Kan een afbeelding zijn van hond

Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.

This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.

Carl Sagan Space GIF by Feliks Tomasz Konczakowski

X Files Ufo GIF by SeeRoswell.com

1990: Petit-Rechain, Belgium triangle UFO photograph - Think AboutIts

Ufo Pentagon GIF

ufo abduction GIF by Ski Mask The Slump God

Flying Sci-Fi GIF by Feliks Tomasz Konczakowski

Season 3 Ufo GIF by Paramount+

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Inhoud blog
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    The purpose of  this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and  free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category.
    Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
     

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    Een interessant adres?
    UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
    UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld
    In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog. Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch... Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels. MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen. MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity... Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com. Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal. Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP. ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
    13-08-2021
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Baan van één van de gevaarlijkste ruimtestenen in ons zonnestelsel nu nauwkeuriger in beeld gebracht

    Baan van één van de gevaarlijkste ruimtestenen in ons zonnestelsel nu nauwkeuriger in beeld gebracht

    Met dank aan ruimtesonde OSIRIS-REx weten we nu dat de kans dat ruimtesteen Bennu tussen nu en het jaar 2300 op aarde inslaat, slechts 0,057 procent is.

    Dat heeft NASA zojuist bekend gemaakt. De Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie leunt voor de nieuwe kansberekening sterk op data van de Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security-Regolith Explorer (kortweg OSIRIS-REx): een sonde die bijna twee jaar om ruimtesteen Bennu cirkelde.

    Modellen verfijnen
    Ruimtevaartorganisaties zoals NASA jagen al geruime tijd op planetoïden en kometen die relatief dicht bij de aarde in de buurt komen en op termijn een gevaar kunnen vormen voor onze planeet. “We doen dat door voortdurend onderzoeken uit te voeren, waarbij data verzameld worden die leiden tot de ontdekking van onbekende objecten en helpen om onze modellen die de baan van objecten beschrijven, te verfijnen,” zo legt onderzoeker Kelly Fast uit. “De OSIRIS-REx-missie bood ons de uitzonderlijke mogelijkheid om deze modellen verder te verfijnen en testen en nog nauwkeuriger te voorspellen waar Bennu wanneer deze over iets meer dan een eeuw bij de aarde in de buurt komt, precies zal zijn.”

    Gevaarlijk
    Dat onderzoekers dankzij OSIRIS-REx een nauwkeuriger beeld van de baan van bennu hebben gekregen, is heel belangrijk. Want hoewel Bennu er op de prachtige foto’s die OSIRIS-REx van de planetoïde maakte, vrij onschuldig uitziet, staat de ruimtesteen toch te boek als één van de gevaarlijkste ruimtestenen in het zonnestelsel. In het jaar 2135 zal de ruimtesteen langs de aarde scheren. Hoewel Bennu op dat moment geen gevaar vormt voor de aarde, is het heel belangrijk dat onderzoekers precies weten waar Bennu zich tijdens die ontmoeting bevindt. Alleen zo kunnen ze namelijk voorspellen hoe de zwaartekracht van de aarde de baan van de planetoïde verandert en of de ruimtesteen in een later stadium daardoor wél gevaarlijk dichtbij gaat komen.

    Nieuwe berekeningen, nieuwe kansen
    De nieuwe data suggereren dat we opgelucht adem kunnen halen. Na een nauwkeurigere bepaling van de baan van Bennu blijkt de kans dat de ruimtesteen tussen nu en 2300 inslaat ongeveer 1 op 1750, oftewel 0,057 procent te zijn. Ook kunnen onderzoekers nu een datum noemen waarop de inslagkans het grootst is. Dat is 24 september 2182. De kans dat Bennu op die dag op aarde inslaat, is echter nog steeds heel klein, namelijk 1 op 2700, oftewel 0,037 procent. “De OSIRIS-REx-data geven ons zoveel preciezere informatie, dat we nu de grenzen van onze modellen kunnen testen en de toekomstige koers van Bennu met vrij veel zekerheid kunnen berekenen,” aldus onderzoeker Davide Farnocchia. “We hebben de koers van een planetoïde nog nooit zo precies kunnen modelleren.”

    Kleine krachten met een groot effect
    Het vaststellen van de exacte locatie van Bennu gedurende de scheervlucht langs de aarde is met name heel belangrijk met het oog op zogenoemde ‘gravitational keyholes‘. Dit zijn gebieden in de ruimte die Bennu op koers met de aarde kunnen brengen als de planetoïde er door toedoen van het effect dat de zwaartekracht van de aarde op de ruimtesteen heeft, op specifieke momenten doorheen beweegt. Om vast te stellen waar Bennu zich tijdens de scheervlucht bevindt en of deze door zo’n gravitational keyhole gaat bewegen, gingen de onderzoekers na welke krachten van invloed zijn op Bennu, terwijl deze zijn baantjes om de zon trekt. Zelfs kleine krachten kunnen de baan van Bennu over langere tijd sterk beïnvloeden en er zomaar voor zorgen dat deze zo’n gravitational keyhole mist of er juist wél doorheen beweegt. Een voorbeeld van zo’n kracht die van invloed is op de baan van Bennu is de warmte van de zon. Terwijl de planetoïde rond de zon trekt, wordt de dagzijde ervan – de zijde die door de zon beschenen wordt – opgewarmd. Omdat de planetoïde roteert, draait het verwarmde oppervlak weg van de zon, om aan de nachtzijde weer af te koelen. Terwijl het oppervlak afkoelt, geeft het infrarode energie af die een heel kleine stuwende kracht op de planetoïde uitoefent. Dat wordt ook wel het Yarkovsky-effect genoemd. Dit is op zichzelf een heel klein effect, maar op lange termijn kunnen de gevolgen ervan heel groot zijn en kan het Yarkovsky-effect de baan van een planetoïde zelfs behoorlijk veranderen. “Het Yarkovsky-effect speelt op bij alle planetoïden, ongeacht hun omvang en hoewel het effect – op afstand – voor een kleine fractie van de planetoïdenpopulatie al is gemeten, gaf OSIRIS-REX ons voor het eerst de mogelijkheid om het effect – terwijl Bennu om de zon reisde – in detail te meten,” stelt Steve Chesley. En ook op Bennu is het Yarkovsky-effect klein. “Maar wel van belang als we de inslagkans in de komende decennia en eeuwen willen berekenen.”

    Bemonstering
    Andere krachten die de onderzoekers nader onder de loep namen, waren onder meer de zwaartekracht van de zon, de planeten, hun manen en meer dan 300 andere planetoïden. Maar ook de druk van de zonnewind. En er werd zelfs gekeken of het bemonsteren van Bennu – waarbij OSIRIS-REx zelf even kracht uitoefende op de planetoïde – van invloed was geweest op de baan van de ruimtesteen. Maar de bemonstering bleek – zoals verwacht – een verwaarloosbaar effect te hebben gehad op de koers van de ruimtesteen en de kans dat de ruimtesteen op aarde zou inslaan niet beïnvloed te hebben.

    Minder keyholes
    Rekening houdend met alle krachten die van invloed zijn op de baan van Bennu hebben onderzoekers het aantal gravitational keyholes waar Bennu doorheen zou kunnen reizen, behoorlijk terug kunnen dringen. En daarmee ook een aantal toekomstige inslagscenario’s van tafel kunnen vegen.

    De onderzoekers zijn in hun nopjes met de data van OSIRIS-REx en de bevindingen die daaruit voortvloeien. “De data van deze missie hielpen ons om de inslagkans in de komende eeuwen beter te voorspellen en heeft onze algemene kennis over mogelijk gevaarlijke planetoïden vergroot – een ongelofelijk mooi resultaat,” vindt onderzoeker Dante Lauretta.

    Over de missie
    OSIRIS REx arriveerde in 2018 bij planetoïde Bennu. Na bijna twee jaar om de ruimtesteen gedraaid te hebben, daalde OSIRIS REx in 2020 af naar het oppervlak om daar wat materiaal te verzamelen. Dat materiaal is nu onderweg naar de aarde; OSIRIS REx verliet Bennu in mei. De sonde levert de capsule die rijkelijk gevuld is met materiaal afkomstig van Bennu naar verwachting in september 2023 op aarde af. Astronomen kunnen zich dan over het materiaal buigen en zo hopelijk meer te weten komen over Bennu én de totstandkoming van het complete zonnestelsel, waaronder onze van het leven wemelende planeet. Bennu is namelijk zo’n 4,5 miljard jaar oud, maar vrijwel ongerept en in zekere zin dan ook een tijdcapsule op zichzelf, die ons een uniek inkijkje kan geven in het jonge zonnestelsel en de materialen die daar voorhanden waren. “Koolstofhoudende planetoïden zoals Bennu bevatten een breed scala aan organische moleculen, zoals aminozuren en herbergen de oer-mineralen waaruit de planeten zijn opgebouwd,” zo legde projectwetenschapper Jason Dworkin eerder aan Scientias.nl uit. “We hopen dan ook de moleculaire voorlopers die leidden tot het ontstaan van leven en de bouwblokken van het zonnestelsel te gaan vinden.”

    Oorspronkelijk zou de missie van OSIRIS-REx met het afleveren van het materiaal op aarde ten einde komen. Maar mogelijk zit er toch nog meer in het verschiet; NASA speelt met de gedachte om de sonde nog naar een ander hemellichaam te sturen.

    Bronmateriaal:

    https://www.scientias.nl/ }

    13-08-2021 om 22:52 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.ESA'S EXOMARS ROVER: LAUNCH DATE, BOREHOLES, AND THE HUNT FOR LIFE

    Everything you need to know about the ExoMars Rover<br>

    ESA'S EXOMARS ROVER: LAUNCH DATE, BOREHOLES, AND THE HUNT FOR LIFE

    The rover will dig deeper into Mars than any previous mission in search of ancient life.

    IF YOU WANT TO FIND LIFE ON MARS, CARRY A BIG DRILL. That’s the idea the European Space Agency and partner Russian Roscosmos have brought to the upcoming ExoMars mission and its planned Rosalind Franklin Mars rover.

    “The deepest anyone has dug on Mars is six centimeters,” ExoMars project scientist Jorge Vago tells Inverse.

    That’s a big deal, he says, since there are several factors — cosmic radiation, unmitigated ultraviolet light, and powerfully oxidizing perchlorates — that have likely destroyed any organic biosignatures in the top meter or so of Martian soil over the past billions of years.

    “The recipe we have with ExoMars is we’re going to drill below all that crap,” to a depth of two meters, Vago says. “Our hypothesis is that if you go to the right place and drill deep enough, you may be able to get access to well preserved organic material from 4 billion years ago, when conditions on the surface of Mars were more like what we had on infant Earth.”

    The rover, set for launch in 2022, will bring to a head a decades-in-development program that has suffered a series of setbacks. If all goes well, the Rosalin Franklin rover may be scientists' best shot at getting a definitive answer about whether there was ever life on Mars and what its fate can tell us about our own planet.

    WHAT IS THE ROSALIND FRANKLIN ROVER?

    The Rosalind Franklin rover is an astrobiology lab on six wheels. It’s the mobile component of the joint ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars mission that also includes the Kazachok lander vehicle. Kazachok will land and release the rover on Mars’s Oxia Planum, an area believed to have once contained liquid water and may have been hospitable to early life.

    “If we are lucky, it might have been the coastal area of a very large northern hemisphere ocean,” Vagos says. The Oxia Planum will also be the oldest site targeted by spacecraft so far, he adds, and is believed to be between 4 and 4.1 billion years old.

    The rover will drill deep into the soil, bring samples into its internal array of instruments, and conduct experiments looking for biosignatures of potential life on Mars.

    The rover itself is named in honor of the British scientist Rosalind Franklin, whose X-ray images of DNA were instrumental in the discovery of the double-helical structure of the DNA molecule by Frances Crick and James Watson. “She would have shared the Nobel Prize with them if she had not died of cancer,” Vargo says.

    The Kazachok lander and Rosalind Franklin rover represent a second phase for the overall ExoMars mission, which began in 2016 with the launch of the Trace Gas Orbiter and ill-fated Schiaparelli EDM lander.

    The Trace Gas orbiter is expected to continue studying the Martian atmosphere with a special focus on methane through at least 2023, but the Schiaparelli lander crashed during its descent to the Martian surface due to a computer malfunction. A problem with the lander’s inertial measurement unit, or IMU, which tracks the lander’s position on its descent, led the lander’s computer to believe it had landed while still a few kilometers in the air, according to Vago.

    The Schiaparelli lander’s demise provided valuable data for ESA; however, the spacecraft’s final telemetry data led to improvements in the upcoming Kazochok and Rosalind Franklin rover mission.

    “The 2022 mission implements a new, much more robust entry, descent, and landing (EDL) sequence, with redundant IMUs whose values are constantly being compared relative to what they should be by the capsule's computer,” Vago says. “In case one of them would go coo-coo, it would be taken offline.”

    WHAT IS THE ROSALIND FRANKLIN ROVER LAUNCH DATE?

    The 12-day launch window for ExoMars opens on September 20, 2022, and closes on October 1. If all goes well, the Kazachok lander and Rosalind Franklin rover will launch on a Proton rocket from the Baikonur launch complex in Kazakhstan sometime in that window. “Regardless of when we launch, the landing is always on the 10th of June, 2023,” Vago adds.

