{ https://www.hln.be/}

20-01-2021 om 14:42 geschreven door peter  

It seems one can’t throw a stone or a dried camel turd in Egypt without hitting an ancient tomb with coffins and sarcophagi dating back to the pharaohs, but hitting an actual pharaoh or queen’s tomb is still a rarity. That may be why news of the recent discovery of 22 burial shafts, with one containing 54 coffins, and dozens of mummies and artifacts was quickly overshadowed by the announcement of the uncovering of the funerary temple of Queen Nerat, the wife of King Tati (or Teti), whose pyramid is nearby. The discovery is in the Saqqara archaeological site in Memphis where hundreds of coffins and well-preserved mummies have been found recently. Why does the head of the project say this discovery “rewrite the history of Saqqara during the New Kingdom, in addition to confirming the importance of the worship of King Teti during the 19th Dynasty of the New Kingdom”?

“The mission discovered the layout of the temple in which the queen’s tomb was being revived, and the mission also found within the temple three mud-brick warehouses attached to the temple in the southeastern side – these stores were built to store temple provisions, offerings and tools.”

Sistrum inscribed with the name of Teti.

While the popular movie depictions of ancient Egypt and mummies generally imply that most if not all of them were pharaohs or their relatives, this site and discovery – described in a Facebook post – led by Dr. Zahi Hawass with help from the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities and Bibliotheca Alexandrina, shows that coffin-building and mummification was a thriving business for the common folk as well. Not only were there rooms for the carpenters and mummifiers, the shafts were filled with hundreds of wooden coffins from the New Kingdom (16th century BCE to 11th century BCE). (Photos here and here.)

An adorned wooden sarcophagus is displayed during the official announcement of the discovery by an Egyptian archaeological mission of a new trove of treasures at Egypt's Saqqara necropolis south of Cairo, on January 17, 2021.

(Khaled DESOUKI / AFP)

CORRECTS DAY OF WEEK TO SUNDAY -- A trove of ancient coffins and artifacts on display that Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass and his team unearthed in a vast necropolis, in Saqqara, south of Cairo, Egypt, January 17, 2021.

(AP Photo/Nariman El-Mofty)

An ancient coffin is on display that Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass and his team unearthed in a vast necropolis filled with burial shafts, coffins and mummies dating back to the New Kingdom 3000 BC, January 17, 2021, in Saqqara, south of Cairo, Egypt.

(AP Photo/Nariman El-Mofty)

CORRECTS DAY OF WEEK TO SUNDAY -- The excavation site where Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass and his team unearthed a trove of ancient coffins, artifacts, and skulls in a vast necropolis south of Cairo, Egypt, January 17, 2021, in Saqqara, south of Cairo, Egypt.

(AP Photo/Nariman El-Mofty)

An ancient coffin is on display that Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass and his team unearthed in a vast necropolis filled with burial shafts, coffins and mummies dating back to the New Kingdom 3000 BC, January 17, 2021, in Saqqara, south of Cairo, Egypt.

(AP Photo/Nariman El-Mofty)

Egyptian security officers man their station across from the step pyramid of Djoser at the Saqqara necropolis south of Cairo, on January 17, 2021.

(Khaled DESOUKI / AFP)

Egyptologist Zahi Hawass poses for a picture during the official announcement of the discovery by an archaeological mission he leads of a new trove of treasures at Egypt’s Saqqara necropolis south of Cairo, on January 17, 2021.

(Khaled DESOUKI / AFP)

An unearthed stele is displayed during the official announcement of the discovery by an Egyptian archaeological mission of a new trove of treasures at Egypt’s Saqqara necropolis south of Cairo, on January 17, 2021.

(Khaled DESOUKI / AFP)

Ancient skull and bones are on display that Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass and his team unearthed in a vast necropolis filled with burial shafts, coffins and mummies dating back to the New Kingdom 3000 BC, January 17, 2021, in Saqqara, south of Cairo, Egypt.

(AP Photo/Nariman El-Mofty)

Visitors walk past a wooden sarcophagus which is still buried, during the official announcement of the discovery by an archaeological mission he leads of a new trove of treasures at Egypt's Saqqara necropolis south of Cairo, on January 17, 2021.

(Khaled DESOUKI / AFP)

“The discoveries found in the shaft are considered one of the most important findings uncovered in the Saqqara region, and date back to the New Kingdom.

Inside the shafts, the mission discovered large numbers of archaeological artifacts and a large number of statues that represent deities such as the god Osiris and Ptah-Soker-Osiris, in addition the mission found a papyrus, whose length reached four meters and one meter in width, representing Chapter 17 from the Book of the Dead, and the name of its owner is recorded on it (Pw-Kha-Ef). The same name was found on four ushabti statuettes, and on an anthropoid wooden coffin. Many beautiful ushabti statuettes made of wood, stone and faience have been found dating back to the New Kingdom.”

Pyramid texts from Teti I’s pyramid at Saqqara

Not much is known or revealed about Queen Neit (or Nearit in some announcements). It appears this may be Iput, the mother of Pepi I, the third pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty. As the press release points out, the big deal is the shaft filled with coffins and artifacts that appears to have never been looted. All of this means King Tati and his queen (at least the first one) were revered a thousand years after their deaths and the funeral business boomed as a result. Based on that, more shafts, coffins, mummies, temples, and artifacts will undoubtedly be found – with or without the benefit of a camel turd toss. And that is the real reason why this discovery is so important to Egypt.

“Dr. Zahi Hawass confirms that this discovery is considered the most important archaeological discovery during the current year and will make Saqqara, along with other discoveries, an important tourist and cultural destination.

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19-01-2021 om 17:22 geschreven door peter  

Oldest Tool Use Thrown Back To Two million Years In Oldupai Gorge Find

An interdisciplinary team of researchers have unearthed the oldest stone tools at the oldest archaeological site in the famous Oldupai Gorge, popularly known as the Cradle of Humankind. Their discoveries also reveal how the earliest hominins coped with climate change two million years ago.

An Acheulean hand-axe from the Olduvai Gorge is pictured in an undated file photo. 

PHOTO BY GERALD CORSI /iStock/Getty Images Plus

The new study is published in  Nature Communications  and provides an ecological perspective on early human adaptability two million years ago. It is focused on Ewass Oldupai - the oldest archaeological site in Oldupai (formerly Olduvai) Gorge. The study demonstrates how hominins adapted to the region’s diverse environmental conditions over a 200,000 year period.

