'Storm Area 51' event pushes rural Nevada county to declare emergency

Ed Komenda  Reno Gazette Journal

LAS VEGAS, Nev. – Commissioners in Nevada's rural Lincoln County have voted to pre-sign an emergency declaration ahead of the "Storm Area 51" raid event that's so far drawn more than 2 million RSVPs on Facebook.

On Monday, the county board unanimously voted, 4-0, to approve the declaration in preparation for a mysterious affair that could draw thousands of curious visitors to the desert. 

"We passed this with the caveat that this may or may not happen," said District D Commissioner Kevin Phillips. "We're just trying to do the best we can to prepare for something we know not of. We have no pickin' idea what we're going to face – if anything." 

California resident Matty Roberts created the event – called "Storm Area 51, They Can't Stop All of Us" – in June after listening to an episode of the Joe Rogan Experience podcast. The tongue-in-cheek event scheduled for Sept. 20 quickly generated millions of accepted invitations. 

Lincoln County is home to the town of Rachel, the self-proclaimed "UFO Capital of the World," located on State Route 375 – dubbed in 1996 the "Extraterrestrial Highway."  

The actual Area 51 site is a classified military facility set inside a test and training range roughly the size of Connecticut. Intrigue surrounding the impenetrable desert compound for decades has fueled conspiracy theories and local lore about what exactly goes on there.

'See them aliens': Nearly 400K people have signed up for Facebook event to 'storm' Area 51

'Unified curiosity': After 'Storm Area 51' gets 2 million RSVPs, its creator announces alien-themed music fest

But it’s a mystery that’s now driving an unknown number of unknown people from unknown corners of the country to the Nevada hinterlands. Lincoln County leaders are using this preemptive emergency declaration as a beacon to state officials that there’s a chance more people will show up than local authorities can handle.

An emergency declaration allows the state to supply resources in the event the outpost of 5,200 people needs help.

"It's a smart chess play," Phillips said.

Air Force spokeswoman Laura McAndrews said in a statement to USA TODAY that military officials were aware of the event that aims to uncover what many people believe are conspiratorial secrets of the military installation in Nevada.

McAndrews didn't specify any security plans at the base, but she did warn those thinking of entering the area.

"The Nevada Test and Training Range is an area where the Air Force tests and trains combat aircraft," McAndrews said. "Any attempt to illegally access military installations or military training areas is dangerous."

• Follow Ed Komenda on Twitter: @ejkomenda.

{ https://eu.usatoday.com/ }

22-08-2019 om 23:21 geschreven door peter  

22-08-2019 om 20:46 geschreven door peter  

 (Supplied: Graham Pearson)

People have long speculated on the wonders that might be hidden deep within the Earth’s surface. While so far no one has found dinosaurs, an interior black hole, or a breakaway Nazi civilization, geologists have found evidence for a vast and mysterious reservoir of primordial magma that has been completely undisturbed for more than 4 billion years. They haven’t quite found it yet, but they’ve found some compelling and shiny evidence: a treasure trove of rare super-deep diamonds older than Earth’s moon.

The super-deep diamonds are recognizably different than the well-known diamonds formed at more shallow depths (you know, the ones we’ve been conned into caring about by the De Beers Group) and were discovered when volcanic eruptions in Brazil brought them to the surface. In their paper recently published in Science, researchers say that examining these diamonds has resulted in chemical proof that a magma reservoir which has remained stable and unchanging since the formation of planet Earth does in fact exist. Geochemist Suzette Timmerman of the Australian National University says:

“Diamonds are the hardest, most indestructible natural substance known, so they form a perfect time capsule that provides us a window into the deep Earth.”

Earth’s mantle is the layer that is squeezed between the molten core of our planet and the outer crust (where we live) and is nearly impossible to study. It’s hundreds of miles straight down and not only would it be impossible to drill down there, the heat and pressure would simultaneously crush and boil anything we might send down. We think that the Earth’s mantle is solid, but since the 1980’s there has been speculation that there may be a reservoir of the “primordial soup” that hasn’t been turned over and solidified in the few billion years the planet has been around.

There may be a reservoir of magma older than the Earth’s moon somewhere deep in Earth’s mantle.

The theory is based off isotopes of helium found in volcanic lava. Some volcanic lava has a remarkably high ratio of helium-3 to helium-4. This unusual ratio of helium isotopes is also found in extremely old meteorites that have fallen to Earth, but not in the rock an soil we find up here on the crust. But because the ancient helium signature is only found coming out of the hottest volcanoes, it’s impossible to tell where it originated.

According to researchers, this batch of super-deep diamonds offers proof that the primordial reservoir exists. The diamonds contain trapped remnants of helium that may have been formed before the collision that created the Earth’s moon. According to the researchers, finding the isotopic pattern in these diamonds means that the helium must have come from where the diamonds were formed, or even deeper. According to Tinnerman:

“My research is unique in that it gives the first direct depth constraints on where this primordial reservoir is located (more than 410 km depth), as we know the diamonds formed in the transition zone (410-660 km depth).”

Diamonds are nothing but rock poop, people.

Eargh scientist Matthew Jackson from the University of California Santa Barbara, who was not involved in the research but has studied the helium isotope patterns for decades, believes this is an important step forward. He says:

“This is an interesting result, with a lot of potential to ‘map out’ where elevated 3He/4He domains are located in the Earth’s deep interior

Helium can diffuse rapidly at mantle conditions, so it will be important to evaluate whether the ancient helium signature reflects compositions trapped at diamond-formation depths, or the composition of the host lava that transported to diamonds to the surface.”

It’s amazing how much we’re finding out about the composition of our own planet, and how much we still have yet to learn. It’s also amazing that we’ve been sold the idea of the extreme rarity of diamonds when they quite literally shoot out of the ground.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

21-08-2019 om 21:20 geschreven door peter  

Mars Mysteries Encounter Human Intelligence

In recent months, according to a number of scientific reports, the dusty winds and sand dune formations on the planet Mars have grown even more mysteries. In this episode, we explore why Electric Universe geology may hold the key to resolving both the mysterious processes in Mars’ past, and those happening today.

Source story: 

• https://earthsky.org/space/odyssey-weird-hexagonal-dune-field-mars

Source: 

• http://tapnewswire.com/2019/08/mars-mysteries-encounter-human-intelligence/

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/v3/ }

21-08-2019 om 00:50 geschreven door peter  

Conservation worker and C2C listener Bruce shared a bizarre photo on CoastToCoast Facebook page of a deer that somehow wound up atop a power pole in a rural area somewhere in the US northeast.

According to Bruce, the most likely explanation for how the deer wound up there is that it was hit by a train, since there are train tracks several yards away.

However, he notes, "the deer would have to have traveled in the air approximately 45 feet (across) to the pole and reach a height of approximately 22 feet (up) to reach the top of the pole."

