Loch Ness Monster Found in Scotland at 57°15'25"N 4°29'29"W please confirm it’s real 🤠 UFO UAP sighting news.

 

Date of discovery: July 18, 2025

Location of discovery: Scotland 

Coordinates: 57°15'25"N 4°29'29"W

 

Now this is cool. I was looking over Loch Ness and found the legendary monster not far from a boat in the loch. Nessy is about 20 meters long and looks to be moving toward the boat. I'm not surprised people don't see it, because it's so heavy that it probably can't lift itself out of the water anymore. 

Scott C. Waring - UFO Sightings Daily 

 

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19-07-2025 om 20:42 geschreven door peter  

Ancient alien face in Greenland on Google Earth map, UFO UAP sighting news - The face of truth!

Above I cropped and matched the face with itself since only half below was visible...it looks to be very old...so old half is face was faded away. The original is below. 

Date of discovery: July 2025

Location of discovery: Greenland

 

Yeah...you know me, if you find the face, you find the base and this face is so clear, obvious and well, cute that I just had to put it up. Not all species of aliens are like us, a few are, but most are not. This species looks unique in that it's like that of a fantasy movie from Harry Potter or something like that. This face looks old, cute, and full of character. Someone I would like to get to know. 100% proof that aliens were and still are in Greenland today. Those stories about little fairy folk...little green leprechauns ect...might be real. 

Scott C. Waring - UFO Sightings Daily 

 

 

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19-07-2025 om 18:45 geschreven door peter  

Ancient Alien Green Metallic structures On Mars, how is this possible? UFO UAP sighting news 😱 WTH?

Date of discovery: July 2025

Location of discovery: Mars

Source: NASA-US Geological Survey map

 

Now check this out, there is something green on Mars and it's huge. What I thought was a mountain, turns out to be a city with huge green buildings on both sides. Some people on youtube said it looks like trees, or glitches or the aliens are growing weed. Maybe...but what we do 100% know is...there is not suppose to by anything that green on Mars. I found a city!

Scott C. Waring - UFO Sightings Daily 

 

Oh, follow me on Youtube, because I usually publish my videos there and put them on this site hours or days later. Depends how busy I get. 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

19-07-2025 om 18:37 geschreven door peter  

Did the millennium falcon land there or what’s going on? Australia 🇦🇺 UFO UAP sighting news. 

Date of discovery: July 2025

Location of discovery: Australia

 

Now this is strange...I found the Millennium Falcon from Star Wars sitting in the desert in the middle of nowhere in Australia. Maybe it landed there and its a new USAF military craft, or maybe its a Star Wars fan that build a house there or maybe its for Disney...but what I do know is...it doesn't belong there and it seems to have flown to its current location. 

Scott C. Waring - UFO Sightings Daily

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

19-07-2025 om 18:33 geschreven door peter  

Ancient alien base under the ocean and has been there thousands years, UFO UAP sighting news 👽😱 ET

Date of discovery: July 2025

Location of discovery: Ocean floor

Guys this is something I reported about 10 years ago and it's still there and never been erased by google. There is an entire city under the ocean floor with huge areas that look like it could be a single giant triangle craft that is hundreds of miles across! Watch the video and tell me on youtube what you think. 

Scott C Waring - UFO Sightings Daily

 

Oh, and why so much google earth? No worries about ai, no worries about fakes, no worries about lies. It's all there for anyone to go and see. 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

19-07-2025 om 17:56 geschreven door peter  

A Journey Through the Ages: The Global History of UFO Sightings

ABSTRACT

In recent years, the skies have been filled with reports of drones, mysterious lights, and unexplained aerial phenomena, prompting widespread curiosity and speculation. This surge in sightings has reignited discussions about the possibility of extraterrestrial visitors among us since ancient times. As an enthusiast of shows such as Ancient Aliens, Skinwalker Ranch, and the iconic E.T., I share a fascination with the enduring enigma of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). The history of UFO sightings is a complex tapestry woven through centuries, encompassing a diverse array of phenomena that have both mystified and alarmed humanity across different eras and cultures. This comprehensive article aims to explore the evolution of UFO sightings from ancient accounts and medieval reports to contemporary encounters and government investigations. By doing so, it highlights significant incidents that have profoundly influenced the ongoing debate, scientific inquiry, and popular fascination with the phenomenon.

With all the talk of drones and unexplained theatrics in the skies as of late you have to wonder. Have aliens walked among us since the dawn of time? As a fan of the shows Ancient Aliens, Skinwalker Ranch and of course E.T., like many I've always been fascinated with the idea of extra-terrestrials. The history of UFO sightings spans centuries, encompassing a wide range of phenomena that have intrigued, puzzled, and sometimes alarmed people across the globe. This article will take you through the evolution of UFO sightings, from ancient accounts to modern-day encounters, highlighting significant incidents that have contributed to the ongoing debate and fascination with unidentified flying objects.

UFO sightings

© Dall.e by OpenAI

Ancient Beginnings

The story of UFO sightings begins in ancient times. Texts, artworks, and even cave paintings from different cultures hint at encounters with celestial phenomena or beings that could not be explained by the knowledge at the time.

The earliest recorded accounts of aerial phenomena date back thousands of years, embedded within the texts, artworks, and archaeological finds of ancient civilizations. These early descriptions often involve celestial objects or beings that defy current scientific understanding, hinting at encounters with the unknown.

For example, ancient Indian scriptures such as the Mahabharata and the Ramayana contain references to vimanas—mythical flying machines used by gods and celestial beings. These descriptions depict elaborate aerial vehicles capable of flight, often described as luminous, craft-like structures moving through the skies with remarkable agility.

Similarly, in Greco-Roman traditions, there are descriptions of "flying shields" and strange aerial phenomena. Roman historian Livy recounted instances of fiery, disk-shaped objects observed during battles, which have been interpreted as early UFO sightings.

Archaeological evidence also suggests that prehistoric peoples may have recorded their encounters with mysterious aerial phenomena. Cave paintings from the Paleolithic era depict strange shapes and objects in the sky, although interpretations remain speculative.

These ancient accounts suggest that humanity has long been aware of, and intrigued by, unusual aerial phenomena, though their true nature remains elusive due to limited scientific understanding at the time.

The Middle Ages to the Renaissance

During the medieval period and the Renaissance,accounts of mysterious, strange objects in the sky became more frequent, often intertwined with religious and superstitious interpretations. Chronicles from this era describe sightings of luminous globes, fiery orbs, crosses, and other strange shapes traversing the heavens.

One of the most famous medieval sightings is the 1561 event in Nuremberg, Germany. Local residents observed a bizarre aerial display involving multiple circular objects, which appeared to engage in what was described as an aerial battle. Witnesses reported seeing large black triangular craft and a subsequent crash outside the city, with debris and possibly bodies recovered. The event was documented in the Nuremberg Gazette, and illustrations from the period depict strange craft shapes, fueling speculation about possible extraterrestrial or supernatural origins.

Similar reports surfaced across Europe, with accounts of "flying shields" or "fireballs" seen during times of social upheaval or war, possibly interpreted as divine omens or divine interventions, reflecting the worldview of the time.

The 19th Century: Airship Sightings

The late 19th century was a pivotal period in the history of aerial phenomena, marking a transition from myth and legend to documented reports of strange craft in the sky. This era saw the rise of ballooning as a popular scientific and recreational activity, alongside the development of experimental flying machines. These technological advancements, coupled with widespread fascination with flight, laid the groundwork for the burgeoning UFO lore that would follow.

A notable phenomenon during this period was the series of "airship" sightings that swept across North America, Europe, and Scandinavia in the years 1896-1897. These reports described large, luminous, dirigible-like vessels seen floating silently or moving rapidly through the night sky. Witnesses often reported seeing complex structures on these craft—sometimes resembling elongated balloons with intricate frameworks or glowing lights—suggesting they were not simple natural phenomena such as meteors or atmospheric reflections.

Witnesses described seeing luminous craft with complex structures, sometimes accompanied by occupants or searchlights. These sightings occurred before the first successful powered flight by the Wright brothers in 1903, raising questions about whether these were misidentified natural phenomena, secret military aircraft, or something else entirely.

In Scandinavia, particularly in Sweden and Norway, numerous sightings were documented. Local newspapers and eyewitness testimonies describe mysterious bright objects that appeared at dusk or during the night, often seen hovering over rural areas or towns. Some reports mention the craft emitting searchlights or displaying flashing lights, which added to the sense of mystery and intrigue. These Scandinavian sightings, like those in North America, often involved multiple witnesses and were sometimes accompanied by reports of strange sounds or even glimpses of occupants observing from the craft—though such accounts remain anecdotal and difficult to verify.

The American Midwest and West also experienced a surge of sightings during this period. In cities like Chicago, Kansas, and California, residents reported seeing large, silent aerial vehicles with complex structures that defied explanation. Many of these sightings were accompanied by the appearance of searchlights or luminous trails, which intensified public curiosity and media interest. Newspapers at the time often included detailed illustrations based on witness descriptions, adding a visual element to the growing fascination with these mysterious objects.

In the United Kingdom, reports emerged from rural communities and urban centers alike, describing similar large, glowing craft in the night sky. These sightings often coincided with reports from other parts of Europe, suggesting a widespread phenomenon that transcended national borders. The intensity of media coverage and public speculation prompted many to consider whether these were natural phenomena, secret military experiments, or perhaps manifestations of something extraterrestrial.

The "airship" wave of 1896-1897 also involved sightings over Scandinavian countries such as Denmark and Finland, where reports described strange, luminous objects moving at high speeds with unusual flight patterns. Some witnesses claimed the craft were capable of sudden accelerations or sharp turns, features that modern observers associate with advanced aeronautical technology or unusual aerial behavior.

One notable aspect of these sightings was the involvement of the infamous Scandinavian "Ghost Rockets," which became a distinct part of the broader UFO lore. These ghost rockets were first observed in northern Scandinavia during the late 1940s, but their origins can be traced back to the earlier wave of mysterious aerial phenomena. Witnesses described them as small, rocket-like objects that moved swiftly with high-pitched whines, often seen darting across the sky before vanishing abruptly. The ghost rockets fueled speculation about secret military testing, extraterrestrial visitors, or atmospheric anomalies.

