GOOGLE SAYS IT'S CLOSING IN ON HUMAN-LEVEL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

"THE GAME IS OVER!"

Too Smart

Artificial intelligence researchers are doubling down on the concept that we will see artificial general intelligence (AGI) — that's AI that can accomplish anything humans can, and probably many we can't — within our lifetimes.

Responding to a pessimistic op-ed published by TheNextWeb columnist Tristan Greene, Google DeepMind lead researcher Dr. Nando de Freitas boldly declared that "the game is over" and that as we scale AI, so too will we approach AGI.

Nerd Fight

Greene's original column made the relatively mainstream case that, in spite of impressive advances in machine learning over the past few decades, there's no way we're gonna see human-level artificial intelligence within our lifetimes.

But it appears that de Freitas, like OpenAI Chief Scientist Ilya Sutskever, believes otherwise.

"Solving these scaling challenges is what will deliver AGI," the DeepMind researcher tweeted, later adding that Sutskever "is right" to claim, quite controversially, that some neural networks may already by "slightly conscious."

DeepMind itself hasn't gone so far as to declare its new Gato multi-modal AI system capable of AGI, but given what one of its lead researchers is saying, it seems only a matter of time before Google declares that it's going to be the first to achieve it.

READ MORE: 

• DeepMind researcher claims new ‘Gato’ AI could lead to AGI, says ‘the game is over!’ [TheNextWeb]

More on AGI: 

• Elon Musk Says Tesla Robots Could Achieve AGI

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://futurism.com/the-byte }

25-09-2022 om 00:43 geschreven door peter  

'Game-changing' new battery for electric cars charges in 3 minutes and lasts for 20 YEARS - more than twice as long as current EV batteries

• Researchers at Harvard have created a battery that's inspired by a BLT sandwich
• They say the lithium-metal battery can be charged and discharged 10,000 times 
• Startup in Massachusetts has been given a licence to build the battery at scale

By JONATHAN CHADWICK FOR MAILONLINE 

A 'game-changing' new battery for electric vehicles (EVs) that charges in three minutes and lasts for 20 years could soon be coming to new cars.

Adden Energy, a start-up based in Waltham, Massachusetts, has been granted a licence and $5.15 million in funding to build the battery design at scale to fit in EVs. 

The battery, developed by Harvard scientists, is lithium metal, rather than lithium ion found in EVs that are already on the market. 

Its intricate design, inspired by a BLT sandwich, prevents the growth of troublesome 'dendrites' that grow in lithium-metal batteries and shorten their lifespan.

Harvard has granted an exclusive license to Adden Energy to develop the solid-state, lithium-metal battery. The startup aims to scale the battery up to a palm-sized 'pouch cell' - which has components enclosed in an aluminum-coated film (pictured)

Long-lasting, quick-charging batteries are essential to the expansion of the EV market, but today's lithium-ion batteries fall short, because they're too heavy and expensive and take too long to charge (file photo)

Currently, EVs contain lithium-ion batteries that degrade over time and last up to seven or eight years, depending on how much they're used – much like a smartphone battery. 

These lithium-ion batteries can be replaced, but they can cost thousands of pounds, meaning drivers are often better off buying a whole new EV. 

But this new solid-state, lithium-metal battery can increase the lifetime of EVs to a comparable length to petrol and diesel cars – up to 20 years – without the need to ever replace the battery during this time. 

In the lab, the team's battery prototype has achieved battery charge rates as fast as three minutes with over 10,000 cycles in a lifetime. 

The new technology has been created by Xin Li and colleagues at Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science (SEAS).

Adden Energy was co-founded in 2021 by Li, along with William Fitzhugh and Luhan Ye, both of whom contributed to the development of the technology as graduate students in Li’s Harvard lab.

The startup aims to scale the battery up to a palm-sized 'pouch cell' – which has components enclosed in an aluminium-coated film – and then toward a full-scale vehicle battery in the next three to five years. 

'We have achieved in the lab 5,000 to 10,000 charge cycles in a battery's lifetime, compared with 2,000 to 3,000 charging cycles for even the best in class now, and we don’t see any fundamental limit to scaling up our battery technology,' said Li. 'That could be a game changer.' 

Lithium-metal batteries hold substantially more energy in the same volume and charge in a fraction of the time compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries.

But they're prone to the formation of 'dendrites' – tiny, rigid tree-like structures that speed up battery failure. 

Researchers have therefore tried to harness the potential of solid-state, lithium-metal batteries, using a unique BLT-inspired design. 

A lithium-metal battery uses lithium in its pure metallic form, rather than lithium compounds used in lithium-ion batteries. 

Meanwhile, 'solid-state' just refers to the use of solid electrodes and a solid electrolyte, instead of the liquid or polymer gel electrolytes found in lithium-ion. 

'If you want to electrify vehicles, a solid-state battery is the way to go,' said Li, who is a scientific adviser to Adden Energy. 

'We set out to commercialise this technology because we do see our technology as unique compared to other solid-state batteries.' 

Batteries have three main components – the anode, cathode and electrolyte.

The electrolyte (typically a chemical) separates the anode and cathode and moves the flow of electrical charge between the two.  

Lithium-ion batteries move lithium ions from the cathode to the anode during charging. 

But when the anode is made of lithium metal, needle-like structures called dendrites form on the surface. 

These structures grow like roots into the electrolyte and pierce the barrier separating the anode and cathode, causing the battery potentially catch fire. 

Lithium ion batteries contain two electrodes - one made from lithium (cathode) and one from carbon (anode) - submerged in a liquid or paste called an electrolyte. When the battery is charged, electrons that were attached to the ions flow through a circuit, powering a device

To overcome this challenge, Li and his team designed a multi-layer battery that sandwiches different materials of varying stabilities between the anode and cathode. 

As previously described in Nature, the design prevents the penetration of lithium dendrites by controlling and containing them.

The battery is layered like so – first comes the bread (the lithium metal anode) followed by lettuce (a coating of graphite). 

Next, a layer of tomatoes (the first electrolyte) and a layer of bacon (the second electrolyte) and finally another layer of tomatoes and the last piece of bread (the cathode). 

The first electrolyte is more stable with lithium but prone to dendrite penetration, while the second electrolyte is less stable with lithium but appears immune to dendrites. 