But being hit by a train seems unlikely, that kind of impact would have made the picture to gruesome however the deer shows no signs of external wounds.

Could it be that a large and strong bird like an eagle or something like the legendary creature the so-called thunderbird must have tried carrying it and dropped it because too heavy or maybe the deer has fallen victim to a failed alien abduction?

The question remains, how did the deer ended up on top a power pole?

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

21-08-2019 om 00:42 geschreven door peter  

NASA Caught Using Photoshop Yet Again! Aug 16, 2019, UFO Sighting News.

Date of discovery: Aug 16, 2019
Location of discovery: Moon Neptune and Triton
Source Photo:  

• https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA01491

Guys this really makes me angry. Its one thing to see those Instagramers using photoshop for selfies, but its another to catch NASA using it for photo that they make public. 

I wanted to have a better look at this photo, so I downloaded it and added light to it. Suddenly I saw a mess all around the edges of the photo and across its surface. The photo looks grainy and sandy. Its got scratches and brush marks on it, as if someone used a paint brush to wipe off the dirt from a camera lens. I'm really not sure what NASA did. Did they paint this scene and pretend its a photo? Or did they turn this horrible photo into a HD perfection by using photoshop to fool the public? That original photo was literally garbage! And the used photoshop to make it acceptable by the public. Thats like feeding people recycled food when they thought they were eating freshly made food. It sickens me. 

One thing is certain, we cannot trust NASA to release unedited photo to the public. This is 100% proof they edit photos and if they do that, they also will edit out alien structures and ships. 
Scott C. Waring-Taiwan

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

20-08-2019 om 14:02 geschreven door peter  

Flying Orb Caught On Forest Cam Observing Deer, Video, Aug 2019, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: August 8, 2019

This orb was recorded on a deer cam a few nights ago. The orb is seen near the animals, observing and following them as they eat the grass. These orbs are thought to be alien drones which enable aliens to see, hear and even feel the things around the orb drone. Most aliens cannot live with our air, gravity, bacteria and other elements that may be fatal to them. Each species adapts to their own planets environment and each planet has a different environment in which life sprung forth. For instance we often make the mistake that all life must breath air...but its not true. For instance two years ago Russian astronauts cleaning the space stations solar panels found reported finding giant plankton living on the solar panels in space without air. Of course NASA ignored this and never reported anything about it, but Russia got credit for finding the first alien life on that day. 

Humans are not the only interest to aliens, our whole planet and every living thing on it is of interest to them. This camera has an infrared filter on it and flashes an IR light allowing it to see anything in the area, even if it was cloaked. A normal camera might not pick up this orb in the daytime. 

Scott C. Waring 

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

20-08-2019 om 11:11 geschreven door peter  

The light pattern of a middle aged star called KIC 8462852, some 1,480 light-years from Earth suggests that some kind of complex matter structure is circling the star, causing intermittent brightening and dimming by "a mass of objects," according to Prof. Jason Wright, an astronomer at Penn State University.

He told Linda that he and his colleagues are studying all possible natural explanations, and the exotic though unlikely possibility that it could be a "swarm of megastructures" built by an advanced alien civilization to harvest energy from the star.

At the suggestion of the Penn State team, SETI started pointing their Green Bank radio telescope at the unusual star to check for signals.

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

19-08-2019 om 22:14 geschreven door peter  

‘Storm Area 51’ Turns Into Festival, May Feature Surprise Performance by Limp Bizkit

Conspiracy theorists and UFO enthusiasts who were originally planning to storm Area 51 may now just be going to party in the desert.

After the creation of a Facebook page for the event to raid the actual military base went viral, the little motel near the secretive Air Force facility started booking up.

The original event “Storm Area 51, They Can’t Stop All of Us” drew the attention of more than 2 million people who responded to attend the event scheduled for September 20. Several major brands also announced promotional tie-ins, including Bud Light as it announced an Area 51-themed beer and pledged a free drink to any ETs that escaped the facility. Arby’s also revealed that they would have a food truck at the event.

The event creator Matty Roberts is now planning to launch an actual alien-themed festival instead of raiding Area 51. Called as Alienstock, the festival is set to feature arts, live music, and camping under the sky. It is set to take place for the same dates as the original Area 51 event but does not include running faster than bullets and storming Area 51, which is a heavily guarded military base.

According to Alienstock website, the festival will be set in Rachel, a town in Nevada that reportedly holds a population of 54 permanent residents. The site claims to be working with an extraterrestrial-themed motel/restaurant The Little A’Le ‘Inn, which is the only motel/restaurant in the entire town.

The motel/restaurant website does put in a link to the Alienstock website. It announces the inn is booked solid for Alienstock. It also warns visitors to fill up their tanks at nearby towns as there’s no gas available in Rachel.

While no acts have been confirmed for the live music, Limp Bizkit will reportedly be performing in the area. Representatives for Limp Bizkit and Alienstock did not immediately return our requests for comment, but the band did a post on Instagram about performing at S4, a secretive location near Area 51.

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

19-08-2019 om 21:49 geschreven door peter  

Strange Meteorite Discovered In Siberia Contains An 'Unnatural' Crystal

Despite the level of understanding and knowledge the world has about so many things, everyone is still getting excited about new discoveries and this one is no exception. A rare meteorite, which was found in Siberia, contains a crystal, or at least what appears to be a crystal. The mineral itself is quite rare as well and is also a mystery. While crystal is the term used to describe it, no one's sure what it actually is but here's what they know so far:

The Discovery

A fair few years ago now, scientists discovered a small piece of a mineral that was created shortly after the solar system, some four and half billion years ago. The mineral was brought to Earth by the Khatyrka meteorite, which landed in Eastern Siberia. Obviously, a 4 billion-year-old mineral would be incredibly interesting to almost anyone, but not so much in this case. It was still quite intriguing but not for its sheer age, as many would expect, but for its atomic structure instead.

The structure that this mineral possesses is one that has never before been found in nature, although it has been created in laboratory environments. It was referred to as a quasicrystal because from the exterior it resembles a crystal, but on the inside, it's a whole other kettle of fish.

Crystal or No Crystal?

Many people are probably wondering - what constitutes a crystal? A mineral needs to have set properties, specifically with the atomic structure, to be considered a crystal. Namely, it needs lattices. A crystals atoms are arranged in lattice structures, are very predictable, and will just keep repeating themselves. However, while this new mineral may look like a crystal on the outside, it isn't a crystal on the inside. The quasicrystal did have lattices, however, they were ordered and not consistent and identical. Therefore, it can't be a crystal, can it?