Beyond Scandinavia, the 1960s and 1970s saw the rise of the "Foo Fighters," a term coined by Allied pilots during World War II to describe strange aerial phenomena encountered during combat missions. These objects appeared as glowing orbs or luminous shapes that often followed aircraft, performing maneuvers that defied conventional explanation. The Foo Fighters became infamous for their mysterious appearances and were sometimes described as small, disc-shaped lights or floating globes. Their behavior—hovering, zigzagging, and darting—paralleled earlier 19th-century reports of strange, structured craft.

In the Netherlands, Belgium, and France, sightings of unidentified flying objects similar to the Foo Fighters were reported during the war and afterward, reinforcing the idea that these phenomena have persisted across decades and regions. While some researchers argue that these were psychological or optical illusions, others believe they represented secret military experiments or genuine encounters with non-human intelligences.

The phenomena generated significant media coverage, with newspapers across the U.S. publishing reports of these mysterious aerial vehicles, often accompanied by illustrations and witness testimonies. Some researchers suggest that these sightings may have been early examples of modern UFO phenomena, possibly reflecting clandestine military experiments or psychological factors.

Also read

• Echoes of Impermanence: The Rise and Fall of Ancient Civilizations and Their Lessons for Today (msn.com)

The Modern Era of UFOs

The modern era of UFO sightings and related phenomena truly began in the mid-20th century, marked by two pivotal events that significantly influenced public perception and government interest in unidentified flying objects. These events not only captured the imagination of the general public but also sparked ongoing debates and investigations into the possibility of extraterrestrial life and advanced airborne technology.

• 1947, Kenneth Arnold Incident: The term "flying saucer" was coined after private pilot Kenneth Arnold reported seeing nine crescent-shaped objects flying at high speeds near Mount Rainier, Washington. The first of these landmark incidents occurred in 1947 and is often regarded as the starting point of the modern UFO era. Private pilot Kenneth Arnold reported seeing nine unusual, crescent-shaped objects flying at incredibly high speeds near Mount Rainier in Washington State. Arnold described their movement as "saucer-like," which led to the popularization of the term "flying saucer." His sighting was quickly picked up by the media, causing a wave of fascination and concern across the United States and beyond. Arnold’s description and the subsequent media coverage ignited widespread interest in UFOs, prompting many others to come forward with similar sightings. This event is widely considered the catalyst for the modern UFO phenomenon because it marked the first time that a credible witness reported unusual aerial phenomena in a way that captured public imagination.

This incident garnered national media attention and is often considered the start of the modern UFO era.

• 1947, Roswell Incident: Perhaps the most famous UFO incident in history occurred near Roswell, New Mexico.Soon after, another incident in 1947 further intensified the fascination with UFOs—the Roswell Incident. Near Roswell, New Mexico, a rancher discovered strange wreckage on his land, which was initially reported as a "flying disc." The U.S. military quickly issued a statement claiming that the debris was part of a crashed weather balloon from a secret project called Project Mogul. This explanation was meant to dismiss any extraterrestrial implications and restore public confidence. However, the incident was soon shrouded in mystery and conspiracy theories, with many believing that the wreckage was actually an alien spacecraft and that the government was covering up evidence of extraterrestrial contact. Over the decades, the Roswell Incident has become a symbol of UFO lore and government secrecy. It has fueled countless investigations, books, movies, and discussions about alien life and government cover-ups.

Together, these two events in 1947—the Arnold sighting and the Roswell incident—set the stage for decades of UFO interest, research, and speculation. They transformed UFO sightings from isolated reports into a cultural phenomenon that continues to captivate people's imaginations. Governments around the world, especially the United States, began to take the phenomenon more seriously, establishing agencies such as Project Blue Book to investigate reports of unidentified flying objects. Despite official explanations, many sightings remain unexplained to this day, maintaining the mystery and allure of UFOs.

In summary, the modern era of UFOs was effectively launched in 1947 through the Arnold and Roswell incidents. These events sparked widespread curiosity, government investigations, and ongoing debates about the existence of extraterrestrial life. They laid the foundation for the persistent fascination with UFO phenomena, which remains a significant part of popular culture and scientific inquiry. The legacy of these pioneering events continues to influence how we perceive unidentified flying objects and the possibility of life beyond Earth, fueling our curiosity and quest for answers.

The modern era of UFO sightings began in earnest in the 20th century, with two pivotal events that shaped public and governmental interest in the phenomenon. 

This incident garnered national media attention and is often considered the start of the modern UFO era.

Also read

• US says UFO sightings likely secret military tests (bbc.com)

Government Involvement

The increasing number of UFO sightings over the years has prompted numerous government-led investigations aimed at understanding these mysterious phenomena. Governments worldwide have taken various approaches to scrutinize reports of unidentified flying objects, often driven by national security concerns and public curiosity.

In the United States, one of the earliest and most well-known projects was Project Blue Book, which operated from 1952 to 1969. Conducted by the U.S. Air Force, the project aimed to systematically collect, analyze, and evaluate UFO reports from military personnel and civilians. During its twenty-year span, Project Blue Book investigated over 12,000 sightings. The majority of these cases were ultimately explained as natural phenomena, such as weather balloons, astronomical objects, or aircraft, with only a small percentage remaining unexplained. The project's official conclusion was that UFOs did not pose a threat to national security, nor did they demonstrate any evidence of extraterrestrial origin.

Following the closure of Project Blue Book, skepticism and conspiracy theories persisted. Many believed that the government was hiding evidence of extraterrestrial contact or advanced technology. This suspicion led to the initiation of other classified projects, such as Project Sign (1948) and Project Grudge (1949), which laid the groundwork for later investigations. In recent years, declassified documents and governmental disclosures have rekindled public interest and debate about UFOs, now often referred to as UAPs (Unidentified Aerial Phenomena).

In addition to the United States, other countries have conducted their own investigations. For example, the United Kingdom's Project Condign (1997-2000) examined UFO reports with an emphasis on military safety and security. Similarly, France's GEPAN/SEPRA (1977-2004) analyzed UFO sightings, often emphasizing scientific research to understand these phenomena better.

More recently, the U.S. government has taken a more transparent approach. In 2020, the Pentagon officially released several videos showing unidentified aerial objects captured by military pilots. This was followed by the establishment of the UAP Task Force in 2021, tasked with investigating and understanding these sightings further. These initiatives reflect a shift towards acknowledging the phenomena without immediate dismissals or conspiratorial assumptions.

Overall, government involvement in UFO investigations has evolved from secretive projects to more open and systematic efforts, driven by technological advancements and increased public interest. While many mysteries remain, these investigations continue to shape our understanding of unidentified aerial phenomena and our place in the universe.

Project Blue Book: America’s Cold War UFO Investigation

Project Blue Book was the codename for the U.S. Air Force’s official study of unidentified flying objects (UFOs), which ran from 1952 until its termination in 1969. It was the third and most extensive of a series of systematic investigations into UFO sightings, following the earlier Project Sign and Project Grudge. Launched at the height of Cold War anxiety and increasing public fascination with flying saucers, Project Blue Book was both a response to national security concerns and a public relations effort to quell fears of alien visitors.

Headquartered at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio, the project collected over 12,000 UFO reports during its lifespan. Each case was analyzed to determine whether it could be explained by conventional means—such as aircraft, weather phenomena, or hoaxes—or if it remained "unidentified." According to the final report, around 94% of sightings were eventually explained, but about 701 remained officially unexplained. Notably, some of the most credible sightings involved military pilots, radar corroboration, and visual confirmation by multiple witnesses.

Despite public interest, Project Blue Book concluded with a 1969 report known as the Condon Report, which declared that UFOs posed no threat to national security and offered no evidence of extraterrestrial craft. The Air Force used this as the justification to shut down the project. Still, many critics—including scientists, researchers, and former military officials—argued that the project was more concerned with debunking sightings than with objectively investigating them.

To this day, Project Blue Book remains a symbol of the government's complex relationship with the UFO phenomenon, and it continues to fuel both conspiracy theories and genuine scientific inquiry into the unknown.

Also read

• 22 Items You Will Need In Case of a Societal Collapse

Global Sightings

UFO sightings are not limited to the United States; they are global phenomena that have amazed and intrigued people for centuries. From mysterious appearances in history to the most recent observations, it remains a subject that raises questions about extraterrestrial life and unknown technologies.

• Historical Observations and Major Incidents

Throughout the centuries, there have been countless reports of unidentified flying objects. One of the oldest known incidents took place in the 16th century above Nuremberg, where witnesses described strange light phenomena and objects crossing the sky. In 1966, the Westall UFO encounter in Australia garnered worldwide attention when more than 200 students and teachers saw an object land and take off again at incredible speeds. This event is still considered one of the most convincing school sightings in history.

• Recent Sightings and the Tictac UFO

In recent years, notable new incidents have been reported that attracted the attention of both the public and government agencies. One of the most discussed recent sightings is the so-called Tictac UFO, recorded in 2004 during a military exercise off the US coast. This unusual, shape-shifting entity, which appears to change form and speed, was captured on radar screens and by Navy pilots. The phenomenon gained extra attention when the U.S. government officially acknowledged in 2020 that it had investigated over 1,400 unexplained aerial sightings, many of which were similar to the Tictac incidents.

• Congressional Hearings

In 2022, the U.S. Congress held its first public hearings on UFOs in decades. During these sessions, various witnesses testified, including military pilots, aviation experts, and government officials. An notable aspect was the presentation of new evidence, including videos and radar images that could not be explained. These hearings marked a turning point in the official stance toward UFOs, with promises of increased transparency and further investigation.

• Drones and New Technologies

Alongside the increase in UFO sightings, much discussion is also taking place about the role of drones and new technologies. Some sightings are now attributed to advanced civilian and military drones, but others remain unexplained. The rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicles and stealth technologies makes it increasingly difficult to distinguish between human-made and non-human objects. Experts warn that some sightings may be the result of secret tests or new military technologies not yet publicly known.

• Latest Developments and Research

Recently, there has been growing interest within government agencies and research institutes to systematically study UFO incidents. In 2023, the Pentagon established a new specialized unit, the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO), focused on analyzing unexplained aerial phenomena. Additionally, conferences and scientific symposia are being organized worldwide, where researchers attempt to categorize and understand these sightings.

• What does this mean for the future?

With increasing transparency and the availability of more evidence, it seems we are at a turning point in how UFOs are studied and understood. The latest technologies, such as advanced radar, AI analyses, and international cooperation, contribute to the possibility of a breakthrough in understanding these mysterious phenomena. Whether we will ultimately encounter extraterrestrial visitors or find other explanations, one thing is certain: the world remains captivated by the unexplained.

