Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 11 MONTHS.
ON 06/05/2024 MORE THAN 1.972.210
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
12-01-2021
Simon Parkes & Linda Moulton Howe Talk Reptilians, Blondes, and Greys
Simon Parkes & Linda Moulton Howe Talk Reptilians, Blondes, and Greys
Simon Parkes and Linda Moulton Howe Talk Reptilians, Blondes, and Greys
COAST TO COAST AM – Simon Parkes, a former Councilor for the London Borough of Hackney, detailed his long history of alien interactions and encounters with Praying Mantis entities. According to Parkes, the Mantis are extremely ancient beings who were actually born on Earth, and “have been accepted by many other off-planet entities as an arbiter,” or referee between various factions including Reptilians, Blonds, and Greys.
The Reptilians, who are very psychic, seek for humans to develop into machines and AI, while the Blond “Nordics” seem to stand in opposition to them, he indicated.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Orb Creates Smaller Orbs, Oakley, California 12-22-2020, UFO Sighting News.
Orb Creates Smaller Orbs, Oakley, California 12-22-2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 22, 2020 Location of sighting: Oakley, California, USA Source: MUFON
This is a really baffling UFO video. It just came from MUFON today and it shows a glowing orange disk moving across the sky and at two different points...it ejects out glowing objects. No this looks a lot like a mother orb...thats an orb that creates duplicate of itself that are almost the same size, but can create a new orb every 3-5 seconds...with hundreds soon created. Never seen this at night before and it looks way too big to be a cloud orb. Orbs are about basketball size...this looks car size. This is truly an alien craft.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
It seemed to emit some type of energy around the object with different color. Also light seemed to be pulsating, object started ejecting smaller orbe like pieces that would disappear right after. While this object passed by me two planes are seeing to go near it. I have a 2 minutes vídeo also I screen shot the objec and has no shape. No sign of being a meteorite either.
Black Object Over Royal Palm Beach, Florida, Jan 1, 2021, UFO Sighting News.
Black Object Over Royal Palm Beach, Florida, Jan 1, 2021, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Jan 1, 2021 Location of sighting:Palm Beach, Florida, USA
Source: MUFON
This UFO is unique in that it appears to be flour bowl shaped...you know...the kind of metal bowl in the kitchen for mixing ingredients. Those particular shaped UFOs have been seen before, usually near power lines. This one has a mist around it and appears not to be black but to be a brownish color. It's moving with the flat side down, and the curved dome side up. It's obviously intelligently controlled. The eyewitness things it may be a bag, but doesn't seem convinced of it. His curiosity causes him to drive around to the other side of the stores to a dead end where a pond is seen, but he sees no UFO anywhere. This is a fantastic and rare catch of a bowl UFO.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan UFO researcher
Eyewitness states:
Black cube shape about 10ft length/width/height with apparent exhaust on one side. On January 3, 2021, I was exiting a department store located in Royal Palm Beach, FL, at 6pm. I had just finished shopping with my 10 year old son when I spotted a dark, cubed-shaped object, moving slowly from the west towards a north/northwest location. I immediately filmed it with a somewhat unsteady hand as my son and I were standing on the edge of the street and we had packages that we were keeping an eye on. Still, I was able to follow it until I lost visual as it seemed to be lowering its altitude and lost it behind the store. It was at around 500ft away, give or take. It had what seemed to be some sort of dim light on one side and it appeared that it was some sort of propulsion and it seemed to show some rotation motion. There was no sound coming from it. As soon as I lost visual I jumped in my car and started driving behind the store but couldn’t see it anymore.
Silver Object Over Homes In Chillicothe, Ohio On 5-17-2019, UFO Sighting News.
Silver Object Over Homes In Chillicothe, Ohio On 5-17-2019, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: May 17, 2019 Location of sighting: Chillicothe, Ohio, USA
Source: MUFON
This video was just sent into the MUFON today, although it was recorded back in 2019. The object in question is a silver and black object, whose shape cannot be totally defined. In the video the object is seen turning and moving. It also is intelligently controlled. It's not a toy or kite or balloon, but it does appear to be the shape and color of a UFO. This video shows something truly amazing and unexplainable in all terms of the word. 100% alien technology here.
Scott C. Waring
Eyewitness states:
My grandson saw this object far away and asked me what it was? I looked up and saw something in the sky hovering around. I pulled out my camera and started recording what we saw. I zoomed in to see it better, then saw it watching us and it zoomed out, then back in. Then it started changing shapes. We all watched. I didn't get a good look at it until I went inside to watch the video. What we saw was something unexplainable, so I slowed down the video and saw two more black objects around the UFO.
Black cube shaped UFO flying over Royal Palm Beach, Florida 3-Jan-2021
Black cube shaped UFO flying over Royal Palm Beach, Florida 3-Jan-2021
Witness filmed this really amazing UFO sighting from a car while driving on the streets of Royal Palm Beach in Florida. This happened on 3rd January 2021.
Witness report:
Black cube shape about 10ft length/width/height with apparent exhaust on one side. On January 3, 2021, I was exiting a department store located in Royal Palm Beach, FL, at 6pm. I had just finished shopping with my 10 year old son when I spotted a dark, cubed-shaped object, moving slowly from the west towards a north/northwest location. I immediately filmed it with a somewhat unsteady hand as my son and I were standing on the edge of the street and we had packages that we were keeping an eye on. Still, I was able to follow it until I lost visual as it seemed to be lowering its altitude and lost it behind the store. It was at around 500ft away, give or take. It had what seemed to be some sort of dim light on one side and it appeared that it was some sort of propulsion and it seemed to show some rotation motion. There was no sound coming from it. As soon as I lost visual I jumped in my car and started driving behind the store but couldn’t see it anymore.
This interesting UFO video of an unknown orange object that was releasing orbs was filmed in Oakley, California on 22nd December 2020.
Witness report:
seemed to emit some type of energy around the object with different color. Also light seemed to be pulsating, object started ejecting smaller orbe like pieces that would disappear right after. While this object passed by me two planes are seeing to go near it. I have a 2 minutes vídeo also I screen shot the objec and has no shape. No sign of being a meteorite either
It's a cosmic roll of the dice. There's no doubt that a major asteroid or comet strike could cause extensive devastation and profoundly affect life on Earth.