The atoms were arranged in a variety of different configurations, which, based on human understanding of science and chemical composition, was simply not possible in nature. Yet here it is. Despite quasicrystals being created in labs since the 1960s, many scientists still doubt the fact that they can exist in nature. It is with this in mind that the teams studying the crystal have concluded that it was formed off the planet and traveled here. Even so, if it was formed under astrophysical conditions over 4 billion years ago, it's still proof that this phase of matter can remain stable over huge periods of time, perhaps even indefinitely.

The discovery of these quasicrystals really puts into perspective how much we think we know as an intelligent species, but also reminds us that we don't know nearly as much as we think we do. The universe is a huge place with diversity around every corner and there's still so much more to find out. Researching these quasicrystals would be a good place to start but there's still so much more still to discover.

{https://www.disclose.tv/ }

11-08-2019 om 01:19 geschreven door peter  

What’s going on about 90 miles (150 km) below the Earth’s surface?

Image via Good Free Photos.

By Miles Bodmer, University of Oregon and Doug Toomey, University of Oregon

The Pacific Northwest is known for many things – its beer, its music, its mythical large-footed creatures. Most people don’t associate it with earthquakes, but they should. It’s home to the Cascadia megathrust fault that runs 600 miles (966 km) from Northern California up to Vancouver Island in Canada, spanning several major metropolitan areas including Seattle and Portland, Oregon.

This geologic fault has been relatively quiet in recent memory. There haven’t been many widely felt quakes along the Cascadia megathrust, certainly nothing that would rival a catastrophic event like the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake along the active San Andreas in California. That doesn’t mean it will stay quiet, though. Scientists know it has the potential for large earthquakes – as big as magnitude 9.

Geophysicists have known for over a decade that not all portions of the Cascadia megathrust fault behave the same. The northern and southern sections are much more seismically active than the central section – with frequent small earthquakes and ground deformations that residents don’t often notice. But why do these variations exist and what gives rise to them?

Our research tries to answer these questions by constructing images of what’s happening deep within the Earth, more than 90 miles (144 km) below the fault. We’ve identified regions that are rising up beneath these active sections which we think are leading to the observable differences along the Cascadia fault.

Cascadia and the ‘Really Big One’

The Cascadia subduction zone is a region where two tectonic plates are colliding. The Juan de Fuca, a small oceanic plate, is being driven under the North American plate, atop which the continental U.S. sits.

The Juan de Fuca plate meets the North American plate beneath the Cascadia fault.

Image via USGS.

Subduction systems – where one tectonic plate slides over another – are capable of producing the world’s largest known earthquakes. A prime example is the 2011 Tohoku earthquake that rocked Japan.

Cascadia is seismically very quiet compared to other subduction zones – but it’s not completely inactive. Research indicates the fault ruptured in a magnitude 9.0 event in 1700. That’s roughly 30 times more powerful than the largest predicted San Andreas earthquake. Researchers suggest that we are within the roughly 300- to 500-year window during which another large Cascadia event may occur.

Many smaller undamaging and unfelt events take place in northern and southern Cascadia every year. However, in central Cascadia, underlying most of Oregon, there is very little seismicity. Why would the same fault behave differently in different regions?

Over the last decade, scientists have made several additional observations that highlight variations along the fault.

One has to do with plate locking, which tells us where stress is accumulating along the fault. If the tectonic plates are locked – that is, really stuck together and unable to move past each other – stress builds. Eventually that stress can be released rapidly as an earthquake, with the magnitude depending on how large the patch of fault that ruptures is.

A GPS geosensor in Washington.

Image via Bdelisle.

Geologists have recently been able to deploy hundreds of GPS monitors across Cascadia to record the subtle ground deformations that result from the plates’ inability to slide past each other. Just like historic seismicity, plate locking is more common in the northern and southern parts of Cascadia.

Geologists are also now able to observe difficult-to-detect seismic rumblings known as tremor. These events occur over the time span of several minutes up to weeks, taking much longer than a typical earthquake. They don’t cause large ground motions even though they can release significant amounts of energy. Researchers have only discovered these signals in the last 15 years, but permanent seismic stations have helped build a robust catalog of events. Tremor, too, seems to be more concentrated along the northern and southern parts of the fault.

What would cause this situation, with the area beneath Oregon relatively less active by all these measures? To explain we had to look deep, over 100 kilometers (60 miles) below the surface, into the Earth’s mantle.

Green dots and blue triangles show locations of seismic monitoring stations.

Image via Bodmer et al., 2018, Geophysical Research Letters.

Imaging the Earth using distant quakes

Physicians use electromagnetic waves to “see” internal structures like bones without needing to open up a human patient to view them directly. Geologists image the Earth in much the same way. Instead of X-rays, we use seismic energy radiating out from distant magnitude 6.0-plus earthquakes to help us “see” features we physically just can’t get to. This energy travels like sound waves through the structures of the Earth. When rock is hotter or partially molten by even a tiny amount, seismic waves slow down. By measuring the arrival times of seismic waves, we create 3-D images showing how fast or slow the seismic waves travel through specific parts of the Earth.

Ocean bottom seismometers waiting to be deployed during the Cascadia Initiative.

Image via Emilie Hooft.

To see these signals, we need records from seismic monitoring stations. More sensors provide better resolution and a clearer image – but gathering more data can be problematic when half the area you’re interested in is underwater. To address this challenge, we were part of a team of scientists that deployed hundreds of seismometers on the ocean floor off the western U.S. over the span of four years, starting in 2011. This experiment, the Cascadia Initiative, was the first ever to cover an entire tectonic plate with instruments at a spacing of roughly 30 miles (50 km).

What we found are two anomalous regions beneath the fault where seismic waves travel slower than expected. These anomalies are large, about 90 miles (150 km) in diameter, and show up beneath the northern and southern sections of the fault. Remember, that’s where researchers have already observed increased activity: the seismicity. Interestingly, the anomalies are not present beneath the central part of the fault, under Oregon, where we see a decrease in activity.

Regions where seismic waves moved more slowly, on average, are redder, while the areas where they moved more quickly are bluer. The slower anomalous areas 90 miles (150 km) beneath the Earth’s surface corresponded to where the colliding plates are more locked and where tremor is more common.

Image via Bodmer et al., 2018, Geophysical Research Letters.

So what exactly are these anomalies?

The tectonic plates float on the Earth’s rocky mantle layer. Where the mantle is slowly rising over millions of years, the rock decompresses. Since it’s at such high temperatures, nearly 1500 degrees Celsius (2700 F) at 100 km (60 mi) depth, it can melt ever so slightly.

These physical changes cause the anomalous regions to be more buoyant – melted hot rock is less dense than solid cooler rock. It’s this buoyancy that we believe is affecting how the fault above behaves. The hot, partially molten region pushes upwards on what’s above, similar to how a helium balloon might rise up against a sheet draped over it. We believe this increases the forces between the two plates, causing them to be more strongly coupled and thus more fully locked.

