Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 10 MONTHS.
ON 06/04/2024 MORE THAN 1.951.050
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
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UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
Microplastics zijn overal. Ze zijn op de meest afgelegen plaatsen gevonden; bij zeedieren die in de diepste loopgraven van de oceaan leven, begraven in zee-ijs op Antarctica, en in drinkwater over de hele wereld. Deze fragmenten worden via een aantal verschillende kanalen verspreid en nu worden ze ook in het menselijk lichaam aangetroffen. Nu besmetting onvermijdelijk wordt, is het tijd om de effecten van deze vervuilende stof op zowel het milieu als onze fysieke gezondheid te leren kennen en volledig te begrijpen.
Bekijk de volgende galerij-foto's en ontdekt de waarheid over microplasticvervuiling .
Kleine stukjes plastic Uit een onlangs vrijgegeven onderzoek is gebleken dat flessenwater honderdduizenden ‘nanoplastics’ bevat. Deze kleine fragmenten zijn slechts 100 nanometer (of minder) groot.
Nanoplastics Nanoplastics zijn alomtegenwoordig in stedelijke wateren. Ze hebben verschillende kenmerken in vergelijking met microplastics, en vanwege hun omvang is het zelfs nog moeilijker om ze te analyseren.
Flessen water Een gemiddelde liter plastic fles water bevat volgens onderzoekers van Columbia en Rutgers in de VS bijna een kwart miljoen nanoplasticfragmenten.
Onderzoek De onderzoekers ontdekten dat een groot deel van de consumptie uit de waterfles zelf kwam, en het is onbekend of dit een ernstig risico voor de volksgezondheid met zich meebrengt.
WHO-bevindingen In 2019 concludeerde de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie dat er niet genoeg bewijs was om aan te tonen dat de consumptie of het inademen van microplastics een risico vormde.
WHO-bevindingen Ze waarschuwden echter dat deeltjes die kleiner zijn dan 10 micrometer meer dan waarschijnlijk biologisch zullen worden opgenomen, en riepen op tot een vermindering van de plasticvervuiling.
Microplastics in voedsel Maar onze blootstelling aan microplastics beperkt zich niet alleen tot het water dat we drinken. Ze worden ook verspreid op landbouwgrond, om uiteindelijk in het voedsel dat we eten terecht te komen.
Microplastics in landbouwgrond Uit een analyse uit 2022 bleek dat het rioolslib dat wordt gebruikt om gewassen te bemesten bijna 20 miljoen hectare Amerikaanse landbouwgrond heeft vervuild.
Riolering Het is ook bewezen dat de 'forever chemicaliën', oftewel PFA's (per- en polyfluoralkylstoffen), en microplastics die in het slib worden aangetroffen, elk jaar de Europese landbouwgronden vervuilen.
Plastic in elke hap Of we het ons nu realiseren of niet, elke hap die we nemen kan microplastics bevatten. Plastic lijkt zich het meest op te hopen in de wortels van groenten, dus wortelen, radijsjes en rapen kunnen grotere hoeveelheden bevatten dan bijvoorbeeld groene bladgroenten.
Microplastics in de longen In 2022 ontdekten wetenschappers voor het eerst microdeeltjes in menselijke longen en bloed. De ontdekking onderstreepte de urgentie van de noodzaak om alternatieven voor plastic te vinden.
Consumentenproducten De bron van de microplastics die in het menselijk lichaam worden aangetroffen varieert, maar consumentenproducten zoals plastic flessen, textielvezels (vooral in polyester) en voedselverpakkingen die in de oceaan, de lucht, zeevruchten en zelfs zout worden aangetroffen, zijn de meest waarschijnlijke bronnen.
Consumptie Er wordt aangenomen dat Amerikanen dagelijks ongeveer 126 deeltjes microplastics consumeren en 132 deeltjes microplastics inademen. Terwijl de meeste hiervan door de darmen gaan en het lichaam verlaten, blijven andere in kleine hoeveelheden achter en hopen zich op.
Afbraak van microplastics Microplastics zijn gemaakt van giftige, schadelijke verbindingen zoals weekmakers, stabilisatoren, vulstoffen en smeermiddelen die tientallen jaren lang niet worden afgebroken.
Afbraak van microplastics Er wordt uitgebreid onderzoek gedaan om te bepalen wat de langetermijneffecten van deze microplastics in het lichaam zullen zijn, gezien hun langzaam afbrekende karakter.
BPA BPA, een veel voorkomende chemische stof die in plastic wordt gebruikt, is een bekende hormoonontregelaar (hormoonsysteemverstoorder), en veel bedrijven produceren nu BPA-vrij plastic. Maar het is niet de enige.
Kankerverwekkend Veel andere chemicaliën in kunststoffen zijn ook hormoonontregelaars en kankerverwekkend. Chronische ziekten zoals hartziekten en diabetes houden verband met de uitstoot van deze chemicaliën.
Sterk bewerkte voedingsmiddelen Microplastics breken af van grotere stukken plastic en komen via het productie- en opslagproces in voedsel terecht. Hoe beter het voedsel is bewerkt, hoe groter de hoeveelheid microplastics die erin zit.
Onvermijdelijk? Hoewel er stappen zijn die we als individu kunnen nemen om onze consumptie van microplastics terug te dringen, maakt de populatie microplastics het consumeren ervan in een of andere vorm onvermijdelijk.
Productiebedrijven Miljoenen tonnen microplastics worden geproduceerd door productiebedrijven, om vervolgens in watermassa’s te belanden die over de hele wereld circuleren
Plastic vervuiling Grotere kunststoffen die in waterlichamen worden aangetroffen, worden door de zon afgebroken tot kleine kunststoffen die in de drinkwatervoorziening terecht kunnen komen.
De waarheid over recycling Het merendeel van het plastic dat voor recycling wordt verzonden, wordt niet gerecycled. Veel van de plastic flessen en tassen die worden verzonden, belanden uiteindelijk op een stortplaats.
Overmatig gebruik van plastic In het dagelijks leven is onze afhankelijkheid van plastic verpakkingen verbazingwekkend. Vooral voedselverpakkingen zijn overbodig: groenten en fruit hoeven niet in plastic verpakt te worden, maar vaak wel.
Regulatie In de VS is de afgelopen jaren bezuinigd op de regelgeving en het milieubeschermingsbeleid. Deze zullen van invloed zijn op de toekomst van de consumptie van microplastics.
Kleren Een andere mogelijke manier waarop microplastics door het lichaam kunnen worden opgenomen, is via kleding. Vaak zal goedkoper gemaakte kleding een hoger gehalte aan synthetische materialen bevatten. Hierdoor lopen mensen met een lager inkomen een groter risico op dit soort besmettingen.
Biologisch afbreekbare kunststoffen Het kan lang duren voordat biologisch afbreekbare kunststoffen uiteenvallen, zelfs jaren. Meestal vallen ze uiteen in kleinere stukjes, in plaats van chemische componenten. Dit soort producten zou het plasticprobleem kunnen verergeren.
Glazen flessen Glas is gemaakt van silica, dat een grotere ecologische voetafdruk heeft dan drankkartons en aluminium blikjes. Hoewel hun recyclingpercentage hoger is, is het een complexe kwestie: de productie van glas kan leiden tot landverslechtering en verlies aan biodiversiteit.
De toekomst? Onderzoekers hebben gekeken naar bacteriën en schimmels die zich voeden met plastic en deze materialen kunnen afbreken. Er is een soort keverlarve gevonden die polystyreen verslindt. Ook worden chemische behandelingen en waterfiltratiesystemen onderzocht die microplastics kunnen verwijderen.
An invisible world exists beneath our feet, full of thriving organisms that few human eyes will ever see. Now, researchers have found that as global temperatures steadily rise, previously dormant bacteria are coming alive, which could further complicate worsening climate conditions on Earth.
A longstanding challenge in the study of climate change involves how it impacts the microbiome within Earth’s soil, which plays a significant role in helping researchers calculate global climate models. This is partly due to the role microorganisms play in the regulation of carbon fluxes that have a significant impact on climate.
With warming temperatures, some scientists warn that an increase in microbial activity in Earth’s soil could impact carbon stocks, which are especially prevalent in soils at higher latitudes where the activity of these organisms had once been limited by cooler temperatures.
Now, as more microorganisms awaken with rising temperatures, the carbon stocks within these soils are becoming more susceptible to decomposition and could lead to increases in the release of carbon into the atmosphere.
The findings were the result of a new study by researchers at the University of Vienna’s Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science (CeMESS).
According to the team behind the study, their findings represent a potentially major shift in how scientists view microbial activity in our soil, and the role these organisms play in the global carbon cycle, as well as its relationship to Earth’s climate.
Previously, it had been assumed that the release of carbon into the atmosphere was due to the accelerated growth of existing microbes due to warmer temperatures, although the new findings confirm the primary mechanism to be the activation of dormant bacteria.
Andreas Richter, lead author of the study and professor at the University’s Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, says soils are the planet’s most significant supply of organic carbon, and the microorganisms within them govern the Earth’s carbon cycle as they break down materials, releasing carbon dioxide in the process.
Of particular concern to researchers is what is called soil carbon-climate feedback, which is the cycle that arises from the proportional emission of carbon dioxide by microorganisms that awaken as temperatures rise, thereby contributing to overall global warming trends.
As part of their research, Richter and his colleagues traveled to a region of Iceland where elevated soil temperatures compared with nearby areas were especially significant.
Dennis Metze Ph.D., the study’s lead author, said that increased microbial growth was evident in areas that had seen more than half a century of consistent soil warming.
“But remarkably, the growth rates of microbes in warmer soils were indistinguishable to those at normal temperatures,” Metze added, noting that the key difference the researchers found was bacterial diversity, in that warmer soils had a much greater variety of different active microbes.
The team made these discoveries through the collection of soil cores, and the application of state-of-the-art isotope probing capabilities.
Christina Kaiser, an associate professor involved with the study, likened the complexity of soil’s microbiomes and their response to climate “a ‘black box’ in climate modeling.”
The team says their findings will likely assist in the generation of more accurate models going forward and could help to unravel some of the existing mysteries involving how microbial communities respond to warmer temperatures, and their relationship to the overall carbon cycle going forward.
The team’s new study, “Soil warming increases the number of growing bacterial taxa but not their growth rates,” was published in the journal Science Advances on February 23, 2024.
Hundreds of thousands of icy rocks lurk around in the Kuiper Belt, a place discovered just a few decades ago, and exists far beyond Neptune. As a NASA spacecraft sojourns deeper into space, it has encountered a puzzling finding in this cosmic hinterland: The Kuiper Belt may be much bigger than expected.
Neptune, Uranus, Saturn, and Jupiter formed billions of years ago and their gravitational influence may have cleared out the middle of the Solar System of the objects that now live in the Kuiper Belt. Now, after having been slingshotted into the dark and frigid outer edges of the Solar System, these planetary building blocks are coming into the spotlight with missions like NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft.
