Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 11 MONTHS.
ON 06/05/2024 MORE THAN 1.972.210
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
18-10-2022
Shortly Before They Collided, two Black Holes Tangled Spacetime up Into Knots
Shortly Before They Collided, two Black Holes Tangled Spacetime up Into Knots
In February 2016, scientists at the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) announced the first-ever detection of gravitational waves (GWs). Originally predicted by Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity, these waves are ripples in spacetime that occur whenever massive objects (like black holes and neutron stars) merge. Since then, countless GW events have been detected by observatories across the globe – to the point where they have become an almost daily occurrence. This has allowed astronomers to gain insight into some of the most extreme objects in the Universe.
In a recent study, an international team of researchers led by Cardiff University observed a binary black hole system originally detected in 2020 by the Advanced LIGO, Virgo, and Kamioki Gravitational Wave Observatory (KAGRA). In the process, the team noticed a peculiar twisting motion (aka. a precession) in the orbits of the two colliding black holes that was 10 billion times faster than what was noted with other precessing objects. This is the first time a precession has been observed with binary black holes, which confirms yet another phenomenon predicted by General Relativity (GR).
Binary black holes (BBHs) are considered a prime candidate for researching GWs since astronomers expect some will consist of precessing binaries. In this scenario, black holes will circle each other in ever-tightening orbits, generating an increasingly strong GW signal until they merge. However, no definitive evidence of orbital precession has been observed from the 84 BBH systems detected by Advanced LIGO and Virgo so far. However, the team noticed something different when examining the GW200129 event detected by LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA collaboration during its third operational run (O3).
One of the black holes in this system (~40 solar masses) is considered the fastest-spinning black hole ever detected through gravitational waves. Unlike all previous observations of BBHs, the system’s rapid rotation has such a profound effect on spacetime that the entire system wobbles back and forth. This form of precession is known as Frame Dragging (aka. the Lense–Thirring effect), an interpretation of GR where gravitational forces are so strong that they “drag” the very fabric of spacetime with them.
This same phenomenon is seen when observing Mercury’s orbit, which periodically precesses as it orbits the Sun. In short, Mercury’s path around the Sun is highly eccentric, and the most distant point in its orbit (perihelion) also moves over time, rotating about the Sun like a spinning top. These observations are one of the ways GR was tested (and confirmed) after Einstein formalized it in 1916. In general, precession in general relativity is usually such a weak effect that it is almost imperceptible. As Dr. Thompson explained in a recent Cardiff University press release:
“It’s a very tricky effect to identify. Gravitational waves are extremely weak and to detect them requires the most sensitive measurement apparatus in history. The precession is an even weaker effect buried inside the already weak signal, so we had to do a careful analysis to uncover it.”
Previously, the fastest-known example was a binary pulsar that took over 75 years for the orbit to process. In this case, the BBH known as GW200129 (observed on January 29th, 2020) processes several times a second, an effect 10 billion times as strong as the binary pulsar. Even so, confirming that the black holes in this system were precessing was a significant challenge. Said Dr. Hoy, who is now a researcher at the University of Portsmouth:
“So far, most black holes we’ve found with gravitational waves have been spinning fairly slowly. The larger black hole in this binary, which was about 40 times more massive than the Sun, was spinning almost as fast as physically possible. Our current models of how binaries form suggest this one was extremely rare, maybe a one-in-a-thousand event. Or it could be a sign that our models need to change.”
These results confirm that before black holes merge – the most extreme gravitational event astronomers have ever observed – BBHs can experience an orbital precession. It is also the latest in a long line of examples that demonstrate how GW astronomy allows astronomers to probe the laws of physics under the most extreme conditions imaginable. With a network consisting of Advanced LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA detectors in the US, Europe, and Japan, it is also one of the most vibrant fields of astronomical research.
This network is currently being upgraded to enhance its sensitivity to GW events and will commence its fourth round of observations (O4) in 2023. When this happens, it is hoped that several hundred black hole collisions will be detected and added to the GW catalog. This will allow astronomers to gain greater insight into the most extreme gravitational phenomenon in the Universe and let them know if GW200129 was an outlier or if such extreme events are a common occurrence.
Dark journalist Daniel Liszt interviews John W. Warner IV, the son of Mellon Heiress Catherine Mellon and Senator Warner of Virginia.
SECRET NAVY UFO FILE TIMELINE and the AUTEC TUAOI STONE UFO CONNECTION.
John W. Warner IV goes deep on his family connections to the The Cosmos Club known as the UFO Bilderberg. He also explains how his father, Secretary of the Navy John Warner had knowledge of Secret Navy AUTEC experiments in the HotZone to extract the Atlantean Tuaoi Stone (Also called the Fire Stone) from the Ocean Floor and classified Top Secret UFO Salvaging Operations.
AUTEC (Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center - Navys Area 51)
Since its construction in 1959 there are many strange reports of USO and UFO activity all around AUTEC. Stories of Aliens working with NAVY personnel in a deep underwater base just of the Bahamas at the tip of the Bermuda Triangle in one of the deepest trenches in the ocean.
The Atlantean Tuaoi Stone: The most prominent factor in Cayce's predictions is the Tuaoi Stone, or the Fire Crystal. It was a source of rejuvenation of the Atlanteans' bodies and a power source for their technology. Cayce's description of this six sided, cylindrical quartz and its abilities resembles that of a present day laser beam, using a type of ultraviolent light energy to power
03. Increasing mental capacity and clarity of thought
04. Science and technology
05. Dematerialization
06. Teleportation
07. Telekinesis
08. Magnetic force fields
09. Libraries
10. Storing records and other knowledge, much like a computer
11. Botany and agriculture
12. Weather Control
13. Huge crystal tower power generators
14. Communication
Crystals have the ability to transfer energy, to retain it, to maintain its intensity, to focus and transmit it over great distance to similar receivers as are equal or comparable to the transmitter. The larger stones, called Fire Crystals, were the central receiving and broadcasting stations, while others acted as receivers for individual cities, buildings, vehicles and homes.
John W. Warner IV said that clandestine intelligence structures have kept dramatic leaps in exotic ancient UFO technology behind a lethal Wall of Secrecy (X-Protect). Warner asks the question: Can the X-Technology inside the UFO File be made accessible to the world?
Check out this short but really fascinating UFO footage of a solid unidentified flying object flying across the sky above Mexico City. This happened on 16th October 2022.
Witness report:
At 19:29 hrs. I spotted something coming my way, grabbed the phone and started taping. It wasn’t making any noises neither had it any lights. Could had been a balloon, what do you think?
Don’t forget to follow us on Twitter for the latest UFO videos & photos.
On the night of December 6, 1978, a security guard named Pier Fortunato Zanfretta was found in a terror-stricken state near the country house known as Casa Nostra in Marzano of Torriglia, which is in Genoa, Italy.
Upon waking up, Zanfretta said he saw a massive alien that looked like a flabby suit. He then said he saw an alien ship that looked like a massive triangular shaped object. After a few minutes, the alien flew away. During a recurring hypnosis session, the man said he was dragged inside the alien ship and subjected to an intense examination.
An investigation by the military police, known as the Carabinieri, revealed that 52 people saw a large flying saucer in the sky that evening. They also found a three-meter-long mark in the meadow where the security guards found Zanfretta. The incident has left the people of Torriglia still thinking about the third kind.
Less Ice and Low Water Levels Reveal Hidden Treasures – At A Price
Less Ice and Low Water Levels Reveal Hidden Treasures – At A Price
For the world of archaeology, climate change is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, receding ice and falling water levels are bringing to the surface entire villages and ruins of civilizations. On the other hand, climate change is also causing erratic weather cycles, including wetter winters, and unseasonal humidity is wreaking havoc on ancient artifacts, causing widespread disintegration and erosion.
Once an item like wood, for example, is freed from ice, it runs the risk of rapidly crumbling unless stored immediately in a freezer. Nevertheless, as droughts, wildfires, and melting glaciers have become the norm, shipwrecks, corpses, ghost villages, bridges, monuments, have come to the fore.
Ancient Origins has been reporting on global warming related discoveries for the last ten years and here are just a few climate change changes related to archaeology.
A few of the ancient artifacts revealed by climate change on the melting Lendbreen ice patch in Norway.
Climate Change Gifts From The Melting Lendbreen Ice Patch
In Norway’s Jotunheim mountains, the Lendbreen ice patch was once a vital pass for Viking Age traffic, extensively used by the Vikings and medieval travelers from as far away as Rome. In 2011, the year of “The Great Melt,” the famously hidden pass revealed itself, and has since then provided the most archaeological finds from any ice patch in the world (though a Swiss Alps site is also worth noting). This includes hundreds of pre-historic cairns, a beeswax candle box, a 1,300 year-old-ski, an iron horseshoe, and an ancient Roman sandal .
"It's like a time machine... the ice has not been this small for many, many centuries," said Lars Piloe, the Dane heading a team of "snow patch archaeologists," in an interview with The Guardian .
In 2016, ancient reindeer hunting arrowheads were discovered in the southern Jotunheim range.
Permafrost places like Alaska and Siberia have also yielded these types of finds, including the famous Otzi “the Iceman,” found in the Italian Alps.
In February of 2022, Antarctica sea ice cover shrank to a record low, which helped solve a great maritime mystery. A research vessel from South Africa used this opportunity to explore the Weddell Sea off the Antarctica coastline, where they finally found Sir Ernest Shackleton’s ship, lost to the ice in 1915.
The sunken village of Baitings and its famous packhorse bridge, pictured below the modern car bridge, have been exposed by record drought and heat for the first time since the mid-1950s.
The UK Heatwave: Secret Gardens and a Sunken Village
As the UK comes to terms with its unprecedented heatwave, where temperatures in some places have shot up to over 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit), emergency measures are being undertaken. These include hosepipe bans and rationing of fresh water.
A secret Derbyshire garden , hidden for 300 years, was revealed by a heatwave. This florid 17th-century landscape is being called the Great Parterre and boasts an intricate display of flower beds and paths. This is after temperatures in the region crossed 38 degrees Celsius (100 degrees Fahrenheit), the highest on record for over 100 years.
Over the weekend, Ancient Origins reported on the reappearance of a sunken Yorkshire village . The reason? The water levels of the reservoir had sunken to such a low that the erstwhile village of Baitings, which had been submerged in the 1950s, was suddenly visible again. Along with the village, the famous centuries-old packhorse bridge was also exposed due to massively diminished water levels.
Aerial view of the excavations revealing the Mitani Empire settlement of Kemune,, which was revealed by huge drops in the level of the Tigris River in Iraq.
The region of Mesopotamia, one where Neolithic civilization began, has been witnessing devastating droughts for the past 20 years. The major Euphrates and Tigris rivers have been sucked dry by illegal irrigation, damming policies, and human overuse.
This year, the same story repeated itself. Extreme drought like conditions in Iraq caused the water levels of the Tigris to drop rapidly, revealing a 3,400 year old Mitani Empire settlement .
Back in 2018-19, a palace from this ancient urban center had emerged from the waters for the same reason: drought. Due to large amounts of water being drawn from the Mosul reservoir over the winter, along with the sustained drought, this year the entire city in the Kurdistan region was visible and explorable.
16th century Church Emerges From Mexican Reservoir
A 400-year-old Spanish colonial church, the Temple of Santiago, emerged in 2015 from the depths of the Nezahualcoyotl reservoir in Chiapas, Mexico. A massive drought that year caused the water level to drop by 82 feet (25 meters), revealing the colonial church which had disappeared under the reservoir water back in 1966. Also known as the Temple of Quechula, it was first built in the mid-1600s by a group of Dominican monks headed by Friar Bartolome de la Casas.
Top image: Dried up lake with boat, a scene now more common due to climate change.
The “space ball” found recently in Namibia, now in the possession of that country’s National Forensic Science Institute.
(Credit: AFP Photo)
The recent story of a mysterious “space ball” found in Namibia, Africa last November, which baffled for a while that country’s National Forensic Science Institute, has now been identified as a type of space debris known as a Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessel (COPV), according to a story posted by Discovery News. The metallic ball discovered in a Namibian grassland is 1.1 meter in diameter and weighs 13 pounds.
One of the space spheres on display at the UFO Vision Museum in Victoria, Argentina; photo of George Adamski in the background.
