BY MOLLY GLICK

Taking a hint from the magician’s playbook, scientists have devised a way to pull electricity from thin air. A new study out today suggests a method in which any material can offer a steady supply of electricity from the humidity in the air.

All that’s required? A pair of electrodes and a special material engineered to have teeny tiny holes that are less than 100 nanometers in diameter. That’s less than a thousandth of the width of a human hair.

Here’s how it works: The itty-bitty holes allow water molecules to pass through and generate electricity from the buildup of charge carried by the water molecules, according to a new paper published in the journal Advanced Materials.

The process essentially mimics how clouds make the electricity that they release in lightning bolts.

Because humidity lingers in the air perpetually, this electricity harvester could run at any time of day regardless of weather conditions — unlike somewhat unreliable renewable energy technologies such as wind and solar.

“The technology may lead to truly ‘ubiquitous powering’ to electronics,” senior study author Jun Yao, an electrical engineer at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, tells Inverse.

MAN-MADE “CLOUDS”

The recent discovery relies on the fact that the air is chock-full of electricity: Clouds contain a build-up of electric charge. However, it’s tough to capture and use electricity from these bolts.

Instead of trying to wrangle power from nature, Yao and his colleagues realized they could recreate it. The researchers previously created a device that uses a bacteria-derived protein to spark electricity from moisture in the air. But they realized afterward that many materials can get the job done, as long as they’re made with tiny enough holes. According to the new study, this type of energy-harvesting device — which the study authors have dubbed "Air-gen", referring to the ability to pluck electricity from the air — can be made of “a broad range of inorganic, organic, and biological materials.”

“The initial discovery was really a serendipitous one,” says Yao, “so the current work really followed our initial intuition and lead to the discovery of the Air-gen effect working with literally all kinds of materials.”

Water molecules can travel around 100 nanometers in the air before bumping into each other. When water moves through a thin material that’s filled with these precisely sized holes, the charge tends to build up in the upper part of the material where they enter. Since fewer molecules reach the lower layer, this creates a charge imbalance that’s similar to the phenomenon in a cloud — essentially creating a battery that runs on humidity, which apparently isn’t just useful for making hair frizzy. Electrodes on both sides of the material then carry the electricity to whatever needs powering.

And since these materials are so thin, they can be stacked by the thousands and even generate multiple kilowatts of energy. In the future, Yao envisions everything from small-scale Air-gen devices that can power wearables to those that can offer enough juice for an entire household.

Before any of that can happen, though, Yao says his team needs to figure out how to collect electricity over a larger surface area and how best to stack the sheets vertically to increase the device’s power without taking up additional space. Still, he’s excited about the technology’s future potential. “My dream is that one day we can get clean electricity literally anywhere, anytime by using Air-gen technology,” he says.

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

26-05-2023 om 00:16 geschreven door peter  

Lost Treasures of Chichen Itza: Maya Marvels Revealed (Video)

In a world where Europe languished in the dark ages , the splendor of the Maya civilization reached its zenith. Their majestic temples soared high into the heavens, their intricate hieroglyphic writing system captured the essence of their culture, and their breathtaking artworks showcased their impeccable sense of style. Nestled in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula , the grand city of Chichen Itza rose to prominence. Legends speak of sacrificial rituals, where victims were thrown into sacred wells to appease the rain god. The Maya's astronomical prowess shone through their observatory, where they meticulously tracked the stars and predicted solar eclipses.

Influenced by diverse cultures, Chichen Itza became a melting pot of civilizations. Its most renowned structure, El Castillo, an awe-inspiring pyramid with 365 steps, guarded a remarkable secret. During the equinoxes, a shadow descended upon the pyramid in the form of a slithering serpent, captivating all who witnessed this celestial spectacle. From the colossal ball court to the bustling trading center, Chichen Itza thrived for centuries until succumbing to the same forces that plagued other Maya cities. Now, amidst the encroaching rainforest, the remnants of this ancient metropolis endure, a testament to the proud and enigmatic Maya civilization that crafted it.

• Chichen Itza: Ancient Maya City Built Above A Gateway to the Underworld
• Advanced Engineering Discovered at the Maya Observatory at Chichen Itza

• Top image: Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico.
• Source:   IRStone / Adobe Stock.

By Robbie Mitchell

{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/ }

25-05-2023 om 23:54 geschreven door peter  

Rare green fireball explodes over Australia, creating bright flash visible for hundreds of miles

The space rock was likely quite small, between 1.6 and 3.2 feet (0.5 and 1 meter) across, and could have been traveling up to 93,000 mph (150,000 km/h), Brad Tucker, an astrophysicist at Australian National University in Canberra, told The Guardian. Any fragments that crashed to Earth would likely have been very small and were likely still frozen, he added.

Related: 

• Rock that punched hole in New Jersey house confirmed to be 4.6 billion-year-old meteorite

Bolides are meteors that blow up in Earth's atmosphere due to a buildup of friction that eventually causes the space rocks to instantaneously shatter with enough force to trigger a sonic boom, according to the American Meteor Society. 

The meteor "essentially does a belly flop," Tucker said. "The friction builds up and causes that glow and then it hits breaking point, which causes the huge flash and the sonic boom." 

Most bolides emit a white or yellow light when they explode. The unusual green flash of the meteor that exploded above Croydon was caused by a high concentration of metals such as iron and nickel in the meteor, Tucker said. 

Similar green light can also be given off by fireball meteors, which are extremely bright meteors that break apart in Earth's atmosphere but do not explode with the same intensity. In August 2022, a green fireball was spotted above New Zealand, and in November 2022, another one crashed into Lake Ontario.

Bolides occur in Earth's atmosphere relatively frequently. Between July 2017 and January 2022, astronomers detected around 3,000 bolides, according to NASA's Earth Observatory. But observers on the ground witness only a few of these blasts each year, because most of the explosions happen away from populated areas or above the ocean. 

In August 2022, people in Utah were shocked by a loud explosion from a suspected bolide that likely originated from the Perseid meteor shower.

• Originally published on LiveScience.com.

{ https://www.space.com/ }

25-05-2023 om 20:52 geschreven door peter  

LIGO can detect gravitational waves that are generated when two black holes collide.

Credit: The SXS Project

• doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-01732-4

{ https://www.nature.com/ }

25-05-2023 om 20:37 geschreven door peter  

This animated image shows the before and after comparison of the possible Hakuto-R impact site. Arrow A points to a prominent surface change with higher reflectance in the upper left and lower reflectance in the lower right (opposite of nearby surface rocks along the right side of the frame). Arrows B-D point to other changes around the impact site

[NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University].

BY NANCY ATKINSON

Someone on the team must have eagle-eye vision, as the changes are quite subtle.

