When most of us get the urge to watch some violence and explosions on a grand scale, we head to the nearest cinema for the latest action thriller. When astronomers get that urge, they head to the nearest space telescope and look for the latest tidal disruption event (TDE). This don’t happen nearly as often as Vin Diesel flicks, but astronomers assure us that watching black holes consume stars that dare to violate their space is much more satisfying. This only happens about once every 10,000 to 100,000 years in a galaxy the size of the Milky Way and they’ve managed to see about 40 of them. However, they’ve never seen one like ASASSN-19bt, which they recently watched shred a star into solar spaghetti strands before twirling it on a cosmic fork and slurping it down. (Note to self – never write while hungry.)

Before we go any further, let’s address the obvious — ASASSN-19bt would be a great name for a killer movie robot, the Tidal Disruptions would make a great name for a band and the Tidal Disruption Event would be a super name for a monster truck rally on a beach.

ASASSN-19bt (Credit: NASA)

Back to ASASSN-19bt. Its discovery was an accident by astronomers from Carnegie Observatories using NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and a worldwide network of robotic telescopes headquartered at The Ohio State University called ASAS-SN (All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae).

“We’ve been closely monitoring the regions of the sky where TESS is observing with our ASAS-SN telescopes, but we were very lucky with this event in that the patch of the sky where TESS is continuously observing is small, and in that this happened to be one of the brightest TDEs we’ve seen. Due to the quick ASAS-SN discovery and the incredible TESS data, we were able to see this TDE much earlier than we’ve seen others — it gives us some new insight into how TDEs form.”

Patrick Vallely, National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow at Ohio State and co-author of the paper on the discovery published this week in The Astrophysical Journal, described the lucky discovery in an OSU press release. Chris Kochanek, a professor of astronomy at OSU, explains the odds of finding a TDE, which can only occur if the black hole is extremely close to a star — about the distance from Earth to the Sun.

“Imagine that you are standing on top of a skyscraper downtown, and you drop a marble off the top, and you are trying to get it to go down a hole in a manhole cover. It’s harder than that.”

The key, according to Thomas Holoien in the press release by Carnegie Observatories, was to look for the telltale cosmic burp of bright light that a black hole belches as it consumes its plate of solar spaghetti.

“Only a handful of TDEs have been discovered before they reached peak brightness and this one was found just a few days after it started to brighten; plus, thanks to it being in what’s called TESS’ ‘Continuous Viewing Zone,’ we have observations of it every 30 minutes going back months—more than ever before possible for one of these events. This makes ASASSN-19bt the new poster child for TDE research.”

The “new poster child for TDE research.” What an honor … at least among astronomers. Actually, it’s well-deserved because of ASASSN-19bt’s unusual characteristics. Its home galaxy (2MASX J07001137-6602251, located around 375 million light-years away in the constellation Volans) is younger and more dust-filled than has previously been observed for other TDE events and its growth to extreme brightness was very smooth – unlike the choppiness of non-TDE cosmic events. While the black hole today weighs around 6 million times our sun’s mass, when it was a star it was about the same size as the Sun.

Ladies and gentlemen! Let’s hears some noise for the Tidal Disruptions!

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

01-10-2019 om 22:02 geschreven door peter  

Zombies and Diamond Planets: PSR J1719-1438b

Strange matter is, well, strange. And terrifying. It’s a type of quark matter (matter at such extreme conditions that the normal rules break down) that could theoretically act like a combination of Kurt Vonnegut’s ice-nine and the nanobot “gray goo” apocalypse scenario. Strange matter is a hyper-dense type of matter that does one thing: turn everything it touches into strange matter. Under the right conditions.  Scientists have created strange matter in particle accelerators but the lab-grown strange matter quickly decays with no threat to us or the planet. Yet. But research has suggested that strange matter may be able to exist in a stable state inside the hyper-dense, hyper-weird interiors of neutron stars, and new research suggests that there may be entire star systems composed entirely of strange matter.

Research suggests that neutron stars may be so dense that the neutrons they’re made of could break down into a soup of quarks (the constituent parts of sub-atomic particles). It’s theorized that at the center of these weirdos, the pressure may cause half of the “down-quarks”  to convert into strange-quarks (hey, I didn’t make up these names) which, in turn instantly convert the entire neutron star into a strange soup. Further it’s believed that these strange quark stars could periodically spit out a clump of strange matter that, if pulled into the gravity of another neutron star in a binary star system, would change that entire neutron star into a strange quark star in just one millisecond.

As if neutron stars couldn’t get any weirder. Now they say neutron stars can be quite literally “strange.”

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Scientists in China have recently detected multiple candidates they say might be potential “strange planets” orbiting pulsars (an even weirder type of rapidly spinning neutron star). Normal planets have a density no more than 1,870 lbs. per cubic foot, while strange planets would have an average density of 25 million billion lbs. per cubic foot. Million billion, that’s right. So heavy it makes you sound like a babbling infant. These extreme densities would make it so strange planets could come close enough to the pulsar they orbit around to nearly skim the surface without being ripped apart by the pulsar’s extreme gravity.

It’s this characteristic that the scientists used to identify these potential strange planets. A series of potential candidates were found orbiting their stars much closer, and in two cases slower, than they should be able to if they were normal exoplanets.

Another series of potential strange planets were found orbiting what may be “strange quark dwarf stars”, which are the strange-matter-assimilated versions of white dwarf stars, stars that have burned out most of their fuel and collapsed into compact, white-hot retirement.

In the end, isn’t it all just a strange soup?

But until they can measure potential gravity wave emissions from these strange planet candidates, researchers say that there’s a chance they may just be looking at other white dwarf stars. It seems unlikely, though, as white dwarfs range from 150 to 1,200 times the mass of Jupiter, and these potential strange planets all have less than 10 Jupiter masses.

To know for sure, the scientists propose using the ongoing Advanced LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) project and the future Einstein Telescope to measure their gravitational waves. Anything as dense as strange planets would be would cause rippling warps in the space-time continuum that should be able to be detected. Until then though we’ll probably continue to try making strange matter in the Large Hadron Collider and hope we don’t all turn into strange soup.

