The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
We don’t know what’s causing the shadow on these clouds in this photo by Asthadi Setyawan in Indonesia.
| Eastern sky, about an hour after sunset, on October 29, 2017. Photo taken by Asthadi Setyawan at Selorejo River Dam, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
It’s true that mountains sometimes cast shadows on clouds. See a mountain shadow and find an explanation from sky optics expert Les Cowley at his wonderful website Atmospheric Optics. But this photo – submitted to EarthSky by a photographer we’ve known for years, Asthadi Setyawan in East Java, Indonesia – is mysterious. We ran it past Les Cowley for an explanation, who wrote:
I’m unsure about this. I’ve had it in PhotoShop, and both the image and EXIF data ring genuine.
However, the lens setting was reasonably wide angle and a shadow so high from a westerly object cast onto clouds in the *eastern* sky is impossible 30 minutes after sunset. If the camera clock was accurate (?) then it was indeed 37 minutes after a tropical sunset, and the sky would be quite dark. Under those conditions the sun could not cast shadows even on stratospheric clouds.
??
In fact, Asthadi later commented, he has six different shots of this scene, all in the same direction and all with a shadow. He also confirmed:
…the sky was quite dark at that time.
There was a moon up that night, but it would have been high in the south-southeast at the time of the photo and so can’t be the shadow’s source. We also considered the town lights, but Les said that – given the fact that Asthadi was using a wide angle lens, placing the shadow edge fairly high in the sky – he couldn’t see see how surface lights could be the source. As Les commented:
A mystery!
A mystery to us, anyway. Maybe some of you have ideas. Beautiful photo, no matter what the explanation. Thank you, Asthadi and Les!
Bottom line: This photo looks like a mountain shadow on clouds, but we haven’t figured out the shadow’s source.
The ink isn’t even dry on the news stories (ask your parents what it means) about the discovery of a massive, previously unknown void or empty area inside the Great Pyramid of Giza that was being called “the discovery of the century” when the century suddenly ended as a renowned Egyptian archeologist announced that this is no big deal since they’ve known about it for years. Why did this expert void the void? Was he annoyed that they would avoid asking him first or is he paranoid that he may soon be unemployed?
“The pyramid is full of voids and that does not mean there is a secret chamber or a new discovery.”
This is no ordinary Egyptologist. Zahi Hawass is the former Minister of State for Antiquities Affairs and is involved with the ScanPyramids project, a research team using state-of-the-art non-invasive technology based on cosmic rays and muons (heavy electrons) to detect changes in the solid structure of the pyramid. The ScanPyramids team announced last week the discovery of a void (they avoided calling it a ‘chamber’ because they weren’t sure of its purpose and ‘chamber’ apparently gets pyramid fans all hot and bothered) above the Grand Gallery that was at least 100 feet long with a cross-section that made it similar in shape to the Grand Gallery. The team believed this was the first new discovery of anything inside the Great Pyramid since the 19th century.
Not so fast, said Zahi Hawass.
“[They] showed us their conclusions, and we informed them this is not a discovery.”
He told The Hindu Times that archeologists have known about this void for 25 years. The current head of the government’s antiquities council, Mustafa Waziri, gave the ScanPyramids team an archeological ass-chewing for jumping the gun with the announcement.
“The project has to proceed in a scientific way that follows the steps of scientific research and its discussion before publication.”
Let’s just say he was definitely annoyed by how the news of the void was deployed. That’s not to say this is not a big discovery, just not the discovery of the century. It appears the void has been closed since the Great Pyramid was built 4500 years ago, which would make anything inside of it, including the air itself, extremely significant. This also validates the new non-invasive technology, which can only get better.
As Shakespeare might say, the announcement last week about the void was “much ado about nothing.”
The ink isn’t even dry on the news stories (ask your parents what it means) about the discovery of a massive, previously unknown void or empty area inside the Great Pyramid of Giza that was being called “the discovery of the century” when the century suddenly ended as a renowned Egyptian archeologist announced that this is no big deal since they’ve known about it for years. Why did this expert void the void? Was he annoyed that they would avoid asking him first or is he paranoid that he may soon be unemployed?
“The pyramid is full of voids and that does not mean there is a secret chamber or a new discovery.”
This is no ordinary Egyptologist. Zahi Hawass is the former Minister of State for Antiquities Affairs and is involved with the ScanPyramids project, a research team using state-of-the-art non-invasive technology based on cosmic rays and muons (heavy electrons) to detect changes in the solid structure of the pyramid. The ScanPyramids team announced last week the discovery of a void (they avoided calling it a ‘chamber’ because they weren’t sure of its purpose and ‘chamber’ apparently gets pyramid fans all hot and bothered) above the Grand Gallery that was at least 100 feet long with a cross-section that made it similar in shape to the Grand Gallery. The team believed this was the first new discovery of anything inside the Great Pyramid since the 19th century.
Not so fast, said Zahi Hawass.
“[They] showed us their conclusions, and we informed them this is not a discovery.”
He told The Hindu Times that archeologists have known about this void for 25 years. The current head of the government’s antiquities council, Mustafa Waziri, gave the ScanPyramids team an archeological ass-chewing for jumping the gun with the announcement.
“The project has to proceed in a scientific way that follows the steps of scientific research and its discussion before publication.”
Let’s just say he was definitely annoyed by how the news of the void was deployed. That’s not to say this is not a big discovery, just not the discovery of the century. It appears the void has been closed since the Great Pyramid was built 4500 years ago, which would make anything inside of it, including the air itself, extremely significant. This also validates the new non-invasive technology, which can only get better.
As Shakespeare might say, the announcement last week about the void was “much ado about nothing.”
THE CIA DECLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS CONFIRMS EXTRATERRESTRIAL ACTIVITY ON OUR PLANET
THE CIA DECLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS CONFIRMS EXTRATERRESTRIAL ACTIVITY ON OUR PLANET
Having a glimpse into the latest declassified UFO files and high ranking government officials statements, we are witnessing how UFO phenomenon all of a sudden becomes a reality.
