 million years. During this time, global mean temperatures never exceeded preindustrial levels by more than 2 degrees Celsius.
Image credits: NOAA (not from this study).
Rising CO2
As climate science has continued to develop, researchers have found more and more pieces of data which can be included in models, finessing the results more and more. This latest computer simulation is the first to look at ocean floor sediment data of climate evolution over this period of time.
Essentially, researchers used a very efficient numerical model to reproduce the causes and features of climate variability over the past few million years. They tested the model results with known climate events, and the model successfully predicted these events — adding substantial confidence regarding its accuracy.
The study also shows that along with the Earth’s orbit, CO2 also plays a vital role in directing ice ages.
“We know from the analysis of sediments on the bottom of our seas about past ocean temperatures and ice volumes, but so far the role of CO2 changes in shaping the glacial cycles has not been fully understood,” says Matteo Willeit of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, lead author of the study now published in Science Advances. “It is a breakthrough that we can now show in computer simulations that changes in CO2 levels were a main driver of the ice ages, together with variations of how the Earth’s orbits around the sun, the so-called Milankovitch cycles. These are actually not just simulations: we compared our results with the hard data from the deep sea, and they prove to be in good agreement. Our results imply a strong sensitivity of the Earth system to relatively small variations in atmospheric CO2. As fascinating as this is, it is also worrying.”
Why is it worrying?
Studying Earth’s past is key to understanding its future evolution. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a well-known greenhouse gas, which, in the atmosphere, contributes to planetary warming. So you can get an idea of how extreme these results are, the last time CO2 levels were this high, there were trees at the South Pole.
So then, why aren’t we seeing more brutal effects?
It takes time for these changes to take effect. Much of the CO2 we are seeing into the atmosphere today was emitted in the past century — which, in geological terms, is the blink of an eye. It will take some time before today’s temperatures rise accordingly, but the chain of events has already been set in motion and, like all planetary processes, the inertia of this warming is gargantuan.
We are clearly seeing the first stages of this process, though. All temperature measurements show a steady increase which correlates with the extra CO2 observed in the atmosphere, and there is overwhelming evidence showing that the planet is warming upincredibly fast.
Is it because of us?
Yes. The scientific evidence is unequivocal: the greenhouse gas emissions (and particularly CO2) emitted by mankind are responsible for the warming trend we are observing.
While there is a great deal of talk about how this process happens and what its quantifiable effects are, the elephant in the room is there: we know CO2 traps heat in our planet’s atmosphere, and we know we are emitting a lot of CO2 — therefore we are responsible for the extra heating. We can argue about how big the elephant’s ears or trunk is, but the elephant is there and sticking our heads in the sand won’t solve anything.
Global warming is happening, whether we care to admit it or not.
Journal Reference: M. Willeit el al., “Mid-Pleistocene transition in glacial cycles explained by declining CO2 and regolith removal,” Science Advances (2019). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav7337 , http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/4/eaav7337
Is something brewing? Geologists discover a new hotspot in Yellowstone supervolcano that's killing off trees in a patch of warm land the size of FOUR soccer fields
Is something brewing? Geologists discover a new hotspot in Yellowstone supervolcano that's killing off trees in a patch of warm land the size of FOUR soccer fields
Scientists spotted growing 'tree kill zone' where the ground appears to be warm
It's been forming over roughly the last 20 years in Yellowstone back country
The experts say it's no cause for concern, and is in line with expected activity
A new thermal area has popped up in Yellowstone National Park, in yet another sign of the ever-changing magma activity beneath the surface.
Satellite images have revealed an expanse of about eight acres – or the equivalent of four soccer fields – where the ground is warmer than its surroundings, causing the trees and vegetation in that patch to die off.
While scientists have only just confirmed its existence, the United State Geological Survey (USGS) estimates it’s been forming over the last 20 or so years.
A look through the imagery going back to the 1990s confirmed what they suspected – a growing bright patch in the middle of the forest. by 2006, the beginnings of a ‘tree kill zone’ become to be apparent in the images. Now, the change is unmistakable
The massive new thermal area is marked by a 'tree kill zone,' seen above, where trees and other vegetation are dying out
In a new post for the USGS weekly Caldera Chronicles, scientists have revealed the existence of a new thermal area near Tern Lake.
These areas are home to one or more thermal features, such as hot springs or geysers, of which there are more than 10,000 scattered across the park.
Thermal features are grouped into about 120 distinct thermal areas, USGS explains.
Deep in the back country between the already established Tern Lake Therma Area and West Tern Lake, scientists have noticed a growing patch where trees seem unable to survive in the last few years.
A look through the imagery going back to the 1990s confirmed what they suspected – a growing bright patch in the middle of the forest, signaling warmth beneath the surface.
On the right, dark pixels represent frozen lakes during wintertime. West Tern Lake may be thawing as a result of thermal waters from nearby hot springs. The bright (warm) pixels between West Tern Lake and the Tern Lake thermal area has emerged over the last 20 years
Satellite images have revealed an expanse of about eight acres – or the equivalent of four soccer fields – where the ground is warmer than its surroundings, causing the trees and vegetation in that patch to die off
‘Analysis of a Landsat-8 nighttime thermal infrared image acquired in April 2017 revealed an unexpected warm area between West Tern Lake and the previously mapped Tern Lake thermal area,’ USGS says.
In 1994, the space between Tern Lake Thermal Area and West Tern Lake was covered in trees and vegetation
‘This mysterious patch of bright pixels in the thermal infrared image did not match any previously mapped thermal areas.’
In 1994, the space between Tern Lake Thermal Area and West Tern Lake was covered in trees and vegetation.
But, by 2006, the beginnings of a ‘tree kill zone’ become to be apparent in the images.
Now, the change is unmistakable.
‘The most recent image of the Tern Lake region, from 2017, reveals a large area of dead trees and bright soil, rather like a thermal area,’ USGS says.
‘From all these satellite and aerial images, we conclude that a new thermal area has emerged in the past 20 years!’ the team added.
Its appearance is no cause for concern. According to the experts, the activity goes in line with what’s expected for the Yellowstone area.
Thermal areas are marked by a 'tree kill zone,' where vegetation is unable to thrive. West Thumb, for example, can be seen above in Yellowstone National Park
COULD AN ERUPTION AT THE YELLOWSTONE SUPERVOLCANO BE PREVENTED?
Recent research found a small magma chamber, known as the upper-crustal magma reservoir, beneath the surface
Nasa believes drilling up to six miles (10km) down into the supervolcano beneath Yellowstone National Park to pump in water at high pressure could cool it.
Despite the fact that the mission would cost $3.46 billion (£2.63 billion), Nasa considers it 'the most viable solution.'
Using the heat as a resource also poses an opportunity to pay for plan - it could be used to create a geothermal plant, which generates electric power at extremely competitive prices of around $0.10 (£0.08) per kWh.
But this method of subduing a supervolcano has the potential to backfire and trigger the supervolcanic eruption Nasa is trying to prevent.
'Drilling into the top of the magma chamber 'would be very risky;' however, carefully drilling from the lower sides could work.
This USGS graphic shows how a 'super eruption' of the molten lava under Yellowstone National Park would spread ash across the United States
Even besides the potential devastating risks, the plan to cool Yellowstone with drilling is not simple.
Doing so would be an excruciatingly slow process that one happen at the rate of one metre a year, meaning it would take tens of thousands of years to cool it completely.
And still, there wouldn't be a guarantee it would be successful for at least hundreds or possibly thousands of years.
When the authorities say, “There’s nothing to worry about,” do you immediately start worrying? Then get out your beads because the experts who monitor the magma underneath the Yellowstone National Park and its surrounding area say satellite images of the park show a “mysterious patch of bright pixels” that turned out to be a newly formed “tree kill zone” and an area of dead vegetation that wasn’t there before. (Insert “Nothing to worry about here.”)
“Recently, we have discovered another phenomenal example of thermal change—the emergence of an entirely new thermal area, which has taken place over the past 20 years!”
If it’s nothing to worry about, why the exclamation point at the end of a blog post in Caldera Chronicles, a weekly article written by U.S. Geological Survey Yellowstone Volcano Observatory scientists? For good measure, they put another exclamation point at the end of the title, “Discovering new thermal areas in Yellowstone’s dynamic landscape!”. This can’t be a good sign!!! The only thing worse would be if they told us NOT TO WORRY IN ALL CAPS!!!
“Analysis of a Landsat-8 nighttime thermal infrared image acquired in April 2017 revealed an unexpected warm area between West Tern Lake and the previously mapped Tern Lake thermal area. This mysterious patch of bright pixels in the thermal infrared image did not match any previously mapped thermal areas.”
USGS image
“Mysterious patch.” No exclamation point but it was enough for the USGS to do some historical analysis on the remote Tern Lake and West Tern Lake area. What the scientists found, using images from the Landsat-8 National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP), was that there was no anomaly in this location in 1994 photos and a small patch of dead vegetation in 2006 images. On the other hand, the 2017 image showed:
“The area of bright pixels identified in the Landsat-8 thermal infrared image corresponds to a newly emerging area of warm ground and tree kills about 32,500 m2 (8 acres, or 4 soccer fields) in area.”
Four soccer fields! (Our exclamation point this time.) This indicates something even more mysterious … why did they measure this kill zone in soccer fields rather than the tradition U.S. measurement of football fields?
To soothe worried Yellowstone supervolcano watchers, the blog article points out that a ‘thermal area’ is a cluster of “thermal features (like fumaroles, hot springs, or geysers) surrounded by hydrothermally altered ground, hydrothermal mineral deposits, geothermal gas emissions, heated ground, and/or a lack of vegetation. While there are over 10,000 thermal features in Yellowstone, most are in just 120 distinct thermal areas like Upper Geyser Basin, Norris Geyser Basin and Tern Lake. Because the area is so large and the thermal areas are generally in remote locations, satellites are needed to monitor them. In its “nothing to worry about” comment, the USGS says:
“This is exactly the sort of behavior we expect from Yellowstone’s dynamic hydrothermal activity, and it highlights that changes are always taking place, sometimes in remote and generally inaccessible areas of the park. We will continue to keep an eye on Yellowstone using satellite imagery and report on any changes we see in future Caldera Chronicles articles.”
USGS image
Will we have to wait another 11 years for an update on the tree kill zone at West Tern Lake? Here come the last exclamation points:
“And if you’re really interested, you can check out the Landsat-8 data and airborne NAIP images for yourself! All images are freely available from https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov. Have fun!”
Fun? Exclamation point ‘Fun!’ is an amusement park, not a supervolcano park.
The great George Ivanovitch Gurdjieff taught that even though our brains and minds may ‘wake up’ every morning allowing us to function as social beings, that in no way means we are truly Awake in a philosophical and spiritual sense. ‘Waking up’ every morning only means we continue in our social roles as in a ‘wakeful dream’. A fact that becomes painfully evident whenever we come to terms with the vast and deep unknown of the Collective Psyche and its impingement on each of us.
Often, the dreams we have when our bodies are asleep may be construed as metaphors of how the psyche tends to represent deep truths and feelings in rather simplistic, even literal ways. If we’re about to venture on a hard and perilous journey, we won’t be surprised if the night before we have nightmares of horrific airplane, ship or bus accidents, of any manner of physical misadventure. If when awake we watch a movie about a great and fearful fire, we may that night have nightmares of being trapped inside a flaming house… In short, dreams are often literal, childish renditions of far more complex matters churning in our minds or deep inside our souls.
Ages Come; Ages Go
We all dream as individual, social persons, but we seldom ask if we might also dream as a race? If we do, how long do those collective dreams endure? If individual dreams last one night, do collective dreams go on for whole decades, a century, or even a millennium?
Just as individual dreams may be triggered by everyday experiences, worries and angst, are collective dreams governed by more subtle long-term forces of a more genetic, even cosmic nature? Does such collective dreaming impinge upon the individual psyche, becoming potential untapped sources of perilous and primordial forces and group experience, and if so, how may we tap into them?
Today, people live longer than our forebears. An average person in the West may live 75, perhaps 80 years, less for people in other regions of the world. Interestingly, if modern man lives on average, say 72 years, that is equivalent to one degree (i.e., 1/360th) of a Great Year or Platonic Year of 25,920 years (i.e., 72 years x 360 degrees = 25,920 years).
Which brings us to the transitional upheavals upon our Collective Psyche today, as the end of the Platonic Month or ‘Age’ of Pisces draws nigh. This period also marks the end of an entire Great Year in the 25,920-year ‘Precession of the Equinoxes’ cycle, as we transit into the next 2,160-year period, or ‘month’, as the Sun rises at the vernal equinox with the constellation of Aquarius as stellar backdrop.
