The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
13-06-2018
Alien Implants: The Ultimate Proof Of Alien Abductions?
Alien Implants: The Ultimate Proof Of Alien Abductions?
Every time we speak about aliens, we talk about UFO sightings. When talking about UFO signs, people speak of alien abductions, and when you read about a case where someone claims to be abducted, you end up learning about alien implants.
But what are the mysterious, miniature devices? Fact or fiction? If proven authentic, these implants could be considered as crystal-clear evidence of an alien presence on Earth.
For years, the general public has been tormented by stories of UFO sightings, and even, in some cases, even alien encounters.
However, fact-checking these stories have been disappointingly challenging to achieve.
More often than not, it simply comes down to taking a person’s word for it.
In some cases, photographs have been taken, but, inevitably, questions about their authenticity always come to light.
Therefore, when it comes down to aliens, and UFOs, physical evidence has been treated as the Holy Grail of UFO research.
The amount of “official” information about the UFO phenomenon that has been made available thanks to ufology reports around the world is impressive.
In recent years, various governments around the world have taken a step towards Disclosure as they’ve started releasing an ample amount fo top-secret documents about the UFO Phenomenon.
Not long ago, if you remember, NASA brought together scientists, theologians, philosophers, and historians to examine how to prepare the world for alien contact, whether it be microbial organisms or intelligent beings.
Recently, declassified materials have revealed thatthe Pentagon spent at least 22 million dollars researching the UFO phenomena in a secret program that existed for at least three years.
According to reports, from 2008 through 2011, the Pentagon spent a budget of around 22 million dollars on a program that investigated UFO’s. Called the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program, the mysterious secret program was supposedly shut down in 2012.
Anyway, getting back to alien implants…
Strange marks on the body and implants extracted from people who claim to have been abducted have been present whenever someone comes forward saying he or she was abducted by aliens.
The case of the extracted implants is very fascinating, and if proven authentic, this material could be considered as the long searched for scientific evidence of the existence of aliens, and alien abductions.
Dr. Roger Leir is arguably the best person with ‘experience’ in the extraction of extraterrestrial implants. According to Dr. Leir, he performed 17 surgeries in which he extracted small objects of unknown origin.
According to Dr. Leir, a hallucinatory feature is that these supposed incrustations the size of a pencil point were magnetic in nature, and some even emitted radio frequencies.
Other objects examined had meteorite fragments inside them; metals such as gallium, germanium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, and iridium.
According to Alex Mosier, who has a Ph.D. in Philosophy, Chemistry, and Physics, who examined the pieces together with Leir, fibers were found very similar to carbon nano-tubes, suggesting that the fragments were designed or manufactured:
“You would not find these things in nature, they have to be processed, they require complex engineering, and they are not easy to manufacture. ”
As noted by mufon.com, tests were performed on both the removed alien implants and the individuals several years after surgical removal.
The alleged implants removed from the first set of surgeries were studied by two different pathologists and then sent to various independent laboratories for extensive scientific analysis. The tests performed on these alleged alien implants were: a pathology/tissue evaluation, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), extensive metallurgical testing involving a density immersion test, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction pattern analysis and electron/magnetic and fluorescence property analysis. Isotopic range tests are also in progress. Tests were conducted by the National Institute of Discovery of Science (NIDS), New Mexico Tech, and other independent sources.
“The findings of these implant surgeries are highly unusual,” reported Dr. Leir. “In all these cases, there was virtually no inflammatory response.”
This is not the usual finding in foreign tissue reactions. Typically, foreign bodies embedded in tissues result in some type of acute or chronic inflammatory response and may include fibrosis and cyst formation. Such was not the case here. The pathology reports of the first two surgeries revealed that the metallic objects were encased in a very dense, tough, grey membrane consisting of proteinaceous coagulum, hemoseridin, and pure keratin.
More directly, blood protein and skin cells that are usually found in the superficial layer of the skin. Biological “cocoons” encasing the implants were also found to contain nerve proprioceptors – nerve and pressure cells of the wrong tissue type for that part of the body. These implant cocoons also fluoresced a bright green color in the presence of an ultraviolet light source.
Dr. Leir, who also worked as a consultant physician at the Mutual UFO Network, claimed that the people from whom he extracted the alien objects had no visible scars or disruption in the integrity of the skin.
There were no signs of inflammation, but the X-rays showed the incrustation, which seemed almost impossible.
The specialist in podiatry died on March 14, 2014 (paradoxically, due to a foot injury), so his studies did not go beyond a limited budget that prevented further understanding of the findings.
Until now, medicine, and probably other scientific fields, have had a phobia with respect to performing tests on people who claimed to have been abducted.
There are very few scientists and doctors who have dared to venture out into UFOlogy, especially because of the loss of prestige that this entails. However, if we are to come to the bottom of the UFO mystery, scientists, doctors, and other experts should start thinking about proactively participating in the UFO discussion, as only then will we be able to fully understand what on Earth is going on.
ET hasn’t been in touch. Enduring silence may be the real message from distant and ancient galaxies, if advanced civilisations destroy the conditions for their own survival.
LONDON, 11 June, 2018– US scientists have calculated the conditions for the survival of a civilisation – all advanced civilisations across the vast universe. Their calculations may explain why, so far, extraterrestrial beings have failed to get in touch.
They may also help explain why climate change driven by global warming could be both inevitable and potentially calamitous.
Entirely theoretical research of this kind is the basis of astrobiology: the attempt to understand why life exists in a seemingly hostile universe, and why, if it exists on Earth, it is not visible everywhere. For practical data, astrobiologists have only one instance of life, and one of intelligent advanced civilisation to work with: planet Earth.
Adam Frank, of the University of Rochester, New York, and colleagues report in the journal Astrobiology that they considered the evidence of a vanished civilisation on Earth – the mysterious culture that flourished on Easter Island in the Pacific and then vanished by about 1500AD.
Better insight
“If we’re not the universe’s first civilisation, that means there are likely to be rules for how the fate of a young civilisation like our own progresses,” said Professor Frank.
“The point is to recognise that driving climate change may be something generic. The laws of physics demand that any young population, building an energy-intensive civilisation like ours, is going to have feedback on its planet. Seeing climate change in this cosmic context may give us better insight into what’s happening to us now and how to deal with it.”
The principle is that any civilisation must change its planet, and the most obvious way would be by exploiting resources in ways that might affect average planetary temperatures.
Under such circumstances the population could reach a peak – and then die off, leaving a few survivors. Or it could foresee the problems and go for sustainability rather than ever more growth. Or population and temperature could reach a peak, at which point the civilisation would collapse. Or – disconcertingly – the threatened civilisation could identify the looming disaster but fail to act in time.
Fatal delay
“The last scenario is the most frightening,” said Professor Frank. “Even if you did the right thing, if you waited too long, you could still have your population collapse.”
Professor Frank himself has explored these questions in earlier studies. In 2014, he and colleagues asked themselves how long an alien civilisation that had discovered fossil fuels, and therefore changed the conditions in which it evolved, could sustain itself.
“If we’re not the universe’s first civilisation, that means there are likely to be rules for how the fate of a young civilisation like our own progresses”
Archaeological evidence suggests that a culture emerged perhaps 1600 years ago, population grew to a peak, resources were over-exploited, population collapsed and, with it, all memory of what once had been. If an isolated island had a maximum carrying capacity, then so ultimately would an isolated planet. Professor Frank sees global climate change as a planet’s response to civilisation.
“If you go through really strong climate change, then your carrying capacity may drop, because, for example, large-scale agriculture might be strongly disrupted. Imagine if climate change caused rain to stop falling in the Midwest. We wouldn’t be able to grow food, and our population would diminish,” he said.
“If you change the Earth’s climate enough, you might not be able to change it back. Even if you backed off and started to use solar or other less impactful resources, it could be too late, because the planet has already been changing.
“These models show we can’t just think about a population evolving on its own. We have to think about our planets and civilisations co-evolving.” – Climate News Network
The existence of aliens has long been a debating point among conspiracy theorists and space experts. Even though space agencies like NASA have long refuted claims of alien existence, they are still on the hunt to find extraterrestrials which may be living in the outer space.
However, conspiracy theorists strongly argue that aliens have been visiting earth for hundreds of thousands of years, and they are blaming the government and space agencies like NASA for covering up the existence of extraterrestrial life.
Here is a glance at five strong signs often put forward arguing that aliens have already been on earth.
1. Flying saucers everywhere
Surfing the internet using the word 'UFO' will populate too many videos showing unidentified flying objects hovering across the skies in various parts of the world. Even though many of these videos are being made using CGI, there are some authentic clips which still remain unanswered and mysterious.
As the video turned viral on the internet, the Council for Scientific and Technological Research set up a team to check the authenticity of the clip. After nine years of extensive research, the team found that the flying object spotted in the video did not have an earthly origin. The report also added that the video was not subjected to any kind of editing.
However, a section of people believe that these crafts are actually secret military crafts developed by the United States and Russia. The imminent question is -- Do these craft have an alien origin, or are they secretive military vessels like the alleged TR-3B?
2. Ancient cave paintings hide a million mysteries
A few years ago, archeologists in India discovered some bizarre cave paintings in rocks at Charama, Chhattisgarh. Interestingly, these rock paintings depicted alien-like figures wearing suits very similar to modern day space suits. The startling drawings also featured disc-shaped flying saucers, each with a fan-like antenna and three legs.
After analyzing the cave drawings, archeologists came to the conclusion that these cave drawings were painted before 10,000 years. For humans beings, space travel became a reality in the 20th century, then how can ancient Indians draw paintings featuring aliens and flying saucers?
Another popular depiction of aliens in cave paintings can be seen in Christina Lake, British Columbia, Canada. These paintings feature flying saucers with large wings hovering above a group of people.
Recently, renowned television anchor Giorgio Tsoukalos, known for presenting 'Ancient Aliens' in History Channel revealed that aliens used to visit humans in the ancient ages. The television conspiracy theorist also revealed that ancient humans have misrepresented alien visitors as deities and their advanced technology was interpreted as magic. Those who believe in this theory argue that aliens had brought these advanced knowledge and culture to the human civilization on earth.
3. Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program
In December 2017, Pentagon shocked the entire world by admitting that they have conducted a UFO search program under the name 'Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program'. The million dollar project was carried out to unravel the mysteries surrounding UFO sightings.
The US Defense Department also released a video featuring an unidentified flying object being trailed by a US F-18 jet. Interestingly, the UFO spotted in the video flew across the sky defying all the known laws of physics, and it indicates that this object is made from advanced alien technology.
4. Impeccable ancient structures
There are several structures on the earth like Ancient Egyptian pyramids at Giza, Nazca lines, and Sacsayhuamán that are too big, too complex and too heavy for the ancient humans to build. Even in the modern days, humans will find it hard to build such marvelous structures with impeccable architecture. So, who built these massive structures? The answer still remains an enigma.