(Credit: Open Minds Production)
I am, in fact, quite familiar with these objects since I published a short article about them as a sidebar to my feature story, “3 International UFO Crashes” in Open Minds magazine Issue 8 (June/July 2011). The gist of that article dealt with three mysterious incidents involving possible UFO crashes in Shag Harbour, Canada (1967), Tarija, Bolivia (1978) and Dalnegorsk, Russia (1986), all of which were officially investigated at the time and still remain unexplained.
The sidebar, “The Metallic Spheres – a case of mistaken identity,” however, did not remain unidentified, and was put there as an example of so-called space mysteries that can be successfully explained, although some ufologists prefer to keep the mystery alive and suggest they may be of alien origin. These metallic balls have been falling to different parts of the Earth—mostly in Africa and Latin America—for a number of years, causing sometimes a bit of stir in the local press. They are on exhibit in at least two museums in Argentina. Hoping to discourage further confusion with real UFO-related stuff, we post below my article from Open Minds magazine, adding several photos that were not used in the original print copy.
THE METALLIC SPHERES – A CASE OF MISTAKEN IDENTITY
Two space spheres on display in the patio of the Firmat Museum in Santa Fe, Argentina.
(Credit: Open Minds Production)
Some of the Project Moon Dust documents declassified by the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) include reports of mysterious metallic spheres found scattered in many countries around the world like Bolivia, Chad, and New Zealand. Other similar cases not in the DIA documents were reported in Argentina and Mexico. Usually these cases were readily identified as some kind of space junk, but occasionally they were treated as fragments from crashed UFOs. A couple of these spheres are even on display at the “Visión OVNI” (UFO Vision) Museum in Victoria in the province of Entre Ríos, Argentina. Among the Mexican cases, one was found in Chiapas in 1996, two in Tamaulipas in 1994 and 1996, and another obtained by famous TV journalist Jaime Maussán in 2008, all of which were claimed as possibly UFO-related fragments. Yet there can be little doubt that all these “space balls” are mundane parts of the Russian or American space programs and not real UFO artifacts.
Here is a representative Moon Dust memo from the Republic of Chad in Africa, dated October 10, 1970:
This report forwards photographs of object believed to come under Project ‘MOON DUST’. The object was seen falling in an area 30 kms N.E. of LAI (0924N-1618E) on 1 August 1970. It produced three loud explosions on landing and was said to have burned for five days. The sphere weighs 30 pounds and has a circumference of four feet. A second object was found in the same general area. It however, resembles an automobile shaft. Photographs of this object are forwarded.
A longer Moon Dust document, dated August 17, 1979, concerns “an unidentified object having been found on a farm near Santa Cruz” in Bolivia, described as “about three times the size of a basketball.” The document quoted the director of the Air Force Academy, Col. Ariel Coca, as stating, “The sphere is made of special light alloy but very resistant, possibly a fuel tank or a part of a satellite! The object does not have any signs or marks that could identify its origin nor the country to which it belongs.”
Two views of the space sphere that fell in Mexico in 2008, now in the possession of Jaime Maussán. Notice the extensive damage inflicted due to reentry.
(Credit: Open Minds Production)
The argument in favor of the extraterrestrial origin of these spheres made by some ufologists in Mexico and Argentina is that they are extremely hard, almost impossible to burn or cut.
Cover of the Mexican magazine Contacto Ovni in the 1990s with the headline, 'The Mystery of the Spheres.'
(Credit: Contacto Ovni)
But this is what you would expect of a fuel tank for a spacecraft, designed to be ejected for earth reentry once the fuel is used; it has to be made of metals able to withstand the space launch or the satellite or spacecraft could be in danger. Mexican engineer Luis Ruiz Noguez, a well-known UFO skeptic, explained that the alloy, which is composed of titanium, vanadium, and aluminum, shown in the 1994 and 1996 Mexican spheres “is chiefly utilized in the manufacture of fuel tanks for artificial satellites due to their high resistance to corrosion and temperature.” While the spheres at Argentina’s Visión OVNI Museum are exhibited as true UFO artifacts, the local Firmat Museum in Santa Fe, Argentina has a couple of similar spheres that the Russian space program has acknowledged as part of a Russian space probe.
If you still have any doubt about the provenance of these objects, checkout Paul Maley’s Space Debris website, to see images of a number of these “space balls” of varying sizes and conditions found around the world. These spheres provide a useful cautionary tale in learning how to distinguish prosaic man-made space objects from true unknown devices. There is a good possibility that many so-called UFO crashes have a terrestrial origin, but others are still enigmatic and so far unexplained.
‘Clearest Photo Ever’ of a Huge UFO, Advanced Military Tech, Or Just A Rock In Water?
‘Clearest Photo Ever’ of a Huge UFO, Advanced Military Tech, Or Just A Rock In Water?
A team of British UFO researchers has released the “clearest UFO photograph ever”. However, sceptics say it’s a triangular rock reflected in water.
For many, this photograph is the smoking-gun of alien visitation and for others it reveals an advanced U.S. spy plane. However, for sceptics, it’s a diamond-shaped rock being reflected in water.
The original Calvine photograph now released to the public, showing the ‘apparently’ diamond-shaped object.
(Reproduced with permission of Sheffield Hallam University/Craig Lindsay).
Traditionally, Unidentified Flying Objects ( UFOs) are presented in out-of-focus photographs and shaky videos taken at night. Sceptics say they “have to be blurry” otherwise they would be revealed as birds, balloons, drones and distant aircraft.
Last Friday, however, a UK professor and a team of British UFO investigators released what they are calling the “'Best' UFO Picture Ever”. And it's causing something of a stir. Not because it is definitive proof of extra-terrestrials, but because many believe the huge diamond shape might be advanced American technology being tested in Scotland.
Until the release of the new Calvine photograph, the UFO community had only this crude line-drawing reproduction of one of the six images, which was created by the British air-force for imagery analysis.
(Crown Copyright).
After Ten Minutes “It Shot Straight Up Into The Air”
Back in August 1990, about 35 miles northwest of Perth in the Highlands of Scotland, at around 9pm at night, two walkers took 6 photographs of what appears to be a huge diamond-shaped UFO “hovering” in the sky. A supposed military aircraft is seen beside the object. The two-witnesses estimated the “craft” was around 30 meters (100 feet) in length and they said it “shot straight up into the air” and vanished.
Dr David Clarke is an associate professor at Sheffield Hallam University in England who formerly worked at Britain's National Archives. Clarke, who is now a bona fide investigative-journalist, spent several years researching the story and he eventually found former Royal Air Force (RAF) press officer, Craig Lindsay, who had a photocopy of one of the 6 photographs. David Clarke is also a member of the UAP Media UK , the team of UFO/UAP researchers who released the Calvine photograph. Just in case you don’t already know, of late, the popular term UFO has been challenged by the more scientific and less ‘green’ term, unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP).
Large triangular UFOs/UAP were recorded in the 1561 AD celestial event over Nuremberg. Believers of extraterrestrial visitors say the image depicts an aerial UFO battle and sceptics lean towards the sun dog phenomenon.
For any readers already leaning towards the image being a modern CGI fake, you should know that Andrew Russell, a Senior Lecturer in Photography at Sheffield Hallam University has confirmed its age and authenticity.
The Advanced American Tech Angle
When the six photos were taken back in 1990 they were given to Scotland's Daily Record newspaper and also to the Ministry of Defence (MoD). Until now, none of the six images have ever been seen by the public. Currently, the most popular skeptical opinion on #UFOTwitter is that the object is a triangular rock in a lake or pond being reflected to form the ‘apparent’ diamond shape. And the “military aircraft” is either a boat sailing around an island or an actual plane in the sky, also being reflected in the water.
In an effort to contextualize the photograph I asked Vinnie Adams from UAP Media UK if “any other such craft were reported in the UK around this time.” Vinnie said:
“While the Calvin image represents the only photograph, other reports of advanced American technology in the UK exist around that time ".
Calvine Was One Part Of A Greater UFO Flap
The Calvine event occurred in August, 1990. Only two and a half years later, on 13th December 1992, the Scottish Herald announced that a “huge UFO scudded through the sky at supersonic speed over Sullom Voe oil terminal in Shetland, glowing white, red and orange.” One of the 19 eyewitnesses, Mr John Winchester, the Coastguard officer at Sullom Voe said “it was moving faster than a jet fighter aircraft but slower than a shooting star''.
Sullom Voe oil terminal in Shetland, the site of the 1990 UFO sighting.
(Mike Pennington / Sullom Voe Terminal / CC BY-SA 2.0 )
Lerwick Observatory was “unaware of any natural phenomena such as ball lightning” and Britain's most northerly air defense radar station reported that “nothing unusual had been spotted on radar”. Furthermore, air traffic controllers told coastguards there was “no military or civilian aircraft in the area at the time of the sightings.”
Back To The Advanced American Tech Angle
Researching deeper into the Shetland UFO sighting I entered the CIAs reading room database and discovered a fascinating document dated 14 December 1992, which was only 2 days after the incident in Shetland. The CIA recorded a London journalist, Simon Tisdal’s, report on the 19 eyewitness accounts: “The large white fast-moving UFO took off at 5,500 MPH” said one Shetlander. Furthermore, Tisdal reported that this UFO event “coincided with reports of an ultra-top-secret American plane with a top speed of 5,500 MPH (Mach 8 or eight times the speed of sound)”.
Tisdal wrote, and the CIA recorded, that the UFO was a replacement for the Lockheed “SR-71 spy plane,” better known as the “ Blackbird,” and that the new craft could “get to the other side of the globe in 3 hours.” By the time the craft had warmed up in the US “it could be over Scotland, taking three countries to come to a stop” and this great speed is why “testing could not be restricted to US Airspace,” according to Tisdal in the CIA report.
In 1992, the US Pentagon imposed a “no-comment zone” over the Shetland UFO story until May 2000 when it was declassified. And in the UK last year the government slapped a classified restriction on releasing the names of the two Calvine photographers until 2076.
With all this classification, it is of little wonder that so many people think the US and British militaries are covering something up. And why would 6 photo negatives showing a ‘reflected rock in a pond’ just disappear from the MOD?
Probing The Most Probable
It is not uncommon for the MOD to protect the names of their staff and civilians for their “lifetimes”, which is estimated at the upper-age of 100. This reasoning accounts for why the Calvine case files have been embargoed until 2076. But what still remains a mystery, and a really fascinating one too, is the fact that a team of MOD photographic experts and several independent experts have inspected the photographs and none of them have yet suggested the object is a reflected island in a loch, or a rock.
Maybe this last observation, that so many supposed pros all missed something so mundane, is the reason the case has been classified. The MOD can’t really claim to protect a nation from foreign warcrafts if they can’t determine fighter planes from rocks. If this is the case, then what we have here is an MOD operational (slip-up) cover-up.
Top image: Close up portion of the newly released ‘best UFO photo’.
Source: Reproduced with permission of Sheffield Hallam University/Craig Lindsay
The space agency refers to the strange entity as item STS088-724-66 in its catalogue of space junk floating in low-Earth orbit (within 1,200 miles). Jerry Ross, an astronaut who took part in that mission, says that the object is a wayward thermal blanket that broke loose while his team tried to attach an American module to a Russian module on the ISS. But for a small, devoted following, it’s a 13,000-year-old, artificially made satellite known as the Black Knight satellite. So, could this peculiar object really have come from ancient aliens? Or is it just an innocuous piece of space debris?
Nikola Tesla (1856-1943), Serbian-American physicist, sitting in his Colorado Springs laboratory with his “Magnifying transmitter” in 1899.
Mondadori Portfolio//Getty Images
The facts surrounding the Black Knight are cobbled together from a number of tales. It begins with Nikola Tesla, who said that he had received radio signals from space during his 1899 radio experiments in Colorado Springs. Martians, he believed, were attempting to communicate with humans through numbers, since they’re a universal language.
In a February 1901 Collier’s Weeklyarticle, Tesla recounted his experience: “The changes I noted were taking place periodically and with such a clear suggestion of number and order that they were not traceable to any cause then known to me… The feeling is constantly growing on me that I had been the first to hear the greeting of one planet to another.”
Black Knight truthers cite this as the first sign of their satellite, which sent the radio pulses. Scientists have since determined that those radio pulses were most likely naturally occurring signals that space objects emit while in orbit. The prevailing theory, while still unlikely, is that Tesla heard a pulsar, or a faraway celestial body that emits regular pulses of radio waves. Sure, the Black Knight could have emitted such pulses, but that still doesn’t make it alien in nature.
