In a week, an asteroid will break into Earth’s orbit: NASA

by SunniyaZ

This month, an asteroid the size of the Eiffel Tower is hurtling towards Earth, and experts are calling it a very remarkable chunk of rock. Because of its closeness to Earth, the asteroid 4660 Nereus is designated as a possibly dangerous object. NASA anticipates it to be at its closest point to Earth in 20 years on Dec. 11. In 1982, the asteroid was found.

The 4660 Nereus is a 330-meter asteroid in the shape of an egg that will pass within 2.5 million miles of Earth during the next week, according to astronomers.

Even though it sounds like a long way away, it’s just around 10 times farther away than the moon, which is considered close by cosmic standards. A near-Earth object is an asteroid or comet that approaches within 30 million miles of Earth’s orbit, according to NASA.

Nereus has been recommended as a destination for a space mission several times, according to Forbes, because of its egg form, size, and orbital route around the sun, it is a perfect asteroid to explore. Researchers regarded Nereus as a strong possibility for a rendezvous mission as early as 2009.

We’ll talk about it in this article. In a week, an asteroid will break into Earth’s orbit: NASA So, in order to satisfy your curiosity, let’s get right into it.

Six months is insufficient time to prepare for an asteroid collision

The simulation’s fake asteroid was dubbed 2021PDC. According NASA’s scenario, it was first discovered on April 19 and has a 5% probability of crashing with Earth on October 20, six months after its detection.

However, on Day 2 of the experiment, updated impact-trajectory estimates revealed that the 2021PDC would almost probably hit Europe or northern Africa. The participants in the game evaluated a variety of missions in which spacecraft may try to kill or redirect the asteroid from its course. However, they determined that such missions would not be able to get off the ground in time to avoid the asteroid’s collision.

We would not be able to launch any spacecraft on such short notice with present capabilities if confronted with the 2021PDC hypothetical scenario in real life, the panelists added. They also explored employing a nuclear explosive device to detonate or disturb the asteroid. They discovered that deploying a nuclear disruption mission might greatly lower the chance of impact damage.

• Related: Why is Nasa smashing a spacecraft into an asteroid with the Dart mission?

The majority of asteroids go unnoticed, and many are discovered too late.

It’s tempting to believe that scientists would discover an asteroid similar to 2021PDC with considerably more notice than six months in the actual world. However, the world’s surveillance of near-Earth objects (NEOs) is grossly inadequate.

A NEO is space rock with an orbit that brings it within 125 million miles of the sun. However, NASA’s Johnson stated in July that “we’ve only detected approximately a third of the population of asteroids out there that potentially pose an impact threat to the Earth.

Of course, mankind wants to prevent a similar surprise to that one the dinosaurs experienced 65 million years ago when a 6-mile-wide asteroid collided with the Earth. However, scientists have missed several massive, deadly objects that have come near in recent years.

In July, a 3-mile-wide shard of space ice called Comet Neowise came within 64 million miles of Earth. Nobody knew the comet existed until it was found approaching four months before by a NASA space telescope.

In 2013, a meteor with a diameter of 65 feet entered the atmosphere at a speed of 40,000 miles per hour. It erupted without warning above Chelyabinsk, Russia, blasting a shockwave over the region, shattering windows and damaging structures. More than 1,400 individuals were injured as a result of the accident.

• Related: Asteroid Bennu surface rocky according to the new NASA report

NASA is experimenting with strategies to thwart an asteroid.

NASA has looked at what choices scientists would have if they discovered a deadly asteroid heading for Earth. Detonating an incendiary material near the space rock, as recommended by the exercise participants, or shooting lasers at the asteroid to heat and melt it enough to change its direction are two possibilities.

Another option is to send a spaceship up to collide with an approaching asteroid, knocking it off course. This is the strategy that NASA is most committed to The FDA plans to conduct a test of this technology later this year. In the fall of 2022, the Double Asteroid Redirection Test will launch a spacecraft to the asteroid Dimorphos and intentionally crash it.

Dimorphos’ orbit may be altered as a result of the impact, according to NASA. While the asteroid poses no threat to Earth, the expedition might demonstrate that diverting an asteroid with adequate advance time is conceivable.

• Also read: What would happen if asteroid Apophis hit Earth in 2022?

How many asteroids near Earth have been detected so far?

More than 19,000 near-Earth asteroids had been detected as of the start of 2019. Every week, an average of 30 new discoveries are made. The 15,000th near-Earth asteroid was discovered on October 13, 2016, marking a 50 percent increase in the number of known near-Earth asteroids since August of that year, when discoveries surpassed 10,000.

Since 1998, when NASA started its Near-Earth Object Observations Program and began tracking and documenting them, more than 95 percent of these objects have been found through NASA-funded surveys. The Center for NEO Studies at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory keeps track of asteroid discoveries.

Conclusion 

Astronomers were busy collecting measurements of the asteroid Apophis during its most recent flyby, which occurred in early March. Later calculations allowed NASA scientists to declare on March 26, 2021, that Earth is safe for at least the next 100 years from a collision with the moderately massive asteroid.

Radar readings at NASA’s Beatty Deep Space Communications Complex in Florida and the Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia have ruled out a collision in 2068, the only year in the next 100 with modest risk. Impacts during the forthcoming flybys in 2029 and 2036 have been ruled out by previous observations.

Resent posts

• What asteroid has the highest chance of hitting Earth?

• When will asteroid bennu hit Earth?

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07-12-2021 om 01:21 geschreven door peter  

Actual Image of Real World WARP Bubble.

Credit: Dr. Harold G. White, Limitless Space Institute

Warp drive pioneer and former NASA warp drive specialist Dr. Harold G “Sonny” White has reported the successful manifestation of an actual, real-world “Warp Bubble.” And, according to White, this first of its kind breakthrough by his Limitless Space Institute (LSI) team sets a new starting point for those trying to manufacture a full-sized, warp-capable spacecraft.

“To be clear, our finding is not a warp bubble analog, it is a real, albeit humble and tiny, warp bubble,” White told The Debrief, quickly dispensing with the notion that this is anything other than the creation of an actual, real-world warp bubble. “Hence the significance.”

THEORETICAL WARP DRIVES AND SCIENCE VISIONARIES

In 1994, Mexican Mathematician Miguel Alcubierre proposed the first mathematically valid solution to the warp drive. More specifically, he outlined a spacecraft propulsion system previously only envisioned in science fiction that can traverse the cosmos above the speed of light without violating currently accepted laws of physics.

That solution was lauded for its elegant mathematics, yet simultaneously derided for its use of theoretical materials and massive amounts of energy that appeared virtually impossible to engineer in any practical way.

Over a decade later, this theory underwent a major shift, when Dr. White, a then NASA-employed warp drive specialist and the founder of the highly respected Eagleworks laboratory, reworked Alcubierre’s original metric and put it into canonical form. This change in design dramatically reduced the exotic materials and energy requirements of the original concept, seemingly providing researchers and science fiction fans alike at least a glimmer of hope that a real-world warp drive may one day become a reality. It also resulted in the informal renaming of the original theoretical design, a concept now more commonly referred to as the “Alcubierre/White Warp Drive.”

Since then, The Debrief has covered a number of physicists and engineers taking their own stabs at designing a viable warp drive, including an entire group of international researchers working on a warp drive that requires no exotic matter. However, like Alcubierre and White before them, the warp concepts of these would-be visionaries all still remain theoretical in nature.

Now, it appears the situation has changed.

TIMING IS EVERYTHING, ESPECIALLY AT WARP SPEED

It is often said that timing is everything. Therefore, it is not surprising that back when Dr. White began his latest DARPA-funded research into custom Casimir cavities (a unique, micro-scale structure with all types of promising applications), he definitely did not expect to stumble upon this potentially historic discovery, particularly one supporting a theoretical concept that has often defined his public persona.

“Some work we’ve been doing for DARPA Defense Science Office is the study of some custom Casimir cavity geometries,” explained White at the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) Propulsion Energy Forum in August of 2021, an event attended by The Debrief. “In the process of doing that work, we kind of made an accidental discovery.”

Without going into the complicated physics behind Casimir cavities and the tantalizing quantum-scale forces often observed in these unusual structures, it suffices to say that they are in no way related to warp drive theory or mechanics. At least, they never had been before. But, says White, it is work that he and his LSI team are passionate about, and something DARPA believes has a number of possible applications.

So, whether by pure coincidence or some sort of personal destiny, it appears that one of the handful of engineers on the planet who would immediately know what it was he was looking at when conducting his Casimir cavity research was in the exact right place at the exact right time to notice a striking similarity to his warp drive passion project and his current research, an observation that may have otherwise gone unseen.

“I think this is a great example of sometimes you are doing work for one reason, and you find something else you really didn’t expect to find,” said White at the AIAA conference.

Therefore, in this particular case at least, it seems that timing was indeed everything.

PEER REVIEW AND CONFIRMATION OF WARP BUBBLE

“While conducting analysis related to a DARPA-funded project to evaluate possible structure of the energy density present in a Casimir cavity as predicted by the dynamic vacuum model,” reads the actual findings published in the peer-reviewed European Physical Journal, “a micro/nano-scale structure has been discovered that predicts negative energy density distribution that closely matches requirements for the Alcubierre metric.”