    The mission was most recently scheduled to launch in 2020, but “we were hit with a double whammy,” he says. “On the one hand, we were late with the software and some of the avionics boxes, so we couldn’t test them the way we wanted to. And then we were hit by Covid-19.”

    WHAT IS THE MISSION OF THE ROSALIND FRANKLIN ROVER?

    “The main goal is to search for signs of life,” Vagos says, though there are many constituent steps the Rosalind Franklin rover will take in service of that goal. It will begin, he says, by studying geochemistry and potential biological signatures in the area around the landing site. “After you land, you look around and try to understand where you are and what it is that you see,” Vagos says. “It’s part and parcel of the exploration to try and understand the geology.”

    The rover will then explore and drill in other locations, aiming to access any potentially preserved signs of life further beneath the Martian surface than any mission has reached before. It will be a deliberative process guided by the rover's many instruments to help with drill site selection.

    “It is true we can go down to two meters, but it takes us almost five days to drill that deep,” Vago says. “It is a big commitment from the point of view of mission time to decide, ‘OK, I am going to drill here.’”

    HOW BIG IS THE ROSALIND FRANKLIN ROVER, AND WHAT CAN IT DO?

    The Rosalind Franklin rover is a middleweight, coming in at around 310 kilograms (683 pounds). Lighter than NASA’s 1,000 kilogram (2,204 pound) Curiosity rover, but heftier than the Russian Mars rovers at 186 kilograms (410 pounds).

    The ground test model of the Rosalind Frankling ExoMars rover navigating rocky terrain in a laboratory test. 
    ESA

    Designed with difficult terrain in mind, the Rosalind Franklin rover has flexible wheels, which can also lock and serve as “feet” swung from articulated “knees” for traversing deep sand or steep dunes. “We can command a different type of gate in which we use the wheels as insect feet,” Vagos says.

    Locomotion aside, the rover carries an arsenal of instruments designed to aid in its primary mission of searching for Martian life. A set of stereoscopic cameras on the rover mast aid in navigation, while a high-resolution 300-millimeter (~1 foot) camera is paired with an infrared spectrometer to help scientists decide where to explore. “Everything looks kind of butterscotch or orange-y,” Vagos says. “Having the infrared spectrometer gives you better information about the mineralogy.”

    Once a potential drilling site is selected and the rover moves there, it can use the Russian-built Adron-RM neutron spectrometer to gauge how much water is in the soil beneath the rover. Too much moisture could interfere with measurements, Vagos says, “instead of crushing the samples to make powdered material, you would be sort of kneading dough to make bread.”

    The rover also includes a French-made ground-penetrating radar to ensure the rover doesn’t attempt to drill through a slab of basalt a meter below the surface. The drill itself contains a microscope and an infrared spectrometer, according to Vagos.

    Once a sample is acquired, it will be brought into the rover, where many tools can be applied to study the soil, including ovens and lasers designed to separate potential organic material from any perchlorates contained within the sample.

    HOW WILL THE ROSALIND FRANKLIN ROVER LOOK FOR LIFE?

    The rover will use the ESA’s ExoMars Biosignature score, which applies weight to several different signs of life. These include morphological signs of life similar to stromatolites on earth, layers of sediment that are structured by bacteria colonies.

    “After what, 25, 30 years of missions landing on Mars, nobody has seen any of these that would feel comfortable with saying, for sure we have detected a morphological biosignature,” Vago says. “But in principle, that is something you can and would want to look for.”

    The most important biosignatures the rover will look for are chemical biosignatures, such as the presence of organic molecules of a certain “handedness,” Vagos says.

    Organic molecules are either left or right-handed — that is, they have the same structure, but they are reflections of each other. If you make an organic chemical in a lab or a geological process, you get equal amounts of both.

    “But if it is life that makes an organic molecule, it makes one type,” Vagos says, so finding only “left-handed” organics on Mars would be a strong sign of life.

    But even that wouldn’t be strong enough to prove life existed on Mars. Vagos says evidence of organic molecules of a certain handedness would add 30 points to the Biosignatures Score, the most of any independent sign, but not enough on its own.

    “What we claim is that if you get up to 100 points, then for sure you have demonstrated life was active,” he says. “The reason we say that is to be able to add 100 points, you have to have at least four or five independent biosignatures verified, and the chance that would happen just using geology is very, very low.”

    HOW MANY ROVERS WILL BE ON MARS?

    If the Rosalind Franklin rover successfully lands on Mars in 2022, it will become the eighth successful rover to land and operate on Mars, and will likely be the fourth rover active on Mars at that time.

    NASA’s Curiosity rover, which landed in 2012, is still operational as of August 2021, while NASA’s Perseverance rover, which landed in February 2021, should still be cruising the red planet in 2022.

    The Chinese Zhurong rover landed in May 2021.

    https://www.inverse.com/ }

    13-08-2021 om 22:21 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.A “Nazi coin of the year 2039” found in Mexico goes viral on the Internet

    A “Nazi coin of the year 2039” found in Mexico goes viral on the Internet

    Many ooparts have been found in ancient ruins, however is it possible to find one that comes from a future other than ours? That is the case with a Nazi coin minted in 2039.

    The coin has 2039 as the date of minting.

    Diego Avilés is responsible for having found a strange coin in one of his works . At first glance it looks like a Nazi coin, with its swastika and slogan “alle in einer nation”, which in Spanish translates as ” all in one nation .” Only this one is a bit peculiar.

    Its minting date clearly says 2039 . Taking into account this date, and the motto that can be read on the reverse of the Nazi coin, is it possible that he traveled from a future where Nazi Germany won the war and dominated the world?

    Nazi currency of the future?

    In the municipality of La Concordia, in Chiapas, Mexico, there is, in fact, a town known as “New Germany,” but to date, no one pays with Nazi coins.

    So how is it possible that a coin with a swastika and clear Nazi attributes is found in Mexico? A fraud? An alternative future?

    Many people have claimed that the currency has been tampered with ; it would be the most logical thing to do. Modify the 1 and 9 at the beginning by a 2 and 0, so that, instead of 1939, it says 2039.

    However, changing two numbers is something very different and much less complicated than adding a complete phrase to it .

    The people of New Germany were born thanks to the German immigrants who arrived in Chiapas in the 1920s. However, at no time did any of them trade in Nazi coins in Mexico.

    To date the origin is not known, so it will be analyzed by the University of Mexico.

    Not even the commercialization of oil between both nations introduced the Nazi currency of the time in the North American nation. Their presence just doesn’t make sense.

    An oopart today?

    Quite simply, the coin found by Avilés does not fit into anything historical. Not even in the legal tender frameworks during the war , even though it has similarities.

    Is this an oopart in our era? Let us remember that this is what objects are called ” outside their time line ” or that do not belong to the epoch attributed to them.

    There are many of these discoveries, most belonging to ancient times, such as the Antikythera mechanism , a kind of ancient analog computer found in 1900.

    However, an oopart from a future beyond the present had never been found . Reason that has generated a multitude of theories.

    At the moment, the University of Mexico is analyzing the Nazi currency to determine its origin.

    • Is it possible that this coin came from an alternate future where the Nazis ruled the world? Or is it a simple fraud? However, the mystery is still present and until there are official versions, we will not be able to know where it comes from.

    RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

    https://mysteriousthing.com/ }

    13-08-2021 om 21:57 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:MYSTERIES ( Fr, Nl, E)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.NASA SCIENTISTS SUGGEST NUCLEAR-POWERED LIFE UNDER MARS SURFACE

    Afbeeldingsresultaten voor NASA Scientists Suggest Nuclear-Powered Life Under Mars Surface. Grootte: 271 x 160. Bron: habarientertainment.com

    NASA / FUTURISM

    NASA SCIENTISTS SUGGEST NUCLEAR-POWERED LIFE UNDER MARS SURFACE

    Digging Deep

    Mars might be harboring an ecosystem of microbial life underneath its surface that survives on radioactivity-fueled chemical activity, an international team of scientists led by NASA says.

    Even though the surface of Mars is hellish and inhospitable, the environment just beneath the surface may mirror the conditions that support underground microbes on Earth, according to new research published in the journal Astrobiology. It’s intriguing research and, despite being deeply speculative, could provide NASA and other space agencies with fresh ideas for what to look for in the ongoing hunt for past or present life on the Red Planet.

    “The environment with the best chance of habitability on Mars is the subsurface,” lead study author and NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory planetary scientist Jesse Tarnas told Scientific American.

    As Above, So Below

    The scientists drew parallels to a similar phenomenon on Earth, in which underground radioactive compounds break down water molecules to produce life-sustaining compounds like hydrogen gas and sulfates.

    This process has sustained subterranean microbes on Earth for millions of years if not longer, according to SciAm, and the researchers say that that the same thing could be happening on Mars based on their analysis of Martian meteorites and new data from NASA rovers. Even if there aren’t any radioactivity-fueled alien microbes on the Red Planet today, the scientists suspect that there could have been at some point in time.

    Just Add Water

    The one missing component, the scientists say, would be Martian groundwater. If there is water in the cracks and pores of the Martian subsurface, then the radiolysis process could theoretically support alien microbes today. But that’s a big “if,” Rutgers University planetary scientist Lujendra Ojha, who didn’t work on the study, told SciAm.

    That’s not to say that Ojha disagrees with the researchers’ conclusion, but rather that there’s no guarantee we’ll find groundwater in the Martian subsurface.

    “Where there is groundwater, there could be life,” Ojha told SciAm.

    RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

    https://futurism.com/the-byte }

    13-08-2021 om 21:39 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Commercial and Military Pilots Report Recent UFO Over Canada’s East Coast

    Commercial and Military Pilots Report Recent UFO Over Canada’s East Coast

    Less than two weeks after the blockbuster revelation that a Canadian company responsible for providing air traffic control monitoring to commercial pilots has been hiding UFO reports and just a few months after an independent investigation found numerous Canadian UFO sightings by pilots not known to the general public comes yet another unusual sighting near Canada’s Atlantic coast and this one has reports from both commercial AND military pilots. Are aliens spending more time in the Great White North now that border restrictions have lessened and close encounters with American military pilots may be getting too close for comfort?

    2021-08-11
    The Gander area control centre (ACC) reported that, at 0155Z, a Government Of Canada, Department of National Defence flight (CFC4003) from Trenton, ON (CYTR) to Cologne/Bonn, Germany (EDDK) and a KLM Royal Dutch Airlines Airbus A330-300 (KLM618) from Boston/Logan, MA (KBOS) to Amsterdam/Schiphol, Netherlands (EHAM) reported seeing a bright green flying object. It flew into a cloud, then disappeared. No impact to operations.

    The incident referred to in this report was posted on August 11th by CADORS (the Civil Aviation Daily Occurrence Report System), the organization providing to the public digital access to its database of airline incidents and UFO reports from airlines, but actually occurred on July 30th, giving the military, airlines and government plenty of time to investigate it before posting. Why the delay? The CANDOR report gives probable causes as “Weather balloon, meteor, rocket, CIRVIS/UFO” – CIRVIS is the Canadian-United States Communications Instructions Reporting Vital Intelligence Sightings required to be filed by U.S. ands Canadian military pilots after “all unidentifiable, suspicious, or hostile air or seaborne traffic” incidents. VICE.com, which has been doing an outstanding job revealing the UFO goings-on in Canada recently, requested additional information from an unnamed Canadian military spokesperson and got this response:

    “In this particular incident, there is nothing to indicate that what the crew saw posed any kind of safety risk to the aircraft. We believe that they saw something—they would not have filed a report otherwise.”

    This sounds like the verbiage in the Pentagon’s recent UFO report – they saw something and they don’t know what it was but it was no safety risk. Isn’t that contradictory? A spokesperson from Nav Canada, the private company that operates Canada’s air traffic control system, told VICE it had nothing to add. However, Steffan Watkins (@steffanwatkins), an “open source research consultant focused on debunking #misinfo|#disinfo about planes, ships, & #OpenSkies,” had some interesting observations which he posted on Twitter:

    “RCAF CC-177 177705 #CFC4003 (49.059, -60.787) @ 28k ft, had just made a change in course and had climbed 1000ft when they reported seeing the UFO.”

    “PH-AKD #KL618 #KLM618 (48.023, -59.422) 39,000ft made no change in course.”

    He wondered if the RCAF pilot changed course to avoid something or to get a better look, or was this just a normal swerve-like course correction. What’s normal about a swerve? Does the police officer EVER take that as your alibi and not write a ticket? (Asking for a friend.) And before you point out that the Perseids meteor shower could be the cause of the green object seen, this was still early in 2021 cycle (it doesn’t peak until Aug 11-13). Would a military pilot ‘swerve’ to see a meteor – especially when he or she was on their way to help out in Afghanistan?

    “We believe that they saw something.” That’s the best we can say at this point, but the circumstantial evidence warrants more investigation. Will that ever happen? Kudos to VICE for their coverage of these mysterious Canadian encounters between Military and commercial flights and UFOs.

    The truth is out there, eh?

    RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

    https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

    13-08-2021 om 21:10 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:UFOs , UAPs , USOS
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Bob White and His Mysterious Object That Fell From a UFO

    Bob White and His Mysterious Object That Fell From a UFO

    Of all of the types of evidence that have been put forward over the years for UFOs, certainly the most sought after is physical proof, something we can see and touch. It is a type of evidence that has remained frustratingly elusive over the decades, and considering the thousands of UFO sightings on record and the numerous reports of actual UFO crashes, one might think it was only a matter of time before such evidence came to light, but this has not proven to be the case. Any such alleged evidence is always whisked away by the military or covered up, leaving us with only stories. Yet, on occasion, we get a story of a piece of UFO or something of the sort, and one of these is the tale of a man who claimed to have retrieved a mysterious artifact dropped from an alien craft over the desert.

    One evening in 1985, a man named Bob White was driving with a friend on their way from Denver to Las Vegas. At the time, White was asleep and his friend at the wheel, watching the hypnotic lane lines flicker by as they meandered through the remote wasteland between Grand Junction, Colorado and the Utah border. Here was a place in which there was not another soul for miles around, a moonscape of rocky desert that expanded out past the illumination of the headlights in a vast expanse of nothingness, and it would have been a rather dull drive until a weird series of events began to play out that made the evening a bit more exciting.

    Bob White

    At around 2:30 a.m., White was jolted awake by his friend. Wiping the sleepiness from his eyes and watching the nighttime desert streak by outside, he at first couldn’t figure out why his friend had woken him. It wasn’t his turn to be at the wheel and nothing at first seemed out of place, the car smoothly rolling along, but his friend was in a state of agitation. When White asked what was going on, his companion frantically pointed off towards the horizon, and it was then that he could see a strange light off in the distance, which did not look like an airplane. The light steadily grew in size and brightness until it was blinding, turning the desert night into day, and White would say of what happened:

    The light was about the size of a full harvest moon. As we got closer, it grew larger. When we were a few hundred yards from it, I turned off the ignition and we coasted up close to it. It was huge, the size of a very big barn. I got out of the car for a better look. For some unknown reason, Jan turned on the headlights, and this light went up in the sky as fast as my eyes could follow it. What I saw, was not of this Earth. Then I saw another small light, bright orange with a tinge of yellow, white, and blue falling from it.

    After this, the larger object rose into the air rapidly, joined with an even larger object, a sort of “mother ship,” and the whole of it shot off into the night, leaving the two frightened men there alone in the dark desert once again to try and process what they had just seen. Overcome with curiosity, White started hiking off through the scrub through the wilderness towards where he estimated the smaller object had fallen, making his way up an incline to find a groove in the ground, which he estimates as having been around 18 inches deep and 9 inches wide. Within this groove was a glowing object, about 7-1/2 inches long and shaped like a teardrop, still too hot to get anywhere near and apparently made of some kind of metal. White waited until it had cooled down enough to touch, and then brought it back to the car, stashing it into the trunk.

    White, who claims to have never believed in UFOs before this incident, was baffled as to what the object could possibly be, but did not know who to turn to for help or what to do with it. He kept it locked in a safe deposit box to keep it safe, and in the meantime travelled about trying to raise interest in his discovery, travelling to conferences and trying to get the object tested. He even opened his Museum of the Unexplained, which would hold the object high as its main attraction. In 1996, a small sample of the object was finally tested by the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, which didn’t come to any firm conclusions, but did have this to say:

    The metallurgical analysis was pretty mundane. We didn’t find any evidence that it was extraterrestrial. Now you can make the argument that we didn’t spend $1 million and look at every conceivable option. We didn’t cover every base.

    A second laboratory came to a similar conclusion, deflating hoped that this was an alien device or piece of spaceship. Undeterred and convinced of the object’s otherworldly nature, White decided to keep trying, sending in samples to the Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico Tech, and at the Geosciences Research Division of the Scripps Institute in La Jolla, California, for more thorough analyses. One of White’s partners, a Dr. Robert Gibbons, a former scientist with NASA, would say of the results of these further tests:

    We recently came across scientific data that linked Bob’s object with the planet Mars. Isotope abundance ratio tests were performed on Bob’s object in May, 1999 in La Jolla, CA and the numbers are virtually the same as obtained from Martian meteorite samples. The ratio of isotopes of Strontium for the QUE 94201 meteorite found in Antarctica in 1994 was 0.701. The ratio of isotopes of Strontium for Bob’s object was 0.712. The ratio of isotopes of Strontium for the Shergotty meteorite found India in 1865 was 0.723. Bob’s object is right in the middle of two proven Martian meteorites!

    Bob White and his mysterious artifact

    So, what does this all mean? Well, the most rational explanation is that this is exactly what the object is: a meteorite. This could also explain the strange sighting the two men had had to some degree, although it doesn’t explain the presence of the massive UFO they had seen or the “mothership” it attached to before speeding off into the night. Other ideas are that they saw debris from a satellite falling, or some naturally occurring celestial phenomenon, and that the weird object he found was completely unrelated. Then there is the possibility that this is all just a hoax. All of these possibilities White strongly denied. He never tried to get rich off of his findings, and whatever he did find out there in the desert, he certainly seemed to have at least truly believe it was real, once saying of his crusade to get the object recognized:

    This is the most difficult thing I’ve ever done in my life. I’m 73 years old. I don’t have much longer. What I’d like to see before I’m gone is the national media get their heads out of the sand. I’d like to see the national media and everybody else realize that what I have is real. I don’t know what I have to do to prove this is the truth. You can’t make this stuff up.

    He would continue to adamantly stick to his story and defend his strange discovery all the way up to his death in 2009, but the object would stay locked away in his museum, where it remains to this day. What exactly did he find out there in the desert on that fateful night? Is this a piece of meteorite, space debris, just a weird-looking rock, a hoax, or something else? As of yet, there is no proof that the object is anything more mysterious than a rock or meteorite, but it is still a pretty odd story all the same, and managed to get a lot of attention in its time as a piece of possible physical evidence from a UFO.

    RELATED INFORMATION, selected and posted by peter2011

    What others have to say about the Bob White object

     
    Source: 4https://www.coasttocoastam.com/photo/view/bob_white_s_artifact/46121
    September 2003

    Dr Robert Gibbons, former NASA scientist and Executive Director of the Museum of the Unexplained said:


    'We recently came across scientific data that linked Bob's object with the planet Mars. Isotopic abundance ratio tests were performed on Bob's object in May 1999, in La Jolla, CA  and the numbers are virtually the same as obtained from Martian meteorite samples. The ratio of isotopes of strontium for the QUE94201 meteorite found in Antarctica in 1994 was 0.701. The ratio of the isotopes of strontium for Bob's object is 0.712. The ratio of the isotopes of strontium for the Shergotty meteorite found in India in 1860 is 0.723. Bob's object is right in the middle of two proven Martian meteorites.

    Dr Gibbons called for more tests on Bob's object.
    2004
     
    The Seattle Times newspaper dated 22 June 2004 carried an article by Steve Rock about White and the object. It provides an account by White himself. It was in 1985 about 2-3am one morning and he was travelling in a passenger. The driver woke him from sleep and pointed out a light in the sky. White went back to sleep. A while later the driver again woke White and there was a huge object only 100 yards away in front of the vehicle. These lights ascended into the sky where they joined a pair of neon tube like objects which all travelled East and were lost to view.
    An orange object was seen falling from them, which White found red hot on the ground. After it cooled it was placed in the vehicle.
    It was 7.5 inches long, teardrop shape and had a metallic exterior , and weighed less than 2 pounds.
    It made its way to the Nevada based National Institute for Discovery Science. In 1996 a sample was sent to the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology. Col Kelleher of NIDS reportedly stated 'The metallurgical analysis was pretty mundane.' A Californian scientist who tested it is stated to have said 'It didn't have any extra-terrestrial signature.'
      The full analysis report may be read here. One website I located had the following table:

    APRIL 2017
    In reply to a comment from an individual, named Lee, who said they saw stalagmites of this type form in a steel workshop, Larry Cekander, co-founder of 'The Museum of the Unexplained' with Bob White, stated:
    '...trying to compare iron or steel machine shop grinding to the artifact recovered in 1985 is like comparing apples and oranges and trying to make grape juice. The metal object pictured in the interview is aluminum not steel or other ferrous metal. No matter how hard you try you will never get aluminum to melt on a grinding wheel. You will never get any sparks from it. As soon as you start to grind on it, it will turn to powder or dust.
    The Vickers hardness scale of the artifact is 61 to 63, the pictures you are using to compare the Bob White object are not close at all to the shape or consistency of the object. One other small point. The artifact has been to 15 labs and universities in the past 21 years including Los Alamos; Ne Mexico State Mine and Minerals; delta state and much more.
    If the artifact had been in a machine shop on a grinder of some sort there would be residue in the artifact from the wheels used to form it. There are 33 elements identified and not one of them are binding agents from a grinding wheel or disc.

    If you have any other questions please ask me. The labs and universities we have used DO KNOW the difference between a formation of metals under a grinding wheel and the artifact.

    We know it was formed outside of our atmosphere, no question about it. Now maybe the machine used on it in outer space had a machine shop but then again we know it was in a molten state when ejected into a vacuum under extreme pressure with extremely cold conditions. There are identifiers showing an extra-terrestrial origin to the object also. It was never near a machine shop lee..'

    Chronology

    1985. Sighting; and artifact found.

    1996 A sample was sent to the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology. Col Kelleher of NIDS reportedly stated 'The metallurgical analysis was pretty mundane.'  The full analysis report may be read here. The final paragraph of the analysis report reads:

    'There are no anomalies in the results of this analysis. The detected phases are accounted for, and the micro structure lends itself to standard metallurgical interpretation. The physical properties that were measured (density, hardness and electrical resistivity) all fall within the expected range.' 

    1999 Isotopic abundance ratio tests were performed on Bob's object in May 1999, in La Jolla, CA (Geosciences Research Division of the Scripps Institute.) I have not been able to locate a full copy of their analysis. However, it was reported, by Dr Robert Gibbons, that 'The ratio of the isotopes of strontium for Bob's object is 0.712.'

    Since 1999 Larry Cekander states that 'The artifact has been to 15 labs and universities in the past 21 years including Los Alamos; Ne Mexico State Mine and Minerals; delta state and much more.' However, I have been unable to locate detailed analyses from other than the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology.  If any reader knows of these detailed analyses, I would like to hear of them.

    https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

    13-08-2021 om 20:52 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:MYSTERIES ( Fr, Nl, E)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - 13 - 8 - 2021

    LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - 13 - 8 - 2021

    UFO Sighted Over Miami, Florida ( August 12, 2021 )

    STATEMENT : UFO. Just filmed what looks like a UFO. Colour lights in MIiami Sky, Florida, 9:26 PM EST.

    Closer every day

    • credit : Alex Sanchez 

    UFO Sighted Over Lake Lac Saint-Martin, Manitoba, Canada ( August 11, 2021 )

    STATEMENT : Was coming home from fairford Manitoba Canada when I got to little Saskatchewan First Nation I noticed a ball of light on the lake in the middle of know where maybe a UFO just crashed there I made a few videos of the light it was very dark on that road
    maybe a UFO just crashed near stellas beach lake st Martin Manitoba

    They are everywhere

    • credit : Ian Sinclair

    https://www.youtube.com/ }

    13-08-2021 om 20:16 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:LATEST ( UFO ) VIDEO NEWS ( ENG)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - MUFON CASES - - 13 - 8 - 2021

    LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - MUFON CASES - - 13 - 8 - 2021

    MUFON CASE : 117250 Trenton, New Jersey ( August 12, 2021 )

    Mutual UFO Network : MUFON SUBMISSIONS : 3 Massive orange ufo orbs
    Long Description of Sighting Report - Case 117250

    It was too hot to sleep I went outside & saw 3 massive orbs just hovering in the sky I could not resist to record what was taking place. Recorded using a tripod from my balcony I wanted to show all different angels of these orbs.

    Date Submitted : 2021-08-12
    Date of Event : 2021-08-12
    MUFON SUBMITTER FILE : 3orbs.mp4 : no audio

    https://www.youtube.com/ }

    13-08-2021 om 20:09 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ARTICLES of MUFON ( ENG)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Bizarre Pilot UFO Encounters from the 1950s

    Bizarre Pilot UFO Encounters from the 1950s | Mysterious Universe

    Bizarre Pilot UFO Encounters from the 1950s

    Some of the more remarkable UFO encounters on record have involved pilots of various types, both civilian and military. These reports tend to resonate because they come from well-trained professionals with impeccable observation skills, so when they say they have seen something truly strange, people tend to listen. Such reports are actually quite numerous, stretching back through the decades, and here we will look at a selection of particularly notable pilot UFO encounters from the 1950s.