In summary, UFO sightings continue to be an intriguing and evolving phenomenon, with recent developments such as the Tictac UFO, congressional hearings, the rise of drones, and the establishment of new research agencies. It is an exciting moment for everyone interested in the mysteries of the sky and the unknown.

Conclusion

The history of UFO sightings is diverse and spans across various cultures and eras, reflecting a long-standing curiosity about the unknown. While many reports can be attributed to natural phenomena, aircraft, or other explainable causes, there remains a small percentage of sightings that defy conventional explanations. These unexplained cases continue to captivate the public and scientists alike, fueling ongoing investigation and debate. The recent acknowledgment by the U.S. government regarding unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP), along with the release of declassified videos, has significantly renewed interest and credibility in the study of UFOs. This transparency suggests a shift towards more open scientific inquiry and indicates that the mystery surrounding these phenomena is unlikely to be resolved soon. Instead, it encourages continued exploration, fostering a sense of wonder and curiosity about what might be flying in our skies. Overall, the fascination with UFOs persists, driven by both scientific curiosity and the innate human desire to understand the universe. The future of UFO research holds the potential for exciting discoveries, reminding us that the universe still holds many secrets waiting to be uncovered.

 { PETER2011 }

19-07-2025 om 17:45 geschreven door peter  

Story by Stephen Beech - Talker News

Mars Curiosity rover.

(NASA via SWNS)

Large carbon deposits have been found on Mars, suggesting it was once home to alien lifeforms.

NASA’s Curiosity Rover discovered evidence of a carbon cycle below the Red Planet's surface.

The find brings researchers closer to answering the question about whether Mars was ever capable of supporting life.

Scientists are working to understand climate transitions and habitability on ancient Mars as Curiosity explores Gale CraterThe latest findings, published in the journal Science, reveal that data from three of Curiosity’s drill sites had siderite, an iron carbonate material, within sulphate-rich layers of Mount Sharp in Gale Crater.

Study lead author Dr. Ben Tutolo, of the University of Calgary in Canada, said: “The discovery of large carbon deposits in Gale Crater represents both a surprising and important breakthrough in our understanding of the geologic and atmospheric evolution of Mars."

(Photo by Planet Volumes via Unsplash )

Dr. Tutolo, a participating scientist on the NASA Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity Rover team, explained that reaching the strata was a long-term goal of the mission.

He said: “The abundance of highly soluble salts in these rocks and similar deposits mapped over much of Mars has been used as evidence of the ‘great drying' of Mars during its dramatic shift from a warm and wet early Mars to its current, cold and dry state."

• Related video: Mars Mystery: Perseverance Rover Finds an Intriguing, Vanishing Feature in Ancient Rock (Metal Workers)

Sedimentary carbonate has long been predicted to have formed under the carbon dioxide-rich ancient Martian atmosphere, but Dr. Tutolo says identifications had previously been sparse.

NASA’s Curiosity Rover landed on Mars in August 2012, and has since travelled more than 20 miles (34 km) across the planet's surface.

Scientists say the discovery of carbonate suggests that the atmosphere contained enough carbon dioxide to support liquid water existing on the planet’s surface.

As the atmosphere thinned, the carbon dioxide transformed into rock form.

Illustration of NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover.

(NASA/JPL-Caltech via SWNS)

NASA says future missions and analysis of other sulphate-rich areas on Mars could confirm the findings and help to better understand the planet’s early history and how it transformed as its atmosphere was lost.

Dr. Tutolo says scientists are ultimately trying to determine whether Mars was ever capable of supporting life, and the latest paper brings them closer to an answer

He said: “It tells us that the planet was habitable and that the models for habitability are correct.

“The broader implications are the planet was habitable up until this time, but then, as the CO2 that had been warming the planet started to precipitate as siderite, it likely impacted Mars’ ability to stay warm.

“The question looking forward is how much of this CO2 from the atmosphere was actually sequestered?

"Was that potentially a reason we began to lose habitability?”

(Photo by NASA via Unsplash )

© Provided by talker

Dr. Tutolo says the latest research tie in with his ongoing work on Earth, trying to turn anthropogenic CO2 into carbonates as a climate change solution.

He said: “Learning about the mechanisms of making these minerals on Mars helps us to better understand how we can do it here.“Studying the collapse of Mars’ warm and wet early days also tells us that habitability is a very fragile thing.”

Dr. Tutolo says it’s clear that small changes in atmospheric CO2 can lead to "huge changes" in the ability of the planet to harbour life.

He added: “The most remarkable thing about Earth is that it’s habitable and it has been for at least four billion years.

“Something happened to Mars that didn’t happen to Earth.”

• The post Deposits found on Mars suggest it was once home to alien lifeforms appeared first on Talker.

 

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19-07-2025 om 16:26 geschreven door peter  

8 Clues Alien Civilizations Existed on Mars

Story by Alexander Clark

©Provided by: Morning Overview

8 Clues Alien Civilizations Existed on Mars
For centuries, Mars has captivated human imagination as a potential host for alien life. With numerous missions probing its mysterious surface, intriguing evidence has emerged that suggests extraterrestrial civilizations might have once thrived on the Red Planet. Here, we explore eight fascinating clues that hint at the possibility of alien life on Mars.

©Image Credit: jlwilkens/Unsplash

Ancient River Valleys and Water Channels
The Martian landscape is etched with features resembling ancient river valleys and water channels, suggesting the presence of liquid water in the distant past. These formations indicate that Mars may have once had conditions suitable for life.

The discovery of such water-carved landscapes raises the possibility that a civilization could have emerged during a time when the planet was more hospitable. While current conditions are harsh, these ancient waterways hint at a more life-friendly environment in the past.

©Image Credit: bahmanjafari67/Unsplash

Unusual Rock Formations and Structures
Images captured by rovers reveal unusual rock formations and structures on Mars that defy simple geological explanations. Some speculate that these formations might be remnants of alien architecture. The symmetrical and geometric shapes observed in certain regions raise questions about their origins, prompting debates about whether natural processes or intelligent design shaped them.

Although conclusive evidence is lacking, these peculiar structures continue to intrigue scientists and enthusiasts alike.

©Image Credit: trisolarian/Unsplash

Mysterious Martian Meteorites
Martian meteorites found on Earth offer a glimpse into the Red Planet’s past. Some of these meteorites contain features that hint at biological activity, such as fossilized microstructures. These findings fuel speculation about the presence of life forms that might have existed on Mars.

While the meteorites’ exact origins remain debated, their intriguing compositions encourage further investigation into the potential for past life on Mars.

©Image Credit: jalalsk/Unsplash

Fossilized Microbial Life Evidence
The potential discovery of fossilized microbial life on Mars has sparked considerable excitement. Researchers have identified structures within Martian rocks that resemble terrestrial microbial fossils. These structures provide tantalizing evidence that microbial life could have once existed on Mars, surviving in the planet’s ancient watery environments.

If confirmed, this evidence would mark a monumental step in our understanding of life’s potential beyond Earth.

©Image Credit: mityarenua/Unsplash

Surface Anomalies Captured by Rovers
Rovers exploring Mars have captured images of surface anomalies that suggest possible signs of past alien activity. Unexplained patterns and formations challenge our understanding of Martian geology and open the door to speculation about their origins.

These anomalies, while not definitive proof of alien civilizations, invite further investigation to determine their true nature.

©Image Credit: artezio/Unsplash

Strange Atmospheric Phenomena
Mars’ atmosphere exhibits strange phenomena that can’t be easily explained by natural processes. Unusual cloud formations and mysterious lights observed in the Martian sky have led some to wonder if these occurrences are linked to alien activities.

While scientific explanations are often sought, the persistence of these phenomena fuels ongoing curiosity and research into their possible extraterrestrial origins.

©Image Credit: wolfgang_hasselmann/Unsplash

Ancient Martian Magnetic Fields
Evidence of ancient magnetic fields on Mars suggests that the planet once had a magnetic environment similar to Earth’s. This magnetic protection could have shielded the planet from harmful radiation, creating conditions conducive to life. The presence of these fields raises questions about whether they played a role in sustaining past civilizations on Mars.

As researchers continue to study these ancient magnetic fields, new insights into Mars’ history may emerge.

©Image Credit: wolfgang_hasselmann/Unsplash

Unexplained Subsurface Radar Signals
Recent radar data from Mars reveal unexplained subsurface signals that hint at hidden structures beneath the surface. These signals could potentially indicate underground water reservoirs or even remnants of ancient alien structures.

The enigmatic nature of these radar signals invites further exploration and analysis, as they may hold the key to unlocking secrets about Mars’ past and the possibility of alien civilizations.

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19-07-2025 om 16:04 geschreven door peter  

A veteran US fighter pilot has broken his silence about a near-collision with a UFO that defied the laws of physics and left the Air Force in stunned disbelief.

Major Ryan Bodenheimer, a retired F-15 and F-16 combat pilot, revealed in a YouTube video that one of the 'wildest experiences' of his career involved a close encounter with a rectangle-shaped UFO as he flew with his squadron over southern Wyoming.

Bodenheimer, who served in the Air Force for 13 years, said the large craft suddenly appeared out of nowhere during a training mission and looked to be on a collision course with his plane.

'Then I realized we weren't going to hit, and all of a sudden it came more into view, and it was a rectangular shape. This was like essentially a perfect rectangle,' Bodenheimer revealed in his video on June 8.

The military veteran described the UFO as being 30 to 50 feet in height and appearing to be glowing around the edges of its bright white body as it flew alongside the Thunderbirds, the Air Force's elite aerobatic demonstration squadron.

Bodenheimer added that this craft had no visible vapor trail coming from an engine, no radar signal, and was traveling at approximately 400 knots (460 miles per hour).

'It really was defying any type of aeronautical laws that I've learned,' Bodenheimer said.

Bodenheimer then revealed that his report to air traffic control left officials in 'dead silence' before the entire matter was apparently dismissed as an 'anomalous object.'

Major Ryan Bodenheimer (pictured) spent 13 years flying F-15s and F-16s for the US Air Force and said that he had 2 encounters with unexplainable UFOs over the US

Bodenheimer described one of the UFOs as a perfect triangle that was glowing around its edges and was transparent at its center (AI-generated recreation)

The strange rectangle UFO got so close to Bodenheimer's F-16 Falcon at 30,000 feet in the air that he said he could make out every detail of the craft before it eventually flew off and was never seen again.

