Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 11 MONTHS.
ON 06/05/2024 MORE THAN 1.972.210
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
07-04-2022
What If We’re Living in a Computer Simulation? Google Earth, Video, UFO Sighting News.
What If We’re Living in a Computer Simulation? Google Earth, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of discovery: April 6, 2022
Location of discovery: California, USA
Google coordinates: 37.2533919,-119.1773313
What if you realized that your reality is nothing more than a complex computer simulation? How would you know? And how could you escape from this matrix? Well, first you have to look for the glitches in the program. If this is all a simulation, then the glitches will reveal information to us little by little. Until we know who designed the simulation we live in.
Hey, look what I found on Google Earth today. Its like a glitch but not. Google software is too expensive and not prone to create flaws, but this...may be something far bigger. What if this is proof that we are living in a computer simulation? The only way to prove we live in a simulation would be...to find the glitches. This may be that proof.
The Kecksburg UFO Incident Was The BIGGEST UFO Incident Since Roswell
The Kecksburg UFO Incident Was The BIGGEST UFO Incident Since Roswell
‘The Kecksburg UFO Incident’ is a prime example of a suspicious crash which occurred over the town of Kecksburg, Pennsylvania in 1965. Initially considered to be the result of meteor deterioration or satellite debris, the event quickly raised debate between locals and has been questioned ever since. A flash. A thunderous bang. Wreckage confiscated by the authorities. Seems simple enough- or does it? How did records from the time of the crash mysteriously disappear? How could the local townsfolk and witness testimonies differ from the official statements? And what has resulted in the years that have followed for the town and its legacy as a potential UFO crash site? Let us take a trip to the great state of Pennsylvania as we investigate ‘The Kecksburg UFO Incident’.
A physicist who won the Nobel Prize has said that "an earlier universe existed before the big bang, and can still be observed today..."
Not so long ago, I finished reading Stephen Hawking’s book–his “final” book, called Brief Answers to the Big Questions. As usual, Hawking’s book was very digestible and completely clear, although it delves into various subjects that many people would find hard to explain.
But I guess that was one of Professor Hawking’s many talents to explain complex scientific subjects to people who had no prior knowledge of them. In the book, Hawking addressed questions: Is there a God? Can we predict the future? Is time travel even possible? And is there alien life in the universe?
However, the late professor also spoke out about How “the universe” began, and he delved into the subject of black holes. After all, most o what we know about black holes comes from his work and his colleague Sir Roger Penrose from the University of Oxford.
One quote from Hawking’s book that I enjoyed is written on page 58 of his book;
What came before the Big Bang?
According to the no-boundary proposal, asking what name before the Big Bang is meaningless–like asking what is south of the South Pole–because there is no notion of time available to refer to. The concept of time only exits in our universe.
Although I couldn’t think of anyone who probably deserved it more than him, Hawking never won the Nobel prize.
Sir Penrose is a mathematician and physicist who has worked with Hawking on Black Holes. The man who just won the Nobel Prize for his work on Black Holes has revealed his belief about the universe in general, stating that our universe was likely not the first to exist, that there were many other universes before this one, and that this won’t be the last universe to exist.
Penrose believes that the Big Bang was not the “real” beginning and that even before it, something else existed.
“There was something before the Big Bang, and that something is what we will have in our future,” the researcher revealed.
The Oxford scientist believes that the universe we currently inhabit will continue expanding in the future up until the point when all of its matter decays. It is at this point, according to Penrose, when a new universe will come to exist in a kind of “cosmic cycle” that repeats over and over again.
NASA chart depicting the evolution of detecting the early universe, from ground-based space telescopes to HST and the future JWST. Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons.
Speaking to the Telegraph in an interview that followed his Nobel Prize award, the British scientists examined that we are living in a universe that is continuously expanding and that all mass decays away.
“In this crazy theory of mine, that remote future becomes the Big Bang of another eon,” Sir Penrose revealed to the Telegraph. Sir Penrose explains that since the Big Bang was not the beginning–since there was something before it–that something is what we will see in the distant future.
The idea that other universes existed before the Big Bang comes from what Penrose refers to as Hawking Points.
Hawking Points can be explained as “remnant signals from the Hawking evaporation of supermassive black holes in the eon before ours.”
In other words, Penrose says that Hawking points are signals of the corpses of Black Holes that existed long before the Big Bang in another universe. These have outlived their own universe and are at the end of their lifespans; as such, they are leaking radiation as they fade away into nothingness.
According to Penrose–and he explains this so that everyone can understand it–our universe, our Big Bang started as the distant future of a previous eon. In this previous universe, black holes that exist in our universe also existed in the previous one. The black holes that existed in the previous universe are “evaporating away” via the so-called “Hawking Radiation” and produce what Sir Penrose calls “Hawking Points.”
Had Stephen Hawking lived, he would have probably shared a Nobel Prize with Sir Penrose.
Scientists haven't been this excited since the 1977 Wow Signal. Proxima Centauri is the closest star system to Earth, home to Proxima B, a planet that orbits its Sun in the so-called habitable zone; a region in space where liquid water could exist on the planet's surface.
Humankind has been searching for answers to the big questions in astronomy for centuries. The biggest one is definitely whether we are the only planet with life out there. To try and answer this particular question, scientists make use of many tools to explore the universe.
Although most of the search has turned out empty-handed, we find something that causes huge excitement from time to time. One such discovery was made way back in 1977 when scientists discovered the so-called Wow signal, interpreted by many as an actual “message” from intelligent alien species.
Since then, the Wow signal has been interpreted in more ways than one, and we still don’t know for sure what caused it.
Now, alien-hunting scientists are looking into a revolutionary new signal intercepted from the closest solar system to Earth; Proxima Centauri causing the biggest excitement since the Wow signal.
Let’s remember, the Wow signal was spotted on the night of August 15, 1977, when Ohio State’s Big Ear radio telescope spotted a strange signal coming from the constellation Sagittarius. This radio signal appeared to be io to thirty times stronger than the cosmic background noise, which made it stand out from anything previously found, explains the Planetary Society. The excitement was such that the astronomer who recorded the signal–Jill Tarter–wrote the word “Wow” next to the signal’s numerical code.
Proxima Centauri: A new Wow signal?
According to reports, researchers from the Breakthrough Listen Project, an initiative to search for–and hopefully find–alien life with the aid of radio telescopes, believe to have found one of the most exciting signals in recent decades, comparable in excitement to the 1977 signal.
The project, which has been analyzing and surveying the universe in hopes to spot signs of alien life in 2019, has turned its attention to Proxima Centauri, a star system located 4.2 light-years from Earth.
This particular solar system has–so far–two confirmed exoplanets, where exoplanet Proxima b orbits its host star in the so-called habitable zone, a region in space around the star where water could exist in a liquid state on the surface of the planet, increasing the chances of life having developed there.
The Proxima Centauri signal was found by scientists using the Parkes radio telescope in Australia in April 2020, as revealed by an exclusive report by the Guardian. Unlike many others in the past, this signal has not been attributed to any sources created here on Earth. This means that we can probably rule out it is a kind of miss-signal or false positive.