It is difficult to envision that we are alone in this enormous universe, particularly after high ranked officials recently showed up in broad daylight with proclamations that we are not the only one in this boundless universe, also that we already have effectively established contact with extraterrestrial species.
Dimitri Medvedev, the Russian prime minister, in 2012 made an announcement shortly after his interview that was broadcast live on 5 tv stations. The Russian ex-president uncovered to a journalist that every leader of the Kremlin is given two envelopes with classified data in regards to the visit of extraterrestrial creatures.
Image: wp.com
It didn’t take long for his words to be shared in mass across all the media and social networks which caused great interest in the general public. After all, he is a high-level official that publicly acknowledged the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations during the presidential mandate.
In an interview for Sputnik, in 1980 a famous Russian astronaut Yevgheni Krunov gave a statement that he wont deny the existence of UFOs, they are more than just optical illusions, even some of their characteristics, such as they are something other than optical deceptions, even some of their qualities, for example, the quick difference in flight course at a 90 degree edge offers us a considerable measure of something worth mulling over.
Another observer of this various bizarre and baffling phenomena is another Russian space explorer, Ghenadie Strekalov. He portrayed a marvel saw on September 28, 1980, during his day shift on the Mir space station: a flying dish above the Earth, at an altitude of 20-30 km, around Newfoundland. The atmosphere was clear and the permeability was flawless, so he could look for around 10 seconds how the circle was moving delightful distinctive shades, and afterward vanishing in the space.
As indicated by publicly released data releases, in the time of 1952 alone have been examined and affirmed 100 UFO phenomena with no intelligent clarification, that were enlisted and named in the CIA chronicles as “inexplicable”.
According the report:“Almost 100 believable confessions remain inexplicable at the moment. However, the CIA monitoring will continue and no reports will be made public.”
In the latest batch of unclassified CIA documents, the officials indicated that records don’t contain any data in regards to crushed UFOs, experiences or kidnappings, however, they are certain people, in general, will find them to a great degree captivating:
CIA declassified files
“We have decided to release to publicity a few files that even the most skeptical individuals will find appealing. Five of these files are fit for “X Files” agent Fox Mulder, but the other 5 files are perfect for his skeptical partner, agent Dana Scully.”
The declassification of these 10 records corresponds with the relaunch of the “X Files”, nonetheless, conspiracy theorists trust that CIA’s decision to make these reports open does not complement the relaunch of the new X Files series, yet rather are an endeavor to warm-up the audience for later divulgences.
“Apparently, the CIA used the rebirth of the X Files franchise to remind the people that the agency has agents investigating these cases.”, proclaims Stephen Basset, official chief of Paradigm Research Group, an association that militates at the White House all together for the legislature of the United States to concede that extraterrestrials do exist.
However, it might take some time for this world as it is to acknowledge the UFO reality, and hope remains that in the days to come, the government will soon pour the beans relating the presence of extraterrestrials.
Little is known about the phenomenon, which can sometimes be explained by exploding generators or power systems. Another explanation claims that the tectonic movement of rocks including quartz, generates a piezoelectric field which produces flashes of light.
A 2014 study said the stress of the tectonic plates can break apart pairs of negatively-charged oxygen atoms, pushing them towards the Earth’s surface and forming a light-emitting plasma when it combines with air.
A tsunami warning is in place following Friday’s earthquake, the strongest in a century. At least five people are reported dead with the number expected to rise.
TWO BROTHERS PHOTOGRAPH ASTONISHING UFO OVER CITY HALL IN 1937
TWO BROTHERS PHOTOGRAPH ASTONISHING UFO OVER CITY HALL IN 1937
An amazing UFO sighting caught on camera in 1937.
While many people are aware that the UFO phenomenon has been going on for many centuries, perhaps even thousands of years, most people tend to think of photographic evidence of bizarre anomalies in the sky that may point towards extra-terrestrial visitors as a purely modern craze. However, these fascinating photographs prove that this is not the case.
At Christmastime 1937, Leonard Lamoureaux was a twenty-one-year-old soldier on leave from the battlefields of the Second World War. He visited Vancouver City Hall on his well-earned break with his brother Wilfred and decided to take a few pictures of the dazzling Christmas light display.
When the two brothers found a good spot to take photographs, they suddenly saw what they described as a ‘bright blue light’ breaking through the sky. The object became larger and larger as it moved towards them at speed. Once it reached the peak of the city hall, it began to move slowly and in a horizontal method across the sky. Leonard quickly reached for his camera and captured an image of the amazing sight.
She provided additional details regarding this UFO encounter, all the information originating from her father’s tales and analysis of the event:
" The camera was on a tri-pod of sorts because Dad was trying to take sequential shots of the courthouse to capture all the lights. But he was not using a timed exposure, his camera was not sophisticated enough. He did say that he could actually see the bubble or tail as he called it that the object was encapsulated in."
After they took the picture, the brothers claim that the strange object disappeared rapidly and silently. They were completely stricken by the event and had no idea what it could have possibly been.
The brothers passed away quite some time ago, but the images of their notorious sighting have lived on through Leonard’s daughter Debra DeCamillis who still has the photographs and the memory of what her father told her about his astonishing sighting.
Unfortunately, the negative of the image has been lost at some point over the years. This has led to some people claiming that the bizarre picture is nothing more than a watermark defect caused during the print development process. However, Debra says that this is simply not the case as her father was very vocal about what he had seen with his own eyes on the day that the photograph was taken.
RESEMBLANCE TO UNUSUAL FRESCO PRODUCED IN 1350
The photograph is incredibly interesting in and of itself, but it has also raised excitement in UFO research circles for another reason. Some people have noticed that the object captured in this particular photograph bears a striking resemblance to this deeply unusual fresco produced in 1350.
Could there be some connection between these two historical images?
The death of an American Air Force pilot attached to the RAF was not the result of a UFO encounter but a "tragic" accident, according to today's Ministry of Defence files.
A headline from an article on the UFO theories
Captain William Schaffner's fatal crash into the North Sea on September 8, 1970, made headlines more than 20 years later over claims he was on an secret operation to intercept UFOs.