The largest hit in recent times was the object that exploded over Tunguska, Siberia, in June 1908 with an energy impact of five to 15 megatons. Then there was that spectacular and destructive airburst in February 2013 over the Russian city of Chelyabinsk. The Chelyabinsk explosion generated a shock wave that shattered windows on the ground, and the resulting flying glass shards injured more than 1,000 people.
While these run-ins are few and far between, those in the know call them wakeup calls.
Thwarting an incoming object that has Earth in its crosshairs will mean deflecting or disrupting the hazardous object. That's a task of planetary defense, an "applied planetary science" to address the near-Earth object (NEO) impact hazard.
Lindley Johnson is NASA's Planetary Defense Officer and program executive of the Planetary Defense Coordination Office. An email from him includes the on-the-job line: "Hic Servare Diem," Latin for "Here to Save the Day."
Space.com caught up with Johnson in late December to discuss recent events and what's on the planetary-defense agenda in 2021.
Space.com: What's the impact of the Dec. 1 loss of the Arecibo Observatory's 305-meter telescope on your planetary radar efforts for NEO observations?
Johnson: The National Science Foundation made the hard decision that it needed to be decommissioned for safety reasons and brought down. But the telescope decided to do it on its own. Its planetary radar observation isn't unique, as we have it at our Goldstone [Solar System Radar in California's Mojave Desert] too. What was unique about Arecibo was the size of the dish and the power it generated, which gave it a longer range than we have at Goldstone.
Johnson: We have lost that capability, but we haven't lost planetary radar capability. But it does make Goldstone a more critical capability for us than it was. We did have some overlap and redundancy prior to loss of Arecibo, but now we have Goldstone. I think not only NASA but other agencies as well will soon engage in a study of what is the future for our planetary radar capability. I think the loss of Arecibo will provide the incentive to get that together, a concerted effort on the part of several agencies.
Johnson: It's about two-thirds of the way through its integration and test now at the Applied Physics Laboratory [APL, at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland]. It is beginning to look like a real spacecraft. But there certainly have been challenges with COVID-19 and delivery by suppliers of all the parts. One of the remaining big pieces still to be delivered is the rollout solar arrays. But the integration schedule has been rearranged. Things are looking positive all the way through the testing that's going on. We're in pretty good shape to get DART shipped out to Vandenberg [Air Force Base in California] to meet the end-of-July launch.
Space.com: Any update on the Italian Space Agency's Light Italian Cubesat for Imaging of Asteroid, the LICIACube built to witness DART's impact?
Johnson: They've had their challenges too, maybe even more so. We're hoping they will be able to stay on schedule. LICIACube could be integrated at APL, or it could also be integrated out at Vandenberg if they need to.
Space.com: As NASA's first planetary defense mission, what do you hope to learn from DART?
Johnson: It will confirm for us what the viability of the kinetic impactor technique is for diverting an asteroid's orbit and determine that it remains a viable option, at least for smaller-sized asteroids, which are the most frequent impact hazard.
Space.com: You have been engaged in a series of "table top" exercises involving the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and other organizations about the nature, risk and what to do given an Earth encounter with an asteroid or comet impact. What's their value to your work?
Johnson: There will definitely be more coming, and possibly next year. We do introduce different scenarios, like how much time before impact do you have? Or what's the size of the object? To date, the exercises have been done with a relatively small community. I think in a future exercise, our main objective is to have a broader community of the NEO Impact Threat Emergency Protocols Working Group take part, representation from a number of other agencies that have not been involved in previous exercises. That working group was formed in early 2019 to work on Goal 5 actions in the National NEO Strategy and Action Plan.
Space.com: The JPL Center for NEO Studies is NASA's center for computing asteroid and comet orbits and their odds of Earth impact. Fireball and bolide data is included on their website, some of which is gleaned from classified military satellites. How is that data exchange between NASA and the military going?
Johnson: The pathways and the capabilities are more straightforward than it used to be. We are still working on making it faster, more automated. Through this last year some of it was somewhat manual, with data delayed longer than we would like it to be. If you check out the website, you'll see a steady addition of events into our database.
Space.com: You would want to obtain that data far sooner?
Johnson: Within hours of the event, if not quicker.
Space.com: Asteroid samples brought back to Earth — be they from Japan's Hayabusa2 spacecraft and NASA's OSIRIS-REx — how valuable are they to your planetary defense office?
Johnson: They certainly do help us understand the nature and composition of these objects. Getting these spacecraft out there to observe them up close is part of a step-by-step approach, from remote sensing of them … and then collecting a sample for lab analysis here on Earth. It confirms what we think we know about an asteroid's composition.
That's of course of great interest to the scientific community. But it's also of value in understanding how mitigation techniques might be more effective. For remote sensing of these objects, you are never sure whether the lines and squiggles are being interpreted correctly. When you get up close, you can confirm a number of things. So it's kind of a bootstrap approach.
Space.com: Any new words on your proposed NASA Near Earth Object Surveyor spacecraft, a space-based infrared telescope capable of detecting asteroids close to Earth?
Johnson: From a technical standpoint, everybody agrees that this project is ready to move on into phase B, a preliminary design. The uncertainty right now is what the future budget is going to be. Our planetary defense program does not have adequate budget out through the number of years it will take to develop NEO Surveyor as yet.
Space.com: Looking back and eyeing the future, how do you appraise NASA's planetary defense program?
Johnson: The program at NASA continues. Using ground-based capabilities in 2020, it looks like the number of found NEOs is going to hit 2,800 [for the year], a record number for us. Most of those are quite small, much smaller than the 140-meter threshold that we're working toward.
The level of which we're finding the 140-meter and larger asteroids remains pretty stable, at about 500 a year. Our projection of the number of these objects out there is about 25,000, and we've only found a little over one-third of those so far, maybe 38% or so. Our models tell us we've got about 15,000 more to find. At 500 a year, you do the math, that's 30 years that we have to get through with these kind of operations today. We can do it quicker. We know we have the technology to do it faster, and that is what NEO Surveyor is all about.
Leonard David is author of the book "Moon Rush: The New Space Race," which was published by National Geographic in May 2019. A longtime writer for Space.com, David has been reporting on the space industry for more than five decades. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom or on Facebook. This version of the story published on Space.com.
If you're feeling lonely, take solace in remembering that there are countless tiny living things floating tens of thousands of feet above your head.
And as scientists have come to learn more and more about this high-flying life and how it interacts with Earth's surface, they are beginning to question just how implausible it is to wonder whether similar life could theoretically hide out in the clouds of Venus or still more exotic worlds.