5. Admission from a top Canadian Minister
Last year, Paul Hellyer, the former Canadian Minister of National Defence, emerged out of nowhere to claim that aliens have been visiting earth for thousands of years. The former cabinet minister also said that the US Air Force has been using weapons and crafts made with alien technology since the 1960s.
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11-06-2018
‘IT’S NOT AREA 51’: REAL US ‘SECRET BASE FOR HIDING UFOS’ IS REVEALED
‘IT’S NOT AREA 51’: REAL US ‘SECRET BASE FOR HIDING UFOS’ IS REVEALED
CRASHED flying saucers and dead aliens are NOT being stored at the top-secret US Airforce base Area 51, a top UFO expert has claimed.
But, Jan Harzan, executive director of the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON), says UFOs HAVE been recovered and ARE being stored nearby.
Mr Harzan claims there is a secret underground facility built into the base of the Papoose Mountains, in Lincoln County, Nevada, where recovered alien space crafts and extra terrestrial beings are kept hidden away.
Ever since the legendary Roswell UFO crash of July 1947 alien conspiracy theorists have claimed the remains of a flying saucer, and even dead aliens, were secretly taken into storage – something the US Government denies.
Roswell has been at the heart of the UFO scene since July 1947 when the military sensationally announced in a press release it had found the remains of a crashed flying saucer in the desert nearby.
But the following day it retracted the statement, saying it was in fact a damaged US Air Force air balloon.
Witnesses later came forward to say there had been alien bodies within the “crashed craft”, which along with the wreckage were then taken away. There has been speculation the remains were taken to Area 51 in the Nevada desert, or the Wright Patterson Airforce base near Dayton, Ohio.
Last summer Express.co.uk revealed the claims of Andre Milne, founder of defence technology firm Unicorn Aerospace, that Area 51 did not house aliens, but was used for so-called “black projects” to develop new secret flying technology.
US-based MUFON is the world’s biggest organisation dedicated to UFO and alien research and keeps a global database holding tens of thousands of reported sightings and tip offs.
Mr Harzan appears to agree with Mr Milne about Area 51, but said alien technology was stored elsewhere.
He said: “Area 51 is a top-secret airbase for the CIA and military to test super-secret aircraft years ahead of what the general public is aware of.
“As best we know, there are no UFOs or aliens at Area 51.
“There is, however, an area just to the south and on the same Tonopah Test Range called S4.
“Based on insider information, this is where work on extraterrestrial recovered craft takes place.
“Those of extraterrestrial origin are very smooth and integrated with no seams or rivets showing, and no protrusions.
“At least that’s our hypothesis based on what we are seeing.”
He is also convinced that by now the US authorities would have been able to recreate a recovered UFO.
He said: “Based on the research I have done, and the people I have talked to, including first-hand witnesses, absolutely yes.
“It would be one of the highest priorities of the military and intelligence community to get their hands on a flying saucer of extraterrestrial origin.
“There are others who have come forward to share their stories, although as one might imagine our intelligence community does its best to attempt to discredit them.”
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UNIVERSITY IMPLEMENTS COURSE ABOUT ALIENS TO PREPARE PEOPLE FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL CONTACT
UNIVERSITY IMPLEMENTS COURSE ABOUT ALIENS TO PREPARE PEOPLE FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL CONTACT
With so much disclosure happening right now, it was only a matter of time before a university or college created a course to take the topic more seriously. It’s about time, and comes as no surprise given the fact that the topic is rapidly creeping its way into mainstream discussion.
Academia and extraterrestrial contact go hand in hand, and it started decades ago. For example, a declassified document from the CIA’s own electronic reading room shows that the agency actually tried to recruit renowned quantum physicist John Wheeler to look into their “flying saucer problem.” This was decades ago, and even further back, ever since President Truman went on live television and announced that the UFO problem is discussed at “every conference that they’ve had with the military,” many people have been paying attention.
Combined with all of these leaks over the years, there has no doubt been a campaign of official secrecy and ridicule,” where “many citizens are led to believe the unknown flying objects are nonsense.” This is according to the first Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, Roscoe H. Hillekoetter, speaking to the New York Times in 1960.
Today, we have physical evidence, papers published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, and statements from some of the highest ranking military, political, and government personnel, with the latest examples coming from Tom Delonge, a former rock star who just brought forth recently retired Steve Justice, a director of Lockheed Skunkworks, to let the world know that these things are real. For more information on that, you can check out To The Stars Media.
“Intelligent beings from other star systems have been and are visiting our planet Earth. They are variously referred to as Visitors, Others, Star People, ETs, etc. . . . They are visiting Earth NOW; this is not a matter of conjecture or wistful thinking.”
– Theodore C. Loder III, Phd, Professor Emeritus of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire
The course at the Turkish university will be called “Ufology & Exopolitics,” and the purpose of the class is to prepare students for the possibility of extraterrestrial contact.
A class tutor, Erhan Kolbasi, told the Dogan News Agency, “We believe representatives from the world and extraterrestrial civilizations will soon be making official contact with each other. We thinking they will be in an open and mass contact. . . . It will be the biggest change seen in the history of the world.”
The course will concentrate on the history of the UFO/extraterrestrial contact, and well as the implications of extraterrestrial contact and more. According to the Dogan, Kolbasi expects open extraterrestrial contact to happen within 15 years, and claims that extraterrestrials have been and are visiting our planet.
Again, he’s part of a long and growing list of people who seem to think so, and with all of the evidence that’s emerged over the past few years, it’s not hard to see why he feels that way.
Where is the evidence you say? Well, that depends on your definition of evidence. Many people don’t believe witness testimony to be credible, but when you have military generals, NATO generals, high ranking politicians, academics, and people who have and do hold high positions for several military contractors, like Lockheed Martin, making these statements, it should clearly be taken into consideration.
“There are objects in our atmosphere which are technically miles in advance of anything we can deploy, that we have no means of stopping them coming here … [and] that there is a serious possibility that we are being visited and have been visited for many years by people from outer space, from other civilizations. That it behooves us, in case some of these people in the future or now should turn hostile, to find out who they are, where they come from, and what they want. This should be the subject of rigorous scientific investigation and not the subject of ‘rubishing’ by tabloid newspapers.”
–Lord Admiral Hill-Norton, former Chief of Defence Staff, 5 Star Admiral of the Royal Navy, Chairman of the NATO Military Committee (source)
There are also documents that detail objects travelling at tremendous speeds performing maneuvers that no known air craft can, and you can view some examples and links within this article to learn more:
“There are unidentified flying objects. That is, there are a hard core of cases —perhaps 20 to 30 percent in different studies — for which there is no explanation. We can only imagine what purpose lies behind the activities of these quiet, harmlessly cruising objects that time and again approach the Earth. The most likely explanation, it seems to me, is that they are simply watching what we are up to.”
– Margaret Mead, “UFOs – Visitors from Outer Space?,” Redbook, vol. 143, September 1974
Below is one of many recent tweets about the exciting news in Europe.
Kolbaşi is currently the deputy chair of the Sirius UFO Space Sciences Research Center in Istanbul. This is a big step for disclosure. The implications are tremendous, and will touch all aspects of human life as we know it, from history, science, and technology to our understanding about the nature of reality and more.
Of course, there is also the problem of beliefs, and our tendency to label things as “good” or “bad,” “angels” or demons.” ET disclosure has more implications than we can possibly imagine, and perhaps this was one out of several reasons for the cover-up.
There are a lot of questions to be answered, and still many who are in their infancy regarding knowledge of what’s really been happening .
Collective Evolution has covered this topic extensively with multiple heavily soured articles. Feel free to browse through them, as all of our articles are archived. You can do this by visiting the exopolitics section of our website.
Below is a great little speech by Richard Dolan, one of the world’s leading authorities on the topic. It provides a great introduction for those who are new to the topic. His work is a great place to start.
You can check out our exclusive interview in our Explorer Lounge where Richard discusses recent UFO related happenings – including Trump’s reformation of the Space Council.
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The Clarke exobelt, a method to search for possible extraterrestrial civilizations
The Clarke exobelt, a method to search for possible extraterrestrial civilizations
Finding life in other parts of the universe has been one of humanity's constant dreams. For the first time in history the scientific community has hopes based on some degree of possibility that this dream will become a reality in the not too distant future. This is, in part, due to the new generation of giant telescopes, presently in the planning phase, which we hope to be able to make a detailed analysis of the atmospheres of planets beyond the Solar System. For this reason researchers are making efforts to investigate "biomarkers", which is the term for observable evidence which we could use to give us firm evidence of life on these planets.
However, one thing is to find some form of life, but another, very different, is to find intelligent civilizations, or technological capacity, which seems much less likely. To start with we don't know whom we are looking for, we lack "technomarkers" (the analogues of biomarkers, but which reveal the presence of technology). Since the 80's of the last century there have been searches for radio signals from other civilizations, so far unsuccessful. This is hardly surprising if we remember that the radio emissions from a society such as ours would not be detectable at interstellar distances, unless they were deliberately focused in the direction of the receiver. In the scientific literature there have been proposals to look for technomarkers, for instance the well known "Dyson Spheres" which would be hypothetical artificial megastructures constructed around a star to collect its light and thereby supply the need for energy of a civilization much more advanced than ours.
Artistic representations of a Clarke exobelt
[Credit: Caro Waro]
In an article published in The Astrophysical Journal by the IAC researcher Hector Socas proposed a new technomarker, which is characterized by the fact that it could be produced by present day technology on Earth. There is a very interesting region in space around planets called the "Clarke Belt" in honour of Arthur C. Clarke who in 1945 published an article about the use of geostationary orbits for telecommunications. In this belt orbit the geostationary satellites which we use for a large number of practical applications.
The publication presents a variety of simulations of "Clarke exobelts" to investigate what would be the imprint they would leave on the light of the parent star as the planet transits across its disk. The optimum conditions for observing them are found for planets in orbit round red dwarf stars, which are also the best places to look for exoplanets in general. In the article published in The Astrophysical Journal details are given of how these artificial belts can be distinguished from natural rings. Using this technique current projects and space missions designed to detect exoplanets and their moons and rings could also be used to detect this marker. "It is a search which we will have for nothing" says Hector Socas, and he adds "We have to keep our eyes open, just in case we detect this traces in the data".
Humanity's Clarke Belt (our geostationary and geosynchronous satellites) is not densely populated enough to be detected at interstellar distances, at least with our present observing capabilities. Around two thirds of existing satellites are in the region termed "low orbit", which means the first few hundred kilometres above the Earth, where space debris is already a significant problem. The Clarke belt orbit is it 36,000 km above the Earth, and it is so far much less populated, but the article shows that during recent decades the density of satellites in these orbits has been growing exponentially. If this rate continues our Clarke belt would be detectable from other stars by the year 2200.