Reports emerged in 1992 that the 28-year-old USAF pilot, stationed at RAF Binbrook in Lincolnshire, disappeared after approaching a conical shape with a bright bluish light off the east coast.
The story has prompted much discussion and attracted conspiracy theories
The Grimsby Evening Telegraph published a transcript of what, according to an anonymous source, was the final conversation between radar control at Staxton Wold and the pilot, who reportedly described seeing the shape, followed by something "like a large soccer ball ... made of glass".
"It's like bobbing up and down and going from side to side slowly," he was quoted as saying, before ditching his aircraft.
Searches failed to find any trace of his Lightning plane until the wreckage was discovered weeks later, with no sign of its pilot.
But the RAF accident report showed the crash occurred when Captain Schaffner accidentally flew into the sea while on an exercise to practise shadowing low-flying targets at night.
Officials decided that while carrying out the difficult task of fixing on his target, the captain failed to monitor how low his own aircraft was and "inadvertently" flew it into the water.
When the ejection seat mechanism failed, he drowned during or after making his escape from the aircraft, they concluded.
An MoD official wrote of the report: "There is no indication of any 'unidentified aircraft' having been encountered, and no reason to suggest that there is any sort of UFO incident in any way connected with the tragic crash."
Another noted that any response from the RAF would be likely to be interpreted by alien enthusiasts who had seized on the suggestion of a mystery as evidence of further "sinister doings".
A newspaper cutting from the Grimsby Evening Telegraph reporting the disappearance
UFO expert Dr David Clarke described the supposed transcript of the pilot's final words, which had fuelled the speculation, as a "clever fake".
He said of the person who leaked the story: "I think it was somebody who was in the RAF, reading between the lines, and for reasons known only to himself decided to concoct this cock-and-bull story.
"I don't understand what it was supposed to achieve.
"All it's done is caused a lot of heartbreak for the surviving sons of Captain Schaffner, who thought they had been lied to."
A BBC Inside Out programme in 2002 also debunked the idea of any bizarre encounter being behind the death.
Reports from military sources claimed there had been unidentified objects across Grimsby, Cleethorpes, Scunthorpe, Hull, the Humber, all the way up the coast to Flamborough at the time
It's a story which continues to attract attention, conspiracy theories and intrigue.
The downing of fighter jet XS894, piloted by American Captain William Shaffner on a September evening in1970, has been officially documented as a tragic accident.
But reports of bizarre flying transparent spheres, unusual blips on the radar and the fact the aircraft was discovered with its cockpit empty and canopy shut fast has left the story open to discussion.
On the night of September 8 1970, Captain William Schaffner, an American pilot based at RAF Binbrook took off from the flight-line out into the skies over Grimsby and headed across the Humber, and out over the North Sea, heading to Flamborough. Shortly after 10.30pm his plane ditched into the North Sea, five miles south of Flamborough Head.
An air and sea search and rescue operation was launched but it would take a further four days for the joint American and British operation to cease their search.
During this period local newspapers from Grimsby, Hull and Bridlington were relaying information to the public but it was fruitless when it was revealed that the pilot had been lost.
A newspaper cutting from the Grimsby Evening Telegraph reporting the disappearance
On October 7 1970, it was revealed that the plane had been found when navy divers sailed to Flamborough onboard the HMS Kedleston but their search still did not provide answers and they returned empty handed.
The body of Captain William Schaffner was still missing and the plane remained on the sea bed.
It would take until December 1970 for the submerged plane to be brought to the surface but to everyone’s surprise the canopy over the cockpit was closed and the cockpit was empty.
The American pilot had vanished and immediately rumours began to circulate.
On Thursday, October 8 1992, the story resurfaced with a new look at the incident, which was now being described as The Riddle of Foxtrot 94, when the Grimsby Telegraph began publishing a series of articles written by Pat Otter.
Mr Otter claimed that new evidence had surfaced and the real reason behind the downing and disappearance of the pilot had a cause which was out of this world.
Mr Otter claimed the new evidence pointed to the involvement of UFOs over the region.
The story has prompted much discussion and attracted conspiracy theories
He went on to cite unnamed military sources, claiming they had seen unidentified objects across Grimsby, Cleethorpes, Scunthorpe, Hull, the Humber, all the way up the coast to Flamborough and beyond.
Captain William Schaffner during this period was on Quick Reaction Alert duty and was dispatched to investigate the blips on radar.
Days later, on Saturday, October 10 1992, a follow up report followed, stating the pilot had reported seeing a flying cone and a transparent sphere that flew around his Lightening aircraft, causing his equipment to malfunction.
It went on to claim the UFO flew much faster and out manoeuvred his plane.
The American air force, stationed in Britain at the height of the Cold War, ordered their nuclear planes to take off and join the search.
The story continued to attract attention and on Tuesday, October 13 1992, a follow up report followed, stating that all investigations into the crash had reached a brick wall. It alleged the real reason behind the crash was being covered up in a whitewash.
The story dropped off the radar, albeit for a few reports made by UFO investigators, such as Tony Dodd, who wrote about the incident in one of his books, and Bruce Barrymore Halpenny, who reported the incident in one of his Ghost Stations books.
Then in July 1994, the Grimsby Telegraph featured an article about the mass of alleged UFO sightings which had taken place over the region in 1970.
It claimed that UFOs had been sighted over Grimsby, especially over the docks, up the Humber, over Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire, across at Hull, and up the coast.
A headline from an article on the UFO theories
One of the sightings took place over Cleethorpes Pier, and it is claimed that a top secret Anglo-American operation - Operation Aeneid- was launched in an attempt to track, photograph, and ascertain what had happened.
Throughout August 1994, numerous articles appeared in the Grimsby Telegraph about these sightings, with headlines claiming radar operators had been called in to view the craft.
There were reports the unidentified craft had surrounded a fleet of Phantom jets and that a cat and mouse chase resulted in the death of Captain William Schaffner.