Rocky debris (brown) surrounding a pulsar (center).
JPL-CALTECH/NASA/SPL//Getty Images
Still, the theory that aliens were communicating with Earth through radio pulses propagated even further in 1927 when civil engineer and ham radio operator Jørgen Hals stumbled upon an unusual quality to his radio signals. As he transmitted from his home in Oslo, the signals would unexpectedly return to him moments later. Hals perceived this as an alien phenomenon.
Nearly 50 years later, an article in Analog Science Fiction and Fact tried to make sense of Hals’s radio echoes. The author, Duncan Lunan, posited that a 13,000-year-old object orbiting the moon could have led to the long-delayed echoes (the 13,000 figure having to do with the positioning of the North Pole star, Polaris). “I tried plotting the delay times against the order in which the echoes were received...and at only the second attempt I found what looked like a star map,” Lunan said in 1998. However, we now recognize those signals as “long-delayed echoes” that you can hear about 2.7 seconds or more after a radio transmission. And Lunan has since distanced himself from the Black Knight theory.
One more bit of disjointed speculation: In 1960, TIME published a story noting that the U.S. Navy had detected an unidentified satellite that may have been a piece of Soviet spy technology. It turned out to be a broken-off piece of the Discoverer 5—an early U.S. photo reconnaissance (spy) satellite—but believers still point to this as definitive proof.
Like any good conspiracy theory, the Black Knight satellite has a few fun hooks, plus some high-profile boosts that add a sheen of credibility to the story. In 1963, for instance, Project Mercury astronaut Gordon Cooper supposedly reported seeing a UFO during his 15th orbit while aboard the Faith 7 spacecraft, according to the U.K.’s Armagh Observatory and Planetarium. Never mind that Cooper has since produced transcripts to the contrary, stating that he never saw an alien spacecraft during that particular mission—Black Knight devotees still include this history in the conspiracy theory origin story.
“It’s astonishing that there aren’t more conspiracy theories about stuff in space.”
But the Black Knight satellite is almost certainly the series of discrete events that explain it away: Tesla hearing pulsars or some other natural signal, Hals receiving an echo, TIME reporting on a secret U.S. government satellite in good faith, and the astronauts of the ISS seeing a lost blanket in orbit.
From a psychological perspective, it makes sense that people want to believe in the Black Knight satellite, says Alice Gorman, Ph.D., an associate professor at Flinders University in Adelaide, Australia, who studies space archaeology.
“It’s astonishing that there aren’t more conspiracy theories about stuff in space,” she says. “It’s really difficult to see details on stuff in Earth’s orbit, even through really high-powered telescopes. So when you can’t see it, then you can imagine anything about it.”
While NASA and other space organizations keep catalogs of the space debris that they encounter, these lists are still incomplete and dependent on nations sharing sometimes sensitive data.
“There’s stuff that might have a catalog number, but we don’t actually know what it is,” she says. “That makes it a bit easier to say, ‘Well, here’s this mysterious object that comes from somewhere else.’”
As for the photo that supposedly depicts the Black Knight? Gorman says that because the image shows a large cross-section of the thermal blanket in orbit, it looks to the human eye like a large, solid object. That means the image could be nothing more than an optical illusion, which isn’t too shocking when you consider that people also commonly mistake birds and airplanes for UFOs, she says.
And there’s still this glaring hole in the Black Knight satellite conspiracy theory: How exactly does an object stay in orbit for 13,000 years? “You have to use fuel and have rocket engines and stuff to just stay up there... Is this some amazing new propulsion system that we don’t know anything about yet on Earth?” Gorman wonders.
NASA captured this image during the STS-88 Space Shuttle mission while 246 miles above the coast of Namibia and looking north.
🛸 How the Black Knight Could Exist
Let’s pretend for a moment that the Black Knight satellite really does exist. How could it slip by unnoticed for 13,000 years? Gorman has a few ideas. The first: mimic one of the small pieces of space junk that are no larger than 10 centimeters in size—space organizations exercise more scrutiny over larger objects. “We’re going to assume that aliens have much more advanced technology than us, so something [that size] could be just as advanced as something the size of a house.”
To avoid collisions with other scraps of space junk, aliens could develop miniaturized force field technology to keep their probe from getting hit, Gorman says. And thinking long-term, there’s the possibility that Earth could eventually have its own ring system—made up entirely of space junk in the “graveyard orbit,” about 190 miles above most working satellites. If and when that day comes, the Black Knight will have a decision to make, Gorman says: “Will it join this ring and risk detection, or run away and hide?”
The Arecibo Observatory’s 305-metre-wide telescope dish was destroyed in late 2020, after supporting cables snapped.
Credit: Ricardo Arduengo/AFP via Getty
After a world-famous radio telescope at Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico collapsed two years ago, many scientists hoped that the US National Science Foundation (NSF), which runs the facility, would eventually build a new one to replace it. Instead, the agency has announced that it will establish an educational centre for science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) at the site. The revised plan might ramp down or dramatically alter the remaining research being done at Arecibo.
“It’s heartbreaking,” says Héctor Arce, an astronomer at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, who is from Puerto Rico and has worked on Arecibo advocacy efforts. “To many it seems like yet another unjust way of treating the colonial territory of Puerto Rico.”
The NSF says that it is following community recommendations in not planning to rebuild the large telescope and instead establishing the new educational centre. “We are not closing Arecibo,” says Sean Jones, head of the NSF’s directorate of mathematical and physical sciences. “We think this new approach and new centre will be catalytic in many areas.”
The agency announced its plans in a call for proposals on 13 October. It requests ideas for setting up and running an educational centre at Arecibo, at a cost of US$1 million to $3 million per year over five years starting in 2023. That money might or might not include funds to operate research facilities at Arecibo still in use, such as a 12-metre radio antenna and a lidar system that uses lasers to study Earth’s atmosphere.
The situation “could be worse,” says Abel Méndez, a planetary astronomer at the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo who uses the 12-metre antenna for research and teaching. But “it could be much, much better”.
“It is devastating to know that that’s their ultimate decision,” says Desirée Cotto-Figueroa, an astronomer at the University of Puerto Rico at Humacao. “Especially despite all the efforts made by the staff and scientists of the Arecibo Observatory and by the general scientific community to keep it working as the research centre of excellence that it has always been with the observing facilities that are left.”
A powerhouse of education
One major question is how the Arecibo site will draw students and teachers if there is little active research to participate in. “Yet the NSF calls for proposals for a world-class educational institution,” says Anne Virkki, a planetary scientist at the University of Helsinki in Finland. “How does anyone do that without the world-class scientists, engineers, and instruments?”
The NSF says that it is asking for precisely those sorts of ideas. The new centre could support ongoing work in astronomy and planetary science, or it could focus on other areas such as the biological sciences, says James L. Moore III, the head of the NSF’s education and human resources directorate. “Here’s an opportunity to reimagine what the possibilities could be,” he says.
Arecibo Observatory has long been a powerhouse of STEM education in Puerto Rico because of its renowned telescope and place in astronomical history. Students trained there have gone on to become professional astronomers and planetary scientists in many countries.
The 305-metre-wide radio telescope that collapsed in 2020 played a key role in many scientific fields for more than half a century, including the search for extraterrestrial life, the discovery of the first extrasolar planets and of gravitational waves, and the study of near-Earth asteroids and of fast radio bursts.
The NSF has run the observatory since the 1970s, working with a series of contractors. It has been trying to wind down investment at Arecibo since 2006, to shift funding to newer astronomical facilities. Advocates rallied and research continued, but the observatory faced fresh challenges in 2017, when Hurricane Maria damaged much of the facility, and in early 2020 when a series of earthquakes caused more damage.
Then came the collapse of the 305-metre dish. One of its crucial supporting cables failed in August 2020, then another in November of that year, and the NSF decided it was too structurally unsound to repair. An engineering investigation revealed five factors that contributed to the collapse, including the design of the cable system, deferred maintenance, and damage from hurricanes and earthquakes.
An observatory no more
Research has continued at the smaller facilities at Arecibo Observatory. Currently funded projects using those facilities will be able to finish up, Jones says, and scientists can propose to continue their use under the scope of the new educational centre.
The lidar facilities include a potassium laser that studies the temperature of layers in Earth’s atmosphere, and a planned new instrument to probe aerosols such as atmospheric dust. The 12-metre antenna serves as a node in a long-distance astronomical network operated by European astronomers. Other research projects that use it include Méndez’s studies of red dwarf stars and the habitability of planets around them.
Many who work with Arecibo instruments are now scrambling to figure out how to ramp down their research projects. Under the new plan, the site will no longer be called Arecibo Observatory — becoming instead the Arecibo Center for STEM Education and Research.
There are dozens of alien contactees who claim that they either visited the extraterrestrials’ spaceships or were contacted by aliens physically & mentally. But the story of Nadira Duran of California began even before her birth. She is also known by her spiritual name, Azi-Azon, which simply means “Ancient.” She basically called herself a spiritual medium (or a channel), who is here to deliver the message of higher beings (Greys & Angels) to save humans from self-destruction. Besides, she is known for her healings, using Tarot, palmistry, giving classes, and lectures.
Before she was born, a huge white light had visited her parents and instructed them on how to raise her. They were told that heavenly beings would give their daughter spiritual knowledge for healing humans. When she was born, her face was covered with two veils (normally, there is one that rarely occurs fewer than 1 in 80,000 births), and after the nurse removed it, she saw her skin glowing and called it a “magic skin.”
Nadira Duran
At that time, her parents lived in a desert in California, and many people wanted to see her magic skin which lasted for 10 days, but her parents were very protective, so they left the place and went to her grandfather’s house in Oregon. Nadira lived there among the farmers and loggers and often went on exploring the place with her younger brother. She said that she had been visited by a not very tall ET many times (whom she designated as the “Cat Man”) when she was only 5 or 6. But it came only in summer, not in other seasons.
“I was small for my age and he had a round face he had curled up eyes very small just like little slits that curled up oh he had yellowish skin which was rough and bumpy you know how you get goosebumps. This is how his skin was and then he had big yellow spots and then from here he had these wild what I thought was hairs they could have been some kind of feelers or something but in my mind’s eye I have always referred to him as a cat man,” Nadira said.
She had lots of conversations with this ET, and he shared some highly advanced information with Nadira which could only be revealed to the future generation. She learned spirituality under the watchful eye of archangels Micheal, Gabriel, Raphael, Sunder Singh, etc. She accepted that she had no power on her own, and whatever she got was taught by the spirits she applied in healings. Moreover, she does channelings.
Nadira had an interesting incident in her life when she was in her twenties and went to San Francisco with her friend Mary on a business trip. Inadvertently, they found themselves on the wrong way while returning. Mary noticed that they were heading to the Golden Gate Bridge which was not in their path. They felt like under hypnosis of something. The night was clear, but the bridge was covered with a thick fog, and there was no sign of people on it.
Mary was trying hard to accelerate the car, but it did not go fast. Then Nadira looked out of the window and found themselves above the bridge. Her friend’s reaction was rather positive than being shocked. That’s it, she only remembered the part of being lifted up but did not see any ship or light. Next, they were parked somewhere near a hotel and sitting for long in a car till the next morning. What they had witnessed was actually a “Lost Time.” They had no clue what had happened but they lost around 13 hours.
Nadira already knew that they had been abducted by the aliens but did not want her friend to know about it. Somehow, Mary’s boyfriend did hypnosis on her and shockingly, she recalled everything that had happened in those lost hours.
Anyway, they both never discussed it, and years later, in the mid-1980s, Nadira went for a laparoscopy. Her tests were normal, everything was fine but her gall bladder and a rib were missing. Interestingly, she thought it was a mistake because she had never had any surgery, and there is no surgery mark on her abdomen. Later, she recalled her abduction that had happened in the 70s and then found out that an advanced ET technician had removed her gall bladder for goodness. What’s more, she met an alien on the ship, whom she called the “Commander.”
The Commander told her that she was special, not like others. The ship had panels with symbols like ancient languages, and each symbol represented different universes. The Commander took her on a ride to a universe where she saw a purple and pink planet with beings on it. They were smaller in size but had no flesh on their body. Then she returned to the place where they began.