A general prediction for where, but not when

Our results provide new insights into how this subduction zone, and possibly others, behaves over geologic timeframes of millions of years. Unfortunately our results can’t predict when the next large Cascadia megathrust earthquake will occur. This will require more research and dense active monitoring of the subduction zone, both onshore and offshore, using seismic and GPS-like stations to capture short-term phenomena.

Our work does suggest that a large event is more likely to start in either the northern or southern sections of the fault, where the plates are more fully locked, and gives a possible reason for why that may be the case.

It remains important for the public and policymakers to stay informed about the potential risk involved in cohabiting with a subduction zone fault and to support programs such as Earthquake Early Warning that seek to expand our monitoring capabilities and mitigate loss in the event of a large rupture.

• Miles Bodmer, Ph.D. Student in Earth Sciences, University of Oregon and Doug Toomey, Professor of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon
• This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
• Bottom line: Parts of the Pacific Northwest’s Cascadia fault are more seismically active than others. Imaging data suggests why.

{ https://earthsky.org/ }

10-08-2019 om 17:19 geschreven door peter  

Accidental FOIA Reveals Mind Control Documents; Here’s Further Evidence This Technology Exists

Accidental FOIA Reveals Mind Control Documents; Here’s Further Evidence This Technology Exists by Aaron Kesel – Activist Post

Journalist Curtis Waltman filed a Freedom of Information Act request with the Washington State Fusion Center (which is partnered with Department of Homeland Security) to obtain information about Antifa and white supremacist groups; instead of getting information on how the agency targets the groups, he got way more than the information he was looking for – Curtis was accidentally sent a mysterious file with the label “EM effects on human body.zip.” The file included methods of “remote mind control,” MuckRock reported.

According to MuckRock, the mind control documents came from the Department of Homeland Security-linked agency in the form of a file called “EM effects on human body.zip.” The file reportedly contained various diagrams detailing the horrors of “psycho-electronic weapon effects.”

One document lists the various forms of torment made possible by using “remote mind control” methods, from “forced memory blanking” and “sudden violent itching inside eyelids” to “wild flailing” followed by “rigor mortis” and a remotely induced “forced orgasm.” It was not immediately clear how the documents wound up in the agency’s response to a standard FOIA request, but there was reportedly no indication the “remote mind control” files stemmed from any government program.

According to Popular Mechanics, the documents are not official documents but are rather documents captured by the Fusion Center.

The federal government has absolutely experimented with mind control in a variety of methods, but the documents here do not appear to be official.

Waltman had no idea why these documents were included in his request and isn’t sure why the government is holding them. The WSFC did not respond to requests for more information.

The documents themselves are quite bizarre and, honestly, despite reports dismissing them, it is worth remembering that this is exactly what the CIA was working on for years during MKULTRA. That program was supposed to have been shut down after the Church Hearings and other congressional hearings exposed all of the CIA’s clandestine activities at the time many that violated human rights including experimentation on patients and the American population without their knowledge.

Last year, it was revealed that mainstream science had caught up with the black project world (CIA) and had successfully weakened or strengthened particular memories from the brain or outright deleted inherited memories from mice, Activist Post reported.

There was a series of CIA mind control programs including BLUEBIRD, ARTICHOKE, MKULTRA, MKSEARCH and MKNAOMI during the ’50s to ’90s. The CIA sought to blank-slate test subjects wiping memories through drugs, electric shock, high-pitched sound and other torture techniques.

The Project Bluebird/Artichoke document below was kept hidden and under wraps and distracted from other subprojects in MKULTRA through Operation Dormouse for a reason; just read the documents it’s literally the CIA suggesting to create mind-controlled slaves that can covertly commit murder in the 1950s-’60s.

Although, many suspect that this project involved the South American plant derivative, scopolamine, a dangerous substance known as the “zombie drug.” Documents released only a few weeks ago in the JFK files suggest that the CIA was using electromagnetic weaponry to accomplish this goal. How? Well, it started out with using electrodes on a subject’s brain, and I suspect it evolved into tapping into the brain’s own natural frequency over time as the Army documents details on Voice To Skull technology decades later.

In the mid-1950s, neurophysiologist Carl Wilhelm Sem-Jacobsen built his own EEG lab at Gaustad psychiatric hospital in Norway with copious funding from the Rockefeller, Ford, and other “charitable” foundations.  He soon took on multiple U.S. government contracts from the Air Force, Navy, and NASA for research using electrodes implanted in the brains of psych patients to carry out what many have said was unethical research.

These experiments melded over time and were continued under the auspices of a Project MKUltra branch and evolved to what was known as Project Artichoke.

Our government performed various unethical experiments on thousands of Americans for decades on the record exposed by the Church Committee. But before MKULTRA in 1947 the Navy and OSI conducted the first known post-war mind control program, Project Chatter, which continued the drug experiments of the Nazis.

Project Chatter was a highly classified Navy program to search for a truth drug that would get its victim to speak fast. They tested all types of drugs including barbiturates, amphetamines, and heroin. The studies involved “mind control” experiments by hypnosis and narco-hypnosis.

In 1953, Project Chatter was abandoned by the Navy for other projects like the Navy’s project “Perfect Concussion” which was Subproject 54 under MKULTRA. Scientists focused on testing ultrasound signals to create amnesia. In the documents, the Navy sought to create “Sub-aural frequency blasts” which means “below the ear.” Sub-aural frequency would indicate the potential usage of infrasound i.e. sonar.

Around the same time of Project Chatter, another compartmentalized group was running Project Moonstruck which sought to use electronic implants in brain and teeth for tracking, mind and behavior control, conditioning, programming, covert operations through Electronic Stimulation of the Brain, E.S.B. (Auspiciously the documents for Moonstruck are missing, only mere references can be found on sites archiving our history.)

The Army eventually founded Operations Third Chance and Derby Hat which both used LSD; other project names remain unknown though the existence of these programs is unquestionable.

The goals of MKULTRA were to break down human beings both physically and mentally, and modify and control their behavior as well as test chemicals on people for research purposes. These means included but were not limited to, hypnosis, chemical, biological and radioactive exposure. President Bill Clinton was forced to apologize after parts of these programs were revealed to have been continuing after the Church Committee Hearings and they were caught running experiments on Africans under the Tuskegee experiment.

Dr. Ewen Cameron was partially backed by the CIA during project MKULTRA and used electrodes to zap the memories from his unwitting patients’ brains during the 1950s. This method of torture was called “psychic driving.”

After horrendous electric shocks, drugs were given to the test subjects to put them into days of prolonged delirious sleep. Cameron would then subject them to audio tapes he made in which he repeated certain phrases thousands of times with the hope of producing new personalities within them.

