Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 11 MONTHS.
ON 06/05/2024 MORE THAN 1.972.210
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
10-11-2021
Amerikaanse bemande maanlanding ten vroegste in 2025
Amerikaanse bemande maanlanding ten vroegste in 2025
De Verenigde Staten gaan niet voor 2025 met een bemande missie naar de maan, maakte de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA dinsdag bekend. Dat betekent minstens een jaar vertraging voor het streven van de gewezen president Trump om in 2024 weer mensen naar de maan en terug te brengen.
Reden is onder meer de rechtszaak die ruimtevaartbedrijf Blue Origin van multimiljardair Jeff Bezos had aangespannen over de bouw van de NASA-maanlander. De Amazon-oprichter was het er niet mee eens dat SpaceX, het bedrijf van Tesla-topman Elon Musk, het toestel mag bouwen, maar hij verloor die zaak vorige week.
Eerder had de NASA al twijfel geuit over de haalbaarheid van 2024 omdat de ruimtepakken voor de astronauten niet op tijd klaar zijn. Ook de coronapandemie speelt een rol bij de vertraging van de Artemis 3-missie.
Het bedrijf van Musk ontwikkelt een vaartuig waarmee astronauten voor het eerst sinds 1972 weer voet op de maan moeten zetten. Het is de bedoeling dat in 2025 een vrouw en een niet-witte man op de maan landen. In een later stadium moet de planeet Mars bezocht worden.
Guys, I got some video from the US National Archives and found a doorway to hell at the base of a nuclear explosion test at Bikini Atoll in 1945. I also noticed three UFOs flying across the top of the explosion. Can you imagine the nuke test causing a doorway into another dimension, space or time or planet? An alien steps through that door into the heart of our atomic bomb test...and its vaporized! Welcome to Earth.
Scott C. Waring, please subscribe to my Youtube channel.
Hunters unearth new clues about Bigfoot’s cosmic origins. An Air Force veteran receives a shocking response when he reports UFO activity over Fairbanks. Piercing lights from above disrupt a late-night party near Wasilla, Alaska.
That Old “Second Sphinx” Chestnut Is Back – Is There or Is There Not A Hidden Sphinx?
That Old “Second Sphinx” Chestnut Is Back – Is There or Is There Not A Hidden Sphinx?
A tourism official in Egypt has been ridiculed by his peers after claiming a second giant statue of the famous Sphinx awaits discovery. This supposed second sphinx is causing quite a stir amongst Egyptologists who argue that it is all just a hoax.
Putting the Second Sphinx Claims in Context
We will reverse into this story after I tell you a tale about UFOs. Perhaps nothing antagonizes career debunkers and skeptics more than when a supposed “expert” or “official” in any given field skips over to the perceived dark side. This happened in February 2021 after astrophysicist Avi Loeb, Director of the Harvard Astronomy Department, told the New Scientist that the space rock Oumuamua was “maybe a piece of alien technology.”
As almost the entire scientific community facepalmed, as they watched a U.S. icon of logic and reason dive down the scientific rabbit hole, Loeb doubled-down, telling Scientific American that “aliens have visited, and I am not kidding.” Loeb is now leading the Galileo Project , searching for “extraterrestrial technological signatures of Extraterrestrial Technological Civilizations (ETCs).”
Returning to the story at hand, Reda Abdel Halim is the director of public relations for the Giza pyramids district at the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. Causing similar waves to Dr. Loeb in the U.S., Halim has told Cairo Live that he discovered “a statue in the pyramids area that is of similar size to the Sphinx.” In other words, he claims to have found a second sphinx.
Reda Abdel Halim has claimed that there is a second sphinx buried under the sand and that it is shaped like the Great Sphinx of Giza, pictured above.
Abdel Halim, just like Loeb, has also doubled down, hard. It’s one thing to casually speculate that astounding archaeology awaits discovery beneath the Egyptian sands. But Halim has gone so far as to say that the second sphinx is “73 meters (246 ft) high, with a head 20.5 meters (67 ft) high, and hands extended over 15.5 meters (50.8 ft).” In other words, it is shaped like the Great Sphinx of Giza .
When the tourist official was pressed for evidence related to his dramatic claims, he was ready with an apparently dynamite reference, a “scientific study” no less. Supposedly undertaken by a team of experts from Egypt’s Zagazig University, Halim claimed that the archaeologists conducting the study had “confirmed the existence of this statue.” Now Halim has made waves for “rediscovering” the second sphinx statue once more.
Reda Abdel Halim, director of public relations for the Giza Pyramids district at the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has claimed that there is a second sphinx.
What then does the greater archaeological community have to say about Abdel Halim’s incredible claim that a second sphinx is hidden under the sand? Well, that’s the thing, they say it is “incredible.” Very incredible in fact.
This idea, in its entirety, is nothing more than a “media fanfare” according to Zahi Hawass, the well-known former Minister of Antiquities. Hawass told Al-Monitor that the Great Sphinx of Giza “is unique in Egypt and the world.” He also said Halim’s reference to a study at the Zagazig University is also “false” and that nobody in Egyptological circles knows anything about the discovery of any such second sphinx.
At this stage of the story, it’s hard not to picture Halim with a shovel, in a pit, up to his neck. As hard as it might have been reading Dr. Hawass’s response to his claims, the enthusiastic Halim could have looked up humbly (from the pit) and said, “okay, I got carried away.”
When presented with such an uncomfortable situation, Halim could have chosen to climb out of the deepening rabbit hole. But Abdel Halim’s press return statement insisted the lost Sphinx featured on ancient writings carved into the original statue, but that they were “erased” to keep the second sphinx secret. A potential conspiracy theory was born.
Zahi Hawass on the left, one of the critics of the second sphinx claims, on a visit to the Great Sphinx of Giza with Barack Obama in 2009.
The Skeptics Bombing Run of “Baseless” Second Sphinx Claims
In military terms: Dr. Zahi Hawass was first to engage with the “bogie” (Abdel Halim) who courageously survived the first dog fight. However, over the horizon, a conceptual Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, a long-range, subsonic, jet-powered strategic bomber would bring shock and awe to the extraordinary claims of Halim.
The bomber came in the form of Professor Mohammed Hamza, the former dean of the faculty of archeology at Cairo University. Putting the story to bed, Dr. Hamza told Al-Monitor that “any talk about the discovery of a new Sphinx is completely baseless.” Does that mean that this latest second sphinx claim is just another archaeological hoax?
