Ancient Tomb Entrance On Mars, Link To Egypt? Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of discovery: May 10, 2022

Location of discovery: Mars

NASA 1: 

• https://mars.nasa.gov/raw_images/1064629/?site=msl

NASA 2: 

• https://mars.nasa.gov/raw_images/1064628/?site=msl

Hey, as you already know, I like checking the Mars rover photos on a daily basis and something strange caught my eye. A doorway!

 

Mars has so much proof of ancient alien life on it. Look at these recent photos taken by the rover this week. Two photos show a doorway into the hillside. The entrance looks very similar to the ancient Egyptian entrances in Vally of the Kings in Egypt. This doorway is about two X the size of the people I have reported finding on Mars over the last decade...which vary from 8 inches to 12 inches tall. With so much concrete evidence (no pun intended) I don't know how archeologists could deny such things. I mean, archeologists became what they are for the passion they have at cracking the mystery of life at different stages. Mars...is proof of life so early it goes beyond anything the Earth has to offer. 100% proof that ancient intelligent species once lived and thrived on Mars. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

11-05-2022 om 22:44 geschreven door peter  

On the evening of May 7, 2022 a rare red sky appeared in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province. The local meteorological bureau of Zhoushan said that the red glow was simply the result of light, likely from fishing boats, reflecting of off low level clouds. 

A blogger said that in 1770, there was a bloody sky for nine days in many countries. In 2017, Japanese scientists published a paper in Astrophysics express, believing that the bloody sky event in 1770 was caused by large-scale solar activity. 

If it was the case of lights of fisher boats reflecting off low level clouds, then that should happen much more often and people would know and recognize it, but that is not the case here. 

I think the red glow is more something like the 1770 event or it could be a test of some sort of (space) weapon. 

An odd detail is that magnetic elements fell from the sky after the red glow which can be seen in the following video; it is clear that they cover it up for some reason.

     

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

11-05-2022 om 21:37 geschreven door peter  

Tic-Tac / Walnut like UFO Hovering Over South Beach, Miami | 10 May 2022

Here’s one interesting footage of a bright UFO hovering above South Beach in Miami, Florida on 10th May 2022.

What do you think about it?

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

11-05-2022 om 21:20 geschreven door peter  

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS

Black Circular UFO Passing The Moon Spotted By Amateur Astronomer In Colombia. May 8, 2022

This object was spotted durning one of Ruben Ariza livestreams from his home in Armenia in Quindío, Colombia on May 8, 2022. In the footage we can see this UFO fly into view leaving Ruben in absolute joy at this sighting. As the craft passes the moon it seems to be casting a shadow on the moon's surface.

Thanks to Ruben Ariza for his diligent work and sharing his work with the world..

• https://www.facebook.com/ruben.ariza.144

To view the original footage: Start at 3:50 mark of this livestream:

• https://www.facebook.com/ruben.ariza....

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

11-05-2022 om 20:40 geschreven door peter  

Mars' Carbon Dioxide Glaciers are on the Move

In 1666, famed Italian astronomer and mathematician Giovanni Cassini (the man who discovered four of Saturn’s largest moons) observed the Martian polar ice caps for the first time. However, it was not until the late-18th century, when Sir William Herschel recorded his own observations, that the connection to Earth’s own ice caps was established. In his subsequent treatise, “On the remarkable appearances at the polar regions on the planet Mars” (1784), noted how the southern cap grew and shrunk due to seasonal changes.

With the development of modern telescopes and robotic explorers, scientists have learned a great deal more about these polar deposits. In 2011, they learned that unlike the northermost ice sheet, the southern cap is largely composed of frozen carbon dioxide (aka. “dry ice”). According to new research led by the Planetary Science Institute (PSI), glaciers of carbon dioxide ice have been moving and carving features in the southern polar region for more than 600,000 years – and are on the move right now!

The research team was led by Isaac Smith, a former PSI research scientist and an assistant professor of Earth and Space Science at York University in Toronto (where he also holds a Canada Research Chair in Planetary Science). He was joined by geologists, glaciologists, and engineers from the PSI, York University, the Institute of Low-Temperature Science and Arctic Research Center at Hokkaido University in Japan, and the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).