The story was so big it made its way across the Humber and appeared in a series of double page spreads in the Hull Daily Mail.
A transcript was published to reveal what was said between the control rooms and the Lightning aircraft piloted by Schaffner.
Nick Pope, former Ministry of Defence employee on Sec(As)2A desk, which dealt with UFO sightings, wrote about it in one of his books.
The XS894 aircraft was on its last sortie - Foxtrot 94 - when disaster struck
Other eyewitnesses told their stories, including a team at RAF Binbrook who said it was their job to investigate the crash but claimed they were stalled and that various instruments had vanished.
One of two audio transcriptions taken from that night revealed the pilot had described these strange craft.
It seemed like the case would remain a mystery but several things happened that would change the course of the story.
In 2002, Captain William Schaffner’s sons, Mike and Glenn, launched an attempt to see the official files.
Eventually the files were declassified and they showed that the incident was an unfortunate accident with a plausible explanation, even going so far as to suggest that the cockpit canopy was closed because the hydraulic fluid compresses when it gets cold, as it would on the floor of the North Sea.
Newspaper cuttings about the incident in 1970 and, left, the fighter jet XS894.
Another breakthrough in the case followed in recent years when the National Archives declassified hundreds of files containing thousands of pages. Across these are a number of interesting files, including Defe-24-2039-1-1 and Defe-24-2027-1-1, both of which contain numerous pages on the incident.
These files, whilst held in the National Archives UFO files, appear to show that the incident was a tragic accident which claimed the life of Captain William Schaffner.
Whatever side of the story you believe, the mystery continues to attract attention, theories, and counter theories.
Could it be that a fleet of UFOs flying over Grimsby followed a pilot flying from the region and downed his plane in the North Sea, or was this all just a tragic accident?
'Big void' identified in Khufu's Great Pyramid at Giza
'Big void' identified in Khufu's Great Pyramid at Giza
By Jonathan Amos BBC Science Correspondent
The mysteries of the pyramids have deepened with the discovery of what appears to be a giant void within the Khufu, or Cheops, monument in Egypt.
It is not known why the cavity exists or indeed if it holds anything of value because it is not obviously accessible.
Japanese and French scientists made the announcement after two years of study at the famous pyramid complex.
They have been using a technique called muography, which can sense density changes inside large rock structures.
The Great Pyramid, or Khufu's Pyramid, is thought to have been constructed during the reign of Pharaoh Khufu between 2509 and 2483 BC.
At 140m (460 feet) in height, it is the largest of the Egyptian pyramids located at Giza on the outskirts of Cairo.
ScanPyramids has already detected a smaller void on the northern face
The new cavity is perhaps 30m long and several metres in height
All three muon technologies sense the same feature in the same place
Khufu famously contains three large interior chambers and a series of passageways, the most striking of which is the 47m-long, 8m-high Grand Gallery.
The newly identified feature is said to sit directly above this and have similar dimensions.
"We don't know whether this big void is horizontal or inclined; we don't know if this void is made by one structure or several successive structures," explained Mehdi Tayoubi from the HIP Institute, Paris.
"What we are sure about is that this big void is there; that it is impressive; and that it was not expected as far as I know by any sort of theory."
Image copyrightSCANPYRAMIDSImage captionThe newly found void is directly above the Grand Gallery
The ScanPyramids team is being very careful not to describe the cavity as a "chamber".
Khufu contains compartments that experts believe may have been incorporated by the builders to avoid collapse by relieving some of the stress of the overlying weight of stone.
The higher King's Chamber, for example, has five such spaces above it.
The renowned American archaeologist Mark Lehner sits on a panel reviewing ScanPyramids' work.
He says the muon science is sound but he is not yet convinced the discovery has significance.
"It could be a kind of space that the builders left to protect the very narrow roof of the Grand Gallery from the weight of the pyramid," he told the BBC's Science In Action programme.
"Right now it's just a big difference; it's an anomaly. But we need more of a focus on it especially in a day and age when we can no longer go blasting our way through the pyramid with gunpowder as [British] Egyptologist Howard Vyse did in the early 1800s."
Media captionMehdi Tayoubi: "It's a big void, similar to the Grand Gallery, but what is it?"
One of the team leaders, Hany Helal from Cairo University, believes the void is too big to have a pressure-relieving purpose, but concedes the experts will debate this.
"What we are doing is trying to understand the internal structure of the pyramids and how this pyramid has been built," he told reporters.
"Famous Egyptologists, archaeologists and architects - they have some hypotheses. And what we are doing is giving them data. It is they who have to tell us whether this is expected or not."
Much of the uncertainty comes down to the rather imprecise data gained from muography.
This non-invasive technique has been developed over the past 50 years to probe the interiors of phenomena as diverse as volcanoes and glaciers. It has even been used to investigate the failed nuclear reactors at Fukushima.
Muography makes use of the shower of high-energy particles that rain down on the Earth's surface from space.
When super-fast cosmic rays collide with air molecules, they produce a range of "daughter" particles, including muons.
These also move close to the speed of light and only weakly interact with matter. So when they reach the surface, they penetrate deeply into rock.
But some of the particles will be absorbed and deflected by the atoms in the rock's minerals, and if the muon detectors are placed under a region of interest then a picture of density anomalies can be obtained.
Image copyrightSCANPYRAMIDSImage captionThe muon detectors have to be placed under the region of interest
The ScanPyramids team used three different muography technologies and all three agreed on the position and scale of the void.
Sébastien Procureur, from CEA-IRFU, University of Paris-Saclay, emphasised that muography only sees large features, and that the team's scans were not just picking up a general porosity inside the pyramid.
"With muons you measure an integrated density," he explained. "So, if there are holes everywhere then the integrated density will be the same, more or less, in all directions, because everything will be averaged. But if you see some excess of muons, it means that you have a bigger void.
"You don't get that in a Swiss cheese."
The question now arises as to how the void should be investigated further.
Jean-Baptiste Mouret, from the French national institute for computer science and applied mathematics (Inria), said the team had an idea how to do it, but that the Egyptian authorities would first have to approve it.