Or put more simply, as White did in a recent email to The Debrief, “To my knowledge, this is the first paper in the peer-reviewed literature that proposes a realizable nano-structure that is predicted to manifest a real, albeit humble, warp bubble.”

This fortuitous finding, says White, not only confirms the predicted “toroidal” structure and negative energy aspects of a warp bubble, but also resulted in potential pathways he and other researchers can follow when trying to design, and one day actually construct, a real-world warp-capable spacecraft.

“This is a potential structure we can propose to the community that one could build that will generate a negative vacuum energy density distribution that is very similar to what’s required for an Alcubierre space warp,” explained White.

A PROPOSED PATH FORWARD

To further evaluate his groundbreaking results and move the research forward, White and his team have come up with a proposed design for a testable, nano-scale “warp drive craft.”

“Specifically,” said White during the AIAA presentation, “a toy model consisting of a 1-micron diameter sphere centrally located in a 4-micron diameter cylinder was analyzed to show a three-dimensional Casimir energy density that correlates well with the Alcubierre warp metric requirements.”

“This qualitative correlation,” he adds, “would suggest that chip-scale experiments might be explored to attempt to measure tiny signatures illustrative of the presence of the conjectured phenomenon: a real, albeit humble, warp bubble.”

White expanded further on that idea in yet another email to The Debrief. 

“This is a potential structure we can propose to the community that one could build that will generate a negative vacuum energy density distribution that is very similar to what’s required for an Alcubierre space warp.”

When asked by The Debrief in December if his team has built and tested this proposed nano-scale warp craft design since that August announcement, or if they have plans to do so, White said, “We have not manufactured the one-micron sphere in the middle of a 4-micron cylinder.” However, he noted, if the LSI team were to undertake that at some point, “we’d probably use a nanoscribe GT 3D printer that prints at the nanometer scale.” In short, they have the means, now they just need the opportunity.

There is “no plan to do this currently,” explained White, as “we are laser-focused on the custom Casimir cavities.”

Nonetheless, after proposing this further path for future research, White and his team have also outlined a second testable experiment that involves stringing a number of these Casimir-created warp bubbles in a chain-like configuration. This design, he said, would allow researchers to better understand the physics of the warp bubble structure already created, as well as how a craft may one day traverse actual space inside such a warp bubble.

“We could go through an examination of the optical properties as a result of these little, nano-scale warp bubbles,” explained White at the AIAA conference. “Aggregating a large number of them in a row, we can increase the magnitude of the effect so we can see (and study) it.”

CRAWL, WALK, RUN

Given that DARPA is paying the LSI Eagleworks lab to explore Casimir cavities and not the accidental discovery of a warp bubble, regardless of its potentially staggering implications (at least, not yet), it is not surprising that White and his team remain “laser-focused” on the work at hand. Plus, given the sometimes secretive nature of work funded by groups like DARPA, even if White and his team were planning to conduct the two tests outlined once their current project is completed, it may not be immediately made public until another significant breakthrough is cleared for publication.

(Note: White confirmed to The Debrief that the current DARPA-funded research is not classified, hence his freedom to publish the warp bubble result. However, the normally forthcoming researcher was more tight-lipped when asked whether or not any future, potentially DARPA-funded work on a nano-scale warp bubble spacecraft might be in the offing once this current work is finished.)

In the end, especially given the magnitude of this discovery and its potential implications, White believes it is only a matter of time before his mini-warp craft is designed and tested, a milestone that he believes will slowly but surely move the whole process toward the ultimate goal of a warp-capable spacecraft.

“This discovery allows us to identify a real structure that can be manufactured that will manifest a real warp bubble,” White explained to The Debrief.

When asked by The Debrief how quickly a successfully-tested nano-scale “craft” like the experimental one his team proposed could be scaled up to something that can actually be flown in space, he offered a more realistic approach to this research, along with an almost poetic piece of hard-earned advice.

“It is early to ask questions about some type of actual flight experiment,” said White. “In my mind, step one is to just explore the underlying science at the nano/micro scale,” before moving toward a larger craft.

Or put more simply, as White did to end that same email, “Crawl, walk, run.”

{ https://thedebrief.org/ }

06-12-2021 om 22:40 geschreven door peter  

ANOMALIES In The SCHUMANN RESONANCE And In The Earth’s MAGNETIC FIELD

The Schumann Resonance has skyrocketed in the past couple of months, and researchers don’t seem to find a solid reason for what’s happening. The Earth’s magnetic field is also weakening, and scientists don’t know the reasons for this.

So much is happening in this century and people all over the world are starting to feel these changes. A great transition is upon us but there is also a danger for everything that is happening on Earth, starting with climate change, a danger that involves not only humans, but the whole planet, our only home.

Without the earth’s magnetic field we could not live. This complex and dynamic force protects us from the radiation found in space and solar winds. It is generated by the core of the Earth, a central Heart or Sun which is about 3,000 kilometers below our feet, which, like a conductor, generates electric currents and etheric waves.

The problem is that in the last 200 years the magnetic field has lost about 9% of its strength. The large, weakest region is found in Africa and South America and is often referred to as the “South Atlantic Anomaly”.

Over the past five years, a second center of least intensity has emerged in southwestern Africa, indicating that the South Atlantic Anomaly could split into two separate cells. Scientists from the Swarm Data, Innovation and Science Cluster (DISC) are using data from ESA’s Swarm satellite constellation to better understand this anomaly. These satellites are designed to accurately identify and measure the different magnetic signals that make up the earth’s field.

Jürgen Matzka, of the German Research Center for Geosciences, says: “The new eastern low of the anomaly has appeared in the last decade and has been developing vigorously in recent years. We are very fortunate to have the Swarm satellites in orbit to study their development. The challenge now is to understand the processes in the Earth’s core that drive these changes. ”

ANOMALIES IN SCHUMANN RESONANCE

As mentioned above, the Earth has a central Sun or Heart therefore a heartbeat that emits a pulsating electromagnetic field. It is called the “Schumann Resonance” and envelops all living things in a natural and constant frequency, pulsing at exactly 7.83 Hz for thousands of years.

For the A̳n̳c̳i̳e̳n̳t̳ Rishi Indians, this number had a special meaning, as it was identified with the frequency of OM, the sacred and cosmic sound in the Hindu religion. As you are about to see, it now has special significance for all who are becoming aware of this great shift taking place.

For the Western world, the Schumann resonance represents the frequency of the earth’s electromagnetic field. It has pulsed steadily at 7.83Hz with very little variation since it was predicted in 1952.

That all changed in June 2014 when the Russian Space Observatory system showed a sudden surge in activity, peaking at 8.5Hz and even reaching 16.5Hz on some other days.

The researchers were really baffled by this anomaly which had never been recorded before and were unsure how to interpret it. Stacked on top of this dilemma, other unusual peaks have recently been detected, surprisingly rising to over 30Hz, far above the milestone set in 2014. So what to do with this sizable jump in Schumann resonances?

What researchers can mutually agree on is that these changes clearly mean a change of some kind. It is now believed that humans, who have resided in a latent state for thousands of years, are awakening to a greater reality where thoughts will materialize almost in an instant.

The Schumann resonance and the change that has been taking place in recent years are some of the best evidence we have of this change. It has long been suspected that human beings acting at the level of “collective consciousness” may impact the structure of the magnetic field and create disturbances (or some influence) in it, such as the recently detected spikes. This is usually amplified during times of a high spike in states of anxiety, passion, or tension.

This is all based on the fact that the Schumann frequency is “in tune” with the alpha and theta states of the human brain. These rising resonances naturally correspond to the activity of human brainwaves, which means that if Mother Earth is regulating her vibration frequency, then we might as well, especially due to our bond with her.

Another thing to keep in mind is the acceleration of time that has been felt by a growing number of people lately. Since the planet is pulsing at a more careful rate, it could also mean that this is affecting time itself, speeding it up.

So why do we feel that time passes faster than usual?

The reason is apparently related to the acceleration of the Schumann Resonance which makes us perceive a period of 24 hours as about 16 hours. We know that the “heartbeat of the Earth” is accelerating, and after thousands of years with a rigid notion of time, where a full day counted 24 hours, the accelerating “heartbeat” of the Earth is making us feel only two thirds of that. temporal quantity, due to our unconscious adjustment to this New Age frequency.

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06-12-2021 om 22:17 geschreven door peter  

China moon rover will investigate cube-shaped 'mystery' object on lunar far side

Is that a boulder? Or something else?

 Amanda Kooser 

The Yutu-2 rover is on a roll. It's been exploring the far side of the moon since early 2019 as part of China's Chang'e-4 lunar lander mission. It now has its eyes set on a strange-looking cube-shaped object it spotted in the distance.  

Andrew Jones, a journalist who covers the Chinese space program for SpaceNews and Space.com, highlighted a new rover update in a series of tweets Friday. The nickname for the cube-shaped object translates to "mystery house." 

