The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
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UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
11-06-2022
Saucer-shaped craft with antenna on top that collects lightning during thunderstorm filmed in Missouri
Saucer-shaped craft with antenna on top that collects lightning during thunderstorm filmed in Missouri
During a severe electrical thunderstorm on June 7, 2022 in Saint Joseph, Missouri, a photographer while filming the thunderstorm, noticed a huge saucer-shaped object in the center of the thunderstorm.
The object appears to have a strange antenna on top of it that collects lightning, which is easily recognizable as lightning bolts are connected to the antenna.
Since it seems that the vapor clouds are influenced by the shape of the object, I suppose that the object is not a natural cloud, but a solid craft created by intelligent design whether man-made or of alien origin.
It is often said that UFOs use lightning to recharge their batteries. Could these images be proof of it?
Footage of the thunderstorm with saucer shaped craft starts at about the 3.05 mark in the video.
The Alien Abduction: Pascagoula man says he had an encounter with aliens
The Alien Abduction: Pascagoula man says he had an encounter with aliens
The Pascagoula Abduction was an alleged UFO sighting and alien abduction in 1973, in which Charles Hickson and Calvin Parker claimed they were abducted by aliens while fishing near Pascagoula, Mississippi.
On the evening of October 11, 1973, 42-year-old Charles Hickson and 19-year-old Calvin Parker told the Jackson County, Mississippi Sheriff's office they were fishing off a pier on the west bank of the Pascagoula River in Mississippi when they heard a whirring/whizzing sound, saw two flashing blue lights, and observed an oval shaped object 30–40 feet across and 8–10 feet high.
Parker and Hickson claimed they were "conscious but paralyzed" while three "creatures" with "robotic slit-mouths" and "crab-like pincers" took them aboard the object and subjected them to an examination.
After so many years of keeping it a secret from his own family, Calvin Parker's declining health has given him a reason to write a book and leave his legacy. Calvin Parker is now ready to tell the story of the event that would change his life forever.
In a recent interview with Fox10news, Parker said he’s glad the government is starting to talk about UFO’s, but he believes the government is still afraid to tell the truth about UFOs and extraterrestrials, it’s going to cause panic. But Parker thinks if they just tell the truth, people can handle it. Whether it’s good or bad, just tell it like it is.
There’s even been some politicians who have contacted Parker about this. Parker can’t call them by name because I’ve been sworn to secrecy. But he knows that they exist. he knows that one day, sooner or later, it’s gonna come out.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Slowly moving unknown elongated force blocks a solar flare
Slowly moving unknown elongated force blocks a solar flare
Asolar flare is partially blocked for a while by an unknown elongated force in front of it.
Normally a solar flare shoots into space in its entirety, but this flare is blocked by something in front of it, making it appear that only a part of the flare can move around an unknown elongated force before shooting into space.
It appears that the elongated force is moving slowly through the solar flare, suggesting it could be a very large cigar-shaped spacecraft.
It Was Definitely A UFO That Shut Down Our Missiles - Aliens Stop Nukes?
It Was Definitely A UFO That Shut Down Our Missiles - Aliens Stop Nukes?
UFOs or UAPs deactivating nuclear missiles: According to Luis Elizondo “There does seem to be some sort of congruency or some sort of intersection between these UAP or UFO sightings and our nuclear technology, whether it’s nuclear propulsion, nuclear power and generation, or nuclear weapons systems. Furthermore, those same observations have been made overseas in other countries. They too have had the same incidents, so that tells us this a global issue.
Now in the US, we’ve had incidents where these UFOs/UAPs have interfered and actually brought offline their nuclear capabilities. One of the most famous cover-up cases was the UFO that shutdown nuclear missiles at Montana's Malmstrom Air Force Base in 1967.
Former Air Force captain Robert Salas has claimed Pentagon officials lied about not having information about a mysterious UFO incident that deactivated US nuclear missiles in 1967.
Intelligence officials Scott Bray and Ronald Moultrie were grilled by a House sub-committee in the first public UFO hearing in more than 50 years and asked about the incident, Bray said: 'That data is not within the holdings of the UAP task force… I have heard stories, I have not seen the official data on that'.
But Salas told DailyMail that he reported the event at the time, has spoken about it repeatedly, and reported it to the government's UFO task force in 2021 and the response he got was: "We already know your story so unless you've got something new, we don't need to hear what you've got to say",' Robert Salas said .