The rate could even be speeded up if access to these orbits was reduced in cost, for example by the new reusable rockets, or by the construction of a future space lift. Or it could be slowed down if technological advance looked for other priorities. In any case there is an active debate about whether humanity should actively send messages into space or whether, on the contrary, we ought to listen discreetly without revealing our presence. "In this context, the exponential increase in our population of satellites could end up by becoming a signal which gives us away, whether we like it or not. This is a point which should be taken into account in this debate" says Socas.
Faced with the question of whether one day we will discover an "Clarke exobelt", and thereby find an extraterrestrial civilization, the researcher gives his vies that "It seems unlikely, but it costs nothing to take a look. It is as if someone gave you a lottery ticket. You know that it is very unlikely that you will win, but as you have it you check up on the result, just in case".
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“Why Is It So Difficult For People To Believe In Extraterrestrial Beings?”
“Why Is It So Difficult For People To Believe In Extraterrestrial Beings?”
Have you ever quietly sat for a moment and really thought about Earth, and how it seems to just magically and properly, hang there in space, without falling into some celestial abyss? Seriously, think about it for a moment . . . close your eyes for a minute or two, and guide yourself high above the Earth so you are looking down upon it. What’s holding it up and in place? For that matter, what’s holding any of the planets and stars in their rightful, possibly, intentional, spot, in the universe?
Now, given that there are millions of galaxies in the universe, which hold millions of stars and planets, isn’t it presumptuous and narcissistic, to believe that we (humans), are the only, for the most part, intelligent, beings, in the universe? Hundreds of thousands, possibly, millions, of people around the world, believe that “extraterrestrial” beings, exist, and have been visiting earth for millennia. Many of these same people, also believe that “star beings,” walk among us every day and most of us are completely unaware of their presence.
Yes, I am one of those “believers,”even though to my knowledge, I have never seen or met one. Although, now that I think of it, there have been a few people I’ve met, who could have definitely been “space visitors.” Take some time and research the subject. I think it might surprise you how many legitimate, sightings, have been documented, both written and recorded. It should come as no surprise, either, that governments around the globe, have known for centuries, that “extraterrestrials and UFO’s” are quite real, but absolutely, refuse, to admit to the public, that they exist. What are they afraid of?
Do they think we can”t handle the truth? Do they think society will break down, and mass chaos, will erupt? Or, is it they are so manipulated, and controlled by “religions,” who adamantly, refuse, to let the “governments” of the world, broadcast the truth to the people? Enough already . . . “extraterrestrials and UFO’s exist,”get over yourselves, get over it, it’s no big deal! With the explosion of cell phones and the “internet,” there have been hundreds and hundreds of actual, recorded sightings, that can’t be disregarded as “fake or CGI” That doesn’t mean that fakes and forgeries, don’t exist, of course they do, but I’m talking reality here.
Check out a couple of these Youtube channels, and the videos they share, in regards to the whole UFO/Alien subject . . .
The ex-politician claims to have evidence four species of aliens have been visiting Earth for decades.
Paul Hellyer, Canadian Minister of National Defence in the 1960s, argues that top governments have long been in cahoots with extraterrestrial beings.
He said: “Decades ago, visitors from other planets warned us about the direction we were heading and offered to help.
“Instead, some of us interpreted their visits as a threat, and decided to shoot first and ask questions after.”
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BOMBSHELL CLAIM: Paul Hellyer says four species of aliens have visited Earth
“Some of us interpreted their visits as a threat, and decided to shoot first and ask questions after”
Paul Hellyer, Canadian Minister of National Defence in the 1960
He also claimed that trillions of dollars have been spent on so-called “black projects” to cover up extraterrestrial life.
Hellyer recalled one terrifying UFO encounter during the Cold War that triggered an investigation.
He added: “In one of the cases during the Cold War, 1961, there were about 50 UFOs in formation flying south from Russia across Europe.
“The supreme allied commander was very concerned and was about ready to press the panic button when they turned around and went back over the North Pole.
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BIZARRE: He recalled one terrifying UFO encounter during the Cold War
“They decided to do an investigation and they investigated for three years and they decided that with absolute certainty that four different species, at least, have been visiting this planet for thousands of years.”
He alleges the ETs travelled to Earth from different star systems.
Hellyer said: “Many are being are benevolent and a few are not. They come from various places, for a long while I only knew about ones that came from different star systems, the Pleadies.
“There are extraterrestrials that come from Andromeda, and ones that live on one of Saturn’s moons.”
Now and again, I get asked for my views on anextremelycontroversial UFO case that first surfaced back in 1980. It all revolved around the supposedshooting of an extraterrestrialcreature on a military base in New Jersey. The statement was made to the late UFO researcher, Leonard Stringfield, who was a long-time collector of stories of crashed UFOs and dead aliens. It’s a story told by the key source, a man that Stringfield gave the pseudonym of “Jeffrey Morse.” On September 23, 1980 Stringfield received a communication in the mail from “Morse,” who claimed a military background and who had a startling tale to tell. It began as follows:
“In January of 1978, I was stationed at McGuire AFB, N.J. One evening, during the time frame of 0300 hrs. and 0500 hrs., there were a number of UFO sightings in the area over the air field and Ft. Dix MP’s were running code in the direction of Brownsville, N.J. A state trooper then entered Gate #5 at the rear of the base requesting assistance and permission to enter. I was dispatched and the trooper wanted access to the runway area which led to the very back of the air field and connected with a heavily wooded area which is part of the Dix training area. He informed me that a Ft. Dix MP was pursuing a low flying object which then hovered over his car. He described it as oval shaped, with no details, and glowing with a bluish-green color. His radio transmission was cut off. At that time in front of his police car, appeared a thing, about 4 feet tall, grayish, brown, fat head, long arms, and slender body. The MP panicked and fired five rounds from his .45 cal. into the thing, and one round into the object above. The object then fled straight up and joined with eleven others high in the sky. This we all saw but didn’t know the details at the time. Anyway, the thing ran into the woods towards our fenceline and they went to look for it. By this time several patrols were involved.
“We found the body of the thing near the runway. It had apparently climbed the fence and died while running. It was all of a sudden hush-hush and no one was allowed near the area. We roped off the area and AFOSI came out and took over. That was the last I saw of it. There was a bad stench coming from it too. Like ammonia smelling but wasn’t constant [in] the air. That day, a team from Wright-Patterson AFB came in a C141 and went to the area. They crated it in a wooden box, sprayed something over it, and then put it into a bigger metal container. They loaded it in the plane and took off. That was it, nothing more said, no report made and we were all told not to have anything to say about it or we would be court-martialed.
“I will be getting out of the Air Force in about two months. Do not disclose my name as I could get into trouble. I am interested in pursuing this and other matters if you need help. Forgive me for not signing this but I can’t take any chances. Please reply to the above address and my parents will forward it to me or I will be home already. Don’t send it here because they monitor all mail closely and I again don’t want to take any chances.”
Stringfield dug deep into the story, checking things out for himself and enlisting the help of the late UFO investigator, Richard Hall. Stringfield was able to chat with “Morse” on the phone just a few weeks before Christmas 1983. Hall met with “Morse,” in January 1985, in Washington, D.C. Hall told Stringfield shortly afterwards that he, Hall, “…detected nothing in his manner, or story, to cause skepticism.” In addition, “Morse” provided a military document (DD Form 1569) that detailed the shooting of the alien. Unfortunately, the document was a photocopy – which made it worthless, since anyone could have concocted it. It would have been far more impressive had it been an original.
There is very little doubt that this case is bogus, even though there is a degree of data suggesting “Morse” really was employed at McGuire AFB. Indeed, he provided a name of one person connected to the base – and allegedly connected to the affair, too – at the time of the alleged incident, and which did prove to be accurate. But, I’m still not impressed.
I refer you to a lengthy report prepared by NIDS, the National Institute of Discovery Science. Its title: “Preliminary Investigation Into The Alleged Shooting Of A Non-Human Entity At Ft. Dix/McGuire Air Force Base On January 18, 1978.” The report states (after a great deal of in-depth digging was over): “NIDS’ working hypothesis (which is subject to change based on further emerging evidence) is that the 1978 McGuire AFB incident did not happen. Further, the putative fabrication of the DD form 1569 suggests that the Fort Dix/McGuire incident may be a hoax.”
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Here Are NASA’s Unreleased Apollo Mission Images They Don’t Want You To See
Here Are NASA’s Unreleased Apollo Mission Images They Don’t Want You To See
The idea that NASA has encountered Alien life during the Apollo missions has aroused the curiosity of thousands of experts in the field for decades.
Ever since NASA successfully landed on the moon, people have wondered whether or not the astronauts on the lunar surface—and during their trip to the moon—witnessed things they couldn’t rationally explain.
In other words; Alien spaceships and structures on the moon’s surface.
These questions were quickly turned into a conspiracy theory, and people who argue that the Apollo astronauts witnessed inexplicable things during their trip to the moon were called out as conspiracy nuts.
To date, the United States is the only country to have successfully conducted manned missions to the surface of Moon, with the last Apollo mission departing the lunar surface in December 1972.
Apollo 11 Moon Landing.
µImage credit: NASA
For nearly half a century—46 years to be precise—space agencies around the globe have avoided going to the moon.
But why?
Was it due to extremely high costs? Risks? Or is it that the moon is simply not an interesting place?
The truth is that today, 46 years after the last successful moon landing we have much better technology than we had 46 years ago.
Money isn’t an issue, for we always find money for things we want and need.
The moon is perhaps one of the most interesting places in the solar system, and numerous experts have claimed it is imperative for humans to establish a colony on the lunar surface.
So, what’s keeping us from landing on the moon?
A man called Bob Dean may answer the above question.
Mr. Dean is retired US Army Command Sergeant Major who served for 28 years.
He has given a number of interesting lectures, providing a wealth of information about not only the moon landings, Apollo missions, but also corroborating what numerous whistleblowers have said in the past.
During the Barcelona Exopolitics Summit, on July 25, 2009, Mr. Dean released a set of amazing images. He also explained the Apollo missions, and what astronauts encountered unlike anyone before him.
During the summit, Mr. Dean released to the public a set of fascinating images supposedly captured by astronauts of the Apollo 12 mission, including an image showing mysterious spacecraft several hundred feet in diameter.
During the lecture, Mr. Dean recounts how on the morning of the 2nd of February 1961, World War III almost began, and a fleet of unidentified flying objects were to blame:
“It appears that on the morning of the 2nd of February 1961, World War III almost started. It was involved in the flyover of large numbers of circular metallic craft, flying in formation, very obviously under intelligent control,” said Mr. Dean during the lecture.
Mr. Dean continued: “They would fly out of the Soviet sector in the Warsaw Pact toward the U.S. in formation at a high speed and at a very high altitude. They would turn north over the English Channel over the southern coast of England and then they would disappear off of NATO radar over the Norwegian Sea.”