Sketch of grey aliens with a human child
Nadira had many contacts with the Commander who was actually a female Grey alien in a special bodysuit and face mask. The alien told her that their bodies were very fragile, and any germ or bacteria from her could kill them. Their race had a very weak immune system, they had lost the ability to give birth, their women could not get pregnant and outnumbered the men. So, to strengthen her (Grey) race, they had been mixing themselves with humans.
Surprisingly, the Commander told her that they were actually from the Earth and time-traveled from the future to find her through genetic codes. The grey told her about a great disaster that would come in the future, and that the “New World Order” would destroy humanity. Nadira saw a scene of 9/11 and various riots that were going to happen in the future through time travel The grey alien told her that there were people who wanted to enslave humans. Their biggest goal was only to start a war and earn money. Those people were not any world leaders or presidents.
The commander said: “Ones who are in power today on your earth rule you by fear. The ones who are in power are not the ones that are the kings and the presidents. There are a select few that are in power, these are the ones that want the New World Order these are the ones that want to enslave the people of Earth. These are the ones who will be the downfall of Earth because they are warmongers these are the ones that are wanting to make money because money is their God.”
Nadira said that her main purpose on Earth is to enlighten humans about infinite love which is their only chance to survive, otherwise they would end up like the Greys. From her knowledge that she received from spirits and the Cat Man, she wants to help people to have peace.
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VERGEET GROENE ALIENS IN VLIEGENDE SCHOTELS; KWAADAARDIGE INVASIES KOMEN MOGELIJK UIT DE HOEK VAN ONBEKENDE MICROBEN
VERGEET GROENE ALIENS IN VLIEGENDE SCHOTELS; KWAADAARDIGE INVASIES KOMEN MOGELIJK UIT DE HOEK VAN ONBEKENDE MICROBEN
Vivian Lammerse
Het tijdperk van de ruimteverkenning brengt nieuwe risico’s met zich mee. Want wat als de aarde door buitenaardse micro-organismen wordt besmet, of vice versa?
Honderden vliegende schotels met daarin drieogige, groene aliens die onze aarde binnenvallen; het klinkt als het onheilspellende plot van een sciencefiction film. Toch waarschuwen onderzoekers dat we ons moeten voorbereiden op buitenaardse invasies. En oké, het gevaar komt waarschijnlijk niet uit de hoek van kleine groene aliens. Maar dat onze aarde besmet kan raken met buitenaardse microben, of dat we zelf andere planetaire hemellichamen met aardse exemplaren besmetten, is volgens een nieuwe studie een reële zorg.
Ruimte ontsluiten Ondertussen zijn er al talloze ruimtevaartuigen het heelal ingestuurd. Sommige zijn geland op de maan en Mars, andere vliegen naar verre planetoïden. En het idee is dat we in de nabije toekomst de ruimte verder ontsluiten. Niet alleen liggen er bemande ruimtereizen in het verschiet, ook is onder andere NASA van plan nog veel meer hemellichamen in ons weidse zonnestelsel op een bezoekje te trakteren. En wie weet wat we allemaal op deze exotische werelden zullen aantreffen… “De zoektocht naar buitenaards leven is een opwindende onderneming die in de niet al te verre toekomst een enorme ontdekking zou kunnen opleveren,” vertelt onderzoeker Anthony Ricciardi in een interview met Scientias.nl. “In het licht van deze toenemende ruimtemissies – inclusief de missies waarbij er monsters mee terug naar de aarde worden genomen – is het van cruciaal belang om de risico’s van biologische besmetting in beide richtingen zoveel mogelijk te beperken.”
Het gevaar Het gevaar dreigt dat monsters die van andere hemellichamen naar de aarde worden meegenomen, bepaalde onbekende microben herbergen. En wanneer deze in onze wereld terechtkomen, kunnen ze een serieus probleem veroorzaken voor ecosystemen of ons eigen menselijk welzijn. Andersom is het ook het geval; de kans bestaat dat aardse microben meeliften op ruimtevaartuigen en zo op andere hemellichamen landen. En je wilt daar natuurlijk geen aardse bacteriën of schimmels afzetten die eventuele aliens het leven zuur gaan maken óf – misschien nog wel erger – in een later stadium onterecht voor aliens worden aangezien.
Insulaire ecosystemen Volgens Ricciardi is het daarom belangrijk dat we voorzichtig met andere, mogelijk leven herbergende hemellichamen omspringen. “Eén van de inzichten van de invasiebiologie is dat zogenaamde ‘insulaire ecosystemen’ – ecosystemen die geïsoleerd zijn geëvolueerd, zoals Hawaï, Australië en Antarctica – erg kwetsbaar zijn voor de effecten van geïntroduceerde uitheemse soorten,” legt Ricciardi uit. “Biologische invasies zijn vaak verwoestend geweest voor de planten en dieren die zich in deze ecosystemen hebben ontwikkeld. We stellen daarom dat planeten en manen die mogelijk leven bevatten, behandeld moeten worden alsof het insulaire ecosystemen zijn.”
Maan en Mars Overigens bestaat de kans al dat er aardse microben op de maan en Mars vertoeven. Ondanks dat er strenge maatregelen getroffen worden om ervoor te zorgen dat een ruimtevaartuig, wanneer het eenmaal de ruimte ingaat, zo min mogelijk micro-organismen herbergt, zou het best kunnen dat sommige slimmeriken toch zijn meegelift. “Mars is de afgelopen decennia door meer dan twee dozijn ruimtevaartuigen bezocht,” vertelt Ricciardi. “En aangezien er microben zijn gevonden in de clean rooms waarin ruimtevaartuigen zijn opgesteld, is het niet ondenkbaar dat sommige organismen op de rode planeet zijn afgezet. Het is bovendien ook denkbaar – hoewel onwaarschijnlijk – dat sommige het hebben overleefd. Mochten astrobiologen dus leven op Mars ontdekken, dan zouden ze wel in staat moeten zijn echte, inheemse organismen te onderscheiden van degene die per ongeluk zijn meegereisd tijdens vorige ruimtemissies.”
Meer over clean rooms Veel ruimtevaartuigen brengen een groot deel van hun tijd hier op aarde door in een zogenoemde clean room. In deze ruimte worden strenge maatregelen getroffen om ervoor te zorgen dat het ruimtevaartuig als het eenmaal de ruimte ingaat, zo min mogelijk micro-organismen herbergt. De betreffende maatregelen die in en net buiten de clean room getroffen worden om die doemscenario’s te vermijden, lopen sterk uiteen. Zo zorgt men er bijvoorbeeld voor dat de clean room heel droog is en zo min mogelijk voedingsstoffen voor bacteriën of schimmels herbergt. Ook mogen mensen de clean room pas binnengaan als ze zich in een speciaal pak hebben gehesen, zodat bacteriën die op en in hen leven niet over kunnen springen op het ruimtevaartuig. Toch lijkt het erop dat sommige hardnekkige exemplaren zelfs deze extreme omstandigheden weten te overleven.
Het betekent dat we in al ons enthousiasme over de zoektocht naar buitenaards leven, ook de gevaren van biologische besmetting niet moeten vergeten. Want als we leven op Mars vinden en we dit mee terug naar de aarde nemen voor verdere analyse, kan het verstrekkende gevolgen hebben wanneer daar niet voorzichtig mee wordt omgesprongen. Om welke levensvormen we ons het meest zorgen moeten maken? “We kunnen alleen maar speculeren over de soort organismen die we kunnen tegenkomen als astrobiologen leven zouden vinden,” zegt Ricciardi. “De meest plausibele levensvormen zijn microbieel en lijken waarschijnlijk op bacteriën. Maar we weten helaas niet of ze op aarde kunnen overleven of welke effecten ze kunnen hebben.”
Aardse microben De organismen die wellicht van de aarde naar andere hemellichamen zijn of worden getransporteerd, zijn volgens de onderzoeker hoogstwaarschijnlijk bepaalde bacterie- en schimmelstammen. “Waarschijnlijk de exemplaren die extreme uitdroging en ioniserende straling kunnen overleven,” gaat hij verder. “Maar nogmaals, we kunnen niet meer dan speculeren over hun potentiële impact zonder daadwerkelijk weet te hebben van buitenaardse gemeenschappen en of ze überhaupt op de planeten en manen – die het doelwit zijn van komende ruimtemissies – voorkomen.”
Natuurrampen Al met al wil Ricciardi met zijn studie meer aandacht op dit onderwerp vestigen. Volgens hem zouden we zelfs de dreiging van biologische besmetting tussen de aarde en andere hemellichamen op dezelfde manier moeten behandelen als dreigende natuurrampen. “De risico’s op rampen zoals enorme aardbevingen zijn doorgaans extreem laag,” legt hij uit. “Maar dat dit gebeurt, hoewel hoogst onwaarschijnlijk, is onaanvaardbaar. Daarom hebben we maatregelen getroffen ter preventie. Hetzelfde geldt voor biologische besmetting. Hoewel de kans vrij klein wordt geacht dat een levend buitenaards organisme met succes naar de aarde wordt getransporteerd en voet aan de grond krijgt, moet een dergelijke gebeurtenis als onaanvaardbaar worden beschouwd. En daarom vereist dit strikte protocollen om dit koste wat het kost te voorkomen.”
Preventie Gelukkig is deze dreiging al wel langer in het vizier van ruimteagentschappen. “NASA en ESA zijn zich allang bewust van de mogelijke risico’s van biologische besmetting,” zegt Ricciardi. “Er is dan ook al beleid voor planetaire bescherming geschreven. Er zijn echter ongekende risico’s verbonden aan een nieuw tijdperk van ruimteverkenning, gericht op gebieden die het meest waarschijnlijk leven bevatten.” En dus is het volgens de onderzoeker nog belangrijker dat we van de gevaren op de hoogte zijn en er alles aan doen om biologische besmetting te voorkomen.
Een logische vervolgvraag is dan natuurlijk hóe we dat moeten doen. “Vroege detectie en snelle reactie zijn de sleutels tot bioveiligheid,” aldus Ricciardi. “Dit is cruciaal voor een effectieve preventie, maar kunnen worden ondermijnd door ontoereikende identificatiemethoden. Nieuwe DNA-sequencing-technologieën in combinatie met goed samengestelde databases over de organismen die zijn gevonden in clean rooms kunnen bijdragen aan een zo vroeg mogelijke detectie. Ten slotte, gezien de voor de hand liggende parallellen tussen dit probleem en biologische invasies op aarde, pleiten we voor een betere samenwerking tussen astrobiologen en invasiebiologen om zo de bioveiligheid op aarde, alsmede op andere planeten, te verbeteren.”
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RECORD VERPLETTERD? MOGELIJK KRACHTIGSTE GAMMAFLITS OOIT WAARGENOMEN
RECORD VERPLETTERD? MOGELIJK KRACHTIGSTE GAMMAFLITS OOIT WAARGENOMEN
Jeannette Kras
Mogelijk is de krachtigste gammaflits ooit waargenomen. Hij vond plaats op 2,4 miljard lichtjaar van de Aarde, wat relatief dichtbij is. Astronomen van over de hele wereld haastten zich om de nasleep ervan te onderzoeken.
In de vroege ochtend van 14 oktober wisten astronomen met de Gemini-Zuid-telescoop in Chili de nasleep vast te leggen van een van de krachtigste explosies die ooit is geregistreerd. Het ging om gammaflits GRB221009A. De flits werd waarschijnlijk veroorzaakt door de explosie van een supernova waardoor een zwart gat gevormd werd.
Record verpulverd De gigantische kosmische explosie is een van de dichtstbijzijnde en mogelijk krachtigste gammaflitsen ooit waargenomen. De GRB (gamma-ray burst) vond plaats in de Boogschutter-constellatie. Op 9 oktober wisten telescopen in de ruimte de gammaflits voor het eerst te detecteren. Daarop gingen twee teams met de Gemini-Zuid aan de slag om zo snel mogelijk de nagloed vast te leggen van deze unieke explosie.
“De uitzonderlijk lange GRB221009A is de helderste GRB ooit geregistreerd en zijn nagloed verplettert alle records op alle golflengtes”, aldus Brendan O’Connor van een van de twee onderzoeksteams. “Omdat deze explosie zo helder is en zo dichtbij denken we dat het een unieke kans is om enkele fundamentele vragen te kunnen beantwoorden omtrent deze explosies, van de vorming van zwarte gaten tot het testen van donkere materiemodellen.”
