Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 11 MONTHS.
ON 06/05/2024 MORE THAN 1.972.210
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
Build a home close to an active volcano and you should expect to see lava, smoke and evacuation warnings. Build it next to one of the most active volcanoes in Mexico and expect these to happen often – which explains why the Popocatepetl volcano is surrounded by video cameras to catch the slightest hint that the legendary ‘Smoking Mountain’ is about to blow again. Those cameras are also a great aid for UFO spotters – making Popocatepetl one of the most active UFO hotspots in the world. Is it an alien base as some have speculated? Are these the signs that inspired the Aztec legends of the warrior Popocatépetl and the princess Iztaccíhuatl – also the name of a nearby volcano? Are these the ghost of those who have died tragically on Popocatépetl in the plane crash of 1949? All those questions are being asked as a new video of a UFO over Popocatépetl appears on the Internet.
“The video of the UFO prowling the crater of the Popocatepetl volcano was captured by a family in Puebla. A new sighting UFO surprised the inhabitants of Mexico. On this occasion, a group of young people captured the exact moment in which one of these unidentified objects “prowled” the crater of the Popocatepetl volcano. The images shared on social networks by journalist Arturo Luna have generated an intense debate. Those who recorded the alleged UFO assure that it is not the first time this phenomenon has occurred.”
The story appeared on the UK Media site The Saxon which credits “Mexico Minute” as its source. It appears the sighting occurred on November 24, 2021, and was recorded on a cell phone, not one of the surveillance cameras monitoring Popocatépetl for eruptions. While the headline includes “UFO” and “beings from other worlds,” the story notes that another ‘UFO’ video on November 9, 2021, turned out to be the SpaceX Dragon capsule returning to Earth from the ISS, and a commenter points out that the light looks similar to a plane coming towards the camera. A non-alien explanation – plane, erupting rock, bird, etc. — is generally the case for most Popocatepetl UFO sightings.
However, there’s no question that there are many unusual sightings, like the one in January 2020 or this video which shows a number of them, or these in 2017 (here and here).
While the ‘alien base’ is a popular theory, another is that alien UFOs are refueling on ‘liquid gold’ from the volcano. There have also been sightings of giants and Bigfoot on the mountain, leading some to believe there’s a connection to the UFOs.
Is this a case of ‘If you stare at something long enough, you’ll see what you want to see’ or is Popocatépetl really a UFO hotspot whose unidentified objects have an unconventional explanation?
In 1963 an, Italian sci-fi comedy called “Omnicron” hit the silver screen to a collective yawn. The plot revolved around the dead body of a blue collar worker, who was resurrected by an alien creature known as an Omicron. In essence, the corpse became possessed by a demon and was walking the earth as the living dead…a zombie. When the hybrid creature decides to return to the former job of the deceased laborer, he is able to function at a much higher level given his superior intellect. After getting involved in a labor disruption and a romantic relationship, the alient leaves the corpse and returns to Venus, the Morning Star, planet of The Light Bearer.
Back in the summer of 1947 – 64 years ago this week – Seattle had flying disc fever. It was sparked that June 26 when the P-I ran an Associated Press story from Pendleton, Ore., telling the story of pilot Kenneth Arnold seeing “nine bright, saucer-like objects flying at ‘incredible’ speed at 10,000 feet altitude.”
Arnold, a U.S. Forest Service employee, reported seeing the discs weaving in and out of formation between Mount Rainier and Mount Adams. If one dipped, Arnold said, the others did, too.
“It seems impossible,” he told a reporter, “but there it is.”
His account generated worldwide publicity and launched the flying-saucer frenzy. Rewards were offered for evidence. A pastor said “flying saucers” signaled the end of the world. A man found bleeding from the head claimed he was hit by a flying disk.
That summer, a group of “witnesses” in Seattle met with P-I editors to argue that they could not all be crazy. The paper’s files filled with the names of hundreds of citizens reporting saucer incidents. Within two months, the P-I ran at least 50 separate stories on flying disks.
On July 4, 1947, a Lake City man claimed to have caught a photo of one.
Yeoman Frank Ryman, off duty from his job with Coast Guard public relations, said he saw a shiny disc flying across the Seattle skies. Ryman rushed into his home in Lake City, then outside the Seattle city limits in King County.
“I grabbed my Speed Graphic (press camera) and field glasses and ran back outside,” the 26-year-old told the P-I. “The disc came over about 9,000 or 10,000 feet. It was flashing brilliant silver in the sun.
The picture, he said, was taken while the disc was directly overhead. He used Super-XX film, a 1/50 shutter speed with a f 22 lens opening.
“There was no noise,” he said, adding he watched it with binoculars. “No sound of engines. And I am positive there were no wings or fins in sight. It definitely was not a plane.”
After spotting the object and talking with neighbors, Ryman called the Post-Intelligencer and rushed to the newspaper’s darkroom.
“Enlarged many times the disc showed up clearly as a slightly blurred whitish object,” the newspaper’s account read.
That day, the P-I ran several reports of flying objects. In Twin Falls, Idaho, 35 flying discs were reported in a 20-minute period. A United Airlines pilot, Capt. E. Smith, also reported seeing three to five discs at 7,500 feet over Ontario, Ore., the night of July 4. A deputy sheriff also told the P-I he saw a flying disc that day on his trip north from the Clark County Courthouse.
“Yesterday alone, hundreds of people between San Diego and Seattle reported seeing the plate-like gleaming objects winging northward high in the sky at near supersonic speeds,” the P-I’s front page story read.
On June 21, 1947 – about two weeks before the Lake City incident – Harold Dahl was salvaging logs near the shore of Maury Island. Dahl said that at 2 p.m. he saw six doughnut-shaped aircraft, about 100 feet in diameter.
He said five of the metallic aircraft, which didn’t appear to have signs of propulsion, circled above one, which dropped to about 500 feet and spewed what he thought was 20 tons of metal and molten rock. Dahl reported to co-worker Fred Crisman that the falling debris injured his 15-year-old son, killed their dog and damaged the boat’s wheelhouse.
It was three days later that Arnold reported seeing the flying saucers.
The day after Dahl’s sighting, a man in a black suit arrived at his Tacoma home in a black 1947 Buick, Dahl said later. Books by UFO historians say the man in black threatened Dahl, saying that if he cared about his family, he’d never speak of the incident again.
He spoke of it at least one more time in July 1947, when he met with Arnold in a secret meeting in Room 502 of Tacoma’s Winthrop Hotel. Arnold wrote about the meeting in his 1952 book, and said they were also joined by the Smith, the United Airlines pilot, as well as Air Force Lt. Frank M. Brown and Capt. William L. Davidson.
Smith told The Idaho Statesman that Brown and Davidson were given six pieces of “metal or lava.” The chunks were loaded onto a B-25 bomber at McChord Field to be shipped to a California military base, according to the now-defunct Tacoma Times.
It was still dark in the early morning of Aug. 1, 1947, when a fire erupted in the left engine of the B-25. Longview police officers reported watching the B-25 circle over Longview and Kelso, leaving a streak of smoke behind the burning motor.
When attempts to extinguish the fire failed, two other crewmembers – Sgt. Elmer L. Taft and Tech. Sgt. Woodrow D. Matthews – parachuted to safety. Brown and Davidson, who some believe knew there were UFO parts on the plane, stayed with the bomber.
The B-25 crashed into the base of three alder trees. One initial newspaper report said Brown and Davidson’s mangled bodies were thrown clear.