New interdisciplinary field work has led to the discovery of the oldest archaeological site in Oldupai Gorge, which shows that early humans used a wide diversity of habitats amidst environmental changes across a 200,000 year-long period.

( Michael Petraglia )

Discoveries at Oldupai Gorge, the Famous Cradle of Humankind

Oldupai Gorge  is a very important paleoanthropological site located in Tanzania in the Great Rift Valley. For more than a century, researchers have been excavating in this area, and cumulatively they have found hundreds of fossils and stone tools which date back millions of years. The site was made famous by  Louis and Mary Leakey  and is a UNESCO World Heritage site.

EurekAlert! reports that, despite the long history of surveys and excavations at the Oldupai Gorge, there has been a lack of ecological studies associated with the cultural remains which have been found there. This allows the new study to cast light on the environmental contexts in which the early hominins lived.

• Did Early Humans Cook Their Food in Thermal Springs?
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• Ten Discoveries That Rewrote History

The study comes from an international and interdisciplinary team of researchers from the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Germany, the University of Calgary in Canada, and the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. The researchers convened for excavations at the Ewass Oldupa and they have unearthed the oldest Oldowan stone tools ever found at Oldupai Gorge. The stone tools date from roughly 2 to 1.8 million years ago.

Excavations at Ewass Oldupa uncovered the oldest Oldowan stone tools ever found at Oldupai Gorge, dating to ~2 million years ago, and also unearthed fossils of mammals, reptiles and birds.

( Michael Petraglia )

Remaining Stable in Changing Environments

Paleoanthropologists at the site studied fossils from a variety of animals, including primates, wild cattle and pigs, hippos, panthers, lions, hyenas, reptiles, and birds. They found that over 200,000 years, the habitat changed and included fern meadows, woodland mosaics, naturally burned landscapes, lakeside palm groves and dry steppe environments.

Outcrop geometry, stratigraphic architecture, and idealized vegetation at Ewass Oldupa. a) Post-eruptive, fern meadow. b) Coarse Feldspar Crystal Tuff  mosaics. c) Woodland with palms and ferns. d) Grasslands. e) Open woodland. f) Asteraceae-dominated scrub.

(Mercader, J. et al.  Nature 2021 )

The combined paleoanthropological and archaeological evidence shows that hominin activities recurred, but were periodically absent in the changing environment. Dr. Pastory Bushozi of Dar es Salaam University, Tanzania,  said that “the occupation of varied and unstable environments, including after volcanic activity, is one of the earliest examples of adaptation to major ecological transformations.”

Even though the environment was changing, the researchers found that the prehistoric hominin toolkits remained more or less the same. The iconic  Oldowan pebble and cobble cores, sharp-edged flakes, and polyhedral cobbles were still used to butcher animals and process plants, no matter how the habitat changed over the 200,000 years.

Who Made the Ewass Oldupa Tools?

You may be wondering by now which group of our prehistoric ancestors made the oldest Oldowan  stone tools  ever found at Oldupai Gorge. The possible toolmaker group is not certain, since no hominin fossils have been found at Ewass Oldupa yet, but it has been narrowed down to three possible hominin species.

Selection of stone tools from Ewass Oldupa.  

(Mercader, J. et al.  Nature 2021 )

One possibility is that  Homo habilis  created the tools. Their fossils have been found in 1.82-million-year-old deposits at a location just 350 meters (1148.29 ft.) away from Ewass Oldupa. Professor Julio Mercader of the University of Calgary  stated that “these early humans were surely ranging widely over the landscape and along shores of the ancient lake.”

But Mercader also noted that  australopithecines were also around Ewass Oldupa at the time and probably making and using stone tools in the area and members of the  Paranthropus genus also lived in Oldupai Gorge in the same time period; both of these groups could be not be ruled out as the prehistoric toolmakers.

Setting the Stage for Bigger Things

The researchers  write that their findings at Oldupai Gorge are “unique for this period and depicts complex behavior among early  Pleistocene hominins.” They explain  that the ability of the hominins to adapt to the changing environments at Oldupai Gorge prepared our prehistoric ancestors for bigger goals.

Combining the recent Oldupai Gorge discoveries with other finds across eastern Africa suggests that by 2 million years ago, hominins had the behavioral abilities they needed to expand into  new ecosystems , and they used those abilities. As Professor Michael Petraglia of the Max Planck Institute  noted that “This behavioural flexibility arose in the context of the dawn of the evolution of our own genus, Homo, and it set the stage for the eventual global, invasive  spread of Homo sapiens .”

• Top Image: The excavations uncovered the oldest Oldowan stone tools ever found at Oldupai Gorge, dating to ~2 million years ago.
• Source:  Michael Petraglia / Mercader, J. et al.,  Nature 2021

By Alicia McDermott

{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/ }

19-01-2021 om 00:23 geschreven door peter  

18-01-2021 om 20:31 geschreven door peter  

Beetle fossilised in amber reveals earliest evidence of prehistoric pollination as scientists discover the insect had flower traces on its feet when it died 99million years ago

• The beetle was found in amber from a mine in north Myanmar's Hukawng Valley

• Researchers have named the new insect species Angimordella burmitina

• 62 grains of pollen were found on the beetle's legs under a special microscope

• The shape of each grain revealed they had evolved to be spread by such insects 

By IAN RANDALL FOR MAILONLINE

The earliest-known example of a pollinating insect has been found preserved in amber dating back to around 99 million years ago, researchers report.

The fossilised tumbling flower beetle was found with pollen still stuck to its legs preserved in amber from deep inside a mine in northern Myanmar's Hukawng Valley.

The find pushes back the earliest-documented instance of insect pollination to around 50 million years earlier than previously thought.

The preserved insect is a newly discovered species of beetle which researchers have named Angimordella burmitina.

Scroll down for video

The earliest-known example of a pollinating insect, pictured, has been found preserved in amber dating back to around 99 million years ago, researchers report

The find pushes back the earliest-documented instance of insect pollination to around 50 million years earlier than previously thought. Pictured, an artist's impression of the beetle

'It's exceedingly rare to find a specimen where both the insect and the pollen are preserved in a single fossil,' said paper author and biologist David Dilcher, of Indiana University.