Hakuto-R was programmed to descend into the 86-km (54-mile) -wide Atlas Crater, located in the northeast quadrant of the Moon’s near side. The LRO Camera (LROC) team said they identified an unusual surface change near the intended landing site, noting at least four prominent pieces of debris and several small changes. In the center of the image above, a bright object appears in the ‘blink’ comparision, as well as several bright pixels and dark pixels surrounding it. The larger dark objects that are in both the before and after shot are nearby boulders. The camera team suggested the new objects could be a small crater at the center with different parts of the lander body surrounding it. They said this site will be analyzed more over the coming months as LROC has the opportunity to re-image the site under various lighting and viewing geometries.

This ratio image, below, which was created by dividing the data from the after and before images shows the impact site a little clearer. The LRO team said the impact created an area of higher reflectance, approximately 60-80 meters (200-270 ft) across.  

The ispace Series 1 Lunar Lander stood about 2.3 meters tall (7.5 ft) and has four landing legs, and fully fueled with its payload, it weighed roughly 1000 kg (2,200 lbs). The main body is an octagonal prism, 1.6 meters high and about 1.6 meters (5.25 X 5.25 ft) across its widest diameter. It has one main landing thruster and six assist thrusters. Its electronics are powered by solar panels.

If it had been successful, it would have deployed two mini-rovers for surface exploration, and other payloads would have conducted scientific experiments for government and commercial space efforts.

Hakuto-R mission launched on Dec. 11, 2022 along with the Lunar Flashlight mission on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. Hakuto-R was originally designed for the Google Lunar XPrize, but it got a chance to launch later, long after the competition was over.

The webcast of the landing was exciting to watch, and was heartbreaking to see the faces of the team when they realized the landing failed.

iSpace is planning a second lunar lander mission perhaps in 2024, depending on the success of this first mission. In addition to launching lunar landers, the company aims to one day deploy satellites.

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

25-05-2023 om 19:01 geschreven door peter  

Investigative journalists Jeremy Corbell and George Knapp obtained and are revealing for the first time an exclusive footage of a huge UFO hovering over the active United States Twentynine Palms military base, California.

This event is according to a report considered a “mass UFO sighting” - with significant and diverse documentation in the form of videos, photos and recorded direct eyewitness testimony by active military personnel. 

Date of sighting: 20 April 2021 over the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms, California. Over 50 US Marines witnessed and recorded with iPhones and infrared the huge triangle UFO for about 10 minutes before it disappeared.

According to the many eyewitness reports, the size of the UFO was between half the size of a football field and a three bedroom two story house and made no sound.

Video below: Jeremy Corbell on this MOJAVE TRIANGLE UFO case with Gadi Schwartz of NBC News. The audio/visual content presented here was collected within hours after the UFO encounter.

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

25-05-2023 om 17:35 geschreven door peter  

Astonishing UFO Sightings Over Huntington Park: A Spectacular Display of Aerial Phenomena

On a tranquil evening on May 10, 2023, the skies over Huntington Park, California, were illuminated with an enigmatic spectacle that left residents awestruck and eager for explanations. A series of unprecedented UFO sightings, featuring hovering lights and intriguing geometric formations, have sparked a whirlwind of speculation and intrigue among both locals and UFO enthusiasts worldwide.

Witnesses to this extraordinary event reported an initial sighting of a cluster of lights hovering on the horizon. Without any apparent warning or pattern, these mysterious lights suddenly ascended vertically, tracing a path across the night sky that captivated every eye turned skyward.

Yet the spectacle was just beginning. In a breathtaking display, the lights converged to form a distinct triangular pattern. As if choreographed by an unseen hand, they held this formation briefly before they gradually faded, their luminescence merging with the dark canvas of the night sky.

• UFO Sighting: Mysterious Blue Ring-Shaped Object Filmed in Tamaulipas, Mexico on February 28th, 2022…

No sooner had the first triangle of lights disappeared than a second set began its ascent. Following the same vertical trajectory as the first, this group of lights echoed its predecessors in a captivating dance. They too coalesced into a triangle formation, leaving onlookers spellbound at this twice-performed aerial spectacle.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

25-05-2023 om 17:29 geschreven door peter  

A bird takes flight as the private spaceflight firm SpaceX launches a rocket from Vandenberg US Space Force Base in Lompoc, California.

Credit: Patrick T. Fallon/AFP Via Getty

Rocket launches are so thunderously loud that, even from kilometres away, they can feel like being at the front of the stage at a rock concert. That, plus the fact that launch numbers are booming, has prompted a physicist and biologist to team up to study the effects of noise pollution on wildlife — particularly endangered wildlife — at one of the busiest spaceports in the world.

“You can feel it in your chest — it’s like being in a vehicle that has really big speakers, and you can just feel the vibrations coming through your body,” says one of the researchers, Lucas Hall, a wildlife ecologist at California State University in Bakersfield. Hall remembers watching a launch at California’s Vandenberg Space Force Base from a safe distance. “It’s absolutely nuts.”

RELATED

2022 was a record year for space launches

Hall, physical acoustician Kent Gee at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, and their team have close to US$1 million in funding from the US Army Corps of Engineers over 3 years to measure the soundscape and monitor a host of endangered and threatened species living near the Vandenberg base. The project, which also includes Darryl York, conservation branch chief at Vandenberg, was presented on 8 May at the Acoustical Society of America annual meeting in Chicago, Illinois. The space base initiated the project, Gee says, because of the threatened species nearby, in the coastal area around Santa Barbara, California. “This is responsible stewardship, in my opinion,” he says.

Vandenberg has, for decades, sent up about 5–15 rockets per year, but with satellite launches from private companies such as SpaceX increasing, the number is set to rise sharply — to 50–100 per year by 2030. That would surpass Vandenburg’s previous record of about 45 launches per year in the mid-1960s, during the heyday of the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union. Last year, there were a record 180 launches worldwide.

“If it’s happening every week, every few days, are there any implications of that?” asks Hall. “That has not been studied.”

This type of study is “incredibly important”, says acoustician Caroline Lubert at James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia, who has worked with Gee but isn’t involved with this project. “It needs to be a priority. We’re only going to have more launches, not less.”

Biodiversity concerns

There have long been concerns about the environmental impact of sparked fires, and debris and noise from rocket launches — especially at prominent sites in California, Florida and Texas that are close to US biodiversity hotspots.

SpaceX’s first Starship flight on 20 April unexpectedly blew up the launch pad at the spaceport in Boca Chica, Texas, scattering pulverized concrete and sparking a wildfire in a nature reserve. The incident has triggered a lawsuit from conservation groups, arguing that the Federal Aviation Authority should have subjected the company to a more stringent environmental assessment. The region around the spaceport hosts threatened populations of turtles and birds, including piping plovers (Charadrius melodus), whose numbers are declining, and Northern Aplomado falcons (Falco femoralis), which are endangered in Texas.