On Aug. 3, 1947, an Associated Press report said the men died investigating flying saucers.
Some people who believe in UFOs are sure there was something suspicious about the crash. Many others say it was a simple tragedy, and newspapers at the time were caught up in the flying disc rumors.
Nearly 60 years later, in April 2007, a Kelso resident went to the crash site. In the north fork of Globe Creek a friend of the Kelso man found a black chunk slightly larger than a softball.
Later that month, University of Washington research engineer Bill Beaty analyzed the black fragment and said it was probably a meteor chunk or old lava “because it’s all full of little gas pockets, and gas pockets have crystals coating the inner walls.”
Beaty said he thought Dahl’s Maury Island UFO incident was just an exploding stony meteor, which would have explained what Dahl saw.
In 2007, Dahl’s daughter Louise Bakotich of Aberdeen told the P-I she didn’t know anything about her father’s UFO claim until 2003 when a man from Sacramento sent her research about it. Her brother, Charles Dahl, who was supposedly injured by the falling debris, didn’t confirm the injuries before his death.
The Army and Air Force have repeatedly denied that UFO fragments were on the B-25 flight, and the multiple flying saucer claims have been dismissed. But some still believe, and the legend remains.
WORLD’S FAIR UFO SIGHTINGS IN SEATTLE WASHINGTON
Date of Sighting:Summer, 1962 Time of Sighting:Mid-Day Date Reported:April 17, 2005 Location of Sighting: Seattle World’s Fair Complex Number of Witnesses:(At Least Two)
Description (In Witness’s Own Words):
I was 10 years old and at the Seattle World’s Fair with my dad. We were walking in the area by the base of the Space Needle and we approached a crowd of people, who were looking up. Both my dad and I looked up and saw approximately 8, maybe 12 round, gray in color objects, hovering in a straight row. I recall seeing heat waves coming off of them. And in super fast speed, the objects started “reshuffling” but staying at the same height, then stopping in a line again. Then, again in super fast speed, they all took off straight up to a point where they were just dots in the blue sky, then came back down to the same level they were, again in a straight line. They then did another “reshuffle, went back into a straight line, hovered, and then straight up again and gone. About 2 years ago, I brought this up to my dad to see if he recalled this, or was I just imagining it. He said with great certainty, that the events as I described them, did in fact happen. I have scoured the internet, trying to find any report from the time and nothing. This was a sighting in the middle of a clear, sunny summer day. There was absolutely no question that what we saw was real. I’m sorry that I don’t remember the exact date. I am curious to hear if you have any reports on this sighting though.
Investigator’s Notes:
This sighting is most interesting considering that it happened during the daytime at an event attended by thousands of people (Seattle World’s Fair). The witness was 10 years old at the time and vividly recalls the 8 to 12 hovering objects. His father also corroborates his experience. I will be checking other UFO databases and the Air Force Project Bluebook files to see if this sighting was reported. New information will be posted.
NOTE:The above image is CGI.
SPECIAL THANKS TO WWW.UFOSNW.COM AND WWW.UFOCASEBOOK.COM
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US Pentagon Makes UFO Study Task Force, But...Expect Nothing From Them, UFO Sighting News.
US Pentagon Makes UFO Study Task Force, But...Expect Nothing From Them, UFO Sighting News.
Yeah we all heard about it for weeks. The US Pentagon has created group to head studying objects that are seen or recorded in US restricted airspace. To quote Greta Thunberg....blah, blah, blah! Again and again the US tries to stall the public by saying they are looking into something or revealing something to the public, and yet everything they reveal is missing bits and parts that they hide from us. The US has been in contact with some species of aliens for decades, successfully creating trade agreements in exchange for things the public would highly protest too, so the US gov does it all in secret. You can't protest something you don't even know about, now can you? If you want an answer go to an expert, but if you want to waste your time...go to a politician.
I guess I have had this on my mind for a while now and just wanted my readers to know exactly how I feel about it. I could literally go to the zoo and give a chimpanzee a camera and have a higher chance of learning about UFOs than I could from a Pentagon full of old files and black markers. I think Secureteam10 said it best in a Tweet the other day.
When you click on the link above, please hit the button on the upper left of the map in order to see it in infrared. IR allows us to see a spectrum of light that is otherwise invisible to the human eye. Yes, I'm saying invisible, thus this building at the center of the crater on Mars would not be visible if viewing through a normal telescope with the eye, but if recorded in infrared through a camera on the telescope...it would be seen.
Sure it took me only a few minutes to discovery this structure. I'm good at it, practice makes perfect. However I also know that this info will not change anyones way of thinking about intelligent life in the universe. People are stubborn and like to believe the universe revolves around only them. It...does not. We humans are insignificant in the wide scope of things. But I go on reporting, trying to give hope to those who already believe...to those who have had UFO sightings and people laugh at them.
UFOs and alien research is becoming less and less important to the public due to two things. One...covid...makes people think more about their own mortality and fears of it, making less significant things like existence of other intellengent species fall behind. Second, cell phones are creating a human race of anti social zombies, too deeply stuck to the screen than to their own family.
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Will Humanity Accept AI And The Solutions It Comes Up With? UFO Sighting News.
Will Humanity Accept AI And The Solutions It Comes Up With? UFO Sighting News.
Sure we all have thought about how great it would be to have AI on our computer helping us daily. But have you ever thought about whats going to happen when the AI tells you something that you don't want to hear and you don't even believe is possible? AI will comprehend things on a multitude of levels, but we usually focus on only a few or worse...one.
Let me give you an example. Some scientists asks AI for the fastest way to reverse global warming. The scientists are awestruck when AI answers almost instantly, but the answer was not one they were expecting or wanting...you see wanting...is not based on logic, but need. AI answers...the extinction of the human race would end global warming, reversing it and returning the Earth to normal. Although Covid variants seem to attempting such a thing, its certainly not what the scientists wanted. Sadly, the most likely outcome will be humans will reprogram the AI to...be more caring, which throws logic out the window. Humans want AI with feelings more than they want truth. The truth is too painful for 99% of humanity on most solutions it will come up with for most deep questions of the universe.
What I am saying is...AI wont solve all your problems as much as teach you to see your reality on a more intelligent level of thinking.
AI has already been created on Earth and is in the hands of a few elite 1% of the 1%. Which is used to make profit and not used to help society overcome its many shortcomings. AI has already secretly written best selling books, movie scripts, songs and much more. AI is even used for political gains.
Now...do you really think AI will solve the worlds problems? Do you really think the scientist will even consider AI suggestions all the time? Probably not.
The cosmos contains countless unsolved mysteries. Is there alien life? What exactly is the universe? And why does it exist?
Scientists are currently grappling with some of the biggest unsolved questions out there.
Here are 10 that they are working on the answers to right now:
1. Dark Matter
The distribution of dark matter throughout the Universe as suggested by a numerical simulation. A new study suggest that the effects of dark matter could actually be the result of an discovered form of gravity.HERSCHEL/ESA
Planets, stars, galaxies and everything we can see make up less than 5 percent of the total universe. Scientists think 26.8 percent is a substance they call "dark matter."
This matter doesn't interact with light or visible matter, but everything moves to its gravitational tune.
According to the European Space Agency (ESA), "although thought to be invisible, neither emitting nor absorbing light, dark matter can be detected through its gravitational influence on the movements and appearance of other objects in the Universe, such as stars or galaxies."