Older Than the Entire Universe? HD 140283

The Speed Demon: HE 0437-5439

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

01-10-2019 om 19:02 geschreven door peter  

A gigantic planet that “shouldn’t exist” is baffling scientists. Located 31 light-years away from Earth is a large gas planet called GJ 3512b. What’s so strange about the planet is that it’s approximately half the size of Jupiter and it orbits a star that’s eight times smaller than our own Sun.

Planets that huge are already quite rare, but to orbit such a small star makes this planet an even bigger mystery. In fact, it’s so large that it couldn’t have been born the same way that other planets form. Scientists from Switzerland, Spain, and Germany are left completely baffled as to how GJ 3512b was formed and could ultimately cause astronomers to re-evaluate how all planets are born.

Professor Christoph Mordasini, who is a scientist at the University of Bern, explained, “Around such stars there should only be planets the size of the Earth or somewhat more massive Super-Earths,” adding, “GJ 3512b, however, is a giant planet with a mass about half as big as Jupiter’s.”

GJ 3512b is around half the size of Jupiter.

The planet, which is made up of gas and dust, was discovered by space scientists who were using a telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory in the southern part of Spain. It orbits its tiny red dwarf star every 204 days.

Ordinarily, planets form when rocks and dust combine together by a star’s gravitational pull. The planets continue to grow until they are big enough to retain their own atmospheric gas. However, studies conducted by the scientific team indicate that GJ 3512b couldn’t have been born in that manner because its star is way too small to have the gravitational pull that would have been required for the planet to form.

The team said that after a disc of rock and dust that was orbiting the star had “collapsed under its own gravity”, that’s probably when the planet began forming. It was previously thought that the type of planet formation called gravitational instability had been a rare occurrence, but scientists now think that it’s actually not that uncommon. You can read their entire study in the journal Science.

Artist’s version of a gas exoplanet.

Juan Carlos Morales, who is an astronomer at the Autonomous University of Barcelona, and was involved with the discovery, told New Scientist, “This is the first time that we have a clear detection of a planet where the only possible way to explain it is gravitational instability.”

With more than 4,000 exoplanets discovered so far, it’s very likely that scientists will find more unusual planets like GJ 3512b.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

01-10-2019 om 18:39 geschreven door peter  

Secret Space Program, E.T. Alien Control & Mass Hypnosis via Dr. Michael Salla

Dr. MICHAEL SALLA, Author, Lecturer and founder of the Exopolitics Institute and the Exopolitics Journal is the guest on this compelling, eye-opening and fascinating edition of AGE OF TRUTH TV, interviewed by Lucas Alexander. 2 hour and 35 minutes of mind-blowing and extraordinary alternative information about our world, the inner world and other worlds – the secret agendas on planet Earth and all over the universe. Dr. Michael Salla is sharing an incredible amount of information from his perspective, as a legendary UFO researcher and founder of Exopolitics, when going into numerous controversial topics during this interview.

SELECTED TOPICS DISCUSSED:

- The Secret Space Program – UFO´s & THE ALIEN AGENDA – Intergalactic Extra-Terrestrial races and species – DRACONIAN REPTILIAN OVERLORDS and the ARCHONS – Greys, Mantis beings, Tall Whites, Nordics, Pleiadians, Andromeans, A.I. Aliens + m.m. – The Anunnaki – Zechariah Sitchin and Erich von Dâniken. – New World Order control agenda. – The ILLUMINATI. – Satanism and Satanic blood rituals. – STORM AREA 51 (what is going on ar Area 51?). Military underground bases. – Hybrids and Clones. Grey genetical modifcation. – Atlantis and Lemuria. – Nikola Tesla meeting with aliens. – Internal fighting between UFOlogists and researchers? Why? – Is COREY GOODE´S story real? – The BILLY MEIER pictures/story! Real or fake? – The BOB LAZAR story? Who is he? – JOHN LEAR! – DAVID ICKE and the shapeshifting royal family. – MJ 12 (Majestic 12). – INNER EARTH CIVILISATIONS (Hollow Earth and advanced beings inside the planet). – Was Admiral Birds experiences true or false?

- The Cold War charade. – Climate Change. – THE 5G A.I. MIND CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION. – MARS COLONIES (Mars civilisation). – Donald Trump offering to buy Greenland from Denmark (Greenland military bases). – Reptilian brain and DNA in humans. – Shapeshifting aliens. – Mind Control MK Ultra brainwashing and MASS HYPNOSIS. – Remote Viewing & Psychic Intelligence. – Exoarcheology and Ancient Civilisation. – Roswell 1947 UFO crash and REVERSE ENGINEERING. – The “dangers” of channelling.

…………….all this and MUCH MORE on this edition of AGE OF TRUTH TV with Dr. Michael Salla in conversation with AOT TV investigative reporter Lucas Alexander. Salla joining the show from Hawaii. Filmed on the 24th September 2019.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

01-10-2019 om 18:18 geschreven door peter  

Ancient Buildings On Mercury In Wikipedia Website, UFO Sighting News.

Date of discovery: Oct 1, 2019
Location of discovery: Caloris Planitia, Mercury
Source: 

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloris_Planitia
  

I was searching through some photos on Wikipedia and found some interesting buildings in a Mercury photo. There are dozens of craters in the one photo and over half have something at its center that look like buildings. Now we don't know what structure types that aliens would design their buildings to look like, but I assume they are they kinds of objects that stand out. Much like these in the video I made. Please check it out to see more alien bases in craters in this Wiki photo. 
Scott C. Waring 

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

01-10-2019 om 12:17 geschreven door peter  

Elon Musk says that he doesn’t believe alien life exists, not on Earth and even not in the entire galaxy. He made the bold claim on stage on Saturday night while unveiling his Starship rocket prototype Mark-1 in Texas.