    Starting off, 1952 seems to have been a rather busy year for strange pilot UFO encounters. First, we have the case of Commander Edward P. Stafford, of the US Navy, who says that in August of that year he was in charge of a detachment of three Naval patrol planes flying out of an air base at Thule, in northwest Greenland, which was integral to the chain of arctic radar stations called the DEW (distant early warning) line. At the time they were doing what is called “ice reconnaissance,” which entailed flying around the Kennedy Channel looking for large icebergs or pack ice so that this data could be relayed to the supply ships that arrived during the summer. They also had the secondary mission of helping Arctic scientists doing cosmic ray research, by helping them to retrieve the data packages from their high-altitude research balloons when the balloons came back down to earth. They would relay the location of the fallen packages, after which helicopters would go in to retrieve them. Stafford describes these as easy missions, but on this day things would get strange. Stafford would say:

    These were easy flights, always in good weather and always at an altitude safely above the tall, cloud-shrouded bergs and coastal rocks we often had to dodge on ice patrol. Each of us had two or three of those “milk runs” while deployed to Thule, and we rather enjoyed the change of tactics and routine, as well as the virtuous feeling that we were helping to advance the cause of science. This is why I was surprised to find one of the other plane commanders as tense and pale on return from a balloon chase as though it had been a hairy combat mission or a close encounter with a berg or a mountaintop. Lt. John Callahan was a salty, steady professional pilot, so I knew when I saw him walking in from his plane that something serious had happened on that flight. “What the hell’s the matter John?” I asked him. “You look as if you’d just survived a midair!” “Ed, you’re not going to believe it. I’m not even sure I do… and I SAW it. And so did O’Flaherty and Merchant. At least most of it. And I don’t think they believe it either.”

    The obviously heavily distressed and scared Callahan was then brought into the ready room and began to explain just what “it” had been. He claimed that he had been on a balloon run, flying at 10,000 feet in the clear with the balloon in sight high above and the radio compass needle locked on to the balloon’s transmitter, with he and his co-pilot Bill O’Flaherty occasionally taking turns checking the balloon through their binoculars. It was as they were doing this that they had noticed something very unusual, indeed. On one of these binocular checks, Callahan noticed three bright silver discs attached to the instrument pod of the balloon, and he pointed them out to O’Flaherty, who also saw them. They hadn’t been there minutes before, so both men were baffled as to what these objects could possibly be. Stafford would describe of what had happened to them next, saying:

    Callahan took the glasses back and looked again. They were still there exactly as the copilot had described, three shining, saucer-shaped metallic objects clustered on the hanging trail of the balloon just above the black dot of the science package. On the intercom Callahan called the plane captain to the cock- pit and handed him the binoculars. “Take a look Merchant. What do you think?” The captain’s reaction was the same as the copilot’s. “What the hell are they? Where did they come from?” Callahan took the glasses back and studied the strange objects for several minutes while O’Flaherty maneuvered the Privateer to keep the target in sight. Suddenly Callahan sucked in his breath and held it. What he was seeing could not be happening. The three objects had detached themselves from the tail of the balloon and formed up into a compact vee. As Callahan watched incredulously, they executed what looked at that distance like a vertical bank to the left and accelerated to a blinding speed that took them out of sight, climbing in about three seconds. Callahan handed the glasses back to O’Flaherty. “They’re gone,” he said slowly, “CLIMBING from 90,000 feet. Never saw anything turn so tight or move so fast.” Back in the ready room after the instrument pod had landed and its position had been reported, this was the aspect of the phenomenon that most affected Callahan. “Jesus, Ed,” he told me, “from the angle of the sky those things passed through in the three seconds they were in sight, at that distance, they must have been going tens of thousands of miles an hour. They must have pulled a hundred Gs in that turn. And what the hell climbs out, ACCELERATING from 90,000 feet?”

    The witness then apparently wrote a full report of the incident, but after that it was apparently just sort of buried and forgotten by the higher ups. There was never any explanation given, and the report was never brought up again. The only record of this happening is Stafford’s testimony, which originally appeared in Naval History Magazine, and that’s it. It is a strange case to be sure, but it wasn’t the only incident to happen in 1952. Just the month before, in July of 1952, there was another high-profile case involving a passenger airliner in the United States. On the evening of July 14, 1952, a Pan American World Airways DC-4 with a crew of three and 10 passengers, was on a routine flight from New York to Miami and things were going smoothly until just after sunset, when things would get very strange, indeed. At the time, the plane was on autopilot over Chesapeake Bay approaching Norfolk, Virginia, at an altitude of 8,000 feet, when all three crew members, consisting of Captain F. V. Koepke, First Officer William B. Nash and Second Officer William H. Fortenberry, saw a bright “red-orange brilliance” low near the ground in the distance. None of them could figure out what it could be, it had just suddenly appeared from nowhere, and as they studied the phenomenon it got even weirder still, when they could discern that it was in fact a series of bright objects. First Officer Nash would say of what they saw:

    Almost immediately we perceived that it consisted of six bright objects streaking toward us at tremendous speed, and obviously well below us. They had the fiery aspect of hot coals, but of much greater glow, perhaps twenty times more brilliant than any of the scattered ground lights over which they passed or the city lights to the right. Their shape was clearly outlined and evidently circular; the edges were well defined, not phosphorescent or fuzzy in the least and the red-orange color was uniform over the upper surface of each craft. Within the few seconds that it took the six objects to come half the distance from where we had first seen them, we could observe that they were holding a narrow echelon formation, a stepped-up line tilted slightly to our right with the leader at the lowest point, and each following craft slightly higher. At about the halfway point, the leader appeared to attempt a sudden slowing. We received this impression because the second and third wavered slightly and seemed almost to overrun the leader, so that for a brief moment during the remainder of their approach the positions of these three varied. It looked very much as if an element of “human” or “intelligence” error had been introduced, in so far as the following two did not react soon enough when the leader began to slow down and so almost overran him.

    The mysterious objects then shot forward at great speed, like “a stream of tracer bullets” approaching to pass under the plane, and the crew all excitedly took up positions that allowed them to look outside to watch them as they did. Nash would say of what they saw beneath them:

    All together, they flipped on edge, the sides to the left going up and the glowing surface facing right. Though the bottom surfaces did not become clearly visible, we had the impression that they were unlighted. The exposed edges, also unlighted, appeared to be about 15 feet thick, and the top surface, at least, seemed flat. In shape and proportion, they were much like coins. While all were in the edgewise position, the last five slid over and past the leader so that the echelon was now tail-foremost, so to speak, the top or last craft now being nearest to our position.

    The objects then all sped off in formation to the west while making erratic maneuvers like “a ball ricocheting off a wall.” Two more objects they hadn’t noticed then sped under them to join the others, and went out over the darkened bay at low altitude, before lifting off to disappear into the sky. Nash would say of their ascent:

    As they climbed, they oscillated up and down behind one another in a irregular fashion, as though they were extremely sensitive to control. In doing this, they went vertically past one another, bobbing up and down, just as the front three went horizontally past one another, as the initial six approached us. This appeared to be an intelligence error, ‘lousing up the formation’—they disappeared by blinking out in a mixed-up fashion, in no particular order. We stared after them, dumbfounded and probably open-mouthed. We looked around at the sky, half expecting something else to appear, though nothing did. There were flying saucers, and we had seen them. What we had witnessed was so stunning and incredible that we could readily believe that if either of us had seen it alone, he would have hesitated to report it. But here we were, face to face. We couldn’t both be mistaken about such a striking spectacle.

    It would later turn out that none of the passengers had witnessed the strange spectacle, but when they radioed in their report, they would find that eight unidentified objects in the of vicinity Langley Field has also been seen by another pilot in the area, as well as several witnesses on the ground. In fact, there had apparently been seven additional reports from persons who had witnessed similar incidents within 30 minutes of the encounter in the same area. Air Force investigators would later try to explain it away as five jets that had been purportedly operating in the area at the time, but the crew were experienced pilots who knew they had not seen jets. At the time, Project Blue Book would look at the case and concur that it was likely not jets that had been seen, eventually filing it away as “unknown.” Interestingly, the case would be dusted off in 1962 by the Director of the Harvard College Observatory, astrophysicist Donald H. Menzel, who would conclude that it had all been due to simply a reflection in the cockpit windows, from either an internal or external light source, which had then been misidentified as UFOs. Menzel would doubt the credibility of the pilots, claiming that they gotten overexcited, had exaggerated what they had seen, and made a simple mistake of perception, falling for an optical illusion. This would be challenged by Nash, who lashed out at Menzel in a letter, saying:

    Dr. Menzel, regardless of your figures the western horizon was not quite bright, and regarding your “reflection theory,” in the first place the objects were between us and the West. In the second place, they would have had to be damned persistent, consistent and impossible reflections to have manifested in three cockpit windows in exactly the same way. We first observed them through the front window. As they approached and I moved across the cockpit, I kept my eyes on the objects and saw them through the curved window of the windshield, and we both finished our observations looking through the right side window. That is why there is no evidence that the pilots considered that what they saw was a reflection; and you state that we were too excited by what we saw to make the most elementary scientific tests. Again, Doctor, pilots do not excite easily or they would not be airline pilots—please—a little respect for us?

    Menzel would concede that perhaps it had not been reflections, instead changing his explanation to some sort of optical illusion caused by a temperature inversion, or even a spotlight that had been refracted off of a cloud layer, both of which he would hold up as “a highly probable explanation that is consistent with all observations and does not depend on the presence of an extraterrestrial spacecraft.” However, Nash would adamantly deny that this could have accounted for what they had seen, and indeed neither a spotlight nor a temperature inversion seems to have been able to explain every aspect of what was seen by multiple qualified witnesses. To this day the case remains unsolved.

    Another report from 1952 comes to us from the Gulf of Mexico, where on December 6, 1952 a crew aboard a USAF B-29 bomber would have a hairy encounter of their own. The bomber was moving out across the gulf towards Texas when they picked up something bizarre on their radar scopes, which appeared to be several unidentified objects moving at incredible speed. The objects rapidly approached the bomber, after which they became visible as they streaked past, much to the astonishment of the crew. These mysterious objects then did a series of acrobatic aerial maneuvers around the bomber for several minutes, before merging with another massive object that appeared, after which this giant UFO sped off at speeds estimated to be in excess of 9,000 miles per hour. One of the crew that day, a 1st Lt Norman Karas, would explain of the incident:

    On 6 December 1952, while flying over the Gulf of Mexico towards Galveston, Texas, the flight engineer finished transferring fuel and I then turned on my radar set. I noticed an unidentified target approaching our aircraft at terrific rate of speed. I timed it as best as I could with my stopwatch over a known distance and the instructor flight engineer computed the speed at 5,240 mph. I alerted the entire crew to look for the object visually and some flashes of light were noticed. The closest the objects came were approximately 20 miles. I saw about 20 objects in all, sometimes as much as two and three on the scope at one time. I re-calibrated the set and there was no change. The object was small and possibly round. I also noticed a large return come up to within 40 miles of our tail from behind, and then disappeared. To the best of my knowledge, I believe that this object was real and moved at an extremely high speed and was not a set malfunction or optical illusion. Contact was broken off at 05:35 after a group of the blips merged into a ½ inch curved arc about 30 miles from our aircraft at 320 degrees and proceeded across the scope and off it at a computed speed of over 9,000 mph.

    B-29 bomber

    What was going on here? Who knows? The following year, we have a 1953 case that allegedly happened near Ellsworth AFB, just east of Rapid City, South Dakota. On August 11 of that year, the Air Defense Command radar station at Ellsworth AFB got a strange call from the local Ground Observer Corps filter center just after dark. It turns out that a spotter about 10 miles from the base had reported a very bright light moving low on the horizon, and ground control also picked it up, reporting the object as being at an altitude of 16,000 feet and stating that it “was well defined, solid, and bright.” A F-84 pilot who had been on maneuvers in the area was diverted to investigate. The pilot made visual confirmation of the object and began to approach, but when he was about 3 miles away it began to pull away and ascend even as the fighter tried to keep up, getting brighter as it did. Captain Edward J. Ruppelt former Director of Project Blue Book, would say of what happened next:

    There was always a limit as to how near the jet could get, however. The controller told me that it was just as if the UFO had some kind of an automatic warning radar linked to its power supply. When something got too close to it, it would automatically pick up speed and pull away. The separation distance always remained about 3 miles. The chase continued on north out of sight of the lights of Rapid City and the base – into some very black night. When the UFO and the F-84 got about 120 miles to the north, the pilot checked his fuel; he had to come back. And when I talked to him, be said he was damn glad that he was running out of fuel because being out over some mighty desolate country alone with a UFO can cause some worry.

    Both the UFO and the F-84 had gone off the scope, but in a few minutes the jet was back on, heading for home. Then 10 or 15 miles behind it was the UFO target also coming back. While the UFO and the F-84 were returning to the base – the F-84 was planning to land – the controller received a call from the jet interceptor squadron on the base. The alert pilots at the squadron had heard the conversations on their radio and didn’t believe it. “Who’s nuts up there?” was the comment that passed over the wire from the pilots to the radar people. There was an F-84 on the line ready to scramble, the man on the phone said, and one of the pilots, a World War II and Korean veteran, wanted to go up and see a flying saucer. The controller said, “OK, go.”

    After the second plane was in the sky the mysterious light proved to be very evasive and elusive, foiling all attempts to get near it, climbing, diving, and generally maneuvering in a way that was well beyond the capabilities of the fighter. Ruppelt would explain of this cat and mouse chase:

    In a minute or two the F-84 was airborne and the controller was working him toward the light. The pilot saw it right away and closed in. Again, the light began to climb out, this time more toward the northeast. The pilot also began to climb, and before long the light, which at first had been about 30 degrees above his horizontal line of sight, was now below him. He nosed the ’84 down to pick up speed, but it was the same old story – as soon as he’d get within 3 miles of the UFO, it would put on a burst of speed and stay out ahead.