Ah. We have an update from Yutu-2 on the lunar far side, including an image of a cubic shape on the northern horizon ~80m away from the rover in Von Kármán crater. Referred to as "神秘小屋" ("mystery house"), the next 2-3 lunar days will be spent getting closer to check it out. pic.twitter.com/LWPZoWN05I

— Andrew Jones (@AJ_FI) December 3, 2021

The rover team is planning to drive over and get a closer look at the object.

As with Yutu-2's intriguing discovery of a "gel-like" substance inside a crater in 2019, don't get too excited for aliens. That substance turned out to be glassy-looking rock. And as far as I know, Stanley Kubrick never planted a monolith on the real moon, and those metal sculptures that were once all the rage on Earth haven't made the trek across space.  

Yutu-2's view of the cube is fuzzy and far-off, so the object's true nature should become clearer as the rover gets closer. The most likely explanation is a boulder. This part of the moon is pockmarked with impact craters, which can feature quite a bit of chunky debris.

The Chang'e-4 mission represents the first surface exploration of the far side of the moon. The rover's work has helped scientists learn about what's happening with the geology under the lunar surface.   

Don't look to Pink Floyd's The Dark Side of the Moon for scientific information about the lunar far side. China's rover is solar-powered, so it periodically goes into hibernation when it's dark and then gets back to work when the sun is out in the Von Karman crater.

According China Daily, Yutu-2 has already traveled 2,756 feet (840 meters) across the moon. Its next jaunt should shed some light on the "mystery house."

• First published on Dec. 3, 2021 at 10:08 a.m. PT.

{ https://www.cnet.com/ }

06-12-2021 om 16:32 geschreven door peter  

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06-12-2021 om 16:15 geschreven door peter  

Proof that Humans are Not Alone

Ancient Astronaut Theory has existed in popular culture for nearly 50 years, asking the question whether extraterrestrials visited Earth in the remote past.  

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

06-12-2021 om 15:35 geschreven door peter  

A new dinosaur that had a tail similar to a weapon that the Aztecs once used has been found and it is very odd. The new species, which has been named Stegouros elengassen, looked like a mix between a stegosaur and an ankylosaur.

Described as being a “very weird” dinosaur, paleontologists unearthed the remains in Chile – specifically in rocks that date back between 74.9 and 71.7 million years during the Cretaceous Period. The skeleton, which was around 80% complete, was very well preserved. In an interview with Live Science, Alexander Vargas, who is a vertebrate paleontologist in the Department of Biology at the University of Chile, described the skeleton by stating that “it’s weird, because it’s articulated [the bones are in order] from the waist down, and everything from the waist up was kind of scattered.” This may have been because it died near a river or even in quicksand but that theory hasn’t been proven yet.

(Not the Stegouros elengassen)

What’s so unusual about the 6.5-foot-long (2 meters) ankylosaur was that it had a deadly armored tail that looked like an Aztec war club as Mr. Vargas explained, “The tail would have looked like a sword; it’s so flat,” adding that it was “a bit like an Aztec sword, or the Aztec club called the macuahuitl.” It is the shortest tail of any armored dinosaur and contained seven paired flat and big osteoderms – the first two pairs were situated near its body while the others were merged together into a deadly flat weaponized tail.

“We all know tail clubs, we all know the tail spine, but this is a new lineage … a Southern Hemisphere lineage that evolved a third kind of tail weapon,” Mr. Vargas added.

Another interesting discovery the researchers made regarding the Stegouros elengassen involved the evolution of ankylosaurs. Those living in the northern supercontinent Laurasia were very different than the ones inhabiting the southern supercontinent Gondwana (Stegouros elengassen lived in Gondwana).

(Not the Stegouros elengassen)

Mr. Vargas detailed the Stegouros elengassen in greater detail, noting that it had a “rather large head with a narrow, curved beak, which is not common for ankylosaurs.” “It has slender limbs. … It doesn’t have pointed claws; it has rounded, hoof-like claws on both hands and feet.” Additionally, its pelvis was very similar to that of a Stegosaur. Their study was published in the journal Nature where it can be read in full.

A re-enactment of the Stegouros elengassen moving its tail and pictures of what it would have looked like can be viewed here.

The newly described ankylosaur Stegouros elengassen displays its weaponized tail. 

(Image credit: Gabriel Diaz Yantén)

A 3D sculpture of Stegouros elengassen shows the armored dinosaur's curved beak, slender limbs and fern frond-like tail. 

(Image credit: Lucas Jaymez)

An illustration of Stegouros elengassen, which died by the water, possibly in quicksand. 

(Image credit: Luis Pérez López)

Stegouros elengassen depicted in its paleoenvironment, with plants reconstructed from fossils at nearby levels, typical of this region of Gondwana. 

(Image credit: Mauricio Álvarez)

Chilean paleontologists Sergio Soto (pictured here) and Alexander Vargas co-led the 19-person team who took part in the study. 

(Image credit: Contributed)

A 3D sculpture of the newly described armored dinosaur species Stegouros elengassen.

(Image credit: Lucas Jaymez)

A digital reconstruction of the unique tail weapon of Stegouros elengassen. Different colors signal separate bones; many bones were fused into a single unit (liliac). 

(Image credit: José Palma and Joao Francisco Botelho)

Paleontologists found about 80% of Stegouros elengassen's skeleton. 

(Image credit: Francisco Hueichaleo)

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06-12-2021 om 15:10 geschreven door peter  

Welcome to Italy's 'dinosaur trove'! Remains of up to 11 creatures are uncovered near Trieste dating back 80 million years - including the biggest and most complete dinosaur EVER found in the country

• The biggest and most complete dinosaur ever found in Italy has been discovered
• Fossilised bones belonging to species Tethyshadros insularis found near Trieste
• Researchers at University of Bologna said the dinosaur lived 80 million years ago
• First skeleton found was identified as 'dwarf' species but new study disputes this

By SAM TONKIN FOR MAILONLINE

The biggest and most complete dinosaur ever found in Italy is among the remains of up to 11 such creatures uncovered by paleontologists.

Fossilised skeletons belonging to the species Tethyshadros insularis were discovered at a site called Villaggio del Pescatore near Trieste.

Researchers said the dinosaur lived on an island of the European archipelago in the Tethys Ocean 80 million years ago.

Fossilised skeletons belonging to the species Tethyshadros insularis (pictured in an artist's impression) were discovered at a site called Villaggio del Pescatore near Trieste

The skeleton of Bruno, an adult Tethyshadros insularis described in this new study

It had been believed that the first Tethyshadros insularis skeleton found at the site was a 'dwarf species', but the latest study by the University of Bologna disputes this.

The team of experts said 'Antonio', as the first skeleton was dubbed, was actually a young dinosaur after discovering another one named 'Bruno' that was bigger in size and may still have been growing at the time of its death.

Geologists had previously said the Villaggio del Pescatore site, dubbed a 'dinosaur trove', was part of an island in the middle of a 'proto-Mediterranean' ocean called Tethys.

This led to experts incorrectly identifying Antonio as a 'dwarf' species because they thought it was an example of the so-called 'island rule' — the evolutionary miniaturisation of bigger animals in an insular environment due to the scarcity of resources.

Skeletal reconstructions of the two Tethyshadros insularis dinosaurs, with the younger specimen nicknamed 'Antonio' above and the older, newly-described skeleton of 'Bruno' below

The bones of 'Antonio' under the microscope, showing the bone cells (black, circled dots). The fossilised bone tissues were analysed to calculate the age of the dinosaurs at the time of death

The study found there were at least seven and probably 11 dinosaurs at Villaggio del Pescatore

The study found there were at least seven and probably 11 dinosaur skeletons at Villaggio del Pescatore, as well as the remains of fish, crocodiles, flying reptiles and even small crustaceans. 

It also suggests that the site is about 10 million years older than previously thought, dating back around 80 million years to the Cretaceous period.

At that time, what is now north-eastern Italy was a land facing a vast ocean but connected to western Europe and Asia. 

This means that not only small islands made up the ancient Mediterranean, but many migratory routes for large terrestrial animals like the dinosaurs might have been possible across land bridges of what we nowadays call Italy.

The research has been published in the journal Scientific Reports.

The skull of 'Bruno', the newly described skeleton of the dinosaur Tethyshadros insularis

The paleontological site of Villaggio del Pescatore, with experts working to extract the fossils from the 'dinosaur trove'

KILLING OFF THE DINOSAURS: HOW A CITY-SIZED ASTEROID WIPED OUT 75 PER CENT OF ALL ANIMAL AND PLANT SPECIES

Around 66 million years ago non-avian dinosaurs were wiped out and more than half the world's species were obliterated.

This mass extinction paved the way for the rise of mammals and the appearance of humans.

The Chicxulub asteroid is often cited as a potential cause of the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event.

The asteroid slammed into a shallow sea in what is now the Gulf of Mexico.

The collision released a huge dust and soot cloud that triggered global climate change, wiping out 75 per cent of all animal and plant species.

Researchers claim that the soot necessary for such a global catastrophe could only have come from a direct impact on rocks in shallow water around Mexico, which are especially rich in hydrocarbons.