"Our concept is to drill a very small hole to potentially explore monuments like this. We aim to have a robot that could fit in a 3cm hole. Basically, we're working on flying robots," he said.
These mystery creatures could be the ‘First’ Interstellar species
These mystery creatures could be the ‘First’ Interstellar species
The tardigrades commonly called water bears, space bears, or moss piglets due to their appearance and movement, constitute a phylum of Ecdysozoa within the animal kingdom, characterized by being invertebrates, protostomes, segmented and microscopic (500 μm on average).
They are grouped within a large cluster of paratropes by presenting characters that suggest that they share a common ancestor with arthropods, along with onychophores.
The tardigrades were described for the first time by Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1773, who named them water bears (from the German Kleine Wasser-Bären, literally ‘water bears’) and refers to the way they walk, similar to the movement of bears.
Later, the term tardigrade (meaning “slow pace”) was given by Lazzaro Spallanzani in 1777 precisely because of the slowness of this animal.
They are resilient organisms under extremophile conditions, with unique characteristics in the animal kingdom such as being able to survive in the vacuum of space, at very high pressures 6000 atm (the atmospheric pressure on the surface of the Earth is 1 atm, so they can resist atmospheric pressures 6000 times higher), they have the ability to survive at temperatures of -200 ° C and up to 150 ° C, and can withstand prolonged dehydration (they can live for up to 10 years without water). Tardigrades are also able to withstand ionizing radiation.
Image Credit: NASA
These bizarre creatures are most likely to outlive everything until our Sun eventually swells up and becomes a red giant.
Precisely this is why they could become the first interstellar species, as scientists plan to send Tardigrades and the nematode worm on a spacecraft that will leave our solar system.
“These are real interstellar passengers,” says Philip Lubin, head of the Starlight program at the University of California, Santa Barbara, which is planning one such interstellar journey, according to Space.com.
“We are developing the capability to test whether terrestrial life as we know it can exist in interstellar space by preparing small life-forms… C. elegans and radiation-resistant tardigrades… which are ideal candidates to be our first interstellar travelers.”
Scientists are currently working on a safe plan on how to store these tiny—yet bizarre—creatures in a state known as anhydrobiosis—a dormant state induced by drought in which an organism becomes almost completely dehydrated and reduces its metabolic activity to an imperceptible level.
Scientists plan to wake them up at a specific time during their journey across the stars and study them in detail.
This unprecedented mission will provide scientists with a better understanding of how organisms could survive long cosmic journeys, but also offer insight on how life in general could spread across the universe.
“Besides being microscopic, and thus conveniently fitting on our first interstellar wafer craft, they can be frozen and put into a state of anhydrobiosis, meaning they can be dehydrated and put into suspended animation,” the team wrote on the project website. “When they are re-hydrated, they wake up as good as new!”
“Clearly, there are many technical challenges. This is a long-term humanity-changing program,” Lubin said. “The biggest challenge is that NASA, the U.S. government, does not plan 30 to 50 years ahead in space. Perhaps a public/private alliance is needed. Similarly, what may be required is a new division of NASA or new agency whose mandate is interstellar flight.”
ANCIENT HISTORY Egypt isn’t the country with the most Pyramids in the world—Sudan has more than 250
ANCIENT HISTORY - Egypt isn’t the country with the most Pyramids in the world—Sudan has more than 250
Despite the fact that when speaking about Pyramids our mind immediately jumps to Egypt, the land of the Pharaohs isn’t the country with the most number of Pyramids on Earth.
In fact, Pyramids are everywhere. It’s as if thousands of years ago, ancient civilizations around the globe decided to build pyramids all of a sudden.
Without knowing that the ancient Chinese were building Pyramids, the Ancient Aztecs, Maya, Egyptians and many other civilizations erected massive monuments that defy modern-day engineering skills.
There are literally thousands of Pyramids around the globe. There are more than 1000 pyramids in Central America alone. There are 300 Pyramids in China and over 200 Pyramids in Sudan. Egypt boasts around 120 Pyramids.
How ancient civilizations managed this, remains one of the grates mysteries for modern-day scholars.
There are modern engineers who have said: “We couldn’t do this in twenty-two years.” However, the ancients apparently were able to do it.
If we travel to an area of the Nile valley know as Nubia, we find that this land was home to three Kushite kingdoms during ancient times.
The first had its capital at Kerma (2600–1520 BC).
The second was located in Napata (1000–300 BC), while their last kingdom was based around Meroë (300 BC-AD 300).
Kerma and Meroë were areas heavily influenced by ancient Egypt in many ways, culturally, economically, politically, and militarily.
During hundreds of years, the ancient Kushite kingdoms eventually erected more than 250 pyramids at three sites in Nubia.
ASSOCIATED PRESS
These ancient structures served as tombs for the kings and queens of Napata and Meroë.
The most extensive site of Nubian Pyramids is located at Meroe.
According to scholars, during the Meroitic period around forty queens and kings were buried there.
The size and complexity of the Nubian pyramids greatly differ from their ancient Egyptian counterparts.
The ancient Nubian pyramids were built of stepped courses from horizontally positioned stone blocks.
Their height varies from approximately 6 to 30 meters.
Nearly all of the ancient Nubian pyramids were plundered in the past.
Sadly, many Nubian Pyramids were destroyed during the 18300’s when treasure hunter Giuseppe Ferlini blew the tops off from 40 tombs during his quest for treasure.
Some of the pyramids have been successfully restored, but many of the ancient monuments remain partially destroyed.
According to UNESCO, the Nubian pyramids bear decorative elements from the cultures of Pharaonic Egypt, Greece, and Rome, making them priceless ancient relics.
Eerie denizens of the ocean depths star in this video from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.
The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) posted this video on its Facebook page this weekend and wrote:
To get you in the mood for Halloween, we bring you Deep-sea Nightmares!