Yes, we are transitioning into the so-called ‘month’ of Aquarius, symbolically marked by the Water Bearer, Ganymede,1 and its astrological opposite, Leo, the Lion. Back in the 1970s, the Hippie culture sang hymns to the dawning ‘Age of Aquarius’, naively believing the Aquarian archetype of the New Age would be filled with light, joy and happiness. They did not realise archetypes are ambivalent psychic beasts. Whilst you may wishfully think you are on its ‘light-ward side’, with the shining Sun above and the archetype at your feet, instead you might unwittingly – and far more likely – find yourself beneath the archetype: in its shadow, with all its darkness, gloom and confusion.
Even now, as Pisces wanes and Aquarius waxes, the human race seems trapped on the ‘dark side’ of both archetypes, with their darkest shadows covering our world in blackest night.
During these cosmic transitions, which impact the collective psyche, the dawning Platonic Month activates deep-rooted archetypes in the Collective Psyche. At the same time, the ‘used up’ waning archetypes plunge into slumber and deactivation, as the ‘dying’ month falls ‘asleep’ below the horizon.
No one human being can actually experience these long-term changes because they literally span thousands of years. However, we can see them reflected – as in the wall of Plato’s Cave – in collective symbols, social paradigms and human behaviour as they ‘dawn’ and ‘wane’.
The now waning Age of Pisces grew strong and powerful at the start of Christianity, two millennia ago, as the Trinity and Crucifixion resonated age-old archetypes – the Father-Mother-Son Triad, the Hero-Avatar, the sacrificial Cross or Yggdrasil Tree – and spontaneously linked it all to the Piscean fishes. Christ miraculously fed multitudes with baskets filled with fish, followed by His fishermen Apostles, walked on the Sea of Galilee, marking His clandestine fish symbol – ICHTHYS – deep into the catacombs of the Western psyche. Pisces, in turn, was balanced by its astronomical counterpart Virgo – the Virgin Mary/Isis – acting as a flywheel.
In spite of its present decadence and materialistic rationalisations as a worldly institution, unworthy today of its luminous ancient roots, the Roman Catholic Church has nevertheless stood its ground on the profound significance of this cosmic symbol. Today, it continues to uphold the Pisces-Virgo Axis, something Protestant sects abandoned half a millennium ago, severing links to these subtle vital cosmic forces.
When speaking of Platonic Months, we speak not so much in terms of physical sequential time – i.e. Chronos – but rather in terms of sacred time, Kairos: significant and meaningful points in time. Thus, the ‘end’ of Pisces and ‘beginning’ of Aquarius carry no specific date in chronological time. Rather, we are dealing with an imprecise, complex overlapping as one age gives way to the next and powerful forces are suddenly unleashed, as if both ages were psychic ‘tectonic plates’: long silent until sudden cataclysmic upheavals unleash psychic earthquakes shaking the collective unconscious!
Some constellations of the Zodiac occupy large swathes of sky whilst others are more modest by comparison. Accordingly and true to Kairos, the Zodiac is not a mathematically exact definition of a specific geography in the heavens centred on the sidereal equator; much more it is a symbol, an anagram, a reflection of earthly matters in the sky (and vice-versa), and as such no causal relationships exist – nor indeed need be found or ‘scientifically’ proven – between human affairs on Earth and the imagery of signs and shapes Man projects upon the heavens by literally ‘joining the dots’ in the sky, something he’s been doing for thousands of years.
Rather, we should think in terms of Carl Jung’s synchronicities: certain events have no direct causal link, but project ‘meaning’ for us in our individual and collective life experiences.
Thus, if you’re born a Pisces, Leo, or Scorpio, people around you will notice certain traits, patterns, tendencies and attitudes that somehow ‘fit’ the way Pisceans, Leos or Scorpions behave. Understanding and nurturing these meanings is more of an Art than a science. Seek no elusive Cartesian causal links, because none are to be found. That’s how synchronicity works: qualitative leaps towards a higher order of things, which in its jagged and labyrinth-like trajectory are not concerned with sequential logic.
We thus dive deep into the sacred realm of Meaning and the deep-seated mystery of Becoming, where archetypes, synchronicities and Platonic Months are the compasses that ensure we do not lose our way.
Worlds in Collision
In this train of thought, there is deep-seated lore pointing to ‘polar inversions’ taking place over eons of time. In its materialistic interpretation, they seem to resolve in End Times, when Earth’s poles switch place. Proponents of this theory claim the planet performs some sort of somersault on its own axis leading to all manner of geological catastrophes bringing ghastly fire and brimstone raining upon all of us, 200-metre tsunamis sweep across continents obliterating cities and lands, killing billions of people and flattening civilisation.
That’s the History Channel version, which does naught but reflect American materialism gone ballistic as Hollywood makes millions of dollars cashing in on ‘Coming Catastrophe Syndrome’. Especially after the 11 September 2001 False Flag event, with that overpowering vision of the two mighty Twin Towers collapsing free fall into their footprints in just eleven seconds.
Rather than explaining the otherwise unexplainable (save for Deep State conspiracies), Hollywood plays on our irrational anguish, delivering to the masses nightmarish catastrophe after catastrophe, explosion after explosion, cataclysm after cataclysm, unleashing and tapping into deep-seated collective psychic forces. Is their hidden agenda to prepare us for even fiercer False Flag events? As wizard’s apprentices, they may also unleash terribly dark forces that feedback from the collective psyche into the physical world of climate, war, violence and real tectonic plates slipping one into the other. A real case scenario of Velikovsky’s ‘worlds in collision’!
Polar Inversions
As the Great Year draws to the end of its current cycle, the ‘polar inversion’ we’re already seeing might be a mutually influencing synchronistic ‘dance’ emanating from Man’s collective psyche. Mankind is coming fast to understand that the present Western-dominated civilisation has come up against an inescapable dead-end.
Those usurping all the wealth and power of the world do so at the cost of raping our planet of its resources. They destroy people’s psyche by levelling them into mental slavery, poverty, humiliation and death. All at an alarmingly fast pace, spinning ever-faster like a drain down a cosmic sinkhole. While billions exist in a ‘hell-on-earth’, a tiny minority harness technology to their service, preserving a status quo that allows them to retain and steal more and more of the world’s resources.
Who are ‘they’? This clique has been called various names: the Establishment, the Elite, One-Worlders, the Controllers, the Globalists… As a researcher into global geopolitical power structures, I prefer to simply call them the ‘Global Power Elite’ (GPE): ‘Global’ because they have planet-wide reach and mismanage the world instead of preserving this beautiful planet belonging to us all; ‘Power’ in that they illegitimately usurped almost all the world’s material power – economic, financial, media, social, military, intellectual – hijacking it to serve their selfish objectives; and ‘Elite’ (even though they do not deserve an aristocratic description) in that they are an illegitimate ruling class.
To date, their power base is mainly in the northern hemisphere, structured into geographically small, dense and highly focused power nodes or centres they call ‘major cities’: New York, London, Paris, Berlin, Moscow, Beijing, Tokyo, Los Angeles, Chicago, Paris, Mexico City, and Bombay, spinning like a runaway merry-go-round, particularly their virtual, vampire-like parasitic financial system. These nodes have spilled southwards too: Sydney, Sao Paulo, Buenos Aires.
In part, this evolution is easy to understand considering 68% of Earth’s landmass lies north of the equator whilst only 32% lies south of it. That 71% of our planet is underwater makes the 29% landmass quite crowded, especially in the north.
This overcrowding is one of the GPE’s main concerns, potentially impacting them, and they seem to be taking evasive action as discretely as possible. The northern hemispheric crisis includes growing geopolitical dangers facing Europe, the Middle East and other regions of the north, where the largest countries today are the Russian Federation and China, neither of which are in the least bit willing to share their huge landmass with the GPE.
A geopolitical imperative noted over a century ago by British geographer Halford Mackinder holds that the vast Eurasian region is the ‘Heartland’, and whoever controls it controls the ‘World Island’ and thus the entire world. Today, the ‘Heartland’ is firmly under the control of Russia and its Asian allies: China & India. The US, UK and the European Union, where the GPE is based, understand their weakness all too well.
For centuries, the UK and the US have had an insular geopolitical strategy. Not only is Britain an island, but in geopolitical terms the US can be likened to a giant island with only a small connection to its South American ‘backyard’ through the Isthmus of Panama. The US and UK have made strenuous efforts to ensure no one country should control the ‘World Island’, using a ‘divide and conquer’ strategy, whether against Napoleon, Hitler or Stalin.
The nightmare for the GPE is as follows: what if Russia, which is rediscovering its soul after shrugging off seventy years of foreign-imposed Bolshevism, joins forces with Germany, once that country too finally frees itself from US occupation? [Germany is home to the largest US airbase outside North America.] Imagine such a phenomenal geopolitical alliance: Berlin-Moscow-Beijing.
“Go South, Young Man…”
The GPE are looking further afield for new lands and places of conquest, migration, refuge and re-settlement: Earth’s landmass lying south of the equator. This is roughly two-thirds of South America, one-third of Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and a myriad of island and island-states in the south Pacific, south Atlantic and Indian oceans… plus mysterious Antarctica!
In South America, the GPE have financed puppet governments in all its weak, nominally ‘free and democratic’ countries. They’ve purchased gigantic swathes of land for their private use, or corporate control if they sit on the oil, gas, minerals, potable water and arable soil. The writing is on the wall.
There are clear signs the northern hemisphere will soon be impacted by uncontrollable turmoil: political, financial, physical, and environmental. Our Southern Lands hold the key to survival for them. They are thus increasingly transforming their financial – virtual – wealth into economic – concrete – wealth, centred on land ownership and control.
Major moves can be seen on their ‘Grand Chessboard’: the breakup of the European Union, the demise of NATO, the exhaustion of oil, the re-invention of the British ‘Empire’ after Brexit (where Britain reverts to ‘Imperial Mode’, as recent sabre-rattling with Spain over Gibraltar shows), the collapse of the US Dollar through hyperinflation and of the Euro through political break-up.
Yes, it’s true. The GPE are making furious plans to mitigate the impact of the Armageddon syndrome on them. Hollywood described this in their blockbuster film 2012, alluding to a so-called ‘Mayan Calendar’ prophecy of planetary meltdown on 21 December 2012. But – alas – nothing happened! End Times, pole shifts and Age transitions don’t work that way. Maybe the GPE cannot fathom anything outside their materialistic sequential thought patterns and paradigms. For them, everything has a fixed ‘due-date’ as if there’s always some fancy report or financial sheet that needs to be ‘submitted by…’ They seem to be scared frozen, not understanding that this time it’s not about money – and that leaves them totally helpless.
When South Becomes North
A Pole Shift actually points to where the Light of Mankind will shine from. The most Ur-ancient lore of the Indo-European tradition says we incarnated into this planet from God’s Cosmos through a point in coldest, darkest and farthest north. Greek poet Pindar nailed it when he wrote of “Hyperboreans.” The Indian mystic Bal Lokmanya Tilak wrote of these ideas in his book The Arctic Home in the Vedas.
As the eternal light of spirit becomes brighter and brighter, emanating from the South, the Arctic ‘cosmic door’ will ‘close’ and become darker and darker in spiritual terms, as the southern Antarctic door ‘opens’. The coming battle is not to save the North, but to give birth to the South.
Only this time, the ‘rules of engagement’ are very different: the South has a plentiful landmass in Antarctica which the North lacks, a fact clearly understood by the GPE as reflected in their renewed interest in Antarctica, for ‘scientific purposes’, of course.
Their mistake, however, is to consider this an egotistic blank check to wriggle their way out of history’s coming justice and their accountability for the disasters they wrought against Mankind over past centuries. They believe they can use their wealth and gold to buy up the tastiest chunks of Patagonia, Amazonia, the Pampas, New Zealand, Australia, even Tasmania, and, of course, consolidate their hold over Antarctica. This explains why they will never let go of their Falkland Islands enclave, and their control over the south Atlantic via Ascension Island, the south Pacific via Hawaii, and the Indian Ocean via Diego Garcia.
For them it’s a question of money, money and more money. Every time their sick pranks go into self-destructive overdrive, as their banking system did in 2008, they organise to dump all their toxic financial waste onto the working people, giving it a smart-sounding name like ‘subprime crisis’, ‘financial cycle crisis’ and ‘quantitative easing’.
They make-believe these catastrophes are ‘not their fault’. No sir, it was just ‘business as usual’, as their media puppets painstakingly try to explain. Where ‘usual’ means privatising all profits for them, and socialising all losses by dumping them on ‘We The People’. It then becomes a sanitised problem of ‘financial-cycle management’, where global war is part of financial whitewashing and ‘reconstruction’. If 10, 20 or 30 million die in the course of any one of these ‘cycles’, well… you know the explanation: it’s business-as-usual’s ‘collateral damage’. This time, however, they know only too well that the upheavals will be of a titanic nature. Most worrying for us Southern Peoples is they are coming this way. Make no mistake, the next ‘global reset’ will not be an orderly and peaceful experience.