Sharon Wilcox, senior Texas representative for the conservation group Defenders of Wildlife, which is based in Washington DC, says the organization has “considerable concerns about the impacts of sound, concussion and vibration resulting from these launches”.

Although it is clear that rocket launches are extraordinarily loud, the details aren’t always predictable or well understood. For instance, Gee measured the noise from last year’s launch of the uncrewed Artemis I mission to the Moon at 127–136 decibels from several kilometres away¹. The sound’s intensity was nearly two orders of magnitude greater than predicted by models used in environmental assessments, suggesting a need to revise those models.

It’s not just the volume of the launch noise that’s important for nearby creatures, Gee adds, but also the distribution of sound frequencies. “We have very little information about how animals perceive these sounds,” he says.

Noise tolerance

Chronic noise pollution — from cities, car or boat traffic, for example — is known to increase stress levels for animals ranging from whales² to humans. It can also have an impact on birdsong³ and animal behaviour. But the impacts of recurring, extremely loud events such as rocket launches are not well known.

RELATED

Lift off! Artemis Moon rocket launch kicks off new era of human exploration

The team will be measuring the soundscape close to Vandenberg’s many launch sites and, as a control, at locations tens of kilometres away. Animals in these habitats include the western snowy plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus), the California least tern (Sterna antillarum browni), the California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii) and the tidewater goby (Eucyclogobius newberryi). The team has weekly data on plover and tern numbers stretching back to the 1990s, collected by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.

Cameras will capture how animals react to rocket-launch sounds: for example, whether birds abandon their nests or change their foraging or mating behaviour. Audio monitors will pick up whether they alter their songs in response to the noise, in the same way that people yell after loud noise exposure. The birds will have some resilience, Hall says. “But at some point, there’s going to be a threshold where that resilience is overcome.”

Although Hall and Gee have secured funding for only three years, they hope to continue the work for more than a decade.

Space bases already dampen launch noise by dumping massive amounts of water onto the launch pad to absorb sound energy. The study will help to determine whether anything needs to change to protect wildlife, such as avoiding launches during certain sensitive times such as breeding seasons, or changing the shape or size of the fire trench designed to divert rocket fumes, heat and noise. “We have to focus on whether we’re trying to reduce noise, redirect noise or change the frequency of the noise,” Lubert says.

• doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-01713-7

{ https://www.nature.com/ }

25-05-2023 om 01:47 geschreven door peter  

There's a storm brewing on Uranus! NASA spots a swirling cyclone at the ice giant's north pole for the first time

• NASA has spotted what it believes is a polar cyclone at Uranus' north pole 
• Discovery suggests that all planets in the solar system have vortexes at poles

By SHIVALI BEST FOR MAILONLINE 

While Uranus undeniably has the funniest name of all the planets in our solar system, it remains the most unexplored, with just one spacecraft flying past the planet back in the 1980s.

But advances in ground-based telescopes mean that we can now get unprecedented views of the ice giant, while comfortably still on Earth.

Using the Very Large Array, NASA scientists have spotted what they believe is a polar cyclone at Uranus' north pole for the very first time.

'These observations tell us a lot more about the story of Uranus. It's a much more dynamic world than you might think,' said Alex Akins, lead author of the study.

'It isn't just a plain blue ball of gas. There's a lot happening under the hood.'

Using the Very Large Array, NASA scientists have spotted what they believe is a polar cyclone at Uranus' north pole for the very first time

• NASA urged to launch mission to URANUS to examine the giant ice planet - READ MORE

NASA has been urged to launch the first mission to giant Uranus, in a report by the National Academy of Sciences, outlining space priorities for the next decade

Scientists have long known that there is a swirling feature at Uranus' south pole.

During its flyby of the icy giant in 1986, NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft took images of the south pole, showing winds at the polar centre spinning faster than over the rest of the pole.

However, until now, it's been unclear whether or not cyclones also exist at Uranus' north pole.

Using the Very Large Array, which is in New Mexico, the team was able to examine radio waves emitted from Uranus.

These revealed that beneath the planet's clouds, the circulating air at the north pole seems to be warmer and drier.

According to NASA, this is a hallmark of a strong cyclone.

Uranus takes 84 years to complete a full lap of the sun, and for the last few decades its poles haven't been pointed towards Earth.

However, since 2015 we've had a much better view, allowing scientists to look deeper into the polar atmosphere.

Uranus' cyclone is compactly shaped, with warm and dry air at its core – much like the storms on Saturn, according to NASA.

Overall, the discovery suggests that whether planets are composed mainly of rock or gas, their atmospheres show signs of a swirling vortex at the poles.

During its flyby of the icy giant in 1986, NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft took images of the south pole, showing winds at the polar centre spinning faster than over the rest of the pole

Here on Earth, hurricanes form over water and drift, while on Uranus and Saturn, cyclones are locked in place at the poles.

NASA now hopes to monitor the cyclone to see how it evolves through the years.

'Does the warm core we observed represent the same high-speed circulation seen by Voyager?' Akins asked.

'Or are there stacked cyclones in Uranus' atmosphere? 

'The fact that we're still finding out such simple things about how Uranus' atmosphere works really gets me excited to find out more about this mysterious planet.'

The study comes shortly after scientists from the National Academy of Scientists penned a report, urging NASA to launch the first mission to Uranus.

The report calls Uranus 'one of the most intriguing bodies in the solar system', and says studying it will improve our understanding of ice giants generally.

The group says the spacecraft should operate in the system over a number of years, orbiting the ice giant and sending a probe into its atmosphere. 

HOW DOES URANUS'S MAGNETIC FIELD COMPARE TO EARTH'S?

A study analysing data collected more than 30 years ago by the Voyager 2 spacecraft has found that the Uranus's global magnetosphere is nothing like Earth’s, which is known to be aligned nearly with our planet’s spin axis.

A false-color view of Uranus captured by Hubble is pictured 

According to the researchers from Georgia Institute of Technology, this alignment would give rise to behaviour that is vastly different from what’s seen around Earth.

Uranus lies and rotates on its side, leaving its magnetic field tilted 60 degrees from its axis.

As a result, the magnetic field ‘tumbles’ asymmetrically relative to the solar wind.

As a result, the magnetic field ‘tumbles’ asymmetrically relative to the solar wind.

When the magnetosphere is open, it allows solar wind to flow in.

But, when it closes off, it creates a shield against these particles. 