The former Air Force captain was on duty at Montana's Malmstrom Air Force Base in March 1967 when a mysterious red orb flew over, the security guards witnessed a glowing red, saucer-shaped orb and seconds later, klaxons and warning lights went off warning that the nukes had become inactive." Within the next few seconds, we had lost six to eight missiles to a 'No-Go' (inoperable) condition," Salas said.
An old footage shows that indeed a UFO deactivates a nuclear missile.
In the next two videos, Nick Pope investigates the story of nuclear missiles shutting down unexpectedly at the same time UFOs appear above an Air Force base as well as former AATIP director Luis Elizondo says that UFOs have taken U.S. nuclear capabilities ‘offline.'
Neil DeGrasse Tyson on UFOs, Multiverse and Black Holes
Neil DeGrasse Tyson on UFOs, Multiverse and Black Holes
Congress held its first public hearing on UFOs in over 50 years, signaling how lawmakers are pressuring military leaders to take the issue more seriously.
Now one of these issues refers to a video from July of 2019 that captured through night vision goggles and a single lens reflex camera multiple objects, initially identified as UAPs, harassing Navy ships participating in Naval Exercises off Sothern California were according to a report drones and not otherworldly UFOs that swarmed Navy ships off California and it even happened again off another coast.
Astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson joins MSNBC’s Ari Melber to discuss not only about the open UFO hearing, but also about a Multiverse and Black Holes.
On May 17, congressman Mike Gallagher inquired about the Wilson documents to Pentagon representatives. The Wilson memo (or documents) mention a top secret UFO back-engineering program discussed by Astrophysicist Dr Eric W. Davis, a Pentagon consultant who worked on many black projects.
This simple inquiry could force the hand of the DOD to reveal the presence of such a program.
Other people of note inside this video: Luis Elizondo from AATIP, investigative journalist Ross Coulthart and astronaut Edgar Mitchell.
Man Claims He Was Hypnotised And Almost Adducted By Aliens!
Man Claims He Was Hypnotised And Almost Adducted By Aliens!
John describes his encounter years back when he witnessed an alien ship! He then claims he was hypnotised and almost adducted! Anna also explains the time she experienced an alien sighting when she was young.
The military’s UFO database currently has information from over 400 documented events
The military’s UFO database currently has information from over 400 documented events
A Navy intelligence official told senators at a congressional hearing that a database of UFO reports now includes nearly 400 encounters, up from 143 analyzed in a study issued about a year ago.
According to the military’s 2021 report, no proof of aliens was discovered. Even while there are events that cannot be explained, Scott W. Bray, the deputy director of Naval Intelligence, told legislators that they have not discovered anything “non-terrestrial in origin.”
He said that none of the reported objects attempted to speak with US aviators and that no attempt was made to connect with them since they all looked to be unmanned.
According to Bray, reports of unidentified flying objects, also known as unexplained aerial phenomena or UAPs by the military, have been growing. He attributed the increase to better sensors, an increase in drones and other non-military unmanned aerial systems, and “aerial clutter” such as Mylar balloons.
According to Bray, incidents in the 2021 report extend back to 2004 and were based on both sensor data and views by military aviators.
MAccording to Ray many of the more recent submissions lack sensor data because they were from people coming forward with older stories that they opted not to disclose at the time. He also added that that shows that the military’s efforts to de-stigmatize such reports are bearing fruit.
Bray also said that navy and air force crews now have step-by-step protocols on their kneeboard, in the cockpit, for reporting UAPs.
Rep. Andre Carson, D-Ind. Said that the endeavor was vital, he observed that suspicion about UFOs certainly drove pilots to avoid reporting them or to be mocked if they did.
Transparency vs. confidentiality
The Pentagon’s senior intelligence official, Ronald S. Moultrie, testified at Tuesday’s session, which was the first public hearing on UFOs in more than 50 years. In the hearing, he underlined the opposing requirements for transparency and secrecy.
Moultrie mentioned that he enjoys science fiction and that they want to know what’s out there just like every other person wants to know what’s out there. However, he said that his main priority was to keep US military people and sites secure.
In his introductory notes, Moultrie commented that they are also cognizant of their commitment to preserving sensitive sources and procedures. Their objective is to achieve that delicate balance – one that allows them to keep the public’s trust while preserving those capabilities critical to the support of the military men.