It is perhaps worth noting that at the alleged site of the second sphinx another statue was discovered in the past. However, Dr. Halim said it has “nothing to do with the original Sphinx.” Furthermore, if you have been reading Ancient Origins news over the last two years you will understand that perhaps the greatest fact refuting the second sphinx claim is that news of such a discovery would have been all over the news. The Egyptian Antiquities Authority never fails to turn even the smallest discoveries into a story, never mind a second sphinx !
Top image: The Great Sphinx of Giza. Claims of a second sphinx are causing a stir in Egyptological circles.
Archaeologist Discovers Swiss Roman Battle Site and 2,000-Year-Old Dagger
Archaeologist Discovers Swiss Roman Battle Site and 2,000-Year-Old Dagger
Sometimes experts can get it wrong. And that is what seems to have happened in the case of a Swiss Roman battle site from 2000 years ago. The new site was found between the towns of Tiefencastel and the Cunter thanks to the persistence of an amateur archaeologist. Using a metal detector, Lucas Schmid, who is a volunteer at the Graubünden Archaeological Service, found a Roman dagger in the remote south-eastern region of Switzerland near the Crap-Ses gorge, which was a solid piece of evidence for what was until then an unknown Swiss Roman battle.
Using a metal detector, Lucas Schmid, a hobby archaeologist, found a Roman dagger in the south-eastern region of Switzerland, which was a solid piece of evidence for what was an unknown Swiss Roman battle.
The Swiss Roman Battle Site: Revealed Artifacts for 20 Years
Although the site became known 20 years back and yielded many artifacts at the time, it was believed to have surrendered all its treasures over the years. However, local amateur archaeologist Lucas Schmid believed otherwise.
His tenacity paid off when, two years ago, he managed to uncover the well-preserved 2000-year-old Roman dagger . This alerted experts to the possibility that there were more artifacts at the site to uncover. The University of Basel then began a five-year research project with the federal government and the canton.
Swissinfo.ch reports that over the last two years archaeologists have found a rich haul of hundreds of artifacts including the dagger, well-preserved slingshot stones , coins, nails, and part of a shield that are assumed to have been left behind after a Swiss Roman battle between the Roman army and a local tribe. The battle took place between the Roman army and a local Rhaetian tribe in what is the present-day canton of Graubünden.
“It looks like the locals have holed up and were shot at by the Romans with slingshots and catapults,” Peter Schwarz, professor of Provincial Roman Archaeology at the University of Basel, said.
A sling lead with an inscription that suggests that the twelfth Roman legion was involved in the Swiss Roman battle against the local Celtic Helvetii tribes.
The Roman Conquest of Switzerland Leads to Local Battles
The area of what is now Switzerland was populated by numerous tribes, most of which were Celtic, before the Roman conquest. The Helvetii were the most numerous but there were many others including the Rauraci in north-west Switzerland based around Basel, and the Allobroges around Geneva. South of the Swiss plateau were the Nantuates, Seduni and Veragri in the Valais region, the Lepontii in the Ticino and the Raetians in the Grisons area.
The first part of Switzerland to fall to Rome’s armies was southern Ticino, annexed after the Roman victory over the Insubres in 222 BC. The last obstacle in the path of Roman control of the Alps as a shield to northern Italy were the Raetians. After a first expedition against them by Publius Silius Nerva in 16 BC, a more consistent campaign by Drusus and the later emperor Tiberius brought Raetia, and with it all of Switzerland, firmly under Roman control.
And it is around this time that the battle in Graubünden must have taken place. This would make it even more significant, considering that it may have been one of the last few skirmishes between the Roman forces and local Swiss tribal forces before the Romans established control over the entire Alps region .
The carefully protected Roman dagger that led to the discovery of the Swiss Roman battle site.
According to Arkeonews, archaeologist Thomas Reitmaier said 7,000 square meters (7,655 square yards) out of a total of 35,000 square meters (41, 859 square yards) have been combed so far and the process had led to several hundred Roman artifacts being found. “Among the objects found were hundreds of shoe nails, slingshots, coins, and fragments of a shield that could be assigned to a local,” Reitmaier added.
How many people died in the battle is not clear and to date no graves have been found. However, the area will continue to be searched over the next year for clues about what happened there 2000 years ago.
Meanwhile, Lucas Schmid can take pride in what his efforts two years ago have led to: research on such a large scale with the involvement of the University of Basel as well as the federal and canton governments. “Of course, I’m glad that what I’m doing is making a difference” he said, Arkeonews reports.
It is to be hoped that as the battlefield in Graubünden yields up more of its treasures that serve as records of past events, archaeologists will be able to paint a clearer picture of those events.
Top image: The Roman dagger found by an amateur archaeologist with a metal detector that revealed the “unknown” Swiss Roman battle site, where the twelfth Roman legion fought against local Celtic tribes.
Stonehenge Plaques Hold Secret Cultural Data, Says New Study
Stonehenge Plaques Hold Secret Cultural Data, Says New Study
Four Neolithic “chalk plaques” were discovered near Stonehenge between 1968–2017. A new study has shown that the ancient illustrations on the Stonehenge plaques are much more than just abstract patterns. The Stonehenge plaques were buried in a pit about 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) from England’s most famous ancient monument. English Heritagescientists have dated the plaques to between 2900 BC and 2580 BC. The new study has called these four ancient art works “some of the most spectacular chalk designs ever discovered in Britain.”
According to an article on Silent Earth , the plaque pit in which the artworks were discovered is located directly south of an entrance to the famous Cursus monument at Stonehenge, in Wiltshire, England. This is probably no coincidence and suggests some kind of connection between the chalk Stonehenge plaques and the Cursus, which was in use 500 to 820 years before the plaques were deposited in the nearby pit.
Examples of two-dimensional Neolithic artwork is a rarity in Britain, and chalk incisions, like these, are truly unique and unusual. The ancient chalk images discovered on the surface of the plaques have now been mapped by researchers at Wessex Archaeology and the full findings of the study were published in the journal Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society .
Since the first plaque was discovered in 1968, many archaeologists have been skeptical, maintaining that the chalk marks were mere random etchings. But now, using advanced imaging techniques, a team of scientists have revealed underlying “ geometric designs ” executed by artisans wielding “a range of artistic abilities,” according to the new study.
The reverse, back, side of the four Stonehenge plaques.
Aiming to “understand the creative process of these prehistoric artists,” professor of archaeology, Bob Davis, from the University of Cambridge, who led the new study, mapped the surfaces of each plaque using reflectance transformation imaging (RTI). This non-destructive scanning method means no physical contact with the artifacts was required, as it charted billions of data points pertaining to microscopic rises and dips of the surface texture of the plaques. The images show these points in different colors, representing highlights and shadows.