The presence of carbon dioxide glaciers in Mars’ southern polar region was first confirmed in 2011 by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). Along with data obtained by the ESA’s Mars Express, scientists noted that they were flowing like glaciers of water ice do here on Earth, based on the surface features they carved in their wake. As Smith described in a recent PSI press release:

“Approximately 600,000 years ago, CO₂ ice started forming at the Martian south pole. Due to climate cycles, the ice has increased in volume and mass several times, interrupted by periods of mass loss through sublimation. If the ice had never flowed, then it would mostly be where it was originally deposited, and the thickest ice would only be about 45 meters thick. Instead, because it flowed downhill into basins and spiral troughs – curvilinear basins – where it ponded, it was able to form deposits reaching one kilometer thick.”

These observations also showed that the portion of the ice cap composed of water ice appears to be stationary, remaining at high altitudes. In previous research, which Smith helped contribute to while still with the PSI, scientists investigated the strength properties (aka. flow laws) of the carbon dioxide glaciers to determine why this was happening. Their results indicated that under the types of conditions that exist around the southern polar region, carbon dioxide ice flows were almost 100 times faster than water ice glaciers.

For this, they concluded that the CO2 ice behaves like glaciers here on Earth, which makes the slow-moving water ice cap appear stationary. “The glaciers have enough mass that if sublimated, they would double the atmospheric pressure of the planet,” Smith added, citing a 2018 paper by Than Putzig, a PSI Senior Scientist and co-author on this paper. “The longest glacier is about 200 kilometers long and about 40 kilometers across. These are big!”

For this study, Smith and his colleagues relied on the NASA Ice Sheet and Sea-Level System Model (ISSM) to model the glacier’s movements. When adapted for conditions on the surface of Mars and with CO2, they found that typical methods were not moving the carbon dioxide glaciers. They found that while the activity is ongoing, the flow rates peaked about 400,000 years ago when the deposition was at its greatest. Since their ice is currently decreasing in mass, said Smith, the flow rate of the glaciers is currently in a “slow period”:

“Atmospheric deposition would put the ice in a pattern we don’t see. It would be much more evenly spread and thinner. What the glacier interpretation provides is a mechanism to move the ice from high places, into the lower basins that are also at lower [latitudes].

“If atmospheric deposition were the only process acting on the ice, then most of it would be found at the highest latitude and highest elevation. That’s just not the case. The ice is flowing downhill into basins, much like water flows downhill into lakes. Only glacial flow can explain the distribution we found in 2018.” 

This work is bolstered by additional research performed by Smith and his team, which identified several surface features that are very good analogs for features seen on terrestrial glaciers. These include topographic profiles, crevasses, and compression ridges, which provided a basis to compare with their adapted-ISSM models. These findings could also inform future planetary surveys and point towards more “Earth-like” glacier activity.

To date, Earth, Mars, and Pluto are the only bodies in the Solar System known to have actively flowing ice, ranging from water ice and CO₂ to frozen nitrogen. But there are many other icy bodies in the Solar System, including the larger satellites that orbit Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, and the growing number of smaller planets discovered in the Kuiper Belt. Many of these same bodies experience regular exchanges between their interiors and surfaces (endogenic resurfacing, cryovolcanism, etc.).

Many of these bodies will likely have glaciers of their own composed of substances like carbon monoxide, ammonia, and methane, which could behave in even more exotic ways! In the coming years, scientists will be able to test these theories thanks to missions like the Europa Clipper and the Enceladus Orbiter, which will explore two major satellites that have interior oceans and may even support life. The dynamics of their icy surfaces could provide additional evidence of how these moons formed and evolved.

The paper that describes their findings recently appeared in the journal JGR Planets, a publication overseen by the American Geological Union (AGU).