They don’t want prospective enemies to know exactly what we see or comprehend, Moultrie added later in the interview, which was followed by a secret closed-door session.
Moultrie told legislators that as the initiative proceeds forward, a significant focus would be on strengthening coordination with the Federal Aviation Administration and other government agencies.
Bray agreed with Rep. Brad Wenstrup, R-Ohio, that streamlining the civilian reporting procedure would be beneficial. While some civilian reports have been included in the military’s database, the great majority have originated from within the military.
It was the first congressional hearing on the issue since then-Rep. Gerald Ford’s campaign resulted in an Air Force study and hearing in 1969.
Open C3 Subcommittee Hearing on Unidentified Aerial Phenomena
This new Unidentified Aerial Phenomena video was released 27 May. It was recorded from an Apache helicopter training mission in southern Arizona in April 2019. In the video the student says, “is that 3 very fast moving jets?” and the instructor says “probably A-10s or F-16s.” I flew in this area during my own F16 training and give my initial analysis of the speeds of the objects if they are 1 or 2 miles away.
The inside story on how 62 students witnessed the same UFO experience at school
The inside story on how 62 students witnessed the same UFO experience at school
The origins of 62 children’s claims of seeing a UFO landing outside their school remain unknown.
The children said they saw a disc-shaped aircraft drop from the sky and land in the fields outside their Zimbabwean school three decades ago.
The story has grabbed the curiosity of UFO enthusiasts because of the large number of people who claim to have seen the same thing.
The majority of UFO sightings happen in the West, and this one in Africa helped bring more attention to it when it occurred.
Even now, 28 years later, several of the children insist that they saw a UFO on September 16, 1994.
Ariel Phenomenon, a new documentary film, has given the witnesses the opportunity to share their version of events.
Many people, however, deny that the children saw an alien spacecraft and believe that the accusations are just an instance of mass paranoia unfolding.
In the documentary, the now-adult children testify about what they witnessed.
They also express their struggle to be heard and believed while being doubted along the road.
Randall Nickerson, the film’s director, told The Sun that the eyewitnesses must be given an opportunity to be heard and their experiences must not be ignored.
Nickerson has added that they have to be able to be honest about other people’s experiences because maybe they don’t understand what is going on.
It is vital at this moment, as we are witnessing more and more as our technology advances. It’s something we’ll have to communicate about and look into, and Ariel is a big part of it.
When the tragedy occurred, the students at the rural Ariel School were on their morning break.
At 10 a.m., faculty members were holding a meeting inside and were not present to witness the tragedy.
Former students said the landing lasted around 15 minutes and that they observed an object fall from the skies onto a field beyond the school’s playground.
Some of the children fled as soon as they saw the spacecraft land.
Others claimed to have seen alien humanoids leave the craft, which eyewitnesses reported as being shaped like a silver disc.
Following the purported sighting, reports of the incident spread, and BBC War Correspondent Tim Leach documented it.
When the youngsters offered their versions of what transpired that day, they were between the ages of six and twelve.
Dr. John Mack of Harvard University, a psychiatry expert, learned about the incident and wanted to examine the witnesses.
Dr. Mack concluded that the children’s accounts were credible after conversing with them.
The children claimed to have seen at least one UFO and alien figure, and they even drew what they witnessed.
UAP Encounters and Videos Revealed by Homeland Security Agent
UAP Encounters and Videos Revealed by Homeland Security Agent
Robert “Bob” Thompson, a former top CBP agent, describes in detail his attempts to construct a reporting system for contacts with unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP). This happened while he was serving as a federal agent with US Customs and Border Patrol’s Tucson Sector Special Operations Group in an exclusive article published on May 27th by the defense and technology news site.
The authors of The Debrief’s bombshell article, Tim McMillan, Christopher Plain, and Micah Hanks share Thompson’s story and reveal for the first time the video which was captured by a U.S. Army AH-64 “Apache” attack helicopter revealing 3 fast-moving objects execution maneuvers that seemingly defy all explanations.
The video (available to watch below!) is also reported as revealing “inexplicable movements by the objects, implying that the video likely constitutes the first publicly accessible footage obtained by advanced military sensor systems that show UAP plainly displaying very unorthodox flying characteristics.”