In this design, dendrites are allowed to grow through the graphite and first electrolyte but are stopped when they reach the second. 

In other words, the dendrites grow through the lettuce and tomato but stop at the bacon. The bacon barrier stops the dendrites from pushing through and short-circuiting the battery.

The battery is also self-healing – meaning its chemistry allows it to backfill holes created by dendrites.

'Typically, lithium-metal anodes in other solid-state designs develop dendrites, twig-like growths that can gradually penetrate through the electrolyte to the cathode,' said Ye, who is now CTO of Adden Energy. 

'We defeat the growth of dendrites before they can cause damage, by novel structural and material designs. 

'As a result, the device can sustain its high performance over a long lifetime. Our recent study shows that this nice feature can also be maintained at scale-up.' 

Researchers also stress the importance of being able to help speed up the adoption of eco-friendly EVs in light of the climate crisis. 

EVs are generally seen as more eco-friendly than gasoline-powered vehicles, known for their planet-warming emissions. 

'Complete electrification of the vehicle fleet is one of the most meaningful steps we can take to fight climate change,' said Fitzhugh, CEO of Adden Energy. 

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

17-09-2022 om 01:22 geschreven door peter  

Nieuwe batterij voor elektrische wagens laadt op in 3 minuten en heeft levensduur van 20 jaar: “Dit kan gamechanger zijn”

Een batterij die in amper drie minuten is opgeladen en die ook nog eens twintig jaar meegaat. Welke eigenaar van een elektrische wagen zou daar niet voor staan springen? Het zou over een paar jaar zomaar kunnen. Onderzoekers van de universiteit van Harvard ontwikkelden de technologie daarvoor en de start-up uit Massachusetts heeft nu de licentie beet om ze ook te produceren. Een van hen spreekt van een “mogelijke gamechanger”.

Bron: Daily Mail

De technologie is ontwikkeld door Xin Li en zijn collega’s van de Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science (SEAS). Li richtte in 2021 samen met William Fitzhugh en Luhan Ye - twee studenten die de batterij mee hielpen ontwikkelen - Adden Energy op, een start-up gevestigd in Waltham in Massachusetts. Hun bedrijf kreeg de licentie én ook nog eens 5,15 miljoen dollar om de batterij op schaal te bouwen voor elektrische wagens. Binnen drie tot vijf jaar willen ze dat voor mekaar krijgen.

De batterij die de onderzoekers van Harvard ontwikkelden is een lithium-metaalbatterij en geen lithium-ion-batterij die je vandaag in de bestaande elektrische wagens terugvindt. Lithium-metaalbatterijen kunnen aanzienlijk meer energie opslaan in hetzelfde volume en laden in een fractie van de tijd op in vergelijking met traditionele lithium-ionbatterijen. Het prototype van de nieuwe batterij presteerde erg goed in het laboratorium. Het haalde oplaadsnelheden van amper drie minuten met meer dan 10.000 cycli voor het op was. “We hebben in het laboratorium 5.000 tot 10.000 laadcycli in de levensduur van een batterij bereikt, vergeleken met 2.000 tot 3.000 laadcycli voor zelfs de beste in zijn klasse nu”, aldus Li. “En we zien geen fundamentele limiet voor het opschalen van onze batterijtechnologie. Dit zou een gamechanger kunnen zijn.”

Het ontwerp van de batterij is geïnspireerd door wat de Amerikanen een “BLT sandwich” noemen. Dat zijn twee sneden brood met daartussen als beleg: spek (bacon), sla (lettuce) en tomaat (tomato). Vertaald naar de batterij: de onderste boterham is de lithium-metaal-anode, de sla is grafiet, de laag tomaten is de eerste elektrolyt, de laag spek is de tweede elektrolyt en de bovenste boterham is de kathode. Die ingewikkelde structuur moet voorkomen dat de levensduur van de batterij verkort wordt door zogenaamde ‘dendrieten’. Dat zijn kleine, harde boomvormige structuren, waarvoor lithium-metaalbatterijen gevoelig zijn en die de werking ervan verstoren.

De huidige lithium-ion-batterijen in elektrische wagens worden minder performant na verloop van tijd en gaan maximaal zeven tot acht jaar mee. De batterij dan vervangen door een nieuwe kost zo veel, dat bestuurders vaak al beter een nieuw elektrisch voertuig zouden kopen. De nieuwe lithium-metaalbatterij kan de levensduur van elektrische wagens verlengen tot zo’n 20 jaar - vergelijkbaar met de levensduur van benzine- en dieselauto’s. De batterij moet al die tijd niet worden vervangen. Dit zou een wereld van verschil kunnen maken.

{ https://www.hln.be/ }

17-09-2022 om 00:58 geschreven door peter  

Scientists Successfully Sent A Particle Back in Time Using A Quantum Computer

Time travel was fiction before Einstein, but his calculations took us into the quantum world and we were introduced to a more complex picture of time. Einstein’s equations permitted time travel into the past, as Kurt Gödel discovered. The issue? None of the hypothesized time travel systems were ever physically feasible.

So, before sending a particle back through time, Argonne National Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, and ETH Zurich scientists wondered, “Why stick to physical grounds?

Many physics laws treat the future and the past as continuous. A closed system progresses from order to disorder according to the second rule of thermodynamics (or entropy). If you scramble an egg to produce an omelet, you’ve added a lot of chaos to the closed system that was the egg.

The arrow of time is an essential consequence of the second law. A process that develops entropy, like whisking an egg, is irreversible. An omelet won’t turn back into an egg, and billiard balls won’t spontaneously reassemble a triangle. Entropy, like an arrow, goes in one direction, and we see it as time.

The second rule of thermodynamics holds us captive, but an international team of scientists sought to test it in the quantum world. Since nature cannot do such a test, scientists utilized an IBM quantum computer.

Ordinary computers, such as the one you’re reading this on, work with bits of data. A bit is either a 1 or a 0. A qubit is a fundamental unit of information used by quantum computers. A qubit may be both a 1 and a 0, allowing the system to process data considerably quicker.

The researchers used qubits to simulate subatomic particles in a four-step experiment. They entangled the qubits first, such that whatever occurred to one affected the others. Then they utilized microwave radio pulses to evolve the quantum computer’s initial order into a more sophisticated state.