A 2012 lawsuit filed by veterans’ groups, against the CIA and the DOD, refers to Cameron’s methods. The suit also states that two researchers, Dr. Louis West and Dr. Jose Delgado, working together under the early CIA MKULTRA subproject 95, utilized two protocols: brain implants (“stimoceivers”) and RHIC-EDOM (Radio Hypnotic Intracerebral Control-Electronic Dissolution of Memory) to program the minds of victims.

Translation: they sought to bury memories, and implant false memories that never happened.

The CIA ultimately found that stress and sleep deprivation can make people more susceptible to false memories as have other researchers.

Although, the new documents are presumed to not be government documents, there are other documents released in 2006 from the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command entitled, “Bioeffects of Selected Nonlethal Weapons.”

The document is dated in 1998, over 15 years ago. One of the main topics regards the effects of “radio frequency directed energy.” The document discusses the “incapacitating effect” of “microwave hearing,” exactly like the new document describes.

There is no sound propagated through the air like normal  sound. This technology in its crudest form could be used to distract  individuals; if refined, it could also be used to communicate with  hostages or hostage takers directly by Morse code or other message  systems, possibly even by voice communication.

From that document, the technology is able to be tuned into a single person like a radio station.

The phenomenon is tunable in that the characteristic sounds and  intensities of those sounds depend on the characteristics of the RF  energy as delivered. Because the frequency of the sound heard is  dependent on the pulse characteristics of the RF energy, it  seems possible that this technology could be developed to the point  where words could be transmitted to be heard like the spoken word,  except that it could only be heard within a person’s head. In one experiment, communication of the words from one to ten using ‘speech modulated’ microwave energy was successfully demonstrated. Microphones next to the person experiencing the voice could not pick up the sound. Additional development of this would open up a wide range of possibilities.

Further, the paper discusses using this technology to disrupt neural control, which “activates specific forms of behavior such as sexual, aggressive, ingestive activities.”

Besides implanting memories, the military later attempted to create what it deemed Voice To Skull technology.

Voice To Skull is described in the patent as a “hearing system” where “Sound is induced in the head of a person by radiating the head with microwaves in the range of 100 megahertz to  10,000 megahertz that are modulated with a particular waveform.”

Similar psychotronic technology to Voice To Skull that wasn’t directly beaming frequencies into people but rather using radio stations to broadcast a signal outside of the human hearing range was used by the Pentagon, known as Silent Sound Spread Spectrum (SSSS) or S-quad. U.S. Psychological Operations officers tested this technology on Iraqi troops in Kuwait during Operation Desert Storm in 1991.

A news briefing detailed how American troops would take over the Iraqis’ FM stations and broadcast a silent signal underneath the audible programming:

The clandestine station programming consisted of  patriotic and religious music and intentionally vague, confusing and  contradictory military orders and information to the Iraqi soldiers in  the Kuwaiti Theater of Command (KTO). The size and power of enemy forces  was always intentionally exaggerated. Surrender was encouraged. According to statements made by captured and deserting Iraqi  soldiers, however, the most devastating and demoralizing programming was  the first known military use of the new, high tech, type of subliminal  messages referred to as Ultra-High-Frequency ‘Silent Sounds’ or ‘Silent  Subliminals’. (Newsweek, July 30, 1990, Page 61) Although completely silent to the human ear, the negative  voice messages placed on the tapes alongside the audible programming by  psyops psychologists were clearly perceived by the subconscious minds of  the Iraqi soldiers and the silent messages completely demoralized and  instilled a perpetual feeling of fear and hopelessness in their minds.

Then there is the suggestion of using Voice To Skull technology in Afghanistan under the moniker “Voice Of Allah” a few years back under the George Bush administration. That plan also included the broadcasting of a hologram image of what Allah was depicted to have looked like. Further, there was a plan years prior to do the same thing to other Arab nations.

The Gulf War hologram story might be dismissed were it not the case that washingtonpost.com learned that a super secret program was established in 1994 to pursue the very technology for application to PSYOPS.  The “Holographic Projector” is described in a classified Air Force document as a system to “project information power from space … for special operations deception missions. (Source: Washington Post)

Steven Corman, writing at the COMOPS journal, described his own encounter with this technology:

At  a government workshop some time ago I head someone describe a new tool that was described as the “voice of Allah.” This was said to be a device  that would operate at a distance and would deliver a message that only a  single person could hear. The story was that it was tested in a conflict situation in Iraq and pointed at one insurgent in a group, who whipped around looking in all directions, and began a heated  conversation with his compatriots, who did not hear the message. At the time I greeted this story with some skepticism.

Holosonic Research Labs and American Technology Corporation both have versions of directed sound, which can allow a single person to hear a message that others around don’t hear. Holosonic sells a technology called “Audio Spot Light” while ATC sells the Long Range Acoustic Device. DARPA also has its own sonic projector. Intriguingly, Strategy Page reported that troops used LRAD as a modified Voice of God weapon:

It appears  that some of the troops in Iraq are using “spoken” (as opposed to  “screeching”) LRAD to mess with enemy fighters. Islamic terrorists tend  to be superstitious and, of course, very religious. LRAD can put the  “word of God” into their heads. If God, in the form of a voice that only  you can hear, tells you to surrender, or run away, what are you gonna  do?

CNET once reported on the technology, noting that users don’t hear sound through their ears but instead the sound resonates and reverberates inside the person’s head – except in that case it was used for advertising.

The folks who heard the ad for A & E’s TV show “Paranormal State”  emitted from a billboard in New York City’s Greenwich Village must have  thought it was pretty weird. As they walked into the targeted area they  were exposed to highly focused sound, picked up not by their ears, but  by their skulls. The otherwise inaudible sound waves are experienced via  bone conduction–the sound resonates inside the passerby’s head.

The use of mind control technologies was predicted as well in the military publication of Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College, published in 1994.

There are also other patents –  (here, here , here , here and here.)

And, finally, the most important patent entitled: “Thought transmission unit sends modulated  electromagnetic wave beams to human receiver to influence thoughts and  actions without electronic receiver.”

This is not science fiction. This is, to put it bluntly, mad science driven by insanity. These are declassified black projects or SAPs (special access programs.) Much of what the clear world or civilian population knows about military technology is severely underestimated despite the public nature of certain technologies like the heat ray and sound cannon. If you dig even deeper there is an old reference on the Army’s website for a technology called “Voice To Skull.” (ARMY SITE YANKED WIRED REPORTED) [ARCHIVED COPY OF ARMY PAGE]

Dr. Joseph C. Sharp completed the first successful test of auditory microwave technology which could bypass the ears and beam sound directly into a person’s head at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in 1973.