• Further Reading: PSI

The post Mars’ Carbon Dioxide Glaciers are on the Move appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/155766/mars-carbon-dioxide-glaciers-are-on-the-move/

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

11-05-2022 om 01:41 geschreven door peter  

• Video emerged showing the sky above the city of Zhoushan turned an eerie red

• The Chinese port city close to Shanghai sparked fears of an Armageddon

• Local media said the discoloured sky was caused by unusual light refraction 

By TOM BROWN FOR MAILONLINE

Video from the Chinese port-city of Zhoushan neighbouring Shanghai shows the sky turned blood-red under thick layers of fog.

Panic could be heard in the voices of the residents as they recorded the discoloured horizon, stirring apocalyptic fears.

The crimson sky was most prominent by the port, prompting worries that a fire had got out of control.

The red sky became a top trending topics on China's Twitter-like social media, Sina Weibo, attracting more than 150 million views.

On Douyin, China's version of TikTok, users called the red sky a bad omen over China's handling of the Covid-19 pandemic, resurgent in neighbouring Shanghai.

One user said it means: 'Accidents will happen', with another adding. 'I started to stock up on supplies.'

But local media explained the strange weather phenomena was not a sign of Armageddon but in fact a result of light refraction.

Blood red sky blankets city near Shanghai sparking Armageddon fears. The crimson sky was most prominent by the port, prompting worries that a fire had got out of control

Fish are videoed writhing by the port as the red light illuminates the city. The lighting may have come from a fishing boat that was harvesting Pacific saury, according to local media quoting China Aquatic Products Zhoushan Marine Fisheries

The rare weather phenomena attracted millions of views on Chinese social media, trending on Sina Weibo, the Chinese equivalent of Twitter, and attracting more than 150 million views. Local media explained the strange weather phenomena was not a sign of Armageddon but in fact a result of light refraction

'When weather conditions are good, more water in the atmosphere forms aerosols which refract and scatter the light of fishing boats and create the red sky seen by the public,' said the staff of the Zhoushan Meteorological Bureau, according to the Global Times.

The lighting may have come from a fishing boat that was harvesting Pacific saury, according to local media quoting China Aquatic Products Zhoushan Marine Fisheries Co, which owns the boat.

Online sleuths said particulate matter from the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption, found to be the largest volcanic explosion in the 21st century so far, could also have contributed to the light refraction. 

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Historians recently uncovered documents from 1770 from China, Korea and Japan, where eye-witnesses reported the skies turning an eerie red.

Researchers told Live Science that geomagnetic storms, caused by solar eruptions hitting the earth's magnetosphere, might have caused the event.

Chinese state media said solar and geomagnetic activity on Saturday was calm and there were no significant anomalies in solar activity, discrediting the notion that a geomagnetic and solar storm may have turned the sky red in Zhoushan.

During the Carrington Event of 1859, the most intense geomagnetic storm recorded in history, electrical currents in the atmosphere zapped telegraph wires and caused paper to catch fire.

A similar geomagnetic storm today would damage power grids across the world, leaving millions without light or electricity.

Read more:

• Massive Geomagnetic Storm Turned the Skies Red in Ancient China | Live Science
• E China's rare red sky caused by the refraction of lights from fishing boats: local meteorologist - Global Times
• Blood red sky near Shanghai sparks Armageddon fear - Daily Star

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

10-05-2022 om 23:47 geschreven door peter  

Zetas Suggest Blood Red Sky In China And Saskatchewan Canada Is Result Of Nibiru's Approach!!

Zetas Suggest Blood Red Sky In China And Saskatchewan Canada Is Result Of Nibiru’s Approach!!

Blood red sky blankets city near Shanghai sparking Armageddon fear. Surely Nibiru related. [and from another] https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/world-news/blood-red-sky-near-shanghai-26906122 [and from another] Hello Nancy and the Zetas. What will be the comments on this? In the Chinese urban district of Zhoushan, it seems that the apocalypse has begun. [and from another] The sky turned blood red, and so far no one can name the cause of this phenomenon. [and from another] Saskatchewan, Canada: Yorkton sky this evening (Sunday) 5/8/2022, it was so red it looked like it was on fire, and 15 mins later it was gone. Never seen it so bright. Laurie Steele shared image. [and from another] https://t.me/ZetaTalk_Followers/13686

Red skies were noted after Nibiru arrived in the inner Solar System in 2003. These were either ignored by the establishment or claimed to be pollution, even when rust red fell on the white snow of Siberia and blood colored water in bird baths tested positive for iron oxide. Nibiru and its wafting tail are drawing closer to the Earth, and of course this will result in more intense blood red skies. The public knows this is an End Times sign, thus constant denial by the establishment will only enrage the public. Thus the establishment will just fall silent.