Nonetheless, saying the signal originated from an alien civilization is a long shot, the researchers revealed. It is likely that there is a natural explanation for its origin, but we cannot rule out that it may have originated from an artificial source.
The importance of the discovery resides in the fact that the team who made the find says it is the most exciting radio signal from outer space ever since the Wow signal from 1977.
As revealed by the Guardian, the narrow beam of the signal in the 980Mhz range comes with shifts in the detection frequency, which are consistent with the movement of the planet around its host star.
This is a telltale sign that could point towards one possible explanation; the existence of a third star orbiting the star, and not technology from an alien civilization, as the researchers have explained.
“We’ve been looking for alien life for so long now and the idea that it could turn out to be on our front doorstep, in the very next star system, is piling improbabilities upon improbabilities,” Lewis Dartnell, an astrobiologist from the University of Westminster explained in an interview with the Guardian.
The exact origin of the signal remains a profound enigma. To find out, follow-up studies will be needed that will help astronomers closely inspect the signal.
The beam, which was spotted in 2019, has since not been repeated, leading experts to speculate it may be similar to the Wow signal.
A paper detailing the discovery is yet to be published, although the astronomers who participated in the discovery are already working on it.
Our Take
We live in exciting times. This new report is fascinating despite the fact that it does not definitely point toward an alien civilization’s existence.
It tells us that the Breakthrough Initiative is on the right path in its hunt for intelligent alien civilizations and the technosignatures that these may have left in the universe.
The signal spotted by Breakthrough Listen can have various explanations, among which the most prominent are; a third planet, unexplained interference, and the lesser-likely scenario, an alien civilization. But we can’t rule that out yet, which makes this find a really exciting one.
Given that the astronomers themselves have tagged the signal as unusual, they believe they are onto something. It is especially noteworthy that Proxima Centauri likely hosts at least one planet that could meet the necessary conditions for life as we know it exists on its surface.
We have been looking for aliens for decades. What are the odds that we find the first actual artificial alien signal at the closest solar system to Earth?
4.000 JAAR OUDE BOOT OPGEGRAVEN BIJ SOEMERISCHE STAD URUK
Een bovenaanzicht van de nog grotendeels begraven boot.
Deutsches Archäologisches
4.000 JAAR OUDE BOOT OPGEGRAVEN BIJ SOEMERISCHE STAD URUK
In het zuiden van Irak, vlak bij de ruïnes van de voormalige Soemerische stad Uruk, hebben archeologen een ca. 4.000 jaar oude boot opgegraven. De boot was al ontdekt tijdens een verkennend onderzoek in 2018 - een deel van het vaartuig was destijds namelijk boven de grond komen te liggen, als gevolg van bodemerosie. Dit jaar besloten archeologen om de boot in zijn geheel uit te graven, om beschadiging te voorkomen.
Uruk wordt door historici gezien als een van de oudste steden ter wereld. De stad ontstond aan het begin van het vierde millennium voor Christus, en is ongeveer 4.500 jaar lang ononderbroken bewoond geweest. Vanaf ongeveer 3.500 v.Chr. diende Uruk bovendien als hoofdstad van de Soemeriërs, een van de oudste beschavingen ter wereld.
Soemer rond het jaar 2350 v.Chr.
Via Wikimedia Commons.
EERDER ONDERZOEK
In 2018 hebben archeologen van het Duitse Archeologische Instituut een systematisch onderzoek verricht in de omgeving van Uruk, waarbij ze alle bekende archeologische vondsten in de regio documenteerden. Resten van de vele inmiddels verdroogde kanaaltjes, landbouwgronden en nederzettingen laten zien dat het gebied destijds relatief dichtbevolkt was. Tijdens dit onderzoek ontdekten de archeologen per toeval een duizenden jaren oude boot, die voor een deel uit de grond stak. In eerste instantie deden de archeologen weinig met hun ontdekking, maar dit jaar kwam daar verandering in. Door verdere bodemerosie en doordat de boot zich in de buurt van een weg met veel autoverkeer begeeft, besloot men om hem alsnog op te graven, om te voorkomen dat hij beschadigd zou raken.
Restanten van Uruk vandaag de dag.
Andy Holmes via Wikimedia Commons.
FRAGIEL VOORWERP
Het was een klus die zorgvuldig uitgevoerd moest worden, omdat de zeven meter lange boot erg fragiel was. Dat is niet zo vreemd, aangezien het vaartuig hier waarschijnlijk al zo’n 4.000 jaar begraven ligt. De boot bestond uit een binnenwerk van organisch materiaal (riet, bladen of hout) dat inmiddels is weggerot, met daaromheen een laag van bitumen. Dit is een vloeibaar mengsel dat waterdicht wordt als het opdroogt. Alleen deze laag bitumen is vandaag de dag nog over. De archeologen vermoeden dat de boot 4.000 jaar geleden in de rivier gezonken is, en daarna in de loop der jaren langzaam in de rivierbodem is weggezakt.
Een archeoloog graaft de boot zorgvuldig uit.
Deutsches Archäologisches Institut.
EN NU?
Tijdens de opgraving hebben de archeologen een laag klei en gips op de boot aangebracht, om de fragiele vondst te beschermen en in één stuk uit de bodem te kunnen halen. Hierna is de vondst overgebracht naar het Nationaal Museum van Irak in Bagdad, waar Irakese archeologen hem verder zullen onderzoeken. Na dit onderzoek zal de boot in het museum tentoongesteld worden.
Using extremely powerful lasers, scientists want to try and contact aliens located as far as 20,000 light years away.
E.T., we’re home.
According to MIT News, existing laser technology could be fashioned into Earth’s “porch light” to attract alien astronomers. a study from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) proposes to create a cosmic beacon, with available laser technology, strong enough to attract potential aliens located as far as 20,000 light-years away.
The research, called “feasibility study,” appears in the Astrophysical Journal. The findings suggest that if a 1 to 2-megawatt high-power laser were to be focused through a massive 30 to 45-meter telescope and into space. This combination would produce a beam of infrared radiation strong enough to stand out from the sun’s energy.
MIT researchers propose a revolutionary method for aliens elsewhere in the universe. The ESO 3,6-meter telescope located at the La Silla Observatory in Chile, with images of the stars Proxima Centauri, is shown in this image.
Furthermore, scientists explain that once a potential alien civilization picks up this signal, we could use the same system to transmit brief messages to communicate with aliens.
“If we were to close a handshake and start to communicate successfully, we could flash a message, at a data rate of about a few hundred bits per second, which would get there in just a few years,” explained author James Clark, a graduate student in MIT’s Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
The best part is that the technology needed to get this working is already available to use, and such an instrument could soon be developed.
“This would be a challenging project but not an impossible one,” Clark explains.
“The kinds of lasers and telescopes that are being built today can produce a detectable signal so that an astronomer could take one look at our star and immediately see something unusual about its spectrum. I don’t know if intelligent creatures around the sun would be their first guess, but it would certainly attract further attention.”
Several possible configurations were considered by experts before the eventually picked two that would work best for their design.
Using a 2-megawatt laser and putting it through a 30 meter-telescope, we could produce a powerful signal that could be picked up clearly from Proxima Centauri B, one of the planets closest to our sun, possibly home to alien life.