Plaque 1 shows the image of a twisted cord , which was the number one tool for farming, fishing, measuring, and building in the Neolithic period. The other three plaques demonstrate a kaleidoscope of apparently linear patterns. However, the new study demonstrates that these are interwoven with “deliberate, staged composition, execution and detail.” Having identified real world tools and conceptual elements (geometry) from Middle Neolithic culture, the paper suggests Late Neolithic Britain may have experienced a “golden age of chalk art .”
The lower part of Plaque 1 showing raw data under specular enhancement mode on the left and the engraved sequence on the right showing selected phases in red, dark blue, yellow, green, light blue and orange.
Neolithic Art Views Greatly Changed By the New Study
Until this new paper, archaeology was split over the content depicted on the chalk Stonehenge plaques. Many believed the linear patterns were random and contained no data whatsoever, while others maintained they were examples of hallucinogenic art under the influence of magic mushrooms . However, there has always been a faction of archaeologists that believed these plaques were much more than idle graffiti. Now, high technology has affirmed the last group’s suspicions demonstrating underlying meaning and “cultural significance” in the chalk Stonehenge plaques.
Co-author, archaeologist Phil Harding, first analyzed the plaques in the old analogue world, back in 1988. He said the modern analytical tools used in the new study offer deep new insights into the mindsets of the ancient people who made them, which they projected onto the ancient plaques with chalk.
Furthermore, another paper co-author, Matt Leivers, said the application of modern technology to the ancient artifacts allowed for not only a better understanding of the working methods of the Neolithic artists , but it also provided a rare glimpse into the artists’ “motivations.”
Having interpreted all of the lines and angles on the four plaques, the archaeologists concluded that they represent “an important cultural marker in the Neolithic period.” And with the twisted cord having been found marked on one plaque, it can be speculated that the Neolithic artists were inspired by everyday objects, trades and tools, just like today’s artists.
Top image: Two of the Stonehenge plaques, make of chalk, analyzed with high tech in the latest study.
MYSTERY WIRE - Jacques Vallée - Trinity UFO Crash in New Mexico
Hi all:
In this recent interview with French researcher Jacques Vallée by Mystery Wire’s George Knapp, Vallée made the firm assertion that the “avocado-shaped" craft that crashed in San Antonio, New Mexico, in August 1945 (near the Trinity nuclear test site) was taken over (or would have been taken over) by Project Manhattan - that is the Atomic Energy Commission. He says that there exists a report from the Atomic Energy Commission about the object, which was apparently in possession of a then (female) State of Washington Governor who had shown it to someone who had been instrumental in getting her elected. The report is not in the Air Force files, it is not in the CIA files, it is not in anybody’s files, and one will never have permission to have access to that level of classification unless one is really inside the atomic secrets, even the President would not need to be told about it unless there was something that came up specifically on that topic where it would be the Secretary of Energy who will have authority. Last summer, Vallée published his new book Trinity: The Best-Kept Secret which he co-wrote with journalist Paola Harris. According to the book description and press release, Vallée analyzed a piece of debris that one of the witnesses claims to possess.
Kind regards.
André
MYSTERY WIRE - Jacques Vallée - Trinity UFO Crash in New Mexico
The atomic age officially began in August 1945 when the world’s first atomic bomb was detonated in New Mexico at a place called Trinity. But something else happened near that site just a few weeks later. A local rancher and his children said an egg-shaped craft of unknown origin crashed into the desert. The ranchers who lived near the bomb site saw and felt the blast.
Gravitational-wave observatories have released their latest catalogue of cosmic collisions, bringing their total number of detections to 90. The new crop of 35 events includes one featuring the lightest neutron star ever seen, as well as two clashes involving surprisingly large black holes.
The detections come from the two Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) sites, in Louisiana and Washington State, and their sister detector, Virgo, in Italy. They were recorded during 21 weeks of operations, beginning on 1 November 2019, that racked up an average detection rate of one event every 4.2 days. Since then, the collaboration has expanded to include the KAGRA detector in Japan, which started making observations in February 2020. The LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA collaboration describes its results in a paper posted on the arXiv preprint repository1.
Gravitational waves are ripples in the fabric of space-time that are produced when large masses accelerate. Like the detections previously reported by LIGO–Virgo, the latest ones are all attributed to pairs of dense stellar remnants spiralling into each other and merging. The vast majority, including LIGO’s first historic detection in 2015, have involved pairs of black holes, but in a few cases one or both of the objects were neutron stars.
The collaboration initially released data on only high-confidence detections, but the latest catalogue — as well as the previous one, released in October 2020 — includes any detections that have better-than-even chances of being genuine gravitational waves. The team estimates that around 10–15% of the latest candidates in the catalogue are false alarms, “caused by instrumental noise fluctuations”.
This illustration shows merging two black holes.
Monster mash
From the shape and frequency of the waves produced by mergers, researchers can calculate the details of a host of features for the objects involved, including their masses and their distance from Earth. The latest 35 events varied in distance from roughly 245 million to more than 2.2 billion parsecs (800 million to more than 7 billion light years) away.
And they include some real monsters: two events involved black holes with masses more than 60 times that of the Sun. For astrophysicists, the mere existence of these black holes is problematic. Typically, black holes are thought to form from the collapse of a very massive star at the end of its life. But prevailing theories predict that some dying stars should explode rather than collapse, which should leave a dearth of black holes in the range of roughly 65–120 solar masses.
A merger that LIGO and Virgo picked up on 21 May 2019, revealed in last year’s catalogue, had already challenged that assumption because it involved a black hole of 85 solar masses. Now that the team has identified two more outlier events, it seems less likely that the earlier one was a fluke.
Alessandra Buonanno, a LIGO astrophysicist at the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics in Potsdam, Germany, says one possible explanation is that these massive black holes might have come about as a result of an earlier merger, rather than the collapse of a single star. “What we are seeing could be a second-generation binary,” she says.
The observatories spotted another intriguing event on 19 December 2019, involving a black hole 30 times the mass of the Sun swallowing a minuscule neutron star. At just 1.17 solar masses, it is the one of the lightest known neutron stars and the lowest-mass object ever detected by LIGO–Virgo. But Buonanno warns that this was one of the lower-confidence detections, so could represent background noise rather than a genuine event.