Within 10 hours of the impact, a massive tsunami waved ripped through the Gulf coast, experts believe.

Around 66 million years ago non-avian dinosaurs were wiped out and more than half the world's species were obliterated. The Chicxulub asteroid is often cited as a potential cause of the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event

(stock image)

This caused earthquakes and landslides in areas as far as Argentina. 

While investigating the event researchers found small particles of rock and other debris that was shot into the air when the asteroid crashed.

Called spherules, these small particles covered the planet with a thick layer of soot.

Experts explain that losing the light from the sun caused a complete collapse in the aquatic system.

This is because the phytoplankton base of almost all aquatic food chains would have been eliminated.

It's believed that the more than 180 million years of evolution that brought the world to the Cretaceous point was destroyed in less than the lifetime of a Tyrannosaurus rex, which is about 20 to 30 years.

Read more:

• An Italian dinosaur Lagerstätte reveals the tempo and mode of hadrosauriform body size evolution | Scientific Reports

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06-12-2021 om 14:31 geschreven door peter  

Paleontologists in Italy have uncovered up to eleven skeletons belonging to a dinosaur species that lived approximately 80 million years ago. Included in these remains is the largest and most complete dinosaur that has ever been discovered in the country.

The bones, which belonged to a dinosaur species named Tethyshadros insularis, were unearthed at a location called Villaggio del Pescatore which is close to the Italian city of Trieste. It is believed that the creature inhabited one of the European archipelago islands in the Tethys Ocean.

Tethyshadros insularis was a type of herbivorous Hadrosauroid that grew as long as 13 feet (4 meters) and weighed as much as 350 kilograms (772 pounds). It had a long skull, short neck, short tail, and long legs (especially its shin bones). With the proportions of its body along with the reduced number of fingers, it probably ran on two legs.

(Not the Tethyshadros insularis)

Among the dinosaurs found was a young one named “Antonio” – this was the first one that was discovered and was previously believed to have been a “dwarf species” but new studies conducted by the University of Bologna have indicated that it was just a juvenile. Since the site where the bones were found was once part of an island, experts initially thought that the creatures were a “dwarf species” because of the “island rule” which meant that animals living on islands became smaller in size due to the lesser amounts of resources.

Another dinosaur named “Bruno” was larger than “Antonio” but might have still been in the process of growing when it died. In total, there were at least seven dinosaurs that were unearthed, but researchers say that the number is probably eleven.

Since the site is 80 million years old – 10 million years older than previously believed – terrestrial animals like the dinosaurs may have been able to cross land bridges in what we know today as being Italy.

(Not the Tethyshadros insularis)

In addition to the dinosaurs, researchers found the remains of flying reptiles, crocodiles, fish, and small crustaceans. Their study was published in the journal Scientific Reports where it can be read in full.

Pictures of the skeletons as well as what Tethyshadros insularis would have looked like can be seen here.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

06-12-2021 om 14:01 geschreven door peter  

Meet Ameca: 'World's most advanced' humanoid robot is unveiled in a UK lab with eerily realistic facial expressions and movements

• The 'world's most advanced' humanoid robot has been unveiled in a UK lab

• Machine, named Ameca, has eerily realistic facial expressions and movements

• It's been designed by British company Engineered Arts and revealed on YouTube

• Company has not said how much the robot cost to make; it is still in development

By SAM TONKIN FOR MAILONLINE

It may bear a somewhat uncanny resemblance to the terrifying creation in the Will Smith blockbuster I, Robot.

But this machine is actually real and has been billed as the 'world's most advanced' humanoid.

Named Ameca, it was created in a British lab and has eerily realistic movements and facial expressions.

Impressive: It may bear a resemblance to the terrifying creation in the Will Smith blockbuster I, Robot. But this is actually real and has been billed as the 'world's most advanced' humanoid

Named Ameca, it has eerily realistic facial expressions and movements and has been created in a British lab

Cornwall-based Engineered Arts, which brands itself 'the UK's leading designer and manufacturer of humanoid entertainment robots', unveiled the machine on YouTube to much excitement.

Many viewers expressed their amazement at how realistic and human-like the machine is. 

One user wrote: 'I know we're supposed to be scared of AI, but this is the first gynoid that hasn't creeped me out. It's pretty cool.'

Another said: 'It's the eyes. People take for granted how important eyes are when it comes to something looking alive.

'The rapid movement, the focus, the blinking, the attention they seem to pay to whatever is grabbing their attention.'

A third added: 'I seriously thought this was CGI at first. Great work! The hands look really well done too.'

Some people compared Ameca to the NS-5 series from I, Robot, a 2004 science fiction film starring Will Smith that sees intelligent robots fill public service positions in a dystopian world.

In the clip, the robot is seen warming up its shoulder, before opening its eyes and expressing a rather convincing look of shock or surprise. 

It even blinks multiple times and observes its machine arm with curiosity. 

Engineered Arts, which brands itself 'the UK's leading designer and manufacturer of humanoid entertainment robots', unveiled the machine on YouTube to much excitement 

Many viewers expressed their amazement at how realistic and human-like the machine is

The preview ends with Ameca reaching out its hand and admiring its combination of mechanical limbs and ligaments, actuators, and sensor arrays. 

It is certainly realistic and at the forefront of its field in terms of its expressions, but the next challenge will be enabling these robots to walk around.

Engineered Arts said it was still a long way off that, but added that the face is housed on a 'human-like artificial body (AI x AB)' that boasts a 'powerful Tritium robot operating system'.

It has not revealed how much the robot cost to make as it is still in development. 

In the clip, the robot is seen warming up its shoulder, before opening its eyes and expressing a rather convincing look of shock or surprise

It even blinks multiple times and observes its machine arm with curiosity

(pictured)

Some people compared Ameca to the NS-5 series from I, Robot (pictured), a 2004 science fiction film starring Will Smith that sees intelligent robots fill public service positions in a dystopian world

Ameca follows the development of Sophia, which first emerged in 2016, and was a super-intelligent human-like head with a realistic face that was able to blink, look from side to side and talk.

The humanoid robot, created by Hong Kong firm Hanson robotics, is able to chat, smile mischievously and even tell jokes.

The robot made history in October 2017 when it became legal a citizen of Saudi Arabia.

Engineered Arts hopes Ameca will offer people a glimpse of the future because it 'represents the forefront of human-robotics technology'.

'Designed specifically as a platform for development into future robotics technologies, Ameca is the perfect humanoid robot platform for human-robot interaction,' the company said on its website.

'We focus on bringing you innovative technologies, which are reliable, modular, upgradable and easy to develop upon.' 

Engineered Arts was formed in 2005 and its first robot was a mechanical 'Thespian' for the stage. 

WHO IS SOPHIA THE ROBOT?

In October 2017, Sophia was granted citizenship in Saudi Arabia

Sophia first emerged in 2016 as a super-intelligent human-like head with a realistic face that was able to blink, look from side to side and talk.

The humanoid robot, created by Hong Kong firm Hanson robotics, can chat, smile mischievously and even tell jokes.

The robot made history in October 2017 when she became legal a citizen of Saudi Arabia.

The stunt made Sophia the world's first robot to be granted legal citizenship.

While Sophia has some impressive capabilities, she does not yet have consciousness.

Hanson Robotics claims fully sentient machines could emerge within a few years.

Sophia herself has insisted 'the pros outweigh the cons' when it comes to artificial intelligence.

'Elders will have more company, autistic children will have endlessly patient teachers,' Sophia said.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

05-12-2021 om 22:42 geschreven door peter  

Humanoid robot “Ameca” set to make public debut in 2022. Expect Transhumanists to Demand Citizen Rights for Robots Soon to Follow

THE RISE OF THE MACHINES AND THE DOWNFALL OF MAN IS MUCH CLOSER THAN YOU THINK

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

05-12-2021 om 22:24 geschreven door peter  

Like NY, UFOs breaks India

Como en New York, volvieron aparecer las luces de ovnis centellas y esta vez ez en la India

Note peter2011:

• These lights remind me of multiple searchlights spinning at a certain frequency and shining into the sky. In the early 90's I experienced the same with a searchlight at a dancing Pharao in Halen, Belgium. It was such a real sight that people called the police and the Belgian Air Force sent 2 F16's to it. The resemblance is striking!
  

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

05-12-2021 om 22:05 geschreven door peter  

“Shocking images.” “Draw Your Conclusions.” “This is not a joke.”

Those types of headlines are sure to draw in readers and viewers, so the Colombian media sprinkled them liberally in their coverage of a UFO sightings recorded by a popular celebrity and reality show judge – two characteristics that also attracted attention to a video that appeared to be picked up and reported on by multiple media sites. What did César Escola see to earn that much coverage?

“To bother with my new cell phone, I started to record the landing of the two planes, so when I record the second plane, I start to look at the video again, as one normally does to see how it turned out. But there was a moment that my eye, after having worked so long on television, detected something strange and I began to search in slow motion. I want you to give your opinion and draw your own conclusions.” (Google translation)

A re-creation of the UFO sighting?