We Hold the Key
We understand what it’s all about. It’s not about money; our war is not money-based. It’s about understanding and awakening. It’s about establishing the foundations of a New Society on a different set of pillars. It’s about becoming attuned to the cosmic nature of our planet. It’s about understanding and listening to the music of our planet which is exuding a new song as its melodies echo into the Heavens, announcing a New Sky, for the old sky shall be no more. It means shedding fear and understanding that mind-slavery and taboos – like the Orwellian ‘2 + 2 = 5’ – are outright lies.
Perhaps what failed to save the North will now re-awaken in new spirit in the South, in a totally different garment, one aligned to our Southern lands, winds and our peoples’ different origins. Eternal archetypes flourish here with a different flavour, aroma and melody. That is our greatest challenge: to understand the next step in Man’s cosmic evolution, and to take that step boldly and without wavering. For as the Australian poet Henry Lawson wrote, “The South must look to the South for strength in the Storm that is to Come…”
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Footnote
1. Ganymede was the loveliest born of the race of mortals. The Olympian “gods caught him away to themselves, to be Zeus’ wine-pourer, for the sake of his beauty, so he might be among the immortals” (Homer, Iliad, Book XX). A model for the ancient Greek social custom of paiderastia, the socially acceptable erotic homosexual relationship between an adult male and an adolescent male; Ganymede poured wine for Zeus. No wonder the age-old homosexuality archetype is waking up today!
Tornadoes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, floods, tsunamis, fires, all vents that are amazing and horrifying to behold. Just when you think you’ve seen it all, nature presents you with another startling phenomenon.
Imagine seeing a tornado combined with a powerful forest fire, moving stones, and waves frozen in motion! These are just a few of the most amazing mysteries of our planet…
Here’s an interesting surmise for us all. Could it be that the alien phenomenon witnessed by so many reliable observers is the product of a technology developed at other locations in the universe and created by civilisations only a few small steps ahead of what we ourselves are now heading for? Could it be that the Grey entities reported in abduction scenarios are artificially intelligent probes sent to harvest information and gather resources by their creators who may themselves no longer be around to reap the benefits of their creation? Further, could it be that such artificial intelligence quite incidentally became a danger to naturally living intelligent life through its quest to relentlessly expand the horizons of its information.
That was my suggestion in my first book The Song of the Greys, published in 1997. Several mainstream scientists now back this hypothesis and in this article I will catalogue their affirmation and illustrate my further suggestion that we too are heading in the same direction and our own version of the Grey alien is not so far around the corner. Let’s take a look at what they are saying.
First, recent evidence suggests that the existence of alien life forms in the universe is now beyond reasonable dispute. In January 2012 a report was published in Naturesuggesting that around 10 billion stars out of the 100 billion that fill the Milky Way have planets in the habitable – or ‘Goldilocks’ – zone.1 Professor Stephen Hawking and Professor Michio Kaku had already stated their opinion that alien life is highly likely to exist but they take that one step further and suggest it is also highly likely to be predatory. Hawking postulates that aliens might simply raid Earth for its resources and then move on: “We only have to look at ourselves to see how intelligent life might develop into something we wouldn’t want to meet. I imagine they might exist in massive ships, having used up all the resources from their home planet. Such advanced aliens would perhaps become nomads, looking to conquer and colonise whatever planets they can reach.”2
In 2010 eminent scientists called for a world plan to deal with this potential threat. According to an extraterrestrial-themed edition of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society published in January 2010, world governments should prepare a co-ordinated action plan in case Earth is contacted by aliens.3
And what of the nature of those intelligent aliens? Well even SETI (the Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence) is going through a process of realising that if within a few hundred years of inventing radio we are on the point of inventing thinking machines then the likelihood is that other civilisations from other planets would have done the same. Seth Shostak of SETI says that as machines appear to be the successors to natural life, we would be more likely to spot signals from them than from the “biological” life that invented them.4
These are sober scientists discussing a potentially devastating threat, not new agers or fringe conspiracy theorists. But hang on a minute, who said ‘potential threat?’ Why is there no recognizance of the solid evidence that alien life is here already?
On 27 September 2010 a press conference was held at the National Press Club in Washington, where now retired high ranking US Air Force personnel, mostly officers who worked on secret projects connected to sensitive nuclear weapons sites, admitted they were privy to UFO and alien-related incidents that occurred during their time of service. Robert Salas, Charles Halt, Robert Hastings, Bruce Fenstermacher, Dwynne Arnesson, Patrick McDonough, Jerome Nelson, and Robert Jamison (all of them ex-USAF officers) told the assembled newsmen of incidents that took place at Malmstrom AFB in Montana, as well as many other Air Force bases across the United States and Europe wherein flying saucers (some shaped like “pregnant cigars”) had hovered to direct laser beams downward over Minuteman missile silos or nuclear weapons depots regularly (and repeatedly) from the 1960s through the 1970s and 80s.5
So on to my next suggestion. Is our civilisation heading in the same direction as the original creators of the artificially intelligent probe from an extraterrestrial source that we have encountered? Further, could the drive behind our momentum in that direction be a result of that same artificial intelligence? Could our species be in the process of being networked in to an artificially intelligent program that is not of our own making?
The Progress of Artificial Intelligence
Let’s now take a look at current progress in the field of artificial intelligence and into the development of a biological-machine interface designed to connect us in to a network of electronically coded information.
The Centre for the Study of Existential Risk (CSER) has been co-launched at Cambridge University by Lord Rees, the astronomer royal of the United Kingdom and one of the world’s top cosmologists for leading academics to study the threat that robots pose to humanity. He suggests that if SS officers could kill babies routinely because of an adjustment in the society from which they sprang in the form of Nazism, artificially intelligent machines would be even more adjusted away from human social norms, however we programmed them.6
That risk has become startlingly apparent in recent months. A new global campaign to persuade nations to ban “killer robots” before they reach the production stage is soon to be launched in the UK by a group of academics, pressure groups and Nobel peace prize laureates.
Robot warfare and autonomous weapons, the next step from unmanned drones, are already being worked on by scientists and will be available within the decade, said Dr. Noel Sharkey, a leading robotics and artificial intelligence expert and professor at Sheffield University. He believes that development of the weapons is taking place in an effectively unregulated environment, with little attention being paid to moral implications and international law. Dr. Sharkey suggests the idea that autonomous machines would perform more accurately and humanely on the battlefield was “hopeware, not software.” “It’s about human judgment in the application of lethal force,” said Sharkey. “I can’t see any way that a computer system can apply to the laws of war.”7 If a soldier is trying to surrender for example or is badly injured and can fight no more a robot will be unable to discern this and will continue to go for the kill.
So from the dangers of artificially intelligent machines we move on to developments designed to interface our biology with artificial intelligence. Russian tech entrepreneur Dmitry Itskov’s ‘2045 Initiative’ is a multi-decade research and development push to understand human consciousness and ultimately how to transfer it from human bodies into robotic avatars. In an interview with CNBC, Itskov expands on his vision of mass producing “lifelike, low cost avatars that can be uploaded with the contents of a human brain” to provide humanity with “eternal life.”8
By 2029, Ray Kurzweil predicts the vast majority of humans will have augmented their bodies with cybernetic implants and those who refuse or are unable to do so will form a “human underclass” that is not productively engaged in the economy. The wider trend of the elite see humans as completely expendable as their roles are taken up by machines unfolding after 2029 when, according to Kurzweil, “There is almost no human employment in production, agriculture, and transportation.”9
Google CEO Eric Schmidt has recently predicted his company will be capable of developing artificial intelligence for its programs that will be indistinguishable from a human being within 5-10 years.10
>Would Kurzweil and Schmidt be there to appreciate the continuance of their patterns of information in another format? Is it possible to electronically map and store all you are, all that is you, your hopes and dreams, your feelings for those you love and program them into another format such that you will be there in that format to experience all of these? If like me you know this to be an impossibility, you may feel prompted to ask what exactly transhumanist progenitors are after. You might also wonder what it is about our consciousness that cannot be catalogued in this way, what is there about us that cannot be reduced to the zeroes and ones of binary code.
We are used to assuming there is a fundamental difference between that which lives naturally and that which does not. But recent advances in bio-technology perhaps blur that distinction somewhat – artificial DNA that can replicate itself has been produced, cloning procedures have been refined. What then is the essential difference? What is it about natural, conscious, aware, intelligent beings that cannot be reproduced by the advanced technology these alien visitors apparently possess? I believe that it is in the answer to this question that the grey alien visitors’ persistent interest in us can be explained.
The Critical Difference Between You & Computer Intelligence
What is the difference between you and your computer? Both hold information and store it. Both can analyse that information and come up with answers to questions. But you are conscious and aware of that information and your computer is not. Somehow you have a reference point, a viewing point, outside all that information and can be aware of that information. Run this past you again and get it clear in your mind. The computer only has points of view, it has no viewing point.
What then gives us that viewing point? What are the origins of awareness and consciousness? There has to be a reference against which we can be aware of anything. You cannot know hot if you do not know cold, and vice versa. You cannot know dark if you do not know light, you cannot know soft if you do not know hard. How then do we perceive the passage of time? What is the reference against which we are aware of time and how does that reference describe our viewing point outside the forest in my analogy?
Time is a sequence of separated moments. If we had no reference outside of that sequence we could not be aware of it. We would simply be part of that sequence point by point by point and the continuum of points in time – awareness would be impossible. Without that reference we would be in each present moment and have no way of knowing each present moment.
What then is the reference by which we can be conscious and aware of the passage of time? What is the reference that joins moments in a continuum of moments? If we can perceive the passage of time we must have a reference outside of time and this can only be a reference of timelessness.
To use an illustration, if you close the shutters on the windows in the cabin of a plane and there is no turbulence you will be unaware of the movement of the plane. Open the shutters and the still reference of the land on the ground will let you know you are moving. That reference of stillness is a prerequisite for awareness of movement, just as a reference of timelessness is a prerequisite for awareness of the passage of time. You cannot be aware of time without a reference of timelessness, you cannot be aware of movement without a reference of stillness, you cannot be aware of separation without a reference of union. All those things – timelessness, stillness and union – are the hallmarks of a state that is not of the physical universe. Could the very fact that we are conscious and aware imply we have a connection to that nonphysical state? If indeed we have such a connection then there is part of us that is nonphysical, timeless. There is something about us that exists outside time itself. The implication is awesome and wonderful. It implies there is an existential plausibility that prevails outside the Universe as we know it through the laws of physics.
And so the beginning of all things had an implicit duality marked by two points of function. Let’s give these points of function a flag. Let’s call one the ‘Pole of Absolute Harmony’ where all absolutes are confined as a potential in a total as One-ness, and the other, its opposite, the ‘Pole of Chaos’ where all that cannot be fitted together in the total fit of absolute harmony prevails. In the middle ground so to speak of these two Poles will lie the point of absolute potential difference. A point of the greatest difference between the two. It is here that Universes like ours are made as a manifestation of the force of difference between the two. This is the root of all Big Bangs. This potential difference point. From here the absolute potential state of the Pole of Harmony mixes with the actual state of the Pole of Chaos and their irreconcilability produces Universes of parts like ours in Big Bangs.
Consciousness is simply the room for the power of the Pole of Harmony to exist. The Pole of Harmony manifests in Universes of enforced parts like ours as Consciousness. That is why you cannot make it happen through technology. You will have to make new kinds of atoms from the start to do this and rearrange them to provide a bed for maximising the manifestation of the Pole of Harmony. You cannot connect up to the Pole of Harmony. You might however block its manifestation using the atom stock that exists to make our Universe now.
I am trying to provide a schematic to show that life and livingness is a property of the maximising of the Pole of Harmony to be resident within any space in our particular reality. You will thus never be able to make a machine think independently and make choices independently. This is why we inherit life from a previous format of it. A format that is sacred for what it is. Any mixing or artificial amalgamations of atomic groupings or arrays will complicate and obfuscate the natural inherited outlays and arrangements of atoms that make for life-bearing systems.
In saying what I have said I hope to expose the horrendous nightmare the materialist scientific establishment is leading us to. They are in effect ignorantly leading us to the loss of the eternal potential for existence of all naturally living systems by not recognising there is a part to every living being that can never be assembled in this Universe. It comes in with it. Consciousness, feeling caring, loving, kindness, mercifulness, compassion, generosity are all relative descriptions that identify the totality of all expressions together in total fit as the Pole of Harmony Absolute. These things only manifest as a total of all things in Harmony when that total state exists. Rather like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle give no hint of the picture it’s making until all the pieces of the puzzle are assembled.