Using a 1-megawatt laser and putting it through a 45-meter telescope, we could then produce a powerful enough signal to be intercepted by anyone inhabiting the Trappist-1 system, located 40 light-years away from Earth.
However, Clark explains that both options could be detectable as far as 20,000 light-years away.
But while this plan may sound attractive and help us find out whether we are alone in the cosmos, the plan has a few risks.
Although shinning the powerful laser through the telescope would not be something that you could see with the naked eye, the powerful beam could disrupt spacecraft instruments on its path. It could also harm a person’s eyesight if they were to stare directly at it.
Clark explains that “If you wanted to build this thing on the far side of the moon where no one’s living or orbiting much, then that could be a safer place for it.”
“In general, this was a feasibility study. Whether or not this is a good idea, that’s a discussion for future work.”
It wouldn’t work the other way around
While this plan could work for us if we were to try and signal aliens, ‘ hey, we are here,’ the same thing wouldn’t work the other way around.
According to scientists, if the roles were reversed and instead looked for a similar laser beacon coming from space, it would not be easy to spot with currently available technology.
“It is vanishingly unlikely that a telescope survey would observe an extraterrestrial laser unless we restrict our survey to the very nearest stars,” Clark explains.
“With current survey methods and instruments, it is unlikely that we would be lucky enough to image a beacon flash, assuming that extraterrestrials exist and are making them,” Clark adds.
“However, as the infrared spectra of exoplanets are studied for traces of gases that indicate the viability of life, and as full-sky surveys attain greater coverage and become more rapid, we can be more certain that, if E.T. is phoning, we will detect it.”
The Moon Has Enough Oxygen to Sustain 8 Billion People For 100,000 Years
The Moon Has Enough Oxygen to Sustain 8 Billion People For 100,000 Years
by Mirza Newton
Although the Moon does have an atmosphere, it is very thin and mostly made of hydrogen, neon, and argon. This is not a gaseous combination capable of supporting oxygen-dependent animals such as humans.
On the Moon, there is an abundance of oxygen. It is just not in a gaseous state. Rather than that, it is trapped inside regolith — the lunar surface's covering of rock and fine dust. Would oxygen extracted from regolith be sufficient to sustain human life on the Moon?
Oxygen is present in a wide variety of minerals found in the earth around us. Additionally, the Moon is composed mostly of the same materials found on Earth (although with a slightly greater amount of material that came from meteors).
The Moon's surface is dominated by minerals such as silica, aluminum, iron, and magnesium oxides. All of these minerals include oxygen, but in an inaccessible form to our lungs.
These minerals occur in a variety of forms on the Moon, including hard rock, dust, gravel, and stones that blanket the surface. This substance is the consequence of countless millennia of meteorites colliding with the lunar surface.
The regolith of the Moon is composed of around 45 percent oxygen. However, that oxygen is inextricably linked to the minerals listed above. To dismantle such tenacious relationships, we must invest energy.
If you are acquainted with electrolysis, you may be familiar with this. This procedure is often used in manufacturing on Earth, for example, to manufacture aluminum. To separate the aluminum from the oxygen, an electrical current is conducted through a liquid form of aluminum oxide (usually termed alumina) through electrodes.
As a byproduct, oxygen is created in this situation. On the Moon, the primary product would be oxygen, but aluminum (or other metal) would be a potentially valuable byproduct.
It's a rather basic operation, but there is a catch: it consumes a lot of energy. To be sustainable, it would need to be powered by solar energy or other Moon-based energy sources.
Earlier this year, Belgian firm Space Applications Services announced the construction of three experimental reactors to enhance the electrolysis process for producing oxygen. They want to launch the device to the Moon in 2025 as part of the European Space Agency's in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) program.
Having said that, how much oxygen may the Moon supply if we succeed? As it turns out, quite a bit.
We can make some estimations if we disregard oxygen trapped in the Moon's subsurface hard rock material and focus only on the regolith that is readily accessible on the surface.
Lunar regolith includes an average of 1.4 tonnes of minerals, including around 630 kilos of oxygen per cubic metre (35 sq ft). According to NASA, people need around 800 grams of oxygen every day to exist. Thus, 630 kg of oxygen would sustain a human for around two years (or just over).
Assume now that the average depth of regolith on the Moon is around 10 meters and that we can extract all of the oxygen from it. That indicates that the top ten meters of the Moon's surface would contain enough oxygen to sustain the Earth's eight billion people for around 100,000 years.
This would also rely on our ability to collect and use oxygen properly. Regardless, this figurine is rather incredible!
Having said that, we on Earth really have it pretty well. And we should do everything possible to conserve the blue world — particularly its soil — which sustains all terrestrial life without our intervention.
Our Universe is normal! Its biggest anomaly, the CMB cold spot, is now explained
Our Universe is normal! Its biggest anomaly, the CMB cold spot, is now explained
The Universe is supposed to be the same everywhere and in all directions. So what's that giant "cold spot" doing out there?
Ever since the discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) nearly 60 years ago, scientists have been searching for a hint — any hint — of a crack in the façade of the hot Big Bang. At every step along the way, as our instruments became more sensitive and our observational reach extended farther than ever before, the Big Bang’s predictions were borne out in spectacular fashion, one after another.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
On the largest scales, the Universe is supposed to be isotropic and homogeneous: the same everywhere and in all directions.
Because the Universe has tiny, 1-part-in-30,000 imperfections imprinted on it, we expect to see a pattern of cold-and-hot spots in the leftover radiation from the Big Bang: the Cosmic Microwave Background.
But one spot in the Universe, called the "CMB cold spot," is an anomaly that we couldn't explain. At last, it's all fallen into place.
Since the discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) nearly 60 years ago, scientists have been searching for a hint — any hint — of a crack in the façade of the hot Big Bang. At every step along the way, as our instruments became more sensitive and our observational reach extended farther than ever before, the Big Bang’s predictions were borne out in spectacular fashion, one after another.
But with the launches of WMAP and Planck, the small-scale imperfections in the CMB were measured, and one anomaly stood out: a cold spot that simply couldn’t be explained based on the Universe we knew. At last, that mystery may finally be solved, as the culprit has been identified at long last: the largest supervoid in the nearby Universe. If this research holds up, it teaches us that our Universe is normal, after all, and that the CMB cold spot isn’t an anomaly at all.
The initial fluctuations that were imprinted on our observable universe during inflation may only come into play at the ~0.003% level, but those tiny imperfections lead to the temperature and density fluctuations that appear in the cosmic microwave background and that seed the large-scale structure that exists today. Measuring the CMB at a variety of cosmic locations would be the only feasible way to disentangle the intrinsic dipole of the CMB from that induced by our motion through the Universe.
The fact that the CMB is so perfect is, itself, a modern wonder of the Universe. Everywhere we look, in all directions, it’s plain to see just how different the Universe is from place to place. Some regions of space are extremely rich in structure, with scores, hundreds, or even thousands of large galaxies all collected into the same gravitationally bound structure. Other locations have galaxies, but they’re relatively sparsely located in small groupings and collections scattered about through space. Still other places have only isolated galaxies. In the least dense locations, there are no galaxies to be found at all for volumes that span tens or even hundreds of millions of light-years on a side.