“The Soviets went on red alert. The NATO forces went on red alert. Everybody was, you know … fingers on their triggers, thumbs poised above those red buttons. And World War III was just moments away,” explained Mr. Dean. “Within 20 minutes, it was all over. The objects flew, turned north and disappeared off of radar.”
Soon after the mysterious sighting that nearly triggered WWIII, a study of the occurred took place.
Experts concluded how “…planet Earth and the human race had been under some kind of survey or observation going on for hundreds, if not thousands, of years. They concluded, in 1964, that there were at least four different groups coming here, observing us, surveying us, analyzing us, closely watching us, what we were up to, what we were doing. They concluded that it did not appear to be a military threat involved, because their repeated demonstrations of incredibly advanced technology demonstrated to us that, if they had been hostile or malevolent, there was absolutely nothing we could do. If they were evil in their intent and they were hostile toward us, it would have been over a long time ago.”
“…the conclusion was there were four different groups involved,” explained Mr. Dean.
The next image, says Mr. Dean, shows a mysterious disc-shaped object with several hundred feet in diameter. It was snapped while astronauts made their way to the surface of the moon.
The next two images were taken by Apollo Astronauts when they were overflying the so-called Lansberg crater. According to Mr. Dean; “The astronauts in orbit above the Moon were particularly fascinated by the Lansberg crater. They had been given a special designation to take pictures of Lansberg, because the crater, which they named as the Lansberg, had things going on that were very anomalous. There was construction going on. There were gigantic facilities in the crater up there. So they were specifically delegated and assigned to photograph Lansberg to see if they could figure out what the hell was going on down there. While they were looking at Lansberg, this object happened to express interest in them and flew by. Now this line is an artificial line that was drawn to show you the … it gave the direction that this object was going. This is a good-size object flying past the Apollo Lander.”
Are these mysterious spots alien structures on the lunar surface?
Mr. Dean continued showing evidence gathered by astronauts from the Apollo 13 mission. The below image, says Mr. Dean, where taken as Apollo 13 astronauts were traveling to the moon when a number of things began happening. Some strange objects were appearing outside the windows of the spacecraft, so the Apollo 13 Astronauts grabbed their Hasselblad cameras and started taking pictures of what they had seen.
This photograph below shows three different objects.
Another image of the Apollo 13 ‘UFO’ encounter, as noted by Mr. Dean.
Read the entire transcript and view more images here.
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Interdimensional beings, Aliens From “Dimensions” That Coexist Alongside Our Own?
Interdimensional beings, Aliens From “Dimensions” That Coexist Alongside Our Own?
The definition for interdimensional beings or interdimensional intelligence is usually described as a theoretical or ‘real’ entity that exists in a dimension beyond our own.
Despite the fact that such beings are believed to exist only in science fiction, fantasy and the supernatural, there are numerous Ufologists who refer to them as real beings.
The Interdimensional Hypothesis
The interdimensional hypothesis was proposed by a number of Ufologists like Jacques Vallée who suggests that unidentified flying objects (UFOs) and related events (such as alien sightings) imply visits from beings from other “realities” or “dimensions” that coexist separately with ours. Some have referred to these beings as visitors from another universe.
In other words, Vallée and other authors suggest that aliens are real but exist not in our dimension, but in another reality, that coexists with our own.
This theory is an alternative to the extraterrestrial hypothesis which suggests that aliens are advanced spacefaring beings that exist in our universe.
The interdimensional hypothesis argues that UFOs are a modern manifestation of a phenomenon that has occurred throughout recorded human history, which in earlier times was attributed to mythological or supernatural creatures—Ancient Astronaut theory.
What if Aliens are travelers from another dimension? Does that mean we are alone in the universe after all?
Image Credit: Shutterstock.
But despite the fact that modern Ufologists and millions of people around the globe believe we are not alone in this universe, many ufologists and paranormal researchers have embraced the interdimensional Hypothesis, suggesting that it explains the Alien theory in a much smoother way.
Paranormal investigator Brad Steiger wrote that “we are dealing with a multidimensional paraphysical phenomenon that is largely originating from planet Earth.”
Other ufologists, such as John Ankerberg and John Weldon, who also favor the interdimensional hypothesis argue that UFO sightings fit in the spiritualist phenomenon.
Commenting on the disparity between the Extraterrestrial hypothesis and the reports that people have made of UFO encounters, Ankerberg and Weldon wrote that “the UFO phenomenon simply does not behave like extraterrestrial visitors.”
This Interdimensional Hypothesis took a step further in the book UFOs: Operation Trojan Horse published in 1970, where author John Keel linked UFOs to supernatural concepts such as ghosts and demons.
Some advocates of the extraterrestrial theory have embraced some of the ideas set forth by the Interdimensional Hypothesisbecause it does a better job explaining how ‘aliens’ could travel in space across vast distances.
The distance between the stars makes interstellar travel impractical using conventional means and since no one has demonstrated an antigravity engine or any other machine that would allow a traveler to move across the cosmos at speed faster than light, the Interdimensional Hypothesis makes much more sense.
Are aliens, in fact, interdimensional travelers?
Image Credit: Shutterstock.
According to this theory, is not necessary to use any method of propulsion because it maintains that UFOs are not spacecraft, but devices that travel between different realities. However, they still need to get from one reality to the other, right?
One of the benefits of the Interdimensional Hypothesis according to Hilary Evans—a British pictorial archivist, author, and researcher into UFOs and other paranormal phenomena—is that it can explain the apparent ability of UFOs to appear and disappear, not only from sight but from radar; as the interdimensional UFO’s can enter and leave our dimension at will, meaning they have the ability to materialize and dematerialize.
On the other hand, Evans argues that if the other dimension is slightly more advanced than ours, or is perhaps our own future, this would explain the tendency of UFOs to represent technologies close to the future.
Declassified FBI document—beings from other dimensions exist
While all of the above may sound like something coming from a sci-fi movie, there is a peculiar declassified top-secret document in the FBI archives which speaks of interdimensional beings, and how their ‘spacecraft’ have the ability to materialize and dematerialize in our own dimension.
Here is a transcript of some of the most important details of the report:
Part of the disks carry crews; others are under remote control
Their mission is peaceful. The visitors contemplate settling on this plane
These visitors are human-like but much larger in size
They are not excarnate Earth people but come from their own world
They do NOT come from a planet as we use the word, but from an etheric planet which interpenetrates with our own and is not perceptible to us
The bodies of the visitors, and the craft, automatically materialize on entering the vibratory rate of our dense matter
The disks possess a type of radiant energy or a ray, which will easily disintegrate any attacking ship. They reenter the etheric at will, and so simply disappear from our vision, without trace
The region from which they come is not the “astral plane,” but corresponds to the Lokas or Talas. Students of osoteric matters will understand these terms.
They probably cannot be reached by radio, but probably can be by radar. if a signal system can be devised for that (apparatus)
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Did climate change kill all the aliens?
Did climate change kill all the aliens?
Did local weather alternate already kill all of the extraterrestrial beings we’ve got been in search of?
In line with astrophysicist Adam Frank, it is no doubt an opportunity — and whether or not people are doomed to the similar destiny might already be out of our palms.
Frank, a professor of physics and astronomy on the College of Rochester in New York, is the lead writer of a brand new paper printed Would possibly 1 within the magazine Astrobiology that goals to take what Frank calls a “10,000-light-year” view of anthropogenic (human-caused) local weather alternate. The use of mathematical fashions in keeping with the disappearance of a real-life misplaced civilization right here on Earth (the previous population of Easter Island), Frank and his colleagues simulated how quite a lot of alien civilizations would possibly upward push and fall in the event that they had been to more and more convert their planet’s restricted herbal assets into calories. [12 Possible Reasons We Haven’t Found Aliens]
“The regulations of physics call for that any younger inhabitants, construction an energy-intensive civilization like ours, goes to have comments on its planet,” Frank mentioned in a remark. “Seeing local weather alternate on this cosmic context can provide us higher perception into what is going down to us now and find out how to take care of it.”
The effects, as chances are you’ll be expecting, had been usually beautiful grim. Of 4 not unusual “trajectories” for energy-intense civilizations, 3 led to apocalypse. The fourth state of affairs — a trail that concerned changing the entire alien society to sustainable assets of calories — labored handiest when civilizations known the wear they had been doing to the planet, and acted within the straight away.
“The closing state of affairs is probably the most horrifying,” Frank mentioned. “Even supposing you probably did the appropriate factor, if you happen to waited too lengthy, you’ll want to nonetheless have your inhabitants cave in.”
3 paths to apocalypse
For Frank, the trail to modeling an apocalypse begins with Easter Island.
“Easter Island items a specifically helpful instance for our personal functions since it’s continuously taken as a lesson for world sustainability,” Frank and his colleagues wrote within the paper. “Many research point out that Easter Island’s population depleted their assets, resulting in hunger and termination of the island’s civilization.”
Running from earlier equations that modeled the autumn of Easter Island’s inhabitants along the depletion of its assets, the staff discovered 4 imaginable finish issues for a hypothetical alien civilization in a similar way constrained by means of restricted herbal assets.
4 eventualities for the destiny of civilizations and their planets, in keeping with mathematical fashions advanced by means of Adam Frank and his collaborators. The black line displays the trajectory of the civilization’s inhabitants and the pink line displays the co-evolving trajectory of the planet’s state (a proxy for temperature).Michael Osadciw / College of Rochester representation
“The primary trajectory we discovered is what we name the die-off,” Frank mentioned.
On this state of affairs, the civilization’s inhabitants skyrockets over a brief time period, and because the extraterrestrial beings guzzle calories and belch out greenhouse gases, the planet’s temperature spikes, too. (On this find out about, temperature was once used to constitute human-made affects on the earth’s habitability by means of greenhouse fuel air pollution.) The inhabitants peaks, then all at once plummets as emerging temperatures make survival tougher and tougher. The inhabitants in the end ranges off, however with a fragment of the individuals who had been round earlier than. [Doomsday: 9 Real Ways the World Could End]
“Consider if seven out of 10 other people you knew died briefly,” Frank mentioned. “It is not transparent a fancy technological civilization may just live on that roughly alternate.”
The second one state of affairs is sustainability. Right here, each the planet’s inhabitants and its world temperature climb abruptly however then stage off when the civilization acknowledges how its useful resource control is affecting nature. To succeed in an equilibrium, Frank mentioned, the inhabitants would want to transfer from assets that take a top toll on the earth (like oil) to extra sustainable assets (like solar power). Civilization is stored!
Each the 3rd and fourth eventualities are referred to as “cave in.” Right here, as within the “die-off” state of affairs, each the planet’s inhabitants and the planet’s temperature upward push dramatically over a brief length. However this time, when other people get started death from a loss of fundamental assets, there aren’t any survivors. Whether or not a civilization simply dies off or completely collapses is dependent upon how delicate the surroundings is and the way briefly it responds to emerging populations.