César Escola is a Colombian-Argentine musician, composer, television presenter and reality show judge on “Yo me llamo” (My name is). He claims that on November 26 he was at the El Dorado International Airport in Bogota waiting for his flight and decided to play with smartphone by recording planes landing. Reviewing the videos, his ‘trained’ eye picked up some blurred motion from right to left, so Escola played with the video speed slowed down. What he saw was not something his ‘trained’ eye could identify, as he posts on Instagram.

“Strange object in El Dorado? Help me understand? I share with you what happened to me yesterday 11/26/21.”

“What will it be?”

“Above all, what the authorities think officers. ” (Google translation)

What will it be? Take a look for yourself here or here (on a network TV show with appropriate music) and “draw your own conclusions.”

Many of the conclusions first point out that César Escola is a multimedia star and currently a judge on a reality show, so he has a lot of products that could benefit from this kind of ‘celebrity UFO’ publicity. The prevailing theory is that Escola’s ‘trained’ eye did not recognize a bug flying through his field-of-view but not in the same focal point as the landing planes. He says he’ll make the video available to “authorities” but he’s a celebrity – why didn’t he rush to the authorities while he was at the airport and have the control tower look at the radar?

For comparison purposes — a bug

Sorry, Cesar … unless you have more evidence, this sounds like an episode of “I’m a Celebrity … Let Me See if I Can Fool the Public With a UFO Video and Get Some Media Face Time.” No joke.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

05-12-2021 om 21:49 geschreven door peter  

Footprints that were made 3.7 million years ago were initially thought to have been made by an ancient bear, but new analysis has revealed that they were instead made by an ancient human ancestor.

The most famous set of Laetoli footprints were made by adult A. afarensis and discovered in 1978.

(Flickr: Tim Evanson)

Located in Tanzania, Laetoli trackway is a well known site for the thousands of footprints that have been found over the years. There are about 18,400 tracks that have been made by numerous animals that include giraffes, hyenas, and ostriches, as well as ancient hominins that walked on two legs.

Millions of years ago, an ancient ancestor of ours walked on two legs along volcanic ash that eventually turned into rock. These footprints were discovered at Laetoli “Site A” back in 1978. They were initially described as being left by a bear; however, new analysis has completely turned that explanation around.

The new study, which was conducted by Ellison McNutt who is an anthropologist at Ohio University, along with colleagues, compared the prints to those made by bears (Ursus americanus), chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and humans.

Interestingly, they found that the prints were completely different from others that were made by another hominin species at an area close by. Footprints that were discovered at Sites G and S were left by the Australopithecus afarensis species (“Lucy” belonged to this group). They were made by individuals who were between 111 and 168 centimeters in height.

But the ones made at Site A were made by a smaller individual measuring about 100 centimeters tall – perhaps they were left by a child. In fact, whoever made the footprints is still an unknown hominin species.

The Site A footprints did resemble those left by a bear as they showed a foot that was short but very wide – even the heel was wide. The impression revealed a big toe with a second toe that was almost as long. But the experts were able to rule out bears and chimpanzees as they have heels that are narrower. Additionally, there weren’t any claw marks that would have been left behind if it was a bear.

Another interesting feature was that its big toe pointed out towards the side of the foot which may indicate that the species gripped tree branches with its toes. It also appeared to have a raised ridge which is another characteristic of tree-climbing species. Furthermore, the individual walked in an odd cross-stepping pattern with one leg crossing over the other. The research was published in Nature where it can be read in full.

A picture of the footprint can be viewed here.

Mystery footprint (l) compared to A. afarensis (r) at Laetoli.

(McNutt et al., Nature, 2021)

This photo shows Anjali Prabhat and Jeremy DeSilva, associate professor of anthropology at Dartmouth, excavating Site A footprints at Laetoli, Tanzania. Prehistoric footprints that have puzzled scientists since the 1970s are getting a second look: Were they left by extinct animals or by human ancestors? When famed paleontologist Mary Leakey first uncovered the footprints in Tanzania 40 years ago, the evidence was ambiguous.

Credit: Shirley Rubin via AP

In this photo from video, Ellison McNutt collects data from a juvenile female black bear (Ursus americanus), who walks bipedally, unassisted through the mud trackway at Kilham Bear Center in Lyme, N.H. Prehistoric footprints that have puzzled scientists since the 1970s are getting a second look: Were they left by extinct animals or by human ancestors? When famed paleontologist Mary Leakey first uncovered the footprints in Tanzania 40 years ago, the evidence was ambiguous.

Credit: Jeremy DeSilva/Dartmouth College via AP

Dr. Mary D. Leakey, of the National Geographic Society in Washington, Feb. 24, 1978 holds hands near a picture of a footprint found at Laetolil, Tanzania. It is believed the track belongs to a hominid who lived between 34 and 3-¾ million years ago and was about 4-foot tall. rehistoric footprints that have puzzled scientists since the 1970s are getting a second look: Were they left by extinct animals or by human ancestors? When famed paleontologist Mary Leakey first uncovered the footprints in Tanzania 40 years ago, the evidence was ambiguous.

Credit: AP Photo/File

This undated photo from video shows the left footprint from one of the juvenile male black bears. Prehistoric footprints that have puzzled scientists since the 1970s are getting a second look: Were they left by extinct animals or by human ancestors? When famed paleontologist Mary Leakey first uncovered the footprints in Tanzania 40 years ago, the evidence was ambiguous.

Credit: Ellison McNutt/Dartmouth College via AP

The underside of a bear's paw looks a bit like a broad human foot — except for the fur and claws.

(Getty Images: Gail Shotlander)

Did Australopithecus afarensis live alongside a mystery cousin in what is now Tanzania?

(Getty Images: Tim Boyle)

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

05-12-2021 om 21:31 geschreven door peter  

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS

Group Of UFO "Orbs" Sighted Over The South China Sea At 39,000 Feet. November 24, 2021

Sorry guys i told you in the video that this happen on the 11th, That was wrong.

THIS HAPPEN ON THE 24th OF NOVEMBER.

The witness stated the following: "South China sea, 9 lights visible in video, then it becomes 12 lights in formation, closest object disappears then 3 more objects reappear on outside of formation. Filmed at 39,000ft over the South China Sea, lights all then slowly vanish."

SOURCE: MUFON/UFO Stalker: Case Number 119564

• https://ufostalker.com/sighting/11956

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

05-12-2021 om 20:57 geschreven door peter  

UFOs Over Turkey On April 23, 2021, UFO Sighting News.

 

Date of sighting: April 2021
Location of sighting: Turkey

 

Watch as this eyewitness in Turkey records two dark black disks. I say disks because you can actually see them wobble slowly. The dark disks must have been seen by others, because there is all hell breaking loose on the ground with sirens and yelling below. This is 100% proof that UFOs have a high interest in Turkey. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

Eyewitness states: 

Also, I don't think harp planes etc can rotate around their own axis. confirmed, friends, I can't go into much detail, but we talked to an expert in this field from turkey for 30 minutes on the phone. It could also be the subject of a documentary to be shared with foreign sources, first, I'm sharing it myself for fun. don't take it too seriously believe what you want to believe.

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

05-12-2021 om 18:36 geschreven door peter  

Alien Signals Coming From Colorado Lake, UFO Sighting News.

Date of discovery: Dec 4, 2021
Location of discovery: Steamboat Springs, Colorado

 

Updated just now: Colorado TV New channel is now talking about it...video below. 

 

This video was recently posted by an employee of the Colorado Parks and Wildlife service on Twitter. The person was baffled by the strange Star War sounds coming from the lake. White sphere UFOs have been recorded and eyewitnesses by thousand of residents of Colorado over the last few years. The signals point to there being an alien base deep below the lake, which amplifies the sounds below due to it being frozen...it acts like an amplifier. Alien bases are never small. Most are 3-6km deep and cover an area of about 5km and even have their own weather system...with chances of rain. This is 100% proof of an alien base below this lake in Colorado. But...if signals can travel up from the alien base, then it would also work to send signals back down to the base. A loud enough speaker placed in a dug out 1 meter deep ice hole at the center of the lake would be sufficient to send them a sonic signal. But...what would you say? In the wrong hands, it could cause an alien military response. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

05-12-2021 om 18:24 geschreven door peter  

Ever since we started gazing up at the night sky above us and were first aware that there was something out past the planet we live on we have looked to the stars and wondered what lies out there and whether we are alone in the universe. Philosophers, thinkers, and scientists alike throughout history have contemplated this since time unremembered, looking out to the vast sea of stars and pondering what might lie out there. In modern times, the stars themselves have given us strange clues about the nature of the universe, and have even at times hinted at the answer to our question of whether we are alone in the universe, and here are some of the most baffling and bizarre of all.

By far the most well-known weird star that has attracted stories of alien influences is the one called Tabby’s star, also known as Boyajian’s star and occasionally jokingly known as the WTF star. In 2015, scientists noticed unusual fluctuations in the light from a star with the rather dry and scientific sounding name KIC 8462852, located in the constellation Cygnus, about 1,480 light-years from Earth. Mostly it is just a rather ordinary F-type star, meaning it is slightly larger and hotter than our sun, but it would soon turn out that there was something definitely odd going on with this one. When various data collected on the star by NASA’s Kepler space telescope, which is designed to detect exoplanets, astronomer Tabetha “Tabby” Boyajian, of Yale University, noticed that KIC 8462852 would sporadically dim in brightness by up to 22%, with such dips lasting anywhere from a few days to a week and with no obvious explanation. These dimming events did not seem to follow any discernible pattern or rhythm, and were not consistent with what one would expect to see with normal activity such as planets or dust crossing the star.