When air traffic controllers in Denver asked Bodenheimer if he could give them any more details about the UFO, he revealed that it had a cream-colored interior that became transparent or had a hole in its center.

'I know it sounds like I'm talking about a delicious pastry, but this was the wildest experience I've ever had,' the fighter pilot joked.

The only evidence of Bodenheimer's sighting was a report made by air traffic control saying that an object had been spotted in the area where the Thunderbirds were training that day, but he never heard from anyone about the incident again.

The former combat officer explained on his channel, Max Afterburner, that this UFO could not have been a weather balloon, a high-tech drone, or some kind of light trick.

'There was nothing that made me think this was some sort of illusion. It was clear as day. It was right down our wing line, a 30 to 50 foot object,' the pilot continued.

Bodenheimer then speculated whether this could have been an extraterrestrial craft, noting that he's never been a fan of 'science fiction' but admitted that his encounter matched many of the incidents involving military pilots that 'defied physics.'

'Going against aerodynamics definitely blows my mind. Anti-gravity, something that cloaks radar, I didn't see anything on the radar,' he added.

The object wasn't even tilted to deflect the wind while traveling at that speed. It stayed completely vertical as if the wind did not affect the UFO's ability to fly at over 400 mph. 

Bodenheimer revealed what he had seen while flying with the Thunderbirds during his YouTube podcast on June 8

Bodenheimer said that he has never heard about the UFO sighting since he reported it to officials with air traffic control in Denver

This wasn't the only time the Air Force veteran had encountered a UFO. He added that 'lightning-fast triangle' while training with the Thunderbirds near Area 51 - the military's top secret base in Nevada.

'There's been lots of crazy stuff that's been reported out there,' Bodenheimer said.

On this day, the mysterious jet-like object flew past Bodenheimer's F-16 as his squadron was coming in for a landing.

'This lightning-fast triangle blitzed past me as we were setting ourselves up on a final [approach],' the pilot revealed.

'I just remember this thing going massively fast past me... It had basically done an interceptor maneuver, a dust-off. So maybe this was its way of having fun, saying maybe this should be Top Gun 3,' Bodenheimer detailed.

The pilot noted that he hopes coming forward will encourage more of his fellow pilots to reveal what they've seen during their time in the military, noting that there have been roughly 800 UFO reports in just the last four years.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

18-07-2025 om 23:14 geschreven door peter  

A group of US Air Force veterans has gone public with their story about how an 'invisible enemy' at the top-secret base Area 51 left them with cancer.

The former security guards at the Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR), a classified site that houses Area 51, have claimed that the US government betrayed them and essentially handed them a death sentence without their knowledge.

Their claims stemmed from the revelation that NTTR was built in the 1970s on an area of land that was found to be contaminated with radiation from years of nuclear testing in the area.

However, that 1975 report from the US Energy Research and Development Administration also said it would 'be against the national interest' to stop the military's secret projects at the site.

David Crete, a former Air Force Sergeant who worked at NTTR from 1983 through 1987, said that over 490 of his fellow workers have died of severe illnesses since being stationed at the secret facility.

Making matters worse, the US Department of Veterans Affairs has refused to cover their medical care because none of the surviving veterans can prove they were exposed to radiation near Area 51.

That's because their work was so top secret, all records of their activities have been marked as 'data masked.'

'I have brain atrophy. The left side of my brain is shrinking and dying. That's not too bad. I'm one of the healthy ones,' Crete told the House Veterans Affairs Committee in April while lobbying for legislation to support the Area 51 veterans.

Dave Crete and hundreds of other airmen were employed by the Air Force's security police squadron to guard experimental aircraft

Crete spoke to the House Veterans Affairs Committee in April, revealing that he and his fellow veterans at Area 51 developed tumors

Area 51, an area of more than 2.9 million acres, is located next to the Nevada Test Site, where US nuclear weapons were tested from the 1950s to the 1990s

Crete added that the average age of death for someone who served in that unit is 65 and the youngest airman to die was just 33.

The Air Force veteran was unaware of anyone who worked at NTTR who had lived beyond the age of 80, but the radiation exposure caused even more harm than that.

Along with revealing that most of his fellow airmen had developed multiple tumors since retiring, Crete told lawmakers that the radiation had been passed to their families as well. 

'My wife had three miscarriages. One of the guys that I worked with, his wife had seven,' the veteran explained.

'All four of my children were born with birth defects or significant health problems. It's not their fault. I'm not saying it's mine, but I brought it home. It was my DNA that was permanently altered from low-dose, long-term, ionizing radiation exposure,' Crete continued.

In 2000, then-President Bill Clinton signed a bill that provided compensation and medical benefits to workers who developed illnesses due to exposure to radiation and other toxins while employed at certain government facilities, including nuclear sites.

Crete and other veterans from Area 51 who were invited to Washington on April 8 asked that the same healthcare rules that apply to these workers, who were not part of classified projects, apply to them as well.

Veteran Mike Nemcic told NewsNation: 'It's just a matter of betrayal. These folks knew, and they purposefully kept it quiet because it was more beneficial to them not to tell us.'

Dave Crete (left) and Pomp Braswell (right) previously sued the federal government over their health issues

US Air Force F-117 stealth bombers (pictured) were at the cutting edge of aircraft design in the 1980s

The Air Force base, Area 51, 85 miles north of Las Vegas, was established in 1955 but was not officially acknowledged until 2013

DailyMail.com has reached out to the Air Force for comment regarding this matter is still awaiting a response.

Crete and the other Area 51 veterans were employed by the Air Force's security police squadron to guard the F-117A Nighthawk, America's first stealth bomber, which was being developed and tested at the top-secret facility.

Most of what the airmen did at NTTR since the 1970s is still classified, and they've never been able to share what they were doing, not even to their families.

Veteran Pomp Braswell said: 'It felt very special, especially at a young age. My mom knew absolutely zero about what I was doing. She knew there was a phone number if she needed to get hold of me, that's it.'

According to Crete, the only recognition of their sacrifice at Area 51 came during a conversation with late US Senator John McCain, who served on the Senate Armed Services Committee and allegedly knew what was happening at NTTR.

'He came up to me and he said, 'Your unit ended the Cold War.' If you ever wanted validation that what you did was important, that's just about it,' Crete recounted.

Two bills have been introduced in Congress, the Protect Act and the Forgotten Veterans Act, to provide healthcare relief for the veterans affected by their classified work at NTTR.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

18-07-2025 om 23:04 geschreven door peter  

EXCLUSIVE - Secret trove of 'UFO evidence' hidden in Vatican archives revealed

By ROB WAUGH FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

Following the death of Pope Francis, UFO activists are intensifying calls for the Vatican to open its secret archives.

Many believe the archives contain long-hidden evidence of extraterrestrial visitations that have been framed as divine visions in centuries past. 

Some, like US Pentagon whistleblower David Grusch, go even further, alleging the Vatican has known about alien life for decades and actively covered it up. 

One scholar who knows the Vatican archives better than most is Diana Walsh Pasulka, a professor of religious studies at the University of North Carolina Wilmington. 

In her new book, American Cosmic, Pasulka dives deep into the Church's historical records, uncovering visions and events that sound like they came straight out of an X-Files episode.

While researching Catholic teachings on purgatory, Pasulka explored documents dating from 1300 to 1800, stumbling upon accounts that defied all expectations. 

She found 'reports of orbs of light, flames that penetrated walls, luminous beings, forms of conscious light, spinning suns and disc-like aerial objects,' she writes.

'The historical record is filled with these kinds of events. The people at the Vatican, they don't even know where to look - it's in their basements.'

In the wake of Pope Francis 's April passing, calls from UFO activists have intensified, urging the Vatican to open its mysterious archives  

One scholar who knows the Vatican archives better than most is Diana Walsh Pasulka, a professor of religious studies at the University of North Carolina Wilmington 

Pope Paul V formally established the Vatican Secret Archives - now called the Vatican Apostolic Archives - in 1612.

The vast collection of documents is estimated to contain over 50 miles of shelving, featuring papal correspondence, historical records of trials and what some believe to be proof of alien life.

According to Pasulka, the Vatican's archivists are in a 'mad rush to digitize' centuries of forgotten documents, but they're not exactly prioritizing 'orbs that were bothering nuns in the 1800s.'

She uncovers a number of so-called 'miracle' stories preserved in Church history - stories that carry a strange resemblance to modern UFO encounters. 

One case involves Sister Maria of Ágreda, a 17th Century Spanish nun who reportedly levitated while bathed in a blinding white light.

Sister Maria also claimed to have been transported across the Atlantic 'on the wings of angels,' where she encountered Native American tribes, despite never physically leaving her cloistered convent in Spain.

Eventually, Pasulka began to see Sister Maria not just as having supernatural abilities, but as what she calls a 'meta experiencer' - someone whose spiritual visions may share a deeper, perhaps even cosmic, connection with today's unexplained phenomena.

'She was a mystic who wrote books about the Virgin Mary that were very popular in her era - and they're still widely read today,' Pasulka writes.

Sister Maria of Ágreda's earliest writings, which were later destroyed by fellow nuns at her convent, were cosmographies - vivid accounts of her astral journeys through space and across the Earth. 

Some have speculated that the Vatican's secret archive stores records of UFO and extraterrestrial encounters. The Archives are pictured above in 2012

David Grusch claims one of these alien spacecraft crashed in Northern Italy in 1933. He said Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini kept it secret, before it was captured by American forces at the end of World War II and shipped to the US (pictured is an artist's impression of the finding) 

An alleged handwritten memo dated Aug. 22, 1936, which includes a sketch and description of a cylindrical aircraft with portholes on the sides and white and red lights spotted flying over Northern Italy

Read More

EXCLUSIVE

•  Vatican's secret links to UFOs laid bare as Pope Francis' successor is urged to share 'the truth' 

In them, she recorded detailed topographies of distant lands, foreign cultures and even realms beyond our world.

Missionaries in colonial New Mexico were astonished when Indigenous people described being visited by a mysterious 'lady in blue' - matching Sister Maria's description and attire, despite her never physically leaving Spain.

'As a young nun, she claimed to bilocate to colonial New Mexico,' writes Pasulka. 

