Kan een afbeelding zijn van hond

Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.

This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.

Carl Sagan Space GIF by Feliks Tomasz Konczakowski

X Files Ufo GIF by SeeRoswell.com

1990: Petit-Rechain, Belgium triangle UFO photograph - Think AboutIts

Ufo Pentagon GIF

ufo abduction GIF by Ski Mask The Slump God

Flying Sci-Fi GIF by Feliks Tomasz Konczakowski

Season 3 Ufo GIF by Paramount+

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De bronafbeelding bekijken

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Dear visitor, thank you for your visit.

Cher visiteur, je vous remercie de votre visite.

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Inhoud blog
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    Beoordeel dit blog
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    The purpose of  this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and  free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category.
    Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
     

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    Rondvraag / Poll
    Bestaan UFO's echt? Are UFOs real?Les OVNIS existent-ils vraiement?
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    Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.

    In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!

    In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.

    BEDANKT!!!

    Een interessant adres?
    UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
    UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld
    In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog. Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch... Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels. MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen. MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity... Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com. Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal. Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP. ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
    29-09-2021
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.VIDEO-archief - BELGISCH UFO-MELDPUNT

    VIDEO-archief - BELGISCH UFO-MELDPUNT

    Compilatievideo's per jaar

    Ieder jaar ontvangen we verschillende video-opnames van objecten of fenomenen die mensen niet meteen weten te identificeren.

    Op het einde van elke video lees je het oordeel van onze medewerkers over de ingestuurde beelden.

    https://ufomeldpunt.be/ }

    29-09-2021 om 16:37 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:Frederick's NEWS ITEMS (ENG en NL)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Videobeelden tonen mysterieus lichtverschijnsel boven Vlaanderen: “Geen ufo, maar de lancering van een satelliet

    Videobeelden tonen mysterieus lichtverschijnsel boven Vlaanderen: “Geen ufo, maar de lancering van een satelliet"

    Het Belgische UFO-meldpunt ontving gisterenavond heel wat meldingen, berichten en foto’s van een ongewoon lichtverschijnsel dat plotseling boven Vlaanderen was verschenen. De oorsprong van het lichtverschijnsel bleek geen ufo te zijn, maar wel de lancering van de aardobservatiesatelliet Landsat 9, zo stelt het meldpunt gerust. 

    29-09-2021 om 16:22 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:HLN.be - Het Laatste Nieuws ( NL)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Multiple alerts to Belgian UFO hotline after satellite launch

    Multiple alerts to Belgian UFO hotline after satellite launch

    Credits: NASA/Bill Ingalls

    The Belgian UFO hotline received several messages on Monday evening after concerned citizens saw a mysterious light in the sky over Flanders.

    Reports of a mysterious cone-shaped object started coming in a little after 11:00 PM, but after looking at the images the hotline stepped in to provide an explanation.

    “Last night, a little after 11 pm, several people saw a strange light phenomenon in the sky above Flanders,” the group wrote on Facebook. “It appears to be the launch of the Landsat 9 satellite. This happened yesterday from California with the Atlantis V-401 launcher. #UFOs”

    The earth observation satellite Landsat 9 is the latest in a long line of Landsat satellites. After the first one launched in 1972, NASA has always kept a Landsat in orbit to collect images of the physical material covering our planet’s surface and changes to land usage.

    Researchers use those images to monitor agricultural productivity, forest extent and health, water quality, coral reef habitat health, and glacier dynamics.

    “The Landsat mission is like no other,” said Karen St. Germain, director of the Earth Science Division at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “For nearly 50 years, Landsat satellites observed our home planet, providing an unparalleled record of how its surface has changed over timescales from days to decades.”

    Landsat 9 will work alongside Landsat 8 to collect images across the planet every eight days.

    “It doesn’t happen very often that you see a launch like that,” Frederick Delaere of the UFO hotline told HLN. “If a lot of people from a large region see the same thing, we know that it is happening high in the atmosphere,” he added.

    https://www.brusselstimes.com/ }

    29-09-2021 om 15:58 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:LATEST ( UFO ) VIDEO NEWS ( ENG)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.NASA Rocket from California mistaken for UFO over Suffolk

     NASA Rocket from California mistaken for UFO over Suffolk

    This strange cone which was seen across the UK last night was actually the engine plume of a NASA rocket returning to earth 

    Credit: Marc Osbourne

    People across Suffolk reported seeing a strange glowing triangle in the sky last night, with many jumping to the conclusion that it was a UFO.  

    At around 10pm stargazers began to post on social media about the mysterious object in the sky.

    One Facebook user asked if it "could have been the spotlight of an Apache helicopter through the clouds", while others checked flight radar to see if they could identify the object. 

    But now it has been confirmed that the mysterious triangle was a NASA rocket slowing down before it re-entered the atmosphere.

    The Rocket was sighted across Suffolk 

    Credit: Nick Lingard

    The American Atlas V Rocket had been launched from Vanderberg Space Force base in California earlier that day. 

    The 590 ton, 58 meter tall rocket was designed by Lockheed Martin and operated by United Launch Alliance. 

    On board the rocket was Landsat 9, a NASA satellite launched into orbit to observe the land surface of the Earth.

    The satellite is used for monitoring landscapes across the world, including observing deforestation, urban expansion and glacial retreat. It is the latest in a 50 year history of the program.

    According to the mission website: "Landsat 9 will extend our ability to measure changes on the global land surface at a scale where we can separate human and natural causes of change.

    "When land use and resource availability issues arise, Landsat 9 will help decision makers make informed management decisions.

    "Landsat 9 will thus contribute a critical component to the international strategy for monitoring the health and state of the Earth."

    The engine plume of the centaur upper stage from the Landsat mission was seen as it deorbited itself to avoid becoming space junk seen over East Anglia 

    Credit: Aaron Fickling

    The satellite was successfully delivered into orbit — the photographs show the rocket's upper stage burning its engines in order to bring itself back into the atmosphere, where it can be safely burnt up.

    NASA does this with spacecraft to avoid space junk, which can be dangerous for both satellites and manned missions.

    The Swansea UFO network shared a picture of the light but assured their followers that it was the Atlas V rocket entering the atmosphere.

    "Seen over Swansea/Wales/Uk last night around 10 30pm but don`t worry it’s the Atlas V rocket entering the atmosphere, to deliver 9 satellites to orbit! The rocket launched from California and was last seen heading north across the U.K," Swansea UFO Network wrote.

    Watch video:

    https://www.eadt.co.uk/ }

    29-09-2021 om 15:44 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:LATEST ( UFO ) VIDEO NEWS ( ENG)
    28-09-2021
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.NASA’s Planetary Radar Spots Its 1,000th Near-Earth Asteroid

    NASA’s Planetary Radar Spots Its 1,000th Near-Earth Asteroid

    2021 PJ1, a near-Earth asteroid between 20 and 30 m (66-98 feet) across, safely flew past Earth on August 14, 2021 at a distance of over 1.7 million km (1 million miles). The approach was historic, marking the 1,000th near-Earth asteroid to be observed by NASA’s planetary radar in just over 50 years.

    De bronafbeelding bekijken

    An artist’s impression of an asteroid.

    Image credit: Mark A. Garlick, Space-art.co.uk / University of Warwick / University of Cambridge.

    “Since the first radar observation of the asteroid 1566 Icarus in 1968, this powerful technique has been used to observe passing near-Earth objects (NEOs): asteroids and comets,” said Dr. Lance Benner of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and colleagues.

    “These radar detections improve our knowledge of NEO orbits, providing the data that can extend calculations of future motion by decades to centuries and help definitively predict if an asteroid is going to hit Earth, or if it’s just going to pass close by.”