'Aside from the significance as earliest known direct evidence of insect pollination of flowering plants, this specimen perfectly illustrates the cooperative evolution of plants and animals during this time period.'

This, he added, was when 'a true exposition of flowering plants occurred.'

Professor Dilcher and colleagues analysed the 62 pollen grains found with the beetle preserved in the amber — finding that they had evolved specifically to be spread through contact with such insects.

'These [tell-tale] features include the pollen's size, ornamentation and clumping ability,' he explained.

'The grains also likely originated from a flower species in the group eudicots, one of the most common types of flowering plant species.'

'The pollen was not easy to find,' said paper co-author and amber fossil expert Bo Wang, of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

'The powdery substance was revealed hidden in the insect's body hairs under confocal laser microscopy.'

'The analysis took advantage of the fact that pollen grains glow under fluorescence light, contrasting strongly with the darkness of the insect's shell.'

Professor Dilcher and colleagues analysed the 62 pollen grains found with the beetle preserved in the amber — finding that they had evolved specifically to be spread through contact with such insects

'Aside from the significance as earliest known direct evidence of insect pollination of flowering plants, this specimen perfectly illustrates the cooperative evolution of plants and animals during this time period,' said Professor Dilcher. Pictured, an artists impression of the beetle

The preserved insect — seen here in its amber prison — is a newly discovered species of beetle which researchers have named Angimordella burmitina

The insect trapped in the amber is a newly discovered species of beetle, which the study's authors have named 'Angimordella burmitina'.

The team determined that it was a pollinator based on its body shape and having pollen-feeding mouth-parts, which they studied using a microscopic imaging method called X-ray micro-computed tomography.

Prior to this study, the earliest physical evidence for insects pollinating flowering plants came from 50 million years ago, in the so-called Middle Eocene period.

The age of the new fossil was determined by correlation with the ages of other known fossils in the same location from which the fossilised beetle was discovered.

The full findings of the study were published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The fossilised tumbling flower beetle was found with pollen still stuck to its legs preserved in amber from deep inside a mine in northern Myanmar's Hukawng Valley

Read more:

• www.pnas.org/cgi...

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17-01-2021 om 21:56 geschreven door peter  

Anunnaki & Nephilim Evidence, Sky People, Thousands of Years Ago Visited America, 11,500 B.C. Astronauts & Robots Painted in Stone

Anunnaki & Nephilim Evidence, Sky People, Thousands of Years Ago Visited America

11,500 B.C. Astronauts & Robots Painted in Stone, Ancient Star Travelers

These Petroglyphs are thousands of Years Old and it appears this is a Galactic Federation of Sorts, Look at the Mantis Man, Ant Man, Ancient Astronaut, Possible Spaceship and Even Details of the 7 Circles on a Being that appears to have some type of Spacesuit or , you can go with the Electric Universe Theory, of its being Plasma and Atmospheric Conditions of Extreme Events, why not both is my question?

{  https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

17-01-2021 om 18:20 geschreven door peter  

A large female statue wearing a Star Wars-like headdress was found in a citrus field in the town of Hidalgo Amajac which is located in Veracruz, Mexico. The large 6’5” limestone statue dates back about 500 years during the late Postclassic period (between the years 1450 and 1521). At the widest part of the statue, it measured almost 2 feet in width and about 10 inches in thickness. It also has a spike at the bottom of the statue so that it could stand upright.

According to Mexico’s National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH), the statue shows a young woman who is wearing fancy clothing (long-sleeved shirt and a long skirt but bare feet) as well as very elaborate jewelry that included tassel-like earrings, a circular pendant called a “oyohualli” that was on a thick chain, and a headdress that looked very similar to the one that Ahsoka Tano wore in Star Wars.

The statue’s face made the female appear surprised as her mouth and eyes were wide open. In a statement, María Eugenia Maldonado Vite, who is an archaeologist at the INAH Veracruz Center and who is leading the excavation, went into further details about the statue, “The style of the young woman from Amajac is similar to representations of Huastec goddesses of the Earth and fertility, but with an external influence, possibly [the indigenous group] Nahua, as can be seen in the inlaid eye socket — a feature that does not belong to Classical Huasteca sculpture.” “In addition, the cloth that Huastec women present in front of the skirt is always smooth, and this one has an ornament of knots and ribbons on it.”

So who exactly was this mysterious woman depicted in the statue? She could have been an important member of society or “possibly a ruler, because of her posture and attire, rather than a deity,” as stated by Maldonado Vite.

The statue was found in a citrus field.

The statue is still currently in possession of the owners of the citrus orchard, although they are in talks with the INAH about possibly transferring ownership.

Further examinations of the statue are being planned by archaeologists. Future studies of the citrus orchard are also being talked about because while it was a previously unknown site to archaeologists, Maldonado Vite saw several small structures that could have possibly been residential buildings from the pre-Columbian era.

Pictures of the statue can be seen here.

Farmers found the 500-year-old statue of mysterious woman (left), who has a headdress that looks like the head ornamentation of "Star Wars" former Jedi apprentice Ahsoka Tano (right), whose Hasbro action figure is shown here.

(Image: © María Eugenia Maldonado Vite; Shutterstock)

{https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

16-01-2021 om 22:18 geschreven door peter  

A team of international archaeologists and paleoanthropologists unearthed a big amount of stone tools dating back 2 million years during the Early Pleistocene period in addition to fossilized bones and plant materials. The discovery was made at a site called Ewass Oldupa which is located in the western part of the ancient basin Olduvai Gorge (now called Oldupai) in the northern part of Tanzania.

The stone tools that were found were part of the Oldowan which is the oldest-known stone tool industry that dates back 2.6 million years and were believed to have been created by Homo habilis although it’s known not for certain. The authors noted that while they haven’t found any remains belonging to Homo habilis, they did discover bones from that species very close by at another site only 1,148 feet away.

Professor Tristan Carter, who is a researcher in the Department of Anthropology at McMaster University and a co-author of the study, detailed this further by stating, “Our research sheds further light on our distant origins and evolutionary history.” “The exposed canyon wall reveals 2 million years of geological history and ancient sediments have preserved the stone artifacts remarkably, as well as human and faunal remains.”