Pattern recognition
Another LIGO astrophysicist, Daniel Holz at the University of Chicago in Illinois, says that the bounty of black-hole mergers is getting large enough for researchers to be able to see patterns emerging. The most conspicuous of these is that black-hole mergers tend to happen more often in galaxies that are farther away from us in space and time2.
The upshot is that black-hole mergers have been getting less common as the Universe matures. “This is consistent with expectations from theory,” Holz says. “There were more stars being created earlier in the Universe, and therefore it is natural to expect that there would be more black holes created, and therefore more black-hole mergers.”
LIGO and Virgo shut down on 27 March 2020 — earlier than planned owing to the COVID-19 pandemic — and have been undergoing major upgrades. They are expected to reopen in late 2022 for another run of observations, which together with KAGRA could double the bounty yet again. Researchers expect that once they have hundreds of events to compare, they will be able to see trends that point to the origins and history of the binary systems involved in the mergers, as well as the history of the Universe itself. "When we get down to the end of that, it’s going to be amazing," says Holz.
Meanwhile, astronomers around the world are still hoping for a repeat of the August 2017 merger of two neutron stars, which is the only gravitational-wave event so far to have also been seen by conventional observatories.
Astrobiologists Call for New Framework in Search for Extraterrestrial Life
Astrobiologists Call for New Framework in Search for Extraterrestrial Life
The question of whether we are alone in the Universe has been a source of wonder for humanity for millennia or more. Advances in planetary sciences, astronomy, biology and other fields now leave us poised, as never before, to address this question with scientific rigor. Numerous challenges confront this endeavor, including challenges of perception and communication. Evidence of extraterrestrial life may be subtle or unfamiliar, and reveal itself only in stages, as one observing campaign informs the next. However, the search for such evidence is often framed as an all-or-nothing proposition: either a mission returns definitive evidence of life or it has fallen short of its objective. In a new paper published in the journal Nature, astrobiologists from NASA and the University of Maryland aim to motivate and seed the discussion with basic considerations and offer an example of how such considerations might be incorporated and applied in a proof-of-concept-level framework.
Our generation could realistically be the one to discover evidence of alien life.
Image credit: Fernando Ribas.
“Having a scale like this will help us understand where we are in terms of the search for life in particular locations, and in terms of the capabilities of missions and technologies that help us in that quest,” said NASA’s chief scientist Dr. Jim Green.
“The scale contains seven levels, reflective of the winding, complicated staircase of steps that would lead to scientists declaring they’ve found life beyond Earth.”
As an analogy, Dr. Green and his colleagues point to the Technology Readiness Level scale, a system used inside NASA to rate how ready a spacecraft or technology is to fly.
“Until now, we have set the public up to think there are only two options: it’s life or it’s not life,” said Dr. Mary Voytek, head of NASA’s Astrobiology Program at NASA Headquarters.
“We need a better way to share the excitement of our discoveries, and demonstrate how each discovery builds on the next, so that we can bring the public and other scientists along on the journey.”
The field of astrobiology pursues some of the most profound questions that anyone could ask, regarding our origins and place in the Universe.
As scientists learn more and more about what kinds of signals are associated with life in diverse environments on Earth, they can create and improve upon technologies needed to find similar signs elsewhere.
While the exact details of the scale will evolve as astrobiologists, communicators, and others weigh in, the team’s paper offers a starting point for discussion.
At the first step of the scale, ‘Level 1,’ astrobiologists would report hints of a signature of life, such as a biologically relevant molecule. An example would be a future measurement of some molecule on Mars potentially related to life.
Moving up to ‘Level 2,’ scientists would ensure that the detection was not influenced by the instruments having been contaminated on Earth.
At ‘Level 3’ they would show how this biological signal is found in an analog environment, such as an ancient lakebed on Earth similar to Jezero Crater, the landing site of NASA’s Perseverance rover.
To add evidence to the middle of the scale, scientists would supplement those initial detections with information about whether the environment could support life, and rule out non-biological sources. For Mars in particular, samples returned from the planet could help make this kind of progress.
Perseverance will soon be collecting and storing samples with the goal of a future mission returning them one day.
Since different teams on Earth would have the opportunity to independently verify hints of life in Mars samples with a variety of instruments, the combination of their evidence could achieve ‘Level 6,’ the second highest step on the scale.
But in this example, to reach ‘Level 7,’ the standard by which scientists would be most sure they had detected life on Mars, an additional mission to a different part of Mars may be required.
“Achieving the highest levels of confidence requires the active participation of the broader scientific community,” the scientists said.
An example of a progressive scale for communicating the nature of results that may provide evidence for life.
Image credit: Green et al., doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03804-9.
This scale would apply to discoveries from beyond the Solar System, too.
Detecting oxygen in the atmosphere of an exoplanet would be a significant step in the process of searching for life.
We associate oxygen with life because it is made by plants and we breathe it, but there are also geological processes that generate oxygen, so it is not proof by itself of life.
To move upward on the scale, a mission team could demonstrate that the oxygen signal was not being contaminated by light reflected from Earth and study the chemistry of the planet’s atmosphere to rule out the geological explanation.
Additional evidence of an environment that supports life, such as an ocean, would bolster the case that this hypothetical planet is inhabited.
Scientists who study exoplanets are eager to find both oxygen and methane, a combination of gases in Earth’s atmosphere indicative of life. Because these gases would lead to reactions that cancel each other out unless there are biological sources of both present, finding both would be a key ‘Level 4’ milestone.
To reach ‘Level 5,’ astronomers would need a second, independent detection of some hint of life, such as global images of the planet with colors suggestive of forests or algae. They would need additional telescopes or longer-term observations to be sure they had found life on an exoplanet.
The study authors emphasize that the scale should not be seen as a race to the top.
The scale emphasizes the importance of the groundwork that many NASA missions lay without directly detecting possible biological signals, such as in characterizing environments on other planetary bodies.
Upcoming missions such as Europa Clipper, an orbiter headed for Jupiter’s icy moon Europa later this decade, and Dragonfly, an octocopter that will explore Saturn’s moon Titan, will provide vital information about the environments in which some form of life may one day be found.
“With each measurement, we learn more about both biological and non-biological planetary processes,” Dr. Voytek said.
“The search for life beyond Earth requires broad participation from the scientific community and many kinds of observations and experiments.”
“Together, we can be stronger in our efforts to look for hints that we are not alone.”
_____
J. Green et al. 2021. Call for a framework for reporting evidence for life beyond Earth. Nature 598, 575-579; doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03804-9
This article is based on text provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Last year, US authorities reported a series of incidents involving unidentified drones buzzing US infrastructure and military assets. However, none of the past reported cases were known to involve direct attacks on facilities or equipment.