Thompson served in the Arizona Air Coordination Center, which functioned as the principal center of Air Operations within the Tucson Sector, from 2020 to 2021, according to an official news release from The Debrief. Along with his professional responsibilities, he spent time investigating UAP sightings he heard about within the agency, including gathering films and photographs acquired by sophisticated government systems. His boss requested him to write a report explaining why state security agencies wanted to take UAP seriously. After informing the DHS aviation community of his interest in UAP encounters, numerous DHS and National Guard pilots started sharing their UAP contacts, including incidences captured with advanced imaging systems on various aircraft.
One of these films, shot by an AH-64 Apache attack helicopter in November 2018, contains 3 fast-moving objects flying in a loose triangle configuration that abruptly begin to spin into each other as if revolving around an unknown axis while maintaining a constant eastward track. The event and footage are being made public for the first time.
Chris Lehto, a former US Air Force F-16 pilot with a Master’s Degree in Aeronautical Science, was also interviewed for the Debrief. He decided after reviewing the film that the things seen are definitely out of the ordinary. The objects complete a 360-degree turn in less than three seconds, exhibiting a turn rate that is an order of magnitude quicker than one of the world’s fastest turning airplanes.
Chris Lehto, a former US Air Force F-16 pilot
Thompson sent the video, along with many others, to UFO researcher Andy Marcial, who maintains the NY UAP Discussions Instagram account. Marcial later revealed in The Debrief piece that he was amazed when Thompson contacted him with the clip. However, it was something that people needed to see.
On Saturday, May 28th, the footage will be studied and presented at the UFO Disclosure Symposium. The event will include a live internet and in-person media press conference with analysts, footage holders, and industry professionals discussing and answering questions about the findings. Paul Hynek, Dr. Travis Taylor (astrophysicist), and Dr. Avi Loeb (Harvard physicist and professor) will be among the analysts.
Members of the United States House Intelligence Subcommittee on Counterterrorism, Counterintelligence, and Counterproliferation convened legislative hearings with top military officials on May 17, 2022, to explore military reports of inexplicable aerial phenomena. Several movies were exhibited that were captured by US military cameras and monitored by very advanced sensors. This latest release by Thompson and Marcial demonstrates that the United States is ready to engage in serious debates about UAP and the potential concerns they may represent to national and homeland security. Perhaps in the near future, we will see these tapes and the people involved testifying in another senate session. As we proceed towards the uncertain yet fascinating future of the UAP enigma, only time will tell.
Reflective UFOs appeared in a tight cluster over Lansing, Michigan 25-May-2022
Reflective UFOs appeared in a tight cluster over Lansing, Michigan 25-May-2022
Check out this UFO footage filmed over Lansing, Michigan on 25th May 2022.
Witness report:
Reflective objects appeared in a tight cluster, roughly 1 – 2 miles north of my position on top of Granger Landfill. These objects quickly gained altitude, moving approximately 2 – 3 miles in 5 seconds. When I first witnessed the objects gaining altitude, I reach for my phone and accessed my camera, within the time frame, they had moved from the treeline to where the video begins. These were flying at various altitudes, hovering at times.
Boomerang shaped UFO hovered and moved slowly – Montgomery, Indiana
Boomerang shaped UFO hovered and moved slowly – Montgomery, Indiana
This bright boomerang shaped object was filmed over Montgomery in Indiana. This happened back in 15th June 2018 but it was just recently published online.
Witness report:
A boomerang shaped object that appeared to be dull silver / geay was moving slowly across the sky. It seemed to hover for a short period, then started moving again in the same direction that it came from. It was a very sunny afternoon with no cloud cover. We were in the middle of a soybean farm at a small racetrack. I have about 4 minutes of video that I took with my phone. The object was bery far away, but I was able to zoom in and capture it. I had to keep moving my phone to try to get it centered on the screen. It was hard to see it on the screen because the sun was high in the sky, and it was hard for me to see my phone screen.
Here’s one interesting footage of a bright lights making maneuvers in the sky above Daytona Beach in Florida on 28th May 2022.
Witness report:
My wife and I had just stepped out of our condo when we observed lights hovering in the sky, in a V shape formation. The lights were glowing and would turn off and on, reappearing elsewhere in the sky. I managed to obtain video and a still shot of the objects using my cell phone. Attached is a video of what we observed along with a still shot. According to social media, news outlets were reporting that these objects were being seen all over Florida for the past 1-2 hours, prior to my wife and I seeing them. I am a retired 30 year Police Officer and have served in 2 branches of the military. I know what I saw…..and have never seen anything like this before.