BOAT Astronomen denken dat de gammaflits het gevolg is van de instorting van een gigantische ster, die vele malen meer massa heeft dan onze zon. Dat heeft geleid tot een extreem krachtige supernova, waardoor een zwart gat ontstond en we op aarde zelfs nog de nasleep konden waarnemen. “In ons team verwijzen we naar de gammaflits als ‘BOAT’, de Brightest Of All Time, omdat als je naar de gammaflitsen kijkt die telescopen sinds de jaren 90 hebben vastgelegd, deze een uitzondering vormt”, zegt collega Jillian Rastinejad. “Gemini’s gevoeligheid en zijn diverse instrumenten helpen ons om de optische tegenhangers van GRB221009A veel later te observeren dan de meeste andere telescopen op de grond kunnen waarnemen. Zo kunnen we achterhalen wat deze uitbarsting van gammastraling zo extreem helder en krachtig maakt.”
Als zwarte gaten zich vormen, stoten ze krachtige stralen met deeltjes uit die bijna net zo snel gaan als het licht. Deze jets zenden röntgen- en gammastralen uit terwijl ze de ruimte inschieten. Als deze stralen richting de Aarde gaan, kunnen wij ze zien als heldere gammaflitsen.
Unieke kans Een gammaflits van de helderheid van GRB221009A zien we waarschijnlijk de komende decennia en misschien zelfs de komende eeuwen niet meer. Maar de gevolgen van deze flits houden wetenschappers nog jaren bezig door op zoek te gaan naar antwoord op vragen als: wat is het effect van storingen in de ionosfeer van de Aarde op de straling van de GRB221009A? En hoe kunnen de zeer krachtige 18 TeV-fotonen, die een Chinese telescoop waarnam, ons begrip van de natuurkunde omverwerpen door een reis van 2,4 miljard lichtjaar te overleven?
Deze gammaflits is vanwege zijn nabijheid tot de Aarde ook een unieke kans om de oorsprong van elementen die zwaarder zijn dan ijzer beter te begrijpen: komen ze enkel van botsende neutronensterren of ook van instortende sterren die GRB’s veroorzaken? “De Gemini-observaties maken het mogelijk om deze gebeurtenis ten volle te benutten en de zware elementen die gevormd zijn door de enorme sterinstorting te onderzoeken”, aldus O’Connor.
Gammaflitsen Gammaflitsen of gamma-ray bursts zijn uitbarstingen van hoogenergetische gammastralen. Ze duren niet lang, enkele milliseconden tot hooguit enkele minuten. Korte gammaflitsen ontstaan waarschijnlijk door een botsing van twee neutronensterren, de lange gammaflitsen zijn het gevolg van een ingestorte supernova. Hoewel militaire kunstmanen al in de jaren 60 de eerste gammaflits ontdekten, lukte het pas in de jaren 90 met modernere ruimtetelescopen om echt onderzoek te doen en meer te weten te komen over de gammaflitsen.
Meer over het Gemini-observatorium Het Gemini-observatorium bestaat uit twee grote spiegeltelescopen van elk 8,1 meter lang. Eentje staat op het noordelijk halfrond, de Gemini-Noord op een vulkaan op Hawaii. De andere staat op het zuidelijk halfrond, de Gemini-Zuid, op een berg in de Andes in Chili. Samen dekken ze, op het noordelijkste en zuidelijkste puntje na, de hele hemel. Het Gemini-observatorium is vanaf 2000 actief. Het was een gezamenlijk project van de VS, Canada, het VK, Chili, Argentinië, Brazilië en Australië. De bouw kostte naar schatting 184 miljoen dollar. Voor één nacht meten moet je 40.000 dollar afrekenen.
Foto: International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/B. O’Connor (UMD/GWU) & J. Rastinejad & W Fong (Northwestern Univ)
Special reports are: Secret Air Force Evaluation of Flying Discs, RAF Pilots Have Tried to Blast UFOs Ancient Crystal City Discovered Under Antarctica, UFO Crash in Cape Girardeau Missouri 1941, UFO Briefings at the Highest Levels, The Missouri UFO Flap of 2022, Strange Lights Over Russia, Woman Saves United States in Revolutionary War, MUFON September Sightings
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Arizona, California, Florida, Idaho, Minnesota, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Canada, Columbia, France, Japan, and England in the United Kingdom
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor The US Air Force and DOD investigated UFOs for more than forty years; and I continue this advanced research I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFOs are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers
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Special Projects
Secret Air Force Evaluation of Flying Discs
Secret Air Force Evaluation of Flying Discs several military personnel have given sworn testimony that a UFO that crashed near Roswell, New Mexico in June 1947 was taken to Wright Field the home of the Air Material Command. I have been informed that General Twinning personally saw the captured aliens and their craft This is a transcription of General Nathan Twinning’s letter as Commander Air Material Command to higher headquarters He indicates his best engineers and scientists examined the craft.
General Nathan Twining
Later General Twining was promoted to Chief of Staff of the Air Force and on August 15, 1957, General Twining was formally sworn in as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff the highest military position in the U S by President Eisenhower.
This is a transcription of General Nathan Twinning’s letter as Commander Air Material Command, dated September 23, 1947.
SUBJECT: AMC Opinion Concerning “Flying Discs” To: Commanding General Army Air Force Washington 25, D C ATTENTION: Brig General George Schulgen AC/AS-2
1 As requested by AC/AS-2 there is presented below the considered opinion of this command concerning the so-called “Flying Discs .” This opinion is based on interrogation report data furnished by AC/AS-2 and preliminary studies by personnel of T-2 Intelligence and Aircraft Laboratory, Engineering Division T-3 . This opinion was arrived at in a conference between personnel from the Air Institute of Technology, Intelligence T-2, Office, Chief of Engineering Division, and the Aircraft, Power Plant and Propeller Laboratories of Engineering Division T-3 .
2. It is the opinion that:
a The phenomenon is something real and not visionary or fictitious. b There are objects probably approximating the shape of a disc, of such appreciable size as to appear to be as large as man-made aircraft. c There is a possibility that some of the incidents may be caused by natural phenomena, such as meteors.
3. The reported operating characteristics such as extreme rates of climb, maneuverability (particularly in roll), and motion which must be considered evasive when sighted or contacted by friendly aircraft and radar, lend belief to the possibility that some of the objects are controlled manually, automatically, or remotely. e The apparent common description is as follows
(1) Metallic or light reflecting surface. (2) Absence of trail, except in a few instances where the object apparently was operating under high performance conditions. (3) Circular or elliptical in shape, flat on bottom and domed on top. (4) Several reports of well-kept formation flights varying from three to nine objects. (5) Normally no associated sound, except in three instances a substantial rumbling roar was noted. (6) Level flight speeds normally above 300 knots are estimated.
It is possible within the present U S knowledge — provided extensive detailed development is undertaken — to construct a piloted aircraft which has the general description of the object in sub- paragraph (e) above which would be capable of an approximate range of 7000 miles at subsonic speeds.
Any development in this country along the lines indicated would be extremely expensive, time consuming and at the considerable expense of current projects and therefore, if directed, should be set up independently of existing projects .
Due consideration must be given the following:- (1) The possibility that these objects are of domestic origin – the product of some high security project not known to AC/AS-2 or this Command. (2) The lack of physical evidence in the shape of crash recovered exhibits which would undeniably prove the existence of these subjects. (3) The possibility that some foreign nation has a form of propulsion possibly nuclear, which is outside of our domestic knowledge.
It is recommended that:- Headquarters, Army Air Forces issue a directive assigning a priority, security classification and Code name for a detailed study of this matter to include the preparation of complete sets of all available and pertinent data which will then be made available to the Army, Navy, Atomic Energy Commission, JRDB, the Air Force Scientific Advisory Group, NACA, and the RAND and NEPA projects for comments and recommendations, with a preliminary report to be forwarded within 15 days of receipt of the data and a detailed report thereafter every 30 days as the investigation develops. A complete interchange of data should be affected Note: General Twining flying discs are real and not visionary or fictitious He suggests it is possible within the present U S knowledge — provided extensive detailed development is undertaken — to construct a similar piloted aircraft. His later positions of leadership would provide the authority to build copies of the alien craft. Signed General Nathan Twining.
RAF Pilots Have Tried to Blast UFOs
Fighter Attacks UFO
The UK Sun reports, Nick Pope who worked on the Ministry of Defenses UFO desk for three years claims RAF pilots fired at UFOs on several occasions but failed to bring them down. He added: “We know of cases where the order has been given to shoot down with little effect to the UFO ” Mr. Pope said the rules of engagement were drawn up after dozens of close encounters with suspect craft in British airspace RAF attacks on UFOs were “not automatic but happen when something in our airspace is deemed to be a threat.” He explained: “In the case of UFOs, whether the object is causing a threat is very much a (pilot’s) judgment call “ Mr. Pope, said the “shoot down” orders had been issued under the highly classified directive since the beginning of the 1980s.
When a UFO is thought to be threatening a country’s airspace, the drastic action has been taken. ” He said: “There was a faction in the MoD who said We want to shoot down a UFO and that will resolve the issue one way or another. He claimed credible UFO witness statements had come from dozens of near misses with planes, police helicopters and RAF jets in recent years Any alien battles with the RAF will be kept secret, the public won’t know unless it comes down in a heavily populated area. ” He added: “I do believe we will bring one down. We are developing increasingly sophisticated weapons “ Mr. Pope also rubbished the MoD’s stance that UFOs pose no danger to the public. “But if they haven’t investigated, how do they know it poses no threat? “They will try to play it down by talking about flying saucers and little green men. But there are MPs and ministers and a faction of the MoD who do believe in UFOs .” An MoD spokesman last night refused to comment on the directive http://www thesun co uk./
Lord Rankeillour, Member of the House of Lords States:
Many men have seen them [UFOs] and have not been mistaken. Who are we to doubt their word? Only a few weeks ago a Palermo policeman photographed one, and four Italian Navy officers saw a 300-foot-long fiery craft rising from the sea and disappearing into the sky.
Why should these men of law enforcement and defense lie?
A diary found by his son allegedly described him flying under an area near the South Pole and describing a Crystal City with flying UFOs. This is an artist’s impression of what Admiral Byrd saw. The government instructed him to keep silent about his findings The occupants were either aliens or ancient humans who were afraid of nuclear weapons.
UFO Crash in Cape Girardeau Missouri 1941
Crash at Cape Girardeau, Missouri in 1941
The MJ-12 JFK document dated Nov 12th, 1963, addressed to CIA Director, and signed by JFK corresponds with a document from the Kennedy library. The document is a National Security Action Memo No 271 to the NASA Administrator James Webb. The subject is “co-operation with USSR on outer space matters” and is dated Nov 12th, 1963! White Hot Report Sept 19th, 1947 – Pages 20120 and 20133 report with viable signatures.
There are a couple of mentions in the documents about a virtually unknown UFO crash in 1941. All signatures look authentic. Not a great deal of researchers knows about this crash. There is very little reference to this in any UFO literature.
There are a small number of witnesses to a UFO crash in Cape Girardeau, Southeast Missouri in July 1941. A Letter was sent to UFO investigator Raymond Fowler and reprinted in a UFO crash retrieval report by Leonard Stringfield in July 1991 regarding this incident. The letter was from a woman called Charlotte Mann about her grandfather.
Reverend William Huffman
Southern Baptist Pastor the Reverend William Huffman was born in August 1881. In the spring of 1941 at Cape Girardeau, he was asked by the Cape Girardeau police department to go to a plane crash outside of town.
The letter said “Grandfather said it wasn’t an airplane or like any craft that he had ever seen. It was broken and scattered all around, but one large piece was still together, and it appeared to have a rounded shape with no edges or seams. It has a very shiny metallic finish. You could see inside one section and see what looked like a metal chair with a panel with many dials and gauges, not familiar looking to him. He said that when he got there, men were already sifting through things. There were some police officers, plain-clothed people, and military men. There were three bodies not human that had been taken from the wreckage and laid on the ground
Grandfather said prayers over them so that he got a close look, but he did not touch them. He didn’t know what had killed them, because they did not appear to have had any injuries and they were not burned. It was hard for him to tell if they had suits, or if it was their skin. But they were covered head to foot in what looked like wrinkled aluminum foil. He could see no hair on the bodies, and they had no ears. They were small framed like a child, about 4 feet tall, but had larger heads and longer arms than a human child. They had very large oval-shaped eyes, no noses just holes, no lips with a small slit for a mouth .” Thanks to Linda Moulton Howe for this report Interplanetary Phenomenon Unit Summary July 9th, 1947.