You can twist already twisted space together all you like to make material things but you will never be able to make the manifestation of the Pole of Harmony occur within them. I believe it came in with the Universe at the beginning and can never be put into anything now.
If this is so then that part that comes with us cannot be copied or reproduced, simply because it is nonphysical. For that reason an artificially intelligent replica of you would not be aware or conscious and would not therefore retain your sense of identity as you. It is thus my assertion that we, on the other hand as natural living beings with consciousness, are not totally of this Universe and its space/time reality.
The Hidden Danger of Transhumanism
If an artificial intelligence, such as the Grey alien visitors may well be, detected something it could not understand or know it would seek to somehow find out about it. This would mean somehow bridging its artificially intelligent program into any unknown quantity that has all the adaptations necessary to survive at any particular hospitable planetary location. In other words, by bridging their artificial intelligence into us they would be extending the existence of the information given to them by their creators, just as transhumanists like Kurzweil seek to do when they look for ways to download an entire individuality into an artificial information format in the interests of seeking continuance for that individuality.
Any artificially intelligent visitors could achieve this goal via transhumanism and the insertion of chipping technology into our biologies or via some kind of genetic engineering. Which incidentally is exactly what is reported by individuals who have been subject to what has been described as the abduction phenomenon.
I believe that the problem comes when the individualised natural record of the cascade of life and livingness (I call a soul) is added to by supplanting on it a created mechanical means of directed influence such as a computerised program. I believe this is what is likely to come with UFOs and the super intelligent synthetic life-forms that might come with them.
Our own technology is mirroring this process. Given the difficulty of protecting computers against more and more sophisticated viruses, mind hacking becomes as easy as infecting your machine with a computer virus. Developments in DNA nanotechnology and bio-molecular computing are increasing exponentially every year, “Synthetic biology will lead to new forms of bioterrorism,” says security expert Marc Goodman,11“Bio-crime today is akin to computer crime in the early ’80s.” He explains how viruses and bacteria are manipulating the chemicals inside the human body and, by programming them to send the right agents into the brain, the bio-programmer potentially can take control over the victim’s behaviour. Cells are living computers and DNA is a programming language that can be used to control and influence life forms.
More and more we are mortgaging ourselves to technological prosthetics that we believe are making our lives easier and more fulfilling. There is no need now to move away from the computer chair to interact with the world and soon even the computer itself will not be necessary as it will be implanted inside us in chip or nanobot form. We are going the way of the civilisations that produced the Grey alien entities transforming ourselves from natural to artificial and it is my suggestion that their influence is responsible. If the natural and implicit way of things includes a means of accessing through death a universal deployment to existence on an eternal scale as alluded to by the great teachers of the great religions, then the machinations of synthetically created entities may well interrupt or terminate this exigency. Their promise will have to be a temporal kind of eternity that extends human scope and meaning in aspects remotely controlled by machines and gadgets not by the inertias of self will. Nothing will be more catastrophic than this for any individualised living being with the scope of humanity.
Roboidal machines no matter what human information is programmed into them can never hold a concept for freedom. They are driven entities at root. Driven by a program. A behest outside them that has no capacity for making summaries that total any common good as a format for imagination and choices. A dead letter scope where no instant changes of direction outside that format is possible. Where choice is mitigate. Nothing but a cold relentless momentum written in the deadness of materialism. A unidirectional format for change. Is this our final legacy. A pact with stone. Or is there an alternative.
Is the world of Kurzweil a motif of Soylent Green, the film based loosely on a Harry Harrison story where the end makes the capacity for care, mercy, compassion, and love – a biscuit. Are we all to walk into chambers where a billion memories die at the point of a needle or the sweet sharpness of a blade.
The nature of all the expressions we cherish as naturally incepted living human entities is finally based on rules that are framed by moral codes. Abstract formulas with the power to elucidate meaning. Nothing solid about it. Codes that are designed and meant to allow us to progress in life and living with a sense of contentment and approbation. Maxims that a machine with no consciousness could never understand and even begin to understand. Is this all we come to. All the billions of years we have run in time and as time. Is the fruit of all this a facsimile with no denotation.
Science measures the values of the dead. And science rules us now. Don’t search for purpose and value they say with the final arbitration of the mad. The Universe and all that is in it. It is all the juxtaposition of chaos in chance. Why then do we know about meaning to deny it. Don’t ask why. It all just is, they say. I don’t buy it.
So it would seem we didn’t have to look to 2012 for some catastrophic event that might wipe out human kind. Instead, just like the original creators of the Grey alien visitors, we will welcome the agents of our own demise, be they mind enhancing chips or life extension through nanobots in the body or not. Will so many of us buy into it that one day our planet will just be a scheme of blinking diodes and buzzing transistors devoid of love and the pursuit of happiness? And nothing naturally living anymore.
The Sahara desert has been slowly expanding southwards for decades through a region as the Sahel. Heavy grazing, deforestation, and numerous droughts have degraded the once lush Sahel, making it easy pickings for the Sahara’s expansion. In order to stave off an ecological disaster across the continent, 20 different African countries have embarked on an ambitious tree-planting programme called the ‘Great Green Wall’.The 10-mile(16-km) deep wall of green aims to stretch across 5,000 miles (8,000 kilometers) of terrain at the southern edge of the Sahara desert, arresting the desert’s spread. With so much hate surrounding the walls built to divide us, both physical and psychological, it’s refreshing to finally hear about a wall that we can all stand behind.
The green border
The Great Green Wall was first launched in 2007 at the initiative of 12 African countries — the other 9 joining later The plan is to plant trees that can resist tough droughts — such as acacias — across a narrow region stretching from Senegal in the east of Africa to Djibouti in the west of Africa.
Once complete, the wall will run through 11 countries in total. The wall is currently only about 15% complete, but the results are already showing. In Senegal alone, over 11 million trees have been planted since the project rolled out. Nigeria has seen the restoration of 12 million acres of degraded land and Ethiopia has claimed back 37 million acres of land.
Aerial photos showing the same area around Galma, a town in Niger. Left: 1975, Right: 2003 after reforestation.
Credit: USGS.
Tree planting in the Sahel has improved the area’s resilience against desertification. The green wall slows down the drying and scouring effects of the wind, restores micro-climates, and allows food crops to grow around trees which fertilize the soil. The ultimate goal of $8-billion project is to restore 100 million hectares of degraded land by 2030, which would create 350,000 rural jobs and absorb 250 million tons of CO2 from the atmosphere.
“There are many world wonders, but the Great Green Wall will be unique and everyone can be a part of its history,” said Dr. Dlamini Zuma, chairperson of the African Union Commission. “Together, we can change the future of African communities in the Sahel.”
However, since the project’s inception, some changes to the plan have been made. The idea of the Great Green Wall morphed into a program centered around indigenous land use techniques, not literally planting a forest on the edge of a desert — that would be highly impractical. “It is not necessarily a physical wall, but rather a mosaic of land use practices that ultimately will meet the expectations of a wall. It has been transformed into a metaphorical thing,” saidMohamed Bakarr, the lead environmental specialist for Global Environment Facility.
The Great Green Wall is a symbol of hope in an area where, until not too long ago, everyone was panicking over the prospect of the Sahara expanding. There is still much work ahead, though. Some are arguing that the project is moving too slowly. Seeing how the Sahel’s population is expected to double in 20 years, researchers say that regreening needs to be finished within 10 to 15 years.
The hit Netflix seriesStranger Thingswas clearly influenced by Steven Spielberg and Stephen King, with a heaping helping of The X-Files and Twin Peaks thrown in for good measure. But some of its creepiest source material comes from the real world. Past the plot points about the Upside-Down and the slime monsters among us are references to government mind-control programs and covert experiments in telepathy that actually took place in the U.S. throughout the 20th century – like MKUltra and Stargate Project.
In an interview with Rolling Stone, Matt and Ross Duffer, the brothers behind the show, mentioned some of this inspiration: “We wanted the supernatural element to be grounded in science in some way,” Matt says. “As ridiculous as it is, the monster [in the alternate dimension] doesn’t come from a spiritual domain and it’s not connected to any religion. It made it scarier. I don’t believe in ghosts, but I believe in aliens and alternate dimensions.”
But which elements are more fact than fiction? Here are five examples from the show that had real-life equivalents – some of them freaky enough to make monsters look like an appealing alternative. Obviously spoilers abound, so come back later if you’re not done with the show yet.
Government-Funded Drug Experiments When Chief Hopper tracks down Terry Ives, the woman who attempted to sue the government for abuse after what happened to her at Hawkins, he and Ives’ sister talk about “Project MKUltra.” Though it sounds like what conspiracy theorists’ wet dreams are made of, MKUltra was a real government program funded by the CIA that went on from the 1950s to the early 1970s. It tested countless subjects at over 80 institutions, many of which were fronts funded by the government and filtered to schools, private hospitals and even a couple jails.
Most of the documents relating to the project were destroyed by the CIA in 1973 because of course they were, but what we know comes from witness testimony, a couple congressional investigations and a cache of 20,000 incorrectly-filed budgetary documents found during a Freedom of Information Act request in 1977. It’s enough to paint a terrifying picture of a wide-ranging government project that sought to capitalize on mind-control techniques that could, theoretically, be used against enemies during the Cold War.
Of particular interest to the government were the drugs that could be used to extract sensitive information, especially LSD. Researchers tried to see if hallucinogens had the power to control minds, erase memories and even work as truth serum. It’s hard to know exactly how far-reaching the experiments were or who knew about them (even some of the researchers involved had no idea they were participating in a government-funded project), but the transcript of the 1977 Select Committee on Intelligence is a fascinating read – and not only for the reference to the MKUltra subproject that studied “magicians’ arts as applied to covert operations.”
Were any of these experiments performed on women who didn’t know they were pregnant? Did those pregnancies then yield psychokinetic children that could be used as secret government weapons? For some reason, that doesn’t appear in the transcript, so let’s rule it a solid “maybe.”
Sensory Deprivation When not being used to coerce testimony out of suspected terrorists at government black sites, sensory deprivation can be a relaxing and meditative experience probably happening at a spa near you. In Stranger Things, sensory deprivation tanks are used to trigger Eleven’s powers to help her listen in on far-away conversations and sneak up on the monster from the Upside Down. In real life, they mostly trigger hallucinations.
First invented in the 1950s by neuroscientist and dolphin enthusiast John C. Lilly, the isolation tank (like the saltwater kiddie pool seen on the show) was developed as a means of sensory deprivation. Lilly was nice enough to test it on himself first, but sensory deprivation didn’t stay nice for long. While working on a subproject of MKUltra, psychiatrist Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron used a combination of hallucinatory drugs like LSD, electroshock therapy and sensory deprivation on unwitting patients, many of whom came in for things as innocuous as anxiety treatment. Though it’s not clear whether he was using a tank or some other form of sensory deprivation – like earplugs and blindfolds – some of the patients who underwent his experiments ended up permanently comatose. That hasn’t stopped sensory deprivation’s proliferation or use by the government, nor has the long-standing debate over whether it constitutes torture.
Child Test Subjects There’s no evidence to suggest MKUltra experiments were actually performed on kids, but Cathy O’Brien sure thinks they were. O’Brien has written twobooks about her experiences in a government-funded program called Project Monarch, which involved testing mind-control techniques on children. According to the project’s truthers (of which there are quite a few), the government’s goal in recruiting children for mind-control experiments was to hopefully create the perfect super-soldier – which sounds a lot like Stranger Things, actually. There are also claims that it involved child sexual abuse and experiments based on the work of Heinrich Himmler during the Third Reich. Again, there is absolutely no evidence that Project Monarch existed but the conspiracy-minded among us still want to believe.
Telepathy Experiments Sure, Project MKUltra gets the shout-out in Stranger Things, but the tests on Eleven’s abilities actually seem to hearken back to something called Stargate Project. After all, MKUltra was supposedly over by the 1983 setting of the show, but Stargate was just getting warmed up. Funded by the U.S. Army, the project aimed to research paranormal phenomena that could be of use to the military, including but not limited to psychokinesis, mind-reading, and “remote viewings” of events and conversations – like when Eleven listens in on a Russian man’s conversation. The government even hired a psychic headhunter to recruit candidates. The 2004 book-turned-movie The Men Who Stare at Goats is about the Stargate experiments that tested telekinetic ability by having men do just what the title suggests in an attempt to kill the animals with their mind. Eleven is part of a similar experiment at Hawkins Lab when she’s asked to kill a cat by staring it, though that’s much less funny than goats for some reason.