"We humans really are bottom-dwellers underneath an ocean of atmosphere above our head, and we really don't know where Earth's biosphere boundary stops at extreme altitudes," David Smith, who studies life in the atmosphere at NASA's Ames Research Center in California, said at a roundtable event held on Dec. 14 at the annual fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union, held virtually this month. "It seems just about anywhere we sample with NASA aircraft and balloons, we find signatures of microbial life."
So far, life in Earth's atmosphere seems to be strictly microbial and a temporary affair, intimately connected to life on Earth's surface rather than an independent ecosystem. Tiny, hardy organisms are swept up from the thin transition where Earth's atmosphere meets the planet and carried into the lower layers of the atmosphere on an epic detour.
"Based on what we know, the things are just moving through the atmosphere," Kevin Dillon, a Ph.D. candidate in microbiology at Rutgers University, said during the panel. "Microbes travel and use the atmosphere almost like a highway, and specifically can hitch a ride in clouds."
Microbes end up in two layers of the atmosphere. In the lower troposphere, microbes mostly have to contend with the risk of drying out, Diana Gentry, a research scientist at Ames, said during the panel. Hence the appeal of clouds.
"If you are picked up and suspended in the atmosphere, you're in danger of losing all of your water pretty quickly," Gentry said. "So clouds in the lower level are great — they're like these mobile water hotspots that can help keep you wet as you're picked up and transported around." In the troposphere, some microbes may survive pretty normally, even.
Meanwhile, life one level up, in the harsher stratosphere needs to contend with conditions that are still drier and even acidic. Here, microbes typically at least need to hunker down into a dormant state they can slip out of after returning to the surface. And of course, some die, and some are dead before they are swept up into the atmosphere.
So far, even in the best situation, atmospheric microbes don't seem to be doing much more intriguing than simply surviving, however. "We are really just beginning to understand the dynamics of how microorganisms from Earth's surface get swept up into the atmosphere, how long they stay aloft and whether or not they're doing anything meaningful in terms of activity or growth and reproduction aloft — we still don't know," Smith said. "We have a lot more work to do in Earth's atmosphere."
But just as the discovery of hydrothermal vent communities at hot seams in the ocean floor prompted astrobiological dreams of life deep inside the hidden oceans of icy moons, so scientists now wonder whether the strange extremity of atmospheric life on Earth could be a template for determining whether anything is alive elsewhere in this chain of rocky worlds we call the solar system.
Life in the solar system
Of course, for as many uncertainties as there are when it comes to life in Earth's atmosphere, they only multiply in atmospheres beyond Earth's.
One key constraint is that while we know full well Earth's surface is a paradise from which microbes can take their grand adventure, other planetary surfaces in the solar system are either certainly or likely more hostile to life as we know it, although they may well have been plenty habitable in the distant past. The appeal of someplace like Venus, for example, as a destination in the search for life is in its atmosphere, where some scientists have argued that liquid droplets about 30 to 37 miles (48 to 60 kilometers) up could act as a haven in the acidic, hot environment for which Venus is famous.
That harshness means that on worlds like Venus, life would need to remain in the atmosphere permanently, rather than visiting as it does on Earth. And that permanence means those holes scientists have about whether microbes can, say, reproduce while aloft, would need filling.
And gravity would consistently steal some hypothetical microbes out of the one cozy layer, Gentry noted. "A challenge to life that is unique to life in the atmosphere is that because you're floating, you're constantly losing some of your life that is up there, just to gravitational settling over time," she said. "In order for life to be able to persist long-term in an atmosphere, it has to be able to reproduce fast enough to make up for those losses."
Then there's that water issue. Earth's clouds are special: They are the only modern atmospheric clouds in the solar system built primarily of water vapor, making them uniquely promising for life human scientists are most attuned to recognize. Venus' clouds? Sulfuric acid. Mars has some carbon dioxide wisps. Neptune's moon Triton boasts nitrogen clouds. All of them are intriguing, but no water is a real hurdle.
"One of the major themes in astrobiology tends to be 'follow the water' because, for Earth-like life as we know it, water is a requirement," Gentry said. "Because those are not water-based clouds, they're not interesting for the same reason that water-based clouds are interesting."
And beyond
Just as Earth serves as a template for considering other solar system worlds, our neighborhood offers archetypes to consider for worlds beyond our star — with another step down in how much we know about them, of course. Where Earth is our daily backdrop and the planets are destinations for sophisticated spacecraft, exoplanets are mostly blemishes silhouetted against their stars in astronomical observations.
And it turns out, spotting atmospheric life is tricky, even here on Earth. "Every time we fly through clouds and make cloud water collections, we have this really strong signal of Earth life. And yet, we can't measure it remotely," Smith said. "We know life is in those clouds, but we don't have any instruments that are sensitive enough to detect that without actually collecting the cloud water."
So don't expect scientists to make any announcements about atmospheric life on other worlds any time soon.
"It is extraordinarily difficult to prove or to see whether an exoplanet is a living world," Noam Izenberg, a planetary scientist at Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Maryland, said.
But don't stop wondering about it either, he said.
"If there's a chance for life on Venus, then yes, there's probably chances for life on Venus-like worlds elsewhere," Izenberg said. "If there's life on Earth, yes, there's probably a chance for life on Earth-like worlds elsewhere."
Email Meghan Bartels at mbartels@space.com or follow her on Twitter @meghanbartels. Follow uson Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.
Astronomers have discovered a galaxy that is ejecting a massive amout of gas. The outburst could represent the end of star formation in ID2299 and its figurative death.
The process that causes the end of star formation in galaxies, their transition to an inactive phase and thus their figurative ‘death’ has been a puzzle for astronomers and astrophysicist for some time. Many researchers believe that ‘galactic death’ begins with the ejection of a massive quantity of gas, but thus far, researchers have failed to capture evidence of the escape of this star-forming fuel in such volumes. Thus the confirmation of how this transition to galactic quintessence occurs has also proved elusive.
Now an international team of astronomers have used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) located in the desert region of Chile to spot a distant galaxy in which such a massive ejection of gas is progressing.
“Using ALMA we have discovered a distant galaxy, ID2299, which is ejecting about half of its cold gas reservoir out of the galaxy,” Annagrazia Puglisi, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University, lead researcher on the study, tells ZME Science. “This is the first time we have observed a typical massive star-forming galaxy in the distant Universe about to ‘die’ because of a massive cold gas ejection.”