'She said she met Indigenous Americans, taught them about the Catholic faith and prepared them to be baptized by Franciscan missionaries.' 

The Catholic Church recognizes bilocation as a rare charism, or sacred ability - essentially the power to appear in two places at once.

UFO researchers have previously suggested that a 1917 'religious' encounter where a large crowd saw a vision of the Virgin Mary after it was predicted by three children could actually be something extraterrestrial

Pasulka notes that in previous centuries, experiences involving flight, mysterious lights or cosmic travel were interpreted not as alien phenomena, but as deeply spiritual or religious events. 

She argues that many such experiences, like those of Sister Maria, may have parallels with what modern society would frame as extraterrestrial encounters.

As a researcher, Pasulka spent years exploring various church archives - including at the Vatican - seeking these overlooked or misunderstood accounts.

The Vatican's connection to mysterious aerial phenomena stretches beyond ancient visions and mystical nuns into modern history, even intersecting with global politics.

Grusch made headlines in 2023 when he claimed Pope Pius XII secretly assisted the US in recovering a crashed UFO during World War II. 

According to Grusch, who has not provided physical evidence, the first recovery occurred in Magenta, Italy, in 1933 under Mussolini's regime.

'They recovered a partially intact vehicle, and the Italian government moved it to a secure airbase in Italy until around 1944 [or] 1945,' he told NewsNation. 

'The Pope back-channeled that and told the Americans what the Italians had, and we ended up scooping it.'

While this particular account remains unverified, it adds to the growing body of speculation that the Vatican has long been aware of this phenomena.

Another mysterious event often cited by UFO researchers occurred decades earlier.

American Cosmic tells the story of the relationship between religion and UFO experiences

In 1917, three shepherd children in the town of Fatima, Portugal, claimed to witness repeated apparitions of the Virgin Mary in what later became known as the 'Miracle of the Sun.'

The children - Lucia Santos and her cousins Jacinta and Francisco Marto - said an angel first appeared in the spring, urging them to fast and repent. 

Over the following months, they reported seeing a radiant woman, who delivered a series of messages. 

Then tens of thousands of witnesses, including journalists and skeptics, reported seeing the sun appear to spin, pulse with light and even plunge toward the Earth.

The event was captured in photos and widely covered by Portuguese media at the time.

To Pasulka and others, the parallels between Fatima and modern UFO encounters are striking: shining beings descending in spheres of light, spinning aerial displays and the transmission of messages or protocols. 

'While some researchers argue that the Miracle of the Sun may have been an alien encounter misinterpreted through a religious lens, Pasulka takes a more nuanced approach.

'Religion cannot be analyzed in the same way as science,' she writes. 'One cannot put an angel under a microscope. 

'It is this aspect - the mysterious sacred - that distinguishes religion from other organized practices like sports or fandoms. 

'In religions, one finds the inexplicable, sacred event or a mysterious artifact.'

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18-07-2025 om 22:52 geschreven door peter  

Archaeologists make surprising discovery at Easter Island - turning everything we know on its head

• READ MORE: Experts make surprising discovery inside burial of 'Jesus' midwife'

By JONATHAN CHADWICK FOR MAILONLINE 

There's no doubt Easter Island is geographically one of the most isolated places on Earth. 

More than 2,000 miles off the coast of Chile, it was first settled by humans around AD 1200, who built its famous enlarged head statues. 

Historically, the original inhabitants, known as the Rapa Nui, were assumed to have long been completely shut off from the wider world.

However, a new study by researchers in Sweden challenges this long-held narrative. 

They say the 63.2 sq mile island in the southern Pacific was not quite as isolated over the past 800 years as previously thought. 

In fact, the island was populated with multiple waves of new inhabitants who bravely traversed the Pacific Ocean from west to east. 

'Easter Island was settled from central East Polynesia around AD 1200-1250,' study author Professor Paul Wallin at Uppsala University told MailOnline.

'The Polynesians were skilled sailors so double canoes were used.' 

Located in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, Easter Island was first settled by humans around AD 1200, who built its famous enlarged head statues, called moai

There's no doubt Easter Island (pictured) in the southern Pacific is geographically one of the most isolated places on Earth

Due to its remote location, Easter Island is traditionally assumed to have remained socially and culturally isolated from the wider Pacific world. 

This idea is reinforced by the fact that Easter Island's famous Moai statues, estimated to have been built between AD 1250 and 1500, are unique to the location. 

The huge human figures carved from volcanic rock were placed on rectangular stone platforms called 'ahu' – essentially tombs for the people that the statues represented. 

For their study, the team at Uppsala University compared archaeological data and radiocarbon dates from settlements, ritual spaces and monuments across Polynesia, the collection of more than 1,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean. 

Their results, published in the journal Antiquity, show that similar ritual practices and monumental structures have been observed across Polynesia. 

The experts point out that ahu stone platforms were historically constructed at Polynesian islands further to the west. 

These rectangular clearings were communal ritual spaces that, in some places, remain sacred to this day. 

'The temple grounds ahu [also known as marae] exist on all East Polynesian islands,' Professor Wallin added. 

Map of the Pacific with the East Polynesian cultural sphere indicated. Note Easter Island (Rapa Nui) in a more isolated location further east

Pictured, ahu (a central stone platform) on Mo’orea, Windward, French Polynesia, southern Pacific Ocean

Archaeologists have analysed ritual spaces and monumental structures across Polynesia, questioning the idea that Easter Island (pictured) developed in isolation following its initial settlement 

EASTER ISLAND TIMELINE  

13th century: Easter Island (Rapa Nui) is settled by Polynesian seafarers.

Construction on some parts of the island's monuments begins.  

Early 14th to mid-15th centuries: Rapid increase in construction 

1600: The date that was long-thought to mark the decline of Easter Island culture. 

Construction was ongoing. 

1770: Spanish seafarers landed on the island. The island is in good working order. 

1722: Dutch seafarers land on the island for the first time. 

Monuments were in use for rituals and showed no evidence of societal decay.

1774: British explorer James Cook arrives on Rapa Nui

His crew described an island in crisis, with overturned monuments.

The team agree that an early population of people spread from the west of the Pacific to the east before encountering Easter Island and populating it around AD 1200. 

But they argue that Easter Island was populated several times by new seafarers – not just once by one group who remains isolated for centuries as previously assumed. 

'The migration process from West Polynesian core areas such as Tonga and Samoa to East Polynesia is not disputed here,' they say in their paper. 

'Still, the static west-to-east colonization and dispersal suggested for East Polynesia and the idea that Rapa Nui was only colonized once in the past and developed in isolation is challenged.' 

Based on their evidence, they also think ahu originated on Easter Island before the trend spread east to west across other western Polynesian islands during the period of AD 1300-1600.

It was only after this that Polynesian islands – including but not limited to Easter Island – might have become isolated from each other. 

As hierarchical social structures developed independently – at Easter Island, Tahiti and Hawai'i  for example – large, monumental structures were built to display power. 

Overall, the study indicates there were robust 'interaction networks' between Polynesian islands, which allowed the transfer of new ideas from east to west and back again.

The Moai are monolithic human figures carved by the Rapa Nui people on Easter Island, between AD 1,250 and 1,500

Read More

• Collapse of the indigenous Rapa Nui population on Easter Island may have been triggered by changes in the Earth's climate BEFORE the arrival or European settlers in 1722, study shows 

Ultimately, arrival of European explorers at Easter Island in the 18th century led to a rapid decline of the population, brought on by murder, bloody conflict and the brutal slave trade – although the population there may have already been weakening. 

Today, Easter Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site with only a few thousand inhabitants. 

But it attracts large numbers of tourists, largely thanks to its monumental and world-famous stone statues that stare sternly out over the island. 

Tourism, which has grown exponentially on the island over the last 20 years, has come at a price, according to co-author Professor Helene Martinsson-Wallin. 

'When I was there in the 1980s, the sandy beach was white and there were almost no people around,' she said. 

'When I came back in the early 00s, I thought the sand looked blue, and when I looked closer I saw that it was due to tiny, tiny pieces of plastic washed up by the sea from every corner of the Earth.' 

WHAT ARE THE STATUES ON EASTER ISLAND AND WHAT DO THEY MEAN?

What are the statues? 

The Moai are monolithic human figures carved by the Rapa Nui people on Easter Island, between 1,250 and 1,500 AD.

All the figures have overly-large heads and are thought to be living faces of deified ancestors.

The 887 statues gaze inland across the island with an average height of 13ft (four metres).

Nobody really knows how the colossal stone statues that guard Easter Island were moved into position.

Nor why during the decades following the island’s discovery by Dutch explorers in 1722, each statue was systematically toppled, or how the population of Rapa Nui islanders was decimated.

Shrouded in mystery, this tiny triangular landmass, stranded in the middle of the South Pacific and 1,289 miles from its nearest neighbour, has been the subject of endless books, articles and scientific theories.  

All but 53 of the Moai were carved from tuff , compressed volcanic ash, and around 100 wear red pukao of scoria.

What do they mean? 

In 1979 archaeologists said the statues were designed to hold coral eyes.

The figures are believed to be symbol of authority and power.

They may have embodied former chiefs and were repositories of spirits or 'mana'.

They are positioned so that ancient ancestors watch over the villages, while seven look out to sea to help travellers find land.

But it is a mystery as to how the vast carved stones were transported into position. 

In their remote location off the coast of Chile, the ancient inhabitants of Easter Island were believed to have been wiped out by bloody warfare, as they fought over the island's dwindling resources.

All they left behind were the iconic giant stone heads and an island littered with sharp triangles of volcanic glass, which some archaeologists have long believed were used as weapons.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

18-07-2025 om 22:32 geschreven door peter  

Mysterious blobs deep inside Earth may fuel deadly volcanic eruptions - with the capability of wiping out life as we know it

• READ MORE: Scientists say Africa is gradually tearing in half

By JONATHAN CHADWICK FOR MAILONLINE 

Explosive volcanic eruptions don't just damage property and cancel flights.

They can kill hundreds or even thousands of people, burying them under lethal 'pyroclastic' flows. 

Now, scientists in Australia have identified a possible cause of gigantic volcanic eruptions – mysterious 'blobs' about 1,200 miles under our feet. 

Blobs are three-dimensional regions that span the length of continents and stretch 100 times higher than Mount Everest. 