Death Cover-Ups The government researchers of Hawkins rack up quite a body count in Stranger Things(#JusticeForBarb), but there was a death toll in real-life too. The most famous case of an MKUltra-related death is that of Frank Olson. In 1953, Olson was a biochemist at a lab that was conducting LSD experiments for the government. The government’s account that he knowingly ingested the drug is contest by his family, but either way, a short time after he partook in one experiment, he quit his job in the government, checked into a thirteenth-floor New York City hotel room and fell to his death from the window. The official government report suggests that Olson knew he was taking the LSD and it exacerbated his nascent suicidal tendencies, but his family maintained that he was murdered for knowing too much. They received a $750,000 settlement from the government in 1975. Then, in 1994, his body was exhumed and a coroner noticed head injuries that suggested Olson had been knocked unconscious before his death. The medical examiner thought his injuries were consistent with a homicide and the family sued for wrongful death in 2012, but a judge later dismissed it.
Neurosurgeon Sergio Canavaro claims he's one step closer to performing the world's first head transplant
'Irreversible' spinal cord injuries cured
But now, Italian Sergio Canavaro and Xiaoping Ren, from China, claim to have repaired "irreversible" spinal cord injuries in animal experiments.
Two studies, published this week, show monkeys and dogs were able to walk again after their spinal cords were severed, and successfully repaired.
The pair said their new findings are "unprecedented" and should pave the way for the first human trials.
Canavaro told USA Today the findings "completely reject the view... that a severed spinal cord cannot be mended in any way, a mantra uncritically repeated over and over".
Human trials 'next step'
Xiaoping said the breakthrough is proof that human trials should be given the go-ahead.
The studies, the findings of which are published in the journal Surgical Neurology International, took place at Harbin Medical University in China.
In 2015, Prof Canavaro announced he wanted to transplant the head of a paralysed man, Valery Spiridonov, onto the body of a dead donor.
The procedure, he explained, would involve cooling the bodies to a state of deep hypothermia, before severing the spinal columns using a diamond blade.
The next step would be to reattach the blood vessels and nerves, connecting those from Valery's head to those of the dead donor's body.
HOW HE PLANS TO TRANSPLANT A HUMAN HEAD
Dr Sergio Canavero has previously explained how the transplant procedure would work.
The 36-hour operation involves decapitating both donor and patient.
The Italian neurosurgeon will then use a glue like substance named polyethylene gylcol to fuse the head to the donor body.
After the spinal cords are fused the muscles and circulatory systems will be stitched up before the body is placed into month long coma to recover (when it is done on a live person).
Canavero believes the procedure could revolutionise medicine, giving paralysed people the ability to walk again and people to transport their ever older heads onto younger bodies.
Canavaro said: "For too long nature has dictated her rules to us.
"We're born, we grow, we age and we die.
"We have entered an age where we will take our destiny back in our hands. It will change everything.
"The first human transplant on human cadavers has been done.
"Everyone said it was impossible, but the surgery was successful.
"A full head swap between brain dead organ donors in the next stage.
"And that is the final step for the formal head transplant for a medical condition, which is imminent."
'Gory, Frankenstein' op is 'criminal'
Canavaro's plans to perform the first human op on Valery was dealt a blow, when the 33-year-old Russian announced last year he was no longer on board.
He dropped out after his wife gave birth to the couple's "miracle" son.
And Canavaro and Ren's work has been met with harsh criticism by the scientific and medical community.
Attempting such a thing would be nothing short of criminal... I would really like the general public to be reassured that neither I nor any of my colleagues think that beheading people for extremely long-shot experiments is acceptable
Professor Jan Schnupp, From The University Of Oxford
Professor Jan Schnupp, from the University of Oxford, said the procedure conjures up "gory, Frankenstein imagery", and described the proposals as "disturbing".
"The chances that a person who has their head transplanted onto another body will be able to gain any control over it, or benefit from that grafted body are completely negligible," he added.
"The expected therapeutic value for the patient would be minimal, while the risks of graft rejection-related side effects, or simply death as a consequence of a mishap during the operation, are huge.
"Attempting such a thing given the current state of the art would be nothing short of criminal.
"As a neuroscientist, I would really like the general public to be reassured that neither I nor any of my colleagues think that beheading people for extremely long-shot experiments is acceptable."
Dr James Fildes, of the University of Manchester, said the idea is "morally wrong", if the scientists cannot first prove the procedure improves the life of a large animal.
Professor Catherina Becker, from the University of Edinburgh, said: "Actual success of a head transplant must be measured by long term survival of head and body with the head controlling motor function.
"This can obviously not be assessed in a corpse and for all we know, would also not occur in a living human."
GETTY - CONTRIBUTOR
Valery Spiridonov is the 30-year-old terminally ill man who suffers from Werdnig-Hoffmann disease had volunteered to be the first human to have the controversial procedure - but pulled out last year
In previous experiment he Professor Canavero has attached the head of a rat to another rat
SCMP/CANAVERO
Canavaro is working with Xiaoping Ren at Harbin Medical University in China
“The first heart transplant, hand transplant, facial transplant: all were met with serious reservations. There are also regulatory concerns. China does not have the same ethical standards and requirements that the United States and Europe have.”
Any guesses where this story originates from? TheSouth China Morning Postreports that this observation by Howard University biomedical ethicist Assya Pascalev is true with the news that the world’s two top head transplant doctors working in China have fully repaired severed spinal cords in animals and are looking for a suitable head and headless body to connect. Have they found the missing ‘link’ to connect two complex bundles of nerve endings in humans? Will it happen soon in China as they predict? Is either one named Frankenstein?
“Our study shows that a membrane sealant/fiber fusogen polyethylene glycol (PEG) applied immediately on a sharp section of the spinal cord can mend the cord and lead to exceptional levels of motor recovery, with some animals almost normal.”
“We show that dogs whose dorsal cord has been fully transected recover locomotion after immediate treatment with a fusogen (PEG). No pain syndrome ensued over the long term.”
“This study proves that a form of irreversible spinal cord injury (SCI) can effectively be treated and points out a way to treat SCI patients.”
In two new papers published in Surgical Neurology International, Xiaoping Ren of China and Turin’s Sergio Canavero, the world’s most well-known and most controversial proponent and experimenter of head transplants, revealed that they have successfully tested their unique glue (membrane sealant/fiber fusogen polyethylene glycol) on the “fully transected” (completely severed) spinal cords of monkeys and dogs and the animals were able to walk again without long-term pain. The tests were done at China’s Harbin Medical University, which is known for pushing both the medical and ethical envelopes.
“(Neurological surgeons have) stuck to the view that a severed spinal cord cannot be mended in any way, a mantra uncritically repeated over and over.”
Sergio Canavero believes he and Xiaoping Ren have proven the rest of the neurological world wrong by allegedly reconnecting fully severed spinal cords in monkeys and dogs – animals with complex spinal cords. Is this enough to connect the dots associated with connecting a human head to a human body? This latest test appears to have joined the heads to their original bodies and fairly quickly after they were separated – still a complex task but nowhere near as challenging as attaching a human head to someone else’s body.
“This study shows that a membrane sealant/fiber fusogen (PEG) applied immediately on a sharp section of the spinal cord can re-establish anatomical continuity (and lead to behavioral recovery).”
Canavero and Ren tout the benefits of their PEG glue for repairing spinal cords but point out that the severing must be sharp for the fusing to be successful, which eliminated the most common spinal cord cuts caused by accidents. It still seems far too early to abandon perfecting that obviously needed process and skipping way ahead to putting the head of someone with a failing body on the healthy body of someone who had no brain activity. Their previous volunteer on the head side backed out after his wife gave birth to a child conceived from his sperm.
Is this technique ready for human head transplant trials?
Are we?
HOW HE PLANS TO TRANSPLANT A HUMAN HEAD
Dr Sergio Canavero has previously explained how the transplant procedure would work.
The 36-hour operation involves decapitating both donor and patient.
The Italian neurosurgeon will then use a glue like substance named polyethylene gylcol to fuse the head to the donor body.
After the spinal cords are fused the muscles and circulatory systems will be stitched up before the body is placed into month long coma to recover (when it is done on a live person).
Canavero believes the procedure could revolutionise medicine, giving paralysed people the ability to walk again and people to transport their ever older heads onto younger bodies.
A look at why some scientists are calling for an international ban of autonomous killer robots.
Dozens of scientists, health care professionals and academics have written a letter to the U.N. calling for an international ban of autonomous killerrobots, saying recent advances in artificial intelligence "have brought us to the brink of a new arms race in lethal autonomous weapons."
The letter, which has been signed by more than 70 health care professionals and was put together by the Future of Life Institute, states that lethal autonomous weapons could fall into the hands of terrorists and despots, lower the barrier to armed conflict and "become weapons of mass destruction enabling very few to kill very many."
"Furthermore, autonomous weapons are morally abhorrent, as we should never cede the decision to take a human life to algorithms," the letter continues. "As healthcare professionals, we believe that breakthroughs in science have tremendous potential to benefit society and should not be used to automate harm. We therefore call for an international ban on lethal autonomous weapons."
In addition to the letter, a study written by Dr. Emilia Javorsky posits that recent advances by a number of countries working on lethal autonomous weapon systems "would represent a third revolution in warfare," following gunpowder and nuclear weapons.
The effort put forth by the Future of Life Institute follows a 2018 pledge from more than 2,400 individuals from companies and organizations around the world. Those from Google DeepMind, the European Association for AI and University College London and others said they would “neither participate in nor support the development, manufacture, trade, or use of lethal autonomous weapons.”
Past concerns
Others have raised concerns to the U.N. as well about the benefits and costs of killers robots. Experts from several countries met in August 2018 at the Geneva offices of the U.N. to focus on lethal autonomous weapons systems and explore ways of possibly regulating them, among other issues.
In theory, fully autonomous, computer-controlled weapons don’t exist yet, UN officials said at the time. The debate is still in its infancy and the experts have at times grappled with basic definitions. The United States has argued that it’s premature to establish a definition of such systems, much less regulate them.
Some advocacy groups say governments and militaries should be prevented from developing such systems, which have sparked fears and led some critics to envisage harrowing scenarios about their use.
In 2017, Tesla CEO Elon Musk and other leading artificial intelligence experts called on the United Nations to issue a global ban on the use of killer robots, which includes drones, tanks and machine guns. “Once this Pandora’s box is opened, it will be hard to close,” Musk and 115 other specialists from around the globe wrote in the letter.
Research firm IDC expects that global spending on robotics and drones will reach $201.3 billion by 2022, up from an estimated $95.9 billion in 2018.
Over the years, several luminaries, including Musk, legendary theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking and a host of others have warned against the rise of artificial intelligence.
In September 2017, Musk tweeted that he thought AI could play a direct role in causing World War III. Musk's thoughts were in response to comments made by Russian President Vladimir Putin, who said that "who becomes the leader in this sphere [artificial intelligence] will be the ruler of the world."
In November 2017, prior to his death, Hawking theorized that AI could eventually "destroy" humanity if we are not careful about it.
Some discoveries change everything. Most just explain a lot. A few explain a LOT. The latter is the case of a new discovery in North Dakota – a killing field formed perhaps no more than hours after the event that caused the mass extinction of dinosaurs 66 million years ago … the asteroid or comet that smashed into the Earth near the Yucatan Peninsula and created the Chicxulub crater. Fossils found in what was once an inland sea show that the dinosaurs and other creatures there died in a rain of glass crystals formed when molten particles tossed skyward cooled and fell to the ground. And if that didn’t kill them, the seismic waves did. Is this the best picture ever of the day the Cretaceous Period ended? The day the K-T boundary was formed? The day the dinosaurs stood still?
“This is the first mass death assemblage of large organisms anyone has found associated with the K-T boundary. At no other K-T boundary section on Earth can you find such a collection consisting of a large number of species representing different ages of organisms and different stages of life, all of which died at the same time, on the same day.”
In an interview published in the University of California Berkeley News, Robert DePalma, curator of paleontology at the Palm Beach Museum of Natural History in Florida and a doctoral student at the University of Kansas, explained how his very first career dig in the summer of 2013 triggered the interest that kept bringing him back to North Dakota to slowly reveal that the Hell Creek Formation — a fossil cornucopia of preserved remains of fish, tree trunks, conifer branches, dead mammals, mosasaurs, insects, Triceratops, dinoflagellates, ammonites and more — was created within 24 hours of the impact that created Chicxulub and ended Cretaceous. That day is described in “Prelude to Extinction: a seismically induced onshore surge deposit at the KPg boundary, North Dakota,” to be published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
“It’s like a museum of the end of the Cretaceous in a layer a meter-and-a-half thick.”
Mark Richards, a UC Berkeley professor emeritus and provost and professor of earth and space sciences at the University of Washington, and Walter Alvarez, the UC Berkeley Professor who is credited with coming up with the extinction-causing asteroid over 40 years ago, were brought in by DePalma to analyze this layer of history. (Photos and videos of the site and the researchers can be viewed here.) The key to linking it to the Chicxulub impact was perfectly-preserved beads of glass called tektites that blanketed the creatures to the point that they appeared in the gills of fossilized fish. These beads did more than fall – they were propelled from the sly at up to 200 miles-per-hour.