ID2299 is so distant that the light it emits takes 9 billion years to reach Earth, which means the team were able to observe it at a time when the universe was just 4.5 billion years old.
The rate of gas ejection that ID2299–a galaxy with a similar mass to the Milky way– is experiencing is equivalent to 10,000 Suns per year, removing an extraordinary 48% of its total cold gas content. In addition to this, the galaxy is still forming stars at a rapid rate, hundreds of times faster than the star formation rate of our own galaxy.
Puglisi explains that the gas ejection, together with a large amount of star formation in the nuclear regions of the galaxy, will eventually deprive the galaxy of the fuel need to make new stars.
“This would stop star formation in the object, effectively halting the galaxy’s development.”
Annagrazia Puglisi, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University
The team’s research, published in the latest edition of the journal Nature Astronomy, is significant because it represents three ‘firsts’ for astronomy. “This is the first time we observe a typical massive star-forming galaxy in the distant Universe about to ‘die’ because of a massive cold gas ejection,” explains Puglisi. “Also, for the first time, we were able to tell that massive gas ejection might be frequent enough to cause the cessation of star formation in a large number of massive distant galaxies. Finally, we were able to study the physical properties of the ejected gas in a distant galaxy.”
The researcher goes on to explain that these factors are important in the understanding of the triggering mechanism of the ejection– the galaxy’s distinct tidal tail.
Galactic Collisions and Tidal Tails
The research team that discovered ID2299 believe that it was created during a collision between two galaxies and their eventual merger. Ironically this process seems to have triggered the rapid gas loss that will eventually cause it to become inactive.
“ID2299 is a galaxy with a large mass in stars and is forming new stars at a rate 300 times faster than our Galaxy– a result of the collision between two galaxies,” co-author Chiara Circosta, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, tells ZME.
The main clue that points towards ID2299’s creation by collision is the fact its ejected gas has taken the form of a tidal tail. These elongated streams of stars and gas that reach into interstellar space are often too faint to see and are theorised to be the result of galactic mergers.
“Collisions between galaxies are very powerful and spectacular phenomena. During the interaction, tidal forces develop and can trigger ejection of gas through tidal tails,” says Circosta. “Our study suggests that these ejections could be frequent enough to stop the formation of new stars in a large number of massive galaxies in the distant Universe.
“Our research shows that these interactions can have an important role in the life-cycles of galaxies.
Chiara Circosta, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London
What makes the team’s findings even more impressive is the fact that it’s a discovery that occurred predominantly through good fortune.
Serendipity and a Series of Firsts
Because tidal tails of gas such as the one that the team observed being ejected from ID2299 are extremely faint and thus, difficult for astronomers to observe. In fact, the team weren’t looking for a galaxy like ID2299 at all.
“The discovery of this object was serendipitous. I was inspecting the spectra of 100 star-forming galaxies from the ALMA telescope,” says Puglisi, who goes on to explain that the spectrum of galaxy ID2299 immediately caught her attention as it displayed an excess of emission near the very prominent emission line from the galaxy. “I was very surprised when I measured the flux of this excess emission because it indicated that the galaxy was expelling a large amount of gas.
“I was thrilled to discover such an exceptional galaxy! I was eager to learn more about this weird object because I was convinced that there was some important lesson to be learned about how distant galaxies evolve.“
Annagrazia Puglisi, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University
The discovery of ID2299 sparked a discussion within the team about the mechanism that is causing the gas ejection of gas at such a rapid rate. They concluded that alternative mechanisms simply couldn’t account for ejection in such large amounts.
“We discussed a lot to understand what could have been the possible cause of this phenomenon. Broad components are fairly common in the spectra of distant galaxies and are typically associated with galactic winds,” says Puglisi. “Nor the active black hole nor the strong star formation hosted in ID2299 were powerful enough to produce this ejection.
“The numbers didn’t just add up.”
The next steps for the team are to use ALMA to make high-resolution observations of ID2299 and the motion of gas within it in order to better understand the gas ejection occurring there. Looking beyond this galaxy, Puglisi says she will also look for similar occurrences in other galaxies.
“I personally find quite fascinating the study of galaxy interactions and mergers. These phenomena are visually spectacular,” the researcher adds. “I find quite poetic that galaxies can get close to each other and influence their life and evolution so dramatically.”
The research the team presents could either overturn current theories that suggest star-forming material is actually ejected by the activity of supermassive black holes at the centre of galaxies or could provide another mechanism by which this can occur. Either way, the discovery represents a significant step forward in our understanding of how galaxies develop.
“I see galaxy evolution as a complex puzzle that researchers are trying to complete through their studies,” Circosta concludes. “A crucial part of the puzzle is about the mechanisms that halt the formation of new stars and ‘kill’ galaxies.
“Witnessing such a massive disruption event allowed us to shed new light on one of the possible culprits responsible for the death of distant galaxies. This adds an important piece to the puzzle of galaxy evolution!”
Chiara Circosta, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London
Original research:
Puglisi. A., Daddi. E., Brusa. M., et al, ‘A titanic interstellar medium ejection from a massive starburst galaxy at z=1.4,’ Nature Astronomy, [2021], [DOI: 10.1038/s41550-020-01268-x].
De aarde tolde in 2020 in recordtempo om haar as; de dagen waren meetbaar korter
De aarde tolde in 2020 in recordtempo om haar as; de dagen waren meetbaar korter
In 2020 draaide de aarde zo snel om haar as, dat de dagen meetbaar korter waren. Mogelijk moeten we de klok binnenkort zelfs een gedwongen tik terug zetten om het rappe getol bij te benen, schrijft de Volkskrant.
Een beetje tegenstrijdig klinkt het wel. Waar 2020 voor de meeste mensen voelde als een jaar dat zich eindeloos voortsleepte van crisis naar lockdown en weer terug, zoefde het jaar in werkelijkheid in recordvaart voorbij.
Of nou ja: tijdmeet-technisch dan toch. Veel zullen u en ik van de milliseconden tijdwinst die we afgelopen jaar boekten immers niet hebben gemerkt. Toch is die kortere draaitijd van de aarde, nauwlettend bijgehouden door de International Earth Rotation Reference Systems Service (IERS), meer dan alleen een grappig borrelfeitje. Hij heeft namelijk invloed op de stand van de ‘universele klok’ waarnaar wij allemaal leven, de wereldwijde standaard waarop alle tijdzones gebaseerd zijn.