• https://zetatalk.com/ning/31ma2022.htm

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

10-05-2022 om 23:18 geschreven door peter  

Mysterious Red Sky Over Zhoushan, China May 7, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: May 7, 2022

Location of sighting: Zhoushan, China

China gov says its caused by fishing boats, but thats a lie, otherwise we would see red skies 365 days a years. There is a mass lockdown in that area for the last few weeks, possible cure in rocket spread to the masses? But my theory is its sun ejection, since magnetic dust has been found on cars in the area. One photo does show a glowing object in the sky over the city, so a UFO can't be ruled out. The object has a glow of its own. It may even be a meteorite that exploded higher up in the atmosphere, spreading its magnetic reflective metallic dust across the sky. Dust that was seen on cars and said to be magnetic. Most meteorites are magnetic to some degree. 

 

Strangely enough, I have a friend from Taiwan in shanghai right now.  She said the entire city is under covid lock down and its hard to get any fresh food. The food they get is old and moldy. Maybe China is using a rocket explosion full of some experimental covid cure to hit the entire area? Just a thought...so many possibilities, we must consider them all. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

  

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

10-05-2022 om 22:17 geschreven door peter  

George Knapp – Secret of Skinwalker Ranch… Latest Update – COAST TO COAST AM 2022

COAST TO COAST AM – April 2022. George Knapp welcomed Brandon Fugal, owner of Utah’s Skinwalker Ranch, along with members of his team from the Secret of Skinwalker Ranch television show: Thomas Winterton, Eric Bard, Kaleb Bench, and Dr. Christopher Lee. Calling the group’s appearance “historic,” Fugal said “I don’t think anyone would have imagined in years past a broadcast live from the most scientifically studied paranormal hotspot.” As researchers and experiencers of the paranormal, Fugal went on, none of the team ever expected to be on a TV show, so the recent media focus on their work is new for all of them. Fugal explained that one of the conditions agreed to by its network is that nothing about the show is ever to be scripted, planned, or contrived.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

10-05-2022 om 21:41 geschreven door peter  

White Objects Over Los Angeles, California May 5, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Email all reports to scwaring@yahoo.com Plz share and subscribe, thanks. 

Date of sighting: May 5, 2022
Location of sighting: Los Angeles, California, USA

 

UFOs and Los Angeles, they some how fit well together. Yeah, I was born in LA and have heard about sightings over the city all my life. This sighting is a little unique in that the objects seen are white. One long snake-like object and many smaller sphere objects. Aliens love California and why not? They got everything there. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

Eyewitness states: 

In the sky was 1 large craft of some sort and then 4 smaller light type crafts below. The smaller ones faded and came back into sight but the large one stayed visible.

  

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

09-05-2022 om 23:49 geschreven door peter  

Disk Seen Over Antalya, Turkey May 6, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: May 6, 2022

Location of sighting: Antalya, Turkey

Source: Email report

 

Watch as the eyewitness sees a metallic disk in the distance. He said he watched until the object just disappeared like smoke, fading into nothingness. Thats is what happens when a UFO raises its cloak of invisibility. Once thought to be foolish superstition, but not known to be a technological fact. This is a rare and great capture from Turkey. I believe it came from an under water alien base below the floor of the Mediterranean Sea. UFOs are watching us, and drop feeding us proof of their existence. Thus, when the times comes to fully disclose and meet us...we humans wont panic. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

Eyewitness states:

Oval and convex roof, from time to time it was spinning, all the time the light was flashing, when it allegedly began to fall, it simply disappeared in the sky, as if it had turned into a cloud.