Starring the black sea devil (Melanocetus), a skeleton shrimp (caprellid amphipod), the vampire squid (Vampyroteuthis infernalis), a bat-faced crab (Macroregonia macrochira), the fangtooth (Anoplogaster cornuta), a giant sea spider (as big as your open fist; not an actual spider, but an arthropod called a pycnogonid), bacterial ooze (growing on a hay bale placed at 3,000 m for a carbon experiment), the witch eel (Nettastomidae), a slimy mob of hagfish feeding on a dead fish, and the bloody-belly comb jelly (Lampocteis cruentiventer).
ANCIENT NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS? DID THE ANCIENTS HAVE WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION?
ANCIENT NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS? DID THE ANCIENTS HAVE WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION?
The ancient literature is full of references to weapons of mass destruction used by the primordial gods. Many historians consider them to be mythology, with no connection to modern technology.
WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION THOUSANDS OF YEARS AGO?
But, on a more careful analysis, correlated with archaeological discoveries, these references may fall into the "history" category, with everything in the field. Even if they are amazed, even if they seem incredible, in times hard to date there have been wars in which atomic bombs and neutron bombs have been used but also military technology still unknown.
NUCLEAR WAR DESCRIBED IN INDIA'S EPIC HISTORY
In the Mahabharata, the epic grand epic poem of ancient India, convincingly and picturesque at the same time, episodes of a nuclear war are described.
A comparative analysis of myths allowed the researchers to assume that the Mahabharata speaks of sometimes that existed hundreds of thousands of years before us, about the Asura civilization which, like the Atlantians, the Lemurians, and the Hyperboreans, existed before the contemporary civilization.
There are assumptions that assimilate the Sumerian gods with the Vedic gods, claiming that there was only one devastating war between the generations of the gods that remained in the memory of men just like the Flood. And the name of the great Vedic War is Kurukshetra, which reminds of the "Sumerian Myths of Kur".
The ancient civilization of the Indus was in commercial relations with the Sumerian civilization, as evidenced by the many seals found in the Mesopotamian royal archives.
The physical traces left by the wars, where nuclear weapons (vitrified sand, vitrified fortifications, skeletons, soil, and radioactivity) are used, exist in all places where "mythology" places conflicts.
The great Vedic War, in which atomic bombs were used, also included a young generation of gods and the leading clan. They were all related. And some and others have used powerful weapons of destruction and, ultimately, atomic bombs and/or neutrons. These weapons, have been described in Mahabharata and Rigveda.
Like the Sumerian and Biblical cities, and the great cities of the Indus, Harappa, and Mohenjo-Daro, there are obvious "traces" of nuclear and neutron destruction. The skeleton on the streets, many holding hands, caught in the run of catastrophe that suddenly fell on them, are among the most radioactive, similar to those of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. They were dated at 2,500 BC, but radioactivity can change the dating in the sense that it looks a much more recent date. Russian historian A. Gorbovski reported finding a skeleton with a 50-fold higher radioactivity than normal.
At Mohenjo-Daro, a thick layer of green glass was also discovered, resulting in the melting of the clay over 1,500 degrees. It was argued that the epicenter of the explosion was also found, where everything is crystallized, melted or forming a glass conglomerate.
The mysterious shiny black stones found in the epicenter were actually clay pots, melted at an extreme temperature. There were only 44 skeletons found on the street across the city, indicating that they knew what to do next, and the population had run away early.
The possibility of ancient nuclear wars, called the prehistoric nuclear wars, was first proposed by author Erich von Daniken in the 1960s.
His theory states that nuclear weapons were produced and used by ancient cultures or by ancient astronauts in the distant past. Von Daniken and other authors claim that they have found evidence of nuclear weapons in the Bible in the Mahabharata text in the Libyan desert - glass and vitrified architecture.
Ancient cities whose stone walls have been literally vitrified can be found in India, Ireland, Scotland, France, Turkey and elsewhere. There is no logical explanation for the vitrification of stone forts and cities, apart from an atomic explosion.
ORIGINAL FOOTAGE FROM THE BATTLE OF LOS ANGELES UFO SIGHTING - 1942
ORIGINAL FOOTAGE FROM THE BATTLE OF LOS ANGELES UFO SIGHTING - 1942
If you ask people about the first major UFO encounter in the US, chances are the answer is Roswell. Most people (including UFO enthousiasts) forget about the famous battle of Los Angeles UFO encounter back in 1942.
That UFO encounter may score less on the UFO popularity scale, however this event could be much more important for the future of our planet and human civilization.
The Roswell UFO crash story comes down to the fact that an extraterrestrial vehicule malfunctioned and crashed to earth. Humanity was not to blame for the cause of the crash.
VIDEO FOOTAGE OF THE EVENT
On the 24th of February of 1942 however (right after the start of WW2), we might have had a true first contact with an extraterrestrial intelligence... and the US army decided to answer that invite with more than 1,400 anit aircraft shells.
Air raid sirens sounded throughout Los Angeles when a unidentified object invaded the guarded airspace. Numerous search lights were aimed at the object while the anti aircraft guns were blazing.
Some people may have heard about this sighting, very few know that there is actual footage of this event. It clearly shows the search lights aiming for the object while 12.8-pound anti aircraft shells are flying through the air. In the focus area of the search light we can see a saucer shaped aircraft.
If this was a real first contact with a UFO, we sure made a great impression.
ANOTHER person has come forward claiming they have photographed a “flying saucer” on their smartphone, following a UFO sighting on the Great Barrier Reef.
But a professional photographer has come up with a simple explanation for the extraterrestrial image.
Sydney resident Carmen Schluter contacted the Cairns Post after reading of the sighing of an unexplained object that appeared in photos a Cairns woman took off Fitzroy Island last Saturday.
The object, which was not visible to the naked human eye, appeared to be a luminous green orb, shrouded in a flying saucer shape.
Ms Schluter said she had photos of a similar object, which she shot at Milperra on her smartphone, near Sydney last Tuesday morning.
“I have had photographer friends look at it,” she said.
“They are not sure either, (they think it’s) maybe lens flare, but it’s not conclusive.
“I was happy with the theory it's a spirit taken on my iPhone.”