The researchers suspect solar wind reconnection takes place upstream of Uranus’s magnetosphere at different latitudes, causing magnetic flux to close in various parts.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

25-05-2023 om 01:07 geschreven door peter  

But the VLA in New Mexico has now been studying Uranus the past several years, and observations collected in 2015, 2021, and 2022 were able to peer deep into Uranus’ atmosphere. The thermal emission data showed that circulating air at the north pole seems to be warmer and drier, which are the hallmarks of a strong cyclone.

“These observations tell us a lot more about the story of Uranus. It’s a much more dynamic world than you might think,” said Alex Akins of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, who is lead author of a new study published in Geophysical Letters. “It isn’t just a plain blue ball of gas. There’s a lot happening under the hood.”

The researchers said the cyclone on Uranus is similar to the polar cyclones observed by the Cassini mission at Saturn. With the new findings, cyclones (which rotate in the same direction their planet rotates) or anti-cyclones (which rotate in the opposite direction) have now been identified at the poles on every planet in our solar system that has an atmosphere. The researchers said this confirms a broad truth that planets with substantial atmospheres – whether the worlds are made of rock or gas – all show signs of swirling vortexes at the poles.

Uranus’ north pole is now in springtime. As it continues into summer, astronomers hope to see even more changes in its atmosphere.

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

25-05-2023 om 00:57 geschreven door peter  

Mystery In The Sky: Black Triangle UFO Stuns 50 Marines At California Camp!! - Next News Network

On the night of April 20, 2021, 50 US Marines stationed at Camp Wilson in California witnessed an extraordinary event. An enormous black triangular UFO with flashing red lights suddenly appeared in the night sky, suspending all belief. The craft hung in the air for nearly 10 minutes before vanishing without a trace. This incident, complete with stunning photos and videos, has left many baffled, even echoing the famous Phoenix Lights case.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

25-05-2023 om 00:44 geschreven door peter  

Earth receives its first 'alien message': Scientists capture simulated ET signal that YOU can help scientists decode it

• A simulated alien message was sent from Mars at 3 pm ET today
• A trio of telescopes around the world intercepted the message 16 minutes later
• READ MORE: Aliens could map Earth using signals from mobile towers 

By STACY LIBERATORE FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

Humans are one step closer to communicating with aliens.

The SETI Institute, a non-profit dedicated to understanding life in space, simulated an extraterrestrial signal that was beamed from a Mars orbiter at 3 pm ET.

The radio waves soared through space at the speed of light and were captured by three massive telescopes in 16 minutes. 

The first-of-its-kind exercise was designed to prepare scientists for the 'profoundly transformational experience for all humankind' when otherworldly beings contact our planet.

Scientists in the US and Italy were overjoyed as the message appeared on computer screens, which downloaded the radio waves in sections. 

People on Earth with a ham radio also picked it up at 8.4 gigahertz - although it was not the entire signal.

The team is keeping key details about the stunt secret - including the type of signal and what it includes. 

The tight lid is because the encoded transmission will be shared with the public, allowing them to help with the decoding.

Telescopes on Earth have captured a simulated alien message. The first-of-its-kind exercise was designed to prepare scientists for the 'profoundly transformational experience for all humankind' when otherworldly beings contact our planet

Daniela dePaulis, the visionary artist behind the A Sign in Space project, said during the live-streamed event: 'It was very real. This is not the first time we have received a signal from TGO [ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter], but this one is a real message.'

The signal will be sent from the European Space Agency's TGO, which hangs over Mars, studying its atmosphere.

Three massive telescopes around the globe captured the transmission: The Allen Telescope Array (ATA) in California, Robert C. Byrd at the Green Bank Observatory (GBO) in West Virginia and the Medicina Radio Astronomical Station in northern Italy. 

The signal cannot be heard on Earth or at the telescope stations.

Victoria Catlett, GBO software engineer, explained: 'A radio signal is not inherently sound, but a light wave.

'When we receive it with something like a car radio, that light wave gets translated into the up and down movement in the speaker - and that is what you hear.'

She said once the radio waves have been completely captured, the team will upload the data and let the public download it.

The teams will securely store the processed data in collaboration with Breakthrough Listen Open Data Archive and Filecoin, a decentralized storage network. 

The signal will be sent from the European Space Agency's TGO, which hangs over Mars, studying its atmosphere

Scientists in the US and Italy (pictured) were overjoyed as the message appeared on computer screens, which downloaded the radio waves in sections

Three massive telescopes around the globe captured the transmission: The Allen Telescope Array (ATA) in California, Robert C. Byrd at the Green Bank Observatory (GBO) in West Virginia (pictured) and the Medicina Radio Astronomical Station in northern Italy

Researchers said the message will be uploaded sometime Wednesday evening and will share two links on SETI's social media platforms when it is completed.

Only one megahertz of bandwidth will be extracted and uploaded. The size of the recording is about five gigabits per telescope. There will be four files available. 

The easiest file to work with is likely the one linked to GBO because the telescope captured the strongest signal, but all the files will contain the same information. 

• READ MORE: Aliens could contact Earth by 2029, according to scientists

In 2002, NASA sent radio wave transmission to the Pioneer 10 probe in a routine protocol to send data and ensure communication was established. 

Researchers are taking a collaborative approach to solving the message by allowing the public to access it and help decode what it reads. 

And there is a submission form for anyone up to the challenge. 

Humans crafted the alien message, so SETI notes that actual communication for life in space would look much different from what humans could muster up.

And the team knows that any transmission from the final frontier would come from worlds much farther away than Mars.

Earth has captured signals traveling through space.

'Much of the radio emission that comes from space is emitted by tiny electrically charged particles, known as electrons, moving through magnetic fields,' according to the European Space Agency (ESA).

'These electrons have usually been accelerated away from the shock waves of exploding stars, known as supernovae.'

One problem was that astronomers have always struggled to differentiate between potential extraterrestrial signals and human-caused ones.

This changed in February when a team of scientists led by the University of Toronto designed an algorithm capable of determining what signals are artificial and which could potentially be alien messages.

SETI's project, called 'A Sign in Space,' is a major part of the study into the possibility of Earth being contacted by extraterrestrials.

'Throughout history, humanity has searched for meaning in powerful and transformative phenomena,' said DePaulis.

'Receiving a message from an extraterrestrial civilization would be a profoundly transformational experience for all humankind. 

'A Sign in Space offers the unprecedented opportunity to tangibly rehearse and prepare for this scenario through global collaboration, fostering an open-ended search for meaning across all cultures and disciplines.'

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{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

25-05-2023 om 00:32 geschreven door peter  

A disk-shaped UFO has been filmed while flying over San Clemente California last month (April 2023). 

The flat craft has no wings or other visible propulsion, except lights which are visible at the front and back of the flying disk. 

An almost similar craft was captured from the cockpit of a private jet while flying over the Antioquia region of Colombia one month earlier (March 2023). 

It is remarkable that we are seeing more and more of these types of flying objects and we may wonder where they come from and who is behind this advanced technology.