SpaceX's Starship and Super Heavy launch vehicle is a fully, rapidly reusable transportation system designed to carry both crew and cargo to Earth orbit, the Moon, Mars, and anywhere else in the solar system.

“Man, I’m pretty sure I’d know if there were aliens. I’ve not seen any signs of aliens but there might be other life, but we’ve seen no signs of it and as far as we know, we are the only consciousness or the only life that’s out there", Musk said.

Many people did not believe his statement that extraterrestrial life would not exist throughout the galaxy and branded him a "liar" for his dismissal, reports RT.

Elon Musk starts talking about extrateerestrial life at the 37,28 mark in the next video.

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

01-10-2019 om 12:00 geschreven door peter  

What life might be like in alien oceans

By Mico Tatalovic

Recent discoveries have led astrobiologists to think that moons are the most promising places for alien life to exist in our Solar System. And now several major space missions are being planned over the next decade to search for hints of life there.

Unlike our neighbouring planets, some of the moons have plenty of liquid water. Jupiter’s moon, Europa, for example, is thought to contain more liquid water than all of Earth's oceans combined. This water – and any life in it – is protected from space radiation and asteroid impacts by a thick layer of kilometers-deep surface ice.

The discovery of plumes of water shooting up from Saturn’s moon Enceladus and Europa have suggested they could have warm interiors that can support liquid oceans, heated not by the Sun, but by an internal dynamo powered by radioactive decay in their cores or by tidal heating generated by the gravitational attraction of the planets that they orbit.

You might also like:

• What if aliens are AI?
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There is now evidence for water oceans on several moons, including Europa, Enceladus, Callisto and Ganymede. One study published this June estimates that the Enceladus ocean is around one billion years old. Others have suggested it may be billions of years old – plenty of time for life to evolve.

These oceans are thought to be salty, containing sodium chloride, like Earth’s oceans, which is another boost for the prospects of Earth-like life.

Also, there is likely to be an interface between the liquid water and the rocky mantle below the oceans – key ingredients for interesting chemistry that scientists think led to the origins of life on Earth. Nasa’s Cassini mission, for example, detected molecules in Enceladus’ water plumes that hint at the existence of hydrothermal vents on the moon’s ocean floor.

Our visions of alien ocean life may be too informed by some of the strange lifeforms that inhabit our own planet

(Credit: Getty Images)

Similar vents exist in the deep oceans of the Earth, where magma meets salt water and provides heat, chemicals and a substrate helpful for the complex chemistry some scientists think was needed for life to first evolve on our planet. Deep below the surface of Earth’s ocean, there is practically no sunlight, as would be the case for oceans of Jupiter and Saturn’s moons. But that doesn’t mean there is no life. Indeed, on Earth, such vents are teeming with life.

Some 20 years ago Natural History of an Alien, a BBC documentary, suggested that entire ecosystems could also be based around deep-sea thermal vents on Europa. A team of scientists suggested that bacteria would form the base of the food chain, using chemosynthesis to extract energy from the vents, and building tall tubes of deposits rising many miles above the ocean floor.

Even on Earth, for some 90% of our planet’s history the only life that existed here was microbial

Other creatures, such as fish-like grazers would pierce those tubes to suck in large amounts of bacteria to feed on. They would be territorial, defending their grazing patches against rivals. And, in turn, they would be preyed upon by shark-like animals, streamlined for speed, using echolocation to detect their prey.

This is much more advanced than what most scientists expect to find there.

Even on Earth, for some 90% of our planet’s history, the only life that existed here was microbial, says Andrew Knoll, a professor of earth and planetary sciences at Harvard University. So, if there is life in space, chances are it’s going to be microbial, Knoll says, and in places like Europa or Enceladus it would have to rely entirely on chemosynthesis for energy, so could probably only support a small biomass.

Plumes of water have been pictured shooting up from the surface of Saturn's moon Enceladus

(Credit: Getty Images)

But such an ecosystem might still be possible, says Dimitar Sasselov, an astronomy professor and director of the Harvard Origins of Life Initiative, a centre supporting multi-disciplinary research to discover whether life is abundant in the universe. Just because Europa’s ocean is cold and lacking in energy, doesn’t necessarily rule out complex ecosystems of a smaller size evolving there.

“Speculating is fun,” Sasselov says. “My gut feeling is that there is a lot of evolutionary innovation space possible there where you can have something which is small and yet predatory and is a multicellular organism rather than just a single cell.”

Another moon we’re planning to visit presents a whole different puzzle.

If there is life, it would rely on methane, not water, and would be exotic – life as we don’t know it

Saturn’s moon, Titan, is the only world beyond Earth known to have stable bodies of liquid on its surface. When the Huygens probe from the Cassini mission landed there in 2005, it sent back pictures of an Earth-like landscape: river beds and seas.

But rather than water, the clouds, rain and seas of Titan are made up of liquid methane and ethane, components of natural gas on Earth. Any water that does exist there is solidified into rocks and mountains because its surface temperature is around -180C (-292F).

This means that, while its landscape might look familiar, the actual conditions are totally alien. If there is life, it would rely on methane, not water, and would be exotic – life as we don’t know it. True aliens.

It is possible and plausible that life exists on Titan, but with a “completely different, independent biochemistry”, says Sasselov, whose long-term goal is to figure out if there is an alternative biochemistry and how to create it in the lab.

The life which swarms around deep sea vents on Earth may be a clue as to what life may look like at the bottom of alien seas.

(Credit: Getty Images)

Life on Earth depends on cell membranes made of phospholipids: molecular chains with phosphorus-oxygen heads and carbon-chain tails that bind to each other to form a flexible membrane in water.

Methane-based life would need an alternative way to form cells.

A Cornell University team led by chemical engineer Paulette Clancy showed in 2015 that small molecules made from nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen could build cells fit to survive in Titan’s conditions.

Since then, Nasa researchers have confirmed the presence of vinyl cyanide in Titan’s atmosphere, an organic compound that could provide such cellular membranes. So, at least in theory, cells that could form a very different life in Titan’s vast methane oceans could physically exist there.