    “For example, recent radar measurements of the potentially hazardous asteroid Apophis helped eliminate any possibility of it impacting Earth for the next 100 years.”

    “In addition, they can provide scientists with detailed information on physical properties that could be matched only by sending a spacecraft and observing these objects up close.”

    Depending on an asteroid’s size and distance, radar can be used to image its surface in intricate detail while also determining its size, shape, spin rate, and whether or not it is accompanied by one or more small moons.

    In the case of 2021 PJ1, the asteroid was too small and the observing time too short to acquire images.

    But as the 1,000th NEA detected by planetary radar, the milestone highlights the efforts to study the NEAs that have passed close to Earth.

    “2021 PJ1 is a small asteroid, so when it passed us at a distance of over a million miles, we couldn’t obtain detailed radar imagery,” Dr. Benner said.

    “Yet even at that distance, planetary radar is powerful enough to detect it and measure its velocity to a very high precision, which improved our knowledge of its future motion substantially.”

    The astronomers used the 70-m (230-foot) Deep Space Station 14 (DSS-14) antenna at NASA’s Deep Space Network’s Goldstone Deep Space Complex near Barstow, California, to transmit radio waves to 2021 PJ1 and receive the radar reflections.

    “Of all the asteroids observed by planetary radar, well over half were observed by the large 305-m (1,000-foot) telescope at Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico before it was damaged and decommissioned in 2020,” they said.

    “Goldstone’s DSS-14 and 34-m (112-foot) DSS-13 antennas have observed 374 near-Earth asteroids to date.”

    “14 NEAs have also been observed in Australia using antennas at the Deep Space Network’s Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex to transmit radio waves to the asteroids and the CSIRO’s Australian Telescope Compact Array and Parkes Observatory in New South Wales to receive the radar reflections.”

    _____

    • This article is based on text provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

    http://www.sci-news.com/ }

    28-09-2021 om 23:55 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.UFO bombshell as pilots claim they've seen hundreds – but fear they'll be called 'nuts'

    UFO bombshell as pilots claim they've seen hundreds – but fear they'll be called 'nuts'

    EXCLUSIVE One pilot told the Daily Star Sunday that most will use phrases like "unidentified traffic" or "aerial phenomena" rather than unidentified flying objects

    Pilots say they have seen hundreds of UFOs but reporting them could cost their jobs.

    The commercial and military ­aviators claim any crew member who speaks out is risking their career.

    One pilot said airline bosses are so hostile to ET claims that a colleague was told to get counselling after ­reporting a UFO.

    Another told the Daily Star Sunday: "When someone says UFO everyone thinks they are referring to aliens but that is not always the case, especially with the surge in drone activity.

    "Most pilots will use phrases like unidentified traffic or aerial phenomena. No one wants to say UFO.

    UFOs

    Many pilots claim to have seen 'UFOs' in the skies 

    "If you say UFO people think you are either drunk, on drugs or nuts."

    Their fears emerged on an online forum for pilots.

    One member said: "Many airline pilots, self included, and military pilots have had encounters at altitude with UFOs over many decades and before the internet.

    "Encounters are reported internally and amongst colleagues and seldom reach the media.

    Pilot

    A pilot claimed they fear being branded 'nuts' if they come forward about their sightings 

    "When you are fortunate to be a close witness, it is really quite serious stuff.

    "There are advantages in having an office window at 37,000ft."

    Another said that he first saw a UFO 30 years ago when he was flying a cargo jet from Singapore to Brisbane.

    He said: "It was 2am local time and my co-pilot asked air traffic control, 'Do you have traffic in our vicinity?' Negative was the response.

    US fighter jet and UFO

    The unidentified objects could be drones 

    "Not long after, we saw something we, shall we say, shouldn’t have seen. No, we didn’t query air traffic control."

    Earlier this year an American Airlines pilot was recorded saying he saw something moving in a cloud.

    The pilot asked: "Do you have any targets up here?

    "We just had something go over the top of us that, I hate to say this, but it looked like a long ­cylindrical object that almost looked like a cruise missile type of thing moving really fast right over the top of us."

    https://www.dailystar.co.uk/ }

    28-09-2021 om 22:23 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:UFOs , UAPs , USOS
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.History’s Largest Comet: New Facts Regarding C/2014 UN271

    History’s Largest Comet: New Facts Regarding C/2014 UN271 | Mysterious Universe

    History’s Largest Comet: New Facts Regarding C/2014 UN271

    There have been several new developments regarding C/2014 UN271 – also known as the largest comet that’s ever been detected in modern times. The comet, which was discovered by Pedro Bernardinelli and Gary Bernstein, is believed to have come from about 40,000 Astronomical Units (AU) away in the Oort Cloud (one AU is the distance of Earth from the sun).

    The first bit of news is that the comet finally grew a tail. When it was at a distance of around 29 AU away, it wasn’t showing the normal characteristic of a comet, such as having a tail. However, when it was at 19 AU away, astronomers at the Las Cumbres Observatory in South Africa took some images of C/2014 UN271 and noticed a fuzzy border which was created from vaporized material from the sunlight which meant that it was definitely a comet. Furthermore, it also started forming a tail. (A picture of C/2014 UN271 with its fuzzy border taken by the Las Cumbres Observatory can be seen here.)

    Comet C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli-Bernstein), as seen in a synthetic color composite image made with the Las Cumbres Observatory 1-meter telescope at Sutherland, South Africa, on 22 June 2021. The diffuse cloud is the comet’s coma. Credit: LOOK/LCO

    Comet C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli-Bernstein), as seen in a synthetic color composite image made with the Las Cumbres Observatory 1-meter telescope at Sutherland, South Africa, on 22 June 2021. The diffuse cloud is the comet’s coma.

    Credit: LOOK/LCO

    C_2014UN271_orbit-viewer-snapshot_V2.jpg

    An orbital diagram showing the path of Comet C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli-Bernstein) through the Solar System. The comets’ path is shown in gray when it is below the plane of the planets and in bold white when it is above the plane.

    Credit: NASA

    (Not C/2014 UN271)

    The second piece of news was that C/2014 UN271 became brighter for a short amount of time. According to data collected by the Las Cumbres Observatory’s 1-m telescope, the comet had faded, but later showed a burst of brightness. The brightness occurred on September 11th when it was located approximately 19.89 AU from the sun.

    The last bit of news is regarding its size. Initial estimates claimed that C/2014 UN271 had a diameter that was anywhere between 62 and 124 miles (between 100 and 200 kilometers). This was very significant and jaw-dropping because that would mean that it was about ten times wider than a normal comet. Astronomers revealed those estimates based on the amount of sunlight that was reflecting off of its icy body. Now, however, new analysis of the comet has narrowed down its estimated size to being 93 miles in diameter (150 kilometers).

    (Not C/2014 UN271)

    While these new facts regarding C/2014 UN271 are very interesting, it is still very far from us at a distance of about 19.37 AU away from Earth. It has traveled about 7 AU in the last year but it will still be a while before it makes its closest approach to us which has been predicted to happen on April 5, 2031 when it will be at a distance of 10.11 AU away. To put this into better perspective, when it makes its closest approach in 2031, it will be about the same distance that Saturn is to the sun.

    In the next ten years, scientists should gather even more amazing data and facts about the largest comet ever detected.

    RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

    https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

    28-09-2021 om 21:21 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Blue Origin lanceert op 12 oktober tweede vlucht met ruimtetoeristen
    Beelden van de eerste testvlucht van Blue Origin.
    Beelden van de eerste testvlucht van Blue Origin. 
    © EPA

    Blue Origin lanceert op 12 oktober tweede vlucht met ruimtetoeristen

    Blue Origin, het ruimtevaartbedrijf van Amazon-baas en rijkste mens ter wereld Jeff Bezos, heeft zijn tweede commerciële ruimtevlucht aangekondigd. Die zal op 12 oktober plaatsvinden en de eerste twee passagiers zijn al bekendgemaakt, schrijft Tweakers. Blue Origin voerde in juli zijn eerste toeristenvlucht uit, met Bezos zelf aan boord.

    https://www.hln.be/ }

    28-09-2021 om 16:54 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:HLN.be - Het Laatste Nieuws ( NL)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.What Happens to Interstellar Objects Captured by the Solar System?

    What Happens to Interstellar Objects Captured by the Solar System?

    Now that we know that interstellar objects (ISOs) visit our Solar System, scientists are keen to understand them better. How could they be captured? If they’re captured, what happens to them? How many of them might be in our Solar System?

    One team of researchers is trying to find answers.

    We know of two ISOs for certain: ‘Oumuamua and comet 2I/Borisov. There must’ve been others, probably many of them. But we’ve only recently gained the technology to see them. We’ll likely discover many more of them soon, thanks to new facilities like the Vera C. Rubin Observatory.

    In a new paper submitted to The Planetary Science Journal, a trio of researchers have dug into the question of ISOs in our Solar System. The title of the paper is “On the Fate of Interstellar Objects Captured by our Solar System.” The first author is Kevin Napier from the Dept. of Physics at the University of Michigan.

    As things stand now, there’s no reliable way to identify individual captured objects. If astronomers could catch an ISO in the process of being captured, that would be great. But the Solar System is awfully complex, and that makes identifying ISOs difficult. “Given the complex dynamical architecture of the outer Solar System, it is not straightforward to determine whether an object is of interstellar origin,” the authors write.

    'Oumuamua (L) and comet 2I/Borisov (R) are the only two ISOs we know of for certain. Image Credits: Left: By Original: ESO/M. KornmesserDerivative: nagualdesign - Derivative of http://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1737a/, shortened (65%) and reddened and darkened, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=64730303. Right: By NASA, ESA, and D. Jewitt (UCLA) - https://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hvi/uploads/image_file/image_attachment/31897/STSCI-H-p1953a-f-1106x1106.png, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=83146132

    ‘Oumuamua (L) and comet 2I/Borisov (R) are the only two ISOs we know of for certain.
    Image Credits:
    Left: By Original: ESO/M. KornmesserDerivative: nagualdesign – Derivative of http://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1737a/, shortened (65%) and reddened and darkened, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=64730303.
    Right: By NASA, ESA, and D. Jewitt (UCLA) – https://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hvi/uploads/image_file/image_attachment/31897/STSCI-H-p1953a-f-1106×1106.png,
    Public Domain,
    https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=83146132

    There wasn’t much opportunity to study either ‘Oumuamua or Borisov. They were identified as ISOs by their hyperbolic excess velocity. That means an object has the right trajectory and a high enough velocity to escape a central object’s gravity. In this case, the central object is, of course, the Sun.

    So, could ISOs be captured? Quite likely. “The first step in rigorously investigating this question is to calculate a capture cross-section for interstellar objects as a function of hyperbolic excess velocity…” the authors write.

    But that’s just the first step, according to the authors. “Although the cross-section provides the first step toward calculating the mass of alien rocks residing in our solar system, we also need to know the lifetime of captured objects.” The researchers calculated the lifetime of the objects using simulations, tried to understand what happens to them over time in our Solar System, and then came up with a current inventory of captured ISOs.

    The researchers identified three overall trends:

    • To survive for more than a few million years, captured objects must somehow lift their pericenters beyong Jupiter. (In this case, survival means staying bound to the Solar System.)
    • Objects on highly-inclined orbits tend to survive for longer than those on planar orbits.
    • No object achieved permanent trans-Neptunian status (ie q=30 AU.)

    In the first case, if an ISO can’t lift its pericenter beyond Jupiter, it’ll probably be pulled into the gas giant and destroyed. In the second case, objects on highly inclined orbits are less likely to encounter a planet because most of the time they’re out of the Solar System’s plane. Objects on planar orbits are more likely to encounter a planet and be perturbed and sent back out into interstellar space. In the third case, it’s difficult for an ISO to achieve permanent trans-Neptunian status because it would take a very unlikely chain of events.

    This figure from the study shows some simulation results. Each blue line is an individual ISO. The top represents the osculating pericenter distance in AUs. The bottom shows inclination in degrees. In their simulations, individual objects don't become distinguishable until after about 100 million years. When a blue line ends, that ISO has left the Solar System. Image Credit: Napier et al 2021.

    This figure from the study shows some simulation results. Each blue line is an individual ISO. The top represents the osculating pericenter distance in AUs. The bottom shows inclination in degrees. In their simulations, individual objects don’t become distinguishable until after about 100 million years. When a blue line ends, that ISO has left the Solar System.
    Image Credit: Napier et al 2021.

    The simulations have some limitations, which the authors explain. They’ve only accounted for the Solar System’s four largest planets and the Sun. The smaller bodies are either not massive to have much effect, or what effect they would have is dwarfed by the Sun. They also ignore out-gassing, radiation pressure from the Sun, or drag from planetary atmospheres, which would be extremely rare anyway, and not likely to affect the results. “Each of these approximations is rather modest, so that including them would make relatively little difference to our conclusions,” they explain.

    Overall, the simulation shows that over time most captured bodies would be ejected from the Solar System. It takes a while, though. That’s because most ISOs would simply pass through the system, and the ones that were captured into an unstable orbit of some type would go through many orbits, 30 in this work, before being ejected. That’s because captured objects typically have semi-major axes of 1000 AU with orbital periods of about 30,000 years. So it takes at least one million years before any captured ISOs could be ejected.

    This figure from the study shows the surviving fraction of captured ISOs over time. The black points represent the data from the simulation and the blue line is the best fit according to the equation. It takes at least about 1 million years before enough orbits take place for an ISO to be ejected. Image Credit: Napier et al 2021.
    This figure from the study shows the surviving fraction of captured ISOs over time. The black points represent the data from the simulation, and the blue line is the best fit according to the equation. It takes at least about 1 million years before enough orbits take place for an ISO to be ejected.
    Image Credit: Napier et al 2021.

    The researchers also calculated the populations of captured ISOs that might be in our Solar System currently. They point out that there are two distinct time periods when objects can be captured that are of interest. The first is in the early days of the Solar System when the Sun is still in its birth cluster of stars, and objects from within that cluster could be captured. The second is when the Sun resides in the field.

    In their simulations, the trio of scientists used 276,691 synthetic captured interstellar objects. Of those, only 13 survived for 500 million years, and only three objects survived for one billion years. But these results come with detailed caveats that are best explained in the paper itself.

    The authors point out that their simulations might be useful in understanding panspermia. If the chemicals necessary for life, or even life itself, can somehow travel between solar systems, the ISOs likely play a role. Maybe the most prominent role.

    They also mention the Planet Nine scenario. One of the authors of this paper, Konstantin Batygin, along with Michael E. Brown, hypothesized a so-called Planet Nine. The Planet Nine hypothesis states that another planet about 5 to 10 times the mass of Earth is in a wide orbit with a semi-major axis of 400 to 800 AUs. Planet Nine, if it exists, would take between 10,000 and 20,000 years to complete one orbit around the Sun.

    According to this paper, when included in the simulations, Planet Nine “…yielded rich dynamics that did not appear in the simulations including only the four known giant planets.”

    More:

    Credit: Universe Today

    Galactic Panspermia. How far Could Life Spread Naturally in a Galaxy Like the Milky Way?

    The post What Happens to Interstellar Objects Captured by the Solar System? appeared first on Universe Today.