  

RELATED VIDEOS

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

24-05-2023 om 22:59 geschreven door peter  

EXCLUSIVE: Black 'half-football-field-sized' triangular UFO is seen hovering over California military base for 10 minutes before vanishing in dramatic footage taken by Marines in 2021

• A black triangular shaped UFO with five red lights was seen hovering in the night sky at Camp Wilson in California on April 20, 2021
• At least 50 Marines saw the phenomenon and recorded the craft hanging in the sky for about 10 minutes before it vanished without a trace  
• READ MORE: 
  • An 'alien message' will be sent from Mars to Earth TOMORROW 

By JOSH BOSWELL and CHRIS SHARP FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

A giant 'black triangular shape' UFO hovering over a California military base was caught on six videos and witnessed by 50 US Marines in 2021.

One stunning picture shot by an officer at Camp Wilson in Twentynine Palms on April 20, 2021 shows the apparently triangular object with lights on its edges, above the desert mountains – where it hovered for 10 minutes according to witnesses.

Videos show the lights of what some of the Marines believe was a craft, hanging in the dark sky, shot between 8.24pm and 8.30pm.

At 8.29pm one video recorded troops shooting a flare into the sky in an attempt to illuminate the object, which had five red lights.

However, before they could fully illuminate the 'black triangle', it vanished without a trace. 

A black triangular shaped UFO with five red lights was seen hovering in the night sky at Camp Wilson in California on April 20, 2021

At least 50 Marines saw the phenomenon and recorded the craft hanging in the sky for about 10 minutes before it vanished without a trace

One picture shot by an officer at Camp Wilson in Twentynine Palms on April 20, 2021 shows the apparently triangular object with lights on its edges

The footage, recorded by Marines using their smartphone cameras, appears to depict five lights arranged in a triangular formation

Soon after the encounter, Marines said dozens of trucks and multiple helicopters rushed to that area of the base, with choppers flying overhead until around 11.30pm that night.

Witnesses' estimates of the unidentified object's size ranged from the size of a stealth bomber, which has a wingspan of 172 feet, to approximately half the length of a football field.

Journalists Jeremy Corbell and George Knapp acquired six pieces of film footage that captured the event from two angles, as well as an accompanying photograph, which they are releasing through their podcast, Weaponized.

The footage, recorded by Marines using their smartphone cameras, appears to depict five lights arranged in a triangular formation.

The incident has echoes of the infamous Phoenix Lights case, a well-known mass sighting of a giant triangular-shaped UFO that occurred over the city of Phoenix in 1997, with witnesses including then-Arizona governor Fife Symington.

A mortarman serving at Camp Wilson during the 2021 incident spoke with Corbell, and took a high-exposure photo on his smartphone which revealed the outline of an object.

The object appears to be triangular, surrounded by lights spaced evenly around its edge in a v-formation.

The mortarman, who DailyMail.com is keeping anonymous, described how one of his companions witnessed the object materialize from nowhere.

'One of my buddies was outside. He was looking at the sky and said that it just kind of appeared out of nowhere. And we all came out and looked and then slowly like 50-plus people started coming out and looking. Those lights appeared out of nowhere.'

He added that despite their military experience, none of the Marines could recognize the craft, and described their reaction as 'baffled.'

The incident has echoes of the infamous Phoenix Lights case, a well-known mass sighting of a giant triangular-shaped UFO that occurred over the city of Phoenix in 1997, with witnesses including then-Arizona governor Fife Symington

The mortarman, who filmed and photographed the object, said: 'If you look at the picture, you can see a black triangular shape.

'With the picture I took with the black triangular shape underneath the lights, it's definitely not any type of flare thing or illumination rounds.'

The witness said the apparent object remained stationary for approximately ten minutes. But a Marine can be overheard on one of the videos saying that the triangle appeared to be in motion.

Another Marine, who DailyMail.com is keeping anonymous, was serving as an artilleryman at the base when he saw the UFO.

He firmly rejected any suggestions that the lights could be attributed to illumination rounds fired by artillery – or any other mundane explanation he might have recognized.

'This was something none of us had ever seen before. It was a completely different color; the size [and] the illumination was different,' He said. 'When we shoot illumination rounds, it's one, you shoot in the air and let it drop, and then you shoot another one.

'This was like five right next to each other and they're kind of reddish, and our loom [illumination] rounds are a yellow-white color.'

This UFO sighting was at Camp Wilson in Twentynine Palms on April 20, 2021

One Marine, who DailyMail.com is keeping anonymous, was serving as an artilleryman at the base when he saw the UFO. 'This was something none of us had ever seen before,' he said

The artilleryman compared the UFO's size to a stealth bomber, while the mortarman described it as equivalent to the size of a three-bedroom house. Another witness who spoke with Corbell likened it to being approximately half the size of a football field.

Witnesses also reported additional peculiar lights circling the object throughout the encounter, which can be faintly observed in the footage.

Illumination rounds were eventually fired over the UFO by Marines, captured in one of the videos.

But before the object could be illuminated, it suddenly disappeared.

The mortarman described the event: 'Those two orange lights, the actual loom [illumination] rounds…went up over top of it [the UFO]. And then after that, it just disappeared. Like just straight went black and then helicopters started hauling a** towards it… and then started circling the area.'

The artilleryman said he witnessed a convoy of over 60 military trucks joining the helicopters traveling to the location.

'These helicopters were circling for a good bit afterwards. And there was a convoy as well that went out. A 60-plus truck convoy.'

The witnesses involved struggled to find explanations.

'I don't think it was anything US military,' the mortarman told Corbell. '[It was] definitely some type of UFO and the government was trying to look for it after it disappeared. I'm just trying to figure out what the hell that was.

'I've never seen anything like it.'

Journalists Jeremy Corbell (pictured) and George Knapp acquired six pieces of film footage that captured the event from two angles, as well as an accompanying photograph, which they are releasing through their podcast, Weaponized 

Speaking to DailyMail.com, Corbell, who has spoken to numerous witnesses, claimed that the incident had not been reported to the US Government's UFO investigations office, known as the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO).

'Due to the location of this mass UFO sighting - within the restricted airspace of one of our active United States military installations - significant amounts of data was accumulated and includes radar, thermal, electro-optical and signature intelligence,' Corbell told DailyMail.com.

'On-base documentation is also presumed with high confidence to have been generated, due to protocol and witness observed response.

'This case had not been properly reported through the active United States UAP investigation channels; under the authority of the Department of Defense's AARO (All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office). AARO has now been informed of this presumed incursion.

'If the public wants to understand more about this UAP encounter - we will need to encourage our representatives to ask questions and push for answers.'