An artist’s concept of a collision between two objects in the Kuiper Belt.
To give an idea of how far away New Horizons currently is, it has been almost nine years since the spacecraft visited Pluto. It’s now about 60 times farther away than the distance between the Sun and the Earth, or 60 astronomical units (AU).
During the three years it took to go from 45 to 55 AUs, its Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter (SDC) instrument found something unusual. The Kuiper Belt showed higher levels of dust than models suggested. The dust is a symptom of its environment and could mean several things that the New Horizons team hopes to one day answer.
NASA officials announced on Tuesday, adding that the work is detailed in a study published in late January in the journal Astrophysical Journal Letters.
NASA says the new data contributes to “a growing body of evidence that suggests the outer edge of the main Kuiper Belt could extend billions of miles farther than current estimates — or that there could even be a second belt beyond the one we already know.”
Pluto is undeniably a frigid place, this image shows. According to NASA, this is the most accurate natural color images of Pluto from the space agency’s New Horizons spacecraft. Now located about 60 AU from the Sun, the spacecraft flew past the dwarf planet at a distance of around 39 AU from the Sun in 2015.
Telescopes on Earth have discovered several Kuiper Belt Objects that exist far beyond the traditional outer edge of the belt, around 50 AU. This, plus the New Horizons dust readings, highlights the scope of this icy population. The dust can be made when two objects smash into each other.
If earlier science models were accurate, New Horizons should have sailed beyond the Kuiper Belt about 10 AU ago. Now there are new ideas about the region's size.
The outer edge could be located at 80 AU, which, if Neptune’s orbit is considered where the belt starts (around 30 AU), means that the Kuiper Belt, on its own, is about 10 times bigger than the distance between the Sun and Jupiter.
New Horizons has notched 5 billion miles over 18 years. NASA says it has a lot of life left in it. According to the agency, the spacecraft should have enough propellant to carry it beyond 100 AU from the Sun and to operate through the 2040s.
One day, when it’s even farther away than it is now, the SDC instrument may sense the dominance of interstellar particles. If and when that happens, astronomy from the edge of our cosmic backyard won’t ever be the same.
A Planetary Disk in the Orion Nebula is Destroying and Replenishing Oceans of Water Every Month
A closeup of the inner region of the Orion Nebula as seen by JWST. There's a protoplanetary disk there that is recycling an Earth's ocean-full of water each month. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, PDRs4All ERS Team; Salomé Fuenmayor image
A Planetary Disk in the Orion Nebula is Destroying and Replenishing Oceans of Water Every Month
Planet-forming disks are places of chaotic activity. Not only do planetesimals slam together to form larger worlds, but it now appears that the process involves the destructive recycling of water within a disk. That’s the conclusion from scientists studying JWST data from a planetary birth crèche called d203-506 in the Orion Nebula.
The data they studied suggest that an amount of water equivalent to all of Earth’s oceans is created and replenished in a relatively short period—about a month. According to study co-lead Els Peeters at Western University in Canada, it was relatively easy to discover this process in the protoplanetary disk. “This discovery was based on a tiny fraction of our spectroscopic data,” she said. “It is exciting that we have so much more data to mine and I can’t wait to see what else we can find.”
The Orion Nebula is a vast active star- and planet-forming region and the d203-506 protoplanetary disk lies within it at a distance of about 1,350 light-years away from Earth. Astronomers study the nebula to understand all aspects of star birth since there are so many newborn stars there. In addition, many are surrounded by disks of gas and dust, called protoplanetary disks (proplyds, for short). Those regions are excellent places to observe planet-formation processes, and particularly the interplay between the young stars and their disks.
The Orion Nebula is one of the most studied objects in the sky. Many of its protostars and their planetary disks likely contain water in some form. Image: NASA
The Water Cycle of a Proplyd
We all know that water is an important ingredient for life. It certainly played a role in creating and sustaining life on our planet. As it turns out, water is a significant fraction of the materials in a proplyd. In the infant Solar System, water existed throughout our proplyd long before any of the planets formed, largely in their icy form, either as icy bodies or locked into asteroids and planetesimals. It also exists in interstellar space.
This view of Earth’s horizon by an Expedition 7 crewmember onboard the International Space Station. A new study suggests that Earth’s water didn’t all come from comets, but likely also came from water-rich planetesimals. Credit: NASA
Most of Earth’s water got delivered to the forming planet over millions of years. It melted or outgassed to form the oceans, rivers, and lakes we see today. But, some fraction of the water in our system’s birth disk probably went through a “freeze-thaw” cycle within the disk. That happened when the Solar System was still just a disk of gas and dust. The water was essentially destroyed and then re-formed at higher temperatures.
We can’t see that effect anymore in our system. But, astronomers can point telescopes at other proplyds to see if the same process happens there. That’s what Peeters and her team did. They used JWST to look at d203-506. There, bright young stars flood the nearby regions in the proplyd with intense ultraviolet radiation. The UV breaks up water molecules to form hydroxyl molecules and that process also releases infrared light. JWST can search out that light and report back on how much hydroxyl is in the birth cloud. The team estimates that the process in d203-506 regularly destroys and replenishes about an Earth oceans-full of water each month.
Formation of the Solar System Implications
The d203-506 system is currently forming new worlds, but it began as a cloud of gas and dust without a star. That’s exactly how our own Solar System began—as a cloud of gas and dust more than 4.5 billion years ago. The cloud it formed from was a cold, dark nebula containing some amount of water ice, or water-rich material. Something nudged the cloud to coalesce into a region of higher density, and that continued to shrink in on itself under the force of gravity. Temperatures rose, and eventually, a protostar began to form. Ultraviolet from the Sun irradiated the birth cloud, and that led to a similar water-destroying and replenishing activity. Heat and radiation from the Sun also forced lighter elements to migrate out to cooler regions in the system.
So, d203-506 makes a great analog to study the water cycle in the infant Solar System. Based on this JWST data, it’s very likely that water in Earth’s oceans went through this same process. Eventually, that water made its way to the planetesimals and icy bodies that helped form the worlds of the Solar System.
The icy bodies of the outer solar system probably didn’t experience the same extremes of heating, destruction, and replenishment. That’s because they migrated out to (or already existed at) great enough distances that the irradiation from the Sun didn’t have the same effect. That’s one reason planetary scientists are also interested in sampling those distant bodies. Their “primordial” water ices are a good sample of what conditions were like in the original nebula before it coalesced to form the Sun and planets.
Intuitive Machines’ Odysseus Lander Sends Faint Signal From the Moon
Intuitive Machines‘ Odysseus lander made space history today — becoming the first commercial spacecraft to survive a descent to the moon, and the first U.S.-built spacecraft to do so since the Apollo 17 mission in 1972. But it wasn’t a trouble-free landing.
Ground controllers had a hard time establishing contact with the robotic lander just after the scheduled touchdown time of 6:23 p.m. ET (2323 UTC). Several minutes passed, and then Intuitive Machines mission director Tim Crain reported that there was a faint signal coming from Odysseus’ high-gain antenna.
“We’re not dead yet,” he said.
A few minutes later, the IM-1 mission team decided that the signal was evidence enough that Odysseus was still operating.
“What we can confirm without a doubt is our equipment is on the surface of the moon, and we are transmitting,” Crain said. “So, congratulations, IM team, we’ll see how much more we can get from that.”
As mission team members applauded, Intuitive Machines CEO Steve Altemus radioed in with his congratulations. “I know this was a nail-biter, but we are on the surface and we are transmitting,” he said. “Welcome to the moon.”
“Houston, Odysseus has found his new home,” Crain replied.
What Odysseus was designed to do
Odysseus, which is named after a seafaring hero in Greek mythology, was launched from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on Feb. 15. The mission’s objective was to deliver payloads from NASA and commercial customers to a spot near Malapert A crater in the lunar south polar region. That area of the moon is of high interest because its cratered terrain is thought to hold resources of water ice that could be eventually be used to supply crewed outposts.
NASA is paying Houston-based Intuitive Machines $118 million for the delivery under the terms of its Commercial Lunar Payload Services initiative.
The space agency’s payloads include a camera system that was designed to document the plumes of dust kicked up by the landing, an experimental radio navigation beacon, a radio-based fuel gauge, a laser range finder, a set of laser reflectors and a sensor that will study the moon’s electron plasma environment. Data from the experiments could help NASA plan for the Artemis program’s crewed lunar landings, which could start happening as soon as 2026.
The commercial payloads range from a box of 125 marble-sized moon sculptures and a digital data storage device to a mini-observatory that could capture pictures of the lunar surface and the Milky Way above. There’s also a camera system that was designed to be dropped off during the descent to take “selfie” pictures of the touchdown.
Backup systems come into play
Odysseus reached lunar orbit on Feb. 21, and went through a series of maneuvers today to descend from an altitude of 92 kilometers (57 miles).
NASA’s laser range finder, known as the Navigation Doppler Lidar or NDL, ended up playing a crucial backup role in guiding the descent. Just a couple of hours before landing, Intuitive Machines reported that controllers couldn’t get Odysseus’ own laser range finders to work — so they reprogrammed the lander to use NASA’s NDL system instead.
In the wake of the landing, Intuitive Machines’ mission control team went through a series of procedures aimed at resetting equipment and boosting the signal from Odysseus.
“After troubleshooting communications, flight controllers have confirmed Odysseus is upright and starting to send data,” Intuitive Machines reported in a posting to X / Twitter. “Right now, we are working to downlink the first images from the lunar surface.”
There’s a chance that Odysseus went off track during the final stages of the descent and ended up landing askew. That’s what happened a month ago when Japan’s SLIM spacecraft tumbled into an awkward position on its lunar landing site. SLIM’s off-kilter solar arrays were able to soak up enough power for an abbreviated round of science observations.
Even under the best of circumstances, the solar-powered Odysseus lander is expected to be in operation on the lunar surface for only seven days. The mission is slated to end when the sun drops below the lunar horizon and the circuit-chilling lunar night begins.
Past and future lunar robots
NASA’s deputy associate administrator for exploration, Joel Kearns, noted in advance of the landing that the odds for a completely successful commercial moon landing were slim.
“This is not an easy thing we’ve asked these companies to do, but if they’re successful, the up side for American exploration is just so great we have to try it,” Kearns said.
Still more commercial moon landing attempts are on NASA’s calendar: Intuitive Machines is already working on another lander that will drill for ice in the moon’s south polar region. Meanwhile, Astrobotic is getting set to send NASA’s VIPER rover to a spot near the south pole, and Firefly Aerospace is due to deliver 10 NASA payloads to Mare Crisium aboard its Blue Ghost lander.
NASA Administrator Bill Nelson accentuated the positive in a pre-recorded video message that was released on the assumption that Odysseus survived its descent to the surface.