UFO Briefings at the Highest Levels
F-18 chasing Tic Tac UFO/UAP
In June, the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence’s FY2021 Intelligence Authorization Act contained an intriguing section titled report on “Advanced Aerial Threats ” In the inclusion, the committee gave an eye-opening official hint (in recent history) the government takes UFOs seriously by offering its support for the “efforts of the Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon Task Force at the Office of Naval Intelligence .” The Intelligence Committee additionally requested an unclassified report detailing the analysis of “UAP” or “Anomalous Aerial Vehicles .”
Though already acknowledged by the Intelligence Committee, in mid-August, the Pentagon formally acknowledged they had established a task force looking into UAP. In a press announcement, the Secretary of Defense’s Office stated, “the UAPTF’s mission will be to detect, analyze and catalog UAPs that could potentially pose a threat to U S national security .” According to the release, authority for the Task Force was approved by the DOD’s chief operating officer, Deputy Secretary of Defense David L Norquist.
The summer news of the establishment of the UAPTF seemingly suggests—for the first time since the shuttering of Project Blue Book’s 1969—that the Pentagon is now taking the subject of UFOs seriously.
An internal email obtained by The Debrief shows that almost one year before the DOD’s announcement, the highest levels of the U S military were already being briefed on UAP.
Email Obtained by the Debrief via FOIA, shows an October 16th, 2019, exchange between then Vice Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Robert Burke, and Vice Chief of Staff for the Air Force General Stephen “Steve” Wilson .
“Recommend you take the brief I just received from our Director of Naval Intelligence VADM Matt Kohler, on Unidentified Aerial Phenomena
I thought you might like to have the following for your newsletter:
Witness Drawing
Not since the October 2011 UFO Flap where 87 reports were filed with Missouri MUFON, has our state been so busy with reports. In August of 2022, things started to heat up, and in September 2022 Missouri MUFON received 50 sighting reports, just behind California . Although Missouri is known as a UFO hotspot, and we receive many unusual UAP and USO reports, the numbers are normally less than half those reported in August and 1/3 those reported in September investigators found that six of the reports filed were the new Starlink Satellites, which were launched at a higher altitude than normal, making the string of lights look like they were close together and one craft . This will no doubt cause people to file more UFO reports around the world. However, most of the cases filed remain unexplained Investigators continue to work through them.
Reports of shape-changing craft; a craft that goes transparent, then solid again; and objects that shoot straight up or move at a 90-degree angle without stopping give one pause. Our unique video analysis team which consists of four expert video and photo analysts is a great help in determining what these objects are. Some objects captured on video moved at incredible speed. Missouri MUFON will hold a ZOOM meeting about the Flap on November 10, which is open to the public Register at www missourimufon org Thanks to Margie Kay
Strange Lights Over Russia and Sips
The photo is from the central Russian city of Omsk
The source and purpose of these “strange lights” has been identified: Russia’s PERESVET Laser Anti-Satellite System. The U S Navy is reporting 35 of its ships have reported strange actions including the lights from space .
The military nature of the lighting became evident when the same light pattern hit the skies in Moscow, Murmansk, and Omsk, Russia as the world was paying attention to the lights in Belgorod.
These laser systems are “anti-satellite” as far as they can “dazzle” any recon satellite orbiting within 1500 kilometers of earth!
By “Dazzle” we mean “Temporarily blind” the satellite, making it impossible for the satellite to “see” anything on the ground for tens-of-miles in all directions of its typical fly-by.
At this hour, I am told that with the area covered by the light emissions from Belgrade, Omsk, Moscow, and Murmansk, US/NATO surveillance satellites
NOW CANNOT SEE A FULL FIFTY PERCENT OF RUSSIAN NUCLEAR MISSILE SILOS.
One source, in a position to know, told me .“We can’t see if the missile silo hatches are open. “ He also told me “In vast swaths of Russia right now, we cannot see what is happening on the ground, or more importantly, what is moving and where for instance, we can no longer see if Tactical nuclear weapons are being pulled out of storage. “
Woman Saves United States in Revolutionary War
General Washington in Prayer
Many Americans are unaware that many people in the American Colonies were loyal to Britain’s King George III and England.
General Washington’s Army was barely able to fight effectively during the Revolutionary War .
At the start of the War in 1775, General George Washington took command of the Continental Army to fight King George III of England, then the world’s most powerful nation with the largest fleet. The first general order issued to his pitifully few troops who had little hope of winning the war was:
“The General most earnestly requires and expects a due observance of those articles of war established for the government of the army, which forbid profane cursing, and drunkenness. And in like manner, he requires and expects of all officers and soldiers not engaged in actual duty, a punctual attendance of Divine Services, to implore the blessing of Heaven upon the means used for our safety and defense. “
George Washington during his first year as President established by proclamation Thursday, November 26, 1789, as “A Day of Public Thanksgiving and Prayer. “ Washington signed the decree on October 3, called “General Thanksgiving,” that appointed the day to be observed by acknowledging with grateful hearts the many and signal favors of Almighty God.
General John Burgoyne with some 8,000 British troops with 500 Native American allies was invading the American Colonies down the Champlain corridor from Quebec Canada in June 1777.
There were few of Washington’s troops to intercept the invading Army and the British captured a series of New York Forts and combined with British forces would Likely defeat Washington’s Army. Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the British King George III during the American Revolutionary War often referred to as Tories, Royalists or King’s Men at the time. They were opposed by the Patriots who supported the revolution.
These Indian allies became impatient and began indiscriminate raids on frontier families and settlements, which had the effect of increasing local support to the American rebels In particular, the death and scalping at Indian hands of the attractive young Loyalist Jane McCrea engaged to a loyalist officer serving under Burgoyne was widely publicized. Her death , probably raped, and scalping lead to widespread outrage in the Colonies and men who had refused to fight the British were now persuaded to fight to protect their own families. Jane served as a catalyst for American rebel support Burgoyne’s decision to not punish the Native American perpetrators was seen as or inability to keep the Native Americans under control and enraged the settlers.
Her death rallied large numbers of militias that previously were unwilling to fight such as the Green Mountain Boys f or a beautiful lady who was loyal to the King could be brutally killed, no one was safe. Thousands of men suddenly had the will to fight and surrounded the British forces and caused the surrender of General Burgoyne at Fort Saratoga, NY in the major turning point of the war.
General Burgoyne at Fort Saratoga, NY in the major turning point of the war
The Battle of Saratoga took place between 19th September and 16th October 1777 giving Americans a decisive win over the British .
According to the Saratoga Campaign planned by the British officials, the British Army, under General John, was to conquer Albany, New York, and Southern Colonies from Canada in the Champlain Valley .
Burgoyne army was to meet other British forces, under General Willian Howe, coming northward from New York City, and forces under General John Graces Simcoe eastward from Lake Ontario .
Thousands of Patriot men suddenly had the will to fight and surrounded the British forces and caused Burgoyne’s surrender October 16, 1777 . It was instrumental in formally bringing France and Spain into the war as American allies France provided significant economic, military, and technical assistance aa t critical time in the war.
French Admiral Francois Joseph Paul, Marquis de Grasse at the Battle of the Chesapeake off Yorktown, Virginia on September 5, 1781, his 37 ships were strategically decisive in that it prevented the British Navy from reinforcing or evacuating the British forces at Yorktown. Historian Michael Lewis, states, “The Battle of Chesapeake Bay was one of the decisive battles of the world. Before it, the creation of the United States of America was possible; after it, it was certain.” French ships outnumbered the 17 ships in the British fleet that departed leaving the British Army no choice, but to eventually surrender and end the war The British fleet suffered six ships damaged and 90 sailors killed and 246 wounded The French fared better with 209 causalities and only 2 ships damaged.
Battle of Yorktown
God works in wondrous ways after a month of fighting General Charles Cornwallis fighting against American and French armies surrendered in the final battle of the American Revolution on October 19, 1781, (241 years ago) Jane McCrea’s death was the defining moment of the war and partly why we are able to celebrate independence
President Washington stated, “If freedom of speech is taken away then dumb and silent, we may be like sheep led to the slaughter ”
General Washington’s address to his officersHappiness depends more upon the internal frame of a person’s own mind, than on the externals in the world……
September 2022 MUFON 780 Sightings
Statistical Report
NATIONS
UNITED STATES 660
UNITED KINGDOM 33
CANADA 33
FRANCE 19
AUSTRALIA 6
NEW ZEALAND 3
CHINA 3
NETHERLANDS 2
SPAIN 2
MEXICO 2
BELGIUM 1
AFGHANISTAN 1
VIRGIN ISLANDS, U S 1
UKRAINE 1
SWEDEN 1
CYPRUS 1
BRAZIL 1
GERMANY 1
INDONESIA 1
VIETNAM 1
THAILAND 1
ISRAEL 1
VENEZUELA 1
MOROCCO 1
IRAN 1
GREECE 1
BAHAMAS 1
AUSTRIA 1
DENMARK 1
ARGENTINA 1
GUADELOUPE 1
JAMAICA 1
IRELAND 1
TOTAL: 786
BY SHAPE
Circle 164
Sphere 79
Other 69
Unknown 66
Triangle 57
Disc 51
Cigar 46
Oval 34
Star-like 34
Square/Rectangular 27
Cylinder 24
Tic Tac 18
N/A 15
Boomerang 11
Diamond 10
Flash 6
Cone 6
Chevron 6
Fireball 6
Blimp 5
Saturn-like 4
Egg 3
Bullet/Missile 3
Cross 2 Drum bell 1
States of the USA
California 63
Missouri 50
Texas 41
Florida 36
Pennsylvania 31
New York 27
Washington 26
New Jersey 23
Colorado 21
North Carolina 21
Michigan 20
Kansas 19
Ohio 16
Arizona 15
Indiana 15
Oklahoma 13
Massachusetts 13
Kentucky 13
Virginia 12
Wisconsin 12
Illinois 11
Minnesota 11
Arkansas 10
Utah 10
Georgia 9
Idaho 9
Maryland 9
Oregon 9
Connecticut 9
New Mexico 9
Tennessee 8
Louisiana 6
Nevada 6
New Hampshire 6
South Carolina 6
Alabama 6
Hawaii 4
Alaska 3
Maine 3
Nebraska 3
Iowa 3
Rhode Island 3
Mississippi 3
Montana 2
North Dakota 2
Vermont 2
Delaware 2
West Virginia 2
South Dakota 2
Wyoming 1
District of Columbia 1
DISTANCE FROM THE WITNESS
< 100 ft 78
101-500 ft 83
501 ft – 1 Mile 163
Over 1 Mile195
Unknown 69
NO VALUE 22
Most impressively there were 18 Landings, Hovering, or Takeoffs reported and 19 Entities observed .
The number of abduction (ERT) cases was 30
The number of submitted Experiencer Questionnaires was 0
Thanks to MUFON
Symposium Save the date Next Year!
53rd Annual MUFON International Symposium will take place in Cincinnati, Ohio’ on August 24-27, 2023 “Friend or Foe?
Strange Craft
The True Story of an Air Force Intelligence Officer’s Life with UFOs
U S Air Force Major George Filer belongs to the generation of pilots and aviators who first became aware of the strange aircraft showing up in the Earth’s atmosphere after World War II . These men – military professionals who flew planes, served as radar operators and air traffic controllers at airfields around the world – began to whisper amongst themselves about encounters with suspected extraterrestrial aircraft. During secret debriefings at U S bases, pilots and aircrews told their commanders of seeing UFOs off their plane’s wings. Award-winning investigative author John Guerra spent four years interviewing Filer, a decorated intelligence officer
From objects in the skies over Cold War Europe to a UFOs over during the Cuban Missile Crisis to lights over the DMZ in Vietnam Filer leaves nothing out about his Air Force UFO encounters.