Some of the animal fossils that were found at Ewass Oldupa include pigs, hippos, wild cattle, lions, panthers, primates, hyena, birds, and reptiles. This reveals that while the site changed dramatically over the years, humans and animals still came to the site. “Our research reveals that the geological, sedimentary and plant landscapes around Ewass Oldupa changed a lot, and quickly,” the researchers explained. “Yet humans kept coming back here to use local resources for over 200,000 years.” “They used a great diversity of habitats: fern meadows, woodland mosaics, naturally burned landscapes, lakeside palm groves, steppes.”

They went on to say the area was often covered with ash because of volcanic eruptions and that it shows “one of the earliest examples of adaptation to major ecological transformations” as described by Dr. Pastory Bushozi who is a researcher at Dar es Salaam University and another co-author of the study.

Julien Favreau, who is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Anthropology at McMaster University and another co-author of the study, weighed in by stating, “The artifacts are truly spectacular in terms of their age, but what they really show is that through time, human ancestors were occupying vastly different environments with only one tool kit. It really speaks to their behavioral flexibility and ecological adaptability.”

(Not the tools found at Ewass Oldupa.)

Another interesting fact was that most of the rocks that were used to create the tools came from a location that was 7.5 miles away (12 kilometers) which indicates that they went through a lot of planning in order to make them. (A picture of some of the tools and the site of Ewass Oldupa can be seen here.)

The stone tools from Ngorongoro Formation, Oldupai Gorge, Tanzania: (a) quartzite multipolar-multifacial core; (b-c) quartzite flakes; (d) ignimbrite chopping-tool; (e) ignimbrite chopper; (f) quartzite unipolar longitudinal core; (g) quartzite multipolar-multifacial core; (h) quartzite spheroid; (i)quartzite flakes; (j-l) quartzite flakes.

Image credit: Mercader et al., doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20176-2.

The site of Ewass Oldupa in Oldupai Gorge, Tanzania.

Image credit: Michael Petraglia.

The study was published in the journal Nature Communications where it can be read in full.

{https://mysteriousuniverse.org/}

15-01-2021 om 01:12 geschreven door peter  

There is a “Lost City” in Colombia much older than Machu Picchu

” Lost City ” … This is how it is called in modern times. Founded as “Teyuna” by the pre-Hispanic aborigines of the Colombian jungle.

Teyuna means ” origin of the peoples of the Earth . ” It was built 1,100 meters high, with 169 terraces carved in stone. Ciudad Perdida formed the center of Tayrona culture , its religious and commercial center. It is estimated that it was built about 600 years before Machu Picchu of the Incas and that there are still 9 square kilometers to explore of it.

It is known as a type of Colombian ” Machu Picchu ” and was rediscovered in the 1970s . It is located in the middle of the jungle of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta . Archaeologists have concluded that it was founded in 660 AD. C.

History of the Lost City of Tayuna

It has 169 stone terraces but it is still estimated that there are 9,000 square meters left ready to be explored. Its constructions include houses, squares, ceremonial centers, cobbled paths, bridges and aqueducts .

Another interesting construction is a hypnotic spiral staircase that leads to a ceremonial center , as well as a rock that could be a map of the city , but has also been called a “map of the mind . ”

Teyuna was abandoned between the years 1550 and 1600 when the Spanish began to invade the Pacific coast of Colombia. Likewise, the Tayrona also received European syphilis and smallpox and there their people began to drastically reduce . The Wiwa tribe are their descendants , a very spiritual tribe connected with the natural environment.

“Rediscovery” of the Lost City

It took 372 years for it to be rediscovered by modernity. It was in 1972 , when bird hunters stumbled upon moss-covered stairs in the Buritaca River sector. They cleared and broke the tracks to reach the Teyuna platforms .

There they found tombs , which they excavated to discover treasures , artifacts and idols of gold . The Colombian authorities did not investigate the place until 1975 , when the existence of the Lost City was confirmed. Then archaeological excavations and restorations began.

To get to the pre-Hispanic city in the heights, you can only take a path on foot that takes several days . Then you have to climb about 1,200 steps . This requires good physical condition!

The Lost City of Tayona is one of the largest in pre-Columbian America and shows the high level of civil engineering of this almost forgotten Tayrona town . And there is still much to discover, with its 9 kilometers hidden among the vegetation!

{ https://mysteriousthing.com/ }

10-01-2021 om 23:06 geschreven door peter  

The ancient temples of the Mayan city of Tikal rise above the forest in Guatemala.

Image via jjmusgrove/ Flickr.

Scientists have uncovered evidence of an advanced water treatment system, built more than 2,000 years ago, in the ancient Mayan city of Tikal in the tropical forests of Guatemala. The Mayans used the mineral zeolite in the treatment system to filter out harmful microorganisms and toxic chemicals. This system represents the oldest known example of a water treatment system in the Western Hemisphere. The new research was published in the peer-reviewed journal Scientific Reports on October 22, 2020.

• The 2021 lunar calendars are running out! Order yours before they’re gone.

At its peak, the ancient Mayan city of Tikal is believed to have been the home to at least 60,000 people, and scientists have discovered the remains of more than 3,000 structures located around the city. The city was located in the area that is now Guatemala in Central America.

Location of the ancient city of Tikal.

Image via Britannica.

Scientists collected sediment cores from three drinking water reservoirs in Tikal that were used to store water from approximately 2,200 to 1,100 years ago. Mineral analyses revealed the presence of zeolite at one particular site known as the Corriental reservoir. Zeolite is an aluminosilicate mineral that has many pores and is an excellent material for trapping drinking water contaminants like harmful microorganisms and toxic metals. Because of its unique properties, zeolite is often used in modern water purification systems.

Zeolite.

Image via U.S. Geological Survey and Mineral Information Institute/ Wikimedia Commons.

The zeolite found in Tikal was likely collected from distant mineral deposits located about 19 miles (30 km) northeast of the drinking water reservoir and was transported back to the city, according to the scientists from the University of Cincinnati who performed the analyses. It is possible that the Mayans became of aware of the excellent water quality in the area containing the zeolite deposits and this led to the inspiration for its use in Tikal.

The main source of drinking water in Tikal was precipitation and runoff, and drinking water was likely scarce in times of droughts. The drinking water reservoirs thus played a crucial role in supplying the residents with potable water throughout the year. However, water can become foul when it is stored for long periods of time, and so the Mayans used the zeolite treatment technology to help purify the water.