Even supposing the civilization realizes it is destructive the surroundings and makes makes an attempt to modify to sustainable assets — a state of affairs referred to as “cave in with useful resource alternate” — it is too past due. The civilization would possibly see a short lived slowing within the inhabitants decline, however in the end, it drops to 0 anyway. The wear is finished; civilization is doomed.
Act now whilst civilization lasts
The variation between a sustainable long run and a dangerous cave in was once in large part depending on a inhabitants’s foresight — how quickly they discovered they had been destroying their planet, and the way briefly they took motion. In line with Frank, this distinction will have to encourage people to take local weather alternate severely.
“Throughout cosmic house and time, you’ll have winners — who controlled to peer what was once occurring and determine a trail via it — and losers, who simply could not get their act in combination and their civilization fell by means of the wayside,” Frank mentioned.
“The query is, which class will we need to be in?”
is director of astrobiology at Columbia University in New York. He is the author of Extrasolar Planets and Astrobiology (2009), which won the Chambliss Astronomical Writing Award. His latest book is The Zoomable Universe: An Epic Tour Through Cosmic Scale, from Almost Everything to Nearly Nothing (2017).
We have a problem. In a 10-billion-year-old galaxy there should have been ample opportunity for at least one species to escape its own mess, and to spread across the stars, filling every niche. That this species doesn’t seem to have come calling leads to Fermi’s Paradox – if life isn’t impossibly rare, then where is everyone? Efforts to scan the skies for signs of intelligent life have come up blank too, adding to the puzzle. Perhaps the vast gulfs of interstellar space and the narrow windows of time for communicative species to exist within shouting distance of each other are to blame. Intelligences might be like small ships passing in the night in a vast ocean. Actual close encounters of any kind could be exceedingly unusual.
Another explanation for the great silence of the galaxy is that any surviving intelligence out there is so different from us, so radically evolved, that we can’t even conceive of its forms or behaviours. As a consequence, actually detecting and recognising it could be next to impossible. That’s a bit of a downer.
But there is also a possibility that lies between such extremes and it might be the most probable of all. When our first encounter or detection finally occurs, it could be a machine intelligence that appears in our sights.
The idea is not truly new. Back in the 1940s, the mathematician John von Neumann explored the possibilities of non-biological, self-replicating systems steeped in computation but requiring no operating minds. Later on, in the 1980s, others expanded on this concept by considering the real engineering needs for autonomous, replicating, space-faring devices; these machines would be able to roam the Universe, finding raw materials to build more and more of themselves, creating the infrastructure for energy from space or human settlement among the stars.
It would require a more complex mission still for such devices to have true artificial intelligence (AI). What would that purpose be, and what kind of AI is such a machine likely to have? An encounter with an alien machine could help us unravel this puzzle.
One possibility is that this machine is super-capable, exceeding our human capacity for cognitive or analytical tasks. Such an AI might be exceedingly hard to understand, either in terms of its underlying motivation or because of practical barriers of communication bandwidth. For this device, talking to us might be like talking to an infant. Or trying to discuss the collected works of Shakespeare using pictographs. An alien system optimised for processing vast data streams might not even be able to downgrade its pace enough to notice that we’re trying to talk, whether we use technology or not.
An extraterrestrial (ET) AI could also be seriously intimidating and scary simply because of its machine nature: a thing animated from non-living pieces, just like the classic tale of the golem moulded from clay or mud. By comparison, while a biological alien might be shocking, it would surely have some traits in common with us. We could convince ourselves that evolution leads to recognisable, even sympathetic behaviours and intentions. An artificial entity need not follow all of those evolutionary rules, taking alienness to a whole other level.
Encountering an alien AI would not only point to our own possible future, but also prompt a curious shift in our worldview. When Nicolaus Copernicus proposed in the 1500s that the Earth was not central in any way to the Universe, he set in motion the development of a critical scientific idea: that there is nothing cosmically special or significant about us. But meeting an ET-AI could turn that realisation on its head: if the only intelligence we meet is machine in nature, then we would be special, after all.
If we do meet an AI in our cosmological jaunt, it probably won’t be conscious in the full sense of the word. In fact, I think we’d find ourselves facing something akin to a ‘savant’ intelligence – a whiz at specific tasks, but otherwise extremely limited in its capacities.
A recent example right here on Earth is Google’s AlphaGo Master, a system that plays the board game Go, and learns some of its skills by exposure to vast catalogues of human-played games. Within a year of its inception, it began outdoing the world’s highest-ranking human Go players. Next came an evolved system called AlphaGo Zero. In 40 days of training, without recourse to data from historical games, this new AI made itself better than its silicon ancestor, and better than any living human. Now, yet another variant, AlphaZero, has taken a mere 24 hours to train itself and beat a modestly trained iteration of AlphaGo Zero – as well as topping other systems at playing both chess and Shogi, sometimes known as Japanese chess. If you read interviews with expert players, you’ll see that these machines don’t even play like humans, their strategies are alien and seemingly unfathomable.
These Alphas are the epitome of a savant machine. Such AIs will help us answer a host of scientific problems that are presently on the hairy edge of tractability. The researchers behind the Alpha systems are already talking about the puzzle of protein-folding – how chains of amino acids twist, gyrate and fold into structures with essential biological utility. The underlying molecular rules are understood but predicting what a particular recipe will give you is currently extremely difficult. It certainly sounds like a job for some future AlphaFold Zero.
Or take other pieces of modern science. Cosmological simulations or climate and weather predictions are all driven by physics phenomena such as gravitation, fluid dynamics and thermodynamics. Computer codes digitisethese phenomena, calculating billions of iterations of forces and movements. But these computations are still hemmed in by processor speeds and precision. Deep-learning self-taught AIs might turn out to do better as quantitative soothsayers than those intense numerical simulations – presently bounded by their comparatively plodding, systematic approaches. A machine’s savant intuition might be able to skip across compute cycles, ‘seeing’ what the answer will be in a probabilistic sense, rather than painstakingly reproducing a pixelated version of it. Similarly, a machine’s savant intuition might be applied to the root process of scientific deduction and discovery itself. The possibilities are yet to be much explored, but they could be extraordinary. Savant machines could turn out to be simply so useful, so revolutionary in expanding our capacity for discovery and exploration, that there’s little initial motivation to seek anything fancier.
A cosmos filled with worlds offers millions, billions, even trillions of natural test tubes
If this pattern of machine development is happening for us, it could represent a pattern that happens across the cosmos to influence the nature of cosmic exploration itself. Savant AIs would become the ultimate tools for allowing biological life to reach across interstellar distances: more robust than biology, and not smart enough to raise ethical concerns about being sent off to roam the cosmos according to our scientific whims. Propelling millions of these investigators into space would be an inevitable step. They could be sent to other stars and planetary systems, and designed to recognise the most interesting characteristics of these places, from astrophysics to the presence of life. These machines would reflect the motivations of their biological creators; perhaps simple curiosity, perhaps something more.
Another compelling reason for savant machines to be roaming the cosmos arises from thinking about how to build more general, more powerful AIs. It might be that a general AI system can be built out of lots of smaller savant AIs, each taking on some specific, difficult cognitive task, but linked together. That linkage could be very localised or quite spread out like the architecture of biological neural circuits. There’s the face-recognising savant, the natural-language savant, the calculus-savant, the tax-evading savant. One could then imagine an AI whose job is to learn how to combine savant AIs into something akin to a general intelligence – establishing a nursery for machine consciousness run from on-high.
The most challenging task for a nursery-room AI would be how to expose its collective of savants to the complexity of the real-world environment. Nature isn’t just about meeting fixed goals; it’s full of noise, randomness and trillions upon trillions of interacting pieces. For example, from the very instant an embryo forms, it is exposed to constant variation. First just a few cells, it senses the world purely from a molecular point of view. As the embryo develops organs to register light, sound, touch and smell, the portals to experience – and their complexity – expand.
In short, the way for a species to make a better AI is to let that AI and its components explore the messy Universe. As complex and nourishing as a single planet can be, a cosmos filled with worlds offers millions, billions, even trillions of natural test tubes, each with its own tale of natural selection and chance. Spreading savant AI pieces across the stars offers a way to exploit these endless natural experiments and sensory inputs.
The path towards better AI might parallel biological evolution only in superficial ways. Consider the raw development of a human brain. The core process appears to be a one-shot effort. It starts with stem cells racing up an initial structure called a neural tube at a rate of 15 million every hour and hooking together in a developing embryo. That prodigious assembly of the brain is followed by learning – the brain is shaped and pruned as experience creates our unique path through life. Although we’re incredibly flexible, and capable of absorbing and mastering all sorts of skills and knowledge, as individuals we are also, sadly, constrained by whatever genetic hand we were dealt. And, in truth, while we can all keep learning and changing, we seldom develop any miraculous new talents during our lifetimes.
A machine might not be as constrained, especially if critical pieces are out exploring the cosmos and have been designed to evolve into something new. Savant components of a larger intelligence might come and go in an ever-changing pick-and-mix. Some cognitive skills might be useful in certain contexts but could simply get in the way in other situations. In other words, machine-based intelligence could be highly fluid, changeable and, most of all, rapidly evolvable. As a consequence, what could be lurking out there in the cosmos is a vast and diverse zoo of AIs.
We might be incapable of registering the presence of billion-year-old machine savants
In a sense, such AIs parallel the microbial machines that are at the core of life on Earth – forming the smallest units of intelligence to traverse the Universe, and ultimately combining together, as the evolutionary biologist Lynn Margulis posed, to create multicellular creatures, larger entities and consciousness itself. In fact, long after a biological species has faded away amid the relentless torrent of natural selection, or self-destruction, this type of machine will remain.
AI beyond Earth might be hard to recognise. Just as someone living on the steppe in 12th-century Mongolia would find a self-driving car both magical and meaningless, we might be quite incapable of registering or interpreting the presence of billion-year-old machine savants. Equally, savant machines might not be actively seeking to talk to us, or any other intelligences.
But a recognisable encounter with even one savant machine would indeed change everything. It would tell us that the galaxy is awash with intelligence, and could suggest that our future might be one of a vestigial, fading biological presence. Most of all, this discovery would tell us that we might currently be the only natural minds consciously aware of these facts. That’s because the biology that could produce AI explorers would likely evolve or go extinct on timescales far shorter than the persistence of these interstellar machines, and we already live in a galaxy that is 10 billion years old.
Finding an AI-ET could unlock our own cosmic exploration by lighting a path forward. It might also offer insight into the nature of its creators, those ancestral intelligences, presumably in biological form. Exactly what this investigative process would look like is extremely hard to imagine. Even a single savant AI might not come in one physical package but rather a swarm of tinier components incredibly hard to digest. However, let’s assume that by interrogation or literal disassembly we eventually solve the mystery of the AI-ET’s origins. We might find evidence of an organic species like us – or we might discover only machines all the way down.