    Even though the pilot could see the light and hear the ground controller telling him that he was above it, and alternately gaining on it or dropping back, he still couldn’t believe it – there must be a simple explanation He turned off all of his lights – it wasn’t a reflection from any of the airplane’s lights because there it was. A reflection from a ground light, maybe. He rolled the airplane – the position of the light didn’t change. A star – he picked out three bright stars near the light and watched carefully. The UFO moved in relation to the three stars. Well, he thought to himself, if it’s a real object out there, my radar should pick it up too; so he flipped on his radar-ranging gunsight. In a few seconds the red light on his sight blinked on – something real and solid was in front of him. Then he was scared. When I talked to him, he readily admitted that he’d been scared. He’d met MD 109’s, FW 190’s and ME 262’s over Germany and he’d met MIG-15’s over Korea but the large, bright, bluish-white light had him scared – he asked the controller if he could break off the intercept. This time the light didn’t come back.

    Ruppelt claims that every aspect of the case was subsequently looked into, but no rational explanation was every found, leaving it to be filed as “unknown.” A similar aerial chase occurred in August of 1956, this time in the region of Bentwaters AFB, in the UK. On the evening of August 13, several radar operators at two military bases in the east of England, one of these being Bentwaters, picked up multiple anomalous objects that moved very rapidly and performed inexplicable maneuvers. These objects were showing some very strange behavior, and seemed to converge on one very large object described as “several times larger than a B-36 aircraft,” which then continued to fly out over the countryside at a speed of around over 12,000 mph. Other objects were picked up as well, all of them moving at speeds of between 4,000 and 6,000 mph. These objects were also visually confirmed by a C-47 twin-engine military transport plane over Bentwaters, which reported that “a bright light streaked under my aircraft travelling east to west at terrific speed.” It was all enough to scramble a deHavilland Venom jet interceptor, which streaked off to investigate, and a later report filed by a Captain Edward L. Holt would say of what happened next:

    Pilot advised he had a bright white light in sight and would investigate. At 13 miles [20 km.] west he reported loss of target and white light. Lakenheath radar vectored him to a target 10 miles [16 km.] east of Lakenheath and pilot advised that target was on his radar and was ‘locking on.’ Pilot then reported he had lost target on his radar. Lakenheath GCA reports that as the Venom passed the target on radar, the target began a tail chase of the friendly fighter. Radar requested pilot acknowledge this chase. Pilot acknowledged and stated he would try to circle and get behind the target. Pilot advised he was unable to ‘shake’ the target off his tail and requested assistance. One additional Venom was scrambled from RAF station. Original pilot stated: ‘Clearest target I have ever seen on radar.

    The jets would lose the object and it has gone on to become a very puzzling case. It would be thoroughly investigated by The Condon Report, which was a Air Force-funded study at the University of Colorado under Dr. Edward U. Condon, the case remains unexplainable, and would conclude:

    The probability that anomalous propagation of radar signals may have been involved in this case seems to be small. One or two details are suggestive of AP, particularly the reported disappearance of the first track as the UFO appeared to overfly the Bentwaters GCA radar. Against this must be weighed the Lakenheath controller’s statement that there was “little or no traffic or targets on scope,” which is not at all suggestive of AP conditions, and the behavior of the target near Lakenheath – apparently continuous and easily tracked. The “tailing” of the RAF fighter, taken alone, seems to indicate a possible ghost image, but this does not jibe with the report that the UFO stopped following the fighter, as the latter was returning to its base, and went off in a different direction. The radar operators were apparently careful to calculate the speed of the UFO from distances and elapsed times, and the speeds were reported as consistent from run to run, between stationary episodes. This behavior would be somewhat consistent with reflections from moving atmospheric layers – but not in so many different directions.

    Visual mirage at Bentwaters seems to be out of the question because of the combined ground and airborne observations; the C47 pilot apparently saw the UFO below him. The visual objects do not seem to have been meteors; statements by the observers that meteors were numerous imply that they were able to differentiate the UFO from the meteors. In summary, this is the most puzzling and unusual case in the radar-visual files. The apparently rational, intelligent behavior of the UFO suggests a mechanical device of unknown origin as the most probable explanation of this sighting. However, in view of the inevitable fallibility of witnesses, more conventional explanations of this report cannot be entirely ruled out.

    What was going on here? It is hard to say. In our last case here, we have one more case from 1956, concerning a Navy R7V-2 transport, a 4-engine Constellation, that was flying west across the Atlantic Ocean at the time on its way from Newfoundland to the Naval Air Station at Patuxent, Maryland. The aircraft was under the leadership of the very experienced Commander George Benton, who had made more than 200 flights across the Atlantic, and flying under incredibly clear, ideal conditions at the time. Along for the ride were nine Naval personnel returning home from foreign duty, and along with Benton’s regular and relief crews there were nearly 30 airmen-pilots, navigators and flight engineers aboard, many of whom were asleep when things began to get strange.

    It started when Commander Benton noticed “a cluster of lights, like a village” on the sea ahead, which should have been completely dark. He verified this with his co-pilot, Lieutenant Peter W. Mooney, who also also saw the lights and said they looked “like a small town.” There was not supposed to be land there, so at first they thought that they had somehow gone off course, but a check of their navigation instruments showed that this wasn’t the case. They then thought that perhaps they were seeing a fleet of ships, but they didn’t look like ships, and a radio enquiry showed that there were no known such shipping operations scheduled in the area. As the aircraft approached, several colored rings appeared to spread out from the lights, and it appeared to get larger. They could now see that it was one massive object, 350 and 400 feet in diameter, apparently metallic, and it was hovering over the water below.

    As they all tried to make sense of what they were seeing, the object began to rise towards their plane. It was much larger than the aircraft, and moving at such a clip towards them that they took evasive action to avoid a collision. As they braced for impact, the enormous disk tilted and veered off, only to circle back around and pace them. It was then that they could get a clear look at it, and in a report on the incident made by Major Donald E. Keyhoe, of the National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP) he says of this:

    Its sheer bulk was amazing; its diameter was three to four times the Constellation’s wing span. At least thirty feet thick at the center, it was like a gigantic dish inverted on top of another. Seen at this distance, the glow along the rim was blurred and uneven. Whether it was an electrical effect, a series of jet exhausts or lights from opening in the rim, Benton could not tell. But the glow was bright enough to show the disc’s curving surface, giving a hint of dully reflecting metal. Though Benton saw no signs of life, he had a feeling they were being observed. Fighting an impulse to dive away, he held to a straight course. Gradually, the strange machine pulled ahead. Tilting its massive shape upward, it quickly accelerated and was lost against the stars.

    The men would subsequently be interrogated and debriefed, with the Air Force apparently keenly interested in what they had seen but refusing to answer any questions by the crew as to what was going on. It was then sort of just brushed under the carpet. Then, a week later, there would be a new and rather strange development, of which Keyhoe would say:

    Five days later, Commander Benton had a phone call from a scientist in a high government agency. “I’m informed you had a close-up UFO sighting. I’d like to see you.” Benton checked, found the man was cleared by the Navy. Next day, the scientist appeared, showed his credential, listened intently to Benton’s report. Then he unlocked a dispatch case and took out some photographs. “Was it like any of these?” At the third picture, Benton stopped him. “That’s it!” He looked sharply at the scientist. “Somebody must know the answers, if you’ve got photographs of the things.” The other man took the pictures. “I’m sorry, Commander.” He closed his dispatch case and left. At the time when I learned of this case, I had served for two years as Director of the National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena.

    These are just but a few of the pilot reports from the era, and they paint a rather amazing picture. These are reports that come from very trained witnesses, with the phenomena viewed by multiple people and often with radar corroboration and reports from the ground. What are we to make of such reports? Just what is going on here and can it so readily be written off? Why were so many of these reports buried by their superiors in order to fade away into the background? This is also just one era, a few reports in one decade, but such accounts expand well beyond this, right up into the present day. It is all a very sobering look at a phenomenon we barely understand, and which seems to be relegated by those in control to the shadows. Whatever truth there is to any of this, and what it all means, looks likely to remain hidden from us for some time to come.

    https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

    13-08-2021 om 18:50 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:UFOs , UAPs , USOS
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Evidence of the Largest Asteroid Impact Witnessed by Modern Humans

    Evidence of the Largest Asteroid Impact Witnessed by Modern Humans

    Scientists in the Chinese province of Heilongjiang have located a crater from what they believe was the largest asteroid impact to have hit our planet in the last 100,000 years. The speed as well as the way it impacted the planet would have been catastrophic to anyone living near the impact zone – it could very well have been the most powerful asteroid impact witnessed by modern humans.

    Described as being “impossibly deep”, the crater was found in Yilan County close to Harbin and was believed to have been made by an asteroid that hit Earth approximately 49,000 years ago. The crater is 1.85 kilometers wide (1.1 miles) and 579 meters deep (1,900 feet deep). Professor Chen Ming from the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, stated, “Yilan is the most deeply formed crater we have ever seen.”

    According to their calculations, experts believe that the asteroid would have been about 100 meters in width (328 feet). While it was much smaller than the 10-to-15-kilometer-wide asteroid that wiped out the dinosaurs, this impact would have caused a lot of destruction as it was traveling at a much faster speed and it came down vertically.

    The blast from the impact would have been between 500 and 2,000 times stronger than the atomic bomb that hit Hiroshima, Japan, in 1945. Everything within a 10 kilometer radius (6.2 miles) of the impact zone would have been devastated. Furthermore, the shock waves and heat caused by the impact would have been strong enough to melt granite and turn it into glass.

    Drill samples taken of rocks and tear-shaped shards of glass from the crater revealed that there was an asteroid impact many years ago, and the charcoal found there provided the researchers with a date of the event.

    Those living in the area would have been strongly affected by the blast as well as numerous animals (such as elephants) since the crater is next to a fertile plain caused by the Songhua River that humans and animals would have enjoyed. (An aerial view of the crater site can be seen here.)

    The Yilan crater in Heilongjiang province. Photo: Heilongjiang

    The Yilan crater in Heilongjiang province.

    Photo:Heilongjiang

    A picture of Professor Chen Ming at the Yilan crater drilling site. Photo: Handout

    A picture of Professor Chen Ming at the Yilan crater drilling site.

    Photo: Handout

    The study was published in the journal Meteoritics & Planetary Science where it can be read in full.

    https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

    13-08-2021 om 18:35 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ARCHEOLOGIE ( E, Nl, Fr )
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Why the “Serpo” UFO Files are NOT Real: Try Russians and Ruses

    Why the “Serpo” UFO Files are NOT Real: Try Russians and Ruses | Mysterious Universe

    Why the “Serpo” UFO Files are NOT Real: Try Russians and Ruses

    I recently wrote a few articles on how, during the Cold War, the Russians tried to manipulate U.S. intelligence agencies by using the UFO phenomenon. But, what about the U.K.? Has it been manipulated in strange, similar ways by the Russians? The answer is: Yes. There’s no doubt about it. Welcome to the Serpo mystery. If you don’t know about Serpo, well, it goes like this: in May 1987 a woman named Alice Bradley Sheldon – an employee of the CIA who wrote sci-fi under the alias of James Tiptree – took her life. Her husband’s life, too. Sheldon is believed to have created a faked UFO document – to freak out the Russians – in the 1960s called the Serpo document. It tells a story that mirrors certain portions of the 1977 movie, Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Specifically, the final stages of the movie in which Richard Dreyfuss’ character of Roy Neary is taken away by aliens. To understand how and why the Brits – alongside their American counterparts – secretly decided to make use of the UFO phenomenon in the late 1960s, and for reasons relative to counterintelligence, disinformation programs, and Russian destabilization, we have to begin with a sensational saga that surfaced in November 2005. That was when a source using the term “Anonymous” came out of the shadows and told an incredible story. Some said it was too incredible to be true. It just might have been exactly that.

    Spielberg’s ‘Close Encounters of the Third Kind’ (1977).

    It’s a story surrounding what became known within Ufology as “The Serpo Documents.” As for “Anonymous, he or she was said to have been a government insider with a wealth of information on some of the biggest UFO-themed secrets of all time. Here’s what “Anonymous” shared with the UFO research community on the Serpo controversy: “I am a retired employee of the U.S. Government. I won’t go into any great details about my past, but I was involved in a special program. As for Roswell, it occurred, but not like the story books tell. There were two crash sites: one southwest of Corona, New Mexico and the second site at Pelona Peak, south of Datil, New Mexico. The crash involved two extraterrestrial aircraft. The Corona site was found a day later by an archaeological team. This team reported the crash site to the Lincoln County Sheriff’s department. A deputy arrived the next day and summoned a state police officer. One live entity was found hiding behind a rock. The entity was given water but declined food. The entity was later transferred to Los Alamos. The information eventually went to Roswell Army Air Field. The site was examined and all evidence was removed. The bodies were taken to Los Alamos National Laboratory because they had a freezing system that allowed the bodies to remain frozen for research. The craft was taken to Roswell and then onto Wright Field, Ohio.”