They sit at the bottom of Earth’s rocky mantle above the molten outer core – a place so deep that Earth’s elements are squeezed beyond recognition. 

And they're a starting point for plumes of hot molten rock which flow upwards towards the Earth's surface. 

There they erupt as lava, gases and rock fragments – with the capability of wiping out life as we know it. 

The authors warn that giant, large-scale eruptions can have serious impacts, such as sudden climate change and mass extinction events. 

Giant, large-scale volcanic eruptions can have serious impacts, from mass extinction events to sudden climate change. Pictured, glowing lava from a volcano eruption in Iceland

Earth is made up of three layers - the crust, the mantle and the core, which was later separated into 'inner' and 'outer'. A recent study suggested the existence of an 'innermost core' too 

Volcanic eruptions can intensify global warming by adding greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. 

Giant volcanoes also triggered events that led to the largest mass dying on Earth, the Permian-Triassic extinction 252 million years ago. 

'These blobs have possibly existed for hundreds of millions of years,' say the researchers from the University of Wollongong near Sydney. 

Earth is made up of three layers – the crust, the mantle and the core, which was recently separated into 'inner' and 'outer'.

According to the team, blobs are at the bottom of Earth’s mantle, about 1,200 miles and 1,800 miles (2,000km and 3,000km) below our feet.

The mantle, the planet's thickest layer, is predominantly a solid rock – but blobs may be different compared with the surrounding mantle rocks. 

Blobs are made of rock just like the rest of the mantle, but they're thought to be hotter and heavier. 

For their study, the team used computer modeling to simulate 'mantle convection' – the movement of material in Earth's mantle powered by heat – over one billion years. 

Connection between the deep mantle and Earth’s surface showing the relationship between Blobs, mantle plumes and giant volcanic eruptions (not drawn to scale)

Blobs, which are some 1,200 miles below Earth’s surface, move over time and are connected to Earth’s surface by 'mantle plumes' that create giant eruptions

Their findings suggest that mantle plumes – columns of hot molten rock in the mantle – rise up from the continent-sized blobs. 

Mantle plumes are shaped a bit like a lollipop sticking upwards – with the 'stick' the plume tail and the 'candy' nearer Earth's surface the plume head. 

The researchers found that locations of volcanic eruption fall either onto (or close to) the location of blobs, as predicted by their models. 

This suggests that blobs – an acronym standing for Big LOwer-mantle Basal Structures – are essentially the deep-Earth origin of volcanic eruptions. 

Typically, deep Earth motions are in the order of 0.4-inch (1 cm) per year, so they only become significant over tens of millions of years. 

Blobs probably shift in a year at roughly the rate at which human hair grows each month, the team say. 

Although they have possibly existed for hundreds of millions of years, it's unclear what causes their movement. 

Mantle plumes rise very slowly from blobs through the mantle because they transport hot solid rock, not melt or lava. 

Cotopaxi, one of the highest active volcano in the world, stands at 19,347 feet (5,897 metres). Historically, its activity started in 1534 when the Spanish conquistadors began to venture into the territories that are now Ecuador

At lower pressures in the uppermost 125 miles (200 km) of Earth’s mantle, the solid rock melts, leading to volcanic eruptions.

'We used statistics to show that the locations of past giant volcanic eruptions are significantly related to the mantle plumes predicted by our models,' explain the authors in a piece for The Conversation. 

'This is encouraging, as it suggests that the simulations predict mantle plumes in places and at times generally consistent with the geologic record.' 

The new findings, published in Communications Earth and Environment, suggest that the deep Earth is even more dynamic than we realised. 

Future research aims to explore the chemical nature of blobs, which might be possible with simulations that track the evolution of their composition. 

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{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

18-07-2025 om 22:03 geschreven door peter  

A massive fire has broken out near the infamous Area 51, sending plumes of smoke into the sky and UFO enthusiasts into a panic.

A livestream camera, set up on private land just outside the heavily guarded Groom Lake facility near Rachel, Nevada, captured eerie footage of smoke rising from deep within the classified base.

The blaze was sparked by the Gothic Fire, which has grown from 8,000 acres to 35,000 since starting on July 4. It has been confirmed as a lightning-sparked wildfire

But that has not stopped speculation from spiraling online, with conspiracy theorists claiming everything from a crashed experimental craft to a cover-up gone wrong. 

'I'm not saying anything other than it was aliens,' Skywatch Signal, a group that monitors strange sightings, shared on X.

Area 51 has become a cultural phenomenon thanks to decades of conspiracy theories connecting the base to UFOs, aliens and experimental aircraft testing. 

While the fire is around 15 miles outside of the military base, it is currently sweeping over where above-ground nuclear testing occurred, the Nevada Test Site, which sits 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas.

This site, now known as the Nevada National Security Site, was established for nuclear weapons testing during the Cold War, and there is still nuclear debris and contamination in the area.

A livestream camera, set up on private land just outside the heavily guarded Groom Lake facility near Rachel, Nevada, captured eerie footage of smoke rising from deep within the classified base

While the fire (red) is outside of the military base (bottom right), it is currently sweeping over where above-ground nuclear testing occurred, the Nevada Test Site, which sits 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas

The fire is under the jurisdiction of the Department of Defense, which is listed as the landowner for Area 51 and surrounding regions.

The Gothic Fire is primarily spreading through northern Nevada, gaining fuel as high temperatures and low relative humidity hit the state.

The area is also littered with timber, specifically pinyon and juniper, and grass, allowing the fire to continue its path of destruction.

Despite the fire's growth, no evacuations have been ordered, and no structures are threatened. 

It's currently zero percent contained with no estimate on full containment.

Bryan Cross shared on X: 'Sitting in the Vegas airport at this moment..gray and smoky off toward Area 51.'

Area 51 is a highly classified US Air Force facility located within the Nevada Test and Training Range, approximately 83 miles north-northwest of Las Vegas. 

Officially known as Groom Lake, the base is situated near a dry salt flat of the same name, nestled between the Nellis Air Force Range and the rugged Groom Mountain range.

Area 51 is a highly classified US Air Force facility located within the Nevada Test and Training Range, approximately 83 miles north-northwest of Las Vegas

It lies just outside the tiny desert town of Rachel, Nevada, along the so-called 'Extraterrestrial Highway,' which is formally called Nevada State Route 375.

Read More

EXCLUSIVE

•  Secret trove of 'UFO evidence' hidden in Vatican archives revealed 

The base, established in 1955, remained largely unknown until 1989 when Robert Lazar claimed on TV that he worked at a secret site near Groom Lake, 'S-4,' studying alien technology and spacecraft.

The US Air Force and the government have denied those claims. 

The footage has sparked wild conspiracies online, with one X user saying: 'Are they trying to destroy evidence now that a congressman has asked for access to Area 51?' 

Another user asked if people 'finally stormed Area 51,' recalling how 500,000 people committed to rushing the base in July 2019.

The owners of the livestream, EWU Crew, posted an alert about the fire, saying: 'A fire has broken out inside the boundaries of Area 51 and our cameras are capturing it in real time.

'This livestream is operated from private property overlooking the Area 51 perimeter near Rachel, NV.

'Watch day and night as activity unfolds. Strange lights, aircraft, convoys, and now: smoke rising from inside the base. We're located only minutes from the back gate of Groom Lake.'

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

18-07-2025 om 21:46 geschreven door peter  

Every 200,000-300,000 years, Earth's magnetic poles do something extraordinary.

They completely flip, meaning the North pole becomes the South, and vice-versa.

The last full reversal took place approximately 780,000 years ago – leaving some experts to predict another flip is imminent.

Now, researchers have created a terrifying soundscape to represent the chaos of this event. 

Using paleomagnetic data – the record of Earth's ancient magnetic field preserved in rocks – from around the globe, scientists have constructed a model of the magnetic field before, during and after this historic reversal.

They also created a musical piece – a 'soundscape' – to represent the haunting sounds of the flip, called the Matuyama-Brunhes reversal.

The team, from the Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam, Germany, used three violins and three cellos to create a 'disharmonic cacophony' that mirrors the complex dynamics of a flip.

The clip starts off as melodic and makes for pleasant listening as it represents the poles while stable. However, it sounds more erratic and eerie as the magnetic fields begin to flux and change. 

Researchers have created a terrifying soundscape to represent the chaos of this event. The left part of the animation represents the magnetic field is a relatively stable state, however, the right represents it in a total state of flux, with the poles completely scrambled

Earth is surrounded by a system of magnetic fields called the magnetosphere. This shields our home planet from harmful solar and cosmic particle radiation, but it can change shape in response to incoming space weather from the Sun. Pictured: an artist's impression

Earth's magnetic field is generated by the roiling liquid metals deep beneath the crust.

It extends from the Earth's interior into space, acting like a protective shield by diverting harmful charged particles from the Sun away from our planet.

A flip doesn't happen overnight but takes place gradually, over centuries to thousands of years.

If a magnetic flip were to happen again, some experts claim it could render parts of Earth 'uninhabitable' by knocking out power grids.

Communication systems could be seriously disrupted, and compasses would point south – meaning Greenland would be in the southern hemisphere and Antarctica in the North.

While it sounds terrifying, and would leave life on our planet exposed to higher amounts of solar radiation, it's unlikely to cause catastrophic events or mass extinctions.

Last year, researchers also transformed readings of an epic upheaval of Earth's magnetic field that took place some 41,000 years ago.

The Laschamp event saw our planet's magnetic North and South poles weaken, with the magnetic field tilting on its axis.

During a pole reversal, Earth's magnetic North and South poles swap locations. While that may sound like a big deal, pole reversals are common in Earth's geologic history. Pictured: an artist's impression of Earth with its magnetosphere

The soundscape was captured using data from a constellation of European Space Agency satellites.

Researchers mapped the movement of Earth's magnetic field lines during the event and produced a stereo sound version using natural noises including wood creaking and rocks falling. 

The noises in the video represent a time when the Earth's magnetic field was at just five per cent of its current strength.

While the Earth's magnetic field did return to normal – over the course of around 2,000 years – its strength has decreased again by 10 per cent over the past 180 years, experts have found.

However, a mysterious area in the South Atlantic has emerged where the geomagnetic field strength is decreasing even more rapidly.

The area is called the South Atlantic Anomaly and has seen satellites malfunctioning over it several times due to exposure to highly charged particles from the sun.

This has led to speculation that Earth is heading towards a magnetic pole flip.