“Today, for the first time in more than half a century, the U.S. has returned to the moon,” Nelson said. “Today, for the first time in the history of humanity, a commercial company, an American company, launched and led the voyage up there. Today is a day that shows the power and promise of NASA’s commercial partnerships. … This feat is a giant leap forward for all of humanity. Stay tuned.”
A Mysterious Encounter: The 406th Battalion’s UFO Sighting Over Ukraine
A Mysterious Encounter: The 406th Battalion’s UFO Sighting Over Ukraine
In an age where the sky is no longer the limit, a recent video capturing an unidentified flying object (UFO) has reignited the curiosity and speculation surrounding extraterrestrial phenomena. Filmed earlier this year, the intriguing footage was obtained by the 406th Battalion using a drone, as it hovered over the tumultuous front lines of Ukraine. This 17-second clip, viewed through a laptop, has become a focal point for both believers and skeptics of unidentified aerial phenomena (UAPs).
The Encounter Unfolded
The video begins in an ordinary setting, with soldiers operating a drone, unaware of the astonishing discovery they are about to make. The atmosphere shifts dramatically as the drone camera captures an enigmatic object, prompting a flurry of bewildered reactions from the soldiers. Their dialogue, a mix of incredulity and humor, underscores the surreal nature of the encounter:
“Why can’t he fire missiles at us? What do you mean?”
“Holy f*ck… f*ck…”
“What the f*ck is this?”
“I’m telling you it’s a UFO for sure it standing still.”
“Zoom in more.”
“It’s standing still, do you see?”
“Can’t see anything on the thermal cameras?”
“Maybe ram it?” [as a joke]
These words, laced with astonishment and disbelief, capture the raw emotion of the moment. The object, described as stationary and elusive to thermal detection, presents characteristics often associated with UFO sightings. The suggestion to “maybe ram it” adds a light-hearted twist to an otherwise tense observation, hinting at the human tendency to find humor even in the most mysterious situations.
What Makes This Sighting Stand Out?
What sets this sighting apart is not just the visual evidence, but the context in which it was captured. The front lines of a conflict zone are unlikely settings for deliberate fabrications of UFO footage, lending a layer of credibility to the encounter. The 406th Battalion, engaged in the day-to-day realities of military operations, inadvertently stumbled upon a phenomenon that defies easy explanation.
The Significance of This Sighting
This sighting contributes to the growing archive of UAP encounters, prompting discussions about the nature and origin of these objects. While skeptics may attribute such phenomena to drones or other explainable entities, the characteristics displayed in this video—such as the object’s immobility and invisibility to thermal cameras—challenge conventional explanations.
Source states:
This Exclusive footage was sent in by a unit we fundraise for over at UkraineFreedomNews. 406th battalion UAF captured some kind of UAP on their drone while surveilling the frontline.
A Call to Explore the Unknown
The 406th Battalion’s UFO sighting is a reminder of the vast, uncharted territories that exist not only in the cosmos but within our own atmosphere. It invites enthusiasts, experts, and the curious to ponder the possibilities of what lies beyond our understanding. As technology advances and more eyes turn skyward, the search for answers continues.
For those intrigued by the mysteries of the universe, this video serves as a compelling piece of evidence in the ongoing investigation into UFO sightings. It underscores the reality that, sometimes, the truth is not only out there but also hovering above us, waiting to be discovered.
Whether this video will become a cornerstone piece of evidence in UFOlogy or a curious footnote in the history of aerial phenomena remains to be seen. However, its impact on the conversation around UFO sightings—capturing the imagination of millions and perhaps encouraging a more serious consideration of the unexplained—is undeniable. The skies above Ukraine have offered up a new mystery, fueling the human quest for knowledge and the eternal question: are we truly alone in the universe?
Mystery of Massachusetts' 'Monsterland' - a five-mile stretch of unchartered woods where locals claim they've seen flying saucers, glowing orange orbs and BIG FOOT
Mystery of Massachusetts' 'Monsterland' - a five-mile stretch of unchartered woods where locals claim they've seen flying saucers, glowing orange orbs and BIG FOOT
The woods that line the small city of Leominster, near Boston in central Massachusetts, are a supernatural hotbed
For decades there have been rumored sightings of UFOs, strange glowing orbs and even Bigfoot - earning the area its ominous nickname
Others claim cars mysteriously break down and residents have been abducted
Deep in the heart of Massachusetts is a spooky place known as 'Monsterland' - a five-mile stretch famed for its paranormal activity.
For centuries, the eerie woods that line the small city of Leominster, near Boston, have been a hotbed for rumored sightings ofUFOs, strange glowing orbs and even BigFoot himself.
Some say these mysterious tales first began surfacing in the New England town in the 1800s, with locals sharing stories about a berry-eating beast.
But suspicions really took off in the 50s after a man claimed in a local bar that he had encountered a 'monster' - before vanishing when he left to track it down.
Since then there reported supernatural sightings have only increased, earning the area its ominous nickname and attracting Big Foot hunters from all over the country.
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The area known as 'Monsterland' - a five-mile stretch of forest-surrounded Leominster famed for paranormal activity - is seen here
For decades there have been rumored sightings of UFOs, strange glowing orbs, and even Bigfoot. Pictured: A part of the area and the surrounding Leominster State Forest
Claims of apelike creatures, glowing orange orbs and car engines suddenly giving out in the area are now rife. Pictured is a cast of a 'humanoid print' found in the forest in 2010
Ronny Le Blanc, 66, grew up a few hundred yards from Leominster, around the time the sightings first started.
After his first supernatural experience there when he was 11-years-old, he has since made it his mission to get to the bottom of the unexplained activity.
'I think because these things have happened to me personally, it's created this obsession where I need to find out more,' the author of 2016's Monsterland told CBS Boston of his experiences in the now-infamous area.
'The reason it gets its name is there were sightings of Bigfoot creatures going back to the late 1800s,' he explained - before producing a cast of footprints he claims came from the fabled sasquatch.
He further claimed: 'What I started noticing is that there was a lot of activities and stories in and around Leominster State Forest, which connects to Monsterland through the powerlines.'
After that bit of geography, he joked that a lot of locals like himself used to call it 'Monstah-land' - donning a trademark Boston accent to do so.
'It goes back to the '50s,' he continued, '[when] there was a gentleman that supposedly disappeared after seeing a strange creature by Old Mill Road.'
The legend surrounds an unnamed man who entered a Leominster bar one summer night visibly agitated.
When the barkeep asked him what was wrong, the man reportedly responded that he had just seen a 'terrifying monster' on the now notorious Old Mill Road that bleeds into Leominster State Forest and the surrounding areas.
He asked the proprietor to call police but instead of waiting he declared he was going out to go kill the monster himself and bring back the creature's body as proof.
But he was never seen again. When the cops arrived, the bar manager told them what had happened, spurring them to drive down to Old Mill Road.
There they found the man's car parked by the side of the street with its lights on and no one inside.
Balking at the concept of venturing into a largely uncharted 4,300-acre forest at night, the officers decided to wait until morning.
But the man never returned and the case remains a mystery to this day - with the legend helping to earn the street and surrounding area its Monsterland nickname.
Mysterious occurrences can mostly be traced back to the 50s, when a man entered a local bar and claimed he encountered a 'monster' before later disappearing
The small expanse of land where most of the encounters have occurred is centered around the now notorious Old Mill Road. Ronny Le Blanc, 66, grew up a few hundred yards away, and since made it his mission to shine a light on what's happening in the area
Many say the sightings first surfaced in the town in the 1800s, with tales involving a berry-eating beast. Today there are rumored sightings of the legendary BigFoot
Today, that road still stands - and according to Le Blanc and countless others, it is still a hive of unnatural activity.
Claims of apelike creatures, humanoid footprints, and car engines suddenly giving out are now rife - with several, including Le Blanc, spotting strange orbs floating overhead.
He believes the latter and the at-large beast are indelibly linked, citing other reports of people actually spotting the monster holding these 'orange spheres'.
Different objects described as 'flying saucers' have also been reported, with some caught on camera.
Le Blanche suspects they are all related, and claims to have witnessed the floating orbs at least nine times over the years.
Several other sightings have been reported since, including one on July 3 of 2012, and another almost ten years later on April 13, 2022.
Both occurrences were caught on camera, and the orbs in each are eerily identical.
All the more alarming is that the strange orange objects - reminiscent even from afar of fireballs - fit the descriptions of countless Leominster residents over the decades, including several whom have spoke to Le Blanc.
'People have seen Bigfoot holding an orb,' he told the outlet during a tour through the area in 2022. 'They look like a basketball with plasma swirling around and they’re silent. I've just seen them hovering over the sky and just blink out and disappear.'
Several people, including Le Blanc, have spotted strange orbs floating over the forest, such as these recorded by a resident on July 3, 2012
Almost identical objects were filmed nearly a decade later on April 13, 2022, by 52-year-old Corey Tourigny, who recorded them hovering over the area for some 15 minutes, before disappearing one by one
Descriptions offered by others are strikingly similar - with the citizen who spotted three unidentified objects between 8:30pm and 8:45pm in 2022 saying: 'There was no sound as they kept coming from a north west mountain area traveling south east.
'They would all change their direction and head west /south west as if they were programmed to all do it at the same exact time.
'Some were faster than others and some flew lower than others,' he went on, after recording the UFOs over his home in South Leominster near so-called 'Monsterland'.
'My estimation is they were about one hundred feet above tree top level,' he recalled.
'They would pause in formation for a while and then break off and head West as other came over the mountain area.'
After several minutes of hovering in his footage, the objects disappear.
The resident, 52-year-old Corey Tourigny, added: 'I called over [a local police officer that lived next door] to see what these things could possibly be, but he had no explanation as well.'
At least a dozen others who have had alleged encounters with the orbs also had a similar lack of luck in deciphering their significance.
Another unidentified flying object recorded over Leominster on July 24, 2019, is seen here
The footage shows the object bursting into frame like a fireball before suddenly disappearing. Some contend it was a meteor
Le Blanc, however, has a few ideas - referencing the case of late Leominster resident Betty Andreasson, who claimed that on January 25, 1967, she was abducted by extraterrestrial aliens from her South Ashburnham home about a dozen miles from Monsterland.
She also claims to have had a close encounter in 1944 in Leominster - as did several others around the time of time of her second sighting, which somewhat coincides with the clips captured on film.
'There was a huge UFO wave in 1967 in Central Mass,' Le Blanc in 2020 said.
'People were seeing UFOs over ponds and lakes and there was a lady in Fitchburg saying there are UFOs coming out of the reservoir.'
'When I started researching, I found out that Betty Andreasson had this thing happen down on Howard Street (in Leominster)', he added.
'During this time, this area was also getting a wave of Bigfoot sightings and reports from the state police.'