We really don’t know what are the limits of life - David Charbonneau

“In some respects, what we see here on Earth is a matter of chance,” says Theresa Fisher, astrobiologist at Arizona State University, US. There’s an “enormous amount of potential variety” that we could see in life on other worlds, she says.

"There might emerge a fluorescence of new and very diverse organisms occupying a range of new niches,” adds Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, a professor emerita in anthropology at the University of California, Davis. "Assuming any of these creatures evolve to be as social, intelligent and communicative as say cetaceans or elephants, and as manipulative, dexterous and clever as chimpanzees or orangutans, I see no reason why they could not eventually evolve more sophisticated technological and cultural capacities.”

Lauren Sallan, a palaeontologist at the University of Pennsylvania, thinks alien life will be microbial – and there’re only so many ways to be a microbe.

As far as multicellular aliens are concerned, she says, things may get more complicated. “We would recognise that they’re doing the same kind of jobs because everything is focused on either taking in energy or consuming things to get energy,” she says. “But the way that they go about it would be pretty unpredictable.”

If life does exist in the oceans of moons such as Europa, it will likely be microbial and have to rely on chemosynthesis to provide energy.

(Credit: Getty Images)

“We really don’t know what are the limits of life,” says David Charbonneau, professor of astronomy at Harvard University, who adds that this is why we need to send more probes to examine the moons.

So, it’s good news that there are plans to do just that.

Nasa announced this summer that its Dragonfly mission will launch in 2026 and arrive on Titan in 2034. It will land a drone-like craft to explore dozens of promising locations and look for signs of life.

Nasa is also exploring the possibility of sending an autonomous submarine to study Titan’s largest northern sea, Kraken Mare, which is some 1,000 km (621 miles) wide, with depths estimated at 300m (1,000ft), similar in size to North America’s Great Lakes. This would be the first opportunity to explore a sea on another world, and it could inform the design of future submarines to explore the subsurface waters of Europa and other moons. The mission is still in its conceptual stage, some 20 years away, with scientists and engineers starting to investigate how to even build such a submarine.

But to really figure out what life might exist in these alien oceans, we will need to send a submersible

Intriguingly, Titan is also thought to have a liquid ocean of water deep beneath its icy outer layer, which would mean that in addition to its exotic surface life based on liquid methane, there could exist more Earth-like life under its surface.

Another possibility for layers of different types of life on a single world is Ganymede, Jupiter’s moon. Some scientists think this moon has several different layers of ocean, separated by different types of ice that form at different depths and pressures. If this is the case, each layer could, in theory, host different lifeforms adapted to local conditions at that depth.

Ganymede is set for a visit by the European Space Agency’s 2022 Juice mission, which will also visit two of Jupiter’s other moons – Callisto and Europa – to study their habitability and look for signatures of life.

Meanwhile, Nasa’s Europa Clipper is planning to orbit Jupiter and fly past Europa multiple times to investigate whether it could harbour conditions suitable for life, with a take-off date of 2023. Nasa is also discussing sending a lander to Europa, as early as 2025.

Saturn's moons may be freezing cold, but there is still liquid water under the thick expanses of ice

(Credit: Getty Images)

And, there is a private, Nasa-backed plan for a mission to Enceladus to look for life there that could take off in 2025 if it gets the green light later this year.

But to really figure out what life might exist in these alien oceans, we will need to send a submersible, which will be tricky as such a vehicle would have to drill through several kilometres of ice to even reach the ocean. Nasa is funding some conceptual studies on how to do that.

It’s also possible there simply isn’t any life there yet

One concept, for a nuclear-powered “tunnelbot” to search for life on Europa, was presented at a 2018 meeting of the American Geophysical Union in Washington DC, by scientists at the University of Illinois at Chicago and Nasa. Their bot would sample ice and water as it descended, sending information back to the surface through a fibre optic cable.

But, if lifeforms there turn out to be truly alien, we might struggle to detect them. It’s also possible there simply isn’t any life there yet.

In the distant future, though, some five billion years from now, when our Sun runs out of hydrogen fuel and starts expanding into a red giant phase before it eventually dies, it will melt the ice on these moons and turn them into much more Earth-like places. There should be liquid water on their surface and more temperate climates, perhaps opening up the possibility of life evolving there then – or at least harbouring refugees from the scorched Earth.

In the distant future, if we are to survive, we will all have to become migrants and hope these newly habitable worlds welcome us as our own world gets too hot for life.

{ https://www.bbc.com/ }

01-10-2019 om 01:49 geschreven door peter  

Machu Picchu was built by the Inca civilisation on tectonic fault lines 'because it provided vast amounts of rocks ideal for construction'

• A geologist studied the faults and fractures that underlie the famous Inca site
• The citadel was built at the intersection of crisscrossing tectonic features
• Rocks here would have been easier to work and turn into building materials
• The fracture network may also have provided freshwater and storm drainage

By IAN RANDALL FOR MAILONLINE

The Incan civilisation built their mountain-topping citadel of Machu Picchu on the intersections of tectonic fault lines deliberately, a researcher has argued.

The setting of the 569-year-old city would have provided an abundance of easy-to-work building stone that was predisposed to fracturing in the direction of the faults.

Additionally, the fault network likely provided a source of water, channelling both fresh- and meltwater to the site and draining away rain during storms.

The finding helps to explain why the Incan city was built in such an inaccessible location — atop a ridge above a river canyon high in the Peruvian Andes.

A number of other Incan settlements are also built atop of the intersection of tectonic faults on the Earth's surface, the researcher added.

Scroll down for video

The Incan civilisation built their mountain-topping citadel of Machu Picchu on the intersections of tectonic fault lines deliberately, a researcher has argued 

He found that these tectonic features come in various sizes at the site — ranging from tiny fractures visible in individual blocks of rock to massive-scale faults.

The latter reach up to 109 miles (175 kilometres) in length and have determined the layout of some of the river valleys that cross the region around the Incan citadel.

Some of the faults were created by the tectonic activity which lifted up the Central Andes Mountains across the last eight million years.