A specific algorithm changes the quantum computer to bring order out of chaos. They’re zapped by another microwave pulse, but this time they go back to their old selves. That is, they are de-aged by a millionth of a second.

Argonne National Laboratory researcher Valerii M. Vinokur compares it to pushing against a pond’s waves to restore them to their source.

Success was not guaranteed since quantum mechanics is about probability. In a two-qubit quantum computer, however, the algorithm accomplished a time leap 85 percent of the time. With three qubits, the success rate decreased to around 50%, which the scientists blamed on flaws in current quantum computers.

The findings were just reported in Scientific Reports.

The results are exciting but don’t go buying flux capacitors just yet. This experiment also illustrates that manipulating even a simulated particle in time is difficult. Our ability to produce such an external force to influence even one quantum wave is limited.

To time-reverse even ONE quantum particle is impossible for nature alone, says research author Vinokur.  “The system comprising two particles is even more irreversible, let alone the eggs — comprising billions of particles — we break to prepare an omelette.”

A press release from the Department of Energy notes that the “timeline required for [an external force] to spontaneously appear and properly manipulate the quantum waves” to appear in nature and unscramble an egg “would extend longer than that of the universe itself.” In other words, this tech specifically binds to quantum computation.

But the study isn’t just a high-tech exercise. While the approach won’t help us build real-world time machines, it will improve quantum computation.

Einstein’s equations don’t prohibit time travel, but they make it a difficult task, as Kurt Gödel demonstrated.

A quantum computer mixing chamber

(Photo: IBM Research/Flickr)

Reference(s):

• The New York Times | For a Split Second, a Quantum Computer Made History Go Backward
• Nature.com | Arrow of time and its reversal on the IBM quantum computer

{ https://astronomy.vercel }

12-09-2022 om 23:56 geschreven door peter  

Radioactive DIAMOND battery powered by nuclear waste 'will run for 28,000 years' and could go on sale by 2023

• The nuclear battery is 'safe for humans' as it is enclosed in tamper proof material
• It works by using microscopic diamonds to move heat from radioactive isotopes
• The radioactive isotopes come from the waste products of nuclear power 
• The company stacks multiples of these microscopic cells to generate electricity 

By RYAN MORRISON FOR MAILONLINE 

A battery powered by nuclear waste could keep a spaceship or hospital operating for 28,000 years without needing to be recharged or replaced, its developers claim. 

The radioactive battery is 'completely safe' for humans, according to California-based Nano Diamond Battery (NDB), who say it will 'change the world'. 

The firm hopes to start selling the battery to commercial partners, including space agencies for long duration missions, within the next two years. 

NDB are also working on a consumer version that could run a smartphone or electric car for up to a decade without requiring a charge. 

No details on pricing have been revealed by the technology startup, who say it is still in development phase. 

A battery powered by nuclear waste could keep a spaceship or hospital operating for 28,000 years without needing to be recharged or replaced, its developers claim

The technology involves combining radioactive isotopes taken from nuclear waste with layers of panelled nano diamonds stacked in a battery cell.

Extremely good heat conductance of the microscopic diamonds acts to move heat away from the radioactive isotopes so quickly the transaction generates electricity.

It is based on a technology called diamond nuclear voltaic (DNV) presented by scientists in 2016 from the University of Bristol using waste graphite blocks.

This technology is best suited for devices that need a slow trickle of electricity, consistently over a long period of time due to low energy production.  

The NDB system is able to work in consumer products by adding layers and layers of diamonds and radioactive waste panels to increase the total energy output.

'This battery has two different merits,' NDB CEO Nima Golsharifi told Future Net Zero.

'One is that it uses nuclear waste and converts it into something good. And the second is that it runs for a much longer time than the current batteries.'

The firm has also worked to ensure the material is safe and people can't easily access the radioactive material inside the stacked power cells. 

'The DNV stacks along with the source are coated with a layer of poly-crystalline diamond, which is known for being the most thermally conductive material,' a spokesperson said.

This material 'also has the ability to contain the radiation within the device and is the hardest material,' up 12 times tougher than stainless steel. 

'This makes our product extremely tough and tamperproof.'

Use cases include having a watch with a tiny NDB battery that could be passed down from generation to generation without ever having to replace the power supply.

Diamond batteries may one day power satellites, providing them with enough spare energy to de-orbit at the end of their life, or probes heading into deep space for thousands of years. 

'The human desire to explore space is fuelled by the excitement of exploring the unknown,' NDB said on their website. 

Future devices can also be used to power a smartphone or a laptop, each containing a miniature power generator that will last as long as the device itself - with no need to ever charge, or an electric car that could run for thousands of miles without a charge

'Recent advances in space technology and the rise of the first manned electric aircrafts have led to increasing demand on their battery systems, hindered by concerns regarding longevity and safety. 

'NDB can be utilized to power drones, electric aircrafts, space rovers and stations whilst allowing for longer activity.'

Future devices can also be used to power a smartphone or a laptop, each containing a miniature power generator that will last as long as the device itself - with no need to ever charge.

'In situ medical devices and implantable such as hearing aids and pacemakers respectively can benefit from long battery life in a smaller package with added benefit of safety and longevity,' the firm added. 

WHAT ARE HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS?

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

18-08-2022 om 00:57 geschreven door peter  

We have an unquenchable energy need. When we need to run anything that cannot be plugged in, electricity will have to come from a battery, and the quest for a better battery is being launched in laboratories around the globe. Hold that thought for a moment.

Nuclear waste is radioactive waste generated by nuclear power plants that no one wants to be kept near their houses or even carried through their communities. The ugly substance is poisonous and deadly, takes thousands of years to disintegrate completely, and we continue to produce more of it.

Now, a California-based business, NDB, says it can resolve both of these issues. They claim to have built a self-powered battery made entirely of radioactive waste that has a life expectancy of 28,000 years, making it ideal for your future electric car or iPhone 1.6 x 104. 

Rather than storing energy generated elsewhere, the battery generates its own charge. It is constructed of two kinds of nano-diamonds, which makes it almost crash-proof when used in vehicles or other moving things. Additionally, the business claims that its battery is safe since it emits less radiation than the human body.

NDB has already created a proof of concept and intends to construct its first commercial prototype once its laboratories restart operations after the COVID outbreak(which should be soon).