 { https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

24-05-2023 om 22:50 geschreven door peter  

The Night a Giant UFO Stunned 50 Marines at Camp Wilson! An Unresolved UFO Sighting Over a California Military Base

On a spring night in 2021, the tranquility of Camp Wilson, the largest Marine Corps training base in the world, located in Twentynine Palms, California, was abruptly broken. This seemingly ordinary evening transformed into an extraordinary event when a massive, black, triangular-shaped object with five red lights mysteriously appeared in the sky, stunning the base’s occupants.

Witnessed by at least 50 Marines, the unidentified flying object (UFO) hung motionless in the night sky for about ten minutes. Multiple Marines were able to capture the mysterious event using their smartphones, with the footage revealing a fascinating arrangement of lights forming a triangular shape.

According to the Marines, the UFO was a colossal figure, with estimates ranging from the size of a stealth bomber, which has a wingspan of 172 feet, to approximately half the length of a football field. One Marine, in an attempt to provide a more relatable estimate, likened the size of the object to a three-bedroom, two-story house.

• The Antioquia UAP/UFO: A Closer Look

This incident was not just witnessed, but it was also captured in six videos and a high-exposure photo shot by an officer, revealing the apparent triangular shape of the object. All this material was acquired by investigative journalists Jeremy Corbell and George Knapp, who later released it through their podcast, ‘Weaponized.’

VIDEO:

• WEAPONIZED : EPISODE #18 : The Silent Triangle Of Twentynine Palms

The mysterious sighting at Camp Wilson draws parallels to the famous Phoenix Lights case in 1997, where residents of Phoenix, Arizona, reported witnessing a similar giant, triangular UFO. The Phoenix incident left an indelible mark on the UFO community and remains one of the most discussed and investigated cases to date.

In the 2021 Camp Wilson sighting, the Marines reported a baffling spectacle, observing peculiar lights circling the object throughout the encounter. The Marines took immediate action and fired illumination rounds in an attempt to expose the object’s nature further. However, just before the UFO could be fully illuminated, it vanished without leaving any trace.

Following the object’s disappearance, the base was a flurry of activity. Witnesses reported seeing dozens of trucks and multiple helicopters rushing to the area of the base where the UFO was sighted. The military vehicles continued their search operation until around 11:30 pm that night.

Corbell and Knapp’s documentation of the event and the subsequent analysis led them to refer to it as a “dream UFO case.” Notably, despite their military experience, none of the Marines could recognize the craft. They described their reaction as “baffled.”

VIDEO:

• Investigating mystery triangle UFO spotted above U.S. marine base

Despite the intriguing footage and testimonies, this incident did not make its way up the chain of command for further investigation, at least according to publicly available information. It’s also noteworthy that this sighting was not initially reported to the US Government’s UFO investigations office, the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO).

This unexplained phenomenon leaves us with more questions than answers. It adds to the growing number of UFO sightings that are reshaping our understanding of these mysterious objects and their potential implications. The quest for definitive explanations continues, driven by curiosity, scientific inquiry, and the hope of unraveling one of the greatest enigmas of our time.

VIDEO:

• New footage emerges of suspected UFO sighting over California military base

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net }

24-05-2023 om 22:28 geschreven door peter  

Discoveries of Ancient Underground Cities Around the World

Beneath the surface of our world, hidden under layers of soil, stone, and history, lie remnants of ancient civilizations - vast networks of tunnels, expansive  underground cities , and complex subterranean structures. Our ancestors demonstrated remarkable ingenuity, carving out these intricate labyrinths for reasons as diverse as their cultures. Whether born out of necessity, spirituality, or security, these underground marvels have been preserved, waiting to share the untold stories of our human past.

South and Central America

In the heart of Mexico, the  ancient city of Teotihuacan  houses an extensive labyrinth of tunnels beneath the Pyramid of the Sun. Discovered only in the 1970s, this intricate network of tunnels extends to over 5 kilometers, with rooms branching off in various directions. These chambers are believed to have been used for rituals and ceremonies, with artifacts such as sculptures, pottery, and even human remains unearthed during excavations. The  tunnels of Teotihuacan  offer a unique insight into the spiritual and cultural life of this ancient civilization.

In 2008, another remarkable discovery was made in Mexico that further underscored the importance of the underground in Mesoamerican cosmology and architecture. Archaeologists uncovered eleven stone temples inside an underground cave system beneath the Yucatan Peninsula, complete with an underground road which the Mayans believed led to the mythical underworld city known as Xibalba. The underworld was a crucial part of the Mayan spiritual belief system, with Xibalba often depicted as a dangerous place filled with deadly trials for deceased souls.

In Peru, the Qenqo Chico tunnel network is an impressive example of Incan engineering. These tunnels, part of the larger Qenqo archaeological complex near Cusco, were carved directly into the rock and are thought to have been used for religious and ceremonial purposes. Qenqo Chico and its subterranean passages continue to fascinate archaeologists and tourists alike, offering a glimpse into the spiritual life of the Inca civilization.

The sprawling  Mayan pyramid complex at Tikal , located in present-day Guatemala, has also revealed an intricate system of underground tunnels. These tunnels, rediscovered in the late 20th century, appear to connect various parts of the vast city-state, suggesting an efficient transportation or communication system. However, their exact function remains the subject of ongoing study. What is clear, however, is that these subterranean structures provide significant insights into the city planning and architectural capabilities of the ancient Mayan civilization, which flourished at Tikal from around 200 to 900 AD.

• Secret Chamber and Tunnel Discovered Under the Temple of the Moon at Teotihuacan Emulate the Underworld
• Descending into the Underworld of Teotihuacan: Labyrinthine Tunnels and Rivers of Mercury

Underground shrine at Qenqo Chico, Peru.

Source:  Leon petrosyan  / CC by SA 3.0

Africa

In Ethiopia, the  rock-hewn churches of Lalibela  represent an impressive feat of subterranean architecture. Carved directly into solid rock in the 12th century, these 11 monolithic churches were reportedly created to represent a symbolic representation of Jerusalem. Each church was chiseled out of the ground, then further shaped into doors, windows, columns, and decorated with carvings. This UNESCO World Heritage site is a testament to the ingenuity of ancient African architects, and the underground network connecting the churches adds to the mystical aura of Lalibela.

In Egypt, the Giza Plateau has an  enormous underground system  that is a combination of manmade caverns and tunnels as well as subterranean rivers and passages. Since 1978 the caverns have been mapped using ground penetrating radar with  explorations led by Dr Jim Hurtak who has allegedly entered massive chambers larger than our largest cathedrals. A few historians believe that the underground cave system in Giza, is the legendary ‘City of the Gods’, a massive underground city described by ancient writers Herodotus (5 ^th century BC) and Strabo (1 ^st Century AD). Herodotus wrote:

“There I saw twelve palaces regularly disposed, which had communication with each other, interspersed with terraces and arranged around twelve halls. It is hard to believe they are the work of man. The walls are covered with carved figures, and each court is exquisitely built of white marble and surrounded by a colonnade. Near the corner where the labyrinth ends, there is a pyramid, two hundred and forty feet in height, with great carved figures of animals on it and an underground passage by which it can be entered. I was told very credibly that underground chambers and passages connected this pyramid with the pyramids at Memphis.”