UAP footage shot by a US Army helicopter has just been made public
UAP footage shot by a US Army helicopter has just been made public
During a training exercise in Arizona in 2018, UAP obtained a video from an Army Apache Attack Helicopter.
In the year 2018, on November 6th, the pilots of a US Army AH-64 Apache attack helicopter were participating in a military drill in Arizona when they saw three unidentified aircraft phenomena, or UAPs, doing abnormal maneuvers in the air not that far away and not very up in the sky.
At least, that’s the tale that accompanied the newest piece of what used to be known as a UFO video released to YouTube on Friday in the AMs by the science, defense, and technology website The Debrief, in conjunction with the commencement of a UFO Disclosure Symposium that weekend in Vernal, Utah.
The video was shot from an airfield on the desert floor, looking up, where 3 UFOs can be seen traveling throughout the sky at what appears to be a quick rate.
One of the pilots questioned if those were three incredibly fast jets up there, to which another pilot replied that they were most likely A-10s or F-16s.
The 3 beams of light appeared to dance around each other as they move, defying known physics for a mechanical aircraft.
Former US Air Force F-16 fighter pilot Chris Lehto told The DeBrief that the circle-dance maneuver is just not conceivable. They do a full 360-degree turn in under 3 seconds.
Astronomers discover colossal wave-shaped gaseous structure that is 9,000 light years long and 400 light years wide - the largest ever seen in our Milky Way galaxy
Astronomers discover colossal wave-shaped gaseous structure that is 9,000 light years long and 400 light years wide - the largest ever seen in our Milky Way galaxy
Giant wave changes our 150-long knowledge of interconnected stellar nurseries
Stellar nurseries are star-forming regions of contracting cloud and dust
The 'Radcliffe wave' reaches trillions of miles above and below our galactic disk
The US astronomers used data from European Space Agency's Gaia spacecraft
Astronomers have discovered the largest gaseous structure ever observed in our galaxy, transforming human knowledge of the shape of matter in the Milky Way.
The wave-shaped structure is about 9,000 light years long and 400 light years wide, stretching 500 light years above and below the mid-plane of our galaxy's disc.
The long and relatively thin thread-like structure is undulating, like 'a ripple in the pond', and contains a huge network of stellar nurseries – star forming regions.
The team from Harvard used new data from the European Space Agency's Gaia spacecraft to construct a 3D map of interstellar matter in the galaxy.
This image, taken from the World Wide Telescope, represents the study data overlaid on an artist's illustration of the Milky Way and our sun.
'We don't know what causes this shape but it could be like a ripple in a pond, as if something extraordinarily massive landed in our galaxy,' said João Alves, professor of stellar astrophysics at the University of Vienna and co-author of the study.
'What we do know is that our sun interacts with this structure.
WHAT IS A STELLAR NURSERY?
Stellar nurseries are an area of outer space with a dense nebula – an interstellar cloud – in which gas and dust are contracting.
Dense regions within these clouds eventually contract and collapse to form stars.
They are called nurseries because they are star-forming regions filled with young stars.
This new discovery is one giant undulating wave gaseous clouds and dust – the largest seen in our galaxy.
'It passed by a festival of supernovae as it crossed Orion 13 million years ago, and in another 13 million years it will cross the structure again, sort of like we are "surfing the wave".'
The structure is made up of interconnected stellar nurseries, areas of outer space with dense clouds of gas and dust.
It transforms a 150-year-old vision of the galaxy, which researchers previously believed was made up of nearby stellar nurseries that formed an expanding ring oriented around the sun, known as the Gould Belt.
The Gould's Belt was first described by Benjamin Gould in 1879 as a collection of bright and massive stars that formed a ring in a projection on the sky.
Scientists have dubbed the new wave-like discovery the 'Radcliffe wave' – after the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University, where the discovery was made.
'No astronomer expected that we live next to a giant, wave-like collection of gas – or that it forms the Local Arm of the Milky Way,' said Professor Alyssa Goodman, co-director of the Science Program at the institute.
'The wave's very existence is forcing us to rethink our understanding of the Milky Way's 3D structure.'