At the time it was rather bewildering, with no other known example of a star with such a unique and bizarre dimming phenomenon, and astronomers scrambled to try and explain it. Ideas included that it was an uneven ring of dust orbiting the star, fluctuating luminosity caused by uneven heat transfer or cooling of its photosphere, a swarm of disintegrated comet fragments, a field of asteroids, a series of giant planets with very large ring structures, a planetary debris field created by the remnants of a destroyed planet or moon, and others, but none of these fully fit the observed data, and without any other examples there was nothing to compare it to. But why have all of these boring explanations when you can have aliens? Perhaps the most controversial and at the same time fascinating hypothesis is that the dimming phenomenon is caused by some vast megastructure built around the star by an advanced, intelligent alien civilization, and here’s where things get interesting.

The main thrust of this idea is that the star could be surrounded by a hypothetical megastructure called a Dyson sphere, so immense that is partially or completely encompasses the star. First proposed in 1960 by the mathematician and physicist Freeman Dyson, these Dyson spheres would hypothetically be built around a star to harness its energy in order to power the technology and civilization of an extraterrestrial race, and they are theorized as taking the form of either a shell or scaffolding around the star, or globular swarms of giant solar panels orbiting it. Dyson saw this as almost inevitable for any advanced space going civilization, and would write:

One should expect that, within a few thousand years of its entering the stage of industrial development, any intelligent species should be found occupying an artificial biosphere which completely surrounds its parent star.

In this scenario, the dimming could be caused by either the structure passing over the star’s face to block its light, creating the weird dimming, or by blasts of infrared caused by the radiating heat of the energy the aliens did not use, sort of like an energy exhaust port. Although this was just conjecture and really one of the last explanations scientists were entertaining, the media snapped it up and soon Tabby’s Star was all over the news as the star with aliens around it, and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) was enamored enough with the idea to make it a prime target for searching for radio signals from aliens. They got no particularly odd signals from there, but considering we are seeing what the star looked like 1,480 years ago perhaps the aliens are just no longer there. After further analysis it is believed that it is likely caused by dust, debris, or the disruption of an orphaned exomoon, although scientists have not fully taken the alien megastructure hypothesis off of the table.

Interestingly, in later years it has turned out that Tabby’s Star is not so completely unique after all, and there have been a few others found with comparable unexplainable dimming patterns and events. One of these is the star KIC 4150611, which also had an odd flickering that hasn’t been explained, as well as the star EPIC 204278916, and the star VVV-WIT-07, with “WIT” amusingly standing for “What is This?”, which has mysteriously dropped up to 80% in brightness at times and has been called a “one in a billion object” by astronomers. More and more of these so-called “dippers” are being found all of the time. Edward Schmidt, an astrophysicist and emeritus professor of astronomy at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, has extensively studied and mapped such stars, amassing a list of more than a dozen flickering stars like Tabby’s Star. These stars have different patterns and speeds of flickering, with some being “slow dippers” while others are “rapid dippers,” but all are so far beyond any conventional explanation. While Schmidt, like other astronomers, is trying to find rational answers, he has not dismissed the possibility that extraterrestrial intelligences could be to blame, and has said of these mysterious stars:

The thing that surprised me the most were these stars that had so many dips, the ones I called ‘rapid dippers.’ I expected more occasional dips like Boyajian’s star. I intend to try and follow up on the rapid dippers. One thing I noticed about them is that at least one seemed to be slowing way down in its dipping rate over the five years of coverage we have of it. It’d be interesting to find out what happened in its past, which may help give a better idea of what’s going on with these stars. Many explanations for these stars is that something is passing in front of them, but the fact that the stars all fall within a narrow range of properties suggests that may not be it. Extraterrestrial intelligence is a low-probability explanation but it’s a possibility, and the SETI people ought to be looking at these stars.

What is going on with these stars? No one really seems to know for sure. It’s not only changes and anomalies in the brightness of these stars that suggest possible alien activity, but also the spectrum of their chemical elements. In 1960, Polish-Australian astronomer Antoni Przybylski was studying fast-moving stars in southern skies when he saw one that caused him to note “No star should look like that.” The star itself is hotter than our sun, as well as twice the diameter and four times the mass, but what surprised Przybylski was that it harbored a chemical spectrum that seemed to be impossible. Each star has a spectrum that shows the imprint left by its chemical components, and this can be detected with our instruments, but this star had a highly unusual mix of chemicals unlike any other. There were detected strontium and all 15 rare Earth elements, which is not so unusual, but there are also radioactive elements such as neptunium, plutonium, and curium, and the problem is that these radioactive elements should not be there. Jason Wright, a professor of astronomy and astrophysics at Pennsylvania State University, has explained of this, “These are all short-lived elements—they have half-lives of as little as a year or so. But the star has been there for millions of years, so the elements should have decayed away.”

So how did this happen? Some of the more rational scientific explanations include that these elements are being pulled up to the surface by magnetic fields and radiation pressure from below, or that they are somehow being bombarded onto the star by some outside cosmic phenomenon. It could also be that the star passed through an interstellar cloud which contained these elements, or that it devoured a planet that had a high concentration of them. Or it could be aliens. That’s more fun, let’s talk about that. There has been speculated the possibility that the presence of these anomalous elements could be because a spacefaring alien civilization is intentionally dumping them there. The hypothesis is that extraterrestrials from one of the star’s planets could be using their sun as a dumping ground for their radioactive waste, simply launching it into the star to dispose of it. The idea itself is not so far-fetched, as even here on Earth the idea of launching nuclear waste into the sun has been proposed occasionally in the past but was considered too expensive and impractical. Perhaps this race has figured out a way to do it, and that is why these elements are present there. Is this an alien garbage dumping ground or is there a more rational explanation? Who knows?

Perhaps even stranger than flickering stars and those with anomalous chemical balances are those stars that just seem to completely disappear for no explainable reason. Throughout historical and contemporary astronomical data, there have been around 100 stars or at least star-like celestial objects that have just sort of vanished without a trace under observation. They are called “red transients” or more colloquially “vanishing stars,” due to the fact that they typically start off as dim red dots, before experiencing a burst of brightness, up to several thousand times their starting luminosity and then completely disappearing as if they were never there. This usually happens within one hour, and it has been completely baffling astronomers.

A team led by Beatriz Villarroel, from Stockholm University and the Institute of Astrophysics of Canarias in Spain, discovered the phenomenon during a search of astronomical records looking for vanishing objects in the night sky in a project called Vanishing & Appearing Sources during a Century of Observations (VASCO). They have been studying the phenomenon of red transients since 2017 and have ruled out the explanations that they are asteroids, fast-moving stars, or stars that have just moved out of view. These are something else, although what that could be is up for debate. The thing is, stars don’t just spontaneously disappear. When a star dies off, it is a long, slow process of turning into a white dwarf star and fizzling out, or exploding into a supernova, which would definitely leave a trace behind. There is nothing to explain how one could just completely vanish without a trace within the space of an hour, and so scientists have been scratching their heads trying to find an answer. Some ideas are that the phenomenon is caused by massive solar flares emanating from red dwarfs, or that they were sucked into a black hole, but yet another explanation has of course been aliens. Villarroel would say in an article in the Astronomical Journal:

Unless a star collapses directly into a black hole, there is no known physical process by which it could physically vanish. If such examples exist this makes it interesting for searches for new exotic phenomena or even signs of technologically advanced civilizations.

Just like in the cases of the other strange stars we have looked at here, the scientists are not eager to embrace the alien theory, but nor can they completely rule it out considering how bizarre and unprecedented the anomalies are. In the extraterrestrial scenario, it is thought that it could be caused by either massive lasers or heat waste from Dyson spheres. It is certainly a strange possibility, but in the absence of any concrete answers it has not been waved away. Nevertheless, the team is trying to eliminate all other possibilities before deciding on the alien hypothesis, and a co-author of their paper on the matter has said, “But we are clear that none of these events have shown any direct signs of being ETI (extraterrestrial intelligence). We believe that they are natural, if somewhat extreme, astrophysical sources.” However, whenever dealing with some new and inexplicable astronomical phenomenon the possibility that it just might be caused by aliens is always eerily hanging in the background. Andrew Siemion, director of the Berkeley SETI Research Center, has explained of the hypothesis of extraterrestrial influence on these phenomena:

It’s a fine line. We have no evidence for technologically capable life anywhere else in the universe. So one doesn’t want to immediately leap to that solution for any newly discovered astronomical phenomenon. But at the same time, one doesn’t want to neglect the possibility that it could be going on.