Dark flying objects have been suspected to be UFOs recently.
YouTube Representational screenshot/ secureteam10
Conspiracy theory channel 'UFO Mania' has uploaded an eerie video claiming that non-human entities like ghost helicopters are in control of our skies. Using inputs from a website named 'UFO Spain', the narrator of the video argues that these dark flying objects are completely black in color, and it lacks any kind of number plates or identification marks.
According to conspiracy theorists, these black helicopters are often connected with several cases of alien abduction, cattle mutilation events, and UFO encounters. Initially, many alien enthusiasts argued that these black helicopters could actually be secret military vessels developed by the government. But now, the conspiracy theory channel has suggested that the real truth about these flying objects might be more shocking and terrifying.
In the video, the narrator connected the strange case of cattle mutilations which happened in the 1970s with these mysterious flying objects. Floyd K. Haskell, who was the senator for the state of Colorado at that time even contacted the FBI and asked to investigate the strange case of mutilations.
It should be noted that the cattle mutilations were carried out with a terrifying precision and surgical excellence. In all the cases of mutilations, the left ear, rectum and the sexual organ of the animals were cut, and interestingly, not even a single blood tinge was found on the ground.
In these cases of cattle mutilations, dark helicopters were seen flying across the areas in complete silence. Conspiracy theorists argue that no helicopters can fly in such silence, and they claim that these flying objects might be made using alien technology. The video also reveals that some of those black helicopters have shape-shifting abilities.
However, skeptics argue that humans have already mastered advanced technologies, and most of these innovations are being covered up from the common man's eye.
"The average American has no idea what technology the government has. They are far ahead of what they allow to be released to the sleeping masses. They don't need technology from the so-called Aliens. Just like the average American has no idea what is going on in other countries. Just because the sheeple don't know about it doesn't mean it came from nonhuman beings. Just like this post, it's all part of The Great Deception leading the sheeple into something they can not get out of," commented Arliss Young, a YouTube user.
These skeptics also made it clear that the US government has been using these silent crafts for covert operations.
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Aliens created GOD when they left Earth - TV history presenter claims
Aliens created GOD when they left Earth - TV history presenter claims
ANCIENT alien civilisations were once mistakenly venerated by humans, creating the base for modern-day religion, it has been spectacularly claimed by History Channel presenter Giorgio Tsoukalos.
Mr Tsoukalos presented his incredible theory about the origins of religion at the annual Contact in the Desert UFO conference in Indiana Wells, California, this weekend.
The TV conspiracy theorist known for hosting Ancient Aliens on the History Channel gave an impassioned two-hour talk about ancient encounters between humans and extraterrestrial astronauts.
The UFO-hunter alleged early people misrepresented alien visitors as deities and their technology was interpreted as magic.
He said: “The reason that we’re in the crap that we’re in today is because of misunderstood technology.
“The reason we have religion today is because of misunderstood visits of extra-terrestrials.”
According to Mr Tsoukalos, examples of the misrepresented technology are evident in the Egyptian and Central American Pyramids as well as ancient literature and art.
The TV host blamed archaeologists for dismissing evidence of alien visitors in ancient relics as artwork of gods, magic and other fantastical beings.
Among other things, the Ancient Aliens host claimed the Earth is round and not flat, humans will one day explore the far corners of space and aliens do in fact need space suits when travelling through space.
GETTY
Alien claim: TV presenter Giorgio Tsoukalos believes in ancient alien astronauts
GETTY
Mr Tsoukalos came to prominence for his appearance on the History Channel show
He said: “If the alien guy says that the Earth is round, trust me, it’s round.”
The reason we have religion today is because of misunderstood visits of extra-terrestrials
Giorgio Tsoukalos, Ancient Aliens
Mr Tsoukalos is a vocal proponent of the idea alien astronauts interacted with ancient humans in the past.
His offbeat theories came to prominence and online fame thanks to his appearances on the History Channel series Ancient Aliens.
The TV host has since appeared on the Travel Channel, the Sci-Fi Channel and National Geographic.
However, his work on Ancient Aliens has been described by audiences to be farfetched and extremely speculative.
GETTY
Mr Tsoukalos gave a speech at the Desert Expo UFO conference in California
Historian Ronald Fritze criticised the “pseudohistory” presented by the show’s experts.
He said: “The producers provided the window dressing of giving both the true believers and the skeptics some screen time.
“In the end, however, the final presentation was heavily stacked in favour of those who believe in ancient astronauts.”
The Contact in the Desert Expo is an annual UFO and alien conference held in the US.
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06-06-2018
DO ALIENS EXIST OR ARE WE ALONE IN THE UNIVERSE?
DO ALIENS EXIST OR ARE WE ALONE IN THE UNIVERSE?
Does intelligent life exist somewhere else in Universe apart from Earth? Should we believe people claiming to have seen strange Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs)? Are their aliens looking at us without our knowledge? U’th Time (UT) asks India’s youth their opinions on one of the most controversial (and interesting) topics mankind has ever dealt with. Continue reading to hear shocking answers & revelations…
UFOs, Aliens and Extraterrestrials are considered one of the most controversial topics to ever face mankind and they continue to be so. No Governments on planet Earth have ever formally discussed the presence (or absence) of Aliens primarily due to lack of any physical contact with Extraterrestrial life. However, there are many who believe in the existence of intelligent life on other planets and are optimistic that soon there will be full disclosure.
WHY Aliens CAN exist?
In our Milky Way galaxy, there are estimated to be at least 200,000,000,000 Stars (like Sun) and we go by mathematically (and use the famous Drake’s Equation) there are at least 65 Civilizations like us or even more advanced just in our own Galaxy. In our known Universe, there exist at least 100,000,000,000 Galaxies like ours. Even if we take the lowest probability of one in a million, there still could exist at least 100s of planets like earth and many more civilizations in our known Universe. Seth Shostak, a senior astronomer for SETI (the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence), is so confident that he set a date for our likely encounter with intelligent alien life forms.
At this juncture, it must also be pointed out that the Universe is expanding as you read this article at unimaginable rates and, hence, giving existence to new galaxies, stars & planets. Is that good enough proof that aliens do exist? Seth Shostak stated, “It is quite likely that there is life elsewhere in our galaxy, and there’s a real possibility that we will find evidence of intelligent extraterrestrial life by the year 2025.” At this juncture, it must also be pointed out that the Universe is expanding as you read this article at unimaginable rates and, hence, giving existence to new galaxies, stars & planets. Is that good enough proof that aliens do exist? Stephen Hawking, British theoretical physicist and cosmologist, provides the best answer “To my mathematical brain, the numbers alone make thinking about aliens perfectly rational, the real challenge is to work out what aliens might actually be like.” Well, it seems, at least Mathematically, YES intelligent aliens CAN Exist.
Can Alien life be intelligent?
There’s always a flip side to something as controversial as the existence of Extraterrestrials. The first question that comes to mind is that if intelligent life does exist why haven’t they contacted humans yet? Some of the scientists believe that although life might exist on other planets – it might NOT be intelligent like us HUMANS. So what we see in movies like AVATAR might not be possible just yet! Another interesting point that points towards the non-existence of intelligent alien life is the lack of Robotic (Unmanned) missions to earth, similar to our own space exploration activities and missions on planets such as Mars, Jupiter etc. However, many astronomers have pointed that due to vast distances between Galaxies & Stars, it might be unrealistic to expect that in the vastness of universe other intelligent alien life would only try to find planet ‘Earth’.
Contact with Aliens?
According to Akshit Aggrawal (and a lot of his friends) “aliens do exist and we’ll definitely be contacted by them very soon. There’s no way we are alone in this massive universe – it’s only a matter of time. There have been different documentaries detailing the existence of aliens and some say we’ve already been contacted by them”. In 2008, Dr. Edgar Mitchell, an Apollo 14 astronaut (and the sixth man to walk on the moon), claimed that “Aliens have contacted humans several times but this things have always been kept a secret from the general public”. Moreover, an organization known as ‘The Disclosure Project’ has had over 500 (American) government, military, and intelligence community witnesses testifying to their direct, personal, firsthand experience with UFOs, ETs, ET technology etc. On the contrary, many astronomers believe this to be just propaganda and no real evidence has ever existed to prove that aliens have visited our planet and contacted humans.µ
What does the future hold? Would it ever be possible to witness a small grey person with large eyes standing outside your house to pay a visit from a distant planet? Well, the answer lies from somewhere between a straight ‘NO’ to a ‘MAY BE’. SETI, the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, continues to conduct scientific research (and search) through “a set of disciplines ranging from observing and modeling the precursors of life in the depths of outer space to studies of Earth”. The answer to the question ‘Are we alone in the Universe’ is definitely NOT as straightforward as some might believe but yet there are arguments justifying both the absence and presence of intelligent life on other planets. Well all we can do (for now at least) is simply WAIT!
My previous article was titled “..the ‘others’ are far more advanced than we are.” It was focused on the work of a National Security Agency employee named Lambros Callimahos. He was a man who had a deep interest in the matter of extraterrestrial life and its implications for us – good, bad or somewhere in between. The article began as follows: “Of the many and various UFO / extraterrestrial-themed documents and papers that have surfaced under the terms of the U.S. Freedom of Information Act, one of the more interesting ones is Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence. It was written back in the 1960s (specifically in 1965) by a man named Lambros D. Callimahos. He was a cryptologist with the National Security Agency. On September 23, 1965, Callimahos took part in a panel-style debate on the subject of his paper at a conference on military electronics in Washington, D.C.”
It’s worth noting that three years later, Callimahos wrote another paper on extraterrestrial life and UFOs. His 1968 paper was titled UFO Hypothesis and Survival Questions. He stated: “It is the purpose of this monograph to consider briefly some of the human survival implications suggested by the various principal hypotheses concerning the nature of the phenomena loosely categorized as ‘UFO.’ UFO Hypothesis and Survival Questions focuses its attention for the most part on five central issues: (a) All UFOs are hoaxes; (b) All UFOs are hallucinations; (c) All UFOs are natural phenomena; (d) Some UFOs are secret earth projects; and (e) Some UFOs are related to extra-terrestrial intelligence.”
In relation to point “a,” Callimahos said: “…the fact that UFO phenomenon have been witnessed all over the world from ancient times, and by considerable numbers of reputable scientists in recent times, indicates rather strongly that UFOs are not all hoaxes…” When it came to hallucinations, Callimahos had a few key thoughts: “People, of course, do hallucinate. Although groups of people hallucinating is rare, it has been known to happen. Machines have their own form of hallucination; the radar, in particular, ‘sees’ temperature inversions. But a considerable number of instances exist in which there are groups of people and a radar or radars seeing the same thing at the same time; sometimes a person and a gun camera confirm each other’s testimony. On occasion, physical evidence of a circumstantial nature was reported to have been found to support witnessed sightings. A continuing high percentage of reports of unusual aerial phenomena are being reported by people in responsible positions in science, government and industry. The sum of such evidence seems to argue strongly against all UFOs being hallucinations.” He added: “Many UFOs have been reported by trained observers to behave like high speed, high performance, high altitude rockets or aircraft.”