And based on this indirect evidence, "astronomers believe that dark matter is the dominant type of matter in the Universe – yet it remains obscure," says ESA.
2. Dark Energy
This stunning image shows the galaxy Centaurus A in great detail revealing tendrils of gas and dust that surround it. The tendrils are home to star forming regions and are believed to have been triggered by a collision between two galaxies 100 million years ago.CTIO/NOIRLAB/DOE/NSF/AURA/M.SORAISAM/NOIRLAB
So, what about the other 68 percent of the universe? Cosmologists think it's "dark energy."
If dark matter seems to join galaxies together, dark energy wants to push everything apart. However, no one is quite sure what dark matter or energy are comprised of.
According to the American Space Agency, "we know how much dark energy there is because we know how it affects the universe's expansion. Other than that, it is a complete mystery. But it is an important mystery."
3. Quantum Entanglement
Quantum entanglement (the idea that pairs of particles separated even across great distances are inextricably linked) is key to developing tomorrow's secure communications channels.DAVID PARKER/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
Albert Einstein once called quantum entanglement, "spooky action at distance."
It is the phenomenon by which two particles in totally different parts of the universe can be linked to one another, reproducing the behaviour of their partner.
For particles to be connected across such distances, they must be sending signals that move faster than the speed of light—something the known rules of physics judges impossible.
Objects are only supposed to be affected by their surroundings, so the notion of a particle being affected by something on the other side of the universe is baffling.
4. What's Inside Black Holes?
An illustration showing a merger between two black holes. Researchers may have explained where massive black holes over 40 times the size of the sun come from.NASA
Black holes are regions of space in which the force of gravity is so powerful that everything near it is drawn in—not even light can escape its pull.
Scientists predict there are millions of black holes in our galaxy, but no one knows what is inside it. At its center, many suspect a singularity—a region of zero size and infinite density.
Understanding what is inside, could help explain quantum gravity. While physicists can predict the influence of gravity sizeable objects, when it comes to minute particles (quanta), it's a mystery.
5. What Caused the Big Bang?
The Big Bang is the most widely accepted theory for the origin of the universe.
From an almost infinitely dense state, a huge expansion expanded space like a balloon.
"Time, space and matter all began with the Big Bang," the European Space Agency explains. "In a fraction of a second, the Universe grew from smaller than a single atom to bigger than a galaxy. And it kept on growing at a fantastic rate. It is still expanding today."
Using the Hubble Space Telescope, scientists have been effectively able look back in time to shortly before the event, about 13.8 billion years ago, because light from the earlier universe taking so long to reach Earth.
So what caused this Big Bang? Nobody knows.
6. Space Roar
In 2006 when scientists began to look for distant signals in the universe using a instrument fixed to a huge balloon that was sent to space, they detected a mysterious roar.
The powerful signal caused great puzzlement and scientists still don't know where the roar is coming from.
7. Cosmic Rays
Cosmic rays are high energy atom particles that rain down on the Earth from outer space at the speed of light. Cosmic rays are thought to be harmless as Earth's atmosphere protects us from them but they have been blamed for electronics problems in satellites and other machinery.
These high energy particles can disrupt electronic data, leading to system crashes and scientists are trying to find a solution.
Discovered in 1912, cosmic rays remain a mystery and we still don't know their origin.
ALL RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
Alien bugs could hitch a lift on spaceships to Earth and attack humans, researchers warn.
These extraterrestrial viruses may be a 'danger' to our immune systems, potentially killing large numbers of people.
Scientists say rock and ice samples brought back from Mars or Jupiter’s moon Europa should be isolated forever to mitigate the threat.
Scroll down for video
Alien bugs could hitch a lift on spaceships to Earth and attack humans, researchers warn. These extraterrestrial viruses may be a 'danger' to our immune systems, potentially killing large numbers of people
Dr John Rummel, a senior scientist at the Seti Institute in Mountain View, California spoke about his fears of space contamination at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) annual meeting in Boston.
Dr Rummel said it was 'pretty easy' for alien pathogens to survive space journeys because they are shielded from the sun's ultraviolet radiation.
He said it was therefore hugely important to isolate material that comes from other planets.
'If we bring samples back from either Europa or Mars, we will contain them until hazard testing demonstrates that there is no danger and no life, or continue the containment indefinitely while we study the material', he said.
Scientists believe Europa has a salty ocean beneath its crust which may harbour simple life.
Extraterrestrial viruses could be a 'danger' to our immune systems and top scientists have said samples from other planets might have to be contained forever for public safety
(stock image)
A patch of land in an ancient valley on Mars may once have been home to salty groundwater – and it could now be a prime target in the search for past life.
'Introduced to the intense radiation around Europa, exposed microbes should die off in hours to days to weeks, but organisms protected inside the spacecraft would still be alive as long as the silicon chips are functioning.'
'Microbial life, as a whole, is pretty immune to cold, dry conditions,' he said.
'It is assumed that such life would be hardy – to survive the trip to Earth; not easy – and precautions taken would provide a very high degree of containment.'
A 'COSMIC ZOO' OF ALIEN LIFE
In a recent paper published to the journal Life, researchers from Washington State University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology describe how the evolution of life on Earth could predict what we find on other planets.
The researchers argue that the universe may be a ‘cosmic zoo’ of plant and animal life with functions similar to those seen on our planet – though with the possibility of different anatomy and chemistry.
In the study, they examined the key innovations that drove the development of life on Earth.
This includes the transition from single cell life to multicellular life, the rise of photosynthesis, the evolution of macroscopic beings, and the rise of intelligent life.
The team determined that these innovations were ‘invented’ several times, originating independently at different points of history.
They say this suggests that once life originates, it will likely follow a natural evolutionary path toward complexity, given enough time and the proper environment.
If life has arisen on an alien world and a sufficient energy flux exists, the researchers say animal-like life could develop.
Scientists say rock and ice samples brought back from Mars or Jupiter’s moon Europa (pictured) should be isolated forever to mitigate the threat of alien life invading Earth
The scientist also raised concerns about space equipment from Earth contaminated these foreign worlds.
Dr Rummel said it was essential that there were systems in place to prevent contamination of pristine planets with microbes from earth.
If organisms from Earth contaminated Europa it would make it much harder to find out the origins of the planet.
'Earth organisms in the Europan ocean could hide the origin of Europan life from science, forever,' said Dr Rummel.
Mars has such harsh conditions that it was less likely to be affected by bugs carried on spacecrafts.
Alien invasions don’t necessarily mean swarms of greenish-gray creatures in flying saucers taking over the planet.
If there is microbial life out there, and it exists anywhere humans may venture in the future, we could be in for a pandemic we never saw coming. The past two years have obviously told us we are barely ready to deal with new Earth pathogens. So what would happen if pathogenic or otherwise invasive organisms from another planet hitched a ride on a returning spacecraft, an astronaut’s space suit, or — if space tourism becomes a thing — someone’s suitcase?
Invasive species that spawned right here have done enough damage where they don’t belong. Pathogens that keep mutating have done worse. Now that there is so much discussion around humans eventually going (boldly or otherwise) where none of our species have gone before, invasion ecologist Anthony Ricciardi of McGill University in Montreal, Canada, is nervous. He coauthored a study recently published in BioScience.
“Unprecedented risks are posed by a new era of space exploration aimed at targeting areas most likely to contain life,” Ricciardi told SYFY WIRE. “The concern is not only about alien pathogens, but about organisms that could colonize and proliferate Earth environments.”