One such case surrounds a couple who saw a UFO over St. Leo's Cemetery in Leominster - a few miles north of Monsterland - in March 1967 and another in the '70s when another pair spotted a rectangular UFO with lights by a hillside in Ashburnham.
'They’re looking at this thing and they’re just dumbfounded how something so large could just be hovering silently there,' Le Blanc said of the Ashburnham incident.
'Flash of light and all of a sudden the UFO is gone and they look at each other and the wife notices that they have missing time, about 20 minutes.
'But, the other thing, now their car is on the opposite side of the road, like they were put back but in the wrong place.'
'This ball of light... this mental telepathy and these gray aliens, [there's] stuff happening in the forests in Westminster and South Ashburnham.'
One couple claim they saw a UFO over St. Leo's Cemetery in Leominster (seen here) in March 1967 - a few miles north of Monsterland. In the '70s another pair said they spotted a rectangular UFO with lights by a hillside in Ashburnham. Pictured Le Blanc at the cemetery
Another Leominster resident claimed that on January 25, 1967, she was abducted by aliens from her home about a dozen miles from 'Monsterland', some of which is seen here
In terms of an explanation, he said: 'There are a lot of different theories... but the reality is something is happening. People are seeing [the UFOs and Bigfoot]. They are leaving tracks.'
Several people claim that have encountered massive humanoid footprints on the footpath at the center of Monsterland, Old Mill Road near the Lancaster border where Walmart and other businesses sit.
One set of prints were found by Bill Penning and his wife, Julie, during an innocent hike in the nearby forest in June 2010.
Le Blanc helped the couple cast the prints two years later, in what may be the only physical evidence of the encounters countless are reporting
'People who have claimed to have a Bigfoot in their sights of the guns said they can’t pull the trigger because they looked too human,' he said, after the Pennings told him they found the prints after investigating sounds and movement coming from the forest.
He continued: 'I always found that fascinating and I feel like for something to be this elusive and so evasive this long, it has to be a more human than animal for it to do that.
Le Blanc added of the nature of the prints and the other sightings: 'This is something more alien, something more interdimensional.
'Ninety-nine percent of these could all be made up. But if you have that one that is legit, this whole thing is real.
'Then it's a game-changer and it's a paradigm shift on how we see the world and how we fit in it in this universe, really,' he concluded.
Le Blanc told CBS Boston: 'There are a lot of different theories... but the reality is something is happening. People are seeing [the UFOs and Bigfoot]. They are leaving tracks'
Le Blanc continued: 'I feel like for something to be this elusive and so evasive this long, it has to be a more human than animal for it to do that'
He added of the nature of the prints and the other sightings: 'This is something more alien, something more interdimensional.
The Pennings, meanwhile, recalled a distinctly eerie feeling after coming across the tracks that made them flee the area.
The sensation was described by the couple in a 2010 interview with the Leominster Champion.
'Where it was early spring there was a lot of brush and berries around us, but not a sound could be heard by anything, no birds, or other animals, just a weird feeling,' Julie told the local paper of how she was overcome.
Bill, meanwhile, recalled feeling disorientated, remembering how he and his wife felt the desperate urge to urge to get out of the woods instead of investigating further.
'I was kind of scared,' he conceded.
Their account is remarkably similar to one described by Le Blanc after a strange encounter behind a local elementary school that still haunts him to this day
While aged 12, he heard a strange sound in the forest Fallbrook Elementary School - near a bridge on Old Mill Road that still stands today.
'Before they put Samoset (Middle School) there, there was a bunch of tracks that would connect to Monsterland that would go to the sand dunes where people would go partying,' he said of the site, adding that there people had 'reported seeing strange things,' such as UFOs, shadow people, and, balls of light.
'There was one particular track I always used to avoid,' he continued. 'It always had a very dark, ominous feeling to it. It would be a beautiful day, and you look down this thing and it looked dark.'
One day, while biking along this trail, Le Blanc was astounded by the stark silence.
'I start going down this trail with my bike and I just could hear the bike squeaking,' he said. 'I noticed there are no other sounds in the forest. Nothing.'
At this point, Le Blanc recalled coming to a stop. Stuck with an uneasy feeling, he stayed silent and looked around.
'At that moment, something crashed through the woods right in front of me,' he continued.
'I could feel it reverberating in the soles of my feet. It was pushing trees and shrubs, went across the trail and onto the other side. But I couldn’t see anything. That’s what was disturbing.'
Le Blanc described a strange encounter while riding his bike on trail behind a local elementary school (seen here) on the edge of Monsterland that still haunts him to this day
Le Blanc said: 'Something crashed through the woods right in front of me. I could feel it reverberating in the soles of my feet. It was pushing trees and shrubs, went across the trail and onto the other side. But I couldn’t see anything. That’s what was disturbing'
Le Blanc compiled stories of the sightings and his research in 2016's Monsterland, seen here during CBS Boston's 2022 feature. He has urged others with similar experiences to come forward. He is still looking for concrete evidence to support residents' claims
Like the Pennings, he fled the area - and more than four decades later, he's still looking for answers.
He maintains that the Bigfoot sightings are linked to the UFOs, citing other sightings across the country that coincide with the unnatural orbs and sounds people are encountering in the forest.
The forest, meanwhile, has a history dating back to the Native Americans, and much of it to this day is officially uncharted.
He told the Telegram of his suspicions that the sightings - here and across the country - are connected.
'As you dig deeper into Bigfoot, you’re start talking about cloaking and the fact that they can vanish before people’s eyes,' he said
'These stories go back hundreds of years where all of a sudden a posse has this creature cornered and the tracks just disappear in open field, like something just came and picked it up and took it away
'All these stories start to intertwine. A lot of these people are talking about these similar encounters that I had'.
'It sounds crazy, like something in science fiction,' he added.
He went on: "Leominster people know what’s going on. People talk. But they also keep their mouths shut and don’t say sh*t either,"
'So, for me to write Monsterland, to actually come forward, was a little bit of a risk and gamble, in the sense people are going to think I’m crazy,' he said of his 2016 tome. 'Whatever.'
Bigfoot believers with similar experiences can contact Le Blanc anonymously on his website, www.ronnyleblanc.com, where he is still hunting evidence to support residents' mysterious claims.
Watch this amazing raw footage on a battlefield in Ukraine fighting back the Russian army. As they are scanning the area in infrared, they notice something odd, hovering over the battlefield in the distance. A UFO is seen on the screen of the computer user as he tries to identify this strange craft to know if it's a Russian enemy or not. Eventually he shrugs it off and calls it a UFO. This is undisputed proof that aliens are highly interested in battlefields and watch and record activities to gather information about the future events that will unfold.
Scott C. Waring
Source states:
This Exclusive footage was sent in by a unit we fundraise for over at UkraineFreedomNews. 406th battalion UAF captured some kind of UAP on their drone while surveilling the frontline.
Mysterie over spectaculaire supernova na 37 jaar eindelijk opgelost (met dank aan James Webb)
Mysterie over spectaculaire supernova na 37 jaar eindelijk opgelost (met dank aan James Webb)
Artikel door Kathleen Heylen
Op 23 februari 1987 ontdekten wetenschappers een supernova in de Grote Magelhaense Wolk, een van de meest nabije sterrenstelsels van onze eigen Melkweg. Een supernova is een gigantische ontploffing van een zware ster aan het einde van zijn leven. Daarbij wordt een enorme hoeveelheid licht uitgestraald. SN 1987A, zoals de supernova werd genoemd, was vanop de aarde zelfs met het blote oog zichtbaar.
En het was maandenlang waarneembaar vanop de aarde: de supernova straalde licht uit met de kracht van 100 miljoen zonnen. Het was de meest dichtstbijzijnde supernova die met het blote oog te zien was in meer dan 400 jaar. Maar vergis je niet, "meest dichtsbijzijnd" is in ruimtetermen nog altijd enorm ver. SN 1987A werd waargenomen op een afstand van 160.000 lichtjaar (één lichtjaar is de afstand die het licht overbrugt in één jaar tijd, red).
Lang voor de eigenlijke ontploffing hadden astronomen al details van de ster in kwestie beschreven. Het ging om een blauwe superreus. Superreuzen zijn de allergrootste en allerzwaarste sterren in het heelal, blauwe superreuzen zijn dan ook nog eens de warmste onder de superreuzen. Deze blauwe superreus had een massa die 20 keer groter was dan die van de zon.
Een van de meest bestudeerde objecten
SN 1987A werd een van de meest bestudeerde objecten in het heelal. Onder meer de beroemde ruimtetelescoop Hubble hielp wetenschappers in hun zoektocht naar hun antwoorden op vele vragen. Heel wat van de huidige astronomische kennis over het wat en hoe van supernova's is gebaseerd op onderzoek naar SN 1987A.
Een van die vragen was: wat rest er van de blauwe superreus na de ontploffing? Na een supernova blijft een klein en compact object over, maar wetenschappers konden bij SN 1987A niet achterhalen wat dat object dan precies was. De supernova was zo krachtig, de wolk van gas en stof zo groot, dat astronomen dat met de voorhanden zijnde instrumenten niet rechtstreeks konden bestuderen.
Beelden van SN 1987A die Hubble in februari 2000 kon vastleggen.
Volgens de huidige theorie ontploffen sterren wanneer ze niet genoeg "brandstof" meer over hebben om hen te doen schijnen. De massa van een ster wordt zo groot (een superreus) dat ze uiteindelijk onder druk van haar eigen zwaartekracht instort. En dan ontstaat ofwel een zwart gat, ofwel een neutronenster.
Een zwart gat is zo krachtig dat niets, zelfs licht niet, eruit kan ontsnappen. Ze kunnen ontstaan als reuzensterren in elkaar storten. Neutronensterren zijn de dode overblijfselen van de ingestorte kern van reuzensterren. Ze zijn de kleinste van alle sterren, maar hebben wel de hoogste dichtheid. Hoe zwaarder de massa van de ster, hoe groter de kans op een zwart gat.
Het onderscheid kunnen maken tussen zwarte gaten en neutronensterren is voor astronomen van belang, omdat bij supernova's chemische elementen vrijkomen zoals koolstof, zuurstof en ijzer. Die maken leven mogelijk. Dé vraag: wat bleef er over na de ontploffing van SN 1987A?
De wonderen van James Webb
Enter de James Webb-telescoop. Die werd op kerstdag 2021 gelanceerd. Met een diameter van 6,5 meter is hij de grootste en meest krachtige telescoop die de mens al de ruimte in gestuurd heeft. James Webb bevindt zich op 1,6 miljoen kilometer van de aarde. Vanaf daar speurt de telescoop naar exoplaneten en het licht van sterren dat al miljarden jaren onderweg is.