    Source: 

    https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

    28-09-2021 om 16:04 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.ISIS Project: An Alien Mummy Discovered in Egypt?

    ISIS Project: An Alien Mummy Discovered in Egypt?

    One of the most shocking and controversial videos in history. A small clip of a supposed secret mission of the ISIS Project, from the former Soviet Union, where they recover the remains of an «alien mummy».

    The images show the alleged expedition of the ISIS Project

    According to different researchers, the KGB had created the ISIS Project to search for the mummified corpse of an “ancient astronaut” called “The Visitor.”

    This being would have visited the Egyptians in ancient times, giving them knowledge and advanced technology that helped them grow as a civilization.

    ISIS Project What is behind this event?

    The Ancient Astronaut theory suggests that, in the remote past, extraterrestrial beings visited ancient civilizations and helped them develop. Thus the leap to modern civilization was made.

    These ancient societies made such drastic advances, and in such a short time , that they reached standards never seen before. The proof of this are the monuments that persist even today. These are possibly the strongest proof that they received alien assistance.

    Even so, there are many skeptics who discredit the ISIS Project, assuring that it is nothing more than an invention. However, 1998, Sci-Fi TV released a documentary titled The Secret KGB Abduction Files, which could prove its veracity.

    The documentary shows black and white images of the expedition to the Egyptian desert in search of the “Visitor’s Tomb”, as the website UFO International Project called it.

    The Soviets launched Project ISIS during the Cold War in 1960 . The mission was to obtain the remains of “The Visitor”, as well as the hidden technological artifacts and manuscripts.

    They were convinced that advanced military science and technology existed within that information, which would give it an advantage over the United States.

    The main motivation of the Soviet Union was to ” match ” the North American country in terms of technology. Well, they were convinced that they had obtained advanced technology thanks to the Roswell incident .

    The Soviet mission included Egyptologists, scientists, engineers, and military specialists from the Soviet Academy of Sciences. This team found the body of an alien inside a 13,000-year-old ancient Egyptian tomb .

    Was an alien mummy really found?

    The story of the “alien grave”

    The tomb was discovered accidentally by native Bedouins who became ill and died after opening the tomb. Based on that story, Egyptian officials suspected that he might have technological artifacts and manuscripts with advanced knowledge.

    For the time, the Soviet Union and Egypt were allies. Fearing that the United States would obtain information about the tomb, the Egyptians decided to inform the Soviets and assist them in the search.

    Sami Sharaf, a close associate of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser , was the head of the ISIS Project. The images documenting the expedition were obtained through a Russian intermediary linked to the mafia.

    The source claimed, in turn, that he obtained the tape from agents who had access to KGB documents.

    The video shows when the team entered the tomb , trying to open the sarcophagus without any protective suit.

    When the agent lifted the lid, a cloud of dust emanated from inside. The men immediately withdrew, only to return minutes later wearing protective suits and gas masks.

    The men recovered the “two meter tall” alien body. Artifacts and manuscripts were also recovered from the tomb, which tell the story of the return of a “Winged Deity.”

    Those responsible for Sci-Fi TV stated that forensic experts analyzed and confirmed the veracity of the video. Although skeptics defended themselves that, even if the video was authentic, it is likely that they were opening the sarcophagus of a king.

    RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011



    https://mysteriousthing.com/ }

    28-09-2021 om 00:22 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
    27-09-2021
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.CHINA PLANS TO BUILD A MASSIVE SEVERAL MILE-WIDE SPACECRAFT

    spacecraft

    CHINA PLANS TO BUILD A MASSIVE SEVERAL MILE-WIDE SPACECRAFT

    It has been learned in recent days that China’s National Natural Science Foundation (NNSF) is moving forward with plans to study the construction of a massive, several mile-wide spacecraft, beginning with a five year project that will examine the mechanics of carrying out such an engineering feat in orbit.

    Initially reported in the South China Morning Postthe plans describe an “ultra-large spacecraft spanning kilometres” that China will hope to eventually build as the country’s spacefaring ambitions look ahead toward crewed missions that will spend long periods in orbit.

    As part of China’s ongoing strategic aerospace goals, the proposed mega-spacecraft is one of several projects announced by the NNSF that it says will help to promote “the future use of space resources, exploration of the mysteries of the universe, and staying in long-term orbit,” according to an outline the foundation released online.

    China’s ambitious space project is set to be overseen by its Ministry of Science and Technology, according to details contained within the outline.

    spacecraft

    Launch of the Long March 2F during the Shenzhou-12 mission
    (China News Service, CC 3.0).

    China’s plans aren’t unique, per se, and like past space agencies, their goal is to send components into orbit over the course of several launches that that will facilitate construction of the spacecraft over time.

    However, even this long-term assembly plan has its challenges. Each individual launch will require spacecraft carrying construction materials into orbit to minimize its weight in order to facilitate maximum cargo space. While several trips with the purpose of transporting components into orbit have been factored into China’s plans already, the costs associated with multiple launches could still be a limiting factor. In order to realize such ambitious goals, efficiency will be a key priority.

    Getting the materials required for construction of the mile-wide spacecraft into orbit won’t be the only hurdle China faces. Once in orbit, additional heightened oversight will be required to manage and control the large amount of material they plan to send into space, which could quickly present challenges throughout the various phases of construction.

    Of course, the current study aimed at how China might one day build a “mega spacecraft” follows the country’s successful landing of a rover on Mars earlier this year, which followed its earlier placement of a lunar spacecraft on the far side of the moon. This spring also saw China’s initiation of construction of the Tiangong space station, an orbital spacecraft that, one completed, will be roughly a quarter the size of the International Space Station.

    Once Tiangong is constructed, it will help to facilitate future space endeavors China plans to undertake with Russia, in opposition to the United States and other nations with which the latter engages in cooperative space efforts.

    China is currently banned from participating in operations aboard the International Space Station, following legislation in 2011 by Congress that identified having Chinese astronauts on board the spacecraft as a potential national security risk.

    • Follow and connect with author Micah Hanks on Twitter: @MicahHanks

    https://thedebrief.org/ }

    27-09-2021 om 23:49 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Elon Musk Tweet Reveals Solar Warden/Earth Alliance Spacecraft

    Elon Musk Tweet Reveals Solar Warden/Earth Alliance Spacecraft

    De bronafbeelding bekijken

    Elon Musk's tweet with picture of Earth taken from SpaceX mission capsule is available here: https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1...

    On September 23, 2021, Elon Musk tweeted a picture taken from a SpaceX civilian mission into low Earth Orbit. A close up of the picture reveals at least six cigar shaped craft traveling in formation. According to Thor Han Eredyon of the Galactic Federation of Worlds—as relayed by Elena Danaan—the craft belonged to the US Navy’s Solar Warden program and are now part of the newly formed Earth Alliance.

    I have been told that Musk is constrained by Non-Disclosure Agreements (NDAs) from revealing what he knows about the Earth Alliance, diplomatic meetings on Jupiter, extraterrestrial life, etc., but is allowed to leave clues so we can figure it out by ourselves. 

    Video of the spacecraft formation is available on YouTube and Rumble

    https://www.youtube.com/ }

    27-09-2021 om 23:40 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:MYSTERIES ( Fr, Nl, E)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.This hacker saw “all the UFO secrets of NASA and the elites”

    This hacker saw “all the UFO secrets of NASA and the elites”

    One of the most controversial events related to NASA featured a hacker. The hacker accessed the networks of the space agency, observing secrets UFOs and about the world elite.

    Gary McKinnon was brought to trial and jailed for 70 years.

    Many people have thought to what extent a hacker can go. How far can you “hack” a network? Possibly, social networks or emails can be something simple for an expert.