The nuclear waste from which NDB intends to manufacture its batteries consists of reactor components that have become radioactive as a result of exposure to nuclear power plant fuel rods. 

While this is not considered high-grade nuclear waste—that would be spent fuel—it is nonetheless very poisonous, and a nuclear plant generates a lot of it. The International Atomic Energy Agency estimates that the "core of a typical graphite-moderated reactor" may contain up to 2000 tonnes of graphite. (A tonne is equal to one metric tonne, or about 2,205 pounds.)

Carbon-14 is a radioisotope found in graphite. It is the same radioisotope used by archaeologists for carbon dating. It has a half-life of 5,730 years and ultimately decays into nitrogen 14, an anti-neutrino, and a beta decay electron, the charge of which piqued NDB's curiosity as a possible source of electricity.

NDB cleanses graphite and then converts it to microscopic diamonds. The business claims that by using current technology, they've engineered their little carbon-14 diamonds to generate a large quantity of electricity. Diamonds also operate as a semiconductor, absorbing energy and dispersing it via a heat sink. 

However, since they are still radioactive, NDB encases the miniature nuclear power plants in other low-cost, non-radioactive carbon-12 diamonds. These glistening lab-created shells provide diamond-hard protection while also containing the carbon-14 diamonds' radiation.

NDA intends to manufacture batteries in a variety of common and unique sizes, including AA, AAA, 18650, and 2170. Each battery will feature many stacked diamond layers, as well as a tiny circuit board and a supercapacitor for energy collection, storage, and discharge. The ultimate result, the business claims, is a battery that will last an extremely long period.

According to NDB, a battery may live up to 28,000 years when utilized in a low-power setting, such as a satellite sensor. They predict a usable life of 90 years as a car battery, much longer than anyone vehicle would last—the business believes that one battery could theoretically power one pair of wheels after another. For consumer gadgets like phones and tablets, the firm estimates that a battery will last around nine years.

“Think of it in an iPhone,” NDB’s Neel Naicker tells New Atlas. "With the same size battery, it would charge it five times an hour from zero to full. Imagine that. Imagine a world where you wouldn’t have to charge your battery at all for the day. Now imagine for the week, for the month… How about for decades? That’s what we’re able to do with this technology.”

NDB expects commercialising a low-power version in a few of years, followed by a high-power version in roughly five years. If all goes according to plan, NDB's technology will represent a significant step forward in terms of delivering low-cost, long-term energy to the world's electronics and cars.

The company says, “We can start at the nanoscale and go up to power satellites, locomotives.”

Additionally, the business anticipates that its batteries will be comparably priced to existing batteries, including lithium-ion, and maybe much cheaper after they are produced of nuclear waste may even pay the company to take care of their poisonous issue.

The garbage of one enterprise becomes the diamonds of another.

Reference(s): 

• NDB

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://blog.sci-nature.vip/ }

18-08-2022 om 00:40 geschreven door peter  

US Space Force tests robot dogs to patrol Cape Canaveral

08-08-2022 om 21:33 geschreven door peter  

 Ameya Paleja

The discovery of stem cells and their ability to take the form of any cell type in the body has opened many doors in the field of medicine. From curing baldness to curing HIV, stem cells can be used everywhere.

However, sourcing stem cells has raised major ethical concerns. Found abundantly in the embryonic stages of cell growth, harvesting these cells requires the embryo to be destroyed before it is implanted in the female womb. So, researchers have been looking for an alternative way to source them and have even been successful in their search.

Making stem cells more "naive"

Studies have shown that stem cells are also present in small numbers in organs like the skin, which constantly undergoes renewal throughout our life. The process requires cells of different types, and that's where the multi-potency of stem cells comes in handy.

Jacob Hanna, a professor at the Molecular Genetics Department at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, however, developed a method that would take back such stem cells to a previous step, where they are more "naive". In a previous study, Hanna and his team demonstrated that their technology could make human stem cells so "naive" that they could even be injected into mice, where they would function as if they were mice's own.

In separate work, Hanna's team also developed a special incubator that has all the necessary conditions for the growth of an embryo. In 2021, a group of researchers grew 250 mouse embryos into fetuses with fully formed organs inside this artificial womb. What Hanna and his team wanted to know was if the incubator could also grow embryos that were sourced from stem cells.

Embryos from stem cells

The researchers then used naive stem cells that had been cultured for years in a petri dish in the lab. Before placing them into the special incubator, these cells were divided into three groups. While one was left untreated to grow into embryonic stem cells, the other two were pretreated for a period of 48 hours to express genes that were master regulators of either the placenta or yolk sac.

The cells were once again mixed together in the incubator and allowed to grow. While most failed to develop properly, 0.5 percent, or 50 of 10,000 cells, went on to become spheres, which then took the elongated form of embryos.

The researchers had labeled each group of cells differently, so they could the growth of the placenta and yolk sac outside the embryo. At day 8.5, nearly half of the normal gestation of 20 days in mice, these embryos displayed early organs such as the beating heart, blood stem cell circulation, a brain with well-shaped folds, a neural tube,, and an intestinal tract, a university press release said.

This is the first instance of a research group using stem cells to make advanced embryos, Hanna told the Times of Israel. "Our next challenge is to understand how stem cells know what to do – how they self-assemble into organs and find their way to their assigned spots inside an embryo."

Apart from helping reduce the use of animals in stem cell research, the techniques developed in his lab could one day also help become a reliable source of cells, tissues, and organs for transplantation.

The findings of the study were published in the journal Cell.

Abstract

In vitro cultured stem cells with distinct developmental capacities can contribute to embryonic or extra-embryonic tissues after microinjection into pre-implantation mammalian embryos. However, whether cultured stem cells can independently give rise to entire gastrulating embryo-like structures with embryonic and extra-embryonic compartments, remains unknown. Here we adapt a recently established platform for prolonged ex utero growth of natural embryos, to generate mouse post-gastrulation synthetic whole embryo models (sEmbryos), with both embryonic and extra-embryonic compartments, starting solely from naïve ESCs. This was achieved by co-aggregating non-transduced ESCs, with naïve ESCs transiently expressing Cdx2- and Gata4- to promote their priming towards trophectoderm and primitive endoderm lineages, respectively. sEmbryos adequately accomplish gastrulation, advance through key developmental milestones, and develop organ progenitors within complex extra-embryonic compartments similar to E8.5 stage mouse embryos. Our findings highlight the plastic potential of naïve pluripotent cells to self-organize and functionally reconstitute and model the entire mammalian embryo beyond gastrulation.