And yet, the theory of the Big Bang comes along with an inextricable prediction: that in the earliest stages of the hot Big Bang, the Universe must have been both isotropic, or the same in all directions, and homogeneous, or the same in all locations, to a tremendous degree of precision. It can only come into existence with tiny, minuscule imperfections, or regions of slightly greater-or-lesser density than average. It’s only because of the tremendous amount of cosmic time that passes — and the relentlessly attractive nature of the gravitational force — that we have a rich, structure-filled Universe today.
The formation of cosmic structure, on both large scales and small scales, is highly dependent on how dark matter and normal matter interact. The distributions of normal matter (at left) and dark matter (at right) can affect one another, as things like star formation and feedback can affect the normal matter, which in turn exerts gravitational effects on the dark matter. The seed overdense and underdense fluctuations allowed this cosmic web of structure to arise.
(Credit: Illustris Collaboraiton/Illustris Simulation)
The Cosmic Microwave Background was discovered back in the mid-1960s, and the early goals were to:
measure the amount of radiation emitted at different frequencies,
measure the peak of its temperature,
determine whether it was truly a perfect blackbody, as predicted, or whether it was better approximated as the sum of a series of blackbodies (which is a property of starlight),
to figure out the nature of the interfering emission from our galaxy,
and to test whether it truly had the same properties everywhere and in all directions.
Over time, we were able to refine our measurements. Initially, the CMB was announced to be at 3.5 K, which then was revised to 3 K, then 2.7 K, and a little later, a third significant figure was added: 2.73 K. In the mid-to-late 1970s, a small, 1-part-in-800 imperfection was discovered: an artifact of our own motion through the Universe.
It wasn’t until the 1990s that the first primordial imperfections were found, coming in at about the 1-part-in-30,000 level. At last, we had the observational evidence to not only confirm a Big Bang-consistent origin for the CMB, but to measure what sort of imperfections the Universe itself began with.
COBE, the first CMB satellite, measured fluctuations to scales of 7º only. WMAP was able to measure resolutions down to 0.3° in five different frequency bands, with Planck measuring all the way down to just 5 arcminutes (0.07°) in nine different frequency bands in total. All of these space-based observatories detected the Cosmic Microwave Background, confirming it was not an atmospheric phenomenon, and that it had a cosmic origin.
(Credit: NASA/COBE/DMR; NASA/WMAP science team; ESA and the Planck collaboration)
You see, the hot Big Bang, although it was the beginning of our observable Universe as we know it, wasn’t the very beginning of everything. There’s a theory that’s been around since the early 1980s — cosmic inflation — that posits a set of properties that the Universe possessed prior to the start of the hot Big Bang. According to inflation:
the Universe wasn’t filled with matter or radiation, but a new form of energy inherent to the fabric of space itself,
that energy caused the Universe to expand at a rapid and relentless pace,
stretching a region of space no larger than the Planck length to greater than the scale of the observable Universe something like every ~10-32 seconds,
and then inflation ends, dumping that energy-inherent-to-space into particles (and antiparticles) for the first time, triggering the hot, dense, uniform, but rapidly-expanding conditions we identify with the hot Big Bang.
The only reason the Universe isn’t perfectly, absolutely uniform everywhere is because the tiny fluctuations inherent to quantum physics, during this epoch of rapid expansion, can get stretched across the Universe, creating the overdense and underdense seeds of structure. From these initial seed fluctuations, the entire large-scale structure of the Universe can arise.
The cold spots (shown in blue) in the CMB are not inherently colder, but rather represent regions where there is a greater gravitational pull due to a greater density of matter, while the hot spots (in red) are only hotter because the radiation in that region lives in a shallower gravitational well. Over time, the overdense regions will be much more likely to grow into stars, galaxies and clusters, while the underdense regions will be less likely to do so. However, the CMB cold spot is anomalously cold, inconsistent with an origin at the last-scattering surface.
(Credit: E.M. Huff, SDSS-III/South Pole Telescope, Zosia Rostomian)
According to the theory of inflation, there should be a very specific set of fluctuations that the Universe starts with at the onset of the hot Big Bang. In particular:
the fluctuations should be Gaussian, which means they should follow a Bell Curve-like distribution about some average,
they should be approximately the same amplitude on all scales, with larger cosmic scales having slightly greater fluctuations by only a few percent than the smaller ones,
these fluctuations should all be adiabatic (with constant entropy) in nature, with none of them being isocurvature (the other option) in nature,
and that as the Universe expands, these fluctuations should begin to gravitationally collapse on small scales first, with larger scales only catching up once the cosmic horizon has grown to a certain size.
All of these predictions have since been borne out and confirmed by observations, some to within the limits of our measurement precision and others quite spectacularly.
The fluctuations in the CMB are based on primordial fluctuations produced by inflation. In particular, the ‘flat part’ on large scales (at left) have no explanation without inflation. The flat line represents the seeds from which the peak-and-valley pattern will emerge over the first 380,000 years of the Universe, and is just a few percent lower on the right (small-scale) side than the (large-scale) left side.
However, it’s always worth looking for anomalies, as no matter how thoroughly your predictions agree with reality, you must always put ahead, hoping to uncover something unexpected. After all, it’s the only way you can discover something new: by looking as you’ve never looked before. If you have specific predictions and expectations for what your Universe is going to look like, then anything that defies your expectations is — at the very least — worth a second look.
Perhaps the most unusual remaining feature that we see in the microwave sky, once we subtract out the effect of the Milky Way galaxy, is the fact that there’s a cold spot that doesn’t align with these theoretical explanations. Once we’ve quantified the types and scales of temperature fluctuations that ought to exist, we can correlate them together, and see how fluctuations on smaller and larger scales should be related.
In one particular region of space, we find that there’s a very deep cold spot: about 70 microkelvin below the average temperature on a relatively large angular scale. Moreover, that cold spot appears to be encircled by a hotter-than-average region, making it even more anomalous. To many, the cold spot in the CMB represented a potential challenge to inflation and the standard cosmological model, as it wouldn’t make sense if the Universe was somehow born with this anomalously low-temperature region.
The quantum fluctuations that occur during inflation get stretched across the Universe, and when inflation ends, they become density fluctuations. This leads, over time, to the large-scale structure in the Universe today, as well as the fluctuations in temperature observed in the CMB. Its a spectacular example of how the quantum nature of reality affects the entire large-scale universe.
(Credit: E. Siegel; ESA/Planck and the DOE/NASA/NSF Interagency Task Force on CMB research)
It’s important to recognize where these temperature fluctuations come from in the first place. The Universe, even at the start of the hot Big Bang, really is the exact same temperature everywhere. The thing that’s different from location to location is the density of the Universe, and this is the component that has those 1-part-in-30,000 imperfections, as imprinted by inflation. The reason we observe the Universe to possess different temperatures in different regions of space is because of the phenomenon of gravitational redshift: matter curves space, and where space is more severely curved, light has to lose more energy to “climb out” of that gravitational potential well. In the astrophysics community, this is known as the Sachs-Wolfe effect, and it’s the primary cause of the temperature differences we observe in the CMB.