This system represents the oldest known example of a water treatment system in the Western Hemisphere. Around such times, other known civilizations in the Americas mainly relied on natural springs for their drinking water, and this was water was often transported to inhabited areas through a system of aqueducts. While advanced water filtration systems have been discovered within the ancient cities of Greece, Egypt, and South Asia, the system at Tikal represents the first of its kind in the New World.

Kenneth Barnett Tankersley, lead author of the new paper and associate professor of anthropology at the University of Cincinnati, commented on the findings in a statement. He said:

The ancient Maya lived in a tropical environment and had to be innovators. This is a remarkable innovation. A lot of people look at Native Americans in the Western Hemisphere as not having the same engineering or technological muscle of places like Greece, Rome, India or China. But when it comes to water management, the Maya were millennia ahead.

• Bottom line: Scientists have uncovered evidence of an advanced water treatment system in the ancient Mayan city of Tikal, in which zeolite was used to purify the drinking water. This system represents the first of its kind to be discovered in the Americas.
• Source: Zeolite water purification at Tikal, an ancient Maya city in Guatemala
• Via Smithsonian Magazine
• Via EurekAlert

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07-01-2021 om 23:09 geschreven door peter  

Researchers Uncovered a 5,000-Year-Old Crystal Dagger Buried in Spain

By Jessica Stewart 

Archeologists have discovered many tools left behind by prehistoric civilizations. Most of these are made of stone, but in Spain, researchers have found incredible weapons made of rock crystal. Dating back to at least 3000 BCE, these weapons include an incredible crystal dagger that would have taken enormous skill to carve.

The crystal weapons were discovered inside the Montelirio tholos.

Copyright: ipolca (ARTURO DEL PINO RUIZ)

The incredible find was discovered in the megalithic tomb of Montelirio tholos, which is located in southwestern Spain. This enormous site is made from large slate slabs and stretches over 143 feet. It was excavated between 2007 and 2010; five years later, researchers from the University of Granada, the University of Seville, and the Spanish Higher Research Council published their study of the crystal tools. In addition to the dagger, they found 25 arrowheads and cores for making the weapons.

According to the study, rock crystal is commonly found in late prehistoric Iberian sites but is rarely studied in depth. To understand what purpose these special weapons may have had, we must first look at the context in which they were found.

What was found in the Montelirio tholos?

A: Ontiveros arrowheads; B: Montelirio tholos arrowheads; C: Montelirio dagger blade; D: Montelirio tholos core; Montelirio knapping debris; F: Montelirio micro-blades; G: Montelirio tholos microblades.

Photograph: Miguel Angel Blanco de la Rubia.

The remains of at least 25 individuals were found within Montelirio tholos. Previous analysis has suggested that at least one male and several females died from ingesting poison. The remains of the women were seated in a circular fashion in a chamber next to the bones of whom may have been the chief.

The tombs also contained many grave goods, including “shrouds or clothes made of tens of thousands of perforated beads and decorated with amber beads,” as well as ivory objects and fragments of gold blades. The crystal arrowheads were found together in a cluster, which leads the researchers to believe that they may have been a ritual offering.

The crystal dagger blade.

© Morgado, A., et al.

And the dagger? It was found on its own in a separate chamber, “in association with an ivory hilt and sheath.” Measuring nearly 8.5 inches long, it's similar in shape to other daggers of the period. (Of course, the difference is that those daggers were made of flint and this one is formed from crystal.)

The Meaning of Crystal Weapons

Since there were no crystal mines nearby, the materials for these items would have been sourced from far afield. This contributes to the idea that they were intended for an elite few who would have been able to afford to gather such materials and have them shaped into weapons. It's also interesting to note that none of the weapons were ascribed to a single individual, but appear to have been for collective use.

“They probably represent funerary paraphernalia only accessible to the elite of this time period,” write the researchers. “On the other hand, rock crystal must have had a symbolic significance as a raw material invested with special meanings and connotations. The literature provides examples of societies in which rock crystal and quartz as raw materials symbolize vitality, magical powers, and a connection with ancestors.”

Though we can't be certain of their exact purpose, the discovery and study of these weapons continue to give a fascinating insight into the prehistoric cultures that roamed the Earth over 5,000 years ago.

h/t: [Daily Grail, Ancient Origins]

• All images via Miguel Angel Blanco de la Rubia.

Related Articles:

• 2,500-Year-Old Chinese Sword Still Looks and Cuts Like New
• 6 Incredible Facts About the Prehistoric Altamira Cave Paintings
• Legendary 1,000-Year-Old Katana Still Looks as Flawless as When It Was First Constructed
• Scientists Reconstruct Neolithic Girl ‘Lola’ From DNA Found on 5,700-Year-Old Chewing Gum

{ https://mymodernmet.com/ }

07-01-2021 om 00:40 geschreven door peter  

“Advanced” Human Societies before our Historical Records?

In this article from the UFO Conjectures site , he raises the possibility of the existence of advanced human societies prior to historical records.

Graham Hancock , the author of several best sellers, is considered a connoisseur when it comes to “advanced human societies before the one we know,” that is, the ” mother culture ” that preceded later ancient civilizations.

Although the issue of ancient civilizations and their possible technology is considered by some to be “pseudoscientific”, there are many indications that reveal a possible use of advanced technological mechanisms in the remote past.

If we eliminate the idea of aliens who came to instruct our ancestors, some of the ideas that Hancock has contributed over time remain as a result.

Graham Hancock. Credit: Cpt.Muji / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 3.0) Official history tells us that primitive humans were not advanced enough, but when observing the megaliths, found artifacts and ancient knowledge; they seem to indicate a lack of synchronicity between what ancient man could do.

So, if we take into account the archaeological findings that show a high degree of knowledge, it can be argued that thousands of years ago civilizations were capable of performing these feats.

Various subterranean and underwater constructions may be an indication of the “forgotten knowledge” that ancient civilizations once had.

It should also be taken into account that many of the ancient advances, unrecorded by history, could have been erased by natural or environmental catastrophes, by incidents such as the fire of the Library of Alexandria (48 BC) and even by the great flood recorded in various ancient texts and may have destroyed the known world.