Furthermore, Herodotus spoke of the discovery of a multi-level megalithic metropolis under Giza that was 15,000 years old.

Many ancient writers supported Herodotus' record of underground passages connecting major pyramids. Lamblichus, a 4 ^th century AD Syrian representative of the Alexandrian School of mystical and philosophical studies, recorded information about an entranceway through the body of the Sphinx into the Great Pyramid:

“This entrance, obstructed in our day by sands and rubbish, may still be traced between the forelegs of the crouched colossus. It was formerly closed by a bronze gate whose secret spring could be operated only by the Magi. It was guarded by public respect, and a sort of religious fear maintained its inviolability better than armed protection would have done. In the belly of the Sphinx were cut out galleries leading to the subterranean part of the Great Pyramid.  These galleries were so art-fully crisscrossed along their course to the Pyramid that, in setting forth into the passage without a guide throughout this network, one ceasingly and inevitably returned to the starting point.”

One of the most impressive underground constructions in Egypt is the Serapeum of Saqqara, a vast subterranean complex that housed the Apis bulls, considered incarnations of the god Ptah. Housing massive granite sarcophagi in crypt-like galleries, this labyrinthine network showcases the Egyptians' advanced engineering skills.

• Underground Cities Around the World – Myths and Reality
• The Ancient Subterranean City of Nushabad: Why Were People Living Underground?

Asia

The discovery in 1992 of 24 man-made caves in China, known as the  Longyou Caves , revealed an extraordinary feat of ancient engineering and craftsmanship. The caves, carved into solid siltstone, represent a massive undertaking that required the removal of an estimated 36,000 cubic meters of stone. The floor area of each grotto extends over two thousand square meters, with the highest point in the caves reaching over 30 meters. Interestingly, there are no historical records or legends pertaining to the caves, rendering their origin and purpose a mystery. The precision and symmetry of the carving, along with the sheer volume of excavated material, imply a level of planning and organization that challenge our understanding of ancient Chinese society and its capabilities. The absence of tool marks or signs of work, coupled with the scale and complexity of the caves, continue to perplex researchers and historians, making the Longyou Caves one of the most enigmatic archaeological sites in the world.

One of the Longyou caves.

Source:  Zhangzhugang  / CC by SA 4.0.

India, with its rich and ancient history, is also home to a number of fascinating underground structures. The city of Varanasi, believed to be one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, has an extensive network of underground passages and rooms that date back several centuries. These passages were used by the residents for various purposes including travel, trade, and religious ceremonies. Furthermore, the UNESCO World Heritage site of  Ellora in Maharashtra , famous for its rock-cut temples, includes an intricate network of tunnels and chambers beneath the surface. One of the most astonishing of these underground marvels is the Kailasa Temple, which was carved from a single rock and extends into the earth, showcasing the advanced architectural and engineering skills of ancient Indian civilization. The purpose and full extent of these subterranean networks in India remain subjects of ongoing archaeological exploration and research.

Turkey, particularly the region of  Cappadocia, is world-renowned for its ancient underground cities. These cities were primarily used as hideouts by early Christians to escape persecution.  Derinkuyu, one of the most well-known of these underground cities, is an expansive network that extends approximately 60 meters deep and could accommodate an astonishing 20,000 people along with their livestock and food stores. It had more than 600 entrances to the surface. Another famous subterranean city is Kaymakli, which was believed to have been used as a large agricultural depot and trading hub. The cities contain numerous features such as ventilation shafts, wine and oil presses, stables, cellars, storage rooms, refectories, and chapels, showcasing a sophisticated understanding of underground construction. Turkey may have the greatest number of underground cities and networks in the work and more are being discovered every year.

Europe

In Italy,  the legacy of the Etruscans , a pre-Roman civilization, is visible through an extensive network of underground tunnels known as "Vie Cave" or "Etruscan Ways." These narrow, canyon-like paths, which were dug into tuff stone, often reach staggering heights, creating an impressive spectacle. Their purpose remains largely a mystery, with theories ranging from a means of communication and transport between settlements, to having religious or ceremonial importance.

On the archipelago of Malta is home to a vast network of underground tunnels. The  Hypogeum of Ħal-Saflieni , a UNESCO World Heritage site, is an extraordinary subterranean structure dating back to around 3300-3000 BC. This labyrinthine complex spans three levels, with rooms, halls, and passages hewn directly into the limestone. The Hypogeum was likely used as both a sanctuary and a necropolis, with remains of over 7,000 individuals discovered within its depths.

Elsewhere in Europe, the city of Odessa in Ukraine is known for its labyrinthine catacombs, which stretch approximately 2,500 kilometers, making them among the largest networks of tunnels anywhere in the world. Originally, these tunnels were the result of limestone mining in the 19th century, the same limestone used to build much of the city. Over time, the catacombs served various purposes – from a hideout for Soviet partisans during World War II to an illicit playground in more recent years. These varied examples underline Europe's rich history of utilizing subterranean spaces for an array of purposes, each of them contributing to our understanding of past civilizations.

The ability of ancient people to shape the earth, to build beneath the surface, and to create these complex subterranean networks across continents is a testament to their resilience, ingenuity, and adaptability. These underground cities, tunnels, and structures are more than just historical relics; they are enduring symbols of humanity's enduring desire to innovate, adapt, and survive.

• Top image: Man standing in underground city of Derinkuyu, Turkey.
• Source:  Parilov / Adobe Stock.

By Joanna Gillan

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{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/ }

24-05-2023 om 01:28 geschreven door peter  

BY JENNIFER WALTER

When the eruption of an underwater volcano near Tonga crescendoed into a fiery blast last year, it sent shock waves around the globe. Its eruption was stronger than an atomic bomb and set new records that have since dwarfed the power of most volcanic eruptions in recorded history.

The volcano, called Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai, was the first ever observed to shoot ash 35 miles above ground into Earth’s mesosphere. It also sent out the fastest atmospheric pressure waves ever recorded and caused several rare tsunamis.

Even though it’s been over a year since the eruption, scientists are still making discoveries about the effects of the blast. One team of experts from Japan announced that the eruption was powerful enough to create a phenomenon in the atmosphere that could interrupt satellite and GPS communications. Their findings were published today in the journal Scientific Reports.