But there’s another, more subtle effect: the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. As structure forms in the Universe, as gravitation brings more and more mass together, as clusters grow and voids form, and as the relative ratios of radiation, matter, and dark energy change with respect to one another, the gravitational effects of traveling into a certain region of space don’t necessarily equal the gravitational effects of traveling out of that same region of space later on. The Universe evolves, structures form and become more matter-rich in some areas and more matter-poor in others, and any light passing through those regions is affected.
When we see a hot spot, a cold spot, or a region of average temperature in the CMB, the temperature different we see typically corresponds to an underdense, overdense, or average-density region at the time the CMB was emitted: just 380,000 years after the Big Bang. This is a consequence of the Sachs-Wolfe effect.
Imagine, if you will, that you have two different regions of space: a large-scale overdensity (like a supercluster) and a large-scale underdensity (like a great cosmic void). Now, imagine, just like in our real Universe, you have some form of dark energy: a component of the Universe that behaves differently from matter, and doesn’t dilute in density as the Universe expands. Now, let’s imagine what happens as the photon, traveling through space, encounters either a big overdensity or a big underdensity.
As the photon begins to see this overdensity (underdensity), it gains (loses) energy as it travels from an average region of space into the new region that departs significantly from the average density.
But owing to dark energy, the gravitational potential well (hump), whether positive or negative, becomes stretched out and gets more shallow, and does so as the photon travels through it.
As a result, when the photon exits the overdense (underdense) region, it re-loses (or re-gains) a smaller amount of energy than it gained (lost) when it first entered that region.
If something appears anomalously cold in the CMB, it could be because there’s something wrong with our model of the Universe; that’s of course the more interesting option. But it could also be, quite simply, because there’s a large cosmic void in that location, and that void grew shallower as the light traveled through it because of dark energy.
The anomalous cold spot in the CMB, as viewed by Planck, is unusual not only for its coldness and its extent, but for the fact that it’s surrounded by a hot region on all sides. This puzzling feature may be explicable by the recent discovery of a new, nearby supervoid in the constellation of Eridanus.
Now, here’s where the idea becomes testable: you can’t point to a void that’s too far away along the line-of-sight to explain it, because dark energy only becomes important for the Universe’s expansion over the past ~6 billion years or so. If one exists along this line-of-sight, it must be closer, at present, than 7.5 billion light-years.
So, what do we find when we go out and look?
That’s where the latest results from the Dark Energy Survey come in. Scientists were able to confirm that, yes, there is a supervoid there, and it may have a much higher-amplitude integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect that a typical underdensity does. While some underdensities were previously found at greater distances some 6-10 billion light-years away, they were determined to account for no more than ~20% of the effect. However, a 2015 study revealed a nearby supervoid right in that precise direction: 1.9 billion light-years away and about 0.5-1.0 billion light-years across. The most recent study that confirms this void and measures its properties, finds that it’s the largest supervoid that exists since the onset of dark energy’s dominance. The study suggests — but doesn’t yet prove — that there is a causal relation between this late-time supervoid and the “cold spot” in the CMB.
The Cold Spot resides in the constellation Eridanus in the southern galactic hemisphere. The inset shows the microwave temperature map of this patch of sky, as mapped by the European Space Agency Planck satellite. The main figure depicts the map of the dark matter distribution created by the Dark Energy Survey team. Note how the large supervoid thoroughly coincides with the CMB’s cold spot.
There are many different ways to map out the large-scale structure of the Universe: from galaxy counts to gravitational lensing to the overall impact that the structure has on the background light emitted from various redshifts. In this particular case, it was the construction of a gravitational lensing map that confirmed the presence of this supervoid, which happens to be the emptiest large region of space in our nearby corner of the Universe. We cannot say for certain that this supervoid explains the full extent of the CMB cold spot, but it’s looking more and more likely that, once the presence of the supervoid is taken into account, what remains is no more anomalous than any other typical region of the sky.
The way we’ll tell for sure, of course, is through better, deeper, higher-resolution imaging of this relatively large region of the sky, which spans somewhere around 40 square degrees. With the ESA’s Euclid mission poised to launch just next year, in 2023, and with the Vera Rubin Observatory and NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Telescope expected to come online over the next few years, the critical data will soon be in our hands. After nearly two decades of wondering at what could have caused the CMB cold spot, we finally have our answer: the largest supervoid in the nearby Universe. All we need is a robust confirmation of what the present data strongly indicates, and this will be yet another cosmic challenge to which our standard cosmological model is thoroughly capable of rising.
It’s not just that we are in the midst of a top-down directed global revolution. It’s one that is designed to change the very nature of humanity. Is there any relationship between this and the UFO/UAP phenomenon?
Richard Dolan is one of the world’s leading researchers and writers on the subject of UFOs and believes that they constitute the greatest mystery of our time. He is the author of two volumes of history, UFOs and the National Security State, both ground-breaking works which together provide the most factually complete and accessible narrative of the UFO subject available anywhere.
He also co-authored a speculative book about the future, A.D. After Disclosure, the first-ever analysis not only of how UFO secrecy might end but of the all-important question: what happens next?
Digging Through Kepler Data Turns Up a Near Twin of Jupiter
Digging Through Kepler Data Turns Up a Near Twin of Jupiter
NASA’s Kepler planet-hunting spacecraft was deactivated in November 2018, about ten years after it launched. The mission detected over 5,000 candidate exoplanets and 2,662 confirmed exoplanets using the transit method. But scientists are still working with all of Kepler’s data, hoping to uncover more planets in the observations.
A team of researchers have announced the discovery of one more planet in the Kepler data, and this one is nearly a twin of Jupiter.
The planet is called K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb (sorry), and it’s a whopping 17,000 light-years away. That’s almost twice as far away as the next furthest planet discovered by Kepler. Its mass is nearly identical to Jupiter’s, and it orbits its star at the same distance that Jupiter orbits the Sun. Astronomers found the world in Kepler data from 2016.
Kepler found planets using the transit timing method. But it discovered this one differently. It relied on one of Einstein’s predictions; that extremely massive objects have such powerful gravity that they can bend light. It’s called gravitational microlensing.
“The chance that a background star is affected this way by a planet is tens to hundreds of millions to one against.”
Dr. Eamonn Kerins, Principal Investigator for the Science and Technology Facilities Council.
A new paper titled “Kepler K2 Campaign 9: II. First space-based discovery of an exoplanet using microlensing” presents the discovery. It’s available online at the pre-print site arxiv.org and hasn’t been peer-reviewed yet. The lead author is Ph.D. student David Specht from The University of Manchester.
Opportunities to detect exoplanets with gravitational microlensing were heightened between April and July 2016 when Kepler was looking at millions of stars toward the center of the Milky Way. In the microlensing technique, astronomers watch for the light from a background star bent by an exoplanet’s mass in the foreground. That’s not easy to do; it requires precise alignment of the background and foreground from Kepler’s point of view.