{ https://interestingengineering.com/ }

03-08-2022 om 23:36 geschreven door peter  

Artificial intelligence has mapped out every protein known to science

Nina Massey

Artificial intelligence has mapped out the shape of virtually every protein known to science.

The breakthrough will help to tackle major global challenges such as developing malaria vaccines and fighting plastic pollution, experts say.

Proteins are the building blocks of life, and their shape is closely linked to their function.

Being able to predict a protein’s structure gives scientists a better understanding of what it does and how it works.

The research was conducted by DeepMind and EMBL’s European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), which used the AlphaFold AI system to predict a protein’s 3D structure.

The AlphaFold Protein Structure Database – which is freely available to the scientific community – has been expanded from nearly one million protein structures to more than 200 million structures, covering almost every organism on Earth that has had its genome sequenced.

The expansion includes predicted shapes for the widest possible range of species, including plants, bacteria, animals, and other organisms, opening up new avenues of research across the life sciences.

Demis Hassabis, founder and CEO of DeepMind, said: ‘We’ve been amazed by the rate at which AlphaFold has already become an essential tool for hundreds of thousands of scientists in labs and universities across the world.

‘From fighting disease to tackling plastic pollution, AlphaFold has already enabled incredible impact on some of our biggest global challenges.

‘Our hope is that this expanded database will aid countless more scientists in their important work and open up completely new avenues of scientific discovery.’

In December 2020, AlphaFold was recognised as a solution to the 50-year-old grand challenge of protein structure prediction by the organisers of the Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction (Casp).

At the time, it demonstrated that it could accurately predict the shape of a protein, at scale and in minutes, to atomic accuracy.

The database works like an internet search for protein structures by providing instant access to predicted models.

This cuts down the time it takes for scientists to learn more about the likely shapes of the proteins they are researching, speeding up experimental work.

Earlier predictions have already helped scientists in their quest to create an effective malaria vaccine.

Scientists at the University of Oxford and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases have been researching a protein called Pfs48/45, which is one of the most promising candidates for inclusion in a transmission-blocking malaria vaccine.

Existing technology alone did not allow them to fully understand the structure of the protein in order to see where the most effective transmission-blocking antibodies bind across its surface.

Matthew Higgins, professor of Molecular Parasitology and co-author of that study, said: ‘By combining AlphaFold models with our experimental information from crystallography, we could reveal the structure of Pfs48/45, understand its dynamics and show where transmission-blocking antibodies bind.

‘This insight will now be used to design improved vaccines which induce the most potent transmission-blocking antibodies.’

DeepMind and EMBL-EBI said they will continue to refresh the database periodically, with the aim of improving features and functionality.

MORE : 

• Letting artificial intelligence into farming could open world’s food supply to hackers, study says

MORE : 

• Japanese researchers plan on building artificial-gravity buildings on the moon

{ https://metro.co.uk/ }

01-08-2022 om 01:42 geschreven door peter  

DALL-E AI, developed by OpenAI, is a new system that can produce full images when fed natural language descriptions and TikToker Robot Overlords simply asked it to 'show the last selfie ever taken.' 

It produced chilling scenes of bombs dropping and catastrophic weather, along with cities burning and even zombies. Each image shows a person holding a phone in front of their face and behind them is the world coming to an end, reports Dailymail.

Asking an AI to show the last selfie ever taken 

Here are a few more eerie images.

Asking an AI to show the last selfie ever taken in the apocalypse 

Asking AI how it will take over the world 

Asking an AI how the End of the universe will look like 

Credit images: Robot Overlords.

• Watch Robot Overlords video and learn more about DALL-E-AI here. 

• See more weird videos of Robot Overlords at his TikTok page here.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

30-07-2022 om 18:36 geschreven door peter  

Researchers Turn Dead Spiders Into 'Necrobotic' Grippers

See how engineers at Rice University transformed wolf spiders into necrobots.

 Amanda Kooser

Researchers inserted a needle into a dead spider to operate its legs like a gripper.

Video screenshot by Amanda Kooser/CNET

{ https://www.cnet.com/ }

27-07-2022 om 23:34 geschreven door peter  

From the robo-surgeon that killed its patient to the driverless car that ran over a pedestrian: Worst robotic accidents in history - after chess robot breaks seven-year-old boy's finger in Russia

• Shocking footage emerged of a chess-playing robot breaking a child's finger during a chess match in Russia

• A spokesperson from Russian Chess Federation said the boy violated 'safety rules' by making a move too soon

• But other incidents involving robots and humans in the past have had more tragic outcomes

• MailOnline delves into the worst robotic accidents in history including a robo-surgeon that killed its patient 

• WARNING: GRAPHIC CONTENT 

By JONATHAN CHADWICK  and FIONA JACKSON FOR MAILONLINE

Shocking footage emerged at the weekend of a chess-playing robot breaking a child's finger during a match in Russia.

The robot grabbed the seven-year-old boy's finger at the Moscow Open last week because it was confused by his overly-quick movements, Russian media outlets reported. 

Sergey Lazarev, vice-president of the Russian Chess Federation, said the child had violated 'certain safety rules' by making a move too soon. 

Lazarev said that the machine had been hired for many previous events without any problems, and that the incident was an 'extremely rare case'. 

Christopher Atkeson, a robotics expert at Carnegie Mellon University, told MailOnline: 'Robots have limited sensing and thus limited awareness of what is going on around them.

'I suspect the chess robot did not have ears, and that its vision system was blind to anything other than chess boards and pieces.' 

Although the young chess player only suffered a broken finger, in other accidents involving robots the injured party has not always been as lucky. 

MailOnline has taken a look at some of the disastrous robotic failures, from the robo-surgeon that killed its patient to the driverless car that hit a pedestrian. 

A chess-playing robot (pictured) broke a child's finger during an international tournament in Moscow last week, with the incident being captured in CCTV footage 

CHINESE WORKER SKEWERED - WARNING: GRAPHIC CONTENT

One of the most gruesome robo-accidents involved a 49-year-old Chinese factory worker, known as Zhou, back in December 2018. 