In Earth’s upper atmosphere, about 50 to 400 miles above ground, an important boundary called the ionosphere sits between our planet and outer space. It’s made of electrically charged particles that absorb dangerous ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. The movement of those particles is easily influenced by changing conditions on and around Earth’s atmosphere.

Upper atmospheric winds and electric fields can sometimes create bubbles in the ionosphere above the equator that form due to uneven particle densities. It might sound benign, but the bubbles can cause disruptions for GPS signals and satellite communications that use the ionosphere to bounce signals through this charged upper layer.

Scientists don’t know much about how events on (and below) Earth’s surface might cause these bubbles to form. But it’s clear that strong air pressure waves can shake up the ionosphere’s density. Given that Tonga’s eruption generated enormous waves of pressure, the researchers hypothesized that the blast could have potentially caused a plasma bubble to form.

Sure enough, data from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s Himawari-8 and Arase satellites revealed that the density of charged particles suddenly became higher in the ionosphere around the time the eruption took place.

Even hours before the Tonga volcano blew its top, changes in the ionosphere were already taking place. The data shows that it didn’t even take a full eruption to increase air pressure and cause significant changes far above the surface of Earth.

“The results of this research are significant not only from a scientific point of view but also from the point of view of space weather and disaster prevention,” said study author Atsuki Shinbori, a professor at Nagoya University, in a statement.

Knowing how powerful events like volcanic eruptions and earthquakes shake things up in the ionosphere could help predict future disruptions to GPS and satellite communications, especially in times of crisis.

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

24-05-2023 om 00:29 geschreven door peter  

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{ https://www.hln.be/ }

24-05-2023 om 00:00 geschreven door peter  

The Tonga eruption in 2022 sent ash and water into the air and created an atmospheric pressure wave that helped create an equatorial plasma bubble that disrupted satellite communications that depend on the ionosphere.

Courtesy of Himawari-8 satellite.

BY CAROLYN COLLINS PETERSEN

EPBs form when plasma, electric fields, and neutral winds move through the ionosphere. Essentially, these bubbles are localized density gradients of plasma. Atmospheric waves disturb them. Since the volcanic blast created such a wave, the team theorized that a volcanic eruption is a trigger. The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai event was essentially a “volcanic hammer”. It pounded ten cubic kilometers of rock out in the form of ash and sediment from beneath the ocean waves. It was the biggest submarine eruption in known history.

Ionospheric Implications of the Tonga Eruption

Atsuki Shinbori and Yoshizumi Miyoshi used data from the Arase and Himawari-8 satellites to study air pressure waves from the eruption. They coordinated that with ground-based observations of something called the “total electron density” in the ionosphere. In that data, they were able to pinpoint an irregular structure of higher electron density across Earth’s equator. It occurred after the arrival of pressure waves from the eruption. “The results of this study showed EPBs generated in the equatorial to low-latitude ionosphere in Asia in response to the arrival of pressure waves caused by undersea volcanic eruptions off Tonga,” Shinbori said.

They also spotted something unusual. “Our new finding is that the ionospheric disturbances are observed several minutes to hours before the initial arrival of the shock waves triggered by the Tonga volcanic eruption,” Shinbori said. “This suggests that the propagation of the fast atmospheric waves in the ionosphere triggered the ionospheric disturbances before the initial arrival of the shock waves. Therefore, the model needs to be revised to account for these fast atmospheric waves in the ionosphere.”

Revising a Model?

This has important implications. It suggests that the long-held model of geosphere-atmosphere-cosmosphere coupling needs updating. The model says that ionospheric disturbances should only happen after the eruption. In addition, it now appears that the EPBs related to the eruption extended far beyond what people expect. “Previous studies have shown that the formation of plasma bubbles at such high altitudes is a rare occurrence, making this a very unusual phenomenon,” Shinbori said.

“We found that the EPB formed by this eruption reached space even beyond the ionosphere, suggesting that we should pay attention to the connection between the ionosphere and the cosmosphere when an extreme natural phenomenon, such as the Tonga event, occurs.”

Links to Spaceweather and Disaster Planning

Huge eruptions like the Tonga event, or space weather storms after coronal mass ejections offer new views of how our planet’s ionosphere reacts to such stressful occurrences. Essentially, a hole forms in the atmosphere. What would happen if such an event occurred during a space weather outburst? Shinbori suggests that disaster planners take them into account. “Such cases have not been incorporated into space weather forecast models,” he said. “This study will contribute to the prevention of satellite broadcasting and communication failures associated with ionospheric disturbances caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other events.”

Key to such planning is a better understanding of our ionosphere—which we depend on for communications. The ionosphere is a region of the Earth’s upper atmosphere. It’s where solar radiation ionizes molecules and atoms. That creates positively charged ions. The area with the highest concentration of these ionized particles is called the F-region, an area 150 to 800 km above the Earth’s surface. This area of the atmosphere plays a crucial role in long-distance radio communication, reflecting and refracting radio waves used by satellite and GPS tracking systems back to the Earth’s surface. Strong solar storms can disrupt the F-region. It’s happened in the past, and will continue to do so, especially during times of maximum solar activity (called “solar max”.)

It could be doubly disastrous if a volcanic eruption, for example, affects the ionosphere the way the Tongan eruption did. Theoretically, the damage to communications could be severe. That’s why Professor Shinbori calls for the addition of volcanic eruption effects on space weather disaster planning.

For More Information

• Eruption of Tonga Underwater Volcano Found to Disrupt Satellite Signals Halfway Around the World
• Generation of Equatorial Plasma Bubble After the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption
• Tonga Eruption Blasted Unprecedented Amount of Water Into Stratosphere

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{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

23-05-2023 om 23:45 geschreven door peter  

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - 23/05/2023

Japan Releases Fully Performing Female AI Robots

We all rely on technology for most of our daily tasks, but it really is a double-edged sword. On one hand, we have amazing tools that make life both easy and cool. But on the other hand, they’re trying to take our jobs! From newscasters to bartenders and even mecha pilots, here are 20 Robots That Compete With Humans!

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The World Robot Conference 2022 was held in Beijing. Due to the ongoing offline pandemic, only Chinese robotics companies were represented, and the rest of the world joined in the online format. But the Chinese booths were also, as always, a lot to see. We gathered for you all the most interesting things from the largest robot exhibition in one video!

0:00 Intro

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8:05 Logistics Solutions

9:31 Intelligent Platform

10:03 Robot++

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11:16 Robotic surgical system

Creepy NASA robot snake could one day slither on alien worlds

Meet NASA's EELS (Exobiology Extant Life Surveyor), a new robot snake that could one day explore moons and planets. It can "autonomously map, traverse, and explore previously inaccessible destinations" on Earth and beyond, according to NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

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23-05-2023 om 18:40 geschreven door peter