Cairns Post photographer Brendan Radke, however, believed both the Fitzroy Island and Milperra photos simply showed lens flares.
“It occurs when there is internal reflections inside the lens,” he said.
“It can occur whether you are using a digital SLR, or a smartphone — any camera that uses a lens with multiple lens elements.”
Mr Radke, who has been a professional photographer for 13 years, said lens flare was especially common on smartphones, as lens elements were stacked closer together compared to SLR cameras.
“Camera manufacturers use all types of technology to reduce lens reflections, but it doesn’t always eliminate this, especially when you are shooting into the sun,” he said.
Stephen Hawking warns: Artificial Intelligence could REPLACE humans
Stephen Hawking warns: Artificial Intelligence could REPLACE humans
Professor Hawking has said that Artificial Intelligence could replace humans. “I fear that AI may replace humans altogether. If people design computer viruses, someone will design AI that improves and replicates itself. This will be a new form of life that outperforms humans.”
Professor Stephen Hawking has issued a new stark warning regarding Artificial Intelligence. According to the world-renowned genius, robots will soon be considered a new form of life which can outperform humans, and eventually replace humans.
Professor Hawking has already spoken out in the past regarding the potential dangers of artificial intelligence, saying that humans should tread carefully when it comes to developing robots.
Now, during an interview with wired, Professor Hawking warned that AI will soon reach a level where they could be considered a new life form on Earth and outperform humans.’
Professor Hawking said that Artificial Intelligence might replace humans altogether, although he didn’t specify a timeline for his predictions.
“I fear that AI may replace humans entirely. If people create computer viruses, someone will create AI that develops and replicates itself. This will be a new form of life that outperforms humans.” During the interview, Professor Hawking also urged more people to take a part in science, warning that there would be ‘serious consequences’ if this didn’t happen.
Professor Hawking also said that we need to start developing a new space programme, with ‘with a view to ultimately colonizing suitable planets for human habitation.’
“I believe we have entered the point of no return. Our Planet is becoming too small for us, global population is growing at an alarming rate, and we are in danger of self-destructing.”
In 2016, Hawking made several warnings when speaking about Robots saying that we could soon reach a point where artificial intelligence could develop a will of its own that is in conflict with that of humanity. “I believe there is no deep difference between what can be achieved by a biological brain and what can be achieved by a computer,” said Professor Hawking at a conference in Cambridge at the launch of The Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence
“It, therefore, follows that computers can, in theory, emulate human intelligence – and exceed it.”
Professor Hawking said the potential benefits were many and the technological revolution could help mankind undo some of the damage done to the natural world by industrialization.
However, he warned that “In short, success in creating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civilization.”
It is one of the great wonders of the ancient world; since long before Herodotus first wrote of its magnificence, describing the casing stones and their curious characters, and the more than 100,000 men who labored for two decades to complete it, the Great Pyramid has towered over the Earth, and the imaginations of men across the globe.
Hence it is with great intrigue that a new discovery has been revealed within the Great Pyramid, indicating a mysterious “void” estimated to be at least 100 feet in length. It is the first new discovery of an inner structure within the pyramid since the 19th century.
Mehdi Tayoubi, a co-founder of the nonprofit group that conducted the research, said of the discovery that, “No very big structure has not been discovered inside the Khufu pyramid since the Middle Ages,” emphasizing the significance of the new information.
Mirroring Tayoubi’s sentiments, Egyptologist Yukinori Kawae told National Geographic that, “This is definitely the discovery of the century.”
“There have been many hypotheses about the pyramid,” Kawae says, “but no one even imagined that such a big void is located above the Grand Gallery.”
Theories about the void (archaeologists have presently taken great care not to refer to the discovery as a “chamber”) range from an area engineered to relieve stress from the weight of large quantities of stone in the massive structure, to a possible cavity similar to that of the Grand Gallery itself.
The area is believed to have a cross section that bears similarity to the Grand Gallery in length and general size, and is estimated to be nearly 100 feet long (98 feet, by one estimate).
History tells us the Great Pyramid (or “Khufu’s pyramid” as it is also called, named after the Pharaoh to which it is attributed) was constructed around 2560. Traditions associated with the monument, along with interpretations of modern Egyptologists, relate that the structure was built to ensure the immortality of Khufu–a veritable god among men–as he passed into the afterlife.
The new discovery was truly a multidisciplinary effort, employing innovative physics along with archaeological research. With assistance from the Egyptian government, what is called the “ScanPyramids project” has been a two year collaboration with Egypts’ Heritage Innovation Preservation project, based out of Cairo University.
The ScanPyramids project relied on cosmic rays to be able to study the interior of the pyramid in a non-invasive way (contrasting sharply with earlier excavations carried out in the 19th century by Howard Vyse, who blasted his way through parts of the structure with gunpowder when necessary). The ScanPyramids team were able to rely on muons–which are essentially “heavy” electrons–to help detect structural changes within the pyramid, by setting up a muon telescope directly in front of the structure.
“When they hit objects on the ground, they act exactly like X-rays: Dense objects absorb them; less dense objects let them pass through. The ScanPyramids team used photographic plates sensitive to muons. These photographic plates were placed inside the already-explored chambers of the pyramid and around the outside of the structure. The data from each plate was then combined to make a map of the void.”
The discovery has been met with mixed opinions, and while fascinating, some outlets (including the New York Times) suggest that it’s not all that mysterious. The NYT went on to note that talk among the archaeological community, “questioned whether the study offered any new information about the ancient Egyptians,” further noting that the room was likely a structural necessity, as opposed to being, “a hidden room filled with the pharaoh’s riches.”
Whatever its purpose may yet be shown to be, the discovery remains, without question, among the most significant recent finds at the Giza complex, and will continue to assist in shaping our knowledge of the ancient world.
“The UFO got in the way of the sun, causing the earth to seem darker, and this would make the ball of light show up even more where the children were.”