    The source continued: “The second site was not discovered until August 1949 by two ranchers. They reported their findings several days later to the sheriff of Catron County, New Mexico. Because of the remote location, it took the sheriff several days to make his way to the crash site. Once at the site, the sheriff took photographs and then drove back to Datil. Sandia Army Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico was then notified. A recovery team from Sandia took custody of all evidence, including six bodies. The bodies were taken to Sandia Base, but later transferred to Los Alamos. The live entity established communications with us and provided us with a location of his home planet. The entity remained alive until 1952, when he died. But before his death, he provided us with a full explanation of the items found inside the two crafts. One item was a communication device. The entity was allowed to make contact with his planet.” From thereon, the story expanded significantly: supposedly a number of American astronauts were sent to the planet of the aliens, no less.”

    The highly talkative English informant, who worked at the U.K. Ministry of Defense, said the following of the statement from “Anonymous”: “Interesting reading. However, these are NOT real events that are being described here, although the document they come from IS REAL. I saw this information in 1969 or ’70 in Whitehall [London]. Originally it was a CIA document authored by a lady named Alice Bradley Sheldon. Its main purpose, if you will pardon the phrase, was to ‘scare the crap out of the Soviets’ in response to them scaring the crap out of us. In the ’60s, during the warmer part of the Cold War, the KGB successfully led the U.S. Government to believe that a number of nuclear devices had been concealed in disused mines and caves close to four (4) large American cities. These bombs could be detonated by sleeper agents at any time Moscow wished. It was not completely disproved that this was fake until 1980.”

    There’s this, too, from the source: “The ‘Project SERPO’ report was part of the CIA’s riposte to this and an attempt to trump the Soviets. Its aim was to make them believe that we had acquired lethal extraterrestrial energy devices and that we had a cozy friendship with these all-powerful EBENs [EBEN is allegedly a classified term used by American Intelligence to describe aliens. It is said to derive from the term ‘Extraterrestrial Biological Entity’] who would be very unhappy if Moscow attempted to harm the United States in any way. To a degree I believe this effort was effective to begin with. However, it came unstuck when the CIA tried to overreach the information by ADDING PHOTOGRAPHS and also trying to spook allies such as ourselves who were better equipped to analyze the information and bugged to the hilt by the KGB. Why this information is being released again now I do not know. Possibly in the past the DIA could have BEEN FOOLED BY THE CIA into believing that ‘Project SERPO’was a real event and the ANONYMOUS source may genuinely want to release this information. Alternatively the DIA may have got it direct from the KGB most likely with a few choice modifications added by them.”

    To me, all of this sounds entirely plausible. After all, what’s more likely, that decades ago aliens from their world came to our planet (and vice-versa) or that the whole thing was nothing but a made-up yarn to mess with the minds of Russian Intelligence? People in Ufology who thrive on the Serpo story may not like to hear my views on all of this, but the fact is that, in this story, the simplest scenario is probably the correct one. And, maybe one day, we’ll know more about how and why the U.K. Ministry of Defense were caught up in all of this.

    RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by pieter2011

    https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

    13-08-2021 om 17:43 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:MYSTERIES ( Fr, Nl, E)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Observatories Assemble: NASA’s Juno Spacecraft Joins Japan’s Hisaki Satellite and W. M. Keck Observatory to Solve “Energy Crisis” on Jupiter

    Observatories Assemble: NASA’s Juno Spacecraft Joins Japan’s Hisaki Satellite and W. M. Keck Observatory to Solve “Energy Crisis” on Jupiter

    Sitting more than five times the distance from the Sun as Earth, Jupiter is not expected to be particularly warm. Based on the amount of sunlight received, the average temperature in the planet’s upper atmosphere should be about minus 100 degrees Fahrenheit or a chilly minus 73 Celsius. Instead, the measured value soars to around 800 degrees Fahrenheit or 426 Celsius. The source of this extra heat has remained elusive for 50 years, causing scientists to refer to the discrepancy as an “energy crisis” for the planet.

    Recently an international team assembled observations from a trio of observatories -- NASA’s Juno spacecraft, the Hisaki satellite from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and Keck Observatory on Maunakea in Hawaiʻi. -- to discover the likely source of Jupiter’s thermal boost.

    “We found that Jupiter’s intense aurora, the most powerful in the solar system, is responsible for heating the entire planet’s upper atmosphere to surprisingly high temperatures,” said James O’Donoghue of the JAXA Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Japan. O’Donoghue began the research while at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland and is lead author of a paper about this research appearing in Nature August 4.

    Jupiter is first shown in visible light for context before an artistic impression of the Jovian upper atmosphere's infrared glow is overlain. The brightness of this upper atmosphere layer corresponds to temperatures, from hot to cold, in this order: white, yellow, bright red and lastly, dark red. The aurorae are the hottest regions and the animation shows how heat may be carried by winds away from the aurora and cause planet-wide heating. At the end, real data is added with a temperature scale, indicating the observed global temperatures measured in the study.
    Credits: J. O'Donoghue (JAXA)/Hubble/NASA/ESA/A. Simon/J. Schmidt

    Auroras occur when electrically charged particles are caught in a planet’s magnetic field. These spiral along invisible lines of force in the magnetic field towards the planet’s magnetic poles, striking atoms and molecules in the atmosphere to release light and energy. On Earth, this leads to the colorful light show that forms the aurora Borealis and Australis, also known as the northern and southern lights. At Jupiter, material erupting from its volcanic moon, Io, leads to the most powerful aurora in the Solar System and enormous heating in upper atmosphere over the polar regions of the planet.

    Image of aurora heating Jupiter's upper atmosphere

    Jupiter is shown in visible light for context underneath an artistic impression of the Jovian upper atmosphere's infrared glow. The brightness of this upper atmosphere layer corresponds to temperatures, from hot to cold, in this order: white, yellow, bright red and lastly, dark red. The aurorae are the hottest regions and the image shows how heat may be carried by winds away from the aurora and cause planet-wide heating.
    Credits: J. O'Donoghue (JAXA)/Hubble/NASA/ESA/A. Simon/J. Schmidt

    The idea that the aurora could be the source of Jupiter’s mysterious energy had been proposed previously but observations have been unable to confirm or deny this until now.

    Global models of Jupiter’s upper atmosphere suggested that winds heated by the aurora and headed to the equator would be overwhelmed and redirected by westward winds driven by the planet’s rapid rotation. This would prevent the auroral energy from escaping the polar regions and heating the whole atmosphere. However, this new observational result suggests that such trapping is not occurring, and that the westward winds may be relatively weaker than expected compared with equatorward winds.

    High-resolution temperature maps from Keck II, combined with magnetic field data from Hisaki and Juno, allowed the team to catch the aurora in the act of sending what appears to be a pulse of heat toward Jupiter’s equator.

    The team observed Jupiter with the Keck II telescope for five hours on two separate nights in April 2016 and January 2017. Using the Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIRSPEC) on Keck II, heat from electrically charged hydrogen molecules (H3+ ions) in Jupiter’s atmosphere was traced from the planet’s poles down to the equator.

    Previous maps of the upper atmospheric temperature were formed using images consisting of only several pixels. That’s not enough resolution to see how the temperature might be changing across the planet, providing few clues as to the origin of the extra heat. To improve the situation, the team utilized the power of Keck II to take many more temperature measurements across the face of the planet and only included measurements with uncertainty in the recorded value of less than five percent. This took years of careful work and yielded temperature maps with over ten thousand individual data points, the highest resolution to date.

    Instead of high temperatures only in the polar regions near the aurora, which would be expected if the heat was trapped there, these detailed maps showed that the heat in the upper atmosphere was more widely distributed, with a gradual decrease in temperature closer to the equator.

    “We also revealed a strange localized region of heating well away from the aurora - a long bar of heating unlike anything we've seen before,” said Tom Stallard, a co-author of the paper at the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom. “Though we can't be sure what this feature is, I am convinced it’s a rolling wave of heat flowing equatorward from the aurora.”

    Additionally, observations from JAXA’s Hisaki satellite showed that conditions at the time of the Keck II temperature observations could generate a strong aurora on Jupiter. From orbit around Earth, Hisaki has observed the aurora-generating magnetic field around Jupiter since the mission’s launch in 2013. This long-term monitoring has revealed that Jupiter’s magnetic field is strongly influenced by the solar wind; a stream of high-energy particles that emanates from the Sun. The solar wind carries its own magnetic field and when this meets Jupiter’s planetary field, the latter is compressed. At the time of the Keck II observations, Hisaki showed that pressure from the solar wind was particularly high at Jupiter and the field compression is likely to have created an enhanced aurora.Finally, observations from Juno in orbit around Jupiter provided the precise location of the aurora on the planet. “Juno’s magnetic field data provided us with a ‘ground truth’ as to where the aurora was: this information isn't readily available from heat maps, as heat leaks away in many directions,” said O’Donoghue. “Picture this like a beach: if the hot atmosphere is water, the magnetic field mapped by Juno is shoreline, and the aurora is ocean, we found that water left the ocean and flooded the land, and Juno revealed where that shoreline was to help us understand the degree of flooding.”

    Conceptual image of auroral heating and magnetic field at Jupiter

    Jupiter is shown in visible light for context with an artistic impression of the Jovian upper atmosphere's infrared glow overlain, along with magnetic field lines (blue lines). The aurorae are the hottest regions and the image shows how heat may be carried by winds away from the aurora and cause planet-wide heating.
    Credits: J. O'Donoghue (JAXA)/Hubble/NASA/ESA/A. Simon/J. Schmidt

    "It was pure luck that we captured this potential heat-shedding event,” adds O’Donoghue. “If we’d observed Jupiter on a different night, when the solar wind pressure had not recently been high, we would have missed it!”

    More about the observatories and partners:

    The research was funded by NASA through the Solar System Observations Program and the Solar System Workings Program as well as JAXA’s International Top Young Fellowship program. Juno is part of NASA's New Frontiers Program, which is managed at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, for the agency's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages the Juno mission for the principal investigator, Scott Bolton, of the Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas. NASA Goddard built and runs Juno’s magnetometer instrument. The W. M. Keck Observatory is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and NASA. The Observatory was made possible by the financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community; the authors are fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain.

    Juno joins Japan's Hisaki satellite and Keck Observatory to solve

    https://www.nasa.gov/ }

    13-08-2021 om 17:16 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Mysterious Heat on Jupiter May Finally Be Solved After 50 Years

    Mysterious Heat on Jupiter May Finally Be Solved After 50 Years | Mysterious Universe

    Mysterious Heat on Jupiter May Finally Be Solved After 50 Years

    After baffling scientists for 50 long years, the mystery of what’s causing Jupiter’s heat may finally be solved. The mysterious “energy crisis” on our Solar System’s largest planet is believed to be caused by auroras.

    Since Jupiter is so far from our sun, experts were baffled as to why it is so hot. In fact, it is 5.2 astronomical units away from the sun, meaning that it is 5.2 times the distance that Earth is from the sun. Based on its location, the temperature in the Gas Giant’s upper atmosphere should be around -100 degrees Fahrenheit (-73 degrees Celsius); however, it is a whopping 800 degrees Fahrenheit (427 degrees Celsius). To put this into better perspective, the average surface temperature on Venus is 847 degrees Fahrenheit (453 degrees Celsius) – slightly hotter than Jupiter.

    Image taken in 2016 by NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope.

    As for what is causing Jupiter to remain so hot, astronomers believe that the powerful magnetic field causes strong auroras which ultimately heats up the planet. When a magnetic field is strong, it sends electrically charged particles towards the poles that cause them to hit molecules and atoms in the atmosphere that create beautiful lights. And Jupiter has a very strong magnetic field (much more powerful than Earth’s). The volcanic eruptions on Jupiter’s moon Io sends a lot of particles into the planet’s atmosphere. Furthermore, the size of the Gas Giant and its powerful winds are contributing factors in how the heat moves throughout the planet.

    The astronomers came to this conclusion by analyzing data collected by NASA’s Juno spacecraft, JAXA’s (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) Hisaki satellite, and the Keck II telescope. They watched how an aurora sent a pulse of heat towards the planet’s equator as James O’Donoghue, who is a planetary space scientist at JAXA’s Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, noted in a statement provided by the Keck Observatory, “It was pure luck that we captured this potential heat-shedding event,” adding, “If we’d observed Jupiter on a different night, when the solar wind pressure had not recently been high, we would have missed it.”

    By using a near-infrared spectrograph, Keck performed two observations (April of 2016 and January of 2017) that showed how electrically charged hydrogen molecules traveled from the poles to the equator. Keck II then measured the temperatures. (An artist’s impression of Jupiter’s upper atmosphere infrared glow can be seen here.)

    They even found something else that surprised them, “We also revealed a strange, localized region of heating well away from the aurora — a long bar of heating unlike anything we’ve seen before,” explained Tom Stallard from the University of Leicester, “Though we can’t be sure what this feature is, I am convinced it’s a rolling wave of heat flowing equatorward from the aurora.”

    The study was published in Nature where it can be read in full.