A simple example: Göbekli Tepe shows the remains of a society before 10,000 BC with important knowledge and present before other societies such as Sumeria.

As stated in previous paragraphs, if we replace Erich von Däniken’s alien “theories” in Chariots of the Gods with the thought of Graham Hancock, the result would be that an earlier and much more advanced humanity than we can imagine existed in the world. Land.

But what could happen to that brilliant and amazing ancient human civilization? It is a very difficult answer to give; However, as in any society that reaches a high point, problems arise: environmental, overpopulation, wars, etc.

And although we do not have an answer to this enigma, we can sketch some possibilities by observing the current scenario and complementing it with past findings. Possibly history repeats itself, the history of our civilization.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://mysteriousthing.com/ }

06-01-2021 om 23:02 geschreven door peter  

1,500-Year-Old Mummy Wearing Adidas Sneakers Believed To Be Time Traveler?

A recently unearthed mummy equipped with a well-preserved pair of ‘Adidas sneaker’ has intrigued archaeologists and conspiracy theorists alike. While some consider it to be only a lucky find, others have brought conclusive arguments as to why this could be the remnants of an actual time traveler.

Time travel has always been a fascinating topic, especially in present days when this concept doesn’t look so futuristic after all. With our current development in technology, we can dream of cruising through time in a couple hundred years. Until that day arrives, we’ll need to focus our attention on a very bizarre archaeological find from the Altai Mountains in Siberia, where an unusual mummy had recently been discovered.

So, what’s the connection between those mummified remains and time travel? Well, there’s a certain item on the deceased body that’s strongly resembling a pair of – you guessed it – Adidas sneakers. If the pair of shoes prove to be authentic, then the world will know that time travel is a real phenomenon. However, I’m inclined to think that people at that time were only skilled shoemakers. Or were they really?

The extremely well-preserved remains belong to a Turkik person that lived some 1,500 years ago in central Asia. The body was found alongside the remains of a horse, a pillow, and a sheep’s head. Archaeologists also found a saddle, bridle, clay vase, wooden bowl, trough, iron kettle, and four different ‘Dool’ (Mongolian clothes).

“It is the first complete Turkik burial at least in Mongolia – and probably in all Central Asia. This is a very rare phenomenon. These finds show us the beliefs and rituals of Turkiks,” said B. Sukhbaatar, researcher at Khovd Museum. “We can see clearly that the horse was deliberately sacrificed. It was a mare, between four and eight years old. Four coats we found were made of cotton.”

Researchers haven’t been able to determine the genre of the deceased so far, but they believe the remains belonged to a woman because they found no trace of a weapon inside the tomb, where male warriors were always buried alongside their bow.

The resting place was found at an altitude of 2,803 meters, and the mummy – still wrapped in felt – was resting its bones inside a 3-metre-deep grave. The body preserved extremely well because of the cold temperatures, together with the belongings and horse remains.

“The grave was located 2803 meters above sea level.This fact and the cool temperatures helped to preserve the grave,” said Sukhbaatar. “The grave was three meters deep. The finds show us that these people were very skilled craftsmen. Given that this was the grave of a simple person, we understand that craft skills were rather well developed.”

There are several things that don’t add up here.

First of all, Mongolians are well-known for their herds of horses, which in turn determines the wealth of their people. These noble animals were (and still are) essential to them, meaning that whenever someone died, they would leave behind a substantial herd.

The grave of the Turkik mummy is considered to be rich in possessions, but since only the remains of a horse were found inside, researchers are now insinuating that the mummy didn’t belong to the elitist class of the region. But how is that possible if four different garbs, together with a presumed pair of ‘Adidas sneakers’ and numerous other items including the wool originating from a camel were discovered inside the tomb? Could it be that this woman was of a different culture? A distant traveler with knowledge of time manipulation?

A Romanian archaeologist explains more about the burial ceremony in his book about Turkik nomads. It reveals that Turkik people preferred being buried with far less material possessions, but they sacrificed their horses to accompany them on the other side.

“When a man died, the survivors dug a pit as large as a house, in which they laid the deceased holding in his hand a wooden cup filled with a drink, as well as his belt, bow, and money…Following that, the dead man’s horses were killed, the number of horses sacrificed being an indication of his personal wealth.”

So how does a not-so-wealthy Turk  woman end up in a strategically-placed grave atop of the Altai Mountains, together with rich possessions and a pair of sneakers from the future? Is it possible that archaeologists really stumbled across the mummified remains of a time traveler, or is this but a mere coincidence? 

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://ufoholic.com/ }

06-01-2021 om 00:33 geschreven door peter  

Ark of the Covenant: Device used to power the Great Pyramid of Giza

Is there a relationship between the Great Pyramid of Giza and the Ark of the Covenant? After it was discovered that it was not used as a tomb and that it stores electromagnetic energy inside … Is it possible that these two devices were connected ?

It is now official that the Great Pyramid of Giza was not used as a tomb. After many studies through ScanPyramids , it was detected that it contained thermal anomalies inside.

This posed a big question mark for archeology and science who believed that the temperature inside was constant .

Writer and filmmaker David Wilcock commented that the energy of the pyramids is related to gravity . Compare this energy to a river that flows constantly to Earth , which can be harnessed with a funnel-shaped construction . Thus, the energy swirls inside it and creates a vortex current.

Knowing this, there is no doubt that the Great Pyramid of Giza was built for the purpose of storing energy . The question is what for? With what technology? And the most important, are all the components of this great machinery still inside it ?

The Ark of the Covenant as an energy device

According to the book of Exodus, after the Israelites were liberated from Egypt, God summoned Moses on a sacred mountain, granting him two stone tablets that were carved with the ten commandments.

At that time, Moses was instructed to build the Ark of the Covenant , one of the most controversial devices in history.

The Ark of the Covenant not only contained the ten commandments, it was also believed to be the throne of God himself; where the Ark was, there would be the power of God.

The dimensions of the alliance were approximately 131 x 79 x 79 centimeters . It was plated with gold and its crown, also made of gold, was placed around it. It had four gold rings that were fixed at its feet where wooden staves were placed, also gold-plated and with which the device would be transported .

Some researchers suggest that if the details of the ark’s construction were patented in the past , then it is a device similar to an electrical capacitor , including two electrodes separated by insulators.