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

09-05-2022 om 23:34 geschreven door peter  

Object During Thunderstorm, Belmont, North Carolina, May 6, 2022, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: May 6, 2022

Location of sighting: Belmont, North Carolina, USA

Source: Email report

An eyewitness caught a glowing object during a thunderstorm in North Carolina this week. The object moves slowly, but has a steady glow. UFOs are often seen during thunderstorms. I believe its because the UFOs create a static shield around them from the propulsion systems and it could trigger a lightning storm. This is some remarkable and important video, proof that UFOs can change our weather. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

Eyewitness states: 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

09-05-2022 om 22:54 geschreven door peter  

Object Shoots Out of Cloud, Channahon, Illinois May 7, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: May 7, 2022
Location of sighting: Channohon, Illinois, USA

Source: Email report

 

The eyewitness didn't say much except they would like to explore these sightings with an investigator and get some counseling about it. The object is dark like a stealth fighter jet, but makes no sounds and appears round! I know of no USAF round craft that looks like this. This shoots out of the cloud at high speed. Absolutely 100% alien craft here! Fantastic and rare catch. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

09-05-2022 om 22:53 geschreven door peter  

Fast Moving cloud with a silver object behind it – London – 18-Apr-2022

Check out this footage of a strange objects flying over the sky above London, UK on 18th April 2022.

Witness report: 

Cloud moving fast. Behind the cloud is a silver object that is traveling behind the cloud then vanishes

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

09-05-2022 om 22:03 geschreven door peter  

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS

Snake Like UFO Spotted Passing An Airplane Over Carson, California. May 7, 2022

This serpent like UFO was filmed over Carson in California on May 7, 2022 around 8pm. This fast moving object not only moved like a snake but it was self illuminated which leads me to believe this could be some sort of "Biological Organism". The witness stated the following: "This is the fourth time I have caught this snake-like object flying near a chem vehicle. Not sure what it could be. Maybe some of you have seen one..or have an idea what is could be."

Thanks to John Graf for allowing me the use of his footage and to view the original:

• https://youtu.be/O1xpz4gl9L4

• https://youtu.be/5dlxnWXVnZo

Donation are greatly appreciated:

• https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/Hidde...
  

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

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09-05-2022 om 21:00 geschreven door peter  

A Supermassive Black Hole Just Flipped its Entire Magnetic Field

Black holes are powerful cosmic engines. They provide the energy behind quasars and other active galactic nuclei (AGNs). This is due to the interaction of matter with its powerful gravitational and magnetic fields.

Technically, a black hole doesn’t have a magnetic field on its own, but the dense plasma surrounding the black hole as an accretion disk does. As the plasma swirls around the black hole, the charged particles within it generate an electrical current and magnetic field. The direction of the plasma flow doesn’t change spontaneously, so one would imagine the magnetic field is very stable. So imagine the surprise of astronomers when they saw evidence that a black hole’s magnetic field had undergone a magnetic reversal.

In basic terms, a magnetic field can be imaged as that of a simple magnet, with a north and south pole. A magnetic reversal is where the orientation of that imaginary pole flips, and the orientation of the magnetic field flips. This effect is common among stars. Our Sun reverses its magnetic field every 11 years, which drives the 11-year cycle of sunspots astronomers have observed since the 1600s. Even the Earth undergoes magnetic reversals every few hundred thousand years. But magnetic reversals weren’t thought to be likely for supermassive black holes.

In 2018, an automated sky survey found a sudden change in a galaxy 239 million light-years away. Known as 1ES 1927+654, the galaxy had brightened by a factor of 100 in visible light. Soon after its discovery, the Swift Observatory captured its glow in x-rays and ultraviolet. A search of archival observations of the region showed the galaxy actually started to brighten toward the end of 2017.

At the time it was thought this rapid brightening was caused by a star passing close to the galaxy’s supermassive black hole. Such a close encounter would cause a tidal disruption event, which would rip the star apart as well as disrupt the flow of gas in the black hole’s accretion disk. But this new study casts a shadow on that idea.