Illustration of colourful filaments of dust that form part of the Gould Belt, a collection of bright and massive stars that formed a ring in a projection on the sky, first observed in 1879
The study was made possible by new data from Gaia – the European Space Agency's spacecraft, which was launched in 2013 with the mission of precisely measuring the position, distance and motion of the stars.
The new structure comprises the majority of nearby star-forming regions and contains about three million solar masses of gas – one solar mass is equal to the mass of our sun.
The wave includes many of the stellar nurseries that were previously thought to form part of Gould's Belt.
For a long time, astronomers have been trying to figure out if bright stars forming an arc in the sky actually form a ring in 3D.
'Instead, what we've observed is the largest coherent gas structure we know of in the galaxy, organised not in a ring but in a massive, undulating filament,' said professor Alves.
'The sun lies only 500 light years from the wave at its closest point. It's been right in front of our eyes all the time, but we couldn't see it until now.'
The new, 3D map shows our galactic neighbourhood in a new light, providing a revised view of the Milky Way and potentially opening the door to other major discoveries.
The new discovery is detailed in Nature and viewable as a 3D map on the WorldWide Telescope tour website.
It has been based on two research papers previously published by a team led by Harvard graduate student Catherine Zucker.
These two papers detail distances among stellar nurseries using advanced statistical techniques that map the 3D distribution of dust, using vast surveys of the stars' colours.
Since its launch in 2013, Gaia has enabled measurements of the distances to one billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy.
WHAT IS THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY'S GAIA PROBE AND WHAT IS DESIGNED TO DO?
Gaia is an ambitious mission to chart a three-dimensional map of our galaxy, the Milky Way, and in the process reveal its composition, formation and evolution.
Gaia has been circling the sun nearly a million miles beyond Earth's orbit since its launch by the European Space Agency (ESA) in December 2013.
On its journey, the probe has been discreetly snapping pictures of the Milky Way, identifying stars from smaller galaxies long ago swallowed up by our own.
Tens of thousands of previously undetected objects are expected to be discovered by Gaia, including asteroids that may one day threaten Earth, planets circling nearby stars, and exploding supernovas.
Artist's impression of Gaia mapping the stars of the Milky Way. Gaia maps the position of the Milky Way's stars in a couple of ways. It pinpoints the location of the stars but the probe can also plot their movement, by scanning each star about 70 times
Astrophysicists also hope to learn more about the distribution of dark matter, the invisible substance thought to hold the observable universe together.
They also plan to test Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity by watching how light is deflected by the sun and its planets.
The satellite's billion-pixel camera, the largest ever in space, is so powerful it would be able to gauge the diameter of a human hair at a distance of 621 miles (1,000 km).
This means nearby stars have been located with unprecedented accuracy.
Gaia maps the position of the Milky Way's stars in a couple of ways.
Gaia’s all-sky view of our Milky Way Galaxy and neighbouring galaxies, based on measurements of nearly 1.7 billion stars. The map shows the total brightness and colour of stars observed by the ESA satellite in each portion of the sky between July 2014 and May 2016. Brighter regions indicate denser concentrations of especially bright stars, while darker regions correspond to patches of the sky where fewer bright stars are observed. The colour representation is obtained by combining the total amount of light with the amount of blue and red light recorded by Gaia in each patch of the sky.
It pinpoints the location of the stars but the probe can also plot their movement, by scanning each star about 70 times.
This is what allows scientists to calculate the distance between Earth and each star, which is a crucial measure.
In September 2016, ESA released the first batch of data collected by Gaia, which included information on the brightness and position of over a billion stars.
In April 2018, this was expanded to high-precision measurements of almost 1.7 billion stars.
A lot of things viewed as unusual by the people from the present day used to take place in ancient Egypt. While some of these aspects are fascinating, others can be simply regarded as odd. Going beyond this, ancient Egypt has proven to be a fantastic civilization which continues to inspire individuals even today. Out of the countless lesser-known aspects regarding ancient Egypt, some interesting ones are revealed here.
1. World's First Known Female Pharaoh
Ancient Egypt gave the world the first female pharaoh who is still known in the present day. Her name was Merneith. She lived around 5000 years ago, belonging to the First Dynasty. She died around 2950 BC, after ascending to the throne once her husband, Pharaoh Djet, died. The son of the couple, Den, should have become pharaoh, but he was too young. So, around 2990 BC, his mother's reign began. Merneith (who had royal blood, being a descendant of Pharaoh Narmer who had unified Egypt and started the First Dynasty in the past) took care of state matters. Even though not much is really known about her, one thing remains certain: during her administration the ancient Egyptian economy thrived and, later on, thanks to his mother's guidance, Den came to be regarded as the greatest pharaoh of the First Dynasty.