To this is added that it was placed in a “room” that had a magnetic field of 500 to 600 volts per vertical meter. In this way, the crown that surrounded the Ark of the Covenant was charged with energy , functioning as a capacitor.

The true power of the Ark

There are many theories about this device, but most historians agree that it generated a powerful and unknown force.

This is assumed due to the prohibition of touching it and that those who transported it had to wear a kind of protective suit while the rest kept their distance.

Even the descriptions in the Bible mention the enormous power that was dangerous to man.

Thus it is suggested that the Ark was actually part of a complex system of energy production , which could be used as a weapon , just as Jericho used it. As a means of communication , just as Moses used it to talk to God. Among other uses.

The proofs of this power are found in the reading of the instructions for the Assembly of the Tabernacle where the Ark was kept, as well as the exact rules to access its interior without endangering their lives.

Another clue can be found in the Battle of Qadesh , in Abu Simbel, where you can see how Ramses II uses a device with a description similar to the one we can read in the Bible about the Ark of the Covenant, with which they invoked « mysterious powers.

Connection with the Great Pyramid of Giza

If the Great Pyramid of Giza was not built to be a tomb or to store things, as some skeptics suggest, why was it built?

It is possible that the answer is found in many factors, with the coordinates of its construction ; these are aligned with north-facing precision, with only 3/60 degree of error.

Another surprising fact is that it is located exactly over the center of the land mass . The east / west parallel and the north / south meridian intersect in two places on the planet; one of these is the Great Pyramid of Giza.

As can be seen, the construction of this great monument was not a whim ; its shape, location and size were not made by chance and everything had a reason.

In fact, the pyramid’s cornerstone foundations possess a ball-and-socket construction that stands up to the expansion of heat and earthquakes. Foundations that were extremely large for human workers to displace thousands of years ago.

It is for that reason that it is believed that the Ark of the Covenant could have been the device used within the Great Pyramid of Giza, as a kind of capacitor or battery that would turn the entire structure into an ancient power plant.

Although they are only theories, there are too many connections to be taken for a simple “story”, as the skeptics of traditional history would have you believe.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://mysteriousthing.com/ }

04-01-2021 om 22:47 geschreven door peter  

04-01-2021 om 21:50 geschreven door peter  

Lost City Of The Giants In The Jungles Of Ecuador

Ecuadorian legends tell of ancient cities of giants, abandoned by their inhabitants long ago, slowly being reclaimed by nature. But discoveries such as this one show giants were undoubtedly real.

As a matter of fact, tribes from all over the Amazonian basin recollect the existence of an ancient race of giants that built thriving cities long before ‘regular-sized’ humans arrived in the area.

In 2012, one such legend led a team of researchers to a remote area in the rain forests of Ecuador. Several tribes had been using the place as a traditional meeting place since time immemorial and they believed it was inhabited by powerful spirits.

The place was sacred for the locals and they talked about its builders’ place with a mixture of fear and respect. The reason behind their attitude became visible once the team noticed the presence of ancient megalithic structures on site.

The largest structure was a 260 foot tall by a 260-foot wide pyramid with an inclination too high to be natural. It had been built using hundreds of large, irregularly-shaped boulders, each one weighing approximately 2 tonnes. At the top they found a flat area that could have been used as a ceremonial or sacrificial platform.

It looks like a paved wall, an ancient street or plaza with a 60 degrees angle, perhaps the roof of a larger structure,” said French-American archaeologist Benoit Duverneuil. “Many of the stones were perfectly aligned, have sharp edges and seem to have been sculpted by human hands.”

The protective layer of earth had preserved the smooth surface of the stones. It also revealed the presence of a cement-like substance used to keep the boulders together. Judging by the apparent age of the ruins, this could be the earliest example of concrete being used in America. It would seem the builders of this ancient citadel possessed engineering knowledge far ahead of their time.

But the most interesting discovery came in the form of tools. Oversized and ancient, they littered the forest floor. Their purpose is unknown but the team suspects they were used in metalworking. One thing is certain, though: their size would have made it very difficult for a normal size human to wield them.

Writer and researcher Bruce Fenton was part of the team that discovered this lost city of giants and he believes the tools speak for themselves:

What really strongly points towards this habitation having housed the same race of giants is the presence of extremely oversized hammers, or at least the stone hammerheads. Assuming these were attached to hard wood handles they would be of both incredible size and weight, making their use as tools impractical for a typical Inca or indigenous Indian, these being generally slight built people of around five feet or so.”

It is interesting to note that previous expeditions in the rain forests of Ecuador produced results that support the fact that giants were once present. Bones much larger than those of an average sized human were discovered in caves all over the Americas. Evidence keeps mounting, suggesting our own history might require some footnotes. Giant ones.

It shouldn’t come as a surprise that this amazing discovery was willfully ignored by the authorities. In 2013, the Ecuadorian Ministry of Culture sent one of their teams to inspect the finding but concluded it was nothing more than a natural formation.

Fenton and his team disagree. The size and shape of the blocks, the precision and technique with which they were cut, polished and assembled seem to point to an artificial origin. Furthermore, it looks like more structures are waiting to be discovered.

Several other large mounds have yet to be excavated. Although covered in mud and vegetation, their shape suggests pyramids are buried beneath them. This would suggest the city houses more than just one pyramid — it is home to an entire pyramid complex. And history taught us that such complexes are built around a central pyramid, one that usually contains the remains of a great leader.

If this was a city of giants, who could have been their leader?Does this scenario explain why the authorities called the place a “natural formation”? Were they planning on quietly removing any anomalous relics that would have supported the ancient giant theory? It wouldn’t be the first time something like this happened.

Unfortunately, Fenton reports that many of the artifacts have already been stolen, making it even more difficult to piece together the puzzling details of this story.

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{ https://anomalien.com/ }

02-01-2021 om 20:52 geschreven door peter  

AN ANCIENT CASE OF MISTAKEN IDENTITY REVEALS A STRANGE AMPHIBIAN

02-01-2021 om 00:14 geschreven door peter  

Ancient Faces Off Greenland, Google Earth Discovery! Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of discovery: Dec 31, 2020
Location of discovery: Between Greenland and Canada
Google Coordinates: 81° 2'0.79"N 84°58'37.99"W

I was using Google Earth map and found a woman's face along the water. I say woman's because I believe the alien artist used the water as part of its art...using part of nature to mesh into the beauty of the woman and to exaggerate how beautiful she was by insinuating that her hair was long and flowing like the ocean itself. She also has a ruffled dress that comes just above the breast area, no straps holding it up. Her bare shoulders are both visible and magnificently done. 