The team looked at observations of the galactic flare across the full spectrum of light from radio to x-ray. One of the things they noticed was that the intensity of x-rays dropped off very quickly. X-rays are often produced by charged particles spiraling within intense magnetic fields, so this suggested a sudden change in the magnetic field near the black hole. At the same time, the intensity of light in visible and ultraviolet increased which suggested that parts of the black hole’s accretion disk were getting hotter. Neither of these effects is what you’d expect with a tidal disruption event.

Instead, a magnetic reversal better fits the data. As the team showed, as a black hole accretion disk undergoes a magnetic reversal, the fields weaken at the outer edges of the accretion disk first. As a result, the disk can heat up more efficiently. At the same time, the weaker magnetic field means that fewer x-rays are produced by charged particles. Once the magnetic field completes its reversal, the disk returns to its original state.

This is only the first observation of the magnetic reversal of a galactic black hole. We now know they can occur, but we don’t know how common these reversals are. It will take more observations to determine just how many times a galaxy’s black hole can become a switch hitter.

Reference: 

• Laha, Sibasish, et al. “A radio, optical, UV and X-ray view of the enigmatic changing look Active Galactic Nucleus 1ES~ 1927+ 654 from its pre-to post-flare states.” arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.07446 (2022).

The post A Supermassive Black Hole Just Flipped its Entire Magnetic Field appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/155813/a-supermassive-black-hole-just-flipped-its-entire-magnetic-field/

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

09-05-2022 om 01:30 geschreven door peter  

UFO Fleet Passes Space Station, May 6, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: May 6, 2022

Location of sighting: Space Station

Source NASA Video: 

• https://video.ibm.com/recorded/131731068

I was watching the NASA space station live cam when I decided to look back in their indexed videos archive. I found a UFO fleet in a video from 48 hours ago. The fleet of about 31 disks flew past the space station live cam. I made three views of them...first is an extreme close up, second is a close up, and third is the 100% original. None are retouched, all are original color. Please go to the NASA link I provide to confirm this sighting. Without confirmation, it means little. With confirmation...its not only real, but its actually still on the NASA/IBM site right now. 100% proof that aliens are in Earths orbit and moving in huge groups. Look at how evenly spaced they are and how they seem to be flying in military formation. As if they themselves were about to go to war with another alien species out there that threatens them. It looks like this species has our backs. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

08-05-2022 om 23:59 geschreven door peter  

Rep. Tim Burchett (R-Tenn.) says he doesn't trust the Department of Defense after the latest secret briefings on UFOs. 

Rep. Burchett joined “On Balance with Leland Vittert” to discuss his statements as well as what it is he does believe when it comes to extraterrestrial life. 

He believes the Pentagon knows more than what they’re saying following the latest secret briefings on UFOs. “There’s an arrogance in government at that level that we cannot handle what’s going on out there, It’s a bogus cover-up and the government is part of the cover-up and they’re not going to disclose it to us because they don’t trust us, Burchett said.

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

08-05-2022 om 22:41 geschreven door peter  

Fast UFO emerges from a cloud over Channahon, IL YESTERDAY

This really fast UFO was filmed emerging from a cloud over Channahon, a village in Illinois on 7th May 2022!

What do you think about this footage? Please leave your comments below!

{   https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

08-05-2022 om 21:44 geschreven door peter  

Lunar Samples Have Been in the Deep Freeze for 50 Years. NASA Finally has the Right Technology to Study Them Properly

Ever wonder what happened to all those collections of rocks and dust the Apollo astronauts brought back from the Moon? Some of those lunar samples were studied right away. Others made their way into a few museums and science centers and the desks of world leaders. Still others landed in storage at NASA Johnson’s Space Center in Houston. Some got stored at room temperature while others were put into a deep freeze. The idea was to preserve any traces of gases or water or possibly organic materials on them. Now, some of these lunar samples are at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, where they’re under examination for the first time in 50 years using new techniques not available during the Apollo years.

What Do Lunar Samples Have to Tell Us?