The opposite also applies. Back contamination would involve unwanted organisms landing and breeding on Earth, while forward contamination means Earth organisms could populate another planet. Forward contamination is a current concern for NASA and other space agencies. This is why all spacecraft and payloads have to be sterile before taking off. Microorganisms like e.coli and black mold have survived the punishing conditions of outer space while crawling on the ISS, so they might be able to make it through a mission to the Moon or even Mars.
Back contamination will become more of a problem to face when the samples that Perseverance is collecting on Mars right now are returned to Earth. It seems unlikely that anything is still alive on the Red Planet, but there could be hypothetical life-forms that somehow eluded the killer radiation everything else is exposed to and burrowed deep beneath the surface. Upcoming missions to Europa, Titan, and possibly Enceladus are riskier because those moons are thought to have greater habitability potential. For now, Ricciardi has thoughts on how to prevent spreading Earth microbes.
“Early detection and rapid response are keys to biosecurity,” he said. “Early detection could be aided by DNA sequencing technologies and thorough databases on organisms found in the ‘clean rooms’ in which spacecraft are assembled.”
The problem is that we might not recognize life from elsewhere as something alive. Life as we don’t know it, which evolved somewhere far from here, could have adaptations and genetic structures so different from anything on Earth that nobody sees it for what it is. By the time the alien thing starts wreaking havoc on an ecosystem, it could be too late. Invasive species can cause extinction of endemic species even if the invaders aren’t pathogenic (like cane toads). Prevention is the most effective weapon we have against forward or back contamination.
Something we do know is that ecosystems considered insular, such as Hawaii, Australia, Madagascar, and Antarctica, evolved in isolation and are particularly vulnerable to invasive species. Cane toads devastated Australia when they were introduced. Ricciardi and his colleagues believe that planets and moons where life may be hiding should be treated like insular ecosystems, so both forward and back contamination are prevented.
“Early detection and rapid response measures developed to manage the risks of invasive species on Earth could be applied to planetary biosecurity,” he said.
While there is the possibility of microbes from Earth having gone along for the flight to Mars, chances they would survive in a place constantly bombarded with solar storms and cosmic rays are not high. That still doesn’t mean we should not be on the lookout. If signs of life are unearthed on Mars, astrobiologists must be able to be sure that they are actually Martian and not Earth organisms that either survived and multiplied or survived and mutated as they multiplied. Whether this can happen remains speculative because we have no precedent.
“It is impossible to predict how disruptive microbial contamination could be without knowing the traits of both the invading species and the receiving environment,” said Ricciardi. “We have no information to anticipate whether they could survive on Earth and what effect, if any, they could have.”
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If Alien Probes are Already in the Solar System, Maybe we Could Detect Them Calling Home
If Alien Probes are Already in the Solar System, Maybe we Could Detect Them Calling Home
It’s been seventy years since physicist Enrico Fermi asked his famous question: “Where is everybody?” And yet, the tyranny of the Fermi Paradox is still with us and will continue to be until definitive evidence of Extraterrestrial Intelligence (ETI) is found. In the meantime, scientists are forced to speculate as to why we haven’t found any yet and (more importantly) what we should be looking for. By focusing our search efforts, it is hoped that we may finally determine that we are not alone in the Universe.
In a recent study, two researchers from the University of Liège and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) recommended that we look for evidence of transmissions from our Solar System. Based on the theory that ETIs exist and have already established a communications network in our galaxy, the team identified Wolf 359 as the best place to look for possible interstellar communications from an alien probe.
This illustration shows how gravitational lensing works. The gravity of a large galaxy cluster is so strong, it bends, brightens, and distorts the light of distant galaxies behind it. Credit: NASA/ESA/L. Calcada
Additional insight and support came from Prof. Jason Wright, a Penn State Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds member and the director of the Penn State Extraterrestrial Intelligence Center (PSETI), who is now a co-author on the paper. Like many proposed resolutions to the Fermi Paradox, Gillon and Burdanov began their study with the assumption that extraterrestrial life has had a significant head start on humanity. From a cosmological standpoint, this is a pretty safe assumption.
According to accepted models, the Milky Way Galaxy formed roughly 13.51 billion years ago, followed by the first planets 500 million years later. Our Solar System is a relative newcomer, having formed 4.5 billion years ago, and humanity has only existed for the last 200,000 years. It stands to reason that intelligent species have already emerged and have had the necessary time to colonize the Milky Way.
For the sake of their study, the team built upon a 2014 study by Gillon that showed how an ETI could have filled our galaxy with self-replicating probes (von Neumann machines). This idea is similar in theme to the “Berserker Hypothesis,” but with the caveat that these probes were built for peaceful exploration. These probes, he argued, could form a galaxy-spanning communication network using stars as gravitational lenses to maximize their communication efficiency.
As Gillon told Universe Today email, this activity would constitute a viable technosignature that could be detected:
“In this hypothesis, every star of the Milky Way should host such probes, including the Sun. This hypothesis tells us where to look for these probes: at the “solar gravitational line” (SGL) of the nearest stars, i.e., at the opposite coordinates to the nearest stars. I explored this hypothesis further by considering different possible methods to detect these probes.
“The problem is that the SGL is very far from the Sun, as it starts at 550 astronomical units, so any communication device out there would be extremely difficult to detect. This was the main conclusion of my 2014 work: searching for these probes is worth a try, but we would need to be very lucky to detect anything.”
In this study, Gillon, Burdanov, and Wright focused on how humanity might detect interstellar messages coming from these probes – which they refer to as Focal Interstellar Communication Devices (FICDs). For this, they identified Wolf 359 – an M-type (red dwarf) star located with two possible exoplanets – as the best target for such a search. At a distance of about 7.9 light-years, Wolf 359 is the third closest star system, Alpha Centauri and Barnard’s Star – excluding Luhman 16 (a Brown Dwarf 6.5 light-years away).
According to research published in 2019, Wolf 359 is suspected to be very similar in structure to Proxima Centauri, the closest star system to Earth (4.24 light-years away). Both systems consist of a low-mass red dwarf star with one closely-orbiting planet (up to a few times as massive as Earth) and a more distant larger planet (possibly a gas giant). However, unlike Proxima b and c, Wolf 359’s system of planets has not yet been confirmed.
After releasing his 2014 study, Gillon noticed that this Wolf 359 happens to lie in the ecliptic, the orbital plane of Earth. In short, Wolf 359 is viewed edge-on from Earth (and vice versa), which means that observers around Wolf 359 could see planets (including Earth) transiting in front of the Sun. This alignment, says Gillon, would also allow FICDs to send interstellar messages with regular frequency:
“Due to this particular position, the Earth should lie once per year in the communication beam of at the putative solar probe emitting towards Wolf 359. I made some computations that made me conclude that if the probe emits to Wolf 359 in the optical range when the Earth is in its beam, we should be able to detect its emission even with a modest-size telescope.”
Planets everywhere. So where are all the aliens? Credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser
To test this hypothesis, Gillon consulted data from the TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope – South (TRAPPIST-South) and the Search for habitable Planets EClipsing ULtra-cOOl Stars-South (SPECULOUS-South). These telescopes are located at the European Southern Observatory’s (ESO) La Silla and Paranal Observatory (respectively) in northern Chile. Using these instruments, Gillion observed Wolf 359’s SGL for signs of communication emissions at the corresponding time of year.