A modified drone which crashed near a Pennsylvania power substation in July 2020 was “likely being used…to specifically target energy infrastructure,” a law enforcement bulletin by the Department of Homeland Security, the FBI and the National Counterterrorism Center has revealed.
The memo, obtained by ABC News and CNN, said that authorities still do not know what individual or group may have been operating the drone, which crashed on a roof close to the substation. No details were provided on which power facility was targeted, and no damage was reported. The memo did not specify the cause of the crash.
The drone was said to have been modified, and fitted with a tether supporting a length of copper wire –apparently meant to short-circuit the high-voltage equipment at the substation by coming into contact with it, potentially leading to plant shutdown and possible combustion. The UAV used was a DJI Mavic 2, a consumer-grade quadrocopter commonly sold for about $1,600 US online. The drone’s camera, memory card and serial number labels had been removed.
SpaceX's Endeavor capsule appears like a shooting star or 'donut UFO' over Louisiana and Alabama during the return trip to Earth that brought four astronauts home from the ISS
SpaceX's Endeavor capsule appears like a shooting star or 'donut UFO' over Louisiana and Alabama during the return trip to Earth that brought four astronauts home from the ISS
SpaceX's Endeavor capsule brought four astronauts home last night
The craft was spotted streaking across the night Monday evening
Reports of light show came from Alabama and Louisiana
The capsule was traveling at least 17,000mph at the time
The cosmic light show was a result of the Endeavour craft soaring through Earth’s atmosphere as it headed towards its designated splashdown zone in the Gulf of Mexico, off the coast of Florida.
Carrying four astronauts, the capsule splashed down on time at 10:33pm ET, bring the, Crew-2 mission back to Earth after spending the last 200 days aboard the International Space Station.
The astronauts – NASA’s Shane Kimbrough and Megan McArthur, along with the European Space Agency's Thomas Pesquet and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's astronaut Akihiko Hoshide – not only made headlines for coming home, but for having to complete the journey in diapers due to a faulty toilet in the capsule.
Sightings of the SpaceX capsule were reported in Louisiana, Alabama and several other states along the gulf.
Scroll down for video
The light show was a result of the Endeavour craft soaring through Earth’s atmosphere as it headed towards its designated splashdown zone in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Florida
Matt Kroschel, an anchor for a local news outlet in Huntsville, Alabama, urged residents to not call the newsroom with UFO reports if they spotted a streak of light in the night sky.
Twitter user Christopher of Mandeville, Louisiana shared a great image of the event on Twitter.
‘Holy cr** that was awesome,’ he included with the tweet.
The capsule traveled at least 17,000 miles per hour during deorbit as it fell towards the ocean.
It eventually slowed down and released parachutes to help stop it from crashing.
One spectator joked on Twitter about the capsule potentially being a UFO when it streaked through the night sky
At 10:38pm ET on Monday, the green light was given for the rescue crews to approach the capsule that had just landed in the Gulf of Mexico.
'We were on the helipad watching the crew members streak through the atmosphere, and it looked like a meteor - it was truly incredible,' said Leah Cheshier, a NASA spokesman.
'We couldn't ask for better conditions and things are moving really smoothly here and happening as planned.'
At 11:14pm ET, the side hatch was opened, and the crew disembarked.
Carrying four astronauts, the capsule splashed down on time at 10:33pm, bring the Crew-2 mission back to Earth after spending the last 200 days aboard the International Space Station
The astronauts – NASA’s Shane Kimbrough and Megan McArthur, along with the European Space Agency's Thomas Pesquet and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's astronaut Akihiko Hoshide – not only made headlines for coming home, but for having to complete the journey in diapers due to a faulty toilet in the capsule
McArthur, the captain, was the first to leave, at 11:26pm ET.
She was followed by Commander Kimbrough, beaming as he was carried out of the capsule and put on the stretcher to be wheeled away. He waved for the cameras and made a V for Victory sign.
All four were out of the capsule by 11:33pm, with smiles and fist-bumps all round.
Their return was initially set for Sunday afternoon, but high winds delayed the trip by a day.
Matt Kroschel, an anchor for a local news outlet in Huntsville, Alabama urged residents to not call the newsroom with UFO reports if they spot a streak of light in the night sky
Another sighting was reported over Gulf Shores, Alabama. The capsule traveled at least 17,000 miles per hour during deorbit as it free-falls toward the ocean, all the while slowing its speed before releasing parachutes to help stop it from crashing before splashing down
The SpaceX capsule, named Endeavour, was without a bathroom, due to a faulty toilet design, forcing the crew to wear diapers for the trip back to Earth.
However, the rescheduled mission cut the trip from space by 12 hours - it was only eight hours long instead of the expected 20 hours - due to the path from the ship to Earth, so the team did not have to sport the protective undergarments for as long as previously expected.
The Endeavour capsule is not the first SpaceX craft to spark UFO reports upon returning to Earth.
The Cargo Dragon C208-2 undocked from the ISS at 9:12am Thursday, following a supply run to the ship, and splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean around 11pm ET on September 30.
In September, Cargo Dragon C208-2 was spotted streaking through the night sky over parts of Georgia and Florida
The Cargo Dragon C208-2 undocked from the ISS at 9:12am Thursday, following a supply run to the ship, and splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean around 11pm ET on September 30
SpaceX tweeted that the capsule may be visible in parts of Georgia and Florida – and the firm was correct.
Many residents shared the event on Twitter, showing images of the glowing craft with a long, illuminated tail as it soared over highways and neighborhoods.
Local news stations in Florida received numerous reports of a loud boom on Thursday night, which was heard by residents in the Jacksonville area and all the way down to St. Augustine.
Residents said the loud boom rattled dishes and windows, along with entire homes.
The loud noise was a sonic boom released from the capsule, Newsweek reports.
According to NASA, a sonic boom is the thunder-like noise that someone on the ground hears when an aircraft or spacecraft overhead flies faster than the speed of sound.
ISS-astronauten na half jaar in de ruimte veilig geland in Golf van Mexico
ISS-astronauten na half jaar in de ruimte veilig geland in Golf van Mexico
De vier astronauten die eind april met een raket van SpaceX naar het internationale ruimtestation ISS vertrokken, zijn veilig geland in de Golf van Mexico. De landing in de zee bij de Amerikaanse staat Florida vond plaats om 22.33 uur lokale tijd.