Ultragevoelige atoomklokken
Die wereldwijde tijd heet ook wel UTC – overigens geen afkorting, maar een compromis tussen de Engelse term CUT (Coordinated Universal Time) en de Franse term TUC (Temps Universel Coordonné). UTC is op zijn beurt weer gebaseerd op de internationale atoomtijd, die men bijhoudt met 400 ultragevoelige atoomklokken, verspreid over 90 laboratoria over de hele wereld.
“Bij ons staan vier van die klokken”, zegt tijdbeheerder Erik Dierikx van het nationaal metrologisch instituut VSL in Delft. Daar houdt hij de IERS-gegevens nauwlettend in de gaten, op zoek naar het moment dat UTC te veel begint af te wijken van de astronomische tijd.
Waar je bij een dag al snel denkt aan 24 uur, wijkt de werkelijke duur van één rondje om de aardas namelijk elke dag iets af, blijkt uit de IERS-gegevens. Dat heeft overigens een natuurlijke oorzaak: veranderingen in de wind, bijvoorbeeld, of het stromen van de oceanen. Zelfs bewegingen van de aardkern oefenen een minieme invloed uit op hoe snel de aarde tolt.
Te langzaam
“Zodra het verschil tussen de astronomische tijd en UTC te groot wordt, voegt men een schrikkelseconde toe”, zegt Dierikx, die zo’n seconde dan samen met zijn collega’s in de atoomklokken programmeert. “De laatste schrikkelseconde kwam erbij op 1 januari 2017", zegt hij.
Decennialang leek de aarde gemiddeld te langzaam te draaien. Maar het afgelopen jaar ging het juist snel, met opmerkelijk veel korte dagen. Sterker nog: de 28 kortste dagen die sinds 1960 in de boeken staan, komen allemaal uit 2020, zo meldde vakwebsite timeanddate.com onlangs na een eigen analyse van de IERS-gegevens. Het meest bont maakte 19 juli het, door (afgerond) anderhalve milliseconde korter dan 24 uur te duren.
Negatieve schrikkelseconde
En ook dit jaar is de verwachting dat de aarde relatief snel om haar as zal tollen, zo meldt het IERS in een voorspelling, zodat ook in 2021 de astronomische tijd het hele jaar zal blijven achterlopen op de tijd op onze klokken.
Heel voorzichtig beginnen sommige tijdturvers daarom zelfs te denken aan de invoering van een negatieve schrikkelseconde om de klok weer in het gareel te krijgen. Dan zouden we een minuut krijgen van maar 59 in plaats van 60 seconden, waarmee één hele kloktik uit de UTC-boeken verdampt. Dat is nog nooit eerder gedaan.
“Ik denk dat het nog even duurt voordat zoiets nodig is”, zegt Dierikx. “Maar theoretisch is het zeker mogelijk. Onze apparatuur kan seconden toevoegen, maar óók weer uitgummen. Dat zou een leuk unicum zijn.”
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ORIGINAL PHOENIX LIGHTS UFO FOOTAGE MARCH 17TH 1997!
ORIGINAL PHOENIX LIGHTS UFO FOOTAGE MARCH 17TH 1997!
The secret space program has been under development since the Nazi era. The Secret Space Program It’s finally time to disclose some information about the Secret Space Program. The hidden purpose of this secret space program was to set the stage for the takeover of the planet by the Draconian / Reptilian.
This takeover scheme will fail and soon the Light forces will wipe out the Cabal, the remnant of the planet’s Draconian rule. The secret space program was launched in Germany shortly after World War I. In 1934, many races of the Draco Empire contacted world leaders and signed secret agreements to enslave large numbers of humans instead of providing advanced military technology. This is the reason why great technological progress was recognized in the 1930s. All of these projects needed financial backing, which was funded by privately owned gold confiscated by the 1934 Gold Reserve Act. During World War II, Draconian forces attempted a public takeover of the planet through Nazi Germany. This attempt was unsuccessful due to the Allied victory, and the Draconian set up a hidden plan. They transferred about 2000 Nazi leaders to the United States by Operation Paperclip, but many of these Nazi Germans still form the shadow government backbone that dominates the events on this planet. I will. After the war, hundreds of thousands of tonnes of Yamashita Gold were incorporated into the trade program to fund the construction of large-scale systems at global underground military bases. These bases were built to set the stage for the Draconian invasion planned to take place in the 2000s. In the 1950s, the secret space program was expanded with plans to build bases on the Moon and Mars. Construction of these bases beneath the globe has progressed, with 120 bases in the United States and 400 bases worldwide in the mid-1990s. These projects required additional funding, and 25% of all human salaries on the planet were invested in these secret projects through tax paper money.
65 Different Types Of Aliens That Might Exist
Amazing footage of Donald Trump speaking about aliens in Area 51. Further on in the video you could see that some type of UFO crafts started flying over the White House. Later on in the video you see a real alien on camera. Israel space chief claims that Donald Trump knows about aliens!
Mysterious Third Monolith Appears in California – DECEMBER 2 2020
They Built a Massive Antarctica Underground City Complex, Dr Michael Salla
They Built a Massive Antarctica Underground City Complex, Dr Michael Salla
They Built a Massive City Complex Underground in Antarctica, Dr Michael Salla
Topics discussed in this LARP “Live Action Role Play” Entertainment Purposes Podcast
The Race for Space Supremacy
Building 300 Squadrons of Spaceships for Space Dominance
Less then 180 Days, May is the Month for Disclosure Plato, Atlantis, Antarctica, the Hub of Atlantis Patent to Hyper City Electromagnetic Field Generator Patent Tesla Shield to Protect Cities , 5 Navy Patents Will Revolutionize The World
Space Travel Space Carrier Battle Groups Hybrid Aerospace Underwater Craft Massive Underground Complexes Built Under Ice in Antarctica 4th Reich Built Their Spaceships in Antarctica Underground Cities Space Pearl Harbor Space Futures 2060 & The Mapping of 8 Different Scenarios The Star Trek Future
Astrange black humanoid-like object hovering in the sky over Chillicothe, Ohio. The figure changing directions and changes shapes.
Back in 2019 (2019-05-17) the witness noticed something in the sky hovering around on which he pulled out his camera and recorded what he saw.