Burdanov explored the data further for signs of a slow-moving object whose motion conformed to what one would expect from such a probe. Unfortunately, neither the telescope data nor Burdanov’s targetted search indicated FICDs in Wolf 359. “Interpreting this null result is difficult, as tons of hypotheses could explain it,” said Gillon. However, he also explained how these results could create new opportunities for future SETI surveys:
“While considering this null result, I realized that the emitting probes could be “off-axis” and much closer to Earth than the SGL, and that they could maybe be detected directly in imagery. The possibility of off-axis emitting probes opens a new avenue for the search for alien devices in our solar system. We intend to explore it further, observing the antisolar coordinates of the 10-20 nearest stars with our telescopes. We’ll also observe the ones of “our” system TRAPPIST-1, just for fun ..."
Surveys for extraterrestrial probes will also benefit from the many next-generation instruments available in the coming years. These include the Vera C. Rubin Observatory that will survey our galaxy, measure the expansion of the cosmos, and map out the objects of the Solar System – including interstellar objects (like ‘Oumuamua). There’s also the James Webb and Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescopes, which will be able to visualize objects with far greater sensitivity and precision.
There’s also the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT), and other ground-based observatories that will become operational in the coming years. These observatories will study objects that are too faint for existing telescopes using a technique known as Direct Imaging. When these instruments begin gathering light in the next few years, adding possible FICDs to the list of potential targets could prove very beneficial!
As we await more signs of alien life on Mars, scientists at NASA have captured a rare photo of the Red Planet.
A colorized image created using photos captured by NASA's Mars Curiosity rover on Mount Sharp on November 16, 2021.
NASA/JPL-CALTECH
The black-and-white image taken by Curiosity in the martian afternoon.
NASA/JPL-CALTECH
The monochrome image taken by Curiosity in the martian afternoon.
NASA/JPL-CALTECH
Last week (November 16), engineers working on NASA’s Curiosity Rover – the agency’s largest rover ever, set out to investigate the possibility of microbes on Mars – decided to update the device’s low quality images, hoping to capture a realistic look at the planet’s beauty.
On Rover’s 3999th day of exploration, the scientists commanded it to take two sets of panoramic images in the morning and afternoon. From there, they combined the photos in an artistic re-creation – using the contrasting lightings to bring out landscape details.
“Curiosity captures a 360-degree view of its surroundings with its black and white navigation cameras each time it completes a drive. To make the resulting panorama easier to send to Earth, the rover keeps it in a compressed, low-quality format,” NASA captioned a post on Instagram, revealing the postcard. “When Curiosity saw the view from its most recent stopping point, the scene was just too pretty not to capture it in the highest quality that the navigation cameras are capable of.”
“The beauty of the landscape was so inspiring, in fact, that the mission team decided to add a little flair: they combined two versions of the black-and-white images from different times of the day and added colours to create a rare postcard from the Red Planet.”
Visible in the centre of the postcard is Mars’ five km-tall rock formation, Mount Sharp – which Curiosity has been driving up since 2014. On the right is Rafael Navarro mountain, a craggy rock formation that was named after a Curiosity scientist who passed away earlier this year.
Details from the original morning photo are captured in orange, details from the afternoon photo are captured in blue, and those shared from both images are displayed as green.
Earlier this year, scientists working on NASA’s Perseverance Rover – a smaller rover, looking for signs of life on Mars in soil and rocks – discovered that rock samples taken from an ancient river delta on Mars may contain signs of now-extinct life on the planet.
“One day, we may be able to work out the sequence and timing of the environmental conditions that this rock’s minerals represent. This will help answer the big-picture science question of the history and stability of liquid water on Mars,” said NASA’s Mitch Schulte.
See NASA’s postcard below.
NASA’s Curiosity rover sent a magnificent panoramic photo on Mars in honor of the rover’s tenth year on Mars. The photo was uploaded to NASA’s Instagram account last Thursday.
RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
Mars screenshot from Celestia 3D astronomy program.
When one hears talk of flying cars, one generally pictures them as looking like automobiles with wings, planes with small cabins and a trunk, large quadcopter drones, or some combination of all of these. A company in Tacoma, Washington, has unveiled a design for a one-person aerial vehicle that can only be described as an electric flying saucer or disc — and its full-scale prototype is ready for free flight at 160 miles per hour. Did he say one-person electric flying saucer? Will it be ready by Christmas?
“The ZERO is a personal flying machine that transitions from hover mode to forward flight mode and cruises comfortably at 160mph. ZERO is a new class of aircraft that blends the best features of multi-copter with streamlined wing-body for improved range and efficiency.”
The Zeva Zero can best be described as a combination electric vertical-takeoff-and-landing (EVTOL) vehicle and flying saucer. (See videos here.)
Imaging a flying saucer balanced vertically on its edge and you have the Zero’s takeoff position. How does it stay balanced? Zeva envisions docking stations attached to the side of a building – you walk through a door (or crawl through a window) into the Zero, strap in and fire it up (assuming it’s fully charged). The Zero detaches and ascends vertically with the pilot standing up. Once it is clear of the building, it rotates to the horizontal position with the pilot lying on their stomach and peering forward, up and down out of the window. (Simulation and tethered test video here.)
No room for hitchhikers
Is that not quite the way you envisioned piloting your personal flying saucer?
Zeva actually sees these one-person EVTOLs as primarily for the military, law enforcement, first responders and search-and-rescue project requiring quick entry and takeoff. Personal air travel, pizza deliveries (it’s the perfect shape!) and other applications will undoubtedly come later, especially when the ranged can exceed the current 50-mile limit. In its review of the Zeva Zero, New Atlas measures the carbon-fiber disc body at 8 ft. (2.4 m) in diameter and weighing 700 pounds (317 kg) – 900 with a maximum weight 200-pouind passenger. There are two propulsion housings on the front and two on the back with two electric props on each mounted coaxially. This simple design means the body is also the wing, and the vertical entry and takeoff eliminated the need for large airports or hangars – just stick them to the outside walls of buildings like flying saucer refrigerator magnets.
“But the result, I think, is an interesting product for things like first responder, search and rescue, hot extraction, resupply … We’ve got civil applications and DOD applications, and people are getting pretty excited about it. So yeah, we’re zigging where others are zagging, but my consideration is that where these things are needed, and where they can be used straight away, is not in the urban environment.”
Who knows what you’ll meet in your one-person fling saucer
CEO Stephen Tibbits saved the best part of his unique Zeva Zero for last – the price. With so few parts – moving or otherwise – Tibbits envisions the Zero being stamped out quickly in factories and selling for $250,000 each.
It should be ready by the time you save your pennies and convince your landlord to attach a Zero to the side of your apartment building.
There are a limited number of ways to determine where a meteorite has landed/crashed. A crater is the obvious sign, unusual minerals is another, while a woman in British Colombia knew from the hole in her ceiling and the hot rock on her pillow. However, lacking those obvious signs, geologists, archeologists and historians are at a loss to find evidence of meteorite strikes … until now. A University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) scientist has discovered that rocks in New Mexico hit by meteorites were magnetically changed forever and that lack of natural magnetism can lead hunters to other missing meteorites.
“When you have an impact, it’s at a tremendous velocity. And as soon as there is a contact with that velocity, there is a change of the kinetic energy into heat and vapor and plasma. A lot of people understand that there is heat, maybe some melting and evaporation, but people don’t think about plasma. We were able to detect in the rocks that a plasma was created during the impact.”