    Jupiter is first shown in visible light for context before an artistic impression of the Jovian upper atmosphere's infrared glow is overlain. The brightness of this upper atmosphere layer corresponds to temperatures, from hot to cold, in this order: white, yellow, bright red and lastly, dark red. The aurorae are the hottest regions and the animation shows how heat may be carried by winds away from the aurora and cause planet-wide heating. At the end, real data is added with a temperature scale, indicating the observed global temperatures measured in the study.
    Credits: J. O'Donoghue (JAXA)/Hubble/NASA/ESA/A. Simon/J. Schmidt

    Image of aurora heating Jupiter's upper atmosphere

    Jupiter is shown in visible light for context underneath an artistic impression of the Jovian upper atmosphere's infrared glow. The brightness of this upper atmosphere layer corresponds to temperatures, from hot to cold, in this order: white, yellow, bright red and lastly, dark red. The aurorae are the hottest regions and the image shows how heat may be carried by winds away from the aurora and cause planet-wide heating.
    Credits: J. O'Donoghue (JAXA)/Hubble/NASA/ESA/A. Simon/J. Schmidt

    https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

    13-08-2021 om 17:02 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.The truth is out there!

    An image of suspected UFOs taken over Ireland.

    The truth is out there!

    A cow believed to have been mutilated by extraterrestrials

    A pair of UFO enthusiasts are looking to make contact with a woman who told her story on national radio earlier this year about a mysterious sighting that appeared over Cavan Town more than three decades ago.

    Carl Nally and Dermot Butler have co-authored a number of hugely popular books on phenomena such as ‘Unidentified Flying Objects’. They include Conspiracy of Silence, States of Denial, Circle of Deceit - with two more compendium type novels in the offing.

    The caller, who spoke on Joe Duffy’s ‘Liveline’ on RTE Radio One said she had seen a “large object” over Cavan Town in August 1987 and the pair are interested in speaking with any other witnesses to the alleged sighting.

    “It was Dermot who heard it and we found we hadn’t got information about that on our files, so we’re very interested in finding anything more about the sighting. We can then compare it with other sightings of the same type of craft, or others seen in the area,” explains Mr Nally.

    According to data compiled by online resource ‘Psychic World’ earlier this year, Ireland tops the list for the most UFO sightings in Europe with 105, followed by France and Spain. It’s stated that each visit over the Emerald Isle lasts on average 13 minutes, with the majority of the sightings described as being inexplicable bright lights.

    The US-based National UFO Reporting Center, meanwhile, records in detail personal accounts, dates and locations, the most recent occurring in Doolin, Co Clare, on May 30 last; and the closest to Cavan being in Mullingar on April 5 where the night before circles were observed in the sky over the Westmeath town for around eight minutes.

    Neighbouring Co Meath has several more dating back over a number of years. Among the most interesting was a sighting in the early hours of August 6, 2019, when a person reported seeking a “blue” light “scanning skies with 3D lazers”, which lasted for around 10 mins.

    In 2012 a person posted reporting an orange-coloured light cluster in formation, which when shared on social media, was similarly sighted in Navan, Kells and Oldcastle.

    Elsewhere that same year in a separate resource there are records of three separate sightings of a UFO over Shantemon Mountain near Castletara.

    Before that, on September 30, 1996, a slow-moving object was observed for around half an hour, moving east to west over Carrickmacross before retracing its path again in a way that dispelled suggestions it could be a plane.

    Then again in Kells, on August 15, 1977, strange lights and shapes were spotted high above for several hours. At one point, an observer reported seeing a large triangular craft, with a multi-coloured light trail, fly past at high speed.

    The region of course has a rich heritage in exploring, and indeed welcoming, paranormal activity, where the late Desmond Leslie of Castle Leslie, Glaslough, was celebrated in such circles for his studies as a ‘ufologist’.

    UFO landing strip

    A former British pilot amongst other titles earned, he was one of the first proponents of flying saucers and UFOs, co-writing with George Adamaski the bestselling ‘Flying Saucers have Landed’, a book later translated into more than 50 languages. He is also famously said to have approached Monaghan County Council about the prospect of building a UFO landing strip within the grounds of the historic Leslie estate.

    “[Mr Leslie] was a wonderful man, a great mind on the subject, and we wrote to him and had arranged to meet prior to his death. Certainly he was a strong believer, and was said to have experienced strange lights and extraterrestrial behaviour in the area,” says Mr Nally, who first became interested in UFOlogy at the age of 16 years when he witnessed circular objects travel at altitude and, without stopping, veer at right angles before heading west.

    “There were about 20 of them, and I was fascinated by this because any manoeuvre like that would kill a terrestrial pilot. There is no way they could stop and move at those angles and that speed,” he surmised.

    Public interest in UFOs has again been piqued following the recent publication of the Pentagon’s preliminary assessment after reviewing 144 unidentified observations made by military aviators between 2004 and 2021.

    Of the reports examined, the task force could only determine an explanation for one - a deflated balloon. The rest remain unexplained.

    While Mr Nally says there appears to be “no rhyme or reason” as to where UFO sightings might occur, he actively encourages people who do encounter such experiences to consider as much detail as possible before passing it on to people like him who have spent a life time investigating such matters.

    “Navan, Cavan, Kells, we’ve had people report seeing something hovering over fields before shooting off at speed, or lights leaping from one field to another and then the UFO will fly off.

    “What’s important for us is to be able to put two sightings together, and match that with as many witness accounts as possible.”

    Incidents of animal mutilations is another subject Carl and Dermot are very keen to explore further.

    “Bodies across the world deny it but we know it’s happening, animals being found with organs cauterised. Examinations carried out in the UK show in some incidents sexual organs cored out with lazer equipment, and most of the animals are drained completely of blood. No one can explain that. To say it’s scavengers, grey crows, is complete rubbish. The truth will come out sometime.”

    RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

    https://www.anglocelt.ie/ }

    13-08-2021 om 16:39 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:LATEST ( UFO ) VIDEO NEWS ( ENG)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.The USO phenomenon in 1975

    The USO phenomenon in 1975

    Amazing how much was known about the USO (unidentified submerged object) phenomenon in 1975.

    RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

    https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

    13-08-2021 om 16:01 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:UFOs , UAPs , USOS
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Major Milestone for NASA’s Revolutionary Roman Space Telescope

    Major Milestone for NASA’s Revolutionary Roman Space Telescope

    Roman Space Telescope

    NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope.

    Credit: NASA

    The Space Telescope Science Institute Will Host Roman’s Science Operations Center and Data Archive

    NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope has just successfully completed the critical design review of the mission’s ground systems, which are spread over multiple institutions including the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland; NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; and Caltech/IPAC in Pasadena, California. STScI will host the Science Operations Center while Goddard will provide the Mission Operations Center and Caltech/IPAC will house the Science Support Center. The passing of the critical design review means the plan for science operations has met all of the design, schedule, and budget requirements. The mission will now proceed to the next phase: building and testing the newly designed systems that will enable planning and scheduling of Roman observations and managing the resulting data, which will amount to over 20 petabytes (20,000,000 GB) within the first five years of operations.

    Illustration of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, named after NASA’s first Chief of Astronomy.

    Credit: NASA

    When it launches in the mid-2020s, NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will revolutionize astronomy by building on the science discoveries and technological leaps of the Hubble, Spitzer, and Webb space telescopes. The mission’s wide field of view and superb resolution will enable scientists to conduct sweeping cosmic surveys, yielding a wealth of information about celestial realms from our solar system to the edge of the observable universe.

    On July 23rd, the Roman Space Telescope successfully completed the critical design review of the mission’s ground systems, which are spread over multiple institutions including the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, Maryland; NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; and Caltech/IPAC in Pasadena, California. STScI will host the Science Operations Center (SOC) while Goddard will provide the Mission Operations Center and Caltech/IPAC will house the Science Support Center. The passing of the critical design review means the plan for science operations provides all the necessary data processing and archiving capabilities. The mission will now proceed to the next phase: building and testing the newly designed systems that will enable planning and scheduling of Roman observations and managing the resulting data, anticipated to be over 20 petabytes (20,000,000 GB) within the first five years of operations.

    “At STScI, we are really excited about the opportunities for discovery that Roman will bring. All areas of astrophysics will benefit,” said STScI deputy director Nancy Levenson. “We are developing novel tools and new ways of working so the global research community can make best use of the advanced capabilities of this survey-oriented, ‘big data’ space mission.”

    “A lot of work is required to reach this stage in any space mission, and our team faced the added challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic. The successful completion of the critical design review is a testament to all of their efforts,” said Cristina Oliveira, SOC deputy head at STScI.

    In its role as Science Operations Center, STScI will plan, schedule, and carry out observations, process and archive mission datasets, and engage and inform the astronomical community and the public. STScI will collaborate closely with NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, which manages the mission and will host the Mission Operations Center (MOC). The MOC is responsible for overall spacecraft operations and overseeing the data transmitted between the spacecraft and the ground. The collaboration also includes Caltech/IPAC, home of the Roman Science Support Center (SSC), which works with the other ground system elements to achieve the scientific and operational goals of Roman.  

    The Science Support Center at Caltech/IPAC is tasked with issuing calls for Roman proposals to the general science community and managing the proposal process. It will also lead the Coronagraph Instrument observation planning and data products, and provide a data analysis environment for the instrument and community team. In addition, it is responsible for community outreach for both exoplanet science and science enabled by spectroscopic observations. The SSC is also developing and operating science data pipelines to process data from the Wide Field Instrument spectroscopic modes and for exoplanet microlensing science.

    Goddard is developing the Wide Field Instrument to perform the major science surveys, and NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory is developing the Coronagraph Instrument to perform exoplanet direct imaging observations.

    Expanding Our View

    Roman will be able to capture an area over 100 times larger than Hubble in a single snapshot. This will give it the unique ability to do wide-field surveys at space-based resolution, which will be the observatory’s primary operating mode.

    “Unlike Hubble and Webb, Roman is a survey mission first and foremost,” explained acting SOC mission scientist John MacKenty of STScI. “Our role is to help gather input from the astronomical community, make those surveys ready for the community to do science, and give the community the tools they need to do their research.”

    Roman’s surveys will generate mountains of data, creating new challenges for scientists seeking to analyze those data. As a result, STScI is spearheading the use of cloud-based computing for Roman data processing.

    “Instead of sending the data to the astronomer, we’re bringing the astronomer to the data,” said SOC mission systems engineer Chris Hanley of STScI.

    All of the data collected by the Roman Space Telescope will be accessible via the Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at STScI. Those data will be publicly available within days of the observations – a first for a NASA astrophysics flagship mission. Since scientists everywhere will have rapid access to the data, they will be able to quickly discover and follow up on short-lived phenomena, such as supernova explosions.

    The Science of the Roman Space Telescope

    Roman will enable new science in all areas of astrophysics. It can search for dwarf planets, comets, and asteroids in our solar system. It will image stars throughout our own galaxy to measure its structure and investigate its formation history. It will also survey the birthplaces of stars, giant nurseries of gas and dust which Roman’s large field of view will be able to fully image at high resolution for the first time.

    By staring deeply at wide swaths of apparently blank sections of sky, Roman will image an unprecedented number of galaxies with high resolution. Roman will map the distribution of dark matter within large clusters of galaxies and discover thousands of galaxies at very high redshifts, which will provide the tools to study how galaxies change over cosmic time.

    Roman’s surveys will deliver new insights into the history and structure of the universe, including the mysterious “dark energy” that is making space itself expand faster and faster. This powerful new observatory will also build on the broad foundation of work begun with Hubble and other observatories like Kepler/K2 and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) on planets outside our solar system. It will discover thousands of exoplanets using its wide-field camera. Its Coronagraph Instrument will conduct a technology demonstration and, depending on its performance, may provide studies of the atmospheres of giant gaseous planets orbiting other stars.

    The Space Telescope Science Institute is expanding the frontiers of space astronomy by hosting the science operations center of the Hubble Space Telescope, the science and mission operations centers for the James Webb Space Telescope, and the science operations center for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. STScI also houses the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) which is a NASA-funded project to support and provide to the astronomical community a variety of astronomical data archives, and is the data repository for the Hubble, Webb, Roman, Kepler, K2, TESS missions, and more. STScI is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy in Washington, D.C.

    The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope is managed at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, with participation by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Caltech/IPAC in Southern California, the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, and a science team comprising scientists from various research institutions. The primary industrial partners are Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corporation in Boulder, Colorado; L3Harris Technologies in Melbourne, Florida; and Teledyne Scientific & Imaging in Thousand Oaks, California.

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      James Kelly, SciTechDaily, 2018
    5. Hubble and Spitzer Identify the Atmosphere of Mid-Size Planet
      James Kelly, SciTechDaily, 2019
    6. Adam D. Cohen, Science
    7. Robert Irion, Science, 2003
    8. Adam Mann, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2015
    9. David J Harris, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2015
    10. Cardiology Advisor, 2020

    RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

    https://scitechdaily.com/ }

    13-08-2021 om 00:11 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    12-08-2021
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Are You Ready for Benevolent Artificial Intelligence

    Are You Ready for Benevolent Artificial Intelligence

    Picture yourself driving on a narrow road in the near future when suddenly another car emerges from a bend ahead. It is a self-driving car with no passengers inside. Will you push forth and assert your right of way, or give way to let it pass? At present, most of us behave kindly in such situations involving other humans. Will we show that same kindness towards autonomous vehicles?