De bemanningsleden, twee Amerikanen, een Japanner en een Fransman die onderhoud aan zonnepanelen en allerlei experimenten hebben uitgevoerd, waren ongeveer acht uur onderweg. Het vertrek was met een dag vertraagd vanwege slechte weersomstandigheden.
Het viertal was gearriveerd met de Endeavour van het ruimtevaartbedrijf van Elon Musk. Niet eerder waren astronauten met een gebruikte raket en capsule de ruimte in gestuurd. Na 199 dagen waarin ze onder meer chilipepers hebben verbouwd en wormen hebben bestudeerd, was het tijd voor de terugreis.
Luiers
Ongemakkelijk was dat op de terugreis het toilet niet werkte, zodat de bemanning luiers moest dragen. Het systeem om afval te verwerken in de capsule kampte met problemen.
De vervanging van de crew ondervindt ondertussen keer op keer vertraging, door het weer en een medische kwestie, meldde de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA. De nu geplande vertrekdatum is woensdag. Dan moeten drie Amerikanen en een Duitser worden gelanceerd vanaf ruimtebasis Cape Canaveral in Florida. Ook zij verblijven volgens de planning een half jaar in het ruimtestation.
SpaceX capsule splashes down after astronauts’ six months onboard ISS
SpaceX capsule splashes down after astronauts’ six months onboard ISS
Endeavour parachutes into sea after a fiery re-entry through Earth’s atmosphere broadcast live by Nasa on web
Reuters
Four astronauts strapped inside a SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule have splashed down safely in the Gulf of Mexico off the Florida coast, ending a six-month Nasa mission onboard the International Space Station and a daylong flight home.
The Dragon vehicle, dubbed Endeavour, parachuted into the sea as planned just after 10:30pm EST on Monday, after a fiery re-entry descent through Earth’s atmosphere broadcast live by a Nasa webcast.
Live thermal video imaging captured a glimpse of the capsule streaking like a meteor through the night sky over the Gulf minutes before splashdown.
Applause was heard from the flight control centre as the four main parachutes inflated above the capsule as it drifted down toward the Gulf surface, slowing its speed to about 15 mph (24 kph) before dropping gently into the calm sea.
“Endeavour, on behalf of SpaceX, welcome home to planet Earth,” a voice from the SpaceX flight control centre in suburban Los Angeles was heard telling the crew as a safe splashdown was confirmed.
Within an hour, all four astronauts were out of the capsule, exchanging fist bumps with the team on the recovery ship. “It’s great to be back,” one of the astronauts radioed in reply.
Operating autonomously, the spacecraft began its eight-hour return voyage earlier in the day with a 90-minute fly-around of the space station as the crew snapped a series of survey photographs of the orbiting outpost, circling the globe 250 miles (400 km) high.
The Crew Dragon then proceeded through a series of manoeuvres over the course of the day to bring it closer to Earth and line up the capsule for its final night-time descent.
Propelled by one last ignition of its forward rocket thrusters for a “de-orbit burn,” the capsule re-entered the atmosphere at about 17,000 mph (27,359 kph) for a freefall toward the ocean below, during which crew communications were lost for several minutes.
Intense friction generated as the capsule plunges through the atmosphere sends temperatures surrounding the outside the vehicle soaring to 3,500 degrees fahrenheit (1,927 degrees Celsius). The re-entry friction also slows the capsule’s descent before parachutes are deployed.
The astronauts’ flight suits are designed to keep them cool if the cabin warms up, while a heat shield protects the capsule from incinerating on re-entry.
The crew, which spent 199 days in space during this mission, was made up of two Nasa astronauts – mission commander Shane Kimbrough, 54, and pilot Megan McArthur, 50 – along with Japanese astronaut Akihiko Hoshide, 52, and fellow mission specialist Thomas Pesquet, 43, a French engineer from the European Space Agency.
They were lofted to orbit atop a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket that lifted off on 23 April from the Kennedy Space Centre in Florida.
It was the third crew launched into orbit under Nasa’s fledgling public-private partnership with SpaceX, the rocket company formed in 2002 by billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk, who also co-founded electric carmaker Tesla Inc.
One irregularity confronting the returning crew was a plumbing leak aboard the capsule that put the spacecraft’s toilet out of order, requiring the astronauts to use spacesuit undergarments if nature called during the flight home, according to Nasa.
‘Astounding’ Roman Statues Found Under Medieval Church in Britain
‘Astounding’ Roman Statues Found Under Medieval Church in Britain
Archaeologists digging at the site of a Norman-era church north of London received quite a surprise recently. Their ongoing excavations unearthed the well-preserved remains of three large Roman statues that must have been buried there for more than 1,000 years. The find included three detached statue heads - of a man, woman, and child - along with two intact busts (neck, shoulders, and chests) that matched the heads of the adults.
The archaeologists who made this shocking discovery were carrying out excavations below St. Mary’s Church, a 900-year-old structure located in the village of Stoke Mandeville adjacent to Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire county. They were working under the authority of the HS2 high-speed railway project, which is currently sponsoring excavations (as required by law) along the rail line route that will eventually connect London with the West Midlands.
In an HS2 press release , Dr. Rachel Wood, the lead archaeologist for HS2 contractor Fusion JV, referred to the Roman statues as “utterly astounding finds.”
Male head and torso of Roman statue discovered during a HS2 archaeological dig at the site of old St Mary’s church in Stoke Mandeville, Buckinghamshire.
“To find one stone head or one set of shoulders would be really astonishing,” she said, “but we have two complete heads and shoulders as well as a third head as well.”
This incredibly rare discovery has generated a lot of excitement among the HS2 archaeological team. It has also forced them to reconsider their initial interpretation of an earlier discovery at the St. Mary’s site.
Just last month, the archaeologists found the ruins of a large stone building buried directly beneath the Medieval church. The Normans had built a compacted dirt foundation on top of the rubble of that building, before beginning construction on St. Mary’s in the year 1080.
“The team working at St Mary’s discovered flint walls forming a square structure underneath the Norman levels, enclosed by a circular boundary ditch, and a small number of associated burials,” an HS2 spokesperson announced in September . “Archaeologists believe this to be an Anglo-Saxon church.”
“The flint foundations are about one meter wide,” the spokesperson continued, “which indicates it would have been a tall structure, although its footprint would have been small.”
The archaeologists were finishing excavations in and around the building at the time they discovered the Roman statues . Reaching the bottom layer of the hidden church site, they thought they were digging into the foundations of an old Anglo-Saxon tower. But when they saw the Roman busts, they realized the site’s history went back even further than they’d imagined.