Filer’s most memorable case – the shooting of an alien at Fort Dix Army Base in 1978 – is fully recounted for the first time in this book. As a member of the Disclosure Project, military experts, astronauts, and scientists urge the U S government to release all it knows about UFOs to the public. Filer describes his UFO encounters in this incredible book, by John L Guerra.
Special reports are: Secret Air Force Evaluation of Flying Discs, RAF Pilots Have Tried to Blast UFOs Ancient Crystal City Discovered Under Antarctica, UFO Crash in Cape Girardeau Missouri 1941, UFO Briefings at the Highest Levels, The Missouri UFO Flap of 2022, Strange Lights Over Russia, Woman Saves United States in Revolutionary War, MUFON September Sightings
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Arizona, California, Florida, Idaho, Minnesota, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Canada, Columbia, France, Japan, and England in the United Kingdom
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor The US Air Force and DOD investigated UFOs for more than forty years; and I continue this advanced research I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFOs are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors
UFO Sightings in the United States
Sightings are from MUFON CMS
Arizona Object
Phoenix on October 3, 2021, I was taking picture of incoming storm and discovered object in lens.
California Object
Lake Balboaon January 3, 1980, I and 13-year-old daughter rove to Mulholland Jr High School and we saw bright lights rising up from behind the building. It was a huge saucer shape with a large dome and a ring of very bright lights Druffel, Vince Uhlenkott and 2 other MUFON investigators investigated.
Palm Desert on October 9, 2022, I am a film and TV director who saw the object move making right and left turns and seem to go to the moon then quickly turned and moved away from it I lost it after a couple of minutes.
Florida Lights
Deerfield Beachon August 1, 2022, many videos and a short snippet of this orb Also note all the red and blue lights blinking around this colorful orb I have many captures both day and night Thanks to Will Pucket/www ufosnw com.
Idaho Objectc
Eagle on August 30, 2022, I don’t know what to say other than I have pics of this, and I was a former US Sniper in our elite force. I witnessed a lot of things in combat but nothing like this.
Minnesota Object
Roseville, on October 7, 2022 , we spotted this object flying a few miles away that was black and a cube moving much faster than jets. It was a longer rectangle, turned right, and zoomed away.
Mississippi Tic Tac
Gulfporton October 14, 2022, I live between Stennis Space Center and Keesler Air Force Base and taken videos several times of glowing elliptical craft miles long. Some are 100 feet long compared to planes they fly under .
New Jersey Abduction
South Plainfield on October 6, 2022, I was sleeping, and I woke up in a UFO ship and shown the world and the future. I remember seeing three tall beings Then I woke up in bed I practice into the occult high magic.
Ohio Lights
Hamden on September 7, 2022, I was on my front porch when me and my son just happen to see it flying slowly in a straight line, I zoomed in and saw it was literally a flying saucer. It flew straight until it was out of our sight.
Pennsylvania Lights
Palmyra on September 24, 2022, saw rocket fly at center another object catches it and noticed at 12 seconds in there was a small light goes past the rocket, (left). Where it takes off in a flash faster than that rocket.
South Carolina Object
Columbiaon October 10, 2022, I see a very small silver triangle object. It was three-dimensional triangle far away. The object was a pyramid It was roughly 500 ft high I tapped my friend and told him to look.
Tennessee Triangles
Memphis on October 4, 2022, a black triangle with 3 lights at each point was caught on the Graceland Live Cam near Elvis’ Graceland. The last image is a f triangle. Thanks to Donnie Brooke, UFO Hunter, donniebrooke@mail com
Texas Light and Object
Odessaon September 29, 2022, craft came out of the northwest in a triangle shape. Around 250 feet from us the object got bigger and flew towards the end of runway. It flew over us with a soft jet hum slowly moving
San Antonio on October 7, 2022, picture were taken from plane that flew over the area.
Worldwide UFO Sightings
Australia Light
Glenorchy on September 28, 202, I looked up and saw a blinking light in the sky. It was doing a square loop in the sky and responded to my thoughts. A second object fell from the sky and the they were both just gone.
Canada Lights
Saturna Islandon October 1, 2022, camping at Narvaez Bay off Vancouver Island, I saw a very bright white light above the yacht at 11:18PM. As the light grew luminescent, it flew over me with 3 separate flame like forces taking the shape of a chevron.
Columbia Object
Villapinzon on August 7, 2022, flat object moving right to left flies into trees suggesting an under jungle base. Thanks to Third Phase of the Moon.
France Orbs
Nesles la Vallée on October 7, 2022 what I saw on Friday at 10:11 p m from Nesles la Vallée in the 95
Japan Light
HYOGO on January 3, 2022, a fluffy UFO was flying at 20:56 in the western sky. Blue object attacks white circle object twice with loud sounds of the attacks. The shot UFO shows parts and was warping to the eastern sky.
UK/England Object
Barrow-in-Furnesson September 14, 2022 , I noticed a bright flash above the B A E building where Britain’s nuclear submarines are built. I took 4 photos of a reflective object enlarged and a dark object above.
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Filer’s Files is copyrighted 2015 by George A. Filer, all rights reserved. Readers may post the COMPLETE files on their Web Sites if they credit the newsletter and its editor by name, and list the date of issue. These reports and comments are not necessarily the OFFICIAL MUFON viewpoint. Send your letters to Majorstar Sending mail automatically grants permission for us to publish and use your name. Please state if you wish to keep your name or e-mail confidential. CAUTION MOST OF THESE ARE INITIAL REPORTS AND REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION. If you wish to stop receiving these files, please send a message to Majorstar
Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women; God Bless Our Troops, and Georgie, Elizabeth, and Victoria Filer, and Eddie Pedrick. May the Angels be your guide and take you to paradise.
Put another way, a young person in the U.S. is nearly 11 times as likely to die in a swimming pool than in a school shooting. Few public officials would say pools are doing a poor job protecting swimmers, but the statistics suggest that we need “more lifeguards at pools, as opposed to guards at schools,” Fox said
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
CAUTION MOST OF THESE ARE INITIAL REPORTS AND REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION. If you wish to stop receiving these files, please send a message to Majorstar@verizon.net.
Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women Georgie Filer and Eddie Pedrick my grandsons who both drowned. We pray that God will bless those who read these files spiritually.
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Unknown space object zooms past Mars Rover Curiosity
Unknown space object zooms past Mars Rover Curiosity
The two photographs analyzed here were taken by Rover Curiosity's Right Navigation Camera on Sol 3613 (5 October 2022) and according to Jean Ward's calculation the two photographs were taken 12 seconds apart.
Seen in these photographs is what appears to be an atmospheric anomaly; something like an object moving across the field of view of the rovers camera.
Upon closer inspection it looks like the right part of the object is moving faster than the left part as there is motion blur on the right-side. Or could this UFO-like object be emitting smoke?
Also featured, two more examples of atmospheric anomalies photographed by Rover Curiosity in the past.
Did a doorbell cam captured a translucent UFO over Raytown, Missouri?
Did a doorbell cam captured a translucent UFO over Raytown, Missouri?
According to UFOCasebook and analyzed by Doc Holliday: Something very strange just flew over Raytown, Missouri. A doorbell camera shows what looks like a translucent UFO slowly moving over Raytown, Missouri. The security video shows the object from 2 different perspectives.
I initially was very skeptical of this video for obvious reasons. It's looks like a very large object that just seems to be floating across the sky over Raytown, Missouri on Thursday night, October 13, 2022. Here's what the eyewitness said about it:
Eyewitness states: Unknown aerial object caught on camera, slow moving and sometimes translucent and sometimes rejecting light.
The doorbell camera video shows the object from 2 different perspectives. Watch closely on the 2nd one and you'll see that the object really does project some light through the trees.
I checked the National UFO Reporting Center website and don't see any corroborating reports of this sighting there yet, but it does normally take a few weeks before new objects are posted.
It's worth noting that when videos like this are faked, you'll rarely see an object from 2 different perspectives. In this case, both line up exactly. If the object were to just suddenly disappear, you know you might be dealing with multiple video layers.
Another possibility is that the alleged UFO is just a reflection in the camera of an object moving along the road but the fact that this object can be seen giving off light through the tree to me makes it a much more legitimate video to examine and consider as a UFO that needs to be investigated.
It's another video that makes you wonder what exactly is flying across Missouri and what is its intention. Is it something/someone innocent or sinister?
Ten Incredible Mummy Discoveries That Shocked the World
Ten Incredible Mummy Discoveries That Shocked the World
Mummies of humans and other animals have been found on every continent, both as a result of natural preservation through unique climatic conditions, and as intentionally preserved corpses for religious or cultural purposes. In addition to the well-known mummy discoveries of ancient Egypt, deliberate mummification was a feature of several ancient cultures in areas of South America and Asia, as well as numerous others. Here we feature ten unique mummy discoveries from around the world.
His little face still stares upwards, as if eternally waiting for his mother. From the moment he was discovered, the little Inuit baby captured hearts with his photograph plastered on magazines and news stories around the world. When he was first found, he was believed to be a doll, but it was soon discovered that it was actually the body of a six-month old baby boy.
This boy discovered at the Qilakitsoq settlement was buried alive with his already dead mother – presumably because there was no one left to care for him. The small Inuit baby was found along with a two-year-old boy and six women of various ages, who were buried in two separate graves protected by a rock that overhung a shallow cave.
Unearthed near the city of Uummannaq in West Greenland, the bodies were naturally mummified by the sub-zero temperatures and dry, dehydrating winds, providing a remarkable opportunity to learn about the Greenland Inuit of half a millennium ago. They are the oldest preserved remains ever to be found there.
Tollund Man is the naturally mummified body of a man who lived during the 4th century BC, during the period characterized in Scandinavia as the Pre-Roman Iron Age. He was hanged as a sacrifice to the gods and placed in a peat bog where he remained preserved for more than two millennia. Today, the face of the Tollund Man is as preserved the way it was the day he died. The look upon his face is calm and peaceful, giving the sensation of looking upon a sleeping man.
When talking about body preservation and mummy discoveries, people all over the world think of Egypt and the mummified bodies of Pharaohs, such as Tutankhamun. But how many know that the world’s best preserved bodies actually come from China?
The Lady of Dai, otherwise known as The Diva Mummy, is a 2,100-year-old mummy from the Western Han Dynasty and the best preserved ancient human ever found. Just how this incredible level of preservation was accomplished has baffled and amazed scientists around the world.
Xin Zhui, the Lady of Dai, died between 178 and 145 BC, at around 50 years of age. The objects inside her tomb indicated a woman of wealth and importance, and one who enjoyed the good things in life. But it was not the precious goods and fine fabrics that immediately caught the attention of archaeologists, rather it was the extraordinarily well-preserved state of her remains.
In 1999 the remains of three Incan children were found, remarkably preserved, atop the summit of Llullaillaco Volcano in Argentina. Last year, an analysis on the bodies of the 13-year-old “Maiden” and her 4- to 5-year-old companions, Llullaillaco Boy and Lightening Girl, revealed that the children had been drugged and given alcohol on a regular basis as part of a year-long series of ceremonial processes leading up to their final sacrifice.
Evidence suggests the sacrificial ceremony may have been used as a form of social control. Being selected for the ritual was supposed to be seen as a great honor, but it probably produced a climate of fear. In fact, it was a major offense for parents to show any sadness after giving up their children for the ceremony.
Tjayasetimu is the name of a little girl who was a star singer in ancient Egypt. Nearly 3,000 years ago Tjayasetimu she was a member of the royal choir and sang for the pharaohs in temples on the Nile. The seven-year-old girl, although heartbreakingly young when she died, was important enough to merit an elaborate mummification, a process normally reserved for Egyptian royalty and elite families.
Tjayasetimu had been wrapped in painted bandages, her face covered with a delicate veil and hidden by a golden mask, and she had been placed in a gilded sarcophagus. The child star was well-preserved and still had a full head of shoulder-length hair. Researchers could even see her milk teeth pushing up through her gums. At a height of just 4 feet, Tjayasetimu was far too small for her sarcophagus, although it is not clear why a casing was not made to fit her size. Scientists believe she died as a result of a short illness, such as cholera.
Loulan was discovered in 1980, but it was 3,800 years ago that she died on the trade route known as the Silk Road . The natural dryness and salty soil preserved her and over two hundred other mummies, individuals who had lived in several closely located settlements along the trade route.