    Gary Mckinnon

    British hacker Gary McKinnon had accessed into Pentagon’s computer files he discovered the existence of the “Solar Warden” code name given to particular areas in the Secret Space Program

    However, when it comes to national organizations, which are related to the security of a power, such as NASA, things get complicated.

    Get to inquire about its most guarded secrets, such as those related to UFOs for example or to learn about the hidden life of the most exalted of the world elite .

    The Hacker Who Discovered NASA Secrets

    Regarding this controversial topic, the famous writer and researcher David Parcerisa in one of his video programs. He released the shocking revelations of a hacker who was able to circumvent NASA security .

    It is the British Gary McKinnon, who managed to collect a large number of images over a year.

    Among these are secret UFO reports  related to alien life, colliding ships, reverse technology, and other surprising discoveries from the world’s elite .

    All this he achieved by infiltrating the secret networks of NASA and other organisms of the world’s lofty elite.

    Unfortunately McKinnon was discovered and sentenced to 70 years in prison for this incredible daring.

    Yet McKinnon’s shrewd audacity was not in vain. A good part of his research and ideas are linked to the project “The Disclosure Project”.

    This project consists of a comprehensive non-profit organization whose main purpose is to reveal to the world all the events about extraterrestrial intelligence , flying saucers , advanced energy and propulsion systems that are hidden.  

    McKinnon’s audacity motivated the creation of The Disclosure Project.

    The Disclosure Project

    The project was presented to the world by its founder, the renowned Dr. Steven Greer . Presenting it at the prestigious National Press Club of Washington in May 2001.

    The content of this impressive project consists of more than 400 testimonies from the military, intelligence agents and government officials.

    There they narrate their direct or first-source experiences about events related to aliens and all their technology .

    In addition, they explain in detail all the conspiracy that exists behind all this, and how they try to keep all this information hidden from the public.

    In practice, the main objectives of the project is to prohibit the use of space weapons , the study, exploration and development of space.

    The introduction of Zero Point Energy , which is a type of free energy, which they consider would be of great help to eliminate poverty and world hunger. Among other magnificent ideas, which would be of great use to humanity.

    Many skeptics claim that McKinnon did not actually see anything related to UFOs or aliens.

    However, the question is, why was he sentenced to so many years if he did not see any secrets? Where did you get the ideas for The Disclosure Project?

    ALL RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011



    https://mysteriousthing.com/ }

    27-09-2021 om 23:31 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:MYSTERIES ( Fr, Nl, E)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Droitwich woman 'vanishes from bed' in eerie footage obtained by UFO hunters

    Droitwich woman 'vanishes from bed' in eerie footage obtained by UFO hunters

    SEE VIDEO WITH THIS LINK

    https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/black-country/droitwich-woman-vanishes-bed-eerie-21686201#:~:text=WOMAN%20APPEARS%20TO%20VANISH%20FROM%20BED%20IN%20SUPPOSED%20ABDUCTION%20INCIDENT

    The creepy footage is being investigated by a Birmingham UFO hunter

    By Alexander Brock - Senior Reporter Jamie Brassington

    Eerie footage shared by UFO hunters supposedly shows the astonishing moment a Midlands woman vanishes from her bed - before suddenly reappearing.

    The video is one of many cases being investigated by Dave Hodrien, a father-of-one from Solihull and the lead investigator of Birmingham UFO Group (BUFOG),

    He says the woman in the video, from Droitwich in Worcestershire, claimed she had been abducted twice in a week in 2010.

    READ MORE:

    On the advice of her husband, the woman put an infrared camera in her bedroom to capture evidence.

    The creepy footage they caught apparently shows the woman sleeping under the covers at around 3.30am before she suddenly starts arching her back.

    The bed covers then suddenly fold inwards and go 'impossibly flat', as if the woman had just inexplicably vanished from the bed altogether.

    After about 13 minutes, the bed covers suddenly shoot up slightly in the air and when they drop back down, the woman is back in bed next to her husband.

    The footage, which can be viewed above , was believed to have "been genuine and not a deliberate hoax", Dave concluded in his report.

    A woman, who claims she was abducted, appears to vanish from her bed on video 

    Dave told Birmingham Live : "The lady had experiences most of her life, but like a lot people pushed them to the back of her mind.

    "In 2010, she had two abduction experiences in the space of a week.

    "These were what is known as a trigger experience, meaning it was so traumatic and obvious to her that she clearly knew something had taken place.

    "It caused her to start reassessing what had happened earlier in her life and that is when she got in touch with my group to investigate.

    "Her husband made security cameras for a living, he put together infrared cameras.

    READ MORE:

    "He didn't really believe her but after her first abduction experience, she was very frightened to go to sleep in the bedroom where it happened.

    "To set her mind at ease, her husband said 'we will set up a security camera at night and start filming when you get off to sleep, nothing will come and get you'.

    "About three days after they set up a camera, she had this second abduction experience. She comes out of the experience and realises something has happened here.

    "In the morning, they check the footage and at about 3.30am or 4am, there is a period of about 13 minutes where she seems to dematerialize from the bed.

    "You can see her under the covers, it looks like she is arching her back upwards almost and then all of a sudden it folds inwards and the bed covers go impossibly flat.

    "After about 13 minutes, the bed covers kind of shoot up in the air and when it drops back down, she is back down by her husband."

    The footage was even analysed by an American television series, called Fact Or Faked, which was unable to recreate the footage without the use of hidden contraptions, he added.

    Another investigation that Dave is currently working on is a "historic case" from an elderly man, who saw a UFO, aged 18, outside the landmark Rotunda building in Birmingham.

    A 'glowing red sphere' was reportedly seen reaching the top of the Rotunda before it shoots off into the sky at an 'absolutely dramatic speed'.

    RELATED VIDEO

    https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/ }

    27-09-2021 om 23:00 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:LATEST ( UFO ) VIDEO NEWS ( ENG)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.THE CLIMATE PROJECTION FOR 500 YEARS FROM NOW IS UNBELIEVABLY BAD

    De bronafbeelding bekijken

    BULGAC VIA GETTY / FUTURISM

    THE CLIMATE PROJECTION FOR 500 YEARS FROM NOW IS UNBELIEVABLY BAD

    Planning Ahead

    With climate change, we tend to worry about the present (are hurricanes getting worse?) and the medium-term future (what will the planet be like in the year 2100?)

    Look a few hundred more years down the road, though, and the world will likely appear totally alien.

    By the year 2500, the Amazon may become a barren hellscape and the midwestern United States could turn into a tropical jungle, according to a new set of far-reaching climate projections that a team of climate scientists from several Canadian and British universities published in the journal Global Change Biology on Friday. It’s alarming research — and, to be fair, by no means authoritative — as well as a bleak look into the long-term repercussions of human industrialization.

    Then What?

    Many climate models predict environmental change up to the year 2100, so it makes sense that we try and understand what the world will look like farther down the road, the researchers argued in an essay in The Conversation.

    “This is surprising because people born now will only be in their 70s by 2100,” the scientists wrote. “What will the world look like for their children and grandchildren?”

    Looking that far into the future is a fairly speculative affair, the scientists noted. But they did find that their projections align with existing, robust models for the nearer future, lending more credibility to their predictions.

    Desert Planet

    As temperatures continue to rise, the scientists found, much of the planet will become inhospitable to humans and coastlines will continue to be reshaped by rising sea levels, causing huge changes in terms of both geography and human society.

    “Further, we found heat stress may reach fatal levels for humans in tropical regions which are currently highly populated,” the team wrote. “Such areas might become uninhabitable.”

    Ultimately, the researchers hope they’re proven wrong. They ended their Conversation essay with a plea to drastically reduce carbon emissions or face the consequences.