However, some experts have provide reassurance that the poles aren't going to flip anytime soon.

A comparison between the present day geomagnetic field (top) and a potential ancient analogue at 600 BCE (bottom)

Researchers previously pieced together data on Earth's geomagnetic field strength stretching back 9,000 years and say there's no evidence a reversal is on the cards. 

Read More

• Climate change has shifted Earth's POLES: Faster ice melting under global warming is causing the magnetic north and south poles to drift around the surface of our planet  

'We have mapped changes in the Earth's magnetic field over the past 9,000 years, and anomalies like the one in the South Atlantic are probably recurring phenomena linked to corresponding variations in the strength of the Earth's magnetic field', said Andreas Nilsson, a geologist at Lund University.

The team analysed burnt archaeological artefacts, volcanic samples and sediment drill cores – all of which carry information about Earth's magnetic field.

Reassuringly, the team's model suggests that the South Atlantic Anomaly will recover of its own accord and is unlikely to trigger the reversal that some have anticipated.

'Based on similarities with the recreated anomalies, we predict that the South Atlantic Anomaly will probably disappear within the next 300 years, and that Earth is not heading towards a polarity reversal', Mr Nilsson said.

WHAT COULD HAPPEN TO EARTH IF ITS POLES FLIPPED?

The Earth’s magnetic field is in a permanent state of change. 

Magnetic north drifts around and every few hundred thousand years the polarity flips so a compass would point south instead of north. 

The strength of the magnetic field also constantly changes and currently it is showing signs of significant weakening. 

Life has existed on the Earth for billions of years, during which there have been many reversals. 

There is no obvious correlation between animal extinctions and those reversals. Likewise, reversal patterns do not have any correlation with human development and evolution.

It appears that some animals, such as whales and some birds use Earth's magnetic field for migration and direction finding.

Since geomagnetic reversal takes a number of thousands of years, they could well adapt to the changing magnetic environment or develop different methods of navigation.

Radiation at ground level would increase, however, with some estimates suggesting that overall exposure to cosmic radiation would double causing more deaths from cancer. ‘But only slightly,’ said Professor Richard Holme.

‘And much less than lying on the beach in Florida for a day. So if it happened, the protection method would probably be to wear a big floppy hat.’

The movement of the Earth's magnetic poles are shown in this animation at 10-year intervals from 1970 to 2020. The red and blue lines sjpw the difference between magnetic north and true north depending on where you are standing. On the green line, a compass would point to true north. Credit: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information

Electric grid collapse from severe solar storms is a major risk. As the magnetic field continues to weaken, scientists are highlighting the importance off-the grid energy systems using renewable energy sources to protect the Earth against a black out. 

'The very highly charged particles can have a deleterious effect on the satellites and astronauts,' added Dr Mona Kessel, a Magnetosphere discipline scientist at Nasa.

In one area, there is evidence that a flip is already occurring. ‘The increasing strength of the South Atlantic anomaly, an area of weak field over Brazil, is already a problem,’ said Professor Richard Holme. 

The Earth's climate could also change. A recent Danish study has found that the earth's weather has been significantly affected by the planet's magnetic field.

They claimed that fluctuations in the number of cosmic rays hitting the atmosphere directly alter the amount of cloud covering the planet.

Henrik Svensmark, a weather scientist at the Danish National Space Centre who led the team behind the research, believes that the planet is experiencing a natural period of low cloud cover due to fewer cosmic rays entering the atmosphere.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

18-07-2025 om 21:33 geschreven door peter  

Mysterious new world has just been discovered in our solar system

• READ MORE:  Scientists 'found' alien life on distant planet... and now we may know what it looks like

By CHRIS MELORE, ASSISTANT SCIENCE EDITOR FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

Astronomers have discovered a new world circling the outer edges of our solar system.

Researchers using the Subaru Telescope, located in Hawaii, spotted a small, distant object called 2023 KQ14 far beyond Pluto. They've given it the nickname Ammonite.

2023 KQ14 is a rare type of object called a 'sednoid,' a small, icy body in the outer solar system, similar to the icy rocks floating in the Kuiper Belt or dwarf planets like Pluto.

So far, there are only four known objects like it in our solar system. 2023 KQ14 is about 71 times farther from the sun than Earth is.

This object follows a unique, stretched-out orbit that has stayed stable for about 4.5 billion years.

Scientists found that 2023 KQ14's orbit was similar to the other sednoids in the solar system for billions of years, but that has mysteriously changed over time, suggesting the outer solar system is a more complex space than we thought.

This discovery also makes the possible existence of 'Planet Nine' less likely, as 2023 KQ14's orbit doesn't quite fit with where scientists believe that world would be.

Dr Yukun Huang from the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan said: 'It is possible that a planet once existed in the solar system but was later ejected, causing the unusual orbits we see today.'

Researchers using the Subaru Telescope, located in Hawaii, spotted a small, distant object far beyond Pluto and have named it 2023 KQ14 

Planetary scientist Fumi Yoshida added that Ammonite was found in a region of space far beyond the influence of Neptune's gravity

'The presence of objects with elongated orbits and large perihelion distances in this area implies that something extraordinary occurred during the ancient era when 2023 KQ14 formed,' Yoshida explained in a statement.

Scientists are calling Ammonite a cosmic 'fossil' from the beginnings of the solar system.

The discovery was part of the Formation of the Outer Solar System: An Icy Legacy (FOSSIL) survey project.

The project's name itself reflected the goal of finding objects like Ammonite that act as 'icy fossils,' preserving information about the outer solar system's formation and evolution.

'I would be happy if the FOSSIL team could make many more discoveries like this one and help draw a complete picture of the history of the solar system,' Yoshida said.

Until now, astronomers had been focused on proving the existence of the fabled Planet Nine (or Planet X as NASA calls it), a mysterious ninth planet believed to be hiding far beyond Pluto at the edge of the solar system.

A recent study had whittled a list of 13 candidates down to just one potential object slowly moving around our sun approximately 46.5 billion to 65.1 billion miles away.

2023 KQ14 is a rare type of object called a 'sednoid,' a small, icy body in the outer solar system. So far, there are only four known objects like it in our solar system

Beyond Neptune is a region of the solar system called the Kuiper Belt, where Pluto and other ice fragments sit. All 4 sednoids sit in this region as well

To put that in perspective, that hypothetical planet would be almost 20 times farther away from the sun than Pluto is.

However, the Japanese team’s discovery of Ammonite (2023 KQ14) challenges the Planet Nine theory, as its unique orbit suggests that Planet Nine, if it exists, would need to be even farther from the sun than previously thought.

This has led the researchers who discovered Ammonite to hypothesize that a mystery planet (possibly Planet Nine) was somehow thrown out of its orbit around the sun long ago.

Scientists had been using the Planet Nine theory to explain some of the unsolved mysteries still surrounding our tiny corner of the Milky Way galaxy.

In a breakdown of Planet Nine, NASA said: 'It could also make our solar system seem a little more 'normal.'

'Surveys of planets around other stars in our galaxy have found the most common types to be 'super Earths' and their cousins — bigger than Earth, but smaller than Neptune,' NASA researchers continued.

'Yet none of this kind exist in our solar system. Planet Nine would help fill that gap.'

If astronomers had found a giant planet at the rim of the solar system, it could explain why objects in the Kuiper Belt are tilted by about 20 degrees with respect to the plane the planets sit on as they orbit the sun.

Planet Nine's gravity would be pulling on these objects over long periods of time, tilting their orbits so the entire ice belt would be out of line with the planets.

The existence of Planet Nine and its strong gravity would also explain why all these comets and tiny dwarf planets like Pluto all cluster together and move in the same direction without floating away.

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{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

18-07-2025 om 21:11 geschreven door peter  

Is Yellowstone's supervolcano on the brink of erupting? Scientists discover a new HOLE in one of the park's basins

• READ MORE: Scientists warn hundreds of dormant volcanoes could soon erupt

By JONATHAN CHADWICK FOR MAILONLINE 

Scientists have just discovered a new hole in a basin in Yellowstone National Park - raising fears the supervolcano could be on the brink of erupting.  

The unsettling 13-foot gap is located at Norris Geyser Basin – one of the hottest, oldest and most dynamic of Yellowstone's thermal areas. 

Experts at the United States Geological Survey (USGS) say it formed over several months, starting at around Christmas 2024. 

Despite being a channel of bubbling volcanic activity, a photo from the government agency shows the cavity as a serene pool. 

With its unusually light blue water and brilliant white sand, the scene looks like it was captured on a faraway planet. 

The discovery comes just four months after the USCS discovered a newly opened volcanic vent in Yellowstone, spewing steam into the air.

Yellowstone is one of the world's largest active volcanoes - and if it erupted, it would cover up to two-thirds of the US with ash.

Entire states could become uninhabitable as toxic air sweeps through it, grounding thousands of flights and forcing millions to leave their homes. 

The new thermal pool at Yellowstone National Park (pictured) likely formed in a series of mildly explosive events between late December 2024 and early February 2025. The rocks and white material (silica mud) surrounding the pool were probably ejected as the feature formed

The new thermal feature, discovered by geologists on April 10 but only revealed this week, is a 'blue water spring' – a natural exit point producing exceptionally pure, clear water. 

The water is relatively warm (about 43°C/109°F), light blue in colour and reaches about one foot (30cm) below the rim of the pool. 

In terms of the cause of its creation, the experts point to a 'hydrothermal explosion' – an eruption of such force that boiling water, mud and surrounding rocks are broken and flung through the air.

Satellite imagery suggests it happened as a series of mildly explosive events between late December 2024 and early February 2025 prior to discovery. 

The imagery shows there was no feature present in the spot on December 19, but by January 6, a small depression had formed there.

Another image from February 13 shows the fully formed water pool, overall indicating that it did not form in a single major explosive event. 

Rocks and pure white geothermal mud made of silica surrounding the pool were probably ejected during 'multiple small events'. 

In contrast, other hydrothermal features at Yellowstone have formed during 'brief and violent episodes of change'. 

This satellite imagery dated February 15 shows the new fully-formed thermal pool at Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. There is no indication of the pool in images from October 19 and December 19, 2024, but a small depression is visible in a January 6 image

The new hole in the ground is at Norris Geyser Basin (pictured), the hottest, oldest and most dynamic of Yellowstone's thermal areas

When we think of volcanoes we tend to think of striking cone-shaped features that rise high into the sky, but Yellowstone volcano is largely underground. 

