Mars was full of liquid water; Mars never had liquid water. It’s an ever changing theory with no end in sight. Back in May of this year, I wrote an article on how astronomers found the first evidence of a river that once flowed for more than 100,000 years on the Red Planet. That study strongly suggested that around 3.7 billion years ago, the planet would have had an atmosphere that supported large amounts of liquid water and perhaps even life. (The article can be read here.)

Now, scientists have changed their tune again as they’re saying that Mars may not have been the warm, wet, potentially habitable planet that they once thought was possible. Experts analyzed information from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter on NASA’s Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft that collected data from 1997 to 2001. They studied over 10,000 valleys on the Red Planet in order to find out what it looked like during its first billion years of existence. They compared their Martian data to Devon Island in the Arctic and they found that the valleys on Mars could have been created in a similar way to those found below the island here on Earth.

Devon Island

Anna Grau Galofre, who is a geophysicist at Arizona State University and the lead author of the study, said in a statement, “If you look at Earth from a satellite, you see a lot of valleys: some of them made by rivers, some made by glaciers, some made by other processes, and each type has a distinctive shape,” adding, “Mars is similar, in that valleys look very different from each other, suggesting that many processes were at play to carve them.”

They found that the majority of the valleys on Mars had a better chance of being formed by melt-water that flowed between an ice sheet and the ground instead of by a flowing river on the surface.

They studied six characteristics from each of the 10,000+ valley segments and then compared them to four types of formations. Their results indicated that 22 of 66 valleys were created by melt-water that ran underneath glaciers; 9 others were formed by only glaciers; and 14 were created by rivers. The rest of them didn’t have enough information in order for scientists to make a conclusion on how they were formed. Another interesting fact was that while the valleys that could have been created by melt-water were located in different areas across the planet, the ones that may have been formed by flowing rivers were in one specific area close to Arabia Terra.

“For the last 40 years, since Mars’ valleys were first discovered, the assumption was that rivers once flowed on Mars, eroding and originating all of these valleys,” Grau Galofre stated, adding, “We tried to put everything together and bring up a hypothesis that hadn’t really been considered.”

With this new research, it seems as though Mars may not have been full of liquid water and may have been covered mostly in ice. The mystery and uncertainty about the atmosphere and temperatures on ancient Mars continues…

Oregon doesn’t mind being one of the top states for spotting Bigfoot or UFOs. It doesn’t even mind being home to combination of eccentric populists and billion-dollar corporations. However, it doesn’t like the fact that it’s also becoming home to mysterious and unexplained cattle mutilations. The latest combines the usual precision surgical removal of organs with the strange placement of the cow’s body and an unusual clue that may (or may not, if history is any indicator) help solve this and potentially other cases. Aliens? Criminals? Satanists? Alien criminal Satanists? Something else?

“She died in a position she couldn’t have gotten into by herself. I don’t have any kind of logical explanation for it.”

That position (see for yourself here) was upright on the ground with front legs folded underneath its body, according to the report ranch owner David Hunt gave to Capital Press – a four-state agricultural media site – after first reporting the July 23rd mutilation to the Wheeler County (Oregon) Sheriff’s Office. Virtually all mutilated cattle – and cattle carcasses in general – are found lying on their sides with legs sticking out. This one sadly looks more like a cattle execution than mutilation.

Did you hear that?

“There was definitely foul play involved in this animal’s death.”

Deputy Jeremiah Holmes of the Wheeler County Sheriff’s Office says he’s no stranger to cattle mutilation cases. He investigated a mysterious mutilation in December 2019 involving a dead bull in the snow with its blood drained and nose, lips, ears, tongue, tail and genitals removed. Coincidentally, that mutilation also occurred on Hunt Ranch. Holmes sys there were differences in the precision of the cuts between the two incidents, and the latest had a big clue rarely found at mutilation sites – a clue that stops the “it’s aliens!” crowd dead (no pun intended) in their tracks.

“Deputy Holmes told the Capital Press that officers found a partial boot print about 100 yards away from the carcass.”

Before you yell, “It could be Hunt’s,” David Hunt says it’s been a long time since he’s been in this area – long enough that weather would have removed any footprints. There’s something else unusual about this mutilation – it has prompted Deputy Holmes to initiate a task force involving neighboring counties and potentially law enforcement across the state to share data about this mysterious crisis that has plagued Oregon. The Beaver State mutilation hit list includes five bulls in Harney County in July 2019 and a cow in Lake County in September 2019 – neither of which has been solved despite rewards being offered … these cows are worth $1,000 or more and their loss is both financially and emotionally destructive to their owners, not to mention local residents who want answers.

“I didn’t say much when my bull died last winter. But this time, the cops wanted permission to publicize so maybe people can keep their eyes open. I say: all right, tell anyone you want. It won’t bring back my dead cow, but maybe we’ll catch the killer.”

David Hunt sounds like he thinks it’s a human killer – either a sicko or a cultist who left the carcass looking like it had been executed. The bootprint may confirm that and help Sheriff Holmes identify the culprit. Many people blame animals. Others who have investigated cattle mutilations across the U.S. and around the world aren’t so sure – there were many who blamed the death of the five bulls in Oregon and a similar incident at the same time in Australia on aliens.

The Oregon state motto is “Alis volat propriis” — “She flies with her own wings.” Oregon cows are wishing they did too.