    “The Earth of our high-end projections is alien to humans,” they wrote. “The choice we face is to urgently reduce emissions, while continuing to adapt to the warming we cannot escape as a result of emissions up to now, or begin to consider life on an Earth very different to this one.”

    27-09-2021 om 22:18 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:Diversen (Eng, NL en Fr)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Scientists develop cosmic concrete from space dust and astronaut blood

    Scientists develop cosmic concrete from space dust and astronaut blood

    Dr Aled Roberts, from The University of Manchester, who worked on the project, said that the new technique holds considerable advantages over many other proposed construction techniques on the moon and Mars.

    “Scientists have been trying to develop viable technologies to produce concrete-like materials on the surface of Mars, but we never stopped to think that the answer might be inside us all along,” he said.

    The scientists calculate that over 500 kg of high-strength AstroCrete could be produced over the course of a two-year mission on the surface of Mars by a crew of six astronauts. If used as a mortar for sandbags or heat-fused regolith bricks, each crew member could produce enough AstroCrete to expand the habitat to support an additional crew member, doubling the housing available with each successive mission.

    Animal blood was historically used as a binder for mortar. “It is exciting that a major challenge of the space age may have found its solution based on inspirations from medieval technology,” said Dr Roberts.

    Scientists have been trying to develop viable technologies to produce concrete-like materials on the surface of Mars, but we never stopped to think that the answer might be inside us all along.

    — Dr. Aled Roberts

    The scientists investigated the underlying bonding mechanism and found that the blood proteins denature, or “curdle,” to form an extended structure with interactions known as “beta sheets” that tightly holds the material together.

    “The concept is literally blood-curdling,” Dr Roberts added.

    A common protein from blood plasma could act as a binder for simulated moon or Mars dust to produce a concrete-like material named AstroCrete.(University of Manchester)

    A common protein from blood plasma could act as a binder for simulated moon or Mars dust to produce a concrete-like material named AstroCrete.

    (University of Manchester)

    The cost of transporting a single brick to Mars has been estimated at about US$2 million, meaning future Martian colonists cannot bring their building materials with them, but will have to utilise resources they can obtain on-site for construction and shelter. This is known as in-situ resource utilisation (or ISRU) and typically focusses on the use of loose rock and Martian soil (known as regolith) and sparse water deposits. However, there is one overlooked resource that will, by definition, also be available on any crewed mission to the Red Planet: the crew themselves.

    Scientists demonstrated that a common protein from blood plasma — human serum albumin — could act as a binder for simulated moon or Mars dust to produce a concrete-like material. The resulting novel material, termed AstroCrete, had compressive strengths as high as 25 MPa (Megapascals), about the same as the 20-32 MPa seen in ordinary concrete.

    3D-Printed Mars Biocomposite

    3D-printed mars biocomposite.

    Credit: University of Manchester

    However, the scientists found that incorporating urea — which is a biological waste product that the body produces and excretes through urine, sweat and tears — could further increase the compressive strength by over 300 per cent, with the best performing material having a compressive strength of almost 40 MPa, substantially stronger than ordinary concrete.

    https://www.euroweeklynews.com/ }

    27-09-2021 om 22:05 geschreven door peter  

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    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Organic material discovered in star-forming region 450 light-years away could be among the building blocks of life

    Organic material discovered in star-forming region 450 light-years away could be among the building blocks of life

    • Researchers discovered glycolonitrile in a protostar in Ophiuchus constellation
    • Glycolonitrile  precursors to the formation of adenine, which is in DNA and RNA
    • Discovery could put us closer to understanding how solar system and life formed

    Scientists observing a young sun-like star 450 light-years away have spotted a molecule that may have played a key role in the emergence of life on Earth.

    It’s the first time researchers have detected the molecule glycolonitrile, which existed before life itself, in this type of protostar.

    The discovery could put us closer to understanding how the solar system and life on Earth formed long ago.

    Scroll down for video  

    The new research led by Queen Mary University of London focused on a solar-type protostar called IRAS16293-2422 B (circled) in search of such materials. This protostar sits inside the star-forming region rho Ophiuchi, in the constellation Ophiuchus

    The new research led by Queen Mary University of London focused on a solar-type protostar called IRAS16293-2422 B (circled) in search of such materials. This protostar sits inside the star-forming region rho Ophiuchi, in the constellation Ophiuchus

    Glycolonitrile is said to be a precursors to the formation of adenine, which is fundamental in both DNA and RNA.

    The new research led by Queen Mary University of London focused on a solar-type protostar called IRAS16293-2422 B in search of such materials.

    This protostar sits inside the star-forming region rho Ophiuchi, in the constellation Ophiuchus.

    According to the researchers, the conditions inside the star formation region are much like those that existed in the early years of our solar system.

    Using data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/ submillimetre Array (ALMA) telescope in Chile, the team investigated IRAS16293-2422 B for evidence of the pre-biotic molecule in the interstellar medium.

    An artist's impression of the gas and dust in the disk surrounding the young star. The inset image, right, shows a mix of both simple and complex molecules in the vicinity of still-forming planets - M.Weiss/Centre for Astrophysics/Harvard & Smithsonian

    © M.Weiss/Centre for Astrophysics/Harvard & Smithsonian 

    An artist's impression of the gas and dust in the disk surrounding the young star. The inset image, right, shows a mix of both simple and complex molecules in the vicinity of still-forming planets - M.Weiss/Centre for Astrophysics/Harvard & Smithsonian

    This material is a cocoon of dust and gas from which stars form.

    The ALMA data revealed the chemical signatures of the molecule glycolonitrile (HOCH2CN).

    Through further modelling, they were able to better constrain the chemical processes that may have led to its creation, the researchers say.

    Scientists observing a young sun-like star 450 light-years away have spotted a molecule that may have played a key role in the emergence of life on Earth. It’s the first time researchers have detected the molecule glycolonitrile, which existed before life itself, in this type of protostar

    Scientists observing a young sun-like star 450 light-years away have spotted a molecule that may have played a key role in the emergence of life on Earth. It’s the first time researchers have detected the molecule glycolonitrile, which existed before life itself, in this type of protostar

    DNA AND RNA EXPLAINED: THE MOLECULES THAT CONTAIN THE GENETIC INFORMATION FOR LIFE

    DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid - is widely known as the molecule found in the nucleus of all our cells that contains genetic information.

    It is shaped like a double-helix and made of small sections called nucleotides. 

    Each nucleotide contains a nucleobase, a sugar, and a phosphate group.

    The sugar component in this particular molecule is called deoxyribose and makes up the D in DNA.

    This is a cyclic carbon-based chemical with five carbon atoms arranged as a pentagon.

    At the second carbon atom there is an attached singular hydrogen atom in deoxyribose.

    This can also have an additional oxygen attached as well. 

    In this case, the oxygenated chemical then forms what is simply known as ribose - the R in RNA. 

    The deoxy prefix literally means without oxygen.

    Shape of RNA and DNA

    RIbose can do almost everything deoxyribose can and also codes for genetic information in some cells and organisms.  

    When the oxygen is present it drastically alters how the chemicals bonds and sits alongside other molecules. 

    When oxygen is present - in RNA - it can take a variety of shapes. 

    When oxygen is not present in this specific location - in DNA - the molecule forms as the iconic double helix. 

    Uses of RNA 

    DNA is often broken down into RNA and read by the cells in order to translate and transcribe the genetic code in order to make proteins and other molecules essential for life. 

    RNA uses three of the same base pairs as DNA: Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine.

    The othe base pair, Thymine, is swapped out in RNA for Uracil. 

    RNA is also often found in simpler organisms, such as bacteria. 