Yellowstone volcano blew catastrophically 630,000 years ago and many fear it's getting ready for another eruption, but fortunately, the new hole doesn't necessarily indicate it is in any immediate danger of doing so. 

Dr Craig Magee, geologist at the University of Leeds, stressed that Yellowstone has a 'long history of hydrothermal activity'. 

'There are lots of small earthquakes and subtle changes in ground elevation regularly recorded there,' he told MailOnline. 

'All these tell-tale signs, and others, indicate Yellowstone has an active magmatic and hydrothermal system beneath it.

'But the occurrence of one event, like this single hydrothermal explosion, is unlikely to represent increasing volcanic activity or a move closer to eruption; it is just a symptom.' 

According to the academic, if Yellowstone had 'swarms' of hydrothermal explosions, plus increasing seismic activity and ground movement, it could suggest increased activity level. 

However, volcanoes do not work in predictable ways and their eruptions do not follow predictable patterns or schedules. 

This relief map shows the location of the new thermal feature - formed sometime during late December 2024 to early February 2025 - marked by an orange star

Hydrothermal explosions are caused by pressure changes that result from the transition of liquid water to steam, but even scientists know 'relatively little' about them, according to Dr Magee. 

'In Yellowstone, hydrothermal explosions are one of the main hazards the numerous tourists who visit may come across,' he told MailOnline. 

The unusually light blue water in this one 'could be very salty or even acidic', so visitors wouldn't want to fall in, he added.

Despite its potency, Yellowstone National Park's famous volcanic activity draws about 4 million tourists per year from around the world.

One of the park's most famous geothermal features, the Old Faithful geyser, spews jets of boiling water every 44-125 minutes. 

According to a recent study, Yellowstone's magma chamber is just 2.3 miles (3.8km) or about 12,500 feet below Earth's surface. 

This marginal distance is about the same as between Buckingham Palace and St Paul's Cathedral in London, but the study authors also did not consider an eruption to be imminent. 

COULD AN ERUPTION AT THE YELLOWSTONE SUPERVOLCANO BE PREVENTED?

Recent research found a small magma chamber, known as the upper-crustal magma reservoir, beneath the surface

Nasa believes drilling up to six miles (10km) down into the supervolcano beneath Yellowstone National Park to pump in water at high pressure could cool it.

Despite the fact that the mission would cost $3.46 billion (£2.63 billion), Nasa considers it 'the most viable solution.' 

Using the heat as a resource also poses an opportunity to pay for plan - it could be used to create a geothermal plant, which generates electric power at extremely competitive prices of around $0.10 (£0.08) per kWh.

But this method of subduing a supervolcano has the potential to backfire and trigger the supervolcanic eruption Nasa is trying to prevent.

'Drilling into the top of the magma chamber 'would be very risky;' however, carefully drilling from the lower sides could work. 

This USGS graphic shows how a 'super eruption' of the molten lava under Yellowstone National Park would spread ash across the United States

Even besides the potential devastating risks, the plan to cool Yellowstone with drilling is not simple.

Doing so would be an excruciatingly slow process that one happen at the rate of one metre a year, meaning it would take tens of thousands of years to cool it completely. 

And still, there wouldn't be a guarantee it would be successful for at least hundreds or possibly thousands of years. 

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{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

18-07-2025 om 20:50 geschreven door peter  

A massive explosion of solar plasma erupted from the sun on Wednesday, and scientists say this may be just the beginning. 

NASA satellites caught the dramatic moment when a blazing arc of superheated material burst from the Sun's northeastern edge, large enough to stretch across 30 Earths.  

The violent blast carved out a 250,000-mile-long 'canyon of fire', with walls of glowing plasma rising more than 12,000 miles high, roughly the height of Earth's diameter.

The eruption was caused by a solar filament, a thick ribbon of solar material, which snapped and collapsed, firing off a giant cloud of particles known as a coronal mass ejection (CME).

While this CME isn't expected to hit Earth, experts are warning that the sun is becoming more active, and future eruptions could strike our planet head-on.

If one does, it could unleash a geomagnetic storm, a powerful solar disturbance that has the potential to knock out power grids, satellites, and GPS systems.

The warning comes as solar activity ramps up during its current cycle, increasing the risk of Earth being caught in the path of a direct hit.

It was triggered by a solar filament, a dense, rope-like ribbon of solar material, that suddenly snapped and collapsed and shoot a coronal mass ejection (CME)

NASA satellites captured the colossal explosion as it exploded off the sun's northeastern edge, blasting a glowing arc of superheated material enough to stretch across 30 Earths

While astronomers feared the violent burst of energy could hit Earth, the space weather forecast shows our planet is in the clear of a geomagnetic storm.

However, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's space weather center listed a 60 percent chance of radio blackouts today and into the weekend due to solar activity.

NASA says the blast was so intense it twisted and tore the sun's magnetic field, leaving behind a glowing trench of charged particles where the explosion ripped through.

Similar outbursts from the sun have already wreaked havoc, including a May solar storm that sparked auroras across the US, lighting up skies from California to Alabama and prompting warnings about possible power outages and satellite disruptions.

The latest eruption was caused by a solar filament, a massive ribbon of dense material that floats above the sun's surface. 

These filaments are held in place by invisible magnetic forces, but when those break down, the entire structure can collapse and explode.

Tony Phillips, an astronomer who manages Spaceweather.com, said: 'Debris from the filament flew through the sun's atmosphere, carving a 'canyon of fire' more than 248,548 miles long. 

'The walls of the canyon are at least 32,186 miles high--a grand canyon, indeed.'

CMEs like this are massive clouds of solar material hurled into space when the Sun's magnetic fields shift violently

Phillips also noted that the eruption hurled a CME into space, but at the time, astronomers feared it was on a direct path toward Earth.

'We don't yet know if there is an Earth-directed component. Confirmation awaits additional images from [NASA's Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)].

SOHO is a project of international cooperation between the European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA to study the sun, from its deep core to the outer corona, and the solar wind.

Another massive solar eruption occurred in May, but this one measured about 600,000 miles wide, making it more than twice as long as the distance from the Earth to the moon.  

Stunning video recorded by NASA's solar observation satellites shows the moment that filaments of plasma 75 times larger than Earth peeled away from the sun in a pair of sweeping 'wings.'

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

18-07-2025 om 20:31 geschreven door peter  

Giant meteor impact may have triggered massive Grand Canyon landslide 56,000 years ago

By Sascha Pare  

Researchers have found a link between two geological events in iconic locations of the U.S. Southwest that scientists previously didn't think had anything to do with each other.

A massive landslide in the Grand Canyon 56,000 years ago blocked the Colorado River.

 (Image credit: kjetilporsboll / 500px via Getty Images)

The ancient meteor impact that formed Arizona's Barringer Crater sent shock waves through the Grand Canyon — likely triggering a landslide that dammed the Colorado River, a new study suggests.

Barringer Crater, also called Meteor Crater, formed between 53,000 and 63,000 years ago, when a giant cosmic "curveball" punched a hole in Earth's surface. The force of the impact traveled more than 100 miles (160 kilometers) to the Grand Canyon, which may have caused an entire cliff face to collapse into the river, scientists have found.

The discovery, described July 15 in the journal Geology, has linked two major events that were thought to be completely unrelated.

"There are other possibilities, such as a random rockfall or local earthquake within a thousand years of the Meteor Crater impact that could have happened independently," Karl Karlstrom, a professor of Earth and planetary sciences at the University of New Mexico and lead author of the study, said in a statement.

But the events described are extraordinary, Karlstrom said — and they happened within a suspiciously small time frame, suggesting that they were related.

Related: 

• Grand Canyon Dragon wildfire burns down historic lodge and triggers toxic gas leak

Researchers already knew that the Colorado River flooded the Grand Canyon sometime in the Late Pleistocene (129,000 to 11,700 years ago). They determined this by analyzing animal figurines carved out of driftwood, which Karlstom's father and colleagues unearthed in a cavern called Stanton's Cave in the 1960s, according to the statement. With techniques available at the time, the researchers dated the driftwood and found it was more than 35,000 years

Pieces of driftwood in several caves in the Grand Canyon pointed to a flooding event. 

(Image credit: University of New Mexico)

Stanton's Cave sits 150 feet (46 meters) above river level, so the water must have risen to deposit driftwood there — but the reason remained unknown. "It would have required a ten-times bigger flood level than any flood that has happened in the past several thousand years," Karlstrom said.

"Rare and unusual occurrences"

Subsequent analyses using more advanced techniques suggested the driftwood was 43,500 years old, and the new study pushed the date back even further, to 56,000 years ago. Dating the driftwood was a crucial step in figuring out how it got to Stanton's Cave in the first place, Karlstrom said.

But the researchers needed more evidence to complete the puzzle, so they searched similar caves in the area. "From numerous research trips, Karl and I knew of other high-accessible caves that had both driftwood and sediment that could be dated," study co-author Laura Crossey, also a professor of Earth and planetary sciences at the University of New Mexico, said in the statement.

Several labs examined the additional driftwood samples, and all came back with dates consistent with a flooding event 56,000 years ago. The locations of the caves pointed to this event being a landslide near Nankoweap Canyon, which is downstream of Stanton's Cave. The landslide may have been so big that it created a dam on the Colorado River, forming a lake that stretched for miles upstream. As a result, water levels may have risen high enough to deposit driftwood in the caves, according to the statement.

Around the same time as these results appeared, study co-author David Kring, principal scientist at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, was recalculating the age of the Barringer Crater. Kring's work showed that the meteor impact occurred around 56,000 years ago, according to the statement.

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Kring had previously calculated that the Barringer meteor impact unleashed a magnitude 5.4 earthquake, and when the researchers came together to work on the new study, he determined that the residual effect at the Grand Canyon would have been the same as a 3.5 magnitude earthquake. This could have been enough to disintegrate a cliff face, according to the statement.

"The team put together these arguments without claiming we have final proof," Karlstrom said. "Nevertheless, the meteorite impact, the massive landslide, the lake deposits, and the driftwood high above river level are all rare and unusual occurrences."

With dates that all converge around 56,000 years ago, it seems credible for the events to be related, he said.

{ https://www.livescience.com/planet-earth }

18-07-2025 om 01:29 geschreven door peter  

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

17-07-2025 om 22:33 geschreven door peter