Sindsdien laat James Webb niet na om wetenschappers én het grote publiek te imponeren met adembenemende en betekenisvolle beelden van allerlei hoeken en kanten in ons universum. Hij biedt astronomen een schat aan materiaal waarmee ze hun kennis over het heelal kunnen bijstellen. Het zal waarschijnlijk niet verbazen dat het James Webb is die wetenschappers een stap dichter bij een antwoord rond het mysterie van SN 1987A heeft gebracht.
En het antwoord is...
Een internationaal onderzoeksteam geleid door de Zweedse astronoom Claes Fransson van de Universiteit van Stockholm bestudeerde beelden die James Webb maakte van het restant van SN 1987A en van de puinwolk errond. Met de MIRI (Mid-Infra Red Instrument) en de NIRSpec (Near Infra Red Spectrometer) kan James Webb zeer gedetailleerd infraroodstraling in het heelal vastleggen. Vóór James Webb was dat op die manier niet mogelijk.
Wat leverden de James Webb-beelden op? Eenvoudig gezegd: Fransson en zijn team konden in de kern van de explosie licht detecteren dat uitgezonden wordt door sterk geïoniseerde argon- en zwavelgassen. De aanwezigheid van die geïoniseerde gassen kan alleen maar verklaard worden als er een compacte, heldere bron van ultraviolette en röntgenstraling is. En een zwart gat kan daar niet de oorzaak van zijn.
Met andere woorden: het lijkt er heel sterk op dat wat overbleef na de ontploffing van de blauwe superreus in 1987, een neutronenster is.
In het centrum van de ontploffing detecteerden wetenschappers licht dat uitgezonden wordt door sterk geïoniseerd argon- en zwavelgas.
"Het is de eerste keer dat we in staat waren om de kern van de supernova te onderzoeken, en wat daar precies ontstaan is", zegt Claes Fransson. "We weten nu dat er een compacte bron van ioniserende straling aanwezig is, vermoedelijk door een neutronenster. We zijn hiernaar al aan het zoeken sinds de waarneming van de ontploffing in 1987, maar we moesten tot nu wachten om onze vermoedens te kunnen toetsen."
Aan het onderzoek werkten 34 wetenschappers uit 12 landen mee. Een van hen is Joris Blommaert van de Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group van de VUB. Hij werkt al sinds begin 2000 mee aan de ontwikkeling van MIRI, cruciaal bij dit onderzoek. "Dankzij onze bijdrage aan MIRI kregen we observatietijd op James Webb die eindelijk toeliet om sterke bewijzen te verzamelen voor het bestaan van de neutronenster", klinkt het in een persbericht.
James Webb kon met zijn MIRI en NIRSpec doordringen tot in het centrum van de supernova.
"Hoewel we al onrechtstreekse aanwijzingen hadden, heeft James Webb het eerste rechtstreekse bewijs geleverd dat er een neutronenster is", zegt professor Mike Barlow, fysicus en astronoom aan de Universiteit van Londen. "Het mysterie of er zich een neutronenster schuilhoudt in het stof heeft meer dan 30 jaar aangesleept. Het is opwindend dat we het nu hebben kunnen oplossen."
De komende jaren zullen wetenschappers SN 1987A blijven bestuderen om meer te weten te komen over de exacte details van de explosie. "Als we geluk hebben, krijgen we in de toekomst misschien een duidelijk beeld van de neutronenster zelf", zegt Fransson. Het zou een unieke gelegenheid zijn om een neutronenster van in zijn "babyjaren" op te volgen.
The history of water on Mars is a puzzle that is of interest to planetary scientists as well as the general public. The Red Planet currently has water in the form of ice at the poles, trace amounts of gas in the atmosphere, and an unknown amount beneath the surface as ground water, bound in minerals, and in ice. However, there is strong evidence that ancient Mars may have had long-lived streams, rivers, and lakes. There is still much to learn about what Mars was like and how it transformed over time. One approach is to study the inventory of water at different times. Now, NASA’s Perseverance rover has found hydrated magnesium sulfate (similar to Epsom salts) and dehydrated calcium sulfate that were formed by water flowing through cracks in volcanic rocks at the bottom of the 3.8-billion-year-old Jezero crater. These hydrated minerals trap water within themselves and record the history of how and when they formed. Returning samples of these minerals to Earth would allow researchers to explore the history of Mars’ water and climate, and possibly evidence of ancient life with the most sensitive instruments possible.
Jezero crater, Mars.
Image credit: NASA / Tim Goudge.
Planetary scientists suspect Mars once had long-lived rivers, lakes and streams.
Today, water on Mars is found in ice at the poles and trapped below the Martian surface.
In new research, University of Cincinnati’s Dr. Andy Czaja and his colleagues revealed that the planet also may have had hydrothermal systems based on the hydrated magnesium sulfate the rover identified in the volcanic rocks.
“When those rocks cool off and fracture, they become a habitable environment for life,” Dr. Czaja said.
“We have not found any definitive evidence of life in these deposits yet. But if there were fossil microorganisms trapped in the rocks, they would be too small to see with the rover.”
“These hydrated minerals trap water within themselves and record the history of how and when they formed.”
“Returning samples of these minerals to Earth would allow researchers to explore the history of Mars’ water and climate and possibly evidence of ancient life with the most sensitive instruments possible.”
Perseverance began its deliberate exploration from the floor of the crater to the front of the delta, formed by an ancient river or drainage channel where it encountered sedimentary rocks that often contain trapped minerals and another avenue for evidence of ancient life.
And last year the rover made it to the crater’s margin in what used to be an enormous lake where it is exploring deposits of magnesium carbonate, which can form geologically or biologically from bacteria.
“The decision to send Perseverance to Jezero crater appears to be paying off,” Dr. Czaja said.
“There were other places we could have gone that might have been just as good.”
“You won’t know until you explore them all. But Jezero was picked for good reason and it has been completely justified.”
Next the rover will make its way out of Jezero crater to explore the wider area.
“We are likely to find rocks dating back 4 billion years or more,” Dr. Czaja said.
“And Mars could harbor stromatolites or rocks that contain evidence of ancient layered mats of bacteria visible to the naked eye.”
“On Earth, these rocks are sometimes found in extreme environments such as geyser basins.”
“I hope that Perseverance has just whetted our appetite for more Martian exploration.”
“And bringing back samples will allow us to study Mars and search for evidence of ancient life with instruments that haven’t even been invented yet for years and years to come.”
The results were published in the January 2024 issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets.
Sandra Siljeström et al. Evidence of Sulfate-Rich Fluid Alteration in Jezero Crater Floor, Mars. JGR: Planets 129 (1): e2023JE007989; doi: 10.1029/2023JE00798
Townsend Brown: The Unsung Inventor Behind CIA’s UFO Projects
Townsend Brown: The Unsung Inventor Behind CIA’s UFO Projects
In the annals of American history, tales of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) and their secretive builders have long captivated the imagination of the public. Among these stories, the account of Bob Lazar stands out as one of the most famous and controversial. Lazar claimed to have worked on reverse engineering alien spacecraft at a secret site near Area 51. However, the narrative of UFO development in the United States encompasses more than just Lazar’s revelations. There exists a lesser-known but equally fascinating figure: Townsend Brown, an inventor whose groundbreaking work in
the mid-20th century may have significantly contributed to the U.S. government’s understanding and potential development of UFO-like technology.Townsend Brown’s journey into the realm of advanced propulsion began not with extraterrestrial artifacts but with the pursuit of a scientific holy grail: unifying the forces of electromagnetism and gravity. Unlike Lazar, whose story is filled with claims of alien technology, Brown’s work was grounded in experimental physics. He explored the potential of high-voltage electrostatic charges to produce propulsion, a concept that might explain the physics-defying maneuvers reported by witnesses of UFOs.
Brown’s most notable contribution to the field was the development of the Biefeld-Brown effect, an anomalous propulsion phenomenon observed when electric charge is applied to asymmetric capacitors in a vacuum. This effect, which seemed to allow objects to levitate or move without conventional propulsion, suggested a potential method for creating craft capable of extraordinary flight capabilities. Brown’s experiments, conducted from the 1920s onward, attracted the attention of both the U.S. Navy and the newly formed CIA, who were interested in any technology that could offer a strategic advantage during the Cold War.
Despite the groundbreaking nature of his work, Townsend Brown remained a relatively obscure figure in the history of American aerospace. His contributions were overshadowed by disinformation campaigns and the classified nature of his research. The government’s interest in his inventions was evident, as evidenced by his coordination with key figures in the American intelligence and scientific communities, including William Stephenson (Churchill’s super spy) and Edward Teller (the father of the hydrogen bomb). Brown’s involvement in projects with these high-profile individuals hints at the significance of his work and its potential applications in classified aerospace project
VIDEO:
The Man Who Built UFOs For The CIA (Not Bob Lazar)
One of the most compelling aspects of Townsend Brown’s story is the mystery surrounding the practical application of his research. While public records and acknowledged inventions, like the Ionic Breeze air purifier, are relatively mundane, rumors persist that his more revolutionary work in electrogravitics was absorbed into black aerospace programs. Such programs, beyond the reach of public scrutiny, could potentially explain the advanced propulsion capabilities attributed to UFOs observed by military pilots and civilians alike.
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The notion that Townsend Brown might have experimentally discovered a link between electromagnetism and gravity opens up intriguing possibilities. It suggests a paradigm shift in our understanding of physics and propulsion, one that could have profound implications for aerospace engineering and our conceptualization of interstellar travel. If Brown’s theories and experiments were indeed incorporated into secret aerospace projects, it could mean that the foundation for UFO-like technology has existed for decades, hidden not in alien wreckage but in the work of a visionary American inventor.
In the shadow of more sensational stories like Bob Lazar’s, Townsend Brown’s contributions to the field of unconventional propulsion and his potential role in the development of UFO technology for the CIA deserve a closer examination. His life and work represent a fascinating chapter in the secret history of American innovation, one that challenges our understanding of the boundaries between science fiction and scientific fact.
Mysteries Beneath the Ice: The Enigmatic Secrets of Antarctica and Its UFO Connections
Mysteries Beneath the Ice: The Enigmatic Secrets of Antarctica and Its UFO Connections
Antarctica, the coldest, driest, and windiest continent on Earth, has long been a source of fascination and mystery. Its icy expanses have captured the imagination of scientists, explorers, and enthusiasts of the unexplained alike. Among the most intriguing aspects of this remote wilderness are the persistent rumors and theories connecting it to unidentified flying objects (UFOs) and extraterrestrial visitors. This article delves into the enigmaticsecrets of Antarctica, exploring its connection to UFOs and aliens, and separating the tantalizing myths from the compelling facts.
Historical Context and Early Explorations
Antarctica’s isolation and extreme environment have made it a challenging yet rewarding destination for explorers. The continent’s exploration history is filled with tales of hardship and discovery, laying the groundwork for modern scientific research. However, it is the continent’s lesser-known stories and alleged findings that often capture public interest, particularly those suggesting ancient civilizations or alien activity beneath the ice.