To see the strange object better, he zoomed in, watched it, zoomed out and zoomed in again. It was that moment the black figure started changing shapes.
Since the figure was far away in the sky he didn't get a good look at it until he went inside his house to get a better look out of the light and what he saw was something unexplainable. Mufon.
This daytime UFO footage of triangular formation making maneuvers in the sky above Argentina was filmed on 9th January 2021 and submitted to me through our Facebook page.
ASTRONAUTS COULD FUEL THEIR RETURN TRIP USING MARS’ ATMOSPHERE
ASTRONAUTS COULD FUEL THEIR RETURN TRIP USING MARS’ ATMOSPHERE
SPACEX
DAN ROBITZSKI
Pit Stop
Scientists are working on a portable system that could help astronauts on Mars fuel up for their return trip using the atmosphere around them.
Using atmospheric carbon dioxide and water from ice on and beneath the Martian surface, the University of California, Irvine scientists believe it would be possible to create methane, which could then be used as the rocket fuel that carries them home, according to Space.com. The work is still in the proof-of-concept stage, but if it holds up it could make long-distance space travel considerably more realistic.
Simple Plan
The International Space Station already uses a similar two-step process to convert water into breathable oxygen. The key to the UC Irvine team’s research, however, is that it introduces a zinc catalyst that bypasses the water synthesis process and brings the chemical reaction down to a single step. That would make any fully-developed fuel generating system more compact, according to research published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, and easier to transport to Mars and elsewhere.
“The zinc is fundamentally a great catalyst,” UC Irvine physicist and lead researcher Houlin Xin said in a press release. “It has time, selectivity and portability — a big plus for space travel.”
“The process we developed bypasses the water-to-hydrogen process, and instead efficiently converts CO2 into methane with high selectivity,” Xin added.
Step One
So far, Xin and his team found that the chemical reaction works in a lab under Mars-like conditions, but they haven’t yet tested it in any sort of real-world scenario.
“Lots of engineering and research is needed before this can be fully implemented,” Xin said in the release. “But the results are very promising.”
Ancient UFOs And Alien Life Contact: Have They Visited Us Before?
Ancient UFOs And Alien Life Contact: Have They Visited Us Before?
According to ancient writings, aliens have visited Earth since the beginning of mankind.
UFOs, aliens and alien abductions are a hot topic thanks to TV shows likeUFO HuntersandV, along with movies likeThe Fourth Kind. The question needs to be asked, are UFOs and aliens real?
There seems to be a wealth of evidence to support the belief that UFOs and aliens exist. If this is true, some may be led to wonder “How long have aliens been visiting the Earth? Some researchers and scholars believe that Earth has been visited by extraterrestrials since mankind began.
The Sumerian Creation Story
The Sumerian creation story, called Epic of Creation, tells of a twelfth planet in the solar system called Nibiru. It is alleged to pass by Earth only once every 3,600.
Some people refer to it as Planet X. The story goes on to tell how beings from that planet, known as the Anunnaki, came down to Earth. In the Bible, these people are known as the Nefilim.
If this story seems strange, it gets even stranger. According to the translation of ancient Sumerian tablets, the aliens who visited Earth at the dawn of mankind are said to have genetically altered early man, advancing mankind to the Homo sapiens that exist today.
This story holds that the first genetically altered man was known as Adam, which coincides with the Bible story of the first person God created. This was done to create slave labor for the extraterrestrials who came to Earth for mining purposes.
Supporters of this theory cite Genesis 1: 26 which says, “Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness.” If this is true, it would explain what some believe is a missing link in Darwin’s theory.
Ancient Hindu Texts and UFOs
Mahabharata, Ramayana, and Bhagavata-Purana are three ancient Hindu texts that date back to at least 3000 B.C. These texts tell of flying machines, called vimanas, that could travel to other worlds.
In addition, Vedic writings tell of Devas, who were known as gods from other planets, that would visit Earth, coming in flying machines.
India, according to Dr.V. Raghavan, retired head of the Sanskrit department of India’s prestigious University of Madras, was alone in playing host to extraterrestrials in prehistory. Dr. Raghavan contends that centuries-old documents in Sanskrit (the classical language of India and Hinduism) prove that aliens from outer space visited his nation.
“Fifty years of researching this ancient works convinces me that there are livings beings on other planets, and that they visited earth as far back as 4,000 B.C., ”
The scholar says.
“There is a just a mass of fascinating information about flying machines, even fantastic science fiction weapons, that can be found in translations of the Vedas (scriptures), Indian epics, and other ancient Sanskrit text.”
In the Mahabharata (writings), there is notion of divine lighting and ray weapons, even a kind of hypnotic weapon. And in the Ramayana (writings), there is a description of Vimanas, or flying machines, that navigated at great heights with the aid of quicksilver and a great propulsive wind. “These were space vehicles similar to the so-called flying saucers reported throughout the world today.
The Ramayana even describes a beautiful chariot which ‘arrived shining, a wonderful divine car that sped through the air’. In another passage, there is mention of a chariot being seen ‘sailing overhead like a moon.'”
In the ancient Vymanka-Shastra (science of aeronautics), there is a description of a Vimana: “An apparatus which can go by its own force, from one place to place or globe to globe.”
Dr. Raghavan points out, “The text’s revelations become even more astounding. Thirty-one parts-of which the machine consists-are described, including a photographing mirror underneath. The text also enumerates 16 kinds of metal that are needed to construct the flying vehicle: “But only three of them are known to us today. The rest remain untranslatable.”
Francis Crick and the Origins of Life on Earth
Francis Crick is a Nobel Prize winner, responsible for helping to discover the structure of DNA. Along with fellow scientist, Leslie Orgel, Crick theorizes that life on Earth could have begun on another planet, with organisms being sent to Earth as an act of seeding.
This theory is based on the lack of the element molybdenum, (important in enzymatic reactions,) on Earth, that could be abundant on another planet.
Sighting and writings of UFOs have been recorded throughout mankind’s history. Although it takes many people out of their comfort zone, historical evidence needs to be considered when considering if Earth has been visited by extraterrestrials before.
ALL RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
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A Disturbance in the Field
A Disturbance in the Field
By Dr. Amira Val Baker, Resonance Science Foundation Research Scientist
The Earth’s magnetic field appears to be shifting and geologists don’t know why.