    It is often also a virus, with Hepatitis, flu and HIV all forms of RNA. 

    Mitochondrial RNA 

    All animal cells use DNA, with one notable exception: the mitochondria.

    Mitochondrian are the powerhouses of the cell and turn glucose into pyruvate and then into Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via the Krebs cycle. 

    This process is all done in this one organelle in the cells and ATP is the universal form of energy and used throughout every aerobic organism. 

    In the mitochondria there is a small strand of RNA which is unique in the animal kingdom. 

    It is passed down from the mother exclusively (the father's lives in the sperm but is dissolved during fertilisation) and allows humans to trace their maternal lineage back throughout time.  

    background pattern: The image above shows four of the protoplanetary discs. - Dr JD Ilee/University of Leeds

    © Provided by The Telegraph 

    The image above shows four of the protoplanetary discs. - Dr JD Ilee/University of Leeds

    ‘We have shown that this important pre-biotic molecule can be formed in the material from which stars and planets emerge, taking us a step closer to identifying the processes that may have led to the origin of life on Earth,’ said lead author Shaoshan Zeng, from Queen Mary University of London.

    The team previously detected methyl isocyanate – an isomer of glycolonitrile – in the same celestial object.

    According to the researchers, the discovery hints at the processes that took place during the formation of our solar system, suggesting planets around such a star could have access to the chemical building blocks of life from the very beginning.

    27-09-2021 om 21:28 geschreven door peter  

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    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.ALIEN INGREDIENTS? PRECURSOR MOLECULES FOR LIFE FOUND WHERE PLANETS ARE BORN

    Liz Light Echoes

    Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

    ALIEN INGREDIENTS? PRECURSOR MOLECULES FOR LIFE FOUND WHERE PLANETS ARE BORN

    Contributed by Elizabeth Rayne - 

    It seems that every time organics are detected on another planet, the internet explodes, but organic molecules found in planet-forming discs could be the prelude to life.

    Whether Earth is the only planet in the entire universe that ever spawned life remains a mystery. Led by astrophysicist John Ilee of the University of Leeds, a team of researchers has looked deep into several protoplanetary discs where planets are born, and recently published a study in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. They found molecules that are the precursors to the larger molecules that directly make up substances such as sugars, amino acids, and RNA. Could these end up as the protoplasm of alien creatures?

    The five protoplanetary discs that were observed are between 300 and 500 light-years from Earth, so if we are seeing them as they were hundreds of years ago, it is unlikely that life has materialized yet. Whether these molecules will end up creating the amino acid and RNA molecules that are necessary for life-forms also depends on the conditions over there.

    “The molecules we have observed therefore represent the most complex (yet) detected in protoplanetary discs with this bond, and demonstrate that these stages of molecular complexity can be built up in the vicinity of forming planets,” Ilee tells SYFY WIRE. “The carbon-nitrogen bond is a key component of these molecules."

    It is that bond which has been proven to be vital to the molecules that make up amino acids. Ilee and his team observed the molecules with the 66 antennas of the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA), which has an amazing spatial resolution, meaning the precision of things it can see in relation to space. Larger telescopes and arrays have a larger spatial resolution and are able to see more detail as well as smaller and more distant objects. With this equipment, emissions from microscopic molecules became visible.

    Because the emissions were so weak, they needed something as powerful as ALMA to seek them out. What was observed by the researchers as part of the Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (or MAPS) program were intermediate molecules that are more complex than simple organics, such as carbon monoxide or methane, but not yet complex enough to be the largest molecules that something like RNA can break down into. The problem is that molecules like carbon monoxide give off much stronger emissions. That didn’t stop Ilee from searching.

    He obviously found an overflow of molecules, but why so many? It could be that they were hiding in grains of dust that made their way from the outside to the inside of the disc, but there are still questions.

    “Increased abundances of these molecules mean we could be missing something in our understanding of how chemistry operates in these environments,” he says. “We could also be missing an important physical process that would increase the abundance of these molecules in the discs.”

    The molecules the team set out to find were cyanoacetylene (HC3N)acetonitrile (CH3CN), and cyclopropenylidene (c-C3H2). Cyanoacetylene was previously found in the tail of comet Hale-Bopp. Most comets come from the outer reaches of the universe, where more interstellar material is thought to be floating around than anything else, so that may hint at the origins of what gave Earth life. HC3N is also thought to be one of the things that can possibly form purines, which form bases for DNA and RNA — adenine and guanine are examples.

    Each of the molecules observed in the protoplanetary discs has a function in DNA synthesis. CH3CN is necessary for the synthesis of oligonucleotides, which are short DNA or RNA molecules, from simpler molecules known as monomers. Oligonucleotides help control gene expression. c-C3H2 is one of the organics that exists on Titan, though anything hypothetical that lives on there would have to be life as we don’t know it because Saturn’s largest moon is toxic. Because of its cyclical structure, it has the potential to form DNA and RNA bases.

    Whether more complex molecules are somewhere in a protoplanetary disc is something else the team wants to investigate. The upcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and Very Large Array (ngVLA) are next-gen technology that could find out even more about the organic molecules in protopletary discs and what goes into forming planets like Earth.

    “We want to investigate whether even *more* complex molecules are present in these discs, and hope to use ALMA to do this in the near future,” Ilee says. “[It is] also going to be invaluable for searching for complex molecules in many different astrophysical environments.”

    So aliens aren’t about to break the internet yet, but we might have gotten that much closer to what may someday become an environment teeming with them.

    https://www.syfy.com/ }

    27-09-2021 om 21:13 geschreven door peter  

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    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Mars is too small to have aliens, scientists suggest

    Mars is too small to have aliens, scientists suggest

    The Red Planet may not be large enough to hold the bodies of water necessary to form life

    (Sean Garcia/Washington University)

    Mars may have never been able to home alien life because the planet is too small to hold large amounts of water, researchers have theorised.

    The presence of water is vital for the evolution of life, and the search for evidence of liquid has inspired probes and studies of the Red Planet to confirm that humanity is not alone in the universe.

    Our closest planetary neighbour, however, has revealed no liquid water on its surface, and scientists may now know why. “Mars’ fate was decided from the beginning,” said Kun Wang, assistant professor of earth and planetary sciences in Arts and Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis.

    “There is likely a threshold on the size requirements of rocky planets to retain enough water to enable habitability and plate tectonics, with mass exceeding that of Mars.”

    Professor Wang and those working with him used stable isotopes of potassium to estimate the presence and distribution of volatile elements and compounds – such as water – on the planet, by measuring its composition in 20 confirmed Martian meteorites.

    They found that Mars lost more potassium, and other volatiles, than Earth when it was formed – but contained more than the Moon and another asteroid called 4-Vesta, both of which are smaller and drier than Mars.

    “It’s indisputable that there used to be liquid water on the surface of Mars, but how much water in total Mars once had is hard to quantify through remote sensing and rover studies alone,” Professor Wang said.

    “There are many models out there for the bulk water content of Mars. In some of them, early Mars was even wetter than the Earth. We don’t believe that was the case.”

    Being too close to the sun can have a significant effect on the number of volatiles a planet can hold, and suggests that the size range for planets to have the perfect ratio of water for a habitable surface environment is more limited than previous thoughts.

    Scientists hunting for alien life in the future should use planetary size as a more important reference than previously thought, Professor Wang suggests.

    “The size of an exoplanet is one of the parameters that is easiest to determine,” Professor Wang said. “Based on size and mass, we now know whether an exoplanet is a candidate for life, because a first-order determining factor for volatile retention is size.”