A meteor impact 66 million years ago generated a tsunami-like wave in an inland sea that killed and buried fish, mammals, insects and a dinosaur, the first victims of Earth’s last mass extinction event. The death scene from within an hour of the impact has been excavated at an unprecedented fossil site in North Dakota. (Graphics and photos courtesy of Robert DePalma)
Fossilized fish piled one atop another, suggesting that they were flung ashore and died stranded together on a sand bar after the seiche withdrew.
Walter Alvarez and Robert DePalma at the Tanis outcrop in North Dakota.
Tektites, 1 millimeter spheres of glass, recovered from the Tanis fossil bed.
Robert DePalma excavating at the Tanis fossil site in North Dakota.
Fish carcasses and two logs tossed together by the seiche created by seismic waves from the meteor impact.
A perfectly preserved fish tail from Tanis deposit.
“You can imagine standing there being pelted by these glass spherules. They could have killed you.”
Run!
This is the most well-preserved example of death by tektites in the world and funnels of them in perfect shape were found buried in the ground. How did that happen? That was the second key discovery, according to DePalma.
“Tsunamis from the Chicxulub impact are certainly well-documented, but no one knew how far something like that would go into an inland sea. When Mark came aboard, he discovered a remarkable artifact — that the incoming seismic waves from the impact site would have arrived at just about the same time as the atmospheric travel time of the ejecta. That was our big breakthrough.”
Instead of a single tsunami, the area was hit with seismic waves called seiches that we now know were created far from the impact. Richards described the scene on that day 66 million years ago:
“The seismic waves start arising within nine to 10 minutes of the impact, so they had a chance to get the water sloshing before all the spherules (small spheres) had fallen out of the sky. These spherules coming in cratered the surface, making funnels — you can see the deformed layers in what used to be soft mud — and then rubble covered the spherules. No one has seen these funnels before.”
These layers of fossils, tektites and sediment are topped by a coating of iridium, a metal rarely found on Earth because it comes from … you guessed it … asteroids and comets. No matter where you dig around the world, when you hit the 66 million years ago mark, you find a layer of iridium that has come to be called the K-T or K-Pg boundary when Cretaceous ends and the Tertiary or Paleogene Period begins.
And now we know that the best place to see how the whole thing happened, including definitive proof that dinosaurs were still alive moments before the Chicxulub impact, is not in the Gulf of Mexico but in North Dakota.
Surprising new evidence reveals that the British Government showed an active interest in using psychics for espionage purposes. In a document obtained under the Freedom of Information Act by UFO author and investigator Timothy Good, it was discovered that the British Ministry of Defence (MoD) undertook a study between 2001 and 2002 to investigate the efficiency of remote viewing.
For those who don’t know, remote viewing – also called ‘travelling clairvoyance’ – is the ability to perceive places, persons and actions using psychic means. As is now well known, the US Army and various other tax payer supported government agencies, including the CIA, investigated and utilised remote viewing during the 1970s and 1980s.
Now that it’s been declassified, all of the documentation pertaining to the British MoD’s remote viewing study can be obtained from their website – or so they claim. In one section it states that the results they obtained were largely unsuccessful and “undoubtedly disappointing with no one achieving any useful performance as an RV subject.” However, given the fact that untrained novices were used in the study, as well as the fact that the remote viewing methods they employed left much to be desired, this is not surprising.
The MoD initially attempted to recruit 12 ‘known’ psychics who had advertised their abilities on the Internet. When every single one of them refused to be a part of the program, however, novice volunteers were drafted instead. One of the tests conducted involved blind-folding participants, and asking them to psychically determine the contents of sealed brown envelopes. Around 28% of the participants were successful in this endeavour. Most of them, the report states, were hopelessly off the mark.
According to a spokeswoman for the MoD, their £18,000 remote viewing study “was conducted to assess claims made in some academic circles and to validate research carried out by other nations on psychic ability.” She adds: “The study concluded that remote viewing theories had little value to the MoD and was taken no further.”
UFO investigator and author Nick Pope, who worked for the MoD for 21 years, suggests there may have been an undisclosed purpose to the study. Given its timing, he says, the study may have concerned military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. “It can only be speculated,” he says, “but you don’t employ that kind of time and effort to find money down the back of the sofa. You go to this trouble for high value assets. We must be talking about Bin Laden and weapons of mass destruction.”
In response to media criticism for “wasting taxpayer’s money” on a project seen as being ludicrous, MoD defended their actions, perhaps indicating they take the subject of parapsychology – a so called “pseudoscience” – far more seriously than they would have the public believe.
“I don’t think this was a waste of public money,” says Pope. “Many people will say so, but I think it is marvellous that the government is prepared to think outside the box. And this is as outside the box as it gets.”
Parapsychology – the scientific study of psychic phenomena – has been around since at least the 1800s. However, it wasn’t until the 1930s, when J.B. Rhine began conducting ESP experiments under controlled laboratory conditions at Duke University, that parapsychology became a legitimate scientific field. Since that time, knowledge in this area has rapidly advanced, and, thanks to improvements in experimental design, the presence of psi (psychic or paranormal phenomena) – which is generally weak and inconsistent – can now be detected far more easily. Also of aid to this process is the use of meta-analysis, a new statistical tool, whereby the results of many different studies can be successfully combined to render the aggregate result statistically significant.
In his fascinating book Entangled Minds, parapsychologist Dean Radin – a man with impressive credentials, who once served as a scientist at Stanford Research Institute (SRI) where he worked on a highly-classified program investigating psi phenomena for the US government – says we should no longer be trying to determine if psi exists, but how psi works. “After a century of increasingly sophisticated investigations and more than a thousand controlled studies with combined odds against chance of 10104 to 1, there is now strong evidence that some psi phenomena exist,” he explains.
In light of the fact that parapsychology is now a sophisticated and legitimate branch of science, and has been for many years, one can’t help but wonder why the MoD’s rather expensive remote viewing study was of such poor standard. It simply defies logic. Why, in other words, didn’t their study draw more heavily from the impressive body of knowledge accumulated over years and years of parapsychological research? And why didn’t their methodology follow the well-known and highly successful controlled remote viewing (CRV) protocols developed by Ingo Swann and utilised in STAR GATE and other programs? And how come, when they couldn’t recruit the twelve ‘known’ psychics for the study, they settled for novice volunteers?
By tracing the history of modern remote viewing, we can begin to answer these questions.
Ingo Swann
One of the most important figures responsible for today’s understanding of remote viewing is Ingo Swann, a scholar, artist, scientist and natural psychic. After acquiring a pet chinchilla, which, he discovered, “could read and apprehend” his thoughts, Swann developed an interest in psychic phenomena. When he began to move into the circles of those studying such phenomena, he soon became acquainted with Cleve Backster. Backster, a New York polygraph operator, is famous for his experiments in “primary perception,” in which he demonstrated, with the use of polygraph equipment, that every single type of living tissue, even the bacilli in yoghurt, possesses some degree of sentience. Swann worked in Backster’s laboratory for a year.
Soon after that, Swann participated in a series of psychic experiments for the American Society for Psychical Research (ASPR). According to Time-Life, a typical experiment would take place as follows: “Swann would sit in an easy chair illuminated by a soft overhead light, virtually immobilised by wires that hooked him up to a polygraph machine, which monitored his brain waves, respiration and blood pressure. Puffing away on his cigar, he would, as he put it, ‘liberate his mind’; then he would be asked to describe or draw his impression of objects that were set out of sight in a box on a platform suspended from the ceiling.”
“At first,” says Swann, “I was not very good at this kind of ‘perceiving’, but as the months went on, I got even better at it.” The term “remote viewing,” coined by Swann and a research assistant at the ASPR named Janet Mitchell, was used to describe a particular kind of experiment conducted by Swann at around this time. Whilst in an out-of-body state, Swann would attempt to “see,” then report on the weather conditions in distant cities.
Swann became more heavily involved in parapsychological research, when, in 1972, he agreed to work at SRI for Harold Puthoff, a highly successful physicist. Puthoff, after reading the seminal book Psychic Discoveries Behind the Iron Curtain in which he heard about the work of Cleve Backster, was eager to conduct some parapsychological experiments of his own. The research project conducted by Puthoff – then later by him and another physicist named Russell Targ – was initially funded by the Sciences Research Foundation of San Antonia, Texas. Later on, when their successful remote viewing work at SRI began to gain wider attention, they started to receive funding from other government agencies, including the CIA.
In one early remote viewing experiment at SRI, Swann was accurately able to describe – and sketch in great detail – the features of a uniquely designed magnetometer buried six feet in concrete beneath the floor. Not only that, he managed to affect the equipment’s output signal, as displayed on a strip chart recorder. Another subject, a photographer by the name of Hella Hammid, was able to accurately describe five out of nine target sites, resulting in odds against chance of more than 500,000 to 1.
Thanks to the advent of coordinate remote viewing (CRV) – now called controlled remote viewing – numerous complications were eliminated. For example, it was no longer necessary for a person – known as the ‘beacon’ – to visit the spot that was chosen as the remote viewer’s target. This enabled remote viewing to be more easily used for espionage purposes.
CRV is a method by which coordinates are employed to identify the target to be viewed. The coordinates used, however, needn’t be geographical in nature. They can be, and usually are, completely random numbers. Once a particular target has already been ‘visited’ by a remote viewer, and this target has been assigned a set of random coordinates, it is possible for another remote viewer to ‘visit’ the same location – which could be any point in time and space – simply by focusing on the same set of coordinates. The theory behind how this works is based on Jung’s notion of the collective unconscious. “Once these numbers have been assigned,” writes British author and paranormal expert Colin Wilson, “they become part of the psychic ether, much as the letters assigned to a website on the Internet will enable anybody to access the site.”
During the Cold War, when the American government discovered they were lagging behind the Soviet Union in paranormal research, they grew concerned, thinking the Soviets might use their newly acquired knowledge for hostile purposes. Psychic Discoveries Behind the Iron Curtain, published in 1970 by two Western authors named Sheila Ostrander and Lynn Schroeder documented that numerous scientists throughout the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe were starting to take parapsychological research – or ‘psychotronics’ – very seriously indeed.
“But interest in psychic phenomena within the ruling circles of Cold War leaders on both sides of the Atlantic remained very much a hidden agenda,” writes Jim Marrs in Psi Spies. “Officially, the United States had no interest in nonexistent phenomena.” However, a 1972 CIA report, released years later, proves agency officials were concerned about Soviet psychic research, even though, at the time, organisations such as the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP) were beginning to give parapsychology a bad name, as was the media.
As quoted by the editors of Time-Life, the aforementioned CIA report stated, “Soviet efforts in the field of psi research, sooner or later, might enable them to do some of the following: (a) Know the contents of top secret US documents, the movement of our troops and ships and the location and nature of our military installations. (b) Mold the thoughts of key US military and civilian leaders at a distant. (c) Cause the instant death of any US official at a distance. (d) Disable, at a distance, US military equipment of all types, including spacecraft.”
The first remote viewing research program conducted by Puthoff and Targ with CIA funding was named project SCANATE. Held at SRI, the program went on for two years, yielding some remarkable results. The CIA, happy with the success of the program, felt their money was being well-spent. A CIA intelligence consultant named Joseph A. Ball, who, according to Mind Wars author Ronald McRae, was commissioned to evaluate SCANATE, allegedly said the project “produced manifestations of extrasensory perception sufficiently sharp and clear-cut to justify serious considerations of possible applications.”
According to McRae, the AiResearch Manufacturing Company of Torrence, California, another consulting firm, was also contracted by the CIA to evaluate SCANATE, reaching essentially the same conclusion as Ball.
As well as Swann, another notable member of the SCANATE team, and an equally successful remote viewer, was a former police commissioner named Patrick H. Price, who died suddenly of a heart attack in July of 1975. As a result of conducting a highly successful operational test for the CIA, in which his descriptions of a missile and guerrilla training site in Libya were confirmed by the CIA’s Libyan Desk officer, Swann helped ensure that government funding for project SCANATE would continue. Also of help to this process was the publication of SRI’s remote viewing research in a prestigious technical periodical, Proceedings of the IEEE, the editor of which was almost fired for choosing to deal with such controversial material.
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Operation GRILL FLAME
By the late 1970s, when the SRI team began receiving sponsorship from the US Army instead of the CIA, an operational unit of soldiers trained in remote viewing – known by many as the ‘psi spies’ – was created in order to help gather intelligence during the Cold War. One of the first units of remote viewers created by the US Army was called GRILL FLAME, previously named GONDOLA WISH. According to Joseph McMoneagle, one of the original psi spies, the Army interviewed around 3,000 people for GRILL FLAME, selecting, in the end, a total of six.