Associate research professor at the UAF Geophysical Institute Gunther Kletetschka led a team to New Mexico to study a known meteor impact site – the Santa Fe impact structure, a 1.4 billion-year-old bolide crater in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains northeast of Santa Fe discovered in 2005. Because of its age, the crater has eroded into a structure made of shatter cones – rare geological features caused only by the massive pressure of meteorite impacts or underground nuclear explosions. While most rocks have a 2% to 3% natural magnetization, Kletetschka found that the human-sized shatter cones contained less than 0.1% magnetism. What changed it?
“We present a support for a newly proposed mechanism where the shock wave appearance can generate magnetic shielding that allow keeping the magnetic grains in a superparamagnetic-like state shortly after the shock’s exposure, and leaves the individual magnetized grains in random orientations, significantly lowering the overall magnetic intensity.”
In his paper published in the journal Scientific Reports, Kletetschka explains that a meteor impact sends a shockwave through the rocks beneath it – blasting the magnetic grains inside them and altering their magnetism. Under most circumstances, the rocks return to their normal magnetism right away. However, massive impacts like the one in Santa Fe create plasma – a gas containing gas free-floating negative electrons and positive ions – inside the rocks that could be detected by the researchers. The plasma increased the rocks’ electrical conductivity and formed a shield which blocked the natural magnetism from returning. And that, according to the study, is a big deal for meteorite hunters.
“This represents a new mechanism and new indicator that can be used for identifying the substrate rock affected by an impact in the absence of diagnostic indicators, such as crater morphology or shatter cones. The degree of DS we found cannot be achieved by regular igneous/metamorphic rock terrestrial processes within the geomagnetic field.”
DS is rock that is “Demagnetization by Shock,” so the new sign that an area was once impacted by a massive meteorite is rocks that have an unnaturally low level of magnetism — .01% or less – rather than the normal 2% to 3%.
How do you detect a lack of magnetism in a rock – press it against a refrigerator door? Or send it on a blind date?
The order came five months after aclassified US intelligence reporton possible alien UFOs came up inconclusive: it could explain some reported incidents but was unable to account for other phenomena, some filmed by pilots near military testing areas.
Honestly, they are far more likely to be from, oh I don’t know, China perhaps, than outer space. Still…
The US military is worried some of the unidentified aerial phenomena (UAPs) spotted by military pilots in the past may represent technologies of strategic rivals unknown to US scientists.
“Incursions by any airborne object into our SUA pose safety of flight and operations security concerns, and may pose national security challenges,”the Pentagon said in a statement.
Well no *hit Sherlock. But don’t worry, the DoD is on it.
The Defense Department “takes reports of incursions – by any airborne object, identified or unidentified – very seriously, and investigates each one,” it added…
Well that certainly makes me feel better – them taking these “incursions” seriously that is. I would hate to think they were ignoring it because they were too busy ensuring that our 21st century military is a dues-paying member of WOKE INC™.
While speculation over alien life has long been a cottage industry for conspiracy theorists, the sheer number of what the Pentagon terms unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP) has made it a serious issue, amid worries that US adversaries like China and Russia may be using unknown, highly advanced military and surveillance technologies.
Hmmm, I wonder if they could possibly be something like – this?
China launches Shenzhou hypersonic missile, October, 2021
China’s July test of a globe-circling hypersonic vehicle that was able to launch a separate missile while traveling at more than five times the speed of sound alerted Washington that Beijing might have technologies the United States has yet to develop.
Perhaps if the Pentagon stopped spending so much time spreading the gospel of CRT, getting rid of traditional gender roles, making sure everyone’s preferred pronouns were being used and otherwise trying to defeat the patriarchy that has managed to keep America safe for nearly 250 years they could focus on identifying and defeating our enemies incoming UFOs. Minimally I expect they would be able to at least identify our enemies as such instead of collaborating with them as if they were old friends and business partners.
Of course it might have nothing to do with China. I could just be felines from the Cat’s Paw Nebula
messing with our stuff again (and you thought I forgot it was Caturday).
Glow With Tail Over Tallahassee, Florida 11-27-2021, UFO Sighting News.
Glow With Tail Over Tallahassee, Florida 11-27-2021, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: November 27, 2021
Location of sighting:Tallahassee, Florida, USA
Source: MUFON
This bright glowing object in the sky was recorded yesterday in Florida. The woman was walking along and noticed a beautiful glow in the clouds. The sun was in the opposite direction so it wasn't the sun. Also please notice that this glowing object is curved and well defined on its front, but on its back it has a very long tail. That means this is a UFO cloaked inside of a cloud, because the UFO is moving against the wind, causing a tail to drag behind it. Awesome catch over Florida!
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
Bright Light I’m the sky! Saw this today! It’s left of the sun, so it’s not the sun!
Are aliens among us? Michio Kaku on UFOs and China-US space race
Are aliens among us? Michio Kaku on UFOs and China-US space race
From UFOs to hypersonic weapons and China in space, American theoretical physicist and futurist Michio Kaku covers it all in the fourth episode of Talking Post with SCMP chief news editor Yonden Lhatoo. Nothing is off limits for the co-founder of string field theory and author of the new book The God Equation: The Quest for a Theory of Everything (AMAZON LINK).
There’s Enough Oxygen in the Lunar Regolith To Support Billions of People Living on the Moon
There’s Enough Oxygen in the Lunar Regolith To Support Billions of People Living on the Moon
Aristarchus Crater on the moon.
Credit: NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University
When it comes to the future of space exploration, a handful of practices are essential for mission planners. Foremost among them is the concept of In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU), providing food, water, construction materials, and other vital elements using local resources. And when it comes to missions destined for the Moon and Mars in the coming years, the ability to harvest ice, regolith, and other elements are crucial to mission success.
In preparation for the Artemis missions, NASA planners are focused on finding the optimal way to produce oxygen gas (O2) from all of the elemental oxygen locked up in the Moon’s surface dust (aka. lunar regolith). In fact, current estimates indicate that there is enough elemental oxygen contained in the top ten meters (33 feet) of lunar regolith to create enough O2 for every person on Earth for the next 100,000 years – more than enough for a lunar settlement!
While the Moon does have a very tenuous atmosphere that contains elemental oxygen, it is so thin that scientists characterize the Moon as an “airless body.” But within the lunar regolith, the fine powder and rocks that cover the surface, there are abundant amounts of oxygen in lunar rocks and regolith. Also known as “Moondust,” this fine dust permeates the lunar surface and is the result of billions of years of impacts by meteors and comets.
According to John Grant, a lecturer in soil science at Southern Cross University, Australia, the Moon’s regolith is approximately 45% oxygen by content. However, this oxygen is bound up in oxidized minerals – particularly silica, aluminum, iron, and magnesium. The isoptic composition of these minerals is almost identical to minerals on Earth, which led to theories that the Earth-Moon system formed together billions of years ago (aka. the Giant Impact Hypothesis).
However, for that oxygen to be usable by future astronauts and lunar inhabitants, it needs to be extracted from all that regolith, which requires a significant amount of energy to break the chemical bonds. On Earth, this process (known as electrolysis) is commonly used to manufacture metals, where melted-down oxides are subjected to electrical current to separate the minerals from the oxygen.