Zhou was hit by a rogue robot that collapsed suddenly, impaling him with 10 sharp steel rods in the arm and chest, each one foot long. 

The spikes, which were part of the robotic arm, speared through the worker's body when the robot collapsed during a night shift.

Four of them were stuck in his right arm, one in his right shoulder, one in his chest and four in his right forearm, reported People's Daily Online at the time. 

Miraculously, Zhou survived after surgeons removed the rods from his body and was in stable condition, according to the Xiangya Hospital in Changsha. 

Mr Zhou (pictured), 49, was hit by part of a robot that collapsed in China. Four of them were stuck in his right arm, one in his right shoulder, one in his chest and four in his right forearm

SELF-DRIVING FATALITY 

In March 2018, Elaine Herzberg was fatally struck by a prototype self-driving car from ridesharing firm Uber.

Herzberg, 49, was pushing a bicycle across a four-lane road in Tempe, Arizona, when she was struck by the vehicle, which was operating in self-drive mode with a human safety backup driver sitting in the driving seat. 

The Uber engineer in the vehicle, Rafaela Vasquez, was watching videos on her phone, according to reports at the time. 

Herzberg was taken to the local hospital where she died of her injuries – marking the first recorded case of a pedestrian fatality involving a self-driving car. 

This photo from video from a mounted camera provided by the Tempe Police Department shows an interior view moments before the Uber vehicle hit a woman in Tempe, Arizona, in March 2018

Vasquez was later charged with negligent homicide, while Uber was found not criminally responsible for the accident. 

The ridesharing giant had been testing self-driving vehicles in four North American cities – Tempe, San Francisco, Pittsburgh and Toronto – but these tests were suspended following the accident.

In 2020, Uber sold off its self-driving car division, spelling an end to its attempts to develop autonomous driving systems. 

BOTCHED ROBO-SURGERY 

In February 2015, father-of-three and retired music teacher Stephen Pettitt underwent robotic surgery for Mitral valve disease at the Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne.

The operation was conducted by surgeon Sukumaran Nair using the Da Vinci surgical robot, which consists of a surgeon's console and interactive robotic arms controlled from the console. 

Details of the botched six-hour procedure include the surgical team, Mr Nair and assisting surgeon Thasee Pillay, shouting at one another.

The operation using the Da Vinci robot (file image) was the first of its kind conducted in the UK

Communication was difficult because of the 'tinny' sound quality coming from the robot console being operated by Nair, it was revealed.

The machine also knocked a theatre nurse and destroyed the patient's stitches, Newcastle Coroner's Court later heard. 

Mr Nair, who trained in India and London and previously worked at Papworth Hospital in Cambridgeshire, said he now works in Scotland and no longer does robotic surgery. 

Sadly, Mr Pettitt had a 98 to 99 per cent chance of living had the operation not been carried out using a robot.

VW WORKER CRUSHED

In June 2015, a 22-year-old man was killed by a robotic arm at a Volkswagen plant in Baunatal, Germany. 

The robotic arm intended to lift machine parts but reportedly grabbed him and crushed him against a large metal plate. 

The man suffered severe injuries to his chest in the incident and resuscitated at the scene, but died from his injuries in hospital. 

A Volkswagen spokesman said initial conclusions indicated human error was to blame rather than a malfunction with the robot, which can be programmed to perform various tasks in the assembly process. 

In June 2015, a 22-year-old man was killed by a robotic arm at a Volkswagen plant in Baunatal, Germany. The robotic arm intended to lift machine parts but reportedly grabbed him and crushed him against a large metal plate

JAPAN'S FIRST ROBO-CASUALTY  

In July 1981, Japanese maintenance worker Kenji Urada died while checking a malfunctioning hydraulic robot at the Kawasaki Heavy Industries plant in Akashi.

Urada, 37, had jumped over a safety barrier that was designed to shut down power to the machine when open, but he reportedly started the robot accidentally.

He was pinned by the robot's arm against another machine before tragically being crushed to death. 

Other workers in the factory were unable to stop the machine as they didn't know how to operate it.

Urada was the first human killed by a robot in Japan – but not the first in the world. 

THE FIRST ROBOT DEATH 

The first person to be killed by a robot was Robert Williams, an American factory worker, in Flat Rock, Michigan back in January 1979.  

Williams, 25, was killed instantly when he was struck in the head by an industrial robot arm designed to retrieve objects from storage shelves. 

The first person to be killed by a robot was Robert Williams while working at the Ford Motor Company Flat Rock Casting Plant (pictured here in 1973)

His body remained in the shelf for 30 minutes until it was discovered by workers who were concerned about his disappearance, according to reports.  

His family successfully sued the manufacturers of the robot, Litton Industries, and were awarded $10 million in damages. 

Wayne County Circuit Court concluded that there were not enough safety measures in place to prevent such an accident from happening. 

SELF-DRIVING TESLA SLAMS INTO TRACTOR

A former Navy SEAL became the first person to die at the wheel of a self-driving car after it ploughed into a tractor trailer on a freeway in Williston, Florida, in May 2016.

Joshua Brown, 40, was riding in his computer-guided Tesla Model S on autopilot mode when it travelled underneath the low-hanging trailer crossing his path on US Highway 27A, shearing off the car's roof completely.

By the time firefighters arrived, the wreckage of the Tesla had come to rest in a nearby yard hundreds of feet from the crash site, assistant chief Danny Wallace of the Williston Fire Department said. 

Tesla said its autopilot system failed to detect the truck because its white colour was similar to that of the bright sky, adding that the driver also made no attempt to hit the brakes. 

Elon Musk's company confirmed the man's 'tragic' death, but defended its vehicles, saying they were safer than other cars. 

Joshua Brown, 40, was riding in his computer-guided Tesla Model S on autopilot mode when it travelled underneath the low-hanging trailer crossing his path on US Highway 27A, shearing off its roof completely

Brown was killed as the car drove underneath the low-hanging trailer at 74mph, ripping the roof off before smashing through a fence and hitting an electrical pole. Tesla said its autopilot system failed to detect the truck because its white colour was similar to that of the bright sky, adding that the driver also made no attempt to hit the brakes

CRUSHED BY A ROBOT ARM

On July 7 2015, a grandmother was crushed to death when she became trapped by a piece of machinery that should not have entered into the area in which she was working.