Speculative Theories and Anecdotal Accounts
Among the most captivating theories are those that propose the existence of ancient, advanced civilizations buried under miles of ice. Proponents of these ideas often cite mysterious maps, like the Piri Reis map of 1513, which some claim shows Antarctica free of ice, suggesting ancient knowledge of the continent. Additionally, stories of crashed UFOs and secret Nazi bases have woven a complex tapestry of unverified claims around Antarctica.
Anecdotal accounts from individuals claiming to have witnessed unusual activity or structures in Antarctica add to the mystery. These stories range from encounters with unidentified aerial phenomena to discoveries of alien technology and hidden bases under the ice. While these accounts are compelling, they often lack verifiable evidence and are primarily shared through documentaries and interviews with anonymous sources.
The Scientific Perspective and Environmental Concerns
From a scientific standpoint, Antarctica is a treasure trove of information about Earth’s past climate, biodiversity, and glacial history. Researchers conduct extensive studies on its ice cores, marine life, and geological formations, contributing valuable data to our understanding of climate change and environmental conservation. The continent’s role in global climate patterns and sea-level rise underscores the importance of scientific research over speculative theories.
The environmental changes affecting Antarctica, including ice melt and ecosystem disruption, are of significant concern to scientists. These changes offer a real, observable mystery concerning the future of the continent and its global impact. As the ice recedes, previously inaccessible areas may reveal new discoveries, though likely of a geological or biological nature rather than the remnants of lost civilizations or alien outposts.
UFOs, Aliens, and Official Responses
The connection between UFOs, aliens, and Antarctica is primarily fueled by popular culture and anecdotal tales rather than concrete evidence. Official responses to these theories are scarce, as government and scientific bodies focus on tangible research and exploration efforts. The Antarctic Treaty System, which governs the continent’s use for peaceful purposes and scientific research, restricts military activity and ensures the protection of the environment, further complicating the notion of secret alien bases or covert operations.
VIDEO:
The Why Files – Mysteries Beneath the Ice: The Secrets of Antarctica
Antarctica remains one of the world’s most mysterious and unexplored regions, a true final frontier on Earth. While speculative theories about UFOs, aliens, and ancient civilizations capture the imagination, the real mysteries of Antarctica are being uncovered by scientists dedicated to understanding our planet. The continent’s harsh, pristine environment offers a unique window into Earth’s past and present, holding lessons that are crucial for our future. As we continue to explore and study this enigmatic continent, we may find that the most extraordinary discoveries lie not in the realm of science fiction but in the reality of our natural world.
Sunken ruins of a 11,000-year-old megastructure found in the Baltic Sea
Sunken ruins of a 11,000-year-old megastructure found in the Baltic Sea
A remarkable slice of ancient history has been unearthed beneath the depths of the Baltic Sea, marking a significant milestone in archaeological exploration. This groundbreaking discovery was serendipitously made in Germany’s Bay of Mecklenburg, during a routine student expedition.
Located approximately 10 kilometers (six miles) offshore, the team of researchers stumbled upon an intriguing anomaly using their multi-beam sonar system.
What they found was a sprawling, enigmatic wall extending nearly a kilometer along the seabed, nestled at a depth of 21 meters (69 feet). Detailed analysis has revealed that this colossal structure dates back over 10,000 years, potentially making it the oldest known megastructure built by ancient Europeans.
Comprising approximately 1,670 individual stones meticulously arranged to connect some 300 larger boulders, the structure hints at a deliberate construction, suggesting a specific purpose conceived millennia before being submerged beneath the sea.
Led by geophysicist Jacob Geerson from Kiel University, the research team has dubbed the discovery the "Blinker wall." They propose that it was likely built by Stone Age hunter-gatherers near a lake or marsh, serving as one of the earliest documented man-made hunting structures in history and ranking among Europe's largest Stone Age constructions.
Over millennia, Earth's geography has undergone profound transformations due to sea level fluctuations, erosion, and geological shifts, submerging countless ancient settlements beneath the waves and concealing their secrets. However, advancements in technology continue to unveil these submerged relics, offering invaluable insights into our ancestors' way of life.
While the precise function of the Blinker wall remains elusive, experts speculate it might have functioned as a hunting aid, possibly guiding reindeer herds. The construction's strategic layout suggests the intentional creation of bottlenecks to corral animals, with the potential presence of a second adjacent wall hinted at by the researchers.
Detailed examination of the structure's dimensions, composition, and alignment strongly indicates human involvement, ruling out natural formation. The team's analysis posits the Blinker wall's construction over 10,000 years ago, with submersion occurring around 8,500 years ago.
The significance of the Blinker wall extends beyond its age, promising valuable insights into the socioeconomic complexities of ancient hunter-gatherer societies in the region, illuminating their way of life and interaction with the environment.
The Baltic Sea is full off ancient mysteries, not only the discovery of the ruins of the 11,000-year-old megastructure but also the discovery in June 2011 by Swedish OceanX diving team of an enigmatic anomaly displaying unconventional characteristics sparking speculation that it could be a submerged UFO. Despite the explanation behind the Blinker wall, the UFO-like anomaly continues to baffle experts, shrouded in mystery to this day.
Amerikaanse maanlander Odysseus ligt allicht op zijn zij,
Amerikaanse maanlander Odysseus ligt allicht op zijn zij, "maar hij is stabiel en communiceert met de aarde"
Artikel door Kathleen Heylen
De maanlander Nova-C, bijgenaamd Odysseus, werd op 15 februari gelanceerd richting de maan met een Falcon 9-raket van SpaceX, het ruimtevaartbedrijf van Elon Musk. De landing was gepland voor 22 februari. Het werd nog erg spannend, omdat het navigatiesysteem van de Odysseus in de laatste uren voor de landing begon te haperen. Maar het controlecentrum in Houston, Texas, kon uiteindelijk meedelen dat delanding geslaagd was.
Groot nieuws, want de Odysseus is het eerste Amerikaanse ruimtetuig op de maan in 52 jaar. Bovendien is het de eerste lander ooit van een commercieel bedrijf die succesvol kon landen op het maanoppervlak. Het toestel kwam neer bij een krater in de buurt van de zuidpool van de maan, de geplande landingsplaats.
Maar nu blijkt uit de eerste gegevens van de lander dat een en ander toch niet helemaal volgens plan verlopen is.
Vermoedelijk blijven haken op het maanoppervlak
Intuitive Machines, het bedrijf dat de Odysseus heeft ontworpen en gebouwd, zegt dat de lander waarschijnlijk op zijn zij is beland. "Hij is hoogstwaarschijnlijk tijdens de laatste fase van de landing omgevallen", zei CEO Steve Altemus op een persconferentie. Volgens hem lijkt het erop dat een van de zes "poten" van de lander bij de afdaling waarschijnlijk is blijven haken op het maanoppervlak. Daardoor is het tuig gekanteld en tot stilstand gekomen tegen een rotsblok.
In eerste instantie leek het er nochtans wel op dat de Odysseus rechtop was geland. Volgens Steve Altemus bleek dat echter gebaseerd op data van net voor de landing.
Topman Steve Altemus toont wat er vermoedelijk is gebeurd tijdens de afdaling en de landing van de Odysseus.
Intuitive Machines zegt wel dat de lander stabiel is en met de aarde communiceert. Hij is ook nog steeds in staat om energie op te wekken uit zijn zonnepanelen en dus te werken. Hij is ook volledig opgeladen.
Het team verwacht dit weekend foto's binnen te krijgen. Die kunnen meer duidelijkheid geven over de exacte positie van de Odysseus. Op basis daarvan "kunnen we daadwerkelijk een beoordeling maken van de structuur en de staat van de externe apparatuur", zegt Altemus.
Mogelijk zit het deel van Odysseus met wetenschappelijke instrumenten aan "de goede kant", waardoor het geplande wetenschappelijke onderzoek met de lander wel gewoon zou kunnen doorgaan.
Contracten met de NASA
Het was al de vierde keer dat een commercieel bedrijf probeerde "zacht" te landen op de maan, en de eerste keer dat het succesvol was. Eerdere pogingen van het Israëlische bedrijf SpaceIL, het Japanse iSpace en het Amerikaanse Astrobotic Technology mislukten.
De Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA heeft met het oog op latere onbemande en bemande maanmissies commerciële aanbestedingen uitgeschreven voor de bouw van maanlanders. Enkele Amerikaanse bedrijven, waaronder Intuitive Machines, sleepten zo'n contract in de wacht.
De NASA stuurt wetenschappelijke en technologische experimenten mee met de commeriële maanlanders. De Odysseus heeft zes van die experimenten aan boord.
Intuitive Machines deelde afgelopen nacht een foto van de maan, gemaakt door de Odysseus, kort voor de landing. Het tuig bevond zich op ongeveer 10 kilometer boven het maanoppervlak.
A New, More Accurate Measurement for the Clumpiness of the Universe
Clusters of galaxies as observed by the eROSITA instrument. The idea is to determine the clumpiness (or distribution) of matter in the Universe. Colors indicate the redshift of the clusters, up to about 9 billion years of lookback time. Credit: MPE, J. Sanders for the eROSITA consortium.
A New, More Accurate Measurement for the Clumpiness of the Universe
Cosmologists are wrestling with an interesting question: how much clumpiness does the Universe have? There are competing but not compatible measurements of cosmic clumpiness and that introduces a “tension” between the differing measurements. It involves the amount and distribution of matter in the Universe. However, dark energy and neutrinos are also in the mix. Now, results from a recent large X-ray survey of galaxy clusters may help “ease the tension”.
The eROSITA X-ray instrument orbiting beyond Earth performed an extensive sky survey of galaxy clusters to measure matter distribution (clumpiness) in the Universe. Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics recently shared their analysis of its cosmologically important data.
“eROSITA has now brought cluster evolution measurement as a tool for precision cosmology to the next level,” said Dr. Esra Bulbul (MPE), the lead scientist for eROSITA’s clusters and cosmology team. “The cosmological parameters that we measure from galaxy clusters are consistent with state-of-the-art cosmic microwave background, showing that the same cosmological model holds from soon after the Big Bang to today.”
eROSITA, the Standard Cosmological Model, and Clumpiness
To get a better feel for what this means, let’s look at what the team is trying to confirm. The idea is to figure out just what the Universe has been like through time. That means understanding matter, its distribution (or clumpiness), and what role dark matter and dark energy have played. It all began just after the Big Bang when the Universe was in a hot, dense state. The only things existing were photons and particles. The Universe expanded and began to condense into regions of higher density. Think of these as density variations, or areas of more or less clumpiness in the primordial soup. As things cooled and expanded, the denser clumps in the soup became galaxies and eventually galaxy clusters. The clumpiness was smoother (or “isotropic”) than expected. That raises questions about the role of dark matter and dark energy, among other things.
eROSITA’s observations of galaxy clusters and distribution of matter showed several interesting results. First, both dark matter and visible matter (baryonic matter), make up about 29 percent of the total energy density of the Universe. Presumably, the rest consists of dark energy, which we don’t know much about, yet. Energy density is the amount of energy stored in a region of space as a function of volume. In cosmology, it also includes any mass in that volume of space.