The tomb of the female pharaoh was discovered at Abydos. It was very unusual for the tomb of a woman, being identical to other tombs that had been constructed for great male pharaohs. It included 40 sacrificed servants, many sacrificed animals, and a boat on which the soul of the female pharaoh could sail in the afterlife to meet the Sun god, Ra. In this way, Merneith set the ground for other great female pharaohs who are probably a little more well-known such as Hatshepsut and Cleopatra. However, the reality of female pharaohs is not the only fascinating and lesser-known fact about ancient Egypt. So, let the adventure into the old world of gods and mummies begin!
2. Tutankhamun’s Beard
In ancient Egypt, having hair on one's body was seen as dirty and a sign one was lacking in personal hygiene. Because of this, both men and women shaved off all the hair from their bodies. This included shaving their heads. After doing this, women would wear beautifully adorned wigs with complex designs according to the fashion of the times. In the case of the pharaoh, the beard was a symbol of masculinity and power. But, obviously, the pharaoh could not grow a beard because hair on the body implied uncleanliness. So, an artificial beard would be attached to the pharaoh's face using strings to keep it in place. The funerary gold mask of Pharaoh Tutankhamun presents an example of such a beard.
In the case of the discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb, Carter and his team had not been the best archaeologists. Instead, they were much closer to the image of treasure hunters. As a result, while handling the solid gold funerary mask they managed to break off the beard. Unable to use the same method applied by the ancient Egyptians who had crafted the mask, around the year 1944 the beard was fixed back onto the mask using a piece of wood. That was how the relic was displayed until August 2014 when the beard was accidentally broken off again by some Egyptian employees from the museum. Obviously, these museographers realized the gravity of the situation, so they decided to hide their mistake by gluing the beard back on using adhesive. To make it look even better, they removed the visible remains of the adhesive substance by using some metal tools to scrape them off. Ultimately, the mask ended up looking really bad.
To fix the relic, a restoration commission from Germany showed up. They worked for nine weeks just to remove the adhesive substance. They masked the scratches and reattached the beard using beeswax, the exact substance that had originally been used in this regard by the ancient Egyptians. The eight museographers, including the museum's director, were sent to trial and they will have to pay a large fine.
The famous burial mask of King Tutankhamun on display at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, Egypt
On the 24th of November 1922, Howard Carter discovered the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun. This was thought to have been sealed and untouched, the only tomb of an ancient Egyptian pharaoh that had escaped the action of tomb raiders. Wrong!
Carter understood that others had entered the place before him. Officially, he promised that the tomb would only be unsealed and opened in the presence of Egyptian officials. So, of course, he illegally entered the tomb the night before the grand event. This was no big deal, because others had been there before him, twice actually. The proof of this was a large crack in the exterior door. This had been sealed back up. Also, the pharaoh's belongings from the antechamber were found in disorder, as the tomb raiders had robbed the place in haste. This had happened shortly after the pharaoh's burial. These thieves had been interested in jewelry and precious metal items. Also, they had come for the things which had to be stolen immediately. This refers to perfumes, precious oils, and clothing items. These could not last for years inside the tomb, so if the thieves wanted to sell them for profit, they had to remove them quickly.
Other cracks on the doors of the tomb clearly suggested the second tomb raiding event. The first grave robbers had only broken into the antechamber. The second ones had a larger team and they had been better organized. Their purpose was to access all of the funerary chambers. There was a written inventory detailing everything that had been placed inside the tomb. Carter discovered it. After consulting it, he understood that, in 1922, less than half off all the jewelry and precious metal items originally deposited inside the tomb had remained. This suggests that the tomb raiders had to get out of there quickly, only taking what they could carry.