“To see the effect at all requires almost perfect alignment between the foreground planetary system and a background star,” said Dr. Eamonn Kerins, Principal Investigator for the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) grant that funded this research. “The chance that a background star is affected this way by a planet is tens to hundreds of millions to one against. But there are hundreds of millions of stars towards the centre of our galaxy. So Kepler just sat and watched them for three months.”
Last year a team of researchers developed a new algorithm to search for microlensing candidates in Kepler data. Some of those same researchers are behind this new study. The researchers developed the algorithm to look for free-floating planet candidates. They found five new candidates, including one that’s “… a caustic-crossing binary event, consistent with a bound planet,” that study said.
That effort expanded the possibilities of the Kepler data, even though NASA didn’t explicitly design the mission for microlensing. “Even through a space telescope not designed for microlensing studies, this result highlights the advantages for exoplanet microlensing discovery that come from continuous, high-cadence temporal sampling that is possible from space,” the authors of the new study write.
The 2021 study “only” found one exoplanet candidate, and this new study confirms its candidacy. But in science, each planet is a data point that tells scientists something, now or in the future.
The image on the left is a Kepler image with K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb shown in a red circle. The image on the right is a Canada-France Hawaii Telescope image of the same region, with the exoplanet in a red circle. K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb is almost identical to Jupiter in terms of its mass and its distance from its star. Astronomers discovered it using data obtained in 2016 by NASA’s Kepler space telescope. The exoplanetary system is twice as distant as any seen previously by Kepler, which found over 2,700 confirmed planets before ceasing operations in 2018. Image Credit: Specht et al. 2022.
Five ground-based surveys also looked at the same sky area as Kepler did from April to July 2016. Kepler saw the microlensing anomaly before they did because Kepler’s over 100 million km closer. That delay allowed researchers to get a better idea of what they saw and where they were seeing it.
“The difference in vantage point between Kepler and observers here on Earth allowed us to triangulate where along our sightline the planetary system is located,” said Dr. Kerins. Kepler’s vantage point above Earth’s atmosphere also allowed it to observe continuously.
“Kepler was also able to observe uninterrupted by weather or daylight, allowing us to determine precisely the mass of the exoplanet and its orbital distance from its host star,” Dr. Kerins said. “It is basically Jupiter’s identical twin in terms of its mass and its position from its Sun, which is about 60% of the mass of our own Sun.”
This figure from the study shows the photometric Kepler data for the detected exoplanet K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb. The caustic crossing region is clearly visible and well sampled between ?? ? ?2450000 = 7515 and 7519. Image Credit: Specht et al. 2022.
This study highlights the growing importance of gravitational microlensing in exoplanet science. “Microlensing remains the principal method for detecting cool, low-mass exoplanets, including planets beyond the snow-line,” the authors write. The transit method has a built-in sampling bias: it’s more likely to detect giant planets close to large stars because the light-blocking signal is more robust. The transit method struggles to identify planets on wider orbits because it can take hundreds of years for multiple transits to occur, and astronomers need multiple transits to confirm exoplanet candidates. Gravitational microlensing doesn’t have the same limitations.
But detecting planets like 2-2016-BLG-0005Lb beyond a solar system’s snow-line is essential to build our understanding of solar system architecture and strengthen our theories of planet formation. Current thinking shows that high-mass planets form through core accretion beyond the snow line, then migrate inward towards the star. (Though some may form due to gravitational instability.) Jupiter likely did that, and though Jupiter eventually settled into its orbit beyond the snow line, other planets may not. This process explains the high numbers of Hot Jupiters in the exoplanet database.
This image shows an artist’s impression of 10 hot Jupiter exoplanets studied using the Hubble and Spitzer space telescopes. Astronomers think that about 10% of exoplanets are Hot Jupiters, but they’re detected more readily. (Colors are for illustration only.) Image Credit: By ESA/Hubble, CC BY 4.0, µhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=45642004
“Simulations also indicate that lower-mass planets should exist in large numbers beyond the snow line, but that these do not typically migrate from their orbit of formation,” the authors write. “By probing the demographics of cool, low-mass exoplanets, we can therefore test planet-formation predictions directly, without the need to consider complex migration dynamics.”
Astronomers have proven that gravitational microlensing can detect distant exoplanets, but they won’t have to rely on older Kepler data to use the technique. NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Telescope should detect thousands of exoplanets using gravitational microlensing. One study showed it could detect over 100,000 of them.
“Roman will find planets in other poorly studied categories,” NASA says. “Microlensing is best suited to finding worlds from the habitable zone of their star and farther out. This includes ice giants, like Uranus and Neptune in our solar system,” the NASA website for the Roman Space Telescope explains. Some evidence shows that ice giants are the most common type of exoplanet in the galaxy, making our own Solar System a bit of an outlier with only two of them. “Roman will put that theory to the test and help us get a better understanding of which planetary characteristics are most prevalent.”
Roman will observe the galactic center, a region filled with stars. The more stars it looks at, the more microlensing events it’s likely to see.
The ESA’s Euclid mission will also use gravitational microlensing. Its primary mission is to study dark matter, dark energy, and the expansion of the Universe. But it can also detect exoplanets. Euclid and Roman are designed to complement one another, so who knows exactly what we might learn from them.
Dr. Kerins is Deputy Lead for the ESA Euclid Exoplanet Science Working Group. “Kepler was never designed to find planets using microlensing, so in many ways, it’s amazing that it has done so. Roman and Euclid, on the other hand, will be optimized for this kind of work. They will be able to complete the planet census started by Kepler,” he said.
“We’ll learn how typical the architecture of our own solar system is. The data will also allow us to test our ideas of how planets form. This is the start of a new exciting chapter in our search for other worlds.”
Ancient Alien Woman Statue Found Under Lake Huron, 213 Meters Long! USA April 6, 2022, UFO Sighting News.
Ancient Alien Woman Statue Found Under Lake Huron, 213 Meters Long! USA April 6, 2022, UFO Sighting News.
Date of discovery: April 6, 2022
Location of discovery:Lake Huron, US/Canada boarder
Google coordinates: 45°46'33.19"N 81°57'14.09"W
After I found the island shaped like a bird just a few km away, I then found something way more exciting to me. I found an ancient alien statue under a few meters of water in Lake Huron. Her face is what really grabbed me. It just stood out so powerfully. Then my eyes went down her neck, and figure covered in a toga-like robe down to her ankles. She is holding out her hand, which becomes a tiny island named Can Island. This gesture could mean that aliens are offering this planet to humans to live upon. Showing an offering of friendship to all. It measures 213 meters long.
As I have said, ancient aliens have been to earth millions of years ago, and they left behind many signs that they were here. How we interpret the signs is up to each of us individually. But nevertheless, the signs are there.
Ancient Aliens Left Bird Shape Island For Humans To Find, Google Earth Map, UFO Sighting News.
Ancient Aliens Left Bird Shape Island For Humans To Find, Google Earth Map, UFO Sighting News.
Date of discovery:April 6, 2022
Location of discovery: Canada/US Boarder
Hey, found a island that looks like a bird, called Treasure Island on Google Earth. Strange, that sounds like part of a pirate story. Google coordinates 45°45'33.30"N 82°10'26.83"W On Canada US Boarder.