Sharp, strapped inside an isolation chamber, heard “words” beamed at him in a pulsed-microwave audiogram. (An audiogram is a  computerized analog of the spoken voice.) ARPA, now DARPA, researcher Robert O. Becker at the time foresaw “obvious applications in covert operations.”

Becker imagined barrages of “voices” driving an enemy insane, and post-hypnotic suggestion radioed to programmed assassin directing the test subject to kill its target. According  to Naval Captain Paul Tyler in a 1976 essay, “The Electromagnetic  Spectrum in Low-Intensity Conflict,” a “speed-of-light weapons effect”  could be achieved with “the passage of approximately 100 milliamperes  of directed frequency through the myocardium, leading to cardiac standstill and death.”

In 1975, a neuropsychologist Don R. Justesen, the director of  Laboratories of Experimental Neuropsychology at Veterans Administration Hospital in Kansas City, unwittingly leaked National Security Information when he published an article in American Psychologist on the influence of microwaves on living creatures’  behavior. In the article, he quoted the results of  an experiment described to him by his colleague, Joseph C. Sharp, who was working on Pandora, a secret project of the American Navy.

By radiating themselves with these ‘voice modulated’  microwaves, Sharp and Grove were readily able to hear, identify, and  distinguish among the 9 words. The sounds heard were not unlike those  emitted by persons with artificial larynxes (pg. 396).

Dr.  Milton Zaret, a leading microwave scientist was later recruited by  “Pandora,” a CIA project code-named for the study of radio-frequency-directed brain response he stated,

The CIA inquired whether I  thought electromagnetic radiation beamed at the brain from a distance could affect the way a person might act, and if microwaves could be used  to facilitate brainwashing or to break down prisoners under investigation.

It’s long been known that microwaves at certain frequencies can produce an auditory effect that sounds like it’s coming from within someone’s head. Then there’s the question of classified microwave work at Brooks Air Force Base which officials have refused to talk about.

In January 2007, Washington Post wrote on the same subject:

In 2002, the Air Force Research Laboratory patented  precisely such a technology: using microwaves to send words into  someone’s head… Rich Garcia, a spokesman for the research laboratory’s  directed energy directorate, declined to discuss that patent or current  or related research in the field, citing the lab’s policy not to comment  on its microwave work. In response to a Freedom of Information Act  request filed for this article, the Air Force released unclassified  documents surrounding that 2002 patent — records that note that the  patent was based on human experimentation in October 1994 at the Air  Force lab, where scientists were able to transmit phrases into the heads  of human subjects, albeit with marginal intelligibility. Research  appeared to continue at least through 2002. Where this work has gone  since is unclear — the research laboratory, citing classification,  refused to discuss it or release other materials.

Previous research in electromagnetic weapons has shown that low-frequency waves or beams can affect brain cells, alter psychological states and make it possible to transmit commands directly into someone’s thought process making them think it’s their own thoughts. In fact there is even a patent which suggests doing just that.

In the 1940s George Estabrooks, a Harvard University graduate, Rhodes Scholar and chairman of psychology at Colgate University, Canada, acknowledged conducting extensive  hypnosis work on behalf of the CIA, FBI and military intelligence creating Manchurian candidates. He boasted to Science Digest in 1971: “I can hypnotize a man — without his knowledge or  consent — into committing treason against the United States.” Estabrook (Bowhart. Operation Mind Control.)

Eight years later,  it was reported that a “Man Hallucinates, Says Microwaves Are Murdering Him,” in the March 21, 1979, edition of the Los Angeles Herald Examiner and later New Scientist.  That man was electronics engineer Leonard Kille, who founded the Scientific Engineering Institute (SEI) on behalf of the CIA. In  July 1968 at South Vietnam’s Bien Hoa Hospital, SEI teams had implanted electrodes in the skulls of Vietcong prisoners of war in experimental attempts to direct the behavior of brain-wired subjects by remote control.

Kille himself was a test subject of the electrodes implanted in his brain.  In 1971, a hospital attendant found Kille holding a metal wastebasket over his head in an attempt to “stop the microwaves.” A sympathetic doctor at Boston’s VA hospital, where Kille was transferred, ordered him “a large sheet of aluminum foil so he may fashion a protective helmet for himself.” Not informed that Kille had electrodes implanted his head, the VA doctors diagnosed him as a delusional paranoid individual.

In 1965 The New York Times reported obscure EMR experiments secretly funded by the government under the front-page headline: “Mind Control Coming, Scientist Warns.”  University of California psychology professor Dr.  David Krech is quoted warning, “EMR research may carry with it even more  serious implications than the achievements of the atomic physicists.”

Earlier, a 1963 CIA-issued manual on the study of Radio-Hypnotic Intra-Cerebral Control (RHIC) explained:

When a part of your brain  receives a tiny electrical impulse from outside sources, such as vision,  hearing, etc., an emotion is produced—anger at the sight of a gang of  boys beating an old woman, for example. The same emotions of anger can be created by artificial radio signals sent to your brain by a  controller. You could instantly feel the same white-hot anger without  any apparent reason.

Richard Helms oversaw military-oriented EMR research into the transmission of strategic subliminal messages into the aggregate minds of enemy populations. In a 1964 memo to the Warren Commission regarding the possibility that Lee Harvey Oswald had been a mind-controlled assassin, Helms outlined the existence  of “biological radio communication.” “Cybernetics science of communication and control theory that is concerned with  the study of automatic control systems, such as the brain and  mechanical-electrical communications,” Helms admitted, “can be used in  molding of a child’s character, the inculcation of knowledge and  techniques, the amassing of experience, the establishment of social  behavior patterns … all functions which can be summarized as control  of the growth processes of the individual.”

A subsequent CIA directive, summarized in a brochure on “cybernetic  technique” distributed by Mankind Research Unlimited, an EMR study facility in Washington, D.C., detailed the deep state’s development of a “means by which information of modest rate can be fed to humans utilizing  other senses than sight or hearing.” According to the brochure, the CIA’s cybernetic technique, “based on Eastern European research,” involved beaming information via radio frequencies to individual human nerve cells. The purpose, the directive stated, was for “the enhancement of a subject’s mental and physical performance.”

“Recently researchers from the University of Washington showed that they could send one person’s thoughts through a computer to control the hand motion of a person sitting half a mile away. The team first demonstrated this brain-to-brain connection was possible back in August 2013. But now the researchers have put the technology through more rigorous testing and are close to making it usable in real-world scenarios,” Live Science reported.

Neuroscientists in France implanted false memories into the brains of sleeping mice in 2015. Using electrodes to directly stimulate and record the activity of nerve cells, they created artificial associative memories that persisted while the animals snoozed and then influenced their behavior when they finally woke up. MIT scientist also achieved the same result using mice in a similar experiment prior in 2013.

Meanwhile, Japanese researchers have developed a trick to implant false visions into people’s brains, altering the way they experience the world and potentially even the way they think.