Wanda Holbrook was 57 at the time of the incident, and had been working at car manufacturing facility Ventra Ionia Main in Michigan, USA for 12 years.

She was working on the production line when a robotic arm took her by surprise by entering the section in which she was stationed. 

The arm hit and crushed her head against a trailer hitch assembly it was working on, a wrongful death lawsuit states. 

According to The Callahan Law Firm, widower Bill Holbrook said his wife's head injuries were so severe that the funeral home recommended a closed casket.

On July 7 2015, a grandmother was crushed to death when she became trapped by a piece of machinery that should not have entered into the area in which she was working at at car manufacturing facility Ventra Ionia Main in Michigan, USA (pictured)

Wanda Holbrook was 57 at the time of the incident, and had been working at the car manufacturing facility for 12 years

STABBED BY WELDING ROBOT

The first person killed by a robot in India is thought to be 24-year-old Ramji Lal, who was stabbed to death by a robotic welding machine, also in July 2015.

Lal was reportedly adjusting a metal sheet at car parts manufacturer SKH Metals in Manesar, Gurgaon that was being welded by the machine when he was stabbed by one of its arms.

A colleague told the Times of India: 'The robot is pre-programmed to weld metal sheets it lifts. 

'One such sheet got dislodged and Lal reached from behind the machine to adjust it. 

'This was when welding sticks attached to the pre-programmed device pierced Lal's abdomen.'

The first person killed by a robot in India is thought to be 24-year-old Ramji Lal, who was stabbed to death by a robotic welding machine, also in July 2015. Lal was reportedly adjusting a metal sheet at car parts manufacturer SKH Metals in Manesar, Gurgaon that was being welded by the machine when he was stabbed by one of its arms (stock image)

AMAZON ROBOT PUNCTURES BEAR REPELLENT CAN

In 2018, a robot accidentally punctured a can of bear repellent at an Amazon warehouse in New Jersey, hospitalising 24 workers.

The nine-ounce aerosol can contained concentrated capsaicin - the active component found in chilli peppers that makes your mouth feel hot.

Many of the workers experienced trouble breathing and said their throats and eyes burned as a result of the fumes from the pepper spray.

One worker from the Robbinsville-based warehouse was in critical condition and was sent to the ICU at Robert Wood Johnson Hospital, while another 30 were treated at the scene.

Stuart Appelbaum, president of the Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union, issued a statement after the incident saying: 'Amazon's automated robots put humans in life-threatening danger today, the effects of which could be catastrophic and the long-term effects for 80+ workers are unknown,

'The richest company in the world cannot continue to be let off the hook for putting hard working people's lives at risk.'

In 2018, a robot accidentally punctured a can of bear repellent at an Amazon facility in New Jersey, hospitalising 24 workers

One worker from the Robbinsville-based warehouse was in critical condition and was sent to the ICU at Robert Wood Johnson Hospital, while another 30 were treated at the scene (pictured)

Josh Bongard, a robotics professor at the University of Vermont, told MailOnline: 'Robots are kind of the opposite of people. They're good at things we’re bad at, and vice versa.

'The good news in all this is that robots will likely kill many fewer people, than people do. Especially here in the US.'

Professor Bongard also said it's 'really, really hard' to train robots to avoid such accidents. 

'Our best hope at the moment for deploying safe robots is to put them in places where there are few people, like autonomous cars restricted to special lanes on highways.'

When chess robots go bad: AI player grabs a seven-year-old boy and BREAKS his finger during tournament in Russia 

A chess-playing robot broke a child's finger during a tournament in Russia last week, with the incident being captured in CCTV footage.

The robot grabbed the seven-year-old boy's finger because it was confused by his overly-quick movements, Russian media outlets reported, quoting the President of the Moscow Chess Federation - who seemingly blamed the child.

'The robot broke the child's finger - this, of course, is bad,' Sergey Lazarev told Russia's TASS news agency, while distancing his organisation from the robot.

The incident occurred at the Moscow Open on July 19. Lazarev said that the federation had rented the robot for the event, which ran from July 13 to 21.

Lazarev said that the machine had been hired for many previous events without incident, saying the boy went to move a piece too quickly after making a move.

A chess-playing robot (pictured) broke a child's finger during an international tournament in Moscow last week, with the incident being captured in CCTV footage

Captured by a camera over the boy's shoulder, the video starts by showing the robot as it picks up a piece from the board and drops it into a box to the side - used to contain the discarded pieces from the game

'The robot was rented by us, it has been exhibited in many places, for a long time, with specialists. Apparently, the operators overlooked it,' Lazarev said.

'The child made a move, and after that we need to give time for the robot to answer, but the boy hurried , the robot grabbed him. We have nothing to do with the robot.'

Video of the incident was published by the Baza Telegram channel, who said the boy's name was Christopher. Baza said he was among the 30 best chess players in Moscow in the under-nine age group category.

According to The Guardian, Sergey Smagin, vice-president of the Russian Chess Federation, went even further in blaming the boy.

'There are certain safety rules and the child, apparently, violated them. When he made his move, he did not realise he first had to wait,' The Guardian quoted Smagin as saying. 'This is an extremely rare case, the first I can recall.'

The footage shows the robot - which consists of a single mechanical arm with multiple joints and a 'hand' - was in the middle of a table and surrounded by three different chess boards. It's AI can reportedly play three matches at the same time.

Captured by a camera over the boy's shoulder, the video starts by showing the robot as it picks up a piece from the board and drops it into a box to the side - used to contain the discarded pieces from the game.

As it does so, the young boy reaches to make his next move. However, the robot appears to mistake the boy's finger for a chess piece, and grabs that instead.

Upon grabbing the boy's finger, the mechanical arms freezes in place, trapping the boy who begins to panic. Several people standing around the table rush in to help him, and after a few seconds are able to free him from the robot's grip

Pictured: The boy is taken away by adults who were standing around the table. Russian chess officials said the machine had been hired for many previous events without incident, saying the boy went to move a piece too quickly after making a move

Upon grabbing the boy's finger, the mechanical arms freezes in place, trapping the boy who begins to panic. Several people standing around the table rush in to help him, and after a few seconds are able to free him from the robot's grip.

Lazarev said in his statement that the boy was able to return to the tournament the following day in a case, and finished the tournament.