As for the matter of at least some UFOs really being secret weapons, rather than extraterrestrial craft, Callimahos told his readers: “…[the] U.S. Air Force re-entry vehicle and an often publicized Canadian ‘saucer’ project leave little doubt as to the validity of this hypothesis. Undoubtedly, all UFOs should be carefully scrutinized to ferret out such enemy (or ‘friendly’) projects. Otherwise a nation faces the very strong possibility of being intimidated by a new secret ‘doomsday’ weapon.”
Callimahos also had fairly dire warnings for those who might think that an encounter with aliens would be overwhelmingly positive in nature. It’s important to note that he wasn’t talking about aliens attacking us and taking over the planet and trying to wipe us out – in The War of the Worlds or Independence Daystyle. Rather, Callimahos was talking about something else; something that was no less potentially hazardous, though. He spelled it out in eye-opening and concise fashion:
“If ‘they’ discover you, it is an old but hardly invalid rule of thumb, ‘they’ are your technological superiors. Human history has shown us time and again the tragic results of a confrontation between a technologically superior civilization and a technologically inferior people. The ‘inferior’ is usually subject to physical conquest. Often in the past, a technologically superior people are also processors of a more virile or aggressive culture. In a confrontation between two peoples of significantly different cultural levels, those having the inferior or less virile culture, most often suffer a tragic loss of identity and are usually absorbed by the other people.”
Could a worldwide encounter with aliens lead to our downfall, possibly in the way that Lambros Callimahos warned of fifty years ago? Maybe it really could…
How could you devise a message for intelligent creatures from another planet? They wouldn’t know any human language. Their ‘speech’ might be as different from ours as the eerie cries of whales or the twinkling lights of fireflies. Their cultural and scientific history would have followed its own path. Their minds might not even work like ours. Would the deep structure of language, its so called ‘universal grammar’ be the same for aliens as for us? A group of linguists and other scientists gathered on May 26 to discuss the challenging problems posed by devising a message that extraterrestrial beings could understand. There are growing hopes that such beings might be out there among the billions of habitable planets that we now think exist in our galaxy. The symposium, called ‘Language in the Cosmos’ was organized by METI International. It took place as part of the National Space Society’s International Space Development Conference in Los Angeles. The Chair of the workshop was Dr. Sheri Wells-Jensen, a linguist from Bowling Green State University in Ohio.
What is METI International?
‘METI’ stands for messaging to extraterrestrial intelligence. METI International is an organization of scientists and scholars that aims to foster an entirely new approach in our search for alien civilizations. Since 1960, researchers have been looking for extraterrestrials by searching for possible messages they might send to us by radio or laser beams. They have sought the giant megastructures that advanced alien societies might build in space. METI International wants to move beyond this purely passive search strategy. They want to construct and transmit messages to the planets of relatively nearby stars, hoping for a response.
One of the organization’s central goals is to build an interdisciplinary community of scholars concerned with designing interstellar messages that can be understood by non-human minds. More generally, it works internationally to promote research in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence and astrobiology, and to understand the evolution of intelligence here on Earth. The daylong symposium featured eleven presentations. It main theme was the role of linguistics in communication with extraterrestrial intelligence.
METI International
This article
This article is the first in a two part series. It will focus on one of the most fundamental issues addressed at the conference. This is the question of whether the deep underlying structure of language would likely be the same for extraterrestrials as for us. Linguists understand the deep structure of language using the theory of ‘universal grammar’. The imminent Linguist Noam Chomsky developed this theory in the middle of the twentieth century.
Two interrelated presentations at the symposium addressed the issue of universal grammar. The first was by Dr. Jeffery Punske of Southern Illinois University and Dr. Bridget Samuels of the University of Southern California. The second was given by Dr. Jeffery Watumull of Oceanit, whose coauthors were Dr. Ian Roberts of the University of Cambridge, and Dr. Noam Chomskyhimself, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Chomsky’s universal grammar-For humans only?
Universal grammar
Despite its name, Chomsky originally took his ‘universal grammar’ theory to imply that there are major, and maybe insuperable barriers to mutual understanding between humans and extraterrestrials. Let’s first consider why Chomsky’s theories seemed to make interstellar communication virtually hopeless. Then we’ll examine why Chomsky’s colleagues who presented at the symposium, and Chomsky himself, now think differently.
Before the second half of the twentieth century, linguists believed that the human mind was a blank slate, and that we learned language entirely by experience. These beliefs dated to the seventeenth century philosopher John Locke and were elaborated in the laboratories of behaviorist psychologists in the early twentieth century. Beginning in the 1950’s, Noam Chomsky challenged this view. He argued that learning a language couldn’t simply be a matter of learning to associate stimuli with responses. He saw that young children, even before the age of 5, can consistently produce and interpret original sentences that they had never heard before. He spoke of a “poverty of the stimulus”. Children couldn’t possibly be exposed to enough examples to learn the rules of language from scratch.
Chomsky posited instead that the human brain contained a “language organ”. This language organ was already pre-organized at birth for the basic rules of language, which he called “universal grammar”. It made human infants primed and ready to learn whatever language they were exposed to using only a limited number of examples. He proposed that the language organ arose in human evolution, maybe as recently of 50,000 years ago. Chomsky’s powerful arguments were accepted by other linguists. He came to be regarded as one of the great linguists and cognitive scientists of the twentieth century.
Universal grammar and ‘Martians’
Human beings speak more than 6000 different languages. Chomsky defined his “universal grammar” as “the system of principles, conditions, and rules that are elements or properties of all human languages”. He said it could be taken to express “the essence of human language”. But he wasn’t convinced that this ‘essence of human language’ was the essence of all theoretically possible languages. When Chomsky was asked by an interviewer from Omni Magazine in 1983 whether he thought that it would be possible for humans to learn an alien language, he replied:
“Not if their language violated the principles of our universal grammar, which, given the myriad ways that languages can be organized, strikes me as highly likely…The same structures that make it possible to learn a human language make it impossible for us to learn a language that violates the principles of universal grammar. If a Martian landed from outer space and spoke a language that violated universal grammar, we simply would not be able to learn that language the way that we learn a human language like English or Swahili. We should have to approach the alien’s language slowly and laboriously — the way that scientists study physics, where it takes generation after generation of labor to gain new understanding and to make significant progress. We’re designed by nature for English, Chinese, and every other possible human language. But we’re not designed to learn perfectly usable languages that violate universal grammar. These languages would simply not be within the range of our abilities.”
If intelligent, language-using life exists on another planet, Chomsky knew, it would necessarily have arisen by a different series of evolutionary changes than the uniquely improbable path that produced human beings. A different history of climate changes, geological events, asteroid and comet impacts, random genetic mutations, and other events would have produced a different set of life forms. These would have interacted with one another in a different ways over the history of life on the planet. The “Martian” language organ, with its different and unique history, could, Chomsky surmised, be entirely different from its human counterpart, making communication monumentally difficult, if not impossible.
Convergent evolution and alien minds
The tree of life
Why did Chomsky think that the human and ‘Martian‘ language organ would likely be fundamentally different? How come he and his colleagues now hold different views? To find out, we first need to explore some basic principles of evolutionary theory.
Originally formulated by the naturalist Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, the theory of evolution is the central principle of modern biology. It is our best tool for predicting what life might be like on other planets. The theory maintains that living species evolved from previous species. It asserts that all life on Earth is descended from an initial Earthly life form that lived more than 3.8 billion years ago.
You can think of these relationships as like a tree with many branches. The base of the trunk of the tree represents the first life on Earth 3.8 billion years ago. The tip of each branch represents now, and a modern species. The diverging branches connecting each branch tip with the trunk represent the evolutionary history of each species. Each branch point in the tree is where two species diverged from a common ancestor.
Evolution, brains, and contingency
To understand Chomsky’s thinking, we’ll start with a familiar group of animals; the vertebrates, or animals with backbones. This group includes fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, including humans.
We’ll compare the vertebrates with a less familiar, and distantly related group; the cephalopod molluscs. This group includes octopuses, squids, and cuttlefish. These two groups have been evolving along separate evolutionary paths-different branches of our tree-for more than 600 million years. I’ve chosen them because, as they’ve traveled along their separate branch of our evolutionary tree, each has evolved it own sort of complex brains and complex sense organs.
The brains of all vertebrates have the same basic plan. This is because they all evolved from a common ancestor that already had a brain with that basic plan. The octopus’s brain, by contrast, has an utterly different organization. This is because the common ancestor of cephalopods and vertebrates lies much further back in evolutionary time, on a lower branch of our tree. It probably had only the simplest of brains, if any at all.
With no common plan to inherit, the two kinds of brains evolved independently of one another. They are different because evolutionary change is contingent. That is, it involves varying combinations of influences, including chance. Those contingent influences were different along the path that produced cephalopod brains, than along the one that led to vertebrate brains.
Chomsky believed that many languages might be theoretically possible that violated the seemingly arbitrary constraints of human universal grammar. There didn’t seem to be anything that made our actual universal grammar something special. So, because of the contingent nature of evolution, Chomsky assumed that the ‘Martian’ language organ would arrive at one of these other possibilities, making it fundamentally different from its human counterpart.
This sort of evolution-based pessimism about the likelihood that humans and aliens could communicate is widespread. At the symposium, Dr. Gonzalo Munévar of Lawrence Technological University argued that intelligent creatures that evolved sensory systems and cognitive structures different from ours would not develop similar scientific theories or even similar mathematics.
Evolution, eyes, and convergence
Now lets consider another feature of the octopus and other cephalopods; their eyes. Surprisingly, the eyes of octopuses resemble those of vertebrates in intricate detail. This uncanny resemblance can’t be explained in the same way as the general resemblance of vertebrate brains to one another. It’s almost certainly not due to inheritance of the traits from a common ancestor. It’s true that some of the genes involved in the building of eyes are the same in most animals, appearing far down towards the trunk of our evolutionary tree. But, biologists are almost certain that the common ancestor of cephalopods and vertebrates was much too simple to have any eyes at all.
Biologists think eyes evolved separately more than forty times on Earth, each on its own branch of the evolutionary tree. There are many different kinds of eyes. Some are so strangely different from our own that even a science fiction writer would be surprised by them. So, if evolutionary change is contingent, why do octopus eyes bear a striking and detailed similarity to our own? The answer lies outside of evolutionary theory, with the laws of optics. Many large animals, like the octopus, need acute vision. There is only one good way, under the laws of optics, to make an eye that meets the needed requirements. Whenever such an eye is needed, evolution finds this same best solution. This phenomenon is called convergent evolution.