The Statues and Other Finds that Link the Site to Roman Settlers
The statue heads and torsos were all in excellent condition. It was possible to make out precise facial details, and also to identify the types of clothing and head coverings they were wearing.
Female head of Roman statue discovered during a HS2 archaeological dig at the site of old St Mary’s church in Stoke Mandeville, Buckinghamshire.
While the Roman statues are the most notable find at St. Mary’s, they were not the only artifacts that linked the site to Roman settlers.
The HS2 archaeologists also unearthed the remains of a hexagon-shaped Roman glass jug, which was in excellent condition and could easily be reconstructed with no missing pieces. Only one other vessel of this kind is known to exist. It is presently on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. Other distinctive Roman artifacts were also found during the latest excavations, including large roof tiles, pieces of painted wall plaster, and Roman cremation urns.
The last discovery seems especially significant, as revealed by the contents of the HS2 press release about the discoveries at the site.
“Archaeologists now believe the square building that pre-dates the Norman church is a Roman mausoleum,” the release said. “Roman materials found in the ditch around are too ornate and not enough in number to suggest the site was a domestic building.”
If the stone tower was in fact a mausoleum, or large tomb, it may have hosted the cremated remains of the three individuals (members of a wealthy and important family?) who were depicted in the statues.
A few pieces of Saxon pottery and a Saxon coin were found in the circular ditch that surrounded the large structure. But the archaeologists now believe the Saxons only occupied or modified pre-existing Roman structures, rather than building something new and original on their own.
How Lost and Forgotten Artifacts Reveal the Truth about History
The Romans remained in Britain for nearly 400 years after conquering the lands in the first century AD. They would have occupied the land on which St. Mary’s Church was built sometime during that time period, when the statues and mausoleum were created.
It is likely that the Roman statues were intentionally damaged by future occupants before being abandoned, which would explain why the heads were disconnected from the bodies.
“The disfiguration of the Roman busts, namely the removal of the head of each, is not entirely unusual as it is common for statues such as these to have been vandalized in some way before being torn down,” the HS2 press release explained. “These are early examples of how statues and historic artifacts have been discarded as society has evolved over time.”
Of course, archaeological ventures are launched primarily to search for such abandoned and forgotten objects, which can dramatically enhance our understanding of past eras.
“These extraordinary Roman statues are just some of the incredible artifacts uncovered between London and the West Midlands,” said Mike Court, the HS2, Ltd. lead archaeologist. “As HS2 builds for Britain’s future, we are uncovering and learning about the past, leaving a legacy of knowledge and discovery.”
The HS2 archaeological initiative has given archaeologists access to vast tracts of land that had been largely off-limits before. They are taking full advantage of the opportunity, learning many new and exciting facts about the United Kingdom’s complex and colorful history in the process.
Top image: Complete bust of female Roman statue discovered at the site of old St Mary’s church in Stoke Mandeville, Buckinghamshire, England. Source: HS2
Hundreds of ancient artifacts revealing a Roman battle site from about 2,000 years ago have been unearthed in Switzerland. The items include well-preserved slingshot stones, nails, coins, a portion of a shield, and a dagger – they were believed to have been left behind after a battle took place between the Romans and a local tribe around the year 15 BC.
It was Lucas Schmid who made the first discovery of a dagger close to the Crap-Ses gorge which is between the towns of Tiefencastel and Cunter. It was actually rather surprising that he found anything as there wasn’t thought to have been any artifacts left after several people with metal detectors had previously gone over the property and found other items.
(Not the dagger mentioned in this article.)
In an interview with SWI swissinfo.ch, Schmid described how he found the dagger, “The signal from the metal detector was very inconspicuous and quiet. At first there was nothing to suggest such a large find,” adding, “As I dug deeper the tension rose – I knew it had to be an old object. When I exposed one end of the object I saw that it was a dagger. When I saw it was a complete dagger I was overjoyed.”
After Schmid found the dagger, a team of archaeologists from the University of Basel went to the site and unearthed several hundred more items within a 35,000-square-meter area. The items found at the site, which included shoe nails and coins, were from around 15 BC when the battle occurred.
As for the battle, the local Raetian tribe was living in the eastern Alps (this included portions of what is now Italy and Austria), but when the Romans conquered the area, they referred to it as Raetia under Augustus (in reference to the Roman Emperor Augustus). It is estimated that up to 1,500 soldiers were involved in the battle.
Peter Schwarz, who is a professor of Provincial Roman Archaeology at the University of Basel, told SWI swissinfo.ch, “This is the first time that remnants from a Roman battle site has been found in Switzerland,” adding, “It seems that the Romans attacked their enemy on one side of the valley and then drove them over a river to the other side, before attacking again.”
Interestingly, researchers have not found any graves at the battle site and it’s unclear as to how many of the estimated 1,500 soldiers died. Further excavations will be conducted next year so perhaps they’ll make even more discoveries at the site.
ISS-astronauten met luiers op weg terug naar aarde
ISS-astronauten met luiers op weg terug naar aarde
De vier astronauten die eind april met een raket van SpaceX naar het internationale ruimtestation ISS vertrokken, zijn op weg terug naar aarde. De bemanningsleden, twee Amerikanen, een Japanner en een Fransman die onderhoud aan zonnepanelen en allerlei experimenten hebben uitgevoerd, worden in de vroege ochtend verwacht in de zee bij Florida. Het vertrek was met een dag vertraagd vanwege slechte weersomstandigheden.
Het viertal was gearriveerd met de Endeavour van het ruimtevaartbedrijf van Elon Musk. Nooit eerder waren astronauten met een gebruikte raket en capsule de ruimte in gestuurd. Na 199 dagen waarin ze onder meer chilipepers hebben verbouwd en wormen hebben bestudeerd, is het tijd voor de terugreis.
Enig minpunt is dat op de terugreis het toilet niet werkt, zodat de bemanning luiers moet dragen. Het systeem om afval te verwerken in de capsule kampt namelijk met problemen.
Ook de vervanging van de crew ondervindt ondertussen keer op keer vertraging, door het weer en een medische kwestie, meldde de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA. De nu geplande vertrekdatum is woensdag. Dan moeten drie Amerikanen en een Duitser worden gelanceerd vanaf ruimtebasis Cape Canaveral in de Amerikaanse staat Florida. Ook zij verblijven volgens de planning een half jaar in het ruimtestation.