    27-09-2021 om 21:03 geschreven door peter  

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    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Clouds of gas are detected on a giant 'hot Saturn' exoplanet 520 light years from Earth, in breakthrough that could help in the search for worlds that may have conditions hospitable to life

    Clouds of gas are detected on a giant 'hot Saturn' exoplanet 520 light years from Earth, in breakthrough that could help in the search for worlds that may have conditions hospitable to life

    • Researchers used Hubble and the Very Large Telescope to make the observation
    • They not only detected clouds but measured altitude to a very high level of detail
    • The exoplanet, WASP-127b, was discovered in 2016 and is 520 light years away 
    • It is so close to its star that a year on the gas giant would be 4.2 Earth days 

    Clouds of gas swirling in the atmosphere of a 'hot Saturn' exoplanet 520 light years from the Earth have been detected by astronomers for the first time.

    This is a breakthrough in exoplanet observation, and could help in the search for potentially habitable worlds, said experts from the Université de Montréal in Canada.

    The exoplanet, called WASP-127b, was discovered in 2016 and is a 'hot puffy beast' orbiting so close to its star that a year on the gas giant would be just 4.2 Earth days.

    The international team of astronomers has not only detected clouds on the distant exoplanet, but also measured their altitude with unprecedented precision. 

    WASP-127b was discovered in 2016 and is a 'hot puffy beast orbiting so close to its star that a year on the gas giant would bee just 4.2 Earth days

    WASP-127b was discovered in 2016 and is a 'hot puffy beast orbiting so close to its star that a year on the gas giant would bee just 4.2 Earth days

    WASP-127b: A HOT FLUFFY GAS GIANT 

    TYPE: Gas Giant

    DISCOVED: 2016

    MASS: 0.1647 Jupiters

    RADIUS: 1.311 x Jupiter

    ORBIT: 0.0484 AU

    PERIOD: 4.2 days 

    DETECTION: Transit

    WASP-127 b is a gas giant exoplanet that orbits a G-type star. 

    Its mass is 0.1647 Jupiters, it takes 4.2 days to complete one orbit of its star, and is 0.0484 AU from its star.

    SOURCE: NASA 

    They combined observations of the planet from the Hubble Space Telescope and the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope. (VLT) in Chile.

    The team observed the planet passing in front of its host star to detect patterns that become embedded in the starlight as it is filtered through the planet's atmosphere. 

    Thanks to infrared light from Hubble and visual light seen through the ESPRESSO spectrograph on VLT, they could probe different regions of the atmosphere. 

    'First, as found before in this type of planet, we detected the presence of sodium,' author Dr Romain Allart, said.

    But it was found at a much lower altitude than the team were expecting.

    'Second, there were strong water vapour signals in the infrared but none at all at visible wavelengths. 

    'This implies that water-vapour at lower levels is being screened by clouds that are opaque at visible wavelengths but transparent in the infrared.'   

    The combined data from the two instruments enabled the researchers to narrow down the altitude of the clouds.

    They pinned them to an atmospheric layer with a pressure ranging between 0.3 and 0.5 millibars.

    A millibar is a unit of air pressure, with one equal to about 0.0145 pounds per square inch, or about a thousandth of a standard atmosphere. 

    'We don't yet know the composition of the clouds, except that they are not composed of water droplets like on Earth,' said Allart. 

    'We are also puzzled about why the sodium is found in an unexpected place on this planet. Future studies will help us understand not only more about the atmospheric structure, but about WASP-127b, which is proving to be a fascinating place.' 

    The international team of astronomers has not only detected clouds on the distant exoplanet, but also measured their altitude with unprecedented precision

    The international team of astronomers has not only detected clouds on the distant exoplanet, but also measured their altitude with unprecedented precision

    WHAT IS THE VERY LARGE TELESCOPE?

    The European Southern Observatory (ESO) built the most powerful telescope ever made in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile.

    It is called the Very Large Telescope (VLT) and is regarded as one of the most advanced optical instruments.

    It consists of four telescopes, whose main mirrors measures 27 feet (8.2 metres) in diameter.

    There are also four movable six feet diameter auxiliary telescopes.

    The large telescopes are called Antu, Kueyen, Melipal and Yepun. 

    The first of the Unit Telescopes, 'Antu', went into routine scientific operations on April 1, 1999.

    The telescopes can work together to form a giant 'interferometer'.

    This interferometer allows images to be filtered for any unnecessary obscuring objects.

    As a result, astronomers can see details up to 25 times finer than with the individual telescopes. 

    It has been involved in spotting the first image of an extrasolar planet. 

    The study of exoplanet atmospheres is essential for understanding the formation, evolution, and composition of exoplanets, the team said. 

    The transmission spectroscopy technique, used in this study, is playing a significant role in this field, and helped characterise WASP-127b. 

    With a full orbit around its star occurring in about four days, WASP-127b receives 600 times more solar radiation than the Earth and experiences temperatures up to 1100 degrees Celsius (2012 Fahrenheit) - more than twice as hot as Venus.

    This puffs the planet up to a radius 1.3 times larger than Jupiter, with just a fifth of the mass, making it one of the least dense or 'fluffiest' exoplanets ever discovered.

    The extended nature of fluffy exoplanets makes them easier to observe, and thus WASP-127b is an ideal candidate for astronomers trying a new technique.

    In this case they were working on characterising aspects of exoplanet atmospheres, a process that could one day help in the search for alien life. 

    The team's observations with the ESPRESSO instrument also suggests that, unlike planets in our Solar System, WASP-127b orbits not only in the opposite direction than its star but also in a different plane than the equatorial one.

    Planets in the solar system orbit along the equatorial plane - that is inline with the centre of the sun - with some objects like comets orbiting at a different plane. 

    'Such alignment is unexpected for a hot Saturn in an old stellar system and might be caused by an unknown companion,' said Allart. 

    'All these unique characteristics make WASP-127b a planet that will be very intensely studied in the future' 

    The findings have been published in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics.  

    Scientists study the atmosphere of distant exoplanets using enormous space satellites like Hubble

    Distant stars and their orbiting planets often have conditions unlike anything we see in our atmosphere. 

    To understand these new world's, and what they are made of, scientists need to be able to detect what their atmospheres consist of.  

    They often do this by using a telescope similar to Nasa's Hubble Telescope.

    These enormous satellites scan the sky and lock on to exoplanets that Nasa think may be of interest. 

    Here, the sensors on board perform different forms of analysis. 

    One of the most important and useful is called absorption spectroscopy. 

    This form of analysis measures the light that is coming out of a planet's atmosphere. 

    Every gas absorbs a slightly different wavelength of light, and when this happens a black line appears on a complete spectrum. 

    These lines correspond to a very specific molecule, which indicates it's presence on the planet. 

    They are often called Fraunhofer lines after the German astronomer and physicist that first discovered them in 1814.

    By combining all the different wavelengths of lights, scientists can determine all the chemicals that make up the atmosphere of a planet. 

    The key is that what is missing, provides the clues to find out what is present.  

    It is vitally important that this is done by space telescopes, as the atmosphere of Earth would then interfere. 

    Absorption from chemicals in our atmosphere would skew the sample, which is why it is important to study the light before it has had chance to reach Earth. 

    This is often used to look for helium, sodium and even oxygen in alien atmospheres.  

    This diagram shows how light passing from a star and through the atmosphere of an exoplanet produces Fraunhofer lines indicating the presence of key compounds such as sodium or helium 

    This diagram shows how light passing from a star and through the atmosphere of an exoplanet produces Fraunhofer lines indicating the presence of key compounds such as sodium or helium 

    27-09-2021 om 18:41 geschreven door peter  

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  • www.caelestia.be
  • ufo.startpagina.nl.
  • www.wszechocean.blogspot.com.
  • AsocCivil Unifa
  • UFO DISCLOSURE PROJECT

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