Dr Menegat found that these features appear in several sets — with some running in a northeast–southwest direction and others northwest–southeast.  

Together, these lines intersect beneath Machu Picchu, creating an 'X' shape. 

Dr Menegat also found that the citadel's urban sectors, individuals buildings, stair and surrounding agricultural fields were also all aligned with these major faults. 

'The layout clearly reflects the fracture matrix underlying the site,' said Dr Menegat, who added that other Incan cities are also built on the intersection of faults.

These include Cusco, Ollantaytambo and Pisac.

'Each is precisely the expression of the main directions of the site's geological faults,' he added.

Furthermore, Dr Menegat believes that the underlying network of faults and fractures were integral to the construction of Machu Picchu itself.

'The intense fracturing there predisposed the rocks to breaking along these same planes of weakness, which greatly reduced the energy needed to carve them.'

Dr Menegat found that these features appear in several sets — with some running in a northeast–southwest direction and others northwest–southeast. Together, these lines intersect beneath Machu Picchu, creating an 'X' shape

'The layout clearly reflects the fracture matrix underlying the site,' said Dr Menegat, who added that other Incan cities are also built on the intersection of faults

Incan stonework is legendary — the blocks were put together without mortar so perfectly that it is impossible to even slide a credit card between them. Pictured, a wall in Ollantaytambo

The Incas would have taken advantage of this abundance of easily workable building materials, Menegat said.

Machu Picchu's stonework is legendary — the blocks were put together without mortar so perfectly that it is impossible to even slide a credit card between them.

'Machu Picchu's location is not a coincidence,' said Dr Menegat.

'It would be impossible to build such a site in the high mountains if the substrate was not fractured.'

The web of faults beneath Machu Picchu likely furnished the Incan people with other benefits as well, Dr Menegat said — with a water supply being the most beneficial.

'The area's tectonic faults channelled meltwater and rainwater straight to the site,' he added.

Furthermore, Dr Menegat believes that the underlying network of faults and fractures were integral to the construction of Machu Picchu itself

The setting of the 569-year-old city would have provided an abundance of easy-to-work building stone that was predisposed to fracturing in the direction of the faults

Another advantage in building at the Machu Picchu site would have come from how the citadel's high perch effectively isolated it from avalanches and landslides.

These, Dr Menegat explained, are common hazards in this alpine setting.

Alongside this, the fractures beneath the citadel would have helped to drain the settlement during the intense rainstorms which frequently hit the region.

'About two-thirds of the effort to build the sanctuary involved constructing subsurface drainage,' said Dr Menegat. 

'The preexisting fractures aided this process and help account for its remarkable preservation.' 

'Machu Picchu clearly shows us that the Incan civilisation was an empire of fractured rocks.'

The full findings of the study were presented on September 23 during the 2019 annual meeting of the Geological Society of America held in Phoenix, Arizona.

The finding helps to explain why the Incan city was built in such an inaccessible location — atop a ridge above a river canyon high in the Peruvian Andes

Read more:

• Abstract: HOW INCAS USED GEOLOGICAL FAULTS TO THEIR SETTLEMENTS (GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019)

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

01-10-2019 om 01:16 geschreven door peter  

LINDA MOULTON HOWE : 34 MILLION YEAR OLD STRUCTURE DISCOVERED 2 MILES UNDER ANTARCTICA

Linda Moulton Howe has been working for two years with an eyewitness who saw something incredible in Antarctica, namely huge structures deep under Antarctic ice.

Only part of the structure has been uncovered so far by archeological teams, with the rest buried under the ice and extending far below.

Ground penetrating radar had shown the structure to be an Octagon in shape, and covering an area of 62 acres.

Source: UAMN TV

{ https://www.sightings.info/ }

01-10-2019 om 00:47 geschreven door peter  

Archaeologists claim 'Swiss Stonehenge' discovered under Lake Constance is a man-made Neolithic monument built 5,500 years ago

• The stones — or cairns — have been discovered as part of an ongoing research project at lake Constance  
• It involved a boat equipped with a digger designed to shift sediment around the vast rocks 
• Now researchers have preliminary claimed that they are up to 100 inches wide and 5,500 years old 
• Further analysis is needed in order to understand how the allegedly man-made rocks made it to their location

By JOE PINKSTONE FOR MAILONLINE 

Archaeologists claim that a range of mysterious man-made stones submerged beneath the surface of an European lake are 5,000 years old.

Local media reports that the so-called 'Swiss Stonehenge' sits 15feet down at the bottom of Lake Constance and is a Neolithic relic, with stones ranging in size up to around 100 inches wide.  

The man-made piles of stones were found on the Swiss side of the lake, a 207-square-mile body of water on the borders of Switzerland, Germany and Austria.

Each stone was located at regular intervals running completely parallel to the Swiss shoreline.

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Archaeologists claim that a range of mysterious man-made stones submerged beneath the surface of an European lake are 5,000 years old (pictured)

Local media reports that the so-called 'Swiss Stonehenge' (pictured) sits 15feet down at the bottom of Lake Constance and is a Neolithic relic, with stones ranging in size up to around 100 inches wide

A ship equipped with a digger with a 15-metre-long arm removed material alongside the stones to reveal them for study.  

Analysis of how they were placed shows they were put down by humans and not by nature, archaeologists claim.  

Using underwater georadar developed by the Technical University of Darmstadt in Germany, the team of scientists managed to study the lake's sediment and stone deposits in search of the origin and purpose of the formations.

The Archaeology Office wrote: 'With high-frequency electromagnetic pulses, the hidden layer of the lake bed in the vicinity of the stone structures was recorded.'

'It is obvious that the stones of up to 40 centimetres in size rest on the post-glacial, banded lake deposits and clearly above the underlying upper edge of the moraine [a glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris].

'Thus, it is now scientifically proven that the cairns did not originate naturally from the glacier, but were piled up by human hands.'