I have long believed, that intelligent aliens have long ago visited, lived and thrived on Earth, only to be forced to leave to allow a human experiment to take place. But they deliberately left behind secret messages, in our environment, in our maps, even in our genetic code. So that one day, we will realize the reality of the situation. That we were never alone.
Now I used the Time Machine button on lower left of Google Earth to get a more clear map view from 10/2016, because the current map has ice over the lake and makes it less beautiful.
4th June 1947: The first widely-reported UFO sighting was made by private pilot Kenneth Arnold
4th June 1947: The first widely-reported UFO sighting was made by private pilot Kenneth Arnold
Kenneth Arnold was a business owner and experienced private pilot, who often traveled to meetings around the Pacific Northwest in his small CallAir A-2. He was a well-respected founder of the Idaho Search and Rescue Pilots Association, and had built up 9,000 flying hours by the time he departed Chehalis, Washington, on a routine 150-mile flight to Yakima on the afternoon of 24 June 1947.
Arnold had deviated from his intended flight path in the hope of locating a Marine Corps C-46 transport plane that had crashed near Mount Rainier and claiming the $5,000 reward. Having failed to spot the wreckage, he made a 300-degree turn 9,200 feet above the town of Mineral and witnessed a bright flash in the distance. Looking north, Arnold reported seeing a formation of nine roughly circular objects flying at an incredible speed. He subsequently calculated that they were moving at more than 1,700 miles per hour.
Arnold was most startled by the lack of a tail on the objects, but initially just assumed that he had witnessed an experimental military aircraft. He reported the sighting to the general manager of the airfield at Yakima when he landed, and before long the story had spread.
The fact that Arnold was both a respected businessman and experienced pilot meant that his account was taken seriously by the press. Consequently he began to be bombarded with requests for interviews. When questioned about the objects, he repeatedly likened their flying-style to how a pie plate or saucer might skip across water. In what he later complained was an ‘historic misquote’, the press coined the phrase ‘flying saucers’ to describe what he had seen.
NASA ROVER FINDS ITS OWN PARACHUTE IN MARTIAN DESERT
NASA ROVER FINDS ITS OWN PARACHUTE IN MARTIAN DESERT
IS THAT REALLY IT?
NASA
Spotted!
NASA’s Mars Perseverance rover has made a fascinating discovery, 412 Earth days since landing on the Red Planet.
A keen-eyed netizen spotted the discarded remains of the rover’s parachute in raw images that were taken on April 6, a timely reminder of how much ground NASA’s rover has already covered.
Although the object certainly appears to be the rover’s parachute, NASA has yet to officially confirm the finding.
Sightseeing
The parachute’s remains and location were picked up in images taken by NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter shortly after the six-wheeled rover touched down on the Martian surface back in February 2021.
That location is just south of Perseverance’s current location — just over half a mile, according to our estimations — which can be seen in NASA’s handy live map. In other words, it’s certainly feasible Perseverance’s mast cam was able to pick out the jetsam more than a year after landing.
The rover has been covering a lot of ground lately, first backtracking some of its earlier route, and then venturing beyond the location where its tiny Ingenuity Mars helicopter achieved first flight back in April 2021.
Delta Delta
Perseverance is now beelining — a part of its journey colloquially known as the “drive, drive, drive campaign” — to a rockier region that scientists believe is the delta of a dried up ancient lake bed it landed in the center of.
While it’s not exactly moving at a breakneck pace, it recently broke its daily distance covered record, covering an impressive 800 feet.
It’s a bit of a nostalgic moment: NASA left a ton of Easter Eggs in the design of Perseverance’s parachute, including a secret code that spelled out “Dare Mighty Things.”
And just over a year after landing, Perseverance has certainly done just that.
UFOs Sighted By Motorist Over Melbourne In Australia. April 1, 2022
There is an "LANGUAGE WARNING" with this video but it is a natural response to witnessing the unnatural. These objects where sighted on April 1, 2022, (Yes i know the date. lol) in Melbourne the state of Victoria, Australia.
The witness stated the following
"I was chasing them till they suddenly disappeared, they were shifting shapes from square blocks to thin rectangular shapes."
Thanks to Era-Modon for allowing me the use of this footage and to view the original:
Did a 23ABC viewer’s Ring camera capture UFO on video in Southwest Bakersfield?
Did a 23ABC viewer’s Ring camera capture UFO on video in Southwest Bakersfield?
A 23ABC viewer from Southwest Bakersfield sent us a video of an unknown object flying through the sky. Bakersfield resident Tim Harvey sent us this video from his Ring camera.
Scientists Start Construction of World’s Largest Fusion Reactor
Scientists Start Construction of World’s Largest Fusion Reactor
"Enabling the exclusive use of clean energy will be a miracle for our planet."
Image by INTER
Today, engineers started construction of the world’s largest nuclear fusion project in southern France, The Guardian reports, with operations planned to begin in late 2025.
The project, called ITER, is an international collaborative effort between 35 countries with enormous ambitions: prove the feasibility of fusion energy with a gigantic magnetic device called a “tokamak,” as per the project’s official website.
“Enabling the exclusive use of clean energy will be a miracle for our planet,” ITER director-general Bernard Bigot said during today’s virtual celebration, as quoted by The Guardian.
Fusion power, in theory, works by harnessing the energy released by two lighter atomic nuclei fusing to form a heavier nucleus, and turning it into electricity.
If proven to be economical — that is, if the machine generates more energy than has to be put in to kickstart the process — the technology could lay the groundwork for an entirely new way of generating nearly unlimited clean energy on a commercial scale. Fusion power would be far safer than conventional fission nuclear energy, since there’s no risk of a meltdown or leftover nuclear waste.
But if the last six decades of fusion research are anything to go by, it remains an elusive way of generating net energy. The extremely hot plasma inside the fusion reactors is notoriously difficult to predict and control.
That’ll make ITER an extremely complex build. Its final reactor will weigh 23,000 tons, including 3,000 tons of superconducting magnets connected to each other by 200 kilometers of superconducting cables, all of which have to be kept cryo-cooled down to -269 degrees Celsius, as The Guardian reports.
“Constructing the machine piece-by-piece will be like assembling a three-dimensional puzzle on an intricate timeline [and] with the precision of a Swiss watch,” Bigot added.
The team behind the ITER project is optimistic about the tests they’ll be able to carry out using the massive reactor. By producing self-heating plasma, the team is expecting to generate ten times the heat than the input amount. In other words, the team wants to generate 500 megawatts — just shy of the output of the smallest currently active American nuclear power plant — from an input of just 50 megawatts.
ITER may be a massive international effort to make fusion energy a reality, but it’s not the only one. A large number of fusion startups in the US and abroad are trying to turn it into a commercially viable source of energy as well.
This is the most distant exoplanet Kepler ever found.
The exoplanet, discovered by NASA's Kepler space telescope, officially designated K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb. (Image credit: D. Specht et al, Kepler K2 )
NASA's Kepler space telescope has spotted a Jupiter look-alike in a new discovery, even though the instrument stopped operations four years ago.