In 2016, Dailymail reported that scientists had discovered a disturbing trick to plant false experiences into people’s brains.

As Huffington Post reported in 2014, “Mind control is becoming a reality,” in the clear science world, while black project scientists are far ahead of these advances as this article illustrates. Knowing all this information and seeing all the cited times in history that a shooter has heard voices in their head, one has to question if all the shootings were legitimate or if some of them were deep state CIA operations. (See my article: “I HEAR VOICES: MKUltra? A Worrying Trend Of Mass Shooting Suspects Throughout History Before Committing Horrific Murders.“)

With the inadvertent release of suspicious files talking about mind control it seemed like no better time to put this article out. Will the disclosure of this technology allow for the acceptance that it exists rather than constant ridicule with tinfoil hats? This entire article is cited to its teeth — your move CIA.

Electromagnetic Weapons are Being Used to Torture and Subjugate Countless American Citizens…: http://www.biggerthansnowden.com/

• Top image credit: Truthstream Media
• Aaron Kesel writes for Activist Post where this article first appeared.  }us at Patreon. Follow us on Facebook, Twitter, Steemit, and BitChute. Ready for solutions? Subscribe to our premium newsletter Counter Markets.

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10-08-2019 om 16:03 geschreven door peter  

10-08-2019 om 01:19 geschreven door peter  

We Could Be Witnessing the Death of a Tectonic Plate, Says Earth Scientist

By Laura Geggel

The Juan de Fuca tectonic plate runs along the western coast of the United States.

(Image: © Shutterstock)

A gaping hole in a dying tectonic plate beneath the ocean along the West Coast of the United States may be wreaking havoc at Earth's surface, but not in a way most people might expect.

This gash is so big it may trigger earthquakes off the coast of Northern California and could explain why central Oregon has volcanoes, a new study found.

The researchers in the new study aren't the first to suggest that the Michigan-size Juan de Fuca (pronounced "wahn de fyoo-kuh") plate has a tear. But thanks to a new, detailed dataset, they're the first to say so with certainty. [The Science of Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift (Infographic)]

"Where other people had debated whether or not it [the tear] was there, we can pretty confidently say that it's real," study lead researcher William Hawley, a doctoral student in the Earth and Planetary Science Department at the University of California, Berkeley, told Live Science.

The Juan de Fuca plate is long, stretching about 600 miles (1,000 kilometers) along the Pacific Northwest coast, from Vancouver Island, Canada, to Cape Mendocino, California. "No part of it is above the water. It's a total oceanic plate" that's subducting, or diving beneath another plate, in this case the North American plate (a continental plate), Hawley said.

From 2011 to 2015, scientists boated out over different parts of the Juan de Fuca plate, dropped ocean-bottom seismometers underwater and let these sensors collect seismic data from earthquakes all over the world for a year.

(Image credit: William Hawley)

When the year was up, the researchers returned, fished up the seismometers and uploaded the data, which allowed them to create a tomography, or layout, of the plate. Then, they deployed the devices to other spots on the plate. "It was an enormous community effort," Hawley said.

The data from these seismometers showed how seismic waves traveled through the plate, which, in turn, revealed information about the plate's composition and varying temperatures. One region under central Oregon showed a gap in high-velocity seismic waves, which Hawley interpreted to be the hole.

But why does this hole exist? Hawley and study co-researcher Richard Allen, director of the Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, hypothesized that there is a weak zone in the Juan de Fuca plate that exists because the plate formed at two overlapping ridge segments. As this weakened zone of the oceanic plate goes under the continental plate, it unzips from the bottom up (from the underside upward), creating a gash.

"This tearing may eventually cause the plate to fragment, and what is left of the small pieces of the plate will attach to other plates nearby," the researchers wrote in the study. In other words, "we're witnessing the death of a plate," but it will take at least a few million years to die, Hawley said.

(Image credit: Shutterstock)

Hawley and Allen estimated that the hole is located at a depth of between 155 and 60 miles (250 and 100 km). The tear itself, which is narrower on top and widens with depth, is about 120 miles (200 km) wide. [Hidden Undersea Mountains Uncovered with Satellites (Photos)]

Moreover, it appears that material is getting pushed up through the tear, which may have led to the formation of the volcanoes in central Oregon's High Lava Plains about 17 million years ago, Hawley noted. In fact, it's incredible how many geographical and seismic features in the Pacific Northwest fit into the researchers' hypothesis, he said.

"The story links the hole in the tomography with this known weak zone in a plate and with a series of volcanic centers in Oregon and with a series of earthquakes and faults off the coast of Northern California," Hawley said.

The research is a "thought-provoking idea paper," said Ray Wells, a research geologist emeritus with the U.S. Geological Survey in Portland, Oregon, who was not involved with the study.

"I'm happy to see more data indicating a hole in the Juan de Fuca plate," Wells told Live Science in an email. "The coincidence of the hole with the location of a subducted zone of weakness in the Juan de Fuca plate is interesting and could help to produce a tear."

The study was published online July 11 in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.

• In Photos: The UK's Geologic Wonders
• Photos: Fiery Lava from Kilauea Volcano Erupts on Hawaii's Big Island
• Mount Etna: Photos of the Largest Active Volcano in Europe

Originally published on Live Science.

{ https://www.livescience.com/ }

09-08-2019 om 23:35 geschreven door peter  

Bernie Sanders pledges to reveal info on aliens if he wins in 2020

09-08-2019 om 01:33 geschreven door peter  

Facebook Removes Viral ‘Storm Area 51’ Event

More than two million UFO enthusiasts responded to the call of “Storm Area 51, They Can’t Stop All of Us” Facebook event page, but they recently found it suddenly blocked by Facebook because of violations to “community standards.”

The Facebook event page managed to attract a high volume of attendees and made Las Vegas strip club to pledge of bringing its dancers to entertain the masses. Without further reason, Facebook removed the page over the weekend, including the backup page set by the organizers.

The would-be raiders aired their frustration on Reddit and regrouped to share their theories. Others went to Twitter with Area 51 memes. Many agreed to the assumption that Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg is an ET from Area 51 and he does not want his secret to be disclosed to the public.

Some pointed out that the raid could still take place as everyone knew the time and the place already. Another one opined that Facebook has not heard of the Streisand effect. All hotels nearby are booked for the dates surrounding September 20.

The Pentagon has also done its part to discourage would-be raiders from pursuing their plan by issuing a warning that the US Air Force always stands ready to protect the US and its assets.