What is this retired Presbyterian pastor talking about? If you think this sounds like the apparitions seen by three children in Fatima, Portugal, 100 years ago – except for the UFO part – you must be a fan of Reverend Barry Downing, who makes this and many other astonishing claims in his new book, Biblical UFO Revelations: Did Extraterrestrial Powers Cause Ancient Miracles?. Wait until you hear what he thinks about the burning bush and the pillar of fire.
Barry Downing isn’t just the Pastor emeritus of Northminster Presbyterian Church in Endwell, New York. He has bachelor’s degree in physics, a degree from Princeton Theological Seminary and a Ph.D. in the relation between religion and science from the University of Edinburgh of Scotland. He’s been enlightening and aggravating both theologians and ufologists since 1968 when he published his first book, The Bible and Flying Saucers, in which he equates biblical angels with space aliens.
“Church people have trouble with what I’m doing. People who’ve seen UFOs have no problem.”
That’s an understatement, considering Pope Francis talks about baptizing extraterrestrials while there are other Catholic Church leaders still arguing about Galileo. In an interview with Sean Casteel (who contributed to the book) on the website Unexplained Mysteries, Reverend Downing explains what’s in his new book, which is both an update and a sequel to the first:
“My argument is that the Exodus UFO, the pillar of cloud and fire, which appeared cloud-like during the day and glowed in the dark, used its propulsion system to split the waters of the Red Sea and save Israel from the Egyptians.”
Did religious scholars just feel a disturbance in the force? Downing calls the description of this event in Exodus 14:19-30 a “very detailed environmental impact statement.” He also looks at another significant phenomenon in that book as evidence of an encounter with an alien.
“What is not amazing to me is not that we had a burning bush … we had a talking bush. A voice came to Moses from the bush.”
Downing also returns to his idea that angels were aliens who took Moses on their spaceship to receive the 10 Commandments and specifications for the Tabernacle and the Ark of the Covenant. Statements like these have been made by others and can certainly sound believable, at least to ufologists. Where Reverend Downing will likely get criticized is in statements about close encounters of the New Testament kind that he spells out on the back cover:
** That Jesus was an extraterrestrial sent to earth to rid the world of sin and wickedness, quoting Biblical text to support his claim. ** That Jesus left earth in a spaceship to another planet, or perhaps another spatial dimension.
Good luck seeing Pope Francis at your next book signing, Reverend. He won’t see any government officials (other than possibly the Men in Black) there either with his idea that a possible government cover-up of UFOs is more because the aliens are angels rather than the fear of revealing advanced technology.
Downing just asks readers to keep an open mind.
“This book is for the faithful as well as those who are primarily interested in unexplained historical phenomena as revealed in Biblical as well as other ancient texts, as well as seekers of censored truths concerning the hidden and forbidden knowledge of mankind.”
Sounds like the perfect book to help get over the disappointment of the JFK assassination files.
Secret chamber found in the Great Pyramid of Giza (Video)
Secret chamber found in the Great Pyramid of Giza (Video)
A long-hidden narrow cavity in the Great Pyramid of Giza has been found by scientists in a discovery that could finally reveal the secrets of the 4,500-year-old monument.
Location of the cavity, see the white dots in the above image.
Described as a 'deep void', it is at least about 100 feet long and up to 230 feet above ground, running over the Grand Gallery, an ascending corridor that links the Queen’s chamber to the King’s in the heart of the pyramid, reports Dailymail in their in-depth article on this discovery.
It is not known why the void exists or if there are any valuable artifacts inside as it is not obviously accessible. More research will be conducted to reveal the secrets of this cavity which is so big, it’s like a plane with 200 seats in the heart of the pyramid, explains AFP Medhi Tayoubi, co-director of the project ScanPyramids at the origin of the discovery.
See below the interesting video of ScanPyramids using advanced non-invasive technologies which allow them to see through stone walls to discover any voids or internal unknown structures.
As scientists have learned more about our solar system, they've realized our best bet for finding life in the neighborhood is buried in ice-covered oceans. But those ice shells make them difficult to study, which is why NASA is investing in state-of-the-art technology to understand what's happening beneath the surface of these potentially habitable places, like Enceladus, one of Saturn's moons.
That's probably fine, since SELFI is still in the works anyway. The machine represents a huge step forward in what are known as submillimeter wavelength devices. Submillimeter wavelength is a fancy term for the type of light the machine will be able to see, and it's a burgeoning target for astronomical observations, since relatively little work has been done in that range.
Different types of chemical compounds produce different fingerprints in submillimeter wavelength light, which SELFI will be able to use to identify 13 ingredients. “Molecules such as water and carbon monoxide, and others, are like little radio stations that broadcast on very specific frequencies that say, ‘Hey, I’m water, I’m carbon monoxide,’” said Gordon Chin, the NASA scientist leading the project, in a press release. Other targeted chemicals include ammonia, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and table salt.
Analyzing Enceladus's jets may help scientists determine whether there is life on Saturn's moon.
NASA/JPL-CALTECH/SPACE SCIENCE INSTITUTE
All 13 of those ingredients are of interest to planetary scientists, but they're particularly interested in water, so Chin and his colleagues are currently working to make SELFI extra-sensitive to that specific chemical fingerprint. They're hoping to have it all ready to add to NASA's first Enceladus mission, whenever that is approved.
The Cassini spacecraft detected hydrogen in the plume of gas and icy material spraying from Enceladus during its deepest and last dive through the plume on Oct. 28, 2015. This graphic illustrates a theory on how water interacts with rock at the bottom of the moon’s ocean, producing hydrogen gas. A Goddard team wants to develop an instrument that would reveal even more details about the hydrothermal vents and perhaps help answer if life exists on this ocean world.
Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Southwest Research Institute
Right now, the agency has only committed to sending an orbiter to Enceladus's leading competitor for life on an icy moon, Jupiter's Europa. That mission is scheduled to launch during the 2020s. Just like Enceladus, Europa likely hides a water ocean underneath a frozen crust, although Europa doesn't sport Enceladus's geysers that helpfully bring the ocean closer to orbiting spacecraft. It's highly unlikely NASA will approve a mission to land on either moon, since that would risk contaminating a habitable world with Earth cooties.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 75 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
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Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
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