This plot shows the constraints put on the total matter density in the Universe and the S8 “tension”. Constraints from eROSITA galaxy clusters are in orange, from the Cosmic Microwave Background (Planck) in blue, from weak lensing (DES+KiDS) in grey, and from cluster number counts (SPT) in black. Credit: MPE, V. Ghirardini for the eROSITA consortium
The measurement of energy density agrees with measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation—also known as the CMB. Think of that as a map of the density variations in the early Universe. It’s made up of microwave radiation that permeates the Universe. That radiation is not completely smooth or uniform. That’s the variability in density that eventually became the seeds of the first galaxies.
Measuring Clumpiness
eROSITA’s goal is to measure the assembly of galaxy clusters over cosmic time. By tracing their evolution via the X-rays emitted by hot gas, the instrument traced both the total amount of matter in the Universe and its clumpiness. Those measurements solve the “tension” or discrepancy between past clumpiness measurements that used different techniques. Those included the CMB and observations of weak gravitational lensing.
A computer simulation of what gas and stars in a galaxy cluster look like, and how they look embedded in the cosmic web. The assembly of galaxy clusters has implications for the clumpiness of the Universe throughout time. Credit: Yannick Bahé.
The eROSITA data shows the distribution of matter is actually in good agreement with previous measurements of the CMB. That’s good news because cosmologists were afraid they’d have to invoke “new physics” to explain the tension between measurements. “eROSITA tells us that the Universe behaved as expected throughout cosmic history,” says Dr. Vittorio Ghirardini, the postdoctoral researcher at MPE who led cosmology study. “There’s no tension with the CMB. Maybe the cosmologists can relax a bit now.”
But Wait, There are Neutrinos to Worry About!
Interestingly, the eROSITA measurements of galaxy clusters and other large structures also provide information about neutrinos. They’re the most abundant particles with mass that we know of in the Universe. They come from the Sun and supernovae (for example), but also originated in the Big Bang. eROSITA’s survey offers new information about the mass of neutrinos and their prevalence. “We have obtained tight constraints on the mass of the lightest known particles from the abundance of the largest objects in the Universe,” said Ghirardini.
Computer simulations show how neutrinos can form cosmic clumpiness. Credit: Yoshikawa, Kohji, et al
Neutrinos may be small and tough to “see”, but they have mass that contributes to the total density of matter in the Universe. Cosmologists describe them as “hot”, which means they travel at nearly the speed of light. Therefore, they tend to smooth out the distribution of matter—which can be probed by analyzing the evolution of galaxy clusters in the Universe. And, there’s a good chance that eROSITA may help solve the mystery of neutrino mass. “We are even on the brink of a breakthrough to measure the total mass of neutrinos when combined with ground-based neutrino experiments,” added Ghirardini.
How eROSITA Did It
There’s a lot more to explore in the eROSITA data, but it’s also fascinating to look at the extent of the survey data. It comprises one of the most extensive catalogs of clusters of galaxies done so far. The so-called “Western Galactic half” of the all-sky survey contains 12,247 optically identified X-ray galaxy clusters. “Of these, 8,361 represent new discoveries – almost 70%,” said Matthias Kluge, a postdoctoral researcher at MPE who is responsible for the optical identification of the detected clusters. “This shows the huge discovery potential of eROSITA.”
All that data can be charted in three dimensions, and when scientists do that, galaxy clusters show up as intersections of the cosmic web. In addition, there’s a supercluster catalog, which also shows connected clusters and the filaments of matter between them. “We find more than 1,300 supercluster systems, which makes this the largest-ever X-ray supercluster sample,” said Ang Liu, a postdoctoral researcher at MPE.
This new look at clumpiness in the Universe comes from the first release of data from eROSITA. The instrument completed additional surveys in early 2022. Once those data are analyzed, astronomers expect to be probing even deeper into the distribution of matter in the Universe and testing their models against reality. “When the full data are analyzed,” said Esra Bulbul, “eROSITA will again put our cosmological models to the most stringent test ever conducted through a cluster survey.”
The Dulce Base theory posits the existence of a multi-level underground complex, allegedly situated under Archuleta Mesa near the town of Dulce, New Mexico. According to conspiracy theorists, this facility is not just a military installation but a joint human-alien endeavor. The roots of this extraordinary claim trace back to individuals like Phil Schneider, a former government geologist and engineer, who came forward with sensational details about his experiences at Dulce.
Schneider’s accounts of battles between humans and aliens, advanced technology beyond our comprehension, and hidden agendas have fueled the fire of speculation. He claimed to have encountered extraterrestrial beings and to have suffered injuries in a skirmish, purportedly confirming the presence of non-human entities deep beneath the earth.
The Alleged American Government Connection
What makes the Dulce Base narrative particularly compelling is its implication of an extensive government cover-up. Theories suggest that the U.S. government, along with other global powers, has been engaging with extraterrestrial intelligence for decades, entering into secret treaties and exchanges that have remained hidden from the public eye. The purported objective of such collaborations ranges from technological advancement to strategic military alliances, and even to darker agendas involving human experiments.
Critics of the official government narrative argue that the existence of such a facility, if proven true, would signify a profound and unsettling level of secrecy maintained by the government. It raises questions about the extent of governmental transparency, the ethical boundaries of covert operations, and the potential for abuses of power under the guise of national security.
Skepticism and Scrutiny
Despite the compelling nature of the Dulce Base stories, there remains a significant lack of concrete evidence to substantiate the claims. Skeptics point out that many of the assertions rely heavily on anecdotal evidence, unverifiable personal testimonies, and speculative leaps. The scientific community, for the most part, dismisses the Dulce Base theories as unfounded conspiracy theories lacking in empirical support.
However, the persistence of the Dulce Base narrative within popular culture and conspiracy theory circles reflects a deeper, widespread fascination with the unknown and a profound distrust of governmental institutions. It underscores a collective appetite for exploring alternative explanations for the mysteries that surround us, as well as a suspicion of the narratives presented by authorities.
VIDEO:
The Shocking TRUTH Inside Dulce Base and the American Government Connection
The story of the Dulce Base intertwines elements of science fiction, political intrigue, and speculative conspiracy, creating a perplexing puzzle that captivates the imagination. While definitive proof of its existence and the extent of any government involvement remains elusive, the Dulce Base has secured its place in the annals of conspiracy theory lore. It serves as a powerful reminder of the human desire for knowledge, the fear of the unknown, and the ever-present question of what lies beyond the boundaries of our understanding. Whether myth or reality, the tale of the Dulce Base challenges us to question, to wonder, and to seek the truth, however shocking it may be.
Ontdek de verborgen kanten van deze bekende dieren, verschijnselen en objecten In ons dagelijks leven beoordelen we dieren, zaken en objecten vaak op hoe ze er (op het eerste gezicht) uit zien, zonder er al te veel over na te denken. Het is echter belangrijk om te onthouden dat wanneer we iets vanuit een ander perspectief bekijken ons beeld dat we erbij hebben volledig kan veranderen.
Neem even de tijd om je te vergapen aan deze fascinerende foto's die er ongetwijfeld voor zullen zorgen dat je op een andere manier naar de werkelijkheid kijkt. Klik verder om te beginnen.
De stenen hoofden op Paaseiland Vaak wordt gedacht dat de stenen hoofden op Paaseiland alleen hoofden zijn. Het blijkt echter dat het gewoon lichamen zijn die deels onder de grond zitten!
De donkere kant van de maan Vanuit dit perspectief lijkt het alsof de achterkant van de maan de grote, donkere basaltvlaktes mist die we aan de kant die we vanuit de aarde kunnen zien meteen herkennen.
Baby-flamingo's Baby-flamingo's zijn als ze geboren worden niet roze. Ze krijgen felrode melk uit het bovenste deel van het spijsverteringskanaal van hun ouders en hun veren worden roze naarmate ze ouder worden.
De gele pitjes in aardbeien Een aardbei is eigenlijk geen vrucht, maar een opgezwollen weefsel van de bloembodem. De kleine gele zaadjes die het bevat zijn de 'werkelijke' vruchten.
De onderkant van leliebladeren Onder het blad van een waterlelie loopt een netwerk van stengels en buizen die verbonden is met openingen aan de bovenkant van het blad. Via dit netwerk kan het blad zuurstof opnemen en doorgeven.
De binnenkant van de toren van Pisa Van binnenuit lijkt het niet alsof hij scheef staat, toch? Daarom worden de meeste foto's van de buitenkant genomen!
De top van de Mount Everest In plaats van dat het een prachtig, vredig beeld biedt in het blauw en wit, is de top van de Mount Everest nu bedekt met vlaggen.
De echte 'Baby Driver' Spoiler alert! Hoewel het voor degenen die de film 'Baby Driver' gezien hebben misschien leek alsof er echt een auto bestuurd werd, was het niet de acteur Ansel Elgort die dat deed. Het was namelijk een stuntman die het voertuig bediende vanuit een soort cabine die er bovenop was geplaatst, terwijl de acteurs werden gefilmd.
De maanopkomst gezien vanuit de ruimte Dit is wat je ziet als je aan boord van een spaceshuttle bent, 285 km boven de aarde, op het moment dat de zon onder gaat en de maan tevoorschijn komt. De bruine laag die je ziet is de tropopauze, die de grens vormt tussen de troposfeer en de stratosfeer. Het lijkt net alsof het universum een 'niet storen'-bordje heeft neergezet!
De onverwachte fans van 'My Little Pony' Hoewel de tv-serie op jonge meisjes is gericht, komen elk jaar ongeveer 10.000 mannen tussen de 18 en 30 jaar samen op BronyCon om zich te verkleden als hun favoriete personages en om te genieten van een sfeer van vriendelijkheid, acceptatie en liefde!
Het werkelijke licht van een vuurtoren De Fresnel-lens wordt vaak in vuurtorens gebruikt omdat deze schuin licht opvangt en daardoor vanaf een grotere afstand zichtbaar is.
IJshaar Dit bijzondere verschijnsel, dat aan suikerspin doet denken, groeit op dood hout aan de hand van schimmels. Hierbij ontstaat er een zachte, harige ijsstructuur dat 's nachts tevoorschijn komt en weer verdwijnt als het wordt blootgesteld aan licht.