    Using methods from behavioural game theory, an international team of researchers at LMU Munich and the University of London have conducted large-scale online studies to see whether people would behave as cooperatively with artificial intelligence (AI) systems as they do with fellow humans.

    Cooperation holds a society together. It often requires us to compromise with others and to accept the risk that they let us down. Traffic is a good example. We lose a bit of time when we let other people pass in front of us and are outraged when others fail to reciprocate our kindness. Will we do the same with machines?

    The study which is published in the journal iScience found that, upon first encounter, people have the same level of trust toward AI as for human: most expect to meet someone who is ready to cooperate.The difference comes afterwards. People are much less ready to reciprocate with AI, and instead exploit its benevolence to their own benefit. Going back to the traffic example, a human driver would give way to another human but not to a self-driving car.The study identifies this unwillingness to compromise with machines as a new challenge to the future of human-AI interactions.

    Credit: Pixabay

    “We put people in the shoes of someone who interacts with an artificial agent for the first time, as it could happen on the road,” explains Jurgis Karpus, Ph.D., a behavioural game theorist and a philosopher at LMU Munich and the first author of the study. “We modelled different types of social encounters and found a consistent pattern. People expected artificial agents to be as cooperative as fellow humans. However, they did not return their benevolence as much and exploited the AI more than humans.”

    With perspectives from game theory, cognitive science, and philosophy, the researchers found that ‘algorithm exploitation’ is a robust phenomenon. They replicated their findings across nine experiments with nearly 2,000 human participants. Each experiment examines different kinds of social interactions and allows the human to decide whether to compromise and cooperate or act selfishly. Expectations of the other players were also measured. In a well-known game, the Prisoner’s Dilemma, people must trust that the other characters will not let them down. They embraced risk with humans and AI alike, but betrayed the trust of the AI much more often, to gain more money.

    “Cooperation is sustained by a mutual bet: I trust you will be kind to me, and you trust I will be kind to you. The biggest worry in our field is that people will not trust machines. But we show that they do!” notes Dr. Bahador Bahrami, a social neuroscientist at the LMU, and one of the senior researchers in the study. “They are fine with letting the machine down, though, and that is the big difference. People even do not report much guilt when they do,” he adds.

    Biased and unethical AI has made many headline — from the 2020 exams fiasco in the United Kingdom to justice systems — but this new research brings up a novel caution. The industry and legislators strive to ensure that artificial intelligence is benevolent. But benevolence may backfire. If people think that AI is programmed to be benevolent towards them, they will be less tempted to cooperate. Some of the accidents involving self-driving cars may already show real-life examples: drivers recognize an autonomous vehicle on the road, and expect it to give way. The self-driving vehicle meanwhile expects for normal compromises between drivers to hold.“

    Algorithm exploitation has further consequences down the line. “If humans are reluctant to let a polite self-driving car join from a side road, should the self-driving car be less polite and more aggressive in order to be useful?” asks Jurgis Karpus.

    “Benevolent and trustworthy AI is a buzzword that everyone is excited about. But fixing the AI is not the whole story. If we realize that the robot in front of us will be cooperative no matter what, we will use it to our selfish interest,” says Professor Ophelia Deroy, a philosopher and senior author on the study, who also works with Norway’s Peace Research Institute Oslo on the ethical implications of integrating autonomous robot soldiers along with human soldiers.

    “Compromises are the oil that make society work. For each of us, it looks only like a small act of self-interest. For society as a whole, it could have much bigger repercussions. If no one lets autonomous cars join the traffic, they will create their own traffic jams on the side, and not make transport easier”.

    Contacts and sources:

    • Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Publication:

    • Algorithm exploitation: humans are keen to exploit benevolent AI.
      Jurgis Karpus, Adrian Krüger, Julia Tovar Verba, Bahador Bahrami, Ophelia Deroy. iScience, 2021; 102679 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102679

    Source: 

    RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

    https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

    12-08-2021 om 23:59 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:SF-snufjes }, Robotics and A.I. Artificiel Intelligence ( E, F en NL )
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.12 Mysterious Events That Left Scientists Scratching Their Heads

    12 Mysterious Events That Left Scientists Scratching Their Heads

    People are accustomed to routine events. However, something strange occurring anywhere in the world evokes interest across the globe. You might be familiar with certain mysteries. So, let us introduce you to a few mysterious events that are bound to pique your interest. From the true story of a young boy going into coma and waking up to speak a language completely foreign to him to actual rivers on fire, we got it all. Some would be terrified to know that a star in the galaxy disappeared suddenly for which astronomers could not find any reason. These jaw dropping events will make you feel like a very small and helpless part of a divine plan.

    Here are the twelve most mind boggling, mysterious events that astonished everyone who found out about them.

    RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011


    https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

    12-08-2021 om 23:45 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:MYSTERIES ( Fr, Nl, E)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.August 10 612 BC: Nineveh, the Largest City in the World, Fell

    Assyrian soldiers carry beheaded heads of their prisoners as depicted on a wall in the South-West Palace at Nineveh, during the “First” Fall of Neneveh.          Source: Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin / CC BY-SA 4.0

    August 10 612 BC: Nineveh, the Largest City in the World, Fell

    On this day, 2,632 years ago, the ancient metropolis of Nineveh fell. “ ABC 3 ” is a historiographical text from ancient Babylonia which records August 10th 612 BC as the date of this dramatic occurrence. At that time, Nineveh was the largest city in the world and the capital of Assyria. This all came to an abrupt end when Nabopolassar, the Chaldean king of Babylonia and a central figure in the fall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, siezed Nineveh. This marked what historians know as one of the most shocking events in ancient history: The “First” Fall of Nineveh. The “second” Fall of Nineveh occurred in 2015 with more destruction by ISIS.

    The Discovery of Nineveh: A Unparalleled Archaeological Find

    Ancient Mesopotamia was a cradle of civilization in the northern part of western Asia’s Fertile Crescent, corresponding to modern Iraq, Kuwait, eastern Syria, southeastern Turkey and areas along the Turkish–Syrian and Iran–Iraq borders. In 1839, Paul-Émile Botta of France excavated a series of mounds in the Iraqi desert that led to the incredible discovery of Nineveh, the vast ancient Assyrian city of Upper Mesopotamia located on the outskirts of modern-day Mosul in northern Iraq.

    This discovery in mid-19th-century Europe was truly amazing, because it meant that at least one of the ancient cities and cultures mentioned in the Bible actually existed. This gave the Holy Bible a breath of newfound esteem at a time when scientists were demanding the empirical testing of supernatural claims, replacing time worn myths with logic and reason. The discovery of ancient Nineveh changed everything.

    Ancient Nineveh: A Royal City Envied Far And Wide 

    The Assyrian Empire started to become unstable after the death of King Aššurbanipal in 631 BC when the Babylonians ended their independence. Around 627 AD the Babylonian general Nabopolassar defeated the Assyrians in a battle near Babylon and became king, marking the beginning of the Babylonian Empire which lasted until Nineveh was captured by the Persian Cyrus the Great in October 539 AD.

    Assyrian military campaign in southern Mesopotamia, 640-620 BC, from an alabaster bas-relief located in the South-West Palace at Nineveh. (Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin / CC BY-SA 4.0)

    Assyrian military campaign in southern Mesopotamia, 640-620 BC, from an alabaster bas-relief located in the South-West Palace at Nineveh.

    (Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin / CC BY-SA 4.0 )

    Although he had liberated Babylonia, Nabopolassar also wanted destroy its capital cities including the religious center at Aššur, the first Assyrian city, and the administrative center at Nineveh. To prevent this, which would have caused a major shift of power in the Near East, the Egyptians offered military support to Assyria. The Fall of Nineveh Chronicle says that on 25 July 616 AD Nabopolassar defeated an Assyrian force on the banks of the Euphrates to the south of Harran. However, soon after he retreated when an Egyptian army closed on his forces. By at the end of the following year, the Medes, a tribal federation living in modern Iran, seized the moment, amidst all the unrest, and had took control of Nineveh.

    This image, taken in April 2017 during a UNESCO mission to Nineveh, which was heavily destroyed and excavated by ISIS in the "second" Fall of Nineveh in 2015.

    (UNESCO / CC BY-SA 3.0 )

    Nabopolassar tactfully signed a treaty with the Medes king Umakištar (Cyaxares). The Babylonian crown prince Nabû-kudurru-usur (Nebuchadnezzar) is said to have married Amytis, who many historians hold to have been the daughter of Cyaxares' son Astyages. The joint Medes-Babylonian army invaded Nineveh in May 612 AD the city finally fell in July. According to an article on Livius after the suicide of King Sin-šar-iškun, “the looting of Nineveh continued until 10 August, when the Medes finally went home,” and that the fall of Nineveh “shocked the ancient world.” From distant Greece, the poet Phocylides of Miletus reported of the destruction of this ancient city.

    ISIS soldiers in the Museum of Mosul destroying ancient Nineveh artifacts with sledgehammers in 2015. (Aljazeera / Screenshot)

    ISIS soldiers in the Museum of Mosul destroying ancient Nineveh artifacts with sledgehammers in 2015.

    (Aljazeera / Screenshot)

    2015: The “Second” Fall of Nineveh By ISIS Destruction

    While Nineveh fell for the first time over 2500 years ago, destruction of the ancient city continued in 2015 when a priceless Assyrian winged bull was demolished at the Nineveh site. An article in The Guardian discussing the destruction of cultural heritage in Iraq by the Islamic State militant group (ISIS) described the destruction as a war crime.” At the same time, the terrorist organization attempted to attract a sympathetic audience to gain new recruits in their homeland, while provoking reactions in the West.

    A 2015 Aljazeera video shows the destruction of several 7th century artifacts from Nineveh on February 26 2015, when ISIS publicly destroyed the Mosul Museum. Many other artifacts were stolen and put up for sale in foreign markets. However in 2019, the BBC announced that since Iraqi troops recaptured Mosul in 2017, part of the Mosul Museum has been restored and reopened to exhibit contemporary art, while the rest of the museum remains closed “to protect what is left,” said the museum director. If the first Fall of Nineveh was incredible, the second fall of Nineveh was both tragic and disturbing.

    • Top image: Assyrian soldiers carry beheaded heads of their prisoners as depicted on a wall in the South-West Palace at Nineveh, during the “First” Fall of Neneveh.         
    • Source: Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin / CC BY-SA 4.0

    By Ashley Cowie

    https://www.ancient-origins.net/ }

    12-08-2021 om 23:34 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ARCHEOLOGIE ( E, Nl, Fr )
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Passenger and Military Jets Both Report Seeing a UFO Over Eastern Canada

    Passenger and Military Jets Both Report Seeing a UFO Over Eastern Canada

    A July 30 report describes a “bright green flying object” that “flew into a cloud, then disappeared.”
    De bronafbeelding bekijken
    A CANADIAN MILITARY TRANSPORT PLANE REPORTED SEEING A UFO OVER THE GULF OF SAINT LAWRENCE ON JULY 30.
    FILE PHOTO BY LARS HAGBERG/THE CANADIAN PRESS

    On the night of July 30, a Canadian military and a KLM Royal Dutch Airlines flight reported a UFO over the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.

    According to an aviation incident report posted on the night of Aug. 11, both flights “reported seeing a bright green flying object” that “flew into a cloud, then disappeared” in a stretch of open water between Quebec and Newfoundland. 

    The KLM passenger flight (KLM618) was travelling from Boston to Amsterdam while the Canadian military transport aircraft (CFC4003) was flying between CFB Trenton, a base in Ontario, and Cologne, Germany. 

    Few other details were made available in the report, which appeared in CADORS, the Canadian government’s flight incident archive. In a previous story, VICE World News showed how this digital database contains dozens of UFO reports from airlines such as Air Canada, Porter, and WestJet. In a June investigation, VICE World News revealed how Canadian military personnel have been reporting UFOs for decades.

    Whatever they are, these kinds of enigmatic objects and lights have caught the attention of the U.S. government, which has openly investigated UFOs for years and recently released a report on 143 U.S. military sightings, including objects that appeared to “maneuver abruptly, or move at considerable speed, without discernible means of propulsion.” 

    Canada, by contrast, appears far less interested. In a recent statement to VICE World News, a spokesperson from the Department of National Defence said, “We do not track reports or collect information about sightings” of UFOs.

    The Canadian military plane was travelling to Europe as part of a mission to bring at-risk Afghan personnel to Canada

    Data posted to Twitter by aviation and shipping researcher Steffan Watkins suggests the Canadian flight even changed course and altitude at the time of the sighting, which might actually have occurred on July 31. 

    KLM airlines did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the July 30 UFO report in CADORS.

    In a statement to VICE World News, a Canadian military spokesperson said Canada’s air force has “no intent or need to investigate this further.”

    “In this particular incident, there is nothing to indicate that what the crew saw posed any kind of safety risk to the aircraft,” they added. “We believe that they saw something—they would not have filed a report otherwise.”

    A spokesperson from Nav Canada, the private company that operates Canada’s air traffic control system and whose employees would have received the initial reports, told VICE World News that “there is no additional Nav Canada information available for these events.”

    In all statements relating to its aviation reporting system, Transport Canada cautions the “reports contain preliminary, unconfirmed data, which can be subject to change.”

    12-08-2021 om 22:58 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:LATEST ( UFO ) VIDEO NEWS ( ENG)


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