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

08-08-2019 om 22:47 geschreven door peter  

Emily Prescott

07-08-2019 om 22:22 geschreven door peter  

Mysterious 'ghost city' appears over Chinese lake due to a natural phenomenon

• Ancient buildings, trees and a giant wind turbine were among the eerie images
• The apparition appeared over the Hongze Lake in Jiangsu Province yesterday
• The sight was said to be a mirage, a form of illusion common in humid weather 
• Web users have been baffled by the old-fashion structures in the optical illusion

By TRACY YOU FOR MAILONLINE

Residents in the Chinese city of Huai'an were stunned yesterday after a giant mirage of a 'ghost city' emerged over the horizon.

The rition appeared in the afternoon over the Hongze Lake in the province of Jiangsu in eastern China, according to local media.

Ancient Chinese buildings with curved roofs, trees and a giant wind turbine were among the eerie images rising up through the mist that had descended over the lake. There is usually nothing but sky across the horizon.appa

Residents of the Chinese city of Huai'an were yesterday stunned to see the ghostly apparition of an ancient city over a freshwater lake. The unusual sight appeared on a humid afternoon

Amazed residents rushed to see the unusual spectacle, which lasted about half an hour on the south-western part of the lake, reported Jiangsu News Broadcast.  

Occupying 2,069 square kilometres (798 square miles), Hongze is the fourth largest freshwater lake in China. 

One of the eyewitnesses, a photographer named Chen Kai, told newspaper Modern Express that he spotted the sight after a rainfall.

Mr Chen said he saw a cluster of ancient Chinese buildings which stood about a dozen stories, including octagonal gate towers, city wall and residential buildings. 

The mirage was spotted by a photographer named Chen Kai who was taking pictures by the lake yesterday afternoon. It was believed to be one of the clearest mirage recorded in the area

It is believed that the sight was a mirage - a form of illusion that is common in humid weather.

The phenomenon is caused when moisture in the air becomes warmer than the temperature of water below.

As the rays of sunlight cross from the colder air into the warmer air it is 'bent' or refracted - creating a reflection in the air.

The patterns in the mirage are typically blurred and shimmering with a resemblance to human structures. They are similar to a reflection seen in water. 

Occupying 2,069 square kilometres, Hongze is the fourth largest freshwater lake in China

The director of the Hongze Lake Museum, Mr Pei, told reporters mirages had appeared in the region in the 1950s and 1960s, according to the city's archives.

The mirage yesterday was believed to be one of the clearest ever recorded in the area. 

Footage of the 'ghost city' has caused a sensation on the Chinese social media, with web users flocking to identify the structures in the optical illusion. 

Mr Chen said he was yet to find out the original site of the reflection captured on his footage. 

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

07-08-2019 om 00:20 geschreven door peter  

Ancient Drop of Water Rewrites Earth's History

The remains of a microscopic drop of ancient seawater was used to re-establish the date that plate tectonics started on Earth.

The remains of a microscopic drop of ancient seawater has assisted in rewriting the history of Earth’s evolution when it was used to re-establish the time that plate tectonics started on the planet. 

Credit:  Wits University

Plate tectonics is Earth’s vital – and unique – continuous recycling process that directly or indirectly controls almost every function of the planet, including atmospheric conditions, mountain building (forming of continents), natural hazards such as volcanoes and earthquakes, formation of mineral deposits and the maintenance of our oceans. It is the process where the large continental plates of the planet continuously move, and the top layers of the Earth (crust) are recycled into the mantle and replaced by new layers through processes such as volcanic activity.

Where it was previously thought that plate tectonics started about 2.7 billion years ago, a team of international scientists used the microscopic leftovers of a drop of water that was transported into the Earth’s deep mantle – through plate tectonics – to show that this process started 600 million years before that. An article on their research that proves plate tectonics started on Earth 3.3 billion years ago was published in the high impact academic journal, Nature, on 16 July.

Credit:  Wits University

“Plate tectonics constantly recycles the planet’s matter, and without it the planet would look like Mars,” says Professor Allan Wilson from the Wits School of Geosciences, who was part of the research team.

“Our research showing that plate tectonics started 3.3 billion years ago now coincides with the period that life started on Earth. It tells us where the planet came from and how it evolved.”

Earth is the only planet in our solar system that is shaped by plate tectonics and without it the planet would be uninhabitable.

For their research, the team analysed a piece of rock melt, called komatiite – named after the type occurrence in the Komati river near Barberton in Mpumalanga – that are the leftovers from the hottest magma ever produced in the first quarter of Earth’s existence (the Archaean). While most of the komatiites were obscured by later alteration and exposure to the atmosphere, small droplets of the molten rock were preserved in a mineral called olivine. This allowed the team to study a perfectly preserved piece of ancient lava.

“We examined a piece of melt that was 10 microns (0.01mm) in diameter, and analysed its chemical indicators such as H2O content, chlorine and deuterium/hydrogen ratio, and found that Earth’s recycling process started about 600 million years earlier than originally thought,” says Wilson. “We found that seawater was transported deep into the mantle and then re-emerged through volcanic plumes from the core-mantle boundary.”

The research allows insight into the first stages of plate tectonics and the start of stable continental crust.

“What is exciting is that this discovery comes at the 50th anniversary of the discovery of komatiites in the Barberton Mountain Land by Wits Professors, the brothers Morris and Richard Viljoen,” says Wilson.

• Contacts and sources:
  University of the Witwatersrand
• Citation: Deep hydrous mantle reservoir provides evidence for crustal recycling before 3.3 billion years ago.
  Alexander V. Sobolev, Evgeny V. Asafov, Andrey A. Gurenko, Nicholas T. Arndt, Valentina G. Batanova, Maxim V. Portnyagin, Dieter Garbe-Schönberg, Allan H. Wilson, Gary R. Byerly. Nature, 2019; 571 (7766): 555 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1399-5

Source: 

• http://www.ineffableisland.com/2019/08/ancient-drop-of-water-rewrites-earths.html

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/v3/ }

06-08-2019 om 23:52 geschreven door peter  

Linda Moulton Howe: MO41, the Incredible UFO Case Before Roswell

COAST TO COAST AM. Earthfiles investigative reporter Linda Moulton Howe presented a report on the new book, “MO41, The Bombshell Before Roswell,” interviewing its author Paul Blake Smith, a longtime Missouri resident who decided to dig deeply into the 1941 crash of a UFO near Cape Girardeau, Missouri.

The incident began on the night of April 12, 1941, when local resident, Pastor William G. Huffman, was called by police authorities to travel immediately to a crash site to give ministerial rites to three passengers, two dead and one still alive, Smith recounted.

According to Huffman, when he was escorted to the site, he saw a crashed metal spaceship, and nearby were three identical Grey aliens, “almost as if they were released from a cookie cutter.” The recovered aliens were “incinerated from within” as though they could not breathe our atmosphere, Rev. Huffman recalled.

{https://beforeitsnews.com/v3/ }

06-08-2019 om 23:28 geschreven door peter