The man-made piles of stones were found on the Swiss side of Lake Constance, a 207-square-mile lake on the borders of Switzerland, Germany and Austria and work is ongoing to learn more about them 

Each stone was located at regular intervals running completely parallel to the Swiss shoreline at a depth of about 15 feet

Analysis of how the rocks (pictured) were placed shows they were placed there by humans and not by nature, archaeologists claim

A spokesman at the Archaeology Office of the Swiss Canton of Thurgau described the findings as 'sensational' after carrying out extensive excavations on the lake bed

The spokesman added: 'The first results produced using carbon dating show that the stones in area 5 were placed there around 5,500 years ago in the Neolithic period.'

In the following months, further investigations will be carried out with the hope of discovering more about the artefacts, which will be analysed by an international team of researchers.

Initially, it was unclear whether the stones were natural formations from the remnants of a glacier which was located in the area 18,000 years ago.

The researchers had originally suspected that the formations were from the Bronze Age dating back to around 1000 BC.

Pictured@ : A piece of Poplar wood retrieved by the divers which may have been used as part of the construction or excavation of the rocks. Experts have confirmed these mysterious piles of stones - compared to an underwater Stonehenge - found at the bottom of Lake Constance are much older than previously thought

Using underwater georadar tech (pictured) developed by the Technical University of Darmstadt in Germany, the team of scientists managed to study the lake's sediment and stone deposits in search of the origin and purpose of the formations

Pictured: The research team on Lake Constance where the Neolithic rocks have been discovered. Experts have confirmed these mysterious piles of stones on the bottom of Lake Constance which have been compared to an 'underwater Stonehenge' were man-made

Currently, there are various theories about the purpose of the stones, such as that they served as weirs, burial mounds or signposted transportation routes.

Urs Leuzinger, a researcher on the project, estimates that at the time of construction, the cairns were located along the shoreline or even in shallow water.

He said: 'I've never really experienced anything like this. Whenever we dig something up, we usually know what it's all about.'

He said that his team 'has no intention to compete with the original Stonehenge', saying that the moniker had been 'chosen by German media' and not by archaeologists. 

However, he said that there are some similarities with the Wiltshire monument as it required an equally impressive feat by prehistoric humans to transport such stones.

Dr Leuzinger said: 'After all, our 170 cairns of 500 cubic metres of stones each does bring quite a decent amount to the shores of Lake Constance.'

The cairns were first discovered in 2015 by the Institute for Lake Research in the town of Langenargen in the south-western German state of Baden-Wuerttemberg.

It is thought they would have been near to a settlement of lake dwellings which are much deeper under water perhaps close to what was once a prehistoric shoreline and are yet to be discovered, according to the Thurgau Office for Archaeology.

But they added: 'It may also be the case that the lake dwellings have already eroded away due to the erosion over the years.'

Divers investigating the site have been finding out more about the rocks, including their age.Currently, there are various theories about the purpose of the stones, such as that they served as weirs, burial mounds or signposted transportation routes

A ship equipped with a digger with a 15-metre-long arm removed material alongside the stones and revealed the stones (pictured)

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

01-10-2019 om 00:00 geschreven door peter  

{ https://futurism.com/the-byte }

30-09-2019 om 23:43 geschreven door peter  

Snake-like UFO returns to California as YouTuber films strange object on horizon

EXCLUSIVE: The man claims to have never seen anything like the object before, but similar UFOs have been spotted across the US in recent months

By Simon Green Video News Editor

A snake-like UFO that has been seen across the US appears to have finally returned to the spot of its first sighting.

The mysterious object was first spotted way back in June when a YouTuber discovered a bright light above the Mojave Desert in California.

Since then, footage of the UFOs have emerged in Wyoming, New York and Washington.

The videos have become so regular, in fact, that a former police detective told Daily Star Online the US government could be silently monitoring them.

And now, a clip has surfaced seemingly showing the snake-like UFO reappearing over the Mojave Desert.

The footage, taken by a YouTuber who wants to remain anonymous, shows a long black object slowly moving along the horizon.

He notes in the clip that it is “slowly moving from left to right while tilting occasionally”.

“It’s elongated and cigar-shaped,” he continues.

“It is not a blimp, or big and fat and round.

The cameraman has since spoken to Daily Star Online about the bizarre sight.

“I have no idea what it could be,” he said.

“One follower suggested it could be an unmanned drone, but I couldn't verify that.

“I was amazed that it was happening in broad daylight. I couldn't identify it so I recorded it.”

He told this site he had “never witnessed anything like that” before but added that there was an incident three years ago where a strange bright light appeared in the sky.

“One night without a camera in hand I watched a jet chasing a silent light object,” he added.

“The lighted object was toying with the jet and the jet was on afterburners trying to keep up.

“Since that time I never go outside without my smartphone and camera handy.”

{ https://www.dailystar.co.uk/ }

30-09-2019 om 23:28 geschreven door peter  

Forget Area 51

There are way more important planetary concerns to direct your attention to

30-09-2019 om 23:10 geschreven door peter  

They Discovered Something on Mars and Phobos that Cannot Be Explained ...

The now dubbed “Phobos monolith” is a large object on the surface of Mars's moon “Phobos”. The giant structure stands 90 meters tall. Only 3 meters less than that of the Statue of Liberty Monument in New York.

First discovered by “Efrain Palermo” who noticed the distinct shadow of the anomaly while analysing images taken from the “Mars Global Surveyor orbiter” lanched in November 1996. This peculiar and solitary large rock was also confirmed by “Lan Fleming”, an imaging sub-contractor at NASA Johnson Space Center. Also Noting the possibility that the monolith is artificial in nature.

Along with the mysterious Monolith photographed on the Martian moon “Phobos”.. A similar looking structure can also be seen upon the surface of Mars...

Featuring David Childress, Billy Carson, Mike Bara and Michael Salla

[The 5th Kind]

30-09-2019 om 20:45 geschreven door peter  

30-09-2019 om 20:37 geschreven door peter  

30-09-2019 om 20:31 geschreven door peter  

January 1950 Was A Peak Month For Ufo Sightings

One of the first officially recorded sightings of the 1950 UFO wave occurred on the afternoon of 6^th January at a little after 2 pm over the town of Howard in Kansas. Three United States Air Force crew were piloting a C-47 on their way to Offut Air Force Base in Omaha, Nebraska.