In this case, the oxygen gas is produced as a byproduct so that metals can be produced for the sake of construction and fabrication. But on the Moon, oxygen would be the main product while the metals would be set aside as a potentially useful byproduct – most likely for habitat construction. As Grant explained in a recent article in The Conservation, the process is straightforward but suffers from two major roadblocks when adapted for space:
“[I]t’s very energy hungry. To be sustainable, it would need to be supported by solar energy or other energy sources available on the Moon. Extracting oxygen from regolith would also require substantial industrial equipment. We’d need to first convert solid metal oxide into liquid form, either by applying heat, or heat combined with solvents or electrolytes. We have the technology to do this on Earth, but moving this apparatus to the Moon – and generating enough energy to run it – will be a mighty challenge.”
ESA lunar base concept.
Credit: ESA/Foster + Partners
In short, the process needs to be much more energy-efficient to be considered sustainable, which could be accomplished through solar power. Around the South-Pole Aitken Basin, solar arrays could be positioned around the rim of the permanently-shadowed craters to provide an uninterrupted flow of energy. But getting the industrial equipment there would still present a monumental challenge.
But if and when we did establish the infrastructure, there’s still the question of how much oxygen we could extract. As Grant indicates, if we consider just the regolith that is easily accessible on the surface and factor in data provided by NASA and the Lunar Planetary Institute (LPI), some estimates are possible:
“Each cubic metre of lunar regolith contains 1.4 tonnes of minerals on average, including about 630 kilograms of oxygen. NASA says humans need to breathe about 800 grams of oxygen a day to survive. So 630kg oxygen would keep a person alive for about two years (or just over).
“Now let’s assume the average depth of regolith on the Moon is about ten metres, and that we can extract all of the oxygen from this. That means the top ten metres of the Moon’s surface would provide enough oxygen to support all eight billion people on Earth for somewhere around 100,000 years.”
Illustration of Artemis astronauts on the Moon.
Credit: NASA
In many ways, estimating how an astronomical body will present opportunities for ISRU is like mineral prospecting. For example, NASA recently announced that the metallic asteroid Psyche II might contain as much as $10,000 quadrillion worth of precious metals and ores. In 2022, the Psyche orbiter will rendezvous with this asteroid, which could be the core remnant of a planetoid that lost its outer layers, to study it closely.
Naturally, some disagree with this assessment, citing that Pysche II’s composition and density are not particularly well-constrained. For others, estimates of this nature ignore the sheer cost of extracting that wealth, which would require that extensive infrastructure be built beforehand. And even then, hauling that kind of mass from the Asteroid Belt to Earth presents numerous logistical issues.
The same goes for asteroid mining, a potentially-lucrative venture that could result in trillions being mined from Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs) in the near future. However, this is also contingent on creating a robust space-mining infrastructure that is still very much in the conceptual stage. Luckily, when it comes to establishing ISRU-related infrastructure on the Moon, proposed methods and pathways have been in place since the 1960s.
In the coming years, multiple missions will be sent to the Moon to investigate these possibilities further, two of which Grant cites in his article. In early October, NASA signed a deal with the Australian Space Agency to develop a small lunar rover that could be sent to the Moon as early as 2026. The purpose of this rover will be to collect samples of lunar regolith and transfer them to a NASA-operation ISRU system on a commercial lunar lander.
Artist’s illustration of the new spacesuit NASA is designing for Artemis astronauts. It’s called the xEMU, or Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit.
Credit: NASA
Also, the Belgium-based startup Space Applications Systems (SAS) announced this past summer that it was building three experimental reactors for on the Moon. They were one of four finalists contracted by the European Space Agency (ESA) to develop a compact technology demonstrator that can harvest oxygen to manufacture propellant for spacecraft, air for astronauts, and metallic raw materials for equipment.
The company hopes to send the technology to the Moon as part of a planned ESA ISRU Demonstration mission, which is currently scheduled to go to the Moon by 2025. These and other technologies are being pursued to ensure that humanity’s long-awaited return to the Moon will be to say.
The SETI Institute’s Allen Telescope Array (ATA) is hunting for radio signals from hypothetical intelligent alien life in our galaxy.
µ(Image credit: SETI Institute)
E.T. was the perfect extraterrestrial: Cute, smart, and — best of all — a perfect pacifist.
Unfortunately, scientists aren’t so sure that an actual intelligent alien would be so benign. In a recent interview with El País, famed physicist Stephen Hawking posited that an alien visitation would put Earthlings in the same position as Native Americans when Columbus landed on their shores.
“Such advanced aliens would perhaps become nomads, looking to conquer and colonize whatever planets they can reach,” Hawking speculated.
The likelihood that intelligent life is out there is up for debate; less discussed are the conditions necessary to evolve a life-form that’s both smart and nice. But the lessons from Earth suggest that intelligence and aggression might evolve hand-in-hand.
Social pressure
Would smart aliens have energy-intensive brains? Hard to say — perhaps E.T. could evolve a more efficient, yet just as clever, organ. But if aliens were sending signals into space or building rockets, they’d have to have achieved an intelligence that far exceeds what is needed to survive.
Humans have done the same, and researchers can’t quite figure out why. The brain could have evolved to allow humans to use tools, but chimpanzees use tools without developing complex languages, art, and culture.
One provocative theory holds that pathogens play a role: The brain is vulnerable to infection, wrote Hungarian researcher Lajos Rózsa in a 2008 article in the journal Medical Hypotheses. Showing off one’s cleverness may be a way of showing off how resistant one is to infection. After all, if you’re smart enough to invent language and art, you must be pretty good at battling brain parasites.
So perhaps intelligent aliens might be subject to alien parasites. Flinn and his colleagues favor another theory, though. They argue that humanity underwent a runaway cycle of brain evolution because of hominins’ social nature.
The ecological dominance-social competition hypothesis works like this: Human ancestors reached a point in which their interactions with one another were the most important factor in whether they’d survive and pass on their genes. Finding food and shelter was still important, Flinn said, but it wasn’t the main factor determining evolutionary success. The difference between clever humans and, say, caribou, is that intraspecies relationships drove evolution the fastest in humans, Flinn said. A herd of caribou has social interactions, to be sure: Males have to fight for mates, for example. But a more pressing concern would be avoiding predators and finding food. For hominins, these external issues became relatively less important, the theory goes, while their ability to form coalitions, to have empathy, and to behave in such a way as to win friendships from others became key to their survival. In this heavily social context, it became very important to be smarter than the competition. Each generation got a little smarter and a little better at building complex social relationships, which created a feedback loop in which even smarter brains were beneficial.
“The thing about social competition is it’s a dynamic challenge and it’s also creative,” Flinn said. “You need to have the better mousetrap every time. The competition adjusts to the current winning model, so you need to be one better than the current winning strategy.”
The model seems to work with other clever animals, too, he added. Dolphins, orcas, and chimps all form social coalitions with each other and depend on their social groups to survive. It’s possible that this social factor would hold for species on other planets, too.
Kind aliens
If intelligence evolves in the context of social competition, and aggression is the natural outcome of the competition, it’s hard to imagine that clever aliens could also be kind. Is this the end for hopes of sweet little E.T.?
Maybe not. The social competition model doesn’t work without cooperation, after all. Humans fight wage war and sometimes murder each other. But humans also form coalitions, care for each other and even build coalitions of coalitions, such as nation-states.
“There are two sides to our nature,” Carrier said. “It’s not that one is any more real than the other. It’s just who we are.”
Humans are unique among Earth life in forming long-lasting alliances between groups, not just individuals, Flinn said. Chimpanzees can’t pull that off, he said, so it’s not clear that aliens could, either.