Why study old lunar rocks and dust? And, how do you do it? For Natalie Curran, principal investigator for the Mid Atlantic Noble Gas Research Lab at Goddard, the history the samples have experienced on the Moon is a big draw. The lunar surface is a harsh place. There’s no atmosphere and no flowing water. Impact craters, radiation from the Sun, and cosmic rays are the biggest agents of surface change on the Moon.

“Our work allows us to use noble gases, such as argon, helium, neon, and xenon, to measure the duration a sample has been exposed to cosmic rays, and this can help us understand the history of that sample,” said Curran. “Cosmic rays can be damaging to organic material that may be in a sample, so understanding the duration helps to determine the effects that exposure has had on the organic.”

Colleague Jamie Elsila, a research scientist in Goddard’s Astrobiology Analytical Laboratory, finds the existence of small, volatile organic compounds in the samples fascinating. That’s includes amino acids, which are essential to life on Earth. And, they aren’t just found on the Moon and asteroids. They likely exist in a variety of very different places across the solar system, which is what she and her team want to understand.

“We think some of the amino acids in the lunar soils may have formed from precursor molecules, which are smaller, more volatile compounds such as formaldehyde or hydrogen cyanide,” she said. “Our research goal is to identify and quantify these small organic volatile compounds, as well as any amino acids, and to use the data to understand the prebiotic organic chemistry of the Moon.”

Taking Care of Precious Lunar Samples

Several years ago, the Artemis Curation Team at Johnson, led by NASA scientist Julie Mitchell, began planning a new facility. They wanted a place where the Apollo 17 materials could be processed for further study. Creating the lab also provided a chance to plan for the delivery and stated-of-the-art handling of rocks and dust from upcoming Moon missions. Artemis is the next one to go up from NASA. Although the mission is delayed, its eventual launch (possibly in 2025) will deliver the first woman to the Moon. It will also start up the collection of lunar samples where Apollo left off.

The first step was to design and retrofit a special lab for sample preparation. “By doing this work we’re not just facilitating Artemis exploration. We’re facilitating future sample return and human exploration into the rest of the solar system,” Mitchell said. “I feel very privileged to contribute in this small way by developing the capabilities for us to collect these materials, bring them home safely, and curate them for the long term.”

It’s tough to pack the Apollo samples for shipment and keep them pristine. According to Ryan Zeigler, Apollo sample curator, doing it in the cold made things even more difficult. But, it was worth it, he said. Ziegler works at the Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES) division at Johnson. “It’s an important learning lesson for Artemis, as being able to process samples in the cold will be even more important for the Artemis mission than it is for Apollo. This work gives us some lessons learned and a good feed forward for Artemis.”

Keeping things Chill

Cold sample storage is important. It keeps materials from other worlds safe and free from contamination by Earth dirt, rocks, and life. Why is this crucial? For one thing, scientists want to study ONLY Moon materials, not Earth buggies. That’s important when they want to know what conditions are like on the lunar surface.

In addition, future lunar missions will focus on gathering materials from the Moon’s polar regions. That means ice crystals could get brought back, mingled with the dust and rocks. On other parts of the Moon, impact sites could contain amino acids or other organic compounds. Those come from the bits of asteroids that have slammed into the lunar surface. Obviously, it’s important to keep the ice in its pristine, frozen state and the amino acids and other materials safe from Earth-bound contamination. That’s why some of the Apollo samples were “on ice” all these years.

50 years of Storage Combined with Research Will Pay Off

Both frozen and non-frozen Apollo 17 samples arrived at Goddard safely. Now, lunar scientists are focused on teasing out their secrets. Ongoing work on these samples, and future returns from other places, will give new insights about the origin and evolution of other worlds in the solar system.

For more information:

• NASA Goddard Scientists Begin Studying 50-year-old Frozen Apollo 17 Samples

The post Lunar Samples Have Been in the Deep Freeze for 50 Years. NASA Finally has the Right Technology to Study Them Properly appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/155781/lunar-samples-have-been-in-the-deep-freeze-for-50-years-nasa-finally-has-the-right-technology-to-study-them-properly/

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08-05-2022 om 00:27 geschreven door peter