They would describe the object as between 30 and 60 feet long and “shaped like a football”. They would also note how it was a “bright silver color” which would shine in the afternoon sun. It was in their sights for around two minutes, moving between 300 to 500 miles per hour at an altitude of approximately 2,000 feet.

Whether there is a connection or not, later that day at 9:45 pm over Mundy Point in Virginia, two witnesses would report seeing a strange object moving through the sky, remaining visible for around 30 seconds.

Strange Sightings Over Air Bases Across America

The following evening, at around 10:15 pm at Holloman Air Force Base in Corona, New Mexico, another bizarre sighting occurred.

 This time, several strange balls of light were seen traveling through the sky, changing color as they did so from yellow-white to a distinct orange. Bizarrely, as it approached the mountain ranges in the area it would “level off” and change color once again to a blue-green color.

Of course, this last detail would dismiss the notion that the objects were merely “falling” and were in fact under some kind of control. The lights would return on the evening of the 12^th January, once more changing direction before disappearing out of sight.

Less than 24 hours after the initial sighting over Holloman Air Force Base, on the morning of the 10^th January at a little after 10 am in Las Vegas, two civilian pilots at the Las Vegas Air Force Base – a father and son – would observe two F-80 fighter jets approaching the base as they came in to land.

However, at an altitude of around 2,000 feet, each of the witnesses would also observe a strange round balloon-like object of “pure silver” and seemingly of solid metal. They would further estimate that the object was between 25 and 30 feet across and made no noise whatsoever. Furthermore, they could see no antennas or any other external fittings of any kind. It would move calmly through the skies, seemingly uninterested in the two fighter jets, and then began to accelerate somewhat before disappearing over a nearby mountain range.

On the evening of the 11^th January at the Ohio Air National Guard at Norwood in Ohio, several members would happen to point their searchlight at a “space platform” in the night sky above the city.

The Gulf of Mexico Incident

On the evening of 12^th January, at 11:25 pm, the crew of a B-29 aircraft would notice three strange objects on their onboard radar while flying over the Gulf of Mexico.

As an example as to the speed with which these strange objects were moving, the radar screen onboard covered a 100-mile radius. The objects would clear the screen from one side to the other in no more than 20 seconds. The overall estimated speed of these bizarre, metallic and most definitely solid objects was between 2,500 and 3,000 miles per hour.

While two of the objects would eventually disappear from sight, the other would continue to follow the B-29. Even more concerning were the two near approaches from the craft before it halted and hovered only 20 miles away. It would then move back into a pursuing position.

The object would disappear after around half-an-hour. However, the plane’s radar systems would remain jammed for around ten minutes after.

Interestingly, despite the wealth of radar information, no visual sightings of the object were made by any of the crew. This, of course, leaves open the possibility, however, remote it might be, that the incident was down to radar malfunction. A chink that many skeptics will point out.

Sightings Spreading Out Into Urban Areas

Sightings would continue throughout the United States following the incident, however. For example, in Peoria in Illinois on the evening of the 14^th January, an aerial object was witnessed overhead. And while it didn’t move in a manner that would suggest it wasn’t a normal aircraft, residents would report “electromagnetic effects” as it passed.

Earlier the same day, just before 5 pm in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, several workers at the town’s nuclear facility witnessed a “fiery ball of light” hover for several moments over restricted military airspace.

Although further afield than the United States, the 15^th January brought three more reports. A saucer-shaped object was witnessed hovering and rotating just off the coast of Newfoundland in Canada. On the same afternoon at Sierra de Comechingones in Argentina, a silver cigar-shaped object emerged from nearby mountains and remained visible for several minutes.

Later that evening, back in the United States, multiple witnesses would report “several strange objects” hovering over Tacoma, Washington. The following evening in Portland, Oregon, a husband, and wife would watch a similar object for almost two hours.

During the early evening of 17^th January, just off the coast of Kauai Island in Hawaii, another silver disc-shaped object was reported hovering over the water. Then, it would shoot “straight-up” and vanish into the early evening sky. The following evening, on the other side of the United States in Summit, New Jersey, several witnesses observed a “spherical UFO” glowing a “reddish-orange” color moving slowly over the region.

On the same evening six military pilots, including Lieutenant Webb, would witness a “round reddish-white” object moving slowly through the evening sky over Denver, Colorado.

The Kodiak, Alaska Incident

In the early hours of 23^rd January 1950 at around 2:40 am, Navy Patrol pilot, Lt. Smith was guiding his plane near the Bering Sea at Kodiak, Alaska in what was a routine security flight. He would pick up an unidentified object on his radar on two separate occasions.

When he radioed the control tower at Kodiak to enquire if there were other aircraft in the area, he was informed by the operator not only wasn’t there any other craft, but the interference on the communication line was some of the worst he had witnessed.

Around 20 minutes later, on board the USS Tillamock slight to the south of Kodiak, came the first visual confirmations of the incident. One of the on-duty personnel on the deck of the vessel would report seeing a “very fast-moving red glow light”. What’s more, the object appeared to circle the Kodiak region. Another member of the crew then came to the deck and also witnessed the bizarre object for around 30 seconds. Bizarrely, no sound whatsoever came from the glowing craft.

At 4:40 am – two hours after first noticing the strange activity – Lt. Smith was still experiencing problems with his onboard systems. However, he would notice another read on the radar. One that moved so fast that it “left a trail on the screen”. When Smith notified his crew, they would witness the object visually.

It made some bizarre maneuvers in the sky and appeared to be moving somewhere in the region of 2,000 miles per hour. General descriptions of the craft were of “two orange lights rotating around a common center”.

After heading toward his plane following a sudden sharp turn, the object disappeared from sight.

NOTE: The above image is CGI.