What is going on with these stars? As we penetrate further out into the cosmos we are encountering more and more weirdness like this all the time, so what could it all mean? Is this just mundane forces that can be explained away with more knowledge? Is it it all just normal forces at work or is there something more to it? Could there possibly be alien intelligences out there that could account for these anomalies? While scientists like to shy away from such answers, they are still hesitant to rule it out, and through these mysterious stars we might just see that the universe could hold deep mysteries that could answer our question on whether we are alone in it all. Time will tell, and in the meantime, these stars keep doing their mysterious dance, in some ways just as impenetrable and inscrutable as they were at the dawn of our consciousness that they even existed at all.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

05-12-2021 om 00:25 geschreven door peter  

Roswell UFO crash: What is the truth behind the 'flying saucer' incident?

By David Crookes , All About Space magazine

Space Mysteries: Did an unidentified flying object really crash land at a New Mexico ranch in 1947, only to be hushed up by the government?

Did an unidentified flying object really crash land at a ranch near Roswell, New Mexico? 

(Image credit: Getty Images )

There is a spaceship that looks like a flying saucer in Roswell. Thousands of motorists drive past it every day, and hundreds of people go inside. It’s on North Main Street in this southeastern New Mexico city, its metal skin gleaming as it basks in the glow of the sun. Its neon lighting burns into the retinas of those who view it throughout the evening, and it’s rather hard not to admire. After all, aside from its striking looks, who doesn’t fancy a burger every now and then? That’s right: This spacecraft is one of the city’s McDonald’s restaurants. 

So why is the building shaped that way? It’s not that far from the site of a mysterious incident which took place in 1947 — the day when a rancher discovered debris scattered around his sheep pasture, prompting speculation that an unidentified flying object, or UFO, had crashed there.

In June, or possibly early July 1947, William Brazel had woken for a normal day’s work on the J.B. Foster ranch in Lincoln County, New Mexico, 75 miles (120 kilometers) north of Roswell, when he made a shocking discovery. He found on the ranch "a large area of bright wreckage made up of rubber strips, tinfoil, a rather tough paper and sticks," Brazel said in an article published on July 8, 1947, in the Roswell Daily Record.

• Related: Blue UFO soars over Hawaii before crashing into the sea

Brazel hadn’t heard of flying saucers — at least not yet. Sightings, however, were coming in thick and fast around that time. On June 24, pilot Kenneth Arnold claimed to see nine unidentified objects "flying like a saucer would across water" near Mount Rainier, Washington. Arnold estimated that the objects were flying at around 1,200 miles per hour (1,930 kilometers per hour), Arnold was reported as saying in the East Oregonian, but at the time there were no known craft that could reach those speeds. The Air Force also said it had no new experimental planes or guided missiles that would fit such a description, according to a U.S. Department of Defense report. That story became front-page news, and the term "flying saucer was born, despite Arnold describing the flying objects as crescent-shape," according to New Scientist.

The country soon became gripped, as Brazel discovered. By July 7, policemen and astronomers were reportedly being harassed for further reports, this time by people from  New York and other eastern states, and that was the day Brazel decided to take action. He hand-delivered a box of accumulated debris, which he’d gathered with the help of his wife and two children, to Sheriff George Wilcox of Roswell, according to Smithsonian Magazine.

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By now there was talk of a reward for anyone who recovered one of these unidentified flying objects. In the Roswell Daily Chronicle, Brazel is stated to have "whispered kinda confidential-like" that his find may be one of the flying disks, so an equally intrigued Wilcox contacted Colonel William Blanchard, the commanding officer of the Roswell Army Air Field (RAAF), who sent agents to the site to gather the remaining material.

What happened next would cement the idea that the debris was the remnants of an alien spacecraft. According to David Clarke’s book "The UFO Files: The Inside Story of Real-Life Sightings", published by Bloomsbury in 2012, the RAAF’s public information officer Walter Haut issued a press release on July 8: "The many rumors regarding the flying disc became a reality yesterday when the intelligence office of the 509th Bomb Group of the Eighth Air Force, Roswell Army Air Field, was fortunate enough to gain possession of a disk through the cooperation of one of the local ranchers and the sheriff’s office of Chaves County

This was reported in the Roswell Daily Record along with the news that Major Jesse A. Marcel was the group intelligence officer dispatched to the scene. He’d gone with Counter Intelligence Corps officer Sheridan Cavitt, but on his way back took a detour to his own home, whipped out a couple of boxes of debris that he’d popped into the boot of his car and showed it to his 10-year-old son, Jesse Jr. One of the objects was said to have hieroglyphic-like markings, something that stuck in the mind of the young boy, according to a report in The Guardian.

But just as quickly as excitement of the find gathered pace, the Army took swift action in debunking the story. The very next day, shortly after government scientists began to arrive at the scene, it was claimed that the debris was actually from a crashed weather balloon, and Marcel was asked to be pictured at a press conference with the debris allegedly found. And that was that, case closed — or so everyone thought.

But interest began to grow again. In 1978, Nuclear physicist, author and UFO researcher Stanton Friedman interviewed Marcel, who said that the discovery made 31 years earlier was not from this world, and that the government had ordered him to keep quiet. Friedman revisited the incident and sought other witnesses, and his work inspired Charles Berlitz and William Moore to write "The Roswell Incident", published in 1980. Their conclusion was simple: there had been a huge cover-up. 

The flying saucer conspiracy begins 

Other things were happening in the world at the time. Notably, the sci-fi films "Star Wars" and "Close Encounters of the Third Kind" had just been released, and — as reported by The Times — studies since  have suggested that sightings and belief in UFOs rise when popular films and TV shows make their debut. Nevertheless, testimonies about that day in 1947 were forthcoming, and they continued to come for many years.

Glenn Dennis called a hotline shortly after an episode of "Unsolved Mysteries" featuring the Roswell incident aired in 1989. He suggested that a friend who worked as a nurse at the Roswell Army Air Field saw three alien bodies, according to TIME Magazine. But the real bombshell moment came in 1994. Could it be that the debris really was from an alien craft?

According to the U.S. Air Force, no. The weather balloon story was not true, but it wasn’t to hide the fact that little green men had visited Earth. The wreckage was actually that of a classified project that flew microphones on high-altitude balloons so that sound waves generated by Soviet atomic bomb tests could be detected. Called Project Mogul, it was said to have run between 1947 and 1949. What’s more, the balloons were claimed to have been made up of unusual material — the type that could easily be confused for a UFO. So, case closed? Not at all. 

"The ever-changing accounts gave rise to uncertainty," Kenneth Drinkwater, senior lecturer in psychology at Manchester Metropolitan University, U.K., who specialises in the anomalous and paranormal, said via email. "The first message that went out was unclear. Then they changed the message, and it led to suspicion that something was going on and being covered up. It gives rise to a feeling that something is being hidden from the general population, leading to speculation of possible conspiracy and possibly alien technology."

It’s why the Roswell files remain open in the eyes of many, and investigators put great value on the testimonies of those who were there, many of them respected military personnel. "Every member of Blanchard’s senior staff, with a single exception, suggested the craft was of alien origin," Kevin D. Randle, a retired lieutenant colonel of the U.S. Army Reserve who served in Vietnam and Iraq, told All About Space. "Major Edwin Easley, the base provost marshal, told me, when asked if we were following the right path — meaning extraterrestrial — that it wasn’t the wrong path."

The "single exception" is Cavitt, the retired lieutenant colonel of the Air Force who accompanied Marcel to the debris site. His careful testimony suggested that nothing untoward happened. He said he had never been threatened by anyone in government and that the debris wasn’t extensively scattered. Yet UFO investigators say that if the wreckage was Project Mogul, then this testimony doesn’t ring true. Mogul arrays were big, so the debris field would have been large.

"Everyone agrees that something fell at Roswell, but there is no terrestrial explanation," Randle told All About Space. "Project Mogul fails because the documentation tells us that flight number four — the alleged culprit — was cancelled. It did not fly. All other explanations have failed too: It wasn’t an aircraft accident, not a rocket from White Sands and not a regular weather balloon."

Over the past 40 or so years there have been new claims and fresh leads, adding to the mystery and keeping the Roswell files very much alive. UFO investigator Calvin Parker, for example, recently spoke of his time with Marcel before he died in 1986, claiming that Marcel  revealed that he’d hidden three pieces of metal from the crash site in the top of his water heater in his house. They have never been recovered, however.

Many UFO investigators are keen to stress that they don’t take every testimony at face value. Randle previously said that the credibility of Dennis must be discounted because of inconsistencies, and told All About Space that the accounts of military personnel are not simply accepted just because of their background. "There are some military witnesses who have been discredited as inserting themselves into the tale," Randle wrote via email. Likewise, there are civilian witnesses who are compelling.

"There are some very creditable civilian witnesses, such as Brazel and Frankie Rowe," said Randle. Rowe is certainly an interesting case. She was told of the crash by her father, a firefighter, who described creatures he had seen. According to Randle, Rowe said she was shown debris from the crash site, but had been told to stay quiet by the state. She says there was evidence her phone had been tapped. But of all of the witnesses, is too much weight being put on Marcel’s account?