Related videos, selected and posted by peter2011

My previous article – on how and why government agencies have quietly kept a close and careful look at people in Ufology –  made it clear that it was (and still is) politics, rather than aliens, that has prompted widespread surveillance of the UFO research community. Also in my previous article, I brought up the matter of the FBI’s file on one of the most famous UFO Contactees of the 1950s. The man under the microscope was George Van Tassel. The FBI’s Van Tassel file is more than three hundred pages in length and it references the man’s politics, his religious beliefs, and how he funded his annual UFO conferences out at Giant Rock, California. Mrs. Van Tassel was interviewed by the FBI too – as J. Edgar Hoover’s special-agents sought to get a full picture of the Contactee himself. There’s yet another section – albeit a small section – of the file that is worth noting. This one doesn’t revolve around politics, but it isn’t UFO-themed either. Rather, it concerns a strange weapon that – the FBI’s records demonstrate – Van Tassel had apparently designed and perfected.

George Van Tassel in 1964

It’s a fact that Van Tassel had a fascination for electronic devices and alternative technology, the most famous example being his Integratron, which still stands to this very day. For years, Van Tassel worked on the machine, the purpose of which, he claimed, was to enhance our psychic powers and potentials, and to significantly extend the human life span. Van Tassel never had the opportunity to see his project come to fruition; his reputation as someone who had a longstanding fascination with advanced technology, however, was not lost on his followers. Nor was it lost on the FBI. Not at all.

In April of 1965, rumors started to circulate around the FBI office at Miami, Florida that Van Tassel had succeeded in creating nothing less than a dangerous weapon that could cause blindness to people. The production and the utilization of this weapon was, the FBI recorded, related to an acquaintance of Van Tassel, who is described in an FBI memorandum as “an ultra-rightist with tendency toward violence.” Who that may have been, we still don’t know. A two-page Teletype to FBI headquarters, dated April 9, 1965, revealed all of the available facts: “A source, who has furnished reliable information in the past, and in addition has furnished information which could not be verified or corroborated, advised that a secret device, which can be carried on a person and used to blind people, has recently been perfected. This device, also referred to by [censored] as a weapon, formerly developed to keep others from seeing operator of weapon. [Censored] reports no other details regarding description and use of device. However, he said his information was second hand.”

The document continues: “The source states that it has been determined the alleged device, was developed by George W. Van Tassel, Giant Rock, Yucca Valley, California, who reportedly owns or operates an airport some 20 miles from Yucca Valley in the desert area. Source stated Van Tassel claimed he worked over seven years in research and development of this device and the machine to make it. The weapon reportedly is of an electrical type, not further described. Any additional information can be obtained only by individuals who purchase the device and must be present at the time it is made.”  Less than a week later, the FBI seemed far less impressed with Van Tassel and his claimed inventions: “Because of Van Tassel’s apparent mental condition, as evidenced by his statements and apparent beliefs concerning interplanetary travel by men from Venus, and in view of his other highly imaginative and incredible statements concerning space travel and population, it is believed that no further inquiries need be conducted by the Miami or Los Angeles Offices concerning Van Tassel.”

Ninety-Sixty-Five also happened to be the year in which the FBI finally closed its George Van Tassel file and relegated it to the archives. The final entry in the lengthy file is a letter from a member of the public, whose name was deleted by the FBI (for privacy purposes) in the files. On August 17, 1965, he or she wrote to the FBI about Van Tassel and his work: “In my opinion, it is quite subversive and in conflict with the interests of the United States the way this gentleman uses the demoralizing of religion and also his accusations against our Government.”

If you lived in the elevated safety of the clouds, why would you worship the god of the underworld? That’s just one of the many questions being asked by archeologists on the top of the Cerro de Peña mountain in central Mexico after finding carvings dedicated to the god of the underworld in an area occupied before the Spaniards arrived by a culture known as the “Cloud People.” (No, not THAT kind of cloud!)

“When we reach the top we can see the ceremonial area, that is, where the temples and palaces of rulers were located.”

José Alfredo Arellanes, a researcher at the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH), was describing to El Universal what he found after climbing for 2.5 hours to reach the peak of the Cerro de Peña mountain, 1,845 meters (6053 ft) above sea level in what is now the state of Puebla. About 2,500 years ago, this was quite possibly the home of people of the Teotihuacan and Zapotec cultures for 1,000 years. And then, in the sixth century CE, long before the Europeans arrived, they abandoned it and the ceremonial area remained hidden by the jungle until Arellanes found its remains. (Photos here.)

Una de las piedras talladas encontradas en la antigua comunidad Zapoteca en México. 

EFE

“You can see what are inscriptions on the north, northeast and top slopes, those inscriptions are from the ñiuñe script Ñiuñe in Mixteco translates as hot or hot land and it is a unique style.”

Arellanes reveals that he found two steles (free-standing stones) with 87 glyphs either engraved or painted on them. He also found evidence that the area once held seven pyramids and a court for ancient ball games. The inscriptions referred to the Mixtecos, the people living in Mixtecapan (Mixtec country) or Mixtlán (place of clouds) which was thought to cover 40,000 square km (15,444 sq miles) in the current states of Guerrero and Puebla.

“There is a stone carved with an image of an iguana, and just like an eagle, and on the other side of the rock there is a Bat God or God of the Night, just as she has the shape of a woman.”

Bat God

Gabriel García, a guide for the Archaeological Center, explains that Arellanes found images of creatures of the clouds – and eagle – on the same stele as an image of the Bat God of the underworld. He believes that other archeologists will find more evidence of the Cloud People, but they must first get approval of local authorities like Aracely Garcia, the councilor of the municipality which contains the ceremonial area, who want to preserve it for everyone while protecting it from exploitation.

“Vestiges or images carved in stone is what makes the place special and therefore (we must) invite people to get to know our Archaeological Center, better known as Cerro de la Peña.”

Good idea. The area surrounding Cerro de Peña is home to 6 million people, of which one million are of indigenous cultures. They’ve already been invaded by money-grubbing, artifact-stealing invaders once – this time they plan to protect their heritage legally.