 

I also found a harbor area that looks intelligently made. And there is also another face, that I believe will frighten people so much that they may try to deny its real. Because the human defense mechanisms are powerful and will fight anything that challenges how we see the world around us. Nothing is more challenging of our reality than the possibility that our reality is not the true reality of things. 

Scott C. Waring 

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

31-12-2020 om 16:14 geschreven door peter  

Oldest ever tool used by early humans dating back 350,000 years is found in an Israeli cave

By Dan Avery For Dailymail.com

• A tool used for 'delicate abrading' dates back some 350,000 years

• Such implements were previously thought to be introduced 200,000 years ago

• Homo sapiens only arrived on the scene 300,000 years ago

• Made of dolemite, it was probably used by early hominids on soft animal hides  

Archaeologists believe they've found the oldest known tool used for grinding or scraping, dating back some 350,000 years.

Found in the Tabun Cave in northern Israel, the implement is a cobble, a type of small rounded stone, and predates homo sapiens by at least 50,000 years.

Previously, such tools weren't thought to have been introduced until much later, approximately 200,000 years ago.

It was used by prehistoric hominids for 'delicate abrading,' researchers say, though for exactly what purpose is still unknown.

Tabun Cave, located on Mount Carmel near Haifa, was first explored by British archaeologist Dorothy Garrod in the 1920s.

It is believed to be home to one of the longest periods of human occupation in the Levant.

Excavations have suggested hominid activity there dating back at least 500,000 years.

Flint fragments discovered in the cave have provided the oldest signs of humans controlling fire.

Tabun Cave was first excavated in the 1920s and artifacts there date back at least 500,000 years. Flint fragments on the site have provided the earliest signs of humans controlling fire

Tabun Cave, at Mount Carmel in northern Israel, is believed to be the site of one of the longest periods of human occupation in the Levant

Made of the mineral dolomite, the tool was first uncovered in the 1960s, but its simplistic appearance led it to be largely ignored for decades. 

More recently it was reexamined by a team from the University of Haifa's Zinman Institute of Archaeology as part of an ongoing effort to reassess items found at the cave. 

Judging by microscopic wear patterns, they determined it was used for scraping surfaces—a groundbreaking discovery.

'The entire engagement in this technology is much later, around 200,000 years ago,' co-author Ron Shimelmitz told Haaretz.

It's evidence that 'at such an early stage a very significant technology was added to [the hominids'] 'toolbox,'' according to the researchers, who published their findings in the Journal of Human Evolution.

'While the tool is seemingly 'simple,' its early appearance and the fact that it has no parallel in such an early stage of human evolution give it world importance.'

They hypothesize it was used to work soft animal hides but whether for clothing or some other purpose is still a mystery.

'We were left with some question marks,' Shimelmitz told The Times of Israel.

Earlier stone tools have been found before—some dating to more than 3 million years ago—but they usually showed evidence of pounding or beating, which are vertical motions.

This dolemite cobble is the first known item used for scraping, which requires a horizontal motion and allows for more delicate manipulation of a material.

Marks on the stone are similar to those found on later grinding tools, The Times of Israel.

The discovery connects us more closely to our pre-human ancestor and allows scientists to trace 'how cognitive and motor abilities that developed during human evolution eventually evolved into important phenomena in human culture to this day,' the authors said in a statement, including agriculture, food production, fixed residences, storage and 'an increase in social and economic complexity.'

Read more:

• Stone found in Israel is oldest known tool in world used for 'delicate' abrading | The Times of Israel
• A 350,000-year-old turning point in human evolution found in Israel - Archaeology - Haaretz.com

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

30-12-2020 om 23:16 geschreven door peter  

The world’s oldest stone tool used for “delicate” abrading work was found close to Haifa, Israel, and dates back approximately 350,000 years. This is pretty significant as it dates back about 150,000 years earlier than when those types of tools were previously thought to have existed.

According to the University of Haifa research team, the dolomite cobble, which was discovered in the Tabun Cave at Mount Carmel, was believed to have been used to wear down materials (most probably soft materials), although the exact purpose is still unknown.

Researchers Ron Shimelmitz, Iris Groman-Yaroslavski, Mina Weinstein-Evron, and Danny Rosenberg, of the university’s Zinman Institute of Archaeology, explained this further, “While the tool is seemingly ‘simple,’ its early appearance and the fact that it has no parallel in such an early stage of human evolution give it world importance,” adding that the small rounded stone was “at such an early stage a very significant technology was added to [the hominids’] ‘toolbox’.”

Haifa, Israel

This isn’t the oldest tool ever discovered, as previous discoveries have dated as far back as 1.5 million years; however, those were used to pound or beat materials. The cobble found in the Tabun Cave is the oldest known tool that was used for abrading materials. Another significant difference is that the cobble was used in a horizontal motion while the older pounding tools were used in vertical motions.

The researchers explained this further, “The small cobble is of immense importance because it allows us to trace the earliest origins of the abrasion action and how cognitive and motor abilities that developed during human evolution eventually evolved into important phenomena in human culture to this day, primarily involving abrasion and development of food production techniques, stationary settlement, agriculture, storage and later an increase in social and economic complexity.”

Mount Carmel

The tool was originally discovered in the 1960s but researchers have recently analyzed it in more detail as part of a project where experts study objects that have been previously found at the Mount Carmel sites. In fact, the cave in which the cobble was found has been used by hominids for the last 500,000 years so the site is of extreme importance.

The researchers saw that the stones contained marks which were consistent with abrading work. At that point, they performed several tests on additional dolomite cobbles that were discovered in the same area. They rubbed the cobbles against different materials in order to find out which ones made those same marks and they found that it was probably used on animal hides. (Pictures can be seen here.)

A stone abrasion tool, dated to be some 350,000 years old, that was found in the Tabun Cave in Mount Carmel.

(University of Haifa)

Archaeologists working at the Tabun Cave in Mount Carmel.

(University of Haifa)

Their research was published in the Journal of Human Evolution where it can be read in full.

{  https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

30-12-2020 om 22:59 geschreven door peter