Like most spinning systems, such as stars and planets, the Earth’s magnetic field is assumed to be generated through the motion of electrically conducting fluids – such as a liquid iron core as is thought to be the case for the Earth. All being well, in a perfect idealized ‘physics’ world, the magnetic field would align with the axis of spin. However, the reality is that the Earth’s magnetic field is aligned at an 11-degree angle to the spin axis, hovering somewhere over Canada. The exact location is variable and over the last 180 years the magnetic north pole has been migrating northwestward with movements of up to 25 miles per year.
Variation of the poles is normal and, in some cases, can result in complete reversal of the poles. This can be seen in the magnetic fingerprints stored in ancient rocks, which show that the poles have flipped every 200,000 to 300,00 years for the last 20 million years. The last flip occurred around 780,000 years ago so some say we are well over due for a flip! If a flip did occur, then our north compass would point towards the south pole and vice versa. This could result in some confusion, especially for animals with internal compasses, such as birds. As well, when a flip has occurred in the past it has been associated with a temporary weakening of the field, which would remove the capabilities of Earth’s protective shield exposing us to increased levels of radiation. Read more here.
Understanding the magnetic field in all its complexities has been progressing with the continuous development of computer simulations – however it still has a long way to go in furthering our understanding and reaching a satisfactory predictive model.
The World Magnetic Model (WMM) utilizes these computer simulations to spatially represent the Earth’s magnetic field. All modern navigation systems rely on it – from the systems that steer ships at sea to Google maps on smart phones. Its accuracy is paramount and is therefore updated every 5 years to account for the latest variations. The next update was scheduled for 2020, however, recently the magnetic field has been changing so rapidly and erratically that it has to be updated now – with the update set for the end of this month!
In the unified physics perspective all fields and forces are the result of a fundamental toroidal dynamic. The magnitude of the force and the associated effects of the field will depend on the characteristics of the system and will thus be of varying significance. The Earth is spinning and will therefore have a magnetic field which can be measured in terms of the exerted torque. Typically, the magnetic field will be aligned with the spin axis of the planet or spinning system. However, both internal disturbances and/or external perturbations could affect both the local and global symmetry and overall alignment, which is what we could be experiencing now. Maybe the unified physics approach can help shed some light on these complexities. Watch this space!
In the end, the DNA results of the elongated skull resembling an Alien were made public (Video)
In the end, the DNA results of the elongated skull resembling an Alien were made public (Videos)
It’s been 5 long years since the original Paracas elongated skulls have been discovered and yet we needed until 2020 to actually finally get DNA results from them.
Through them, we realized the fact that the elongated skulls are actually not human after all and that they’re unlike anything we’ve ever seen before.
Although they weren’t going to say it, it’s pretty clear that these are actually alien in nature which makes them about as close to extraterrestrial beings as scientists have ever been to acknowledging.
Brien Forester, one of the most prominent scientists of our generation was actually the one to investigate the Peru skulls.
He stated that he even had his top radiologist scan them out and the results were uncanny, to say the least.
They needed a very long time to actually get permission from the Ministry of Culture of Peru to investigate the DNA of the Paracas but the long wait was worth it in the end it seems.
What’s also interesting to mention is that the U2E, H, H1A, and H2 cells from the skulls don’t originate from the American continent either which would imply that they’re actually coming from somewhere else also.
Only 12 of the 18 skulls could actually be tested because the DNA had degraded so much over the years that only 12 of them were still usable. Still, the team managed to extract 58 samples from them which were tested in two different laboratories and the results were quite literally “out of this world” to say the least.
Joe Biden is the United States presidential election winner, but his plans for NASA remain unclear. And while citizens digest the election results, the space industry is left wondering what comes next.
President-elect of the United States Joe Biden speaking with supporters at a community event at Sun City MacDonald Ranch in Henderson, Nevada.
Shortly before 4 a.m. (12:00 UTC) last week (January 7, 2021), Congress confirmed Democrat Joe Biden as the United States presidential election winner. Vice President Mike Pence, presiding over the joint session, announced the tally, 306-232. Whatever your political leanings, if you are a space fan, you watched closely during the Donald Trump administration as it supported NASA’s long-term goal of sending astronauts to Mars. And you saw our nation’s course change during Trump’s tenure to a short-term goal of returning the next man and first woman to the moon by 2024, with the Artemis program. Overall – under Donald Trump – America’s gaze shifted more strongly to human missions to the moon and to Mars. Will that focus continue under President Joe Biden? How can NASA expect to fare under Biden?
Here is some context. In 2017, Trump appointed Jim Bridenstine, a Republican congressman from Oklahoma, to run NASA. The Congress – and the science and space communities – were caught off guard because NASA is typically run by a scientist or a former astronaut or other apolitical space expert. Bridenstine was eventually confirmed by the Senate in April 2018, more than seven months after his appointment. Despite his lack of space or science background, in two years as NASA administrator he appeared to gain the respect of many. Immediately after Biden’s election, however, in early November 2020, Bridenstine announced he would resign.
More context. The wonderful missions out into our solar system that we hear so much about – the much-loved Mars fleet, New Horizons’ dramatic sweep past Pluto, Cassini’s 13 years at Saturn and so on – are robotic missions. The workhorse missions to understand our own Earth and sun are robotic missions. There’s been a decades-long attempt to balance the smaller robotic missions like these, which bear so much fruit, with the bigger, flashier, more expensive missions that could carry human beings into the solar system. The decision to launch a Cassini or a New Horizons has to be made decades in advance; indeed, some of the most visible and stirring robotic missions of this century so far were the lifetime work of scientists begun in the last decades of the 20th century. Why can’t we have both kinds of missions? Why indeed? But it does seem that – in terms of the space program since it began in the late 1950s – the focus has shifted between human missions and robotic missions. That’s just something to bear in mind.
How will the U.S. space program change under a President Joe Biden? Biden is a known quantity in many ways, having served for decades in the Senate and eight years as vice president in the Obama administration. But his plans for NASA and America’s space program are less clear.
The Biden campaign made little mention of its space priorities, apart from a few statements made during the Crew Dragon Demo 2 launch on May 30, 2020, the first launch of NASA astronauts from American soil since 2011. Specifically, Biden wrote on his website:
As president, I look forward to leading a bold space program that will continue to send astronaut heroes to expand our exploration and scientific frontiers through investments in research and technology to help millions of people here on Earth.