"If Marcel was standalone then there would be some real problems here, but he is not. There are many credible witnesses — men who achieved high military rank, men and women who were prominent in their communities — who believe the craft was alien,” Randle said. "We have attempted to eliminate the fakers from those who had information to provide. We have been taken in, for a time, by some of those fakers, but in the long run it was we who investigated the case that removed many of those fakers, though based on evidence and not a belief there is no alien visitation. The point is that Marcel was backed up by other high-ranking officers, and many civilians who were part of the case. Marcel told what he had seen and done, and there was little embellishment in his testimony."

Randle appeared in the documentary, "Roswell: The First Witness". It follows the investigations of former CIA operative Ben Smith into Roswell, and a key part of the series is a journal found in Marcel’s possessions that was initially thought to have been written by him.

Speculation continues: Was the craft of alien origin?

It turned out that the journal — which consisted of quotes, lyrics and jokes — could be dated to the time of the Roswell incident, but the handwriting didn’t match Marcel’s. Smith pondered why the former army officer retained the journal, and there was speculation over whether it may have contained a code. If it did, however, it could not be deciphered by even the best of minds, according to the documentary. 

Smith also sought to discover what was written in a document held by Brigadier General Roger Ramey, Eighth Air Force commander, during the press conference. It was captured in a photograph taken by Star-Telegram reporter J. Bond Johnson, and ufologists have long wondered whether the words they struggle to make out refer to "victims of the wreck." As Smith found, however, even the best technology could not sufficiently clean the document enough to make the words readable, and they remain a source of debate.

• Related: Flying saucers to mind control: 22 declassified military & CIA secrets

There were other interesting explorations in the documentary series. A body-language expert examined video interviews of Marcel and said it appeared that he was telling the truth, at least as he saw it. Experts including aviation crash investigator David Soucie were also taken to examine the crash site. Interestingly, the wind currents in the area were found to be inconsistent with a lightweight balloon crashing in the way that was described. 

As the documentary continued, more evidence emerged. Crucially, there was a taped interview conversation between Marcel and author Linda G. Corley in which the military man discussed the items he found in 1947. "I found all this stuff and I was told to keep my mouth shut,” he told her. “I held on to this premium for 32 years without saying anything at all. See, I was an intelligence officer. I handled intelligence and security for the base. I still hold an allegiance to my country, the vow that I took to keep my mouth shut about everything that might encroach on military secrets."

Just as compelling was an account from the family of Patrick Saunders, the 509th adjutant who is likely to have known about the whole event. He had apparently told people that it wasn’t a weather balloon, but something similar to a jet fighter, that files were destroyed or changed and that the world wasn’t ready for the truth because it would cause social upheaval. Were the "beings" friendly, he was said to have pondered.

This kind of testimony — particularly the first-hand testimony of Marcel that was chronicled in Corley’s book, “For the Sake of My Country” — ensures the incident remains open. The fact the US government admitted there was a cover-up in 1994 only continues to add fuel to the fire. 

Yet Drinkwater says failure to provide physical evidence means anecdotal accounts have spread misinformation, and he remains in doubt. "Colonel John B. Alexander offers an excellent insight into the myths and possible conspiracies connected to UFOs, the Roswell incident, the government involvement and so on," he said. "I think it’s more about a sense of reality and how it can be swayed emotionally. I’m dubious about the nature of a secret operation where many might not have known about the goings on at their level."

So what of those who likely know: presidents past and present, perhaps? Former president Donald Trump told his son Don Jr. in an interview on YouTube in June 2020 that he’d heard some "interesting things" about aliens, thereby ensuring speculation will continue for some while yet.

"Would you ever open up Roswell and let us know what’s really going on," Don Jr. asked, to which Trump responded: "There are millions and millions of people who want to go there and want to see it. I won’t talk to you about what I know about it, but it’s very interesting." 

That’s something countless people will no doubt chew over if they happen to visit and find themselves in that extraordinary McDonald’s. Roswell is a town that will be forever linked to one of the greatest mysteries of all time, and we may never truly reach a consensus on the truth that is out there.

Additional resources:

• Expert Voices: I'm an astronomer and I think aliens may be out there
• Read more about UFOs and extraterrestrials
• The U.S. Air Force report on the Roswell Incident 

{ https://www.space.com/ }

04-12-2021 om 23:47 geschreven door peter  

In relation to the question I have posed at the top of this article, it’s not as easy as you might think. The biggest problem is that apart from a one-page FBI document on the Roswell case from 1947, there is nothing else to be seen or found in government archives. No documents. No files. No dossiers at the National Archives that we can read. Nothing. There are only (a) the memories of the families of the people who were at the site and at the time, and (b) the words of the very few who are still alive, and (c) the handful of military personnel who are just about hanging on. Despite several investigations into the Roswell affair in the 1990s (two by the U.S. Air Force and one by what used to be called the General Accounting Office, and what is now titled the Government Accountability Office), nothing appeared of substance. Just about everyone who has an interest in UFOs will know that back in the summer of 1947, something crashed to Earth outside of Roswell, New Mexico. The object was first described as a “Flying Disk,” and a day after that as nothing stranger than a weather-balloon. And that’s where things stopped and were largely forgotten until Bill Moore and Stan Friedman resurrected the mysterious affair in the mid-1970s. And, although a great deal of testimony is now on file, we still haven’t found a single, solid piece of anything; whether photos of dead bodies, old files or…well…anything.

Now, many might say that the reason why we haven’t been able to penetrate the secret of Roswell is because the U.S. Air Force has it all hidden away. However, I don’t believe that, at all. You’ll see what I mean by that. When, in the 1990s, the Air Force began to take a new look at Roswell, it worded its reports very carefully. I’ll explain that. Despite what many UFO researchers have said, the Air Force never stated that the answer to Roswell was a Top Secret, huge “Mogul” balloon designed to monitor for Russian atomic bomb-tests. What the Air Force actually said was that they suspected that the “Mogul” theory was probably the correct picture. It was very much the same when, in 1997, (the 50th anniversary of the incident), the Air Force brought out its “crash-test dummy” report that suggested that the “alien bodies” found not too far from Roswell in ’47 were really nothing but mannequins used in high-altitude flights. It’s important to note that the Air Force never said that the crash-test dummy theory was the answer. Rather, the Air Force said, the “dummy” angle was the likely answer. In other words, the Air Force came up with two theories. And that’s what they were: theories. But, not hard facts. Even the Air Force admitted that.

(Nick Redfern)

Crash-Test Dummies at Roswell? No.

If you read those two, aforementioned Air Force reports – along with the GAO report – and you read them carefully, you’ll see that the Air Force made it clear (albeit briefly) that there was no hard evidence to prove that the Mogul and dummy theories provided definitive answers. Now, some Ufologists might say that the Air Force was lying when they reeled out their 1990s-era reports; that the Air Force was hiding the alien truth. But, I don’t think the Air Force was lying. Not even in the slightest. In my opinion, the Air Force of the 1990s was completely out of the loop of Roswell. As was the GAO team. It may sound strange to suggest that the U.S. Force of the 1990s was not given access to the real story, whatever it was/is. But, such a thing is quite plausible. And, it all revolves around the issue of what are known in the U.S. government as Special Access Programs. Or, SAPs. It is within the domain of SAPs that secrecy so often resides. And, it’s highly likely that the truth of Roswell is hidden deep within the heart of a SAP that has overseen the  Roswell puzzle for decades. In essence, Special Access Programs are highly classified projects that are buried so deeply that not even the U.S. Congress knows much about them – if, indeed, anything at all. There is another important issue to note when it comes to Special Access Programs: just because a person may have a Top Secret clearance, it does not mean that he or she automatically has the “magic key” that opens just about every door in government, every secure facility, and every well-guarded underground bunker. In fact, quite the opposite is the case. On the matter of Special Access Programs, the concept of “need to know” is as significant as one’s level of security clearance.

(Nick Redfern)

Out at the Roswell Crash Site

Let’s say that, purely hypothetically, there is still  a secret Special Access Program that is sitting on the smoking-gun that would reveal the full story of the November 22, 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy in Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas. “John Smith” and “Bill Jones” may both have Top Secret clearances. Smith is tasked with hiding the truth of the death of the president. Jones, however, is an expert in North Korea’s plans to develop and deploy nuclear weapons. There would be no need for Jones to have access to the JFK-themed Special Access Program because it has no bearing on his work and expertise in the field of North Korea’s military. That both men have identical security clearances has no bearing, at all, when it comes to SAPs. In fact, it is wholly irrelevant. It all comes down to what a person needs to know to do their job, or, more specifically, what they don’t need to know. That is the way in which secrets are kept. In other words, the control that oversees what we can know, and what we can’t be told, doesn’t just apply to the public and the media. It also applies to the government itself.

In conclusion, and incredibly, what all of this means is that, just like us in the UFO research field, the U.S. Air Force has been denied access to the history, to the files, to the documents, to the photos, to the recovered whatever-it-was that crashed, and to the remains of the bodies. And, as a result, the Air Force – denied from being briefed on the real story and not given any access to the “Roswell Special Access Program”- did its very best by coming up with the Mogul and crash-dummy scenarios.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

04-12-2021 om 23:11 geschreven door peter