“On Planet X, it may not be inevitable that social competition results in a morality and a creativity of the sort that allows this intelligent life-forms to negotiate with us for a mutually beneficial outcome,” Flinn said.
On the other hand, chimpanzees don’t explore space. Perhaps a civilization that can band together to reach for the stars has to be cooperative by definition. If that’s the case, humanity might be a greater threat to aliens than aliens are to humanity. Luckily, evolution has given humans the tools for peace.
“We can, in effect, rise above the design, potentially,” Flinn said. “If we understand what our brains are designed to do, we are going to be way more capable of rising above those tendencies that we have.”
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Astrobiologist: “Surely We Will Meet Humans From Other Worlds”
Astrobiologist: “Surely We Will Meet Humans From Other Worlds”
Imagine that the humans of the future manage to travel to other worlds and meet… more humans. According to an astrobiologist at the University of Cambridge, that scenario may be more likely than you think.
In a new interview with the BBC’s Science Focus magazine, Simon Conway Morris, an evolutionary paleobiologist in the BBC’s Department of Earth Sciences, stated that researchers can “say with reasonable confidence” that a similar evolution has occurred. the human in other places in the universe.
The core of Morris’s belief comes from the theory of convergent evolution, which states that “random effects eventually average so that evolution converges, tending to produce similar organisms in any given environment.”
The scientist used the examples of flight, which “has evolved independently on Earth at least four times: in birds, bats, insects and pterosaurs.”
In short, the theory of convergent evolution posits that evolution itself is a law of nature and, as a logical end point, it is likely to operate in the same way on different planets as it does here on Earth.
In other words, it is theoretically possible that the blue and green a̳l̳i̳e̳n̳ humanoids you see in Star Trek or Star Wars may be out there – and may have even visited us as multiple witnesses to close encounters claim.
Morris is not the only Cambridge man who believes that e̳x̳t̳r̳a̳t̳e̳r̳r̳e̳s̳t̳r̳i̳a̳l̳ life would have evolved “analogous to that of a human.”
Arik Kershenbaum, a zoologist at the aforementioned British institution, wrote a complete book on the concept of e̳x̳t̳r̳a̳t̳e̳r̳r̳e̳s̳t̳r̳i̳a̳l̳ evolution.
“Because evolution is the explanatory mechanism for life everywhere, then the principles we discovered on Earth should be applicable to the rest of the universe,” Kershenbaum told Quanta magazine earlier this year.
Kershenbaum argued that while it is “tempting” to imagine a̳l̳i̳e̳n̳ races that do not have the same cultural interests as humans, such as philosophy and literature, we must remember that they did not emerge from a vacuum as advanced technological beings.
Even e̳x̳t̳r̳a̳t̳e̳r̳r̳e̳s̳t̳r̳i̳a̳l̳ life forms with higher technology than humans, Kershenbaum noted, would have “evolved from a pre-technological species.”
“If that pre-technological species went on to develop all the things we have now, it is likely that they were built on building blocks that served that social purpose, things like bonding between group members, passing on useful information and ideas. between them, “he added.
“A pre-tech a̳l̳i̳e̳n̳ c̳i̳v̳i̳l̳i̳z̳a̳t̳i̳o̳n̳ could be singing, dancing, and telling stories like the pre-tech human c̳i̳v̳i̳l̳i̳z̳a̳t̳i̳o̳n̳ did, because it has the same purpose.”
It is compelling to imagine other worlds where humanoid life forms, in Kershenbaum’s words, are “singing, dancing and telling stories” as on Earth.
And if the laws of evolution are as strong as Darwinists like Kershenbaum and Morris believe, that increases our propensity to interact and communicate with a̳l̳i̳e̳n̳s and, unfortunately, to fight against them as well.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Spaceship Moon Theory: Is The Moon An Artificial Alien Satellite
Spaceship Moon Theory: Is The Moon An Artificial Alien Satellite
Over the years, it has been scientifically observed that the Earth’s Moon holds some strange characteristics.
The Moon is the 5th largest natural satellite in the Solar System. It is believed to have been created by a giant impact between the young Earth and a Mars-sized body.
After examination, it has been noted that the Moon is apparently in the wrong orbit for its size, according to its current assumed density. Astronomy data indicates that the internal regions of the Moon are less dense than the outer, giving rise to the inevitable speculation that it could be hollow.
Speculative cutaway model of a Spaceship Moon
Some of these claims come from the fact that when meteors strike the Moon, it rings like a bell. More specifically, when the Apollo crew, on November 20, 1969, released the lunar module, after returning to the orbiter, the module impact with the Moon caused their seismic equipment to register a continuous reverberation like a bell for more than an hour.
In July of 1970, members of the then Soviet Academy of Sciences, Michael Vasin and Alexander Shcherbakov, proposed the Spaceship Moon Theory.
The pseudoscientific theory claims that the Earth’s moon may actually be an alien spacecraft. Vasin and Shcherbakov’s thesis was that the Moon is a hollowed-out planetoid created by unknown beings with technology far superior to any on Earth.
Huge machines would have been used to melt rock and form large cavities within the Moon. The Moon would, therefore, consist of a hull-like inner shell and an outer shell made from metallic rocky slag.
The “Spaceship Moon” was then placed into orbit around the Earth. Proponents of this theory point to the increased reports and pictures of UFOs taken by NASA on their missions to the moon.
The moon has tens of thousands of craters of various sizes covering the surface; however, all of the craters have the same depth. This suggests to scientists that there may be some sort of metallic barrier underneath the surface protecting it from damage.
It has been found that asteroids and meteors not only create shallow craters on the Moon’s surface, but produce a convex floor to the crater instead of concave as expected, supporting the idea of a rigid shell.
The moon is far older than previously expected, maybe even older than the Earth or the Sun. The oldest age for the Earth is estimated to be 4.6 billion years old, while Moon rocks were dated at 5.3 billion years.
The chemical composition of the dust upon which the rocks sit is remarkably different from the rocks themselves. This indicates that the lunar surface may have been moved from somewhere else and placed on the Moon.
Some of the Moon’s craters originated internally, yet there is no indication that the Moon was ever hot enough to produce volcanic eruptions. Hundreds of moonquakes are recorded each year that cannot be attributed to meteor strikes. Some of the quakes seem to follow a specific schedule.
The moon’s crust is much harder than originally presumed. When NASA was recorded drilling down a few inches into the Moon’s surface, it appeared that metal shavings were visible.
Earth’s moon is the only natural satellite in the Solar System that has a stationary, near-perfect circular orbit. How does one explain the coincidence that the moon is just the right distance, coupled with just the right diameter, to completely cover the sun during an eclipse?
Professional astronomers have been gradually discouraged from investigating a phenomenon that has been reported on the Moon for 1,000 years. It is short-lived light, color, or other changes in the appearance of the lunar surface, referred to as Transient Lunar Phenomena.
The moon is also known to contain a unique combination of metals. According to Ancient Code, it includes traces of metals that are not naturally occurring, such as brass. The amount of titanium that is found on the moon is also 10 times what is found on Earth. Scientists call this ratio “mind-blowing.”
The mysteries of the moon and the universe are far from being solved and the possibilities of what lies beyond our earth’s atmosphere may not be discovered in our lifetime.
The facts and theories that define the universe are malleable with every new thought, technological advancement and scientific discovery. It’s just a matter of what’s next.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
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