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Here is the proof that S4 'the underground UFO base' really exists
Here is the proof that S4 'the underground UFO base' really exists
Lazar's story about the secret underground facility S4 sounds fantastic but it is not a lie. S4 facility at Area 51 photographed during construction.
The location of S4 has been a mystery for decades. Bob Lazar worked at S4 from December 1988 till mid of 1989. All he shared with the public were a few sketches and a short description of nine hangars built in the slope of a mountain, located ten miles South of Groom Lake (Area 51) and near the Papoose Lake dry bed.
So where is this base? With so little information finding S4 is searching for the needle in the haystack.
31 Years passed and the location was still unknown. People found lines in the sediment in a mountain on the Eat side of Papoose Lake and UAP Research too believed to have found S4 (actually we now believe that it is the predecessor of S4) South of Papoose Lake but the evidence was still missing.
Not anymore as a couple months ago while watching an old video from 1989 UAP Research saw something that dropped his mouth open. Was this the needle? Yes it was!
The video below shows all the information, maps, satellite images, sketches related to the location of S4 'the underground UFO base.'
An extraterrestrial stalker leaves a family frozen in fear outside of Juneau, Alaska. A maritime monster nearly capsizes an aircraft on Alaska’s famed Lake Iliamna. A hunter thwarts an attempted abduction by a fireball-spitting UFO.
NASA’s Perseverance rover doesn’t only spend its time looking down at the rocks and dust that cover the surface of Mars. It also looks up, and recently it captured an image of Mars’ tiny moon, Deimos, hovering overhead in the Martian sky.
Deimos is the smaller of Mars’ two moons, along with its bigger companion, Phobos, and measures less than 2 miles across. It is covered in impact craters from asteroid strikes, and it’s also covered in dust that gives it a smoother appearance than Phobos.
NASA shared the following image captured by the rover looking up, which zooms in to show the tiny bright white dot of Phobos passing through the sky:
A particularly intriguing concept about Mars’ moons is that they could once have been rings, like those around Saturn. Over thousands of years, the material in these rings condensed into the two moons we see today. And the moons might not be around forever — one theory states that eventually Phobos will come too close to Mars and break apart into tiny pieces, becoming a set of rings. This may even operate as a cycle, with Mars switching between rings and moons over millennia.
Mars’ moons have also been in the news recently as Japanese scientists suggested that Deimos’ companion, Phobos, may be the ideal location to search for signs of ancient life. Although the moon itself lacks atmosphere and water, making it unsuitable for hosting life, it could carry evidence if there was once life on Mars. Asteroid strikes on the Martian surface have sent material flying onto Phobos, and its sterile environment could preserve these signs long-term.
We’ll learn more about Phobos and Deimos soon, as the Japanese space agency (JAXA) will be sending its Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) probe to visit them both. The plan is for the probe to land on Phobos and collect a sample to return to Earth, and it will also perform a flyby of Deimos on its way. The mission aims to launch in 2024.
When then-Vice President Mike Pence announced a deadline of 2024 for American astronauts to return to the moon, the decision was meant to infuse a new sense of urgency in NASA’s latest attempt to return to the moon. However, as Defense One suggests, a couple of developments have cast doubt on whether that deadline is feasible.
First, the NASA inspector general has announced that the lunar crew’s spacesuits will not be ready by 2024. Also, the 100-day delay resulting from the protest filed with the Government Accountability Office (GAO) by Blue Origin and Dynetics concerning the award to SpaceX for the Human Landing System (HLS) is also placing the 2024 lunar landing in doubt. The GAO eventually found in favor of NASA and SpaceX. NASA duly paid SpaceX a down payment of $300 million for the lunar Starship. But the damage may have been done.
According to the Verge,Jeff Bezos has filed suit in federal court challenging NASA’s decision to give SpaceX a sole contract to build the lunar lander. The court has granted a stay on the further development of the lunar lander until Nov. 1, further casting the 2024 moon landing in doubt. Ars Technica suggests the lawsuit is already causing some blowback to Blue Origin, even within the organization.
Elon Musk, who is preparing to send the latest version of the Starship into orbit on top of a Superheavy Rocket, seems to be taking the drama being caused by his rival in stride. The SpaceX CEO took to Twitter and quipped, “If lobbying & lawyers could get u to orbit, Bezos would be on Pluto.”
Musk also made a couple of interesting promises that NASA needs to pay attention to. First, he suggested on Twitter that SpaceX could develop a 21st-century moon suit “if need be” by 2024. Musk also suggested that the lunar Starship would be ready to take Americans back to the moon “probably sooner” than 2024.
In the meantime, Blue Origin has mounted a social media campaign attacking the SpaceX lunar Starship as too complex and too risky compared to the lunar lander proposed and rejected by NASA. One area of dispute seems to be how many launches of refueling Starships will be needed to take the lunar Starship to the lunar surface and back. According to WccfTech, both Blue Origin and the GAO claims that 14 refueling flights, one launch of an orbital fuel depot, and the lunar Starship itself would be needed. Musk disputes this assertion, claiming between four and eight refueling flights would be needed. Musk went on to suggest that even 16 flights would not be a problem, citing SpaceX’s cadence flying the Falcon 9 multiple times in a short period of time.
Many things must happen in a short time, with or without Musk’s help, for NASA to make the 2024 deadline. The technical problems of building and flying the lunar Starship, creating a lunar surface spacesuit, and making sure that the Orion/Space Launch System stack can fly to lunar orbit and back are serious but not insurmountable. However, all is dependent on the Biden administration and Congress not getting a sudden attack of ADD and getting stingy on funding.
In the great scheme of things, it doesn’t matter if Americans return to the moon in 2025, 2026, or some other future year, instead of in 2024, so long as they return. Marina Koren, writing for the Atlantic, suggests going slower is a good thing, the idea being that slower is safer for the astronauts. “What’s the rush?” she asks.
On the other hand, slower is also riskier because it adds to the possibility of cost overruns and schedule slippages. The International Space Station was over a decade behind schedule and suffered two near-death experiences in the halls of Congress. Fortunately, with the exception of Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) and his allies, the Artemis program enjoys broad bipartisan support.
Koren also offers a little shade in the direction of former President Donald Trump, repeating the suggestion that the 2024 deadline was politically motivated, the theory being that a return to the moon would prove a capstone on his second term. But if the return to the moon does slip beyond 2024, Trump may have the last laugh. If he runs in 2024 and wins, Trump will still be the president who sees the Artemis astronauts off and welcomes them home. The irony would be delicious to some and bitter gall and wormwood to others.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.