However, he told TASS that the boy's parents had contacted the public prosecutor's office about the incident, and that his organisation had been contacted by Moskomsport - the Department of Sport for the Russian capital.

He offered to help the family 'in any way we can,' and warned that the operators of the robot were going to have to 'think about strengthening protection so that this situation does not happen again.'

Smagin told RIA Novosti that the incident was a 'concidence' and said the robot is 'absolutely safe,' The Guardian reported.

'It has performed at many opens. Apparently, children need to be warned. It happens,' Smagin said - calling the robot 'unique'.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

27-07-2022 om 23:24 geschreven door peter  

Alexander Atamanov uploaded a video showing some sort of robot-dog with a machine gun on top of its body.

The robot moves around and shoots a series of bullets at various targets. 

And although its design looks like it comes straight out of a sci-fi thriller, the patrol robot dog seems to become reality. 

The question is whether the Boston Dynamics robot dog will be deployed in war zones or whether to restrain the masses on the street.

  

{  http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

25-07-2022 om 18:13 geschreven door peter  

A new all-electric drone is totally silent. And it uses ion propulsion?

The vehicle generates noise levels below 70 dB.

 By  Loukia Papadopoulos

The 'quiet' drone.

Undefined Technologies

Imagine an all-electric drone with zero emissions and no noise.

It could venture anywhere — practically undetected — and be used for a variety of applications from search and rescue to military operations.

That vision is now here, and it runs on ion propulsion.

Last month, a Florida-based tech startup called Undefined Technologies unveiled the new aesthetic design of its silent eVTOL drone, called Silent Ventus, which is powered by ion propulsion, according to a press release by the firm.

A sustainable and less noisy urban environment

“Silent Ventus is a vivid example of our intent of creating a sustainable, progressive, and less-noisy urban environment,” said Tomas Pribanic, Founder and CEO of Undefined Technologies, in the statement. “The design brings us closer to our final product and enables us to showcase the dual-use of our technology.”

The concept vehicle uses proprietary technology to fully activate the ion cloud surrounding the craft. This allows the drone to generate high levels of ion thrust in atmospheric air, and take flight in near-silence.

A major milestone for all-electric drones

Development of the drone has been ongoing for a while now. In December of 2021, the drone completed a major milestone. It undertook a 2-minute and 30-second mission flight, where its performance, flight dynamics, endurance, and noise levels were tested.

The engineers leading the tests reported that the craft’s flight time extended five-fold from the previous version and generated noise levels of less than 85 decibels. Pribanic said at the time that the drone was one step closer to market.

According to Undefined Technologies' website, the drone today "uses innovative physics principles to generate noise levels below 70 dB." This would make it ideal for use throughout the U.S., where acceptable noise levels for residential, industrial, and commercial zones range from 50 to 70 dB.

In comparison, the majority of drones produce noises in the vicinity of 85 to 96 dB. Time will tell whether the new "silent" drones will inaugurate a new age of whispering drones that take no toll on the surrounding environment, toiling away in peace.

{ https://interestingengineering.com/ }

04-07-2022 om 01:44 geschreven door peter  

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

04-07-2022 om 00:20 geschreven door peter  

De ‘Sky Cruise’ moet een vliegend hotel worden met zwembaden en bioscopen dat nooit landt

Er zouden zelfs geen piloten nodig zijn

{ https://www.clint.be/ }

01-07-2022 om 00:56 geschreven door peter  

Watch Robot Dog Shoot A Rifle!! World Robot Dog Army Threat To Human Race? Spot The Robot Dog Is Designed To Carry Large Weapon And Hunt Humans?

Watch Robot Dog Shoot A Rifle!! World Robot Dog Army Threat To Human Race? Spot The Robot Dog Is Designed To Carry Large Weapon And Hunt Humans?  

Here’s the glossy version… meaning, the harmless dog that knows a few tricks, and doesn’t do much else… meanwhile watch the other videos and you’ll know this isn’t just a giant cute toy!!

Well if you ask me, it’s reasonable to say that the back of the robot, is designed to and equipped with the ability to carry anything, weapons included! People… this is a real issue… look at what China has…

• https://www.bitchute.com/channel/chembuster/

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

30-06-2022 om 00:47 geschreven door peter  

Female AI Biologic Robots Will Be Able to Birth Test Tube Babies. Sex Robots are Bad Enough, but the Mother of Your Child? These People Are Sick

Female AI Biologic Robots Will Be Able to Birth Test Tube Babies. Sex Robots are Bad Enough, but the Mother of Your Child? These People Are Sick

Japan Just Delivered Fully Performing Female Robots #2

Apr 17, 2022

Japan has combined artificial intelligence and incredible simulation technology to finally launch the world’s first female bio-robots for users!

As AI Bio-Bots become more prevalent in our Society, they will become perceived more and more as Human.

This is all Part of the TRANSHUMAN Agenda to Make Droids Citizens and to REPLACE HUMANS

YEAH, THIS IS REAL CREEPY

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

21-06-2022 om 22:43 geschreven door peter  

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

12-06-2022 om 21:55 geschreven door peter  

A jet suit makes a record-breaking ascent to 3,100 feet in just three minutes

This could be the difference between life and death for many critical cases.

 By  Derya Ozdemir

Gravity Industries, a leading British jet suit company, is out to give superhuman abilities to emergency services for search and rescue missions in remote regions in the north of England.

And it can prove it.

The company's 3D-printed suit has two small turbines attached to each arm and a bigger one installed on the back, and it can achieve speeds of more than 80 mph (roughly 130 km/h). One of their most recent demonstration videos is part of a series of paramedic response exercises to prove the product's capability. And while also training real paramedics, the team demonstrated that the jet suit can scale a mountain in low visibility, which is something that a helicopter would be unable to do in a rescue situation. And typically, the mountain rescue on-foot response time exceeds 70 minutes.

In contrast, the record-breaking ascent to the top of a 3,100-foot (945-meter) mountain was achieved in just three minutes and thirty seconds! "This system, akin to the rapid response of a Paramedic on a motorbike in an urban environment, will be the difference between life and death for many critical cases," Gravity Industries noted in the video's description. If you want to see the demonstration, make sure you watch the video embedded above, and as always, enjoy.

{ https://interestingengineering.com/ }

29-05-2022 om 22:07 geschreven door peter