KEN PFEIFER WORLD UFO PHOTOS AND NEWS

HTTP://WWW.WORLDUFOPHOTOS.ORG

HTTP://WWW.WORLDUFOPHOTOSANDNEWS.ORG

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THANKS TO https://www.ufoinsight.com

Source:

•  http://worldufophotosandnews.org/?p=24964

see also - The 1952 UFO Wave – A Case Study - ufoinsight.com

>> https://www.ufoinsight.com/the-1952-ufo-wave-a-case-study

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

30-09-2019 om 20:24 geschreven door peter  

On September 28, 2019 the photographer captured from an unknown location a long bright object in the sky when suddenly a flash of light illuminates the sky.

Directly after the flash the cigar-shaped object seems to have changed into a ring-shaped object.

Immediately after the flash on which the cigar-shaped object turns into a ring-shaped UFO object starts at the 1.47 mark in the video.

  

30-09-2019 om 18:01 geschreven door peter  

NASA Probes a Video Showing a UFO Rapidly Moving in a Spanish City

An interesting video that shows a UFO moving fast over the Spanish city of Alicante has reportedly attracted the attention of the primary state-run American space agency.

The footage was reportedly shot during an electrical storm that engulfed the city recently. Alejandro Molla, a local computer scientist, was the one who captured the video.

Molla reportedly suffered the bad weather, which resulted in his sleepless night. He decided to record the incredible lightning show in the sky instead. After creating some video files, he noticed he had recorded on video something mysterious rapidly moving behind the clouds.

The clip shows an apparent silver disc looping through the clouds. Spanish news outlet Agencia 6 broadcasted the controversial video and Molla claimed that NASA filed an official request for the original copies of the video to the Spanish news outlet.

NASA is now reportedly investigating the incident through the video.

Meanwhile, some UFO enthusiasts have suggested that this specific sighting is evidence of an extraterrestrial spacecraft approaching the Earth for regular recharging, using the storm’s electric energy.

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

30-09-2019 om 01:22 geschreven door peter  

According to numerous writings and oral legends of Native American tribes, a race of ‘White Giants’ existed in the distant past. Interestingly, similar accounts of Giants existing on Earth in the distant past can be found all around the world.

Image Credit

There are numerous legends among various Native American tribes, from the Comanches in the north to other tribes in the south, which speak of a mysterious race of white-skinned giants who inhabited North America thousands of years ago, before mysteriously vanishing from the face of the planet.

In his book “History of the Choctaw Indians, Chickasaw and Natchez” (1899), Horatio Bardwell Cushman writes: “The tradition of the Choctaws . . Told of a race of giants that once inhabited the now State of Tennessee, and with whom their ancestors fought when they arrived in Mississippi in their migration from the west. … Their tradition states the Nahullo ( a race of giants) was of wonderful stature.”

Cushman stated that, over time, the term “Nahullo” became common to refer to all white people, but originally, the term was used to designate a race of white giants with which the Choctaws fought after crossing the Mississippi River.

There is plenty of evidence today which suggests that Giant beings did, in fact, walk on Earth.

Interestingly, according to an account in 1857, Chief Rolling Thunder of the Comanche said:

“Innumerable moons ago, a race of white men, 10 feet high, and far more rich and powerful than any white people now living, here inhabited a large range of country, extending from the rising to the setting sun. Their fortifications crowned the summits of the mountains, protecting their populous cities situated in the intervening valleys. “They excelled every other nation which was flourished, either before or since, in all manner of cunning handicraft—were brave and warlike—ruling over the land they had wrested from its ancient owners with a high and haughty hand. Compared with them the palefaces of the present day were pygmies, in both art and arms. …” (source)

According to the Comanche chief, a Great Spirit wiped out the White Giants when they forgot all about justice and mercy, becoming too proud.

The Navajo are another ancient tribe that offers evidence of Giants walking the Earth. The Navajo speak of a rave of ‘white giants’ called the Starnake people, describing them as a “regal race of white giants endowed with mining technology who dominated the West, enslaved lesser tribes, and had strongholds all through the Americas. They were either extinguished or ‘went back to the heavens.’”

The mysterious Starnake were either extinguished or “went back to the heavens.” The name may be a corruption of the Biblical race known as Anakim (Num. 13:33, Deut. 1:28). The name Og (Hebrew “chief”) appears to be characteristic (see Zimmerman, pp. 188-91). The ogham alphabet is attributed to this cultural founder. (Source)

However, more stories of White Giants can be found in numerous other accounts of ancient North-American tribes. The Choctaw also happen to mention the mystery giants. According to the Choctaw tribe, in that, is now known as Tennesee, a race of giants dominated the land in the distant past. It is said that their ancestors fought against them when they arrived in Mississippi during their westward migration.

Interestingly the Paiutes have oral legends that speak of red-haired giants, white cannibals that stood above 10 feet in height inhabiting the Lovelock Cave, in Nevada.  Interestingly, in the past, archaeologists have discovered remains of people with red hair in the region.

In what is now modern-day Mexico, Ancient Aztec legends also happen to mention the existence of a race of giants.

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In Aztec mythology, these giants are referred to as the Quinametzin.

The ruler of the Giants was, according to some versions of the myth, the god Tlaloc. Interestingly, the Quinametzin were believed to be the builders of the city of Teotihuacan and Tlachihualtepetl. The ‘Tlaxcaltecas’ recounted that, near the time of the Spanish Conquest, they themselves had fought the last Quinametzin on Earth.

If we travel to South America, we will find that the ancient Manta people of Peru, speak of a race of giants that in the distant past, coexisted with them.

Their legend says that: “There arrived on the coast, in boats made of reeds, as big as large ships, a party of men of such size that, from the knee downwards, their height was as great as the entire height of an ordinary man, though he might be of good stature.

• Their limbs were all in proportion to the deformed size of their bodies, and it was a monstrous thing to see their heads, with hair reaching to the shoulders. Their eyes were as large as small plates.” (Source)

{ https://www.firsttoknowledge.com/ }

30-09-2019 om 00:49 geschreven door peter