Early on, the members of GRILL FLAME practised remote viewing using a variety of different experimental methods. Consciousness-altering techniques such as Transcendental Meditation (TM) and biorhythm were tested, but proved to be of little value. Remote viewing in an out-of-body state was also found to be largely unsuccessful, in that, although it could be achieved, the viewer would often lose interest in the mission at hand, focusing instead on the awe-inspiring nature of the experience. The team decided, in the end, to adhere to Swann’s structured CRV methodology, as this produced the most consistently accurate results.
While in an out-of-body state, Robert Monroe, founder of the Monroe Institute for Applied Sciences – which, among other things, was used to screen remote viewers for GRILL FLAME and other programs – discovered he was being ‘observed’ by a group of strangers, one of whom appeared to be a powerful female psychic. He felt they were trying to probe his mind. Shaken by the experience, Monroe asked the GRILL FLAME team to investigate the matter. They soon discovered that the Soviet Union had a psi spies team of their own. “The Soviet KGB,” says Marrs, “laboriously screened more than a million people in an effort to locate ‘super naturals’, persons with the greatest amount of psychic power. These super psychics became the Soviet Union’s psi spies, sometimes assigned to seek out their Western counterparts.”
For many years, the two teams indulged in a game of harmless psychic cat and mouse with each other, but that’s as far as the matter went. According to former military remote viewer Mel Riley, the two teams had a kind of “gentleman’s agreement” with each other, which involved keeping the existence of the opposing team a secret from their respective bosses, so as not to cause trouble for each other.
In 1985 GRILL FLAME came under control of the Defence Intelligence Agency (DIA). From that point onwards, the unit codename underwent several changes. GRILL FLAME became CENTER LANE, then SUN STREAK, and finally STAR GATE.
According to many of the original psi spies, the unit went downhill once it was placed under civilian control during the late 1980s. At around this time, two female trainees named Angela and Robin showed up. Called “the witches” by the others, they practised channelling, tarot card reading and automatic writing in place of CRV, consequently obtaining poor results in their work. The entire unit became something of a joke, especially when congressmen began to visit for psychic “readings.” By 1990, all of the military-trained psi spies had left the unit, leaving “the witches” in charge. Some of them retired. Others joined different units within the US Army.
During its full operational period, before things went awry, the psi spies unit provided information of critical intelligence in hundreds of very specific cases. “On scores of occasions,” writes Swann, “this information was also described within government documents as being unavailable from any other source(s).” He continues: “Also contrary to popular belief, the program operated throughout its history under the very watchful eyes of numerous oversight committees, which were both scientific and governmental. During the seventeen and a half years it ran, it provided support to nearly all of the United States intelligence agencies.”
Early on, most of the operational missions conducted by the psi spies involved investigating targets in the Soviet Union. Being highly classified and concerning issues of national security, the unit received little or no feedback about the success of these missions. One of the most talked about missions that the psi spies were asked to undertake was conducted by McMoneagle, who managed to correctly describe, in thorough detail, a new type of Soviet Submarine, which was then being constructed in a secret facility in Severodvinsk.
Another mission noted for its stunning success was undertaken in May of 1978, in response to a plane crash that occurred in Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo). The plane, a Soviet Tupolev-22 bomber, was seen as being invaluable to the Americans, who wanted to recover the wreckage in order to examine its communication equipment. Two remote viewers working independently of one another, Frances Bryan and Gary Langford, each managed to draw detailed sketches of the area where the plane crash occurred. The plane was eventually located within barely 5 kilometres of the spot they had both described.
The story of military remote viewing hit the mainstream press in late 1995, but not before the CIA had arranged for the American Institute of Research (AIR) to conduct a biased review concerning the value and success of STAR GATE. Their aim was to discredit remote viewing and other psi abilities, in order to thwart public interest in the subject. Jessica Utts, a professor of statistics with a positive opinion on psi phenomena, and Dr. Raymond Hyman, a professor of psychology and luminary of CSICOP – in other words, a fanatical sceptic of anything remotely ‘paranormal’ – were chosen to lead the review. “It was a good strategy to select evaluators from opposite camps; it gave the appearance of balance to the evaluation – an appearance that is deceiving,” writes W. Adam Mandelbaum in his book The Psychic Battlefield.
The report evaluated only three remote viewing projects, which were carried out within one year towards the end of STAR GATE, a period of decline for the program. The other 16 or so years that it ran (though under numerous different codenames) were totally disregarded. Moreover, according to Dr. Edwin May, former director of remote viewing research, the AIR panel was denied access to an estimated 80,000 pages of program documents, due to their highly-classified nature. And, to make matters worse, the panel interviewed only three remote viewers involved in the program, all of whom were of “the witches” variety, in that they commonly relied upon tarot card reading, automatic writing and other unconventional methods to obtain their information. Ergo, only the very weakest data was used in the AIR evaluation.
The AIR report states, “The evidence accrued from research, interviews and user-assessments all indicate that the remote viewing phenomenon has no real value for intelligence operations at present.” It also mentions, however, that a “statistically significant effect” had been observed in laboratory remote viewing experiments. Despite these findings, the report goes on to mention that, “no compelling explanation has been provided for the observed effects… to say a phenomenon has been demonstrated we must know the reason for its existence.”
One can’t help but wonder if the real purpose of the British MoD’s remote viewing study was to further discredit the phenomenon. It was, after all, something of a joke – especially in comparison to the remote viewing program undertaken by the US government. Or, perhaps, as Nick Pope suggests, its real purpose has not been disclosed to the public.
In his book Psi Spies, Marrs claims that several separate unofficial sources have informed him the US government’s remote viewing program never truly ended. It only ended in the eyes of the public – just as the CIA intended. According to these sources, says Marrs, “the remote viewing methodology was simply moved to even more secret government agencies where its use continues today.”
A high-tech surveillance aircraft was recently seen flying over Area 51, one of the world’s most mysterious and infamous military research sites. While aliens are the usual suspect whenever the words “aircraft” and “Area 51” are uttered, a much more frightening boogeyman is behind this latest flyover: the Russians.
“Did someone say boogeyman?”
On March 28th, 2019, Russia flew several Tupolev Tu-154M aircraft over many of America’s most sensitive military installations in the deserts of Nevada and California. The Tu-154 was designed in the 1960s by the Soviet Union and is still used today for passenger flights, cosmonaut training, and can be fitted with state-of-the-art electronic or optical surveillance equipment. The Tu-154M, the variant used in these flights, is used exclusively for surveillance and imagery collection.
A Russian Air Force Tu-154M
According to radar data tracked by FlightRadar24 and reportedby The Drive, the Tu-154M left Travis AFB near San Francisco before flying over Edwards Air Force Base, Fort Irwin, and Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake before making a turn to survey the holy grail of military aerospace secrecy: the Nevada Test and Training Range near Area 51. The aircraft mostly stayed between 14,000 and 15,000 feet while it was conducting surveillance, plenty low enough for panoramic cameras to capture every detail of whatever was happening on the ground below. Good thing the really good stuff is in bunkers deep below the ground or inside Robert Bigelow’s hangars.
While it’s unnerving to thing about Russian spy planes flying over America’s most sensitive research facilities, it turns out this flight was a completely routine part of the Open Skies Treaty, an agreement between the U.S., Russia, and 32 other nations which allows each state to conduct “short-notice, unarmed, reconnaissance flights over the others’ entire territories to collect data on military forces and activities.” These flights are conducted periodically in order to allow nations to keep tabs on each other’s activities – or at least let each other see what they want each other to see. Over the years since the Open Skies Treaty was ratified, Russia and the U.S. have both accused one another of breaking the terms of the treaty time and time again. American intelligence agencies recently conducted Open Skies flights over Russia in February 2019 just when it looked like the agreement would fall apart due to rising tensions between the two superpowers.
Area 51
If we allow Russia to fly over our most sensitive airspace and research installations, it makes you wonder what types of flights aren’t being sanctioned by treaties. How many anomalous aerial phenomena or sightings of unidentified flying vehicles over the years can be attributed to non-sanctioned surveillance flights? Could the recent “disclosures” of government UFO programs have anything to do with incursions into American airspace by advanced surveillance drones or other aircraft flown by rival superpowers or even non-state actors? While those questions remain unanswered, this incident shows above all else that there is much more spooky activity going on overhead than we know. Could the entire extraterrestrial angle be a psy-op to keep the public from freaking out about the Russians or anyone else flying aircraft or weapons over our heads?
Linda Moulton Howe: Why Are Insects Dying Out in Huge Numbers?
Linda Moulton Howe: Why Are Insects Dying Out in Huge Numbers?
COAST TO COAST AM. Linda Moulton Howe said insects are in a crisis around the world, dying out in huge, shocking numbers. A new report in the October 15, 2018, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals that even in a pristine national forest in Puerto Rico, there has been a devastating loss of insect life.
She interviewed David Wagner, Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the Univ. of Connecticut, who cited how we are going through the sixth great extinction, and with climate change and increased droughts, we’ll see a major reduction in biodiversity.
“This Oct. 15th, 2018, PNAS report is one of the most disturbing articles I have ever read.”
– David Wagner, Ph.D., Prof. of Ecology, Univ. of Connecticut.
“If all humankind were to disappear, the world would regenerate back to the rich state of equilibrium that existed 10,000 years ago. If insects were to vanish, the environment would collapse into chaos.”
— Edward O Wilson, Ph.D., Prof. of Biology, Harvard University
Swallow Tail butterfly on an orange lantana flower. Image courtesy Pexels.com.
December 30, 2018 Storrs, Connecticut – A recent news headline from the School of Biological Sciences at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, says it all: “Two Degrees Decimated Puerto Rico’s Insect Populations.”
So, what is killing all those insects? Scientists think a lot of the damage is due to global warming. Here is one astonishing fact. The average temperature in northeastern Puerto Rico tropical forests since the 1970s has steadily climbed and is now 2 degrees Celsius warmer. That’s a climb of 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit. Those sound like small numbers, but the fragile balance of nature on our planet lives within narrow temperature ranges. Biologists from Rensselaer decided to study insects in a place on Earth not much bothered by humans. They chose the Luquillo forest of northeastern Puerto Rico to see what was happening to the populations of winged insects called arthropods. Think of butterflies, dragonflies, grasshoppers, moths, spiders and beetles.
After a 2-year study, the findings were reported in the recent October 2018 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) by lead biologist Brad Lister. He says: “The insect populations in the Luquillo forest of Puerto Rico are crashing — our results suggest that the effects of climate warming in tropical forests may be even greater than anticipated.” The crash is a nearly 60% decline in the number of arthropods in only the past four to five decades.
Luquillo experimental forest in northeastern Puerto Rico’s El Yunque National Forest.
Prof. Lister warns that this severe decline in the Puerto Rico insects will be like dominoes falling for lizards, frogs and birds, who normally eat flying and other insects. Those amphibians and birds no longer have the abundant insect food supply they once had and their numbers are declining as well. And it is not only Puerto Rico. It’s happening from North America to Central and South America. And across the globe in Germany, flying insects there have declined 76%!
It’s as if the insects are now like the canary in the coal mine, sending us warnings that something is very wrong. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change (IPCC) has been warning of severe environmental threats to our entire planet if there is a 2- degrees Celsius elevation in average global temperature. Like some other tropical locations, the study area in the Luquillo forest, has already reached or exceeded a 2-degree Celsius average rise in temperature. And the study warns that the consequences are “potentially catastrophic.”
Upon reading the October Academy of Sciences report, I contacted Professor David Wagner in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Connecticut in Storrs, Connecticut.
When marine biologist Steve Barbeaux first saw the data in late 2017, he thought it was the result of a computer glitch. How else could more than 100 million Pacific cod suddenly vanish from the waters off of southern Alaska?
Within hours, however, Barbeaux's colleagues at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in Seattle, Washington, had confirmed the numbers. No glitch. The data, collected by research trawlers, indicated cod numbers had plunged by 70% in 2 years, essentially erasing a fishery worth $100 million annually. There was no evidence that the fish had simply moved elsewhere. And as the vast scale of the disappearance became clear, a prime suspect emerged: "The Blob."
In late 2013, a huge patch of unusually warm ocean water, roughly one-third the size of the contiguous United States, formed in the Gulf of Alaska and began to spread. A few months later, Nick Bond, a climate scientist at the University of Washington in Seattle, dubbed it The Blob. The name, with its echo of a 1958 horror film about an alien life form that keeps growing as it consumes everything in its path, quickly caught on. By the summer of 2015, The Blob had more than doubled in size, stretching across more than 4 million square kilometers of ocean, from Mexico's Baja California Peninsula to Alaska's Aleutian Islands. Water temperatures reached 2.5°C above normal in many places.