The Democratic Party platform – a practical list of Democratic Party objectives for the next four years – was proposed to the 2020 Platform Committee at its meeting on July 27, 2020. While thorough in its claims to upholding national health, economic growth, and racial equity, among other things, its only mention of the space program was condensed to a few lines. However brief, it was considered to be promising in the opinion of John Logsdon, the founder of George Washington University’s Space Policy Institute. The Democratic platform not only endorsed NASA’s current plans, but mentioned its priorities ranging from science and technology development to continued operation of the International Space Station and human space exploration:
Democrats continue to support NASA and are committed to continuing space exploration and discovery. We believe in continuing the spirit of discovery that has animated NASA’s human space exploration, in addition to its scientific and medical research, technological innovation, and educational mission that allows us to better understand our own planet and place in the universe. We will strengthen support for the United States’ role in space through our continued presence on the International Space Station, working in partnership with the international community to continue scientific and medical innovation. We support NASA’s work to return Americans to the moon and go beyond to Mars, taking the next step in exploring our solar system. Democrats additionally support strengthening NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Earth observation missions to better understand how climate change is impacting our home planet.
From what we can gather, two major impending changes are likely.
First, a Biden administration could strengthen NASA and NOAA’s Earth-observing capabilities, with the goal of better understanding climate change. Lori Garver, the NASA deputy administrator during the Obama administration, was a key speaker at the SpaceVision 2020 convention on November 7 and 8, 2020. She said:
Managing the Earth’s ability to sustain human life and biodiversity will likely, in my view, dominate a civil space agenda for a Biden-Harris administration.
Second, although it supports a human return to the moon, a Biden administration has made no specific mention of launch dates. Launching humans to the moon in 2024 as part of the Artemis mission was the Trump administration’s timeline. There is speculation that the Biden administration will, at the very least, slow down the Artemis program, perhaps freeing up money for Earth science and other priorities elsewhere in the agency. On December 20, 2020, the United States government’s two houses of Congress agreed on NASA’s final budget for fiscal year 2021. In the report accompanying the bill, Senate appropriators noted that the looming uncertainty “makes it difficult to analyze the future impacts that funding the accelerated moon mission will have on NASA’s other important missions.” Wendy Whitman Cobb, associate professor of Strategy and Security Studies, U.S. Air Force School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, said
I don’t think Artemis will get canceled. I also don’t think it will get any more money than what it’s currently getting.
On November 10, the Biden administration announced the rosters of the agency review teams that will fan out across the federal government to gather information and guide the Biden administration’s planning. Garver, who led the Obama administration’s transition, commented:
The transition teams really come in to see how things are doing and make recommendations going forward.
NASA chief Jim Bridenstine speaking in December 2019, in front of the newly completed SLS core stage for the Artemis 1 mission. Days after Joe Biden’s November election, Bridenstine announced his January 20, 2021, resignation. Who will replace him?
A key priority of Biden’s space focus will be his selection of a new NASA administrator. He has so far been quiet about his choice, but there’s been plenty of speculation concerning potential candidates. That list is dominated by women. For example, Pam Melroy, a former NASA astronaut who flew on three shuttle missions, is a likely choice. Other possibilities include Wanda Austin, former president and chief executive of the Aerospace Corporation, and Gretchen McClain, a former NASA official who later worked in industry and serves on the boards of several companies.
Past transitions suggest that a new administrator for NASA might not come until months after the January 20 inauguration. After being inaugurated in January 2009, President Obama didn’t nominate Charlie Bolden as administrator (and Garver as deputy administrator) until May 2009; the Senate confirmed them in July. Bridenstine, despite emerging as a top candidate for NASA administrator days after Trump won the presidential election in November 2016, was only nominated in September 2017.
Artist’s concept of an astronaut on the moon, gazing back at Earth, via NASA’s Artemis program.
Bottom line: Democrat Joe Biden will be the next U.S. President. What are his plans for NASA and America’s space program? We predict a focus on Earth observation, especially that related to climate change. And we join many others in predicting that the goal of launching the next man and first woman to the moon in the Artemis program will be pushed back from 2024.
As NASA prepares for its upcoming Artemis mission, which will return humans to the lunar surface for the first time in over 50 years, the space agency needs to upgrade its navigation system to make for a smoother ride in the cosmic void.
This week, NASA announced that its team of engineers from the Space Communications and Navigations (SCaN) program are developing a new, more accurate navigation system for the Artemis mission. The new system will improve timing, precise and responsive maneuvers, reduce cost, and allowing for autonomous, onboard orbit and trajectory determination.
Today, spacecraft flying below about 1,800 miles in altitude can rely on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals, which are a constellation of satellites that provide signals from space that transmit positioning and timing data to receivers located down on Earth.
For us down on Earth, GNSS signals enable our navigation systems and are also used for banking transactions, cellular networks, and telecommunications. Meanwhile, while flying through space, spacecraft use these signals to determine their location, velocity, and time the same way we use our phones to navigate on Earth, according to NASA.
What is GNSS and how does it work?
THE PROBLEM
However, as spacecraft travel beyond 1,800 miles in altitude, the GNSS signals are not able to reach them. Instead, the spacecraft begin relying on signals received from the opposite side of the Earth, extending over the planet.
THE SOLUTION
But NASA engineers believe they have found a way to extend the GNSS signals as they reach for the Moon.
Dr. Ben Ashman, a NASA navigation engineer, said in a statement: “Our simulations show that GPS can be extended to lunar distances by simply augmenting existing high-altitude GPS navigation systems with higher-gain antennas on user spacecraft.
"GPS and GNSS could play an important role in the upcoming Artemis missions from launch through lunar surface operations.”
Rather than receiving signals from a single GNSS constellation, simulations created by NASA's team of engineers have shown that that receiving signals from different constellations at the same time would improve the mission’s ability to calculate its location.
Beyond the simulations, NASA is planning on testing this out in real life with the upcoming Lunar GNSS Receiver Experiment (LuGRE). The space agency is planning to land LuGRE in the Moon's Mare Crisium basin in the year 2023.
Once it's on the lunar surface, the spacecraft will be the first to receive GNSS signals on the Moon.
The data gathered from this, hopefully successful, experiment will be used to develop GNSS systems that can be used by future missions to the Moon.
The Artemis mission aims to land humans on the Moon no earlier than the year 2024.
The purpose of the Artemis program is not only to return humans to the Moon, but establish a presence on the orbiting rock and use the Moon to propel us to further destinations — such as Mars:
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.