Life on another planet would have its own separate evolutionary tree, with the base of the trunk representing the appearance of life on that planet. Because of the contingency of evolutionary change, the pattern of branches might be quite different from our Earthly evolutionary tree. But because the laws of optics are the same everywhere in the universe, we can expect that large animals under similar conditions will evolve an eye that looks a lot like that of a vertebrate or a cephalopod. Convergent evolution is potentially a universal phenomenon.
The eye of a fish (left), which is an aquatic vertebrate, and that of a cephalopod mollusc like the octopus (right) are almost identical, but the two evolved independently. Their remarkable similarity is due to convergent evolution. The common ancestor of fishes and cephalopods did not have a well developed eye, nor do some molluscs that are not cephalopods. This sort of eye is called a camera eye, because its layout is similar to a camera with the lens at the front, and the light sensing retina at the back (Credit: Jerry Crimson Mann public domain, evolution diagram is by the author).
Not just for humans anymore?
Taking apart the language organ
Jeffrey Punske, Assistant Professor of Linguistics, Southern Illinois University
By the beginning of the twenty-first century, Chomsky and some of his colleagues started to look at the language organ and universal grammar in a new way. This new view made it seem like the properties of universal grammar were inevitable, much as the laws of optics made many features of the octopus’s eye inevitable.
In a 2002 review, Chomsky and his colleagues Marc Hauser and Tecumseh Fitch argued that the language organ can be decomposed into a number of distinct parts. The sensory-motor, or externalization, system is involved in the mechanics of expressing language through methods like vocal speech, writing, typing, or sign language. The conceptual-intentional system relates language to concepts.
Bridget Samuels, Postdoctoral fellow, Department of Linguistics, University of Maryland at College Park
The core of the system, the trio proposed, consists of what they called the narrow faculty of language. It is a system for applying the rules of language recursively, over and over, thereby allowing the construction of an almost endless range of meaningful utterances. Jeffrey Punske and Bridget Samuels similarly spoke of a ‘syntactic spine’ of all human languages. Syntax is the set of rules that govern the grammatical structure of sentences.
The inevitability of universal grammar
Chomsky and his colleagues made a careful analysis of what computations a nervous system might need to perform in order to make this recursion possible. As an abstract description of how the narrow faculty works, the researchers turned to a mathematical model called the Turing machine. The mathematician Alan Turing developed this model early in the twentieth century. This theoretical ‘machine’ led to the development of electronic computers.
Their analysis led to a striking and unexpected conclusion. In a book chapter currently in press, Watumull and Chomsky write that “Recent work demonstrating the simplicity and optimality of language increases the cogency of a conjecture that at one time would have been summarily dismissed as absurd: the basic principles of language are drawn from the domain of (virtual) conceptual necessity”. Jeffery Watumull wrote that this strong minimalist thesis posits that “there exist constraints in the structure of the universe itself such that systems cannot but conform”. Our universal grammar is something special, and not just one among many theoretical possibilities.
Ian Roberts, Professor of Linguistics, Faculty of Medieval and Modern Languages, Cambridge University
Plato and the strong minimalist thesis
The constraints of mathematical and computational necessity shape the narrow faculty to be as it is, just like the laws of optics shape both the vertebrate and the octopus eye. ‘Martian’ languages, then, might follow the same universal grammar as human languages because there is only one best way to make the recursive core of the language organ.
Through the process of convergent evolution, nature would be compelled to find this one best way wherever and whenever in the universe that language evolves. Watumull supposed that the brain mechanisms of arithmetic might reflect a similarly inevitable convergence. That would mean that the basics of arithmetic would also be the same for humans and aliens. We must, Watumull and Chomsky wrote “rethink any presumptions that extraterrestrial intelligence or artificial intelligence would really be all that different from human intelligence”.
This is the striking conclusion that Watumull, and in a complementary way, Punske and Samuels presented at the symposium. Universal grammar may actually be universal, after all. Watumull compared this thesis to a modern, computer age version of the beliefs of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, who maintained that mathematical and logical relationships are real things that exist in the world apart from us, and are merely discovered by the human mind. As a novel contribution to a difficult ages-old philosophical problem, these new ideas are sure to stir controversy. They illustrate the depth of new knowledge that awaits us as we reach out to other worlds and other minds.
The ancient Greek philosopher Plato as imagined by the Renaissance painter Raphael. Plato maintained that mathematical and logical truths existed objectively, apart from our mind and were merely discovered by humans. Jeffery Watumull, Ian Roberts, and Noam Chomsky’s view of the narrow faculty of language are a modern day version of Plato’s views, in which necessary mathematical, logical, and computational relationships determine the structure of the language faculty, and universal grammar. Since the same necessary relationships would influence the evolution of the language faculty of aliens, alien languages, they contend, are likely to have the same universal grammar as human languages.
Universal grammar and messages for aliens
What are the consequences of this new way of thinking about the structure of language for practical attempts to create interstellar messages? Watumull thinks the new thinking is a challenge to “the pessimistic relativism of those who think it overwhelmingly likely that terrestrial (i.e. human) intelligence and extraterrestrial intelligence would be (perhaps in principle) mutually unintelligible”. Punske and Samuels agree, and think that “math and physics likely represent the best bet for common concepts that could be used as a starting point”.
Watumull supposes that while the minds of aliens or artificial intelligences may be qualitatively similar to ours, they may differ quantitatively in having bigger memories, or the ability to think much faster than us. He is confident that an alien language would likely include nouns, verbs, and clauses. That means they could probably understand an artificial message containing such things. Such a message, he thinks, might also profitably include the structure and syntax of natural human languages, because this would likely be shared by alien languages.
Punske and Samuels seem more cautious. They note that “There are some linguists who don’t believe nouns and verbs are universal human language categories”. Still, they suspect that “alien languages would be built of discrete meaningful units that can combine into larger meaningful units”. Human speech consists of a linear sequence of words, but, Punske and Samuels note that “Some of the linearity imposed on human language may be due to the constraints of our vocal anatomy, and already starts to break down when we think about signed languages”.
Overall, the findings foster new hope that devising a message comprehensible to extraterrestrials is feasible. In the next installment, we will look at a new example of such a message. It was transmitted in 2017 towards a star 12 light years from our sun.
References and further reading
Allman J. (2000) Evolving Brains, Scientific American Library
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Interdimensional beings, Aliens From “Dimensions” That Coexist Alongside Our Own?
Interdimensional beings, Aliens From “Dimensions” That Coexist Alongside Our Own?
The definition for interdimensional beings or interdimensional intelligence is usually described as a theoretical or ‘real’ entity that exists in a dimension beyond our own.
Despite the fact that such beings are believed to exist only in science fiction, fantasy and the supernatural, there are numerous Ufologists who refer to them as real beings.
The Interdimensional Hypothesis
The interdimensional hypothesis was proposed by a number of Ufologists like Jacques Vallée who suggests that unidentified flying objects (UFOs) and related events (such as alien sightings) imply visits from beings from other “realities” or “dimensions” that coexist separately with ours. Some have referred to these beings as visitors from another universe.
In other words, Vallée and other authors suggest that aliens are real but exist not in our dimension, but in another reality, that coexists with our own.
This theory is an alternative to the extraterrestrial hypothesis which suggests that aliens are advanced spacefaring beings that exist in our universe.
The interdimensional hypothesis argues that UFOs are a modern manifestation of a phenomenon that has occurred throughout recorded human history, which in earlier times was attributed to mythological or supernatural creatures—Ancient Astronaut theory.
What if Aliens are travelers from another dimension? Does that mean we are alone in the universe after all?
Image Credit: Shutterstock.
But despite the fact that modern Ufologists and millions of people around the globe believe we are not alone in this universe, many ufologists and paranormal researchers have embraced the interdimensional Hypothesis, suggesting that it explains the Alien theory in a much smoother way.
Paranormal investigator Brad Steiger wrote that “we are dealing with a multidimensional paraphysical phenomenon that is largely originating from planet Earth.”
Other ufologists, such as John Ankerberg and John Weldon, who also favor the interdimensional hypothesis argue that UFO sightings fit in the spiritualist phenomenon.
Commenting on the disparity between the Extraterrestrial hypothesis and the reports that people have made of UFO encounters, Ankerberg and Weldon wrote that “the UFO phenomenon simply does not behave like extraterrestrial visitors.”
This Interdimensional Hypothesis took a step further in the book UFOs: Operation Trojan Horse published in 1970, where author John Keel linked UFOs to supernatural concepts such as ghosts and demons.
Some advocates of the extraterrestrial theory have embraced some of the ideas set forth by the Interdimensional Hypothesisbecause it does a better job explaining how ‘aliens’ could travel in space across vast distances.
The distance between the stars makes interstellar travel impractical using conventional means and since no one has demonstrated an antigravity engine or any other machine that would allow a traveler to move across the cosmos at speed faster than light, the Interdimensional Hypothesis makes much more sense.
Are aliens, in fact, interdimensional travelers?
Image Credit: Shutterstock.
According to this theory, is not necessary to use any method of propulsion because it maintains that UFOs are not spacecraft, but devices that travel between different realities. However, they still need to get from one reality to the other, right?
One of the benefits of the Interdimensional Hypothesis according to Hilary Evans—a British pictorial archivist, author, and researcher into UFOs and other paranormal phenomena—is that it can explain the apparent ability of UFOs to appear and disappear, not only from sight but from radar; as the interdimensional UFO’s can enter and leave our dimension at will, meaning they have the ability to materialize and dematerialize.
On the other hand, Evans argues that if the other dimension is slightly more advanced than ours, or is perhaps our own future, this would explain the tendency of UFOs to represent technologies close to the future.
Declassified FBI document—beings from other dimensions exist
While all of the above may sound like something coming from a sci-fi movie, there is a peculiar declassified top-secret document in the FBI archives which speaks of interdimensional beings, and how their ‘spacecraft’ have the ability to materialize and dematerialize in our own dimension.
Here is a transcript of some of the most important details of the report:
Part of the disks carry crews; others are under remote control
Their mission is peaceful. The visitors contemplate settling on this plane
These visitors are human-like but much larger in size
They are not excarnate Earth people but come from their own world
They do NOT come from a planet as we use the word, but from an etheric planet which interpenetrates with our own and is not perceptible to us
The bodies of the visitors, and the craft, automatically materialize on entering the vibratory rate of our dense matter
The disks possess a type of radiant energy or a ray, which will easily disintegrate any attacking ship. They reenter the etheric at will, and so simply disappear from our vision, without trace
The region from which they come is not the “astral plane,” but corresponds to the Lokas or Talas. Students of osoteric matters will understand these terms.
They probably cannot be reached by radio, but probably can be by radar. if a signal system can be devised for that (apparatus)
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