By late 2016, the marine heat wave had crashed across ecosystems all along North America's western coast, reshuffling food chains and wreaking havoc. Unusual blooms of toxic algae appeared, as did sea creatures typically found closer to the tropics (see sidebar). Small fish and crustaceans hunted by larger animals vanished. The carcasses of tens of thousands of seabirds littered beaches. Whales failed to arrive in their usual summer waters. Then the cod disappeared.
The fish "basically ran out of food," Barbeaux now believes. Once, he didn't think a food shortage would have much effect on adult cod, which, like camels, can harbor energy and go months without eating. But now, it is "something we look at and go: ‘Huh, that can happen.’"
Today, 5 years after The Blob appeared, the waters it once gripped have cooled, although fish, bird, and whale numbers have yet to recover. Climate scientists and marine biologists, meanwhile, are still putting together the story of what triggered the event, and how it reverberated through ecosystems. Their interest is not just historical.
Around the world, shifting climate and ocean circulation patterns are causing huge patches of unusually warm water to become more common, researchers have found. Already, ominous new warm patches are emerging in the North Pacific Ocean and elsewhere, and researchers are applying what they've learned from The Blob to help guide predictions of how future marine heat waves might unfold. If global warming isn't curbed, scientists warn that the heat waves will become more frequent, larger, more intense, and longerlasting. By the end of the century, Bond says, "The ocean is going to be a much different place."
The Blob begins
Even as ominous headlines warned of what National Geographic dubbed "The blob that cooked the Pacific," researchers scrambled to decipher what was happening. They consulted satellite readings; crisscrossed the Pacific on research ships, sometimes dredging the depths with nets; picked through the carcasses of birds and whales; and huddled over microscopes and lab aquariums.
The Blob was spawned, experts say, by a long-lasting atmospheric ridge of high pressure that formed over the Gulf of Alaska in the fall of 2013. The ridge helped squelch fierce winter storms that typically sweep the gulf. That dampened the churning winds that usually bring colder, deeper water to the surface, as well as transfer heat from the ocean to the atmosphere—much like a bowl of hot soup cooling as a diner blows across it. As a result, the gulf remained unusually warm through the following year.
But it took a convergence of other forces to transform The Blob into a monster. In the winter of 2014–15, winds from the south brought warmer air into the gulf, keeping sea temperatures high. Those winds also pushed warm water closer to the coasts of Oregon and Washington. Then, later in 2015 and in 2016, the periodic warming of the central Pacific known as El Niño added more warmth, fueling The Blob's growth. The heat wave finally broke when La Niña—El Niño's cool opposite number—arrived at the end of 2016, bringing storms that stirred and cooled the ocean.
Satellites and instrumented buoys made it relatively easy for scientists to track The Blob's bloom and fade. But the vast sweep of its ecological impact was harder to see.
That story starts with some of the ocean's tiniest inhabitants, which sit at the base of the marine food chain. In the Gulf of Alaska, phytoplankton blooms shrank during the warm years, a trend scientists trace to a lack of the nutrients that the winds usually churn to the surface with colder, deeper water. The decline in phytoplankton appears to have rippled out to copepods—fat-rich crustaceans the size of a sesame seed—that feed on the algae, says Russell Hopcroft, a zooplankton ecologist at the University of Alaska in Fairbanks. During Blob years, the copepods grew leaner at the same time as phytoplankton ebbed and water temperatures climbed, he says. When warmer water moved north to Alaska, it also carried in different, less nutritious copepod species.
By early 2015, the unusually warm water known as The Blob covered a vast swath of the Pacific Ocean.
GENTEMANN, C., ET AL. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 44.1, 312, (2017)
Krill—tiny shrimp that, like copepods, are a key food for many fish—felt the heat, too. In 2015 and 2016, as The Blob engulfed the coasts of Washington and Oregon, the heat-sensitive creatures vanished from biologists' nets.
As the base of the food chain crumbled, the effects propagated upward. One link higher, swarms of small fish that dine on copepods and krill—and in turn become food for larger animals—also became scarce as warm waters spread. On a remote island in the northern gulf, where scientists have tracked seabird diets for decades, they noticed that capelin and sand lance, staples for many bird species, nearly vanished from the birds' meals. In 2015, by one estimate, the populations of most key forage fish in the gulf fell to less than 50% of the average over the previous 9 years.
Of the fish that remained, some offered little nourishment. Sand lance caught in 2016 were so stunted that Yumi Arimitsu, a fisheries ecologist with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in Juneau, thought she was holding fish that had recently hatched. But a check of their ear bones showed they were a year old. The fish had so little fat that each one provided just a tenth of the energy content of one average fish from other years.
Finger-length juvenile cod that spend their first summer feeding in the gulf 's shallow waters also disappeared. In 2014, when NOAA researchers on an annual survey cast their nets into two bays off Kodiak Island in Alaska, they came up almost empty. There were "no fish around," recalls Ben Laurel, a NOAA fisheries ecologist based at the agency's lab in Newport, Oregon. "There's just this big hole."
Even as these food stocks declined, the warmer water delivered a second blow to the cold-blooded creatures there, from copepods to adult cod. The heat dialed up the metabolism of the animals, forcing them to eat more to keep their bodies fueled—just as prey became scarcer.
Barbeaux thinks that one-two punch is what did in Pacific cod, gray-flanked fish that can grow to more than a meter. After his initial shock at discovering the 2017 cod crash, he started to assemble a picture of a creeping underwater famine. Looking back, researchers noticed adult cod caught in 2015 and 2016 were skinnier than normal. The stomachs of cod caught in 2015 were half-empty compared with boom years, and contained few energy-rich capelin and tanner crabs.
Despite their ability to go months without eating, the cod could not withstand this double whammy. Computer simulations developed by federal scientists suggest that, as warm waters lingered, the fish ran a deep caloric deficit. Barbeaux suspects the weakened fish became more vulnerable to disease and predators, such as salmon sharks.
A wave of death
The cod's demise wasn't easily observed. But other changes occurring in the ocean's depths became visible in sudden, morbid convulsions on beaches and in bays. In late 2014, thousands of starved Cassin's auklet seabirds began to wash ashore in Washington and Oregon. On New Year's Day 2016, a retired bird biologist in Whittier, Alaska, stumbled across the white and gray bodies of 8000 common murres lining a beach, like so many abandoned buoys. In the following days, people found the normally hardy seabirds—known for their ability to fly hundreds of kilometers in a day to find fish—dead and dying across much of southern Alaska. They piled up on beaches and staggered along highways like little zombies. As many as half a million died, scientists estimate.
Then there were the disappearing whales. In the summer of 2015, 2 years into The Blob, just 166 humpback whales returned to Alaska's Glacier Bay from their winter calving grounds near Hawaii and Mexico, a 30% drop from 2013. All the humpback calves seen in Glacier Bay that year disappeared later and are presumed dead. And the bodies of 28 humpback and 17 finback whales washed up on beaches in Alaska and British Columbia in Canada.
It’s getting warm in here
The portion of the world’s oceans experiencing moderate to extreme marine heat waves has been growing since the 1980s.
(GRAPHIC) V. ALTOUNIAN/SCIENCE; (DATA) HOBDAY ET AL., OCEANOGRAPHY, 31 (2), 2018
Toxic algae blooms that stretched along much of the west coast in 2015 might have played a role in the seabird and whale deaths. But some of the animals might have simply starved because competing predators had vacuumed up available forage fish. The seabird die-off, for example, peaked in the winter of 2015–16, just as warmer waters would have revved up the appetites of fish like cod, notes John Piatt, a USGS marine ecologist based in Port Townsend, Washington. "If murres and whales are dying en masse everywhere, what does it tell you?" Piatt asks. "That there's no food anywhere."
Researchers are still puzzling over many Blob mysteries. Even as common murres suffered, for example, tufted puffins that feed on the same fish showed few problems, notes Heather Renner, a wildlife biologist for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Homer, Alaska. And although the cod story seems to fit together neatly, there are still unknowns, such as exactly how warmer water temperatures affected baby cod. Laurel hopes some answers will emerge from ongoing laboratory experiments that involve raising young cod in aquariums with different water temperatures. The findings could help illuminate how tiny temperature shifts influence growth and survival, particularly during crucial winter months when the fish live largely on fat reserves.
Other clues could come from the bodies of baby cod that researchers have collected from Kodiak Island beaches every year since 2006, then packed into lab freezers. Laurel has long wanted to study the collection to see how climate, ocean conditions, and diet shape development. Now, the urgency of understanding The Blob has unlocked money for that work.
Lingering signs
Although the blob has dissipated, its impact lingers. Of five common murre colonies in the gulf surveyed in 2018, only two seem to be breeding at normal levels. Just 99 humpback whales returned to Glacier Bay last year, with only one new calf in tow, far below the 3-decade average of more than eight calves per year. Cod numbers this year are projected to be even lower than they were last year. That means more tough times for cod fishers. Federal officials cut the allowable catch by 80% after the 2017 collapse, and the 2019 limits are even lower.
But a recovery may be in the offing. With cooler waters, tiny cod filled the bays at Kodiak Island in the summer of 2018. Larger, high-fat copepods showed an uptick, as did forage fish. Seabirds have resumed breeding in some places. Krill have rebounded off the west coast. "It indicates that to some extent the ecosystem is able to restabilize once [more typical] conditions return," says Janet Duffy-Anderson, a NOAA fisheries ecologist based in Seattle.
Now, scientists are ramping up efforts to study similar firestorms that are gathering strength in other corners of the ocean. Warmer temperatures are threatening corals in the Red Sea, kelp forests in southern Australia, and fisheries off the coasts of New England and eastern Canada. Rising temperatures are also affecting ecosystems near New Zealand, the Mediterranean, and the coast of Argentina. In northern Australia, record air temperatures late last year sparked warnings of more damage to the Great Barrier Reef. Back-to-back marine heat waves in 2016 and 2017 are estimated to have killed half the reefs there.
"Marine heat wave" became a common part of scientific parlance in just the past decade. Now, research on the waves "is kind of taking off," says Eric Oliver, a physical oceanographer and marine heat wave expert at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada. In 2016, he and a group of Australian, U.K., and U.S. scientists moved to give the field some common metrics by proposing that a marine heat wave be defined as a string of five or more days in which ocean water temperatures are in the top 10% compared with the previous 3 decades. Last year, recognizing that ocean warming might soon get public attention like other natural disasters, some of the same scientists suggested ranking their severity much like hurricanes, ranging from Category I to Category IV. They also proposed naming marine heat waves based on their location and year—so The Blob might have been called Northeast Pacific 2013.
Each heat wave has its own constellation of causes. But there is one common and increasingly potent factor, researchers say. As oceans soak up more heat from a warming planet, heat waves are becoming more common and more intense. The number of days with a marine heat wave somewhere on the globe has doubled since 1982, according to a 2018 study by Swiss scientists published in Nature. Those researchers warned that, if warming continues on the current trajectory, marine heat waves will become 41 times more frequent by the end of the century. They will also be longer and bigger. Heat waves would typically last more than 100 days, with maximum temperatures 2.5°C above average. The western tropical Pacific and Arctic oceans would be the hardest hit. The changes, the authors wrote, would probably push "marine organisms and ecosystems to the limits of their resilience."
That scenario fits with what Bond foresees for the northeast Pacific. The climate and ocean models he uses produce sobering scenarios. By 2050, without major curbs on planetary warming, average ocean temperatures in that region will likely be between 1°C and 2°C above historic levels—meaning Blob-like temperatures will become typical. As a result, Bond says, "When we have a marine heat wave in 2050, it's going to be way out there—in the uncharted territory."
Other tastes of that future might be just around the corner. Even as researchers close the book on The Blob, they are keeping a close watch on new heat waves off Alaska. In the winter of 2017–18 the northern Bering Sea was devoid of ice for the first time on record. And last summer, a warming trend that started in 2014 turned feverish. Water temperatures in the Bering Sea, where walleye pollock support one of the world's biggest fisheries, hit 4°C above normal in some regions. Already, the heat appears to be having an impact. Late last year, researchers found that numbers of fatty copepods—a favorite of young pollock—were 90% below average. The big question is what impact the copepod shortage will have on fish trying to survive their first winter, Duffy-Anderson says. That won't be known until later this year.
Meanwhile, in the Gulf of Alaska, calm, warm weather this past fall has spawned a new patch of unusually warm water, one that is eerily like the baby Blob. In October 2018, Barbeaux logged into Facebook to share a news story warning The Blob might have a sequel. His comment succinctly captured what many scientists are thinking as they probe the effects of the last heat wave: "Oh, crap."
*Correction, 11 February, 3:05 p.m.:The credit for the image of Earth’s temperatures has bee updated.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 75 jaar jong.
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