Een poollicht gezien vanuit de ruimte Poollichten zijn fascinerende natuurverschijnselen van groen licht in de bovenste lagen van de aardatmosfeer. Ze worden gevormd door een een samenspel tussen geladen deeltjes en het magnetische veld van de aarde. Hier bevinden ze zich boven de poolgebieden van onze planeet.
Een doorzichtige huid De glaskikker komt in de Zuid-Amerikaanse regenwouden voor. Tot op de dag van vandaag weten wetenschappers nog steeds niet waarom ze een volledig doorzichtige huid hebben gekregen. Je kunt echt echt letterlijk alles zien...
Hoe bakstenen worden gelegd Dit is een machine die bakstenen aanlegt om straten te maken en veel mensen weten misschien niet eens dat deze uit ons eigen land komt! In andere landen vragen mensen zich af waarom niet iedereen dit zo doet...
De roofdieren met de grootste tanden hebben ze maar aan één kant Wist je dat potvissen (haast) geen tanden in hun bovenkaak hebben? Ze hebben alleen (zichtbare) tanden in de onderste holtes. Het zijn geen grote bijters, maar ze kunnen wel reuzeninktvissen naar binnen slurpen.
Een schelp van agaat Agaat is een soort mineraal, maar hier is de stof in de holtes van een schelp gegroeid en is de schelp omgevormd tot deze prachtige steen.
Duizenden jaren in één foto De Ierse Dún Briste is een 45 meter hoge brandingspilaar die duizenden jaren oud is, zoals je kunt zien aan de bijzondere strepen. Bovenop liggen er nog steeds overblijfselen van oude huizen!
Het puntje van de staart van een olifant Als we aan een olifant denken, zien de meesten van ons dit multifunctionele deel van zijn lichaam over het hoofd. Het wordt gebruikt om te communiceren, zich te oriënteren en ook om vervelende vliegen weg te slaan.
Een albino-wasbeer Wasberen lijken doorgaans met hun zwart-witte uiterlijk op een inbreker, maar albino-wasberen zijn net gloeiende neonreclames met de tekst: 'Op heterdaad betrapt'!
Voetafdrukken van dinosaurussen Deze voetafdrukken van theropoden (soort dinosaurussen), die werden ontdekt in Thailand en de Verenigde Staten, zijn meer dan 100 miljoen jaar oud. Veel mensen vergeten dat dinosaurussen niet alleen in 'Jurassic Park' voorkwamen.
Een winkelcentrum na Black Friday Verlaten winkelcentra zien er behoorlijk angstaanjagend uit zonder het bizarre koopgedrag van klanten... of is het juist andersom?
Kuiper Belt May Be Much Larger than Previously Estimated
Kuiper Belt May Be Much Larger than Previously Estimated
Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) are thought to be the dominant source of interplanetary dust particles in the outer Solar System due to both collisions between KBOs and their continual bombardment by interstellar dust particles. New measurements by NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft show higher than model-predicted levels of interstellar dust as the spacecraft approaches the putative outer edge of theKuiper Belt.
Beyond Neptune, there is a large disk of small objects, called the KuiperBelt and beyond that is the Oort Cloud, home of the comets. This artwork shows a section of Kuiper Belt, crowded with the icy cores of potential comets.
Image credit: M. Kornmesser / ESO.
Interplanetary dust particles carry information about the birth and evolution of planetary bodies within our Solar System.
The orbital distribution of these dust particles is driven by the forces of gravity from the Sun and planets, radiation pressure etc. Additionally, the size and mass of individual particles are constantly evolving due to sputtering and mutual collisions.
While Jupiter-family comets and asteroids dominate the production of interplanetary dust particles in the inner Solar System, the Kuiper Belt is the dominant source of the particles in the outer Solar System from either mutual KBO collisions or interstellar dust bombardment.
The readings contribute to a growing body of evidence that suggests the outer edge of the main Kuiper Belt could extend billions of km farther than current estimates — or that there could even be a second belt beyond the one we already know.
“New Horizons is making the first direct measurements of interplanetary dust far beyond Neptune and Pluto, so every observation could lead to a discovery,” said lead author Alex Doner, a graduate student at the University of Colorado Boulder who serves as SDC lead.
“The idea that we might have detected an extended Kuiper Belt — with a whole new population of objects colliding and producing more dust — offers another clue in solving the mysteries of the Solar System’s most distant regions.”
The SDC instrument has detected microscopic dust grains produced by collisions among asteroids, comets and Kuiper Belt objects all along New Horizons’ 18-year journey across our Solar System — which after launch in 2006 included historic flybys of Pluto in 2015 and Arrokoth in 2019.
The first science instrument on a NASA planetary mission to be designed, built and ‘flown’ by students, the SDC counts and measures the sizes of dust particles, producing information on the collision rates of such bodies in the outer Solar System.
The latest, surprising results were compiled over three years as New Horizons traveled from 45 to 55 AU from the Sun.
These readings come as New Horizons scientists, using observatories like the Japanese Subaru Telescope in Hawaii, have also discovered a number KBOs far beyond the traditional outer edge of the Kuiper Belt.
This outer edge — where the density of objects starts to decline — was thought to be at about 50 AU, but new evidence suggests the belt may extend to 80 AU, or farther.
“As telescope observations continue, scientists are looking at other possible reasons for the high SDC dust readings,” Doner said.
“One possibility, perhaps less likely, is radiation pressure and other factors pushing dust created in the inner Kuiper Belt out past 50 AU.”
“New Horizons could also have encountered shorter-lived ice particles that cannot reach the inner parts of the Solar System and were not yet accounted for in the current models of the Kuiper Belt.”
“These new scientific results from New Horizons may be the first time that any spacecraft has discovered a new population of bodies in our Solar System,” said New Horizons principal investigator Dr. Alan Stern, a researcher at the Southwest Research Institute.
“I can’t wait to see how much farther out these elevated Kuiper Belt dust levels go.”
Now into its second extended mission, New Horizons is expected to have sufficient propellant and power to operate through the 2040s, at distances beyond 100 AU from the Sun.
That far out, the SDC could potentially even record the spacecraft’s transition into a region where interstellar particles dominate the dust environment.
With complementary telescopic observations of the Kuiper Belt from Earth, New Horizons, as the only spacecraft operating in and collecting new information about the Kuiper Belt, has a unique opportunity to learn more about KBOs, dust sources and expanse of the belt, and interstellar dust and the dust disks around other stars.
“Ongoing SDC measurements at even larger heliocentric distances will continue to constrain the contributions of dust production in the Kuiper Belt,” the authors said.
“Continued SDC measurements remain crucial for understanding the Kuiper Belt and the interpretation of dust disks around other stars.”
Their paper appears in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.
Alex Doner et al. 2024. New Horizons Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter Observes Higher than Expected Fluxes Approaching 60 AU. ApJL 961, L38; doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad18b0
Listen to this pilot describing a UFO while looking at the UFO, telling an aircraft tower in Boston. Its amazing! The UFO makes a hard right angle turn and flashes at the plane several times. Awesome firsthand recording of the UFO sighting. He said its orange...the UFO is orange...I have read so many UFO reports telling of a orange glowing craft...I think the number of reports I saw was about 300+ including those in the MJ12 reports. This is 100% proof aliens are trying to make themselves known to the public, without the US gov consent.
Scientists Track How a Giant Wave Moved Through Our Galactic Backyard
This illustration shows how the Radcliffe Wave moves through the backyard of our sun (shown as a yellow dot). The white line represents the wave's current shape and motion. Magenta and green lines show how the wave is expected to move over time. (Credit: Ralf Konietzka, Alyssa Goodman and WorldWide Telescope via CfA)
Scientists Track How a Giant Wave Moved Through Our Galactic Backyard
Astronomers say there’s a wave rippling through our galactic neighborhood that’s playing a part in the birth and death of stars — and perhaps in Earth’s history as well.
“Similar to how fans in a stadium are being pulled back to their seats by the Earth’s gravity, the Radcliffe Wave oscillates due to the gravity of the Milky Way,” study lead author Ralf Konietzka, a researcher at Harvard and the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, or CfA, said in a news release.
The wave — which is named in honor of Harvard Radcliffe Institute, where the undulation was discovered — consists of a string of star clusters spread out over a stretch of the Milky Way measuring about 9,000 light-years in length.
Astronomers reported in 2020 that they identified the wavy pattern by correlating the 3-D locations of the clusters in data from the European Space Agency’s Gaia space telescope, plus observations of dust and gas clouds in the same region.
“It’s the largest coherent structure that we know of, and it’s really, really close to us,” said study co-author Catherine Zucker, an astrophysicist with the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory at the CfA. “It’s been there the whole time. We just didn’t know about it, because we couldn’t build these high-resolution models of the distribution of gaseous clouds near the sun, in 3-D.”
At the time, the astronomers didn’t have enough data to determine whether the peak of the wave was rolling down the line. That’s what’s known as a traveling wave, as opposed to a stationary wave — the kind of wave that’s set off, for example, by a vibrating guitar string.
Since then, additional readings about the motion of the star clusters have led the astronomers to conclude that the Radcliffe Wave is indeed a traveling wave that rises to a maximum height of more than 700 light-years and has a mean wavelength of roughly 6,500 light-years.
“Now we can go and test all these different theories for why the wave formed in the first place,” Zucker said.
Konietzka said the potential explanations range from “explosions of massive stars, called supernovae, to out-of-galaxy disturbances like a dwarf satellite galaxy colliding with our Milky Way.”
Astronomers say the wave’s rippling effect could in turn trigger bursts of supernovae and swarms of star formation within the gas and dust clouds of the interstellar medium. In earlier research, Zucker and other astronomers suggested that sometime around 14 million years ago, just such a burst gave rise to the “Local Bubble,” a star-forming shell that surrounds our own solar system.
The Radcliffe Wave is currently about 980 light-years away from our own solar system, and appears to be drifting outward at a speed of about 11,000 mph (5 km/sec). “The measured drift of the Radcliffe Wave radially outward from the galactic center suggests that the cluster whose supernovae ultimately created today’s expanding Local Bubble may have been born in the Radcliffe Wave,” authors of the newly published paper say.
Study co-author Alyssa Goodman, an astronomer at the CfA, said the evidence supports the case for claiming that the Radcliffe Wave had an effect on Earth and its cosmic neighborhood.
“Passage of the sun through over-dense material like the Radcliffe Wave and the Local Bubble does affect the heliosphere,” she wrote in an email, “and the timing does work out that some of the peaks in radioactivity on Earth (e.g., iron-60) line up time-wise with when the sun would have crossed the RadWave, Local Bubble surface, and other ‘Local Fluff’ clouds as well.”
Now the study’s authors are wondering whether the Radcliffe Wave is merely a local phenomenon. Could such waves be common? “The question is, what caused the displacement giving rise to the waving we see?” Goodman said. “And does it happen all over the galaxy? In all galaxies? Does it happen occasionally? Does it happen all the time?”
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Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
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