Not even the seal on the tomb had been the original one. Instead, this had been replaced by the one of Horemheb. This pharaoh had received the throne from Ay (the vizier who had succeeded Pharaoh Tutankhamun). To hide all of this, repairs were made, and the cracks were covered. However, everything had to be done in great haste due to the lack of time, just as the tomb raiders had previously operated. After the second grave robbing event, the tombs of Ramesses II and Ramesses IV were built close to the tomb of Tutankhamun. Tutankhamun was thought to lack importance as a pharaoh, so his tomb no longer attracted interest. Also, the entry to the tomb was covered by sand and, in time, the place was forgotten. The grave robbers switched their attention towards the tombs of other more important pharaohs which had more to offer.
A lot has been discussed about the process of mummification and its stages. However, fewer people have knowledge regarding the costs of this process. It is obvious that nobody got mummified for free in ancient Egypt. Also, it must be mentioned that ancient Egyptians did not use money. The first coins from the area were introduced around 360 BC, but, despite this, ancient Egyptian priests were highly aware of the value of luxury goods and precious metals. These priests were actually the inventors of the mummification business. Their purpose was to obtain profit, as every person had to be mummified after death if he or she wanted to even have an afterlife.
According to Herodotus, Egyptian priests had come up with three main types of mummification. The first was meant for the rich who had to pay what would be equal to about 20,000 euros today for a premium mummification process. The brain was taken out through the nose, the corpse was eviscerated, bathed in expensive wines, spices and oils, kept with salt for around 70 days, the eyes were replaced with two onions and the organs were nicely placed in specialized canopic jars. After the corpse dried up, it would be wrapped in expensive cloth along with specific amulets and sealed with wax and resin. The mummy was given to the family who also had to pay for a sarcophagus, a pyramid or a tomb, some slaves to kill for the mummy to have servants in the afterlife and a few mummified animals. With a relatively decent sarcophagus costing around five goats or a slave, this entire luxury mummification package proved to be really costly.
The type of mummification meant for the middle-class cost around half the price of the luxury package. In this case, the body was not eviscerated. It was just injected with a certain cedar oil which had the effect of dissolving the internal organs. Because this could get messy, a stopper was introduced in the anus of the corpse until the liquefaction was complete. After that, the stopper was removed and all the liquid allowed to flow out of the corpse which was afterwards kept with salt for 70 days. The mummy was then given to the living family members who took it to a common cemetery. The last type of mummification was reserved for the poor and it was paid by the state. The guts were removed, the corpse was washed and kept with salt for 70 days. After this, it was taken out to the desert and buried there without any amulets on it.
Criminals in ancient Egypt were always burned at the stake to prevent them from having an afterlife. As for nobles who had committed crimes during life, they were allowed to kill themselves and their corpses underwent a simple mummification procedure. The major blasphemers were mummified in goat skin, so that the gods from the world beyond could know of their actions. As for pets, animal mummification cost between 1000 and 5000 euros in today’s money. Those who wanted to impress others would mummify larger animals such as crocodiles or bulls.
Corruption has always existed, and even ancient Egypt had to confront this reality. Horemheb ruled Egypt as a pharaoh between the years 1319/1306 and 1292 BC. He was the first ancient Egyptian ruler who led a serious fight against corruption. During the reign of Akhenaten and that of his son, Tutankhamun, corruption had increased and gotten out of control. Starting as a commoner, Horemheb managed to become a general and, later on, he sat on the throne as pharaoh.
Tutankhamun had died at the age of 18 in suspicious circumstances. He was succeeded by the vizier Ay who was murdered. Horemheb did not want to share their fate. As a pharaoh, he issued drastic laws and worked hard to eradicate corruption. To be sure he was in control, he personally replaced all judges and state officials. He also made bribery punishable by death. This had never been applied before in this regard, the harshest punishment for bribery until the time of Horemheb was a threat that the god Anubis would be very upset with the individual in the afterlife. As he thought Anubis had more important issues to attend to, Horemheb radically changed the system and dealt with punishments personally.
Death was the sentence given to thieves. Mutilation was inflicted upon those who committed fraud and those who set taxes too high for the population. The mutilation referred to here consisted of cutting off the nose and the ears of the trespasser. The person would then be exiled to Tharu, a region ancient Greeks began to refer to as Rhinocolura, because a lot of people who lived there had no noses.
Detail of a statue of Horemheb, at the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
To a certain extent, the fight against corruption undergone by Pharaoh Horemheb proved successful for a time. The ancient Egyptian ruler actually died a natural death, but, afterwards, his example was no longer followed.
Top image: Ancient columns at the Temple of Horus at Edfu, Egypt.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
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