The mummy has been called the Loulan Beauty because of her amazingly preserved stately facial features that have remained quite beautiful even in death. Unfortunately, the region where she and the others were found is politically unstable and the discovery of the mummies in the Tarim Basin in China was seen as a possible instigating factor for unrest.
The Chinese government has been reluctant to allow full access to the mummies because of their racial identity. The Tarim mummies are Caucasian and this fact has given credence to the claims of the local peoples known as the Uyghur, who look more European than Asian, that they are the descendants of the original inhabitants of the area and not later arrivals, as Chinese history claims.
Ötzi the iceman , who was discovered by some German tourists in the Alps in 1991, was originally believed to be the frozen corpse of a mountaineer or soldier who died during World War I. Tests later confirmed the iceman dates back to 3,300 BC and most likely died from a blow to the back of the head.
Europe's oldest natural human mummy, remarkably, his body contained still intact blood cells, which resembled a modern sample of blood. They are the oldest blood cells ever identified. His body was so well-preserved that scientists were even able to determine that his last meal was red deer and herb bread, eaten with wheat bran, roots and fruit.
The tattooed arm of the Lady of Cao, one of the mummy discoveries found at Huaca El Brujo.
(El Brujo Project)
On the beautiful northern coastline of Peru overlooking the blue Pacific, the place known as Huaca El Brujo (Sacred place of the Wizard) gives us an incredible glimpse into the culture of the Moche and the so-called wizard buried there.
Its two main pyramids, Huaca del Sol and the Huaca de la Luna, were once the centre of social and religious functions in the area and the final resting place of a tattooed mummy who has come to be known as the Lady of Cao. Not an elderly woman, she died in her mid-twenties about fifteen hundred years ago, probably as a complication of childbirth.
The Moche did not mummify their dead purposefully, but the conditions for desiccation just happened to preserve the Lady of Cao and by doing so also preserved her intricate tattoos. Although it is not believed that the more common members of Moche society were tattooed it could certainly be inferred from this burial that the highest status members were, and the tattoos probably represented and strengthened their connection with the divine through sympathetic magic.
A cocoon with a mummy of an adult was covered with copper plates head to toe.
(Alexander Gusev)
Zeleniy Yar is a remote site near the Arctic Circle known to the indigenous Nenets people as “the end of the earth.” The unique site has revealed nearly a dozen mysterious mummies who appear to be foreign to the region and whose artifacts can be traced back to ancient Persia, nearly 6,000 kilometers (3,730 mi) away.
Scientists are undertaking genetic testing to determine the origins of the mummies and unlock the secrets of a mystery medieval civilization. The mummy discoveries were found in a well-preserved state, seemingly by accident, and wearing copper masks and covered in reindeer, beaver, wolverine, or bear fur.
Many of their skulls are shattered or missing, while the skeletons were smashed. One of the mummies is a red-haired male, protected from chest to foot by copper plating. Within his final resting place, archaeologists also unearthed an iron hatchet, furs, and a head buckle made of bronze depicting a bear.
The Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo are located in Sicily, Italy. In the 16th century, the Capuchin monks of Palermo discovered that their catacombs contained a natural preservative that helped mummify their dead. One of the most famous mummies is that of a two-year-old girl, Rosalia Lombardo.
Rosalia was placed in the catacombs when she died in 1920. Her body is so well-preserved that she looks as if she were just sleeping in her glass coffin, hence the nickname Sleeping Beauty . The secret for her excellent state of preservation was revealed a few years ago, when a hand-written memoir of the embalmer, Alfredo Salafia, was discovered.
This memoir recorded the chemicals that he injected into Rosalia’s blood. These chemicals were formalin, zinc salts, alcohol, salicylic acid, and glycerin. It has been suggested that it was the zinc salts that were most responsible for Rosalia’s amazing state of preservation.
Top image: The Mummies of Qilakitsoq at the National Museum in Nuuk.
The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, formerly the Wide Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST), is a NASA observatory designed to settle essential questions in the areas of dark energy, exoplanets and infrared astrophysics.
About the mission
The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, formerly the Wide Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST), is a NASA observatory designed to settle essential questions in the areas of dark energy, exoplanets and infrared astrophysics. The Roman Space Telescope (NASA-led and managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center; GSFC) is designed for a five-year mission, and will launch out of Cape Canaveral in the mid-2020s to L2. The telescope has a primary mirror that is 2.4 meters in diameter (7.9 feet), and is the same size as the Hubble Space Telescope's primary mirror. The Roman Space Telescope will have two instruments: the Wide Field Instrument and the Coronagraph Instrument.
The Wide Field Instrument will have a field of view that is 100 times greater than the Hubble infrared instrument, capturing more of the sky with less observing time. As the primary instrument, the Wide Field Instrument will measure light from a billion galaxies over the course of the mission lifetime. In addition, it will perform a microlensing survey of the inner Milky Way to find ~2,600 exoplanets.
The Roman Space Telescope’s Coronagraph Instrument (Roman Coronagraph) will perform high-contrast imaging and spectroscopy of dozens of individual nearby exoplanets. NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is building the Roman Coronagraph and is involved with detector validation and developing the Coronagraph’s observation capabilities. GSFC is responsible for the Roman Space Telescope Project. The Roman Space Telescope Science Center functions are the joint responsibility of the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), and GSFC.
Overview of the Roman Coronagraph Instrument
The light from an exoplanet, as it would be seen in reflected starlight, is fainter than the host star by factors of 100,000,000 or more, and well beyond the reach of today's observatories on the ground or in space. The Roman Space Telescope Coronagraph Instrument will demonstrate the first high-performance coronagraph system in space capable of imaging directly mature gas giant exoplanet systems (similar to our own Jupiter and Saturn) in reflected starlight, paving the way to a future possible NASA mission aimed at imaging and characterizing faint Earth-like planets.
Objectives of the Roman Coronagraph
Current ground-based and space-based instruments are limited to the detection of bright (self-luminous) young exoplanets, a million times fainter than their host star and located >0.3 arc seconds away. A successful Coronagraph technology demonstration, i.e., just meeting its threshold technical requirement (TTR), will be capable of detecting planetary companions 10 million times fainter than their host star and located >0.3 arcseconds away. Performance models based on current lab results predict the Coronagraph would be capable of detecting planetary companions a billion times fainter than their host star and located >0.15 arcseconds away. The Coronagraph provides a crucial stepping stone in the preparation of future missions aiming to image and characterize Earth-like planets 10 billion times fainter than their host star and located 0.1 arcseconds away.
Critical Roman Coronagraph Technology Demonstrations
The Coronagraph Instrument on the Roman Space Telescope is an advanced technology demonstrator for future missions; for example, the Astro2020 Decadal Report has recommended a mission that will aim to directly image Earth-like exoplanets[MY1] . The Coronagraph will demonstrate for the first time in space the technologies for future missions needed to image and characterize rocky planets in the habitable zones of nearby stars. By demonstrating these tools in an integrated end-to-end system and enabling scientific observing operations, NASA will validate performance models and provide the pathway for potential future flagship missions.
Exoplanet Imaging
Following the recommendations of the Astro2010 and Astro2020 decadal surveys, the Roman Space Telescope Coronagraph Instrument advances and demonstrates key technologies in space to enable the next generation of Earth-observing exoplanet space-based observatories. Such technologies include precision optical wavefront control with deformable mirrors, sensitive photon-counting imaging detectors, selectable coronagraph observing modes, low-resolution spectroscopy, advanced algorithms for wavefront sensing and control, high-fidelity integrated spacecraft and coronagraph modeling, and post-processing methods to extract images and spectra. The Coronagraph is designed to demonstrate space coronagraphy at sensitivity levels of Jovian-mass planets and faint debris disks in reflected starlight.
Following initial commissioning and formal technology demonstrations in the first eighteen months of operations, NASA envisions a Coronagraph Community Participation Program to engage the exoplanet community. In this way, Coronagraph observations will advance community goals in exoplanet astronomy and how it will validate key technologies for future exoplanet missions, now envisioned as HabEx and LUVOIR.
Roman Coronagraph Technologies
Direct imaging photometry centered at 575 nm (Band 1; 10% bandwidth) and 825 nm (Band 4; 15% bandwidth)
Polarimetric observations centered at 575 nm (Band 1; 10% bandwidth) and 825 nm (Band 4; 15% bandwidth)
Single-slit spectrograph (R=50) centered at 660 nm (Band 2; 15% bandwidth) and 730 nm (Band 3; 15% bandwidth)
Pair of deformable mirrors for precision wavefront control
Photon-counting EMCCD imaging sensors
Autonomous operations on orbit
Data post-processing algorithms
Emulating the Roman Space Telescope data in the lab
JPL's Precision Projector Laboratory (PPL) uses a testbed designed to emulate astronomical data using real detectors in order to validate the Wide Field Instrument's strict requirements on photometry, astrometry, and especially galaxy shape measurement. The PPL testbed rapidly generates a range of customizable "scenes" (e.g. stars, galaxies, spectra) on large format detectors to uncover subtle systematic effects that can evade conventional detector testing and degrade science measurements. Once understood, detector issues may be mitigated via changes to hardware, calibration, mission operations, or data analysis.
Light-year is the distance light travels in one year. Light zips through interstellar space at 186,000 miles (300,000 kilometers) per second and 5.88 trillion miles (9.46 trillion kilometers) per year.
Make the jump to light-years as we cruise through the Milky Way galaxy. Video credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech.
We use light-time to measure the vast distances of space.
It’s the distance that light travels in a specific period of time. Also: LIGHT IS FAST, nothing travels faster than light.
How far can light travel in one minute? 11,160,000 miles. It takes 43.2 minutes for sunlight to reach Jupiter, about 484 million miles away. Light is fast, but the distances are vast. In an hour, light can travel 671 million miles.
Earth is about eight light minutes from the Sun. A trip at light-speed to the very edge of our solar system – the farthest reaches of the Oort Cloud, a collection of dormant comets way, way out there – would take about 1.87 years. Keep going to Proxima Centauri, our nearest neighboring star, and plan on arriving in 4.25 years at light speed.
When we talk about the enormity of the cosmos, it’s easy to toss out big numbers – but far more difficult to wrap our minds around just how large, how far, and how numerous celestial bodies really are.
To get a better sense, for instance, of the true distances to exoplanets – planets around other stars – we might start with the theater in which we find them, the Milky Way galaxy
Our galaxy is a gravitationally bound collection of stars, swirling in a spiral through space. Based on the deepest images obtained so far, it’s one of about 2 trillion galaxies in the observable universe. Groups of them are bound into clusters of galaxies, and these into superclusters; the superclusters are arranged in immense sheets stretching across the universe, interspersed with dark voids and lending the whole a kind of spiderweb structure. Our galaxy probably contains 100 to 400 billion stars, and is about 100,000 light-years across. That sounds huge, and it is, at least until we start comparing it to other galaxies. Our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, for example, is some 220,000 light-years wide. Another galaxy, IC 1101, spans as much as 4 million light-years.
Based on observations by NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope, we can confidently predict that every star you see in the sky probably hosts at least one planet. Realistically, we’re most likely talking about multi-planet systems rather than just single planets. In our galaxy of hundreds of billions of stars, this pushes the number of planets potentially into the trillions. Confirmed exoplanet detections (made by Kepler and other telescopes, both in space and on the ground) now come to more than 4,000 – and that’s from looking at only tiny slices of our galaxy. Many of these are small, rocky worlds that might be at the right temperature for liquid water to pool on their surfaces.
The nearest-known exoplanet is a small, probably rocky planet orbiting Proxima Centauri – the next star over from Earth. A little more than four light-years away, or 24 trillion miles. If an airline offered a flight there by jet, it would take 5 million years. Not much is known about this world; its close orbit and the periodic flaring of its star lower its chances of being habitable.
The TRAPPIST-1 system is seven planets, all roughly in Earth’s size range, orbiting a red dwarf star about 40 light-years away. They are very likely rocky, with four in the “habitable zone” – the orbital distance allowing potential liquid water on the surface. And computer modeling shows some have a good chance of being watery – or icy – worlds. In the next few years, we might learn whether they have atmospheres or oceans, or even signs of habitability.
One of the most distant exoplanets known to us in the Milky Way is Kepler-443b. Traveling at light speed, it would take 3,000 years to get there. Or 28 billion years, going 60 mph.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