An international team of astrophysicists using NASA's Kepler space telescope, which ceased operations in 2018, have discovered an exoplanet similar to Jupiter located 17,000 light-years from Earth, making it the farthest exoplanet ever found by Kepler. The exoplanet, officially designated K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb, was spotted in data captured by Kepler in 2016. Throughout its lifetime, Kepler observed over 2,700 now-confirmed planets.
"Kepler was also able to observe uninterrupted by weather or daylight, allowing us to determine precisely the mass of the exoplanet and its orbital distance from its host star," Eamonn Kerins, an astronomer at the University of Manchester in the U.K., said in a statement. "It is basically Jupiter's identical twin in terms of its mass and its position from its sun, which is about 60% of the mass of our own sun,"
The team, led by David Specht, a Ph.D. student at the University of Manchester, took advantage of a phenomenon known as gravitational microlensing to spot the exoplanet. With this phenomenon, which was predicted by Einstein's theory of relativity, objects in space can be seen and studied closer when the light from a background star is warped and thus magnified by the gravity of a closer massive object.
In hopes of using the warped light from a far-off star to detect an exoplanet, the team used three months of observations that Kepler made of the stretch of sky where this planet lies.
"To see the effect at all requires almost perfect alignment between the foreground planetary system and a background star," Kerins added in the same statement. "The chance that a background star is affected this way by a planet is tens to hundreds of millions to one against. But there are hundreds of millions of stars towards the center of our galaxy. So Kepler just sat and watched them for three months."
The team then worked with Iain McDonald, another astronomer at the University of Manchester who developed a new search algorithm. Together, they were able to reveal five candidates in the data, with one most clearly showing signs of an exoplanet. Other ground-based observations of the same stretch of sky corroborated the same signals that Kepler saw of the possible exoplanet.
"The difference in vantage point between Kepler and observers here on Earth allowed us to triangulate where along our sight line the planetary system is located," Kerins said.
Aside from the excitement of discovering an exoplanet with an instrument no longer even in service, the team's work is notable because Kepler was not designed to discover exoplanets using this phenomenon. It is important to note, however, that, in 2016, Kepler's mission was extended. In 2013, after two reaction wheel failures, it was proposed that Kepler be used for a K2 "second light" mission that would see the scope detecting potentially habitable exoplanets. This extension was approved in 2014 and the mission was extended way past the scope's expected end date until it eventually ran out of fuel on Oct. 30, 2018.
"Kepler was never designed to find planets using microlensing so, in many ways, it's amazing that it has done so," Kerins said, adding that upcoming instruments like NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope and the European Space Agency's Euclid mission, could be capable of using microlensing to study exoplanets and will be able to further such research.
"Roman and Euclid, on the other hand, will be optimized for this kind of work. They will be able to complete the planet census started by Kepler," Kerins said. "We'll learn how typical the architecture of our own solar system is. The data will also allow us to test our ideas of how planets form. This is the start of a new exciting chapter in our search for other worlds."
This discovery was described in a study posted March 31 to the preprint server ArXiv.org and has been submitted for publication in the journal the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Email Chelsea Gohd at cgohd@space.com or follow her on Twitter @chelsea_gohd. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.
SCIENTISTS INVENT “PROFOUND” QUANTUM SENSOR THAT CAN PEER INTO THE EARTH
SCIENTISTS INVENT “PROFOUND” QUANTUM SENSOR THAT CAN PEER INTO THE EARTH
"THIS IS AN ‘EDISON MOMENT' IN SENSING THAT WILL TRANSFORM SOCIETY."
GETTY/FUTURISM
Gravitational
A major breakthrough in quantum sensing technology is being described as an “Edison moment” that could, scientists hope, have wide-reaching implications.
A new study in Nature describes one of the first practical applications of quantum sensing, a heretofore largely theoretical technology that marries quantum physics and the study of Earth’s gravity to peer into the ground below our feet — and the scientists involved in this research think it’s going to be huge.
Known as a quantum gravity gradiometer, this new sensor developed by the University of Birmingham under contract with the United Kingdom’s Ministry of Defense is the first time such a technology has been used outside of a lab. Scientists say it’ll allow them to explore complex underground substructures much more cheaply and efficiently than before.
While gravity sensors already exist, the difference between the traditional equipment and this quantum-powered sensor is huge because, as Physics World explains, the old tech takes a long time to detect changes in gravity, has to be recalibrated over time, and can be thrown off by any vibrations that occur nearby.
This new type of highly sensitive quantum sensor, on the other hand, is able to measure the minute changes in gravity fields from objects of different sizes and compositions that exist underground — such as human-made structures buried by the eons, tantalizingly — much faster and more accurately.
Hitting Gold
In a press blurb, the University of Birmingham’s Kai Bongs, who heads the UK Quantum Technology Hub in Sensors and Timing, said that the “breakthrough” presents “the potential to end reliance on poor records and luck as we explore, build and repair.”
“This is an ‘Edison moment’ in sensing that will transform society, human understanding and economies,” Bongs added.
Along with applications for both archaeologists and engineers who want to find out what’s below the surface of the Earth, this new quantum sensor will also, scientists hope, help predict natural disasters like volcanoes.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:SF-snufjes }, Robotics and A.I. Artificiel Intelligence ( E, F en NL )
05-04-2022
NASA gaat nieuwe boodschap naar aliens sturen
NASA gaat nieuwe boodschap naar aliens sturen
Het is bijna 50 jaar geleden dat de mensheid de Areciboboodschap de ruimte instuurde via de Areciboradiotelescoop in Puerto Rico. Het bericht was in 1974 bedoeld voor eventueel intelligent buitenaards leven. NASA wil nu opnieuw zo’n boodschap versturen.
Redactie
In de radioboodschap staat in binaire code waar ons zonnestelsel zich ergens in de melkweg bevindt. Naast gedigitaliseerde afbeeldingen van het zonnestelsel en het aardoppervlak, zitten er ook gedigitaliseerde beelden bij van een man en een vrouw.
Daar hangt ook een uitnodiging aan vast voor eventueel intelligent buitenaards leven om te antwoorden op de boodschap. Op die van 1974 is alleszins nog altijd niet geantwoord.
Ditmaal kan het bericht worden verstuurd vanuit twee opvolgers van de Areciboradiotelescoop in Puerto Rico: de zogenaamde ‘Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope’ in China en de Allen Telescope Array van het SETI Institute in Noord-Californië.
De boodschap gaat naar een uitgekozen gebied van de melkweg dat volgens berekeningen de meest waarschijnlijke regio voor ontwikkeld leven is. De boodschap telt 13 pagina’s en kreeg de titel ‘Baken in de Melkweg’ mee. Het gaat om een basisinleiding in wiskunde, scheikunde en biologie en is sterk gebaseerd op het ontwerp van de Areciboboodschap en andere eerdere pogingen om met buitenaards leven in contact te komen.
“De motivatie voor het ontwerp was om zoveel mogelijk informatie over onze samenleving en de menselijke soort in een zo klein mogelijke boodschap over te brengen”, verklaart Jonathan Jiang van NASA. “Met verbeteringen in de digitale technologie kunnen we veel beter doen dan de Areciboboodschap in 1974.”
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