Using measurements taken using the SOPHIE spectrograph and the TESS exoplanet-hunting space telescope, an international team of researchers led by astronomer Nathan Hara of the University of Geneva in Switzerland were able to precisely calculate the orbits of each planet.

They're all very tight. Starting closest to the star - the super-Earth, revealed by TESS to be around twice the mass of Earth - the orbits are 2.17, 3.4, 5.2, 7.9, 12, and 17.4 days.

These produce period ratios of 1.57, 1.51, 1.53, 1.51, and 1.44 between each pair of planets. That's not quite perfect resonance - but it's close enough to classify HD 158259 as an extraordinary system.

And this, the researchers believe, is a sign that the planets orbiting the star did not form where they are now.

"Several compact systems with several planets in, or close to, resonances are known, such as TRAPPIST-1 or Kepler-80," explained astronomer Stephane Udry of the University of Geneva.

"Such systems are believed to form far from the star before migrating towards it. In this scenario, the resonances play a crucial part."

That's because these resonances are thought to result when planetary embryos in the protoplanetary disc grow and migrate inwards, away from the outer edge of the disc. This produces a chain of orbital resonance throughout the system.

Then, once the remaining gas of the disc dissipates, this can destabilise the orbital resonances - and this could be what we're seeing with HD 158259. And those tiny differences in the orbital resonances could tell us more about how this destabilisation is occurring.

"The current departure of the period ratios from 3:2 contains a wealth of information," Hara said.

"With these values on the one hand, and tidal effect models on the other hand, we could constrain the internal structure of the planets in a future study. In summary, the current state of the system gives us a window on its formation."

• The research has been published in Astronomy & Astrophysics.
• A version of this article was first published in April 2020.

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{ https://www.sciencealert.com/ }

06-01-2021 om 23:48 geschreven door peter  

2020: A year of UFO news almost too strange to believe

The Pentagon played a huge role in the release of unclassified documents

06-01-2021 om 23:26 geschreven door peter  

“Advanced” Human Societies before our Historical Records?

In this article from the UFO Conjectures site , he raises the possibility of the existence of advanced human societies prior to historical records.

Graham Hancock , the author of several best sellers, is considered a connoisseur when it comes to “advanced human societies before the one we know,” that is, the ” mother culture ” that preceded later ancient civilizations.

Although the issue of ancient civilizations and their possible technology is considered by some to be “pseudoscientific”, there are many indications that reveal a possible use of advanced technological mechanisms in the remote past.

If we eliminate the idea of aliens who came to instruct our ancestors, some of the ideas that Hancock has contributed over time remain as a result.

Graham Hancock. Credit: Cpt.Muji / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 3.0) Official history tells us that primitive humans were not advanced enough, but when observing the megaliths, found artifacts and ancient knowledge; they seem to indicate a lack of synchronicity between what ancient man could do.

So, if we take into account the archaeological findings that show a high degree of knowledge, it can be argued that thousands of years ago civilizations were capable of performing these feats.

Various subterranean and underwater constructions may be an indication of the “forgotten knowledge” that ancient civilizations once had.

It should also be taken into account that many of the ancient advances, unrecorded by history, could have been erased by natural or environmental catastrophes, by incidents such as the fire of the Library of Alexandria (48 BC) and even by the great flood recorded in various ancient texts and may have destroyed the known world.

A simple example: Göbekli Tepe shows the remains of a society before 10,000 BC with important knowledge and present before other societies such as Sumeria.

As stated in previous paragraphs, if we replace Erich von Däniken’s alien “theories” in Chariots of the Gods with the thought of Graham Hancock, the result would be that an earlier and much more advanced humanity than we can imagine existed in the world. Land.

But what could happen to that brilliant and amazing ancient human civilization? It is a very difficult answer to give; However, as in any society that reaches a high point, problems arise: environmental, overpopulation, wars, etc.

And although we do not have an answer to this enigma, we can sketch some possibilities by observing the current scenario and complementing it with past findings. Possibly history repeats itself, the history of our civilization.

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{ https://mysteriousthing.com/ }

06-01-2021 om 23:02 geschreven door peter  

UFO crashes aren’t something you’d think there would be that many of. After all, if aliens have come across the vast sea of stars to get here, you’d think they’d have their technology locked down, and that they would be sure that they weren’t dropping out of the sky all of the time. Yet there is a pretty surprisingly high number of such alleged incidents that show that maybe the alien vehicular safety standards are maybe not up to scratch. It seems like you hear the “(Insert country name here) Roswell” thrown around all of the time, with these crashes being both spectacular and eyebrow-raising at the same time. Here we will be looking at the more obscure “Chilean Roswell,” the time when a UFO allegedly crashed into a mountain in Chile and spawned all of the requisite tales of cover-ups and conspiracies in its aftermath.

It all supposedly began on October 7, 1998, when the normally clear, peaceful day at the small Brazilian village of Paihuano was intruded upon by an anomalous event that none of the rural residents could explain. Locals noticed up in the sky a bright, shiny orange or golden cylindrical metallic object, an estimated 50 feet across, shining brightly in the sunlight and hovering over a nearby hill called Las Mollacas. The eerie object stayed there for a time before rising and then suddenly going into a jagged, abrupt turn that saw it break into two distinct parts, with one falling near the summit of the hill and the other descending lower to smash into the trees behind it. Many people saw this happen, including the town’s own mayor, Lorenzo Torres, and the puzzled witnesses could only guess at what was going on.

It would soon turn out that the appearance and crash of the object had been orbited with other strange phenomena, such as minor earthquakes and blackouts throughout the region, which only served to exacerbate the growing panic among the rural, superstitious populous. It came to the attention of a detachment of a unit of Chilean military police called the Carabineros, who headed out to the area of the supposed crash by horseback, a journey which turned out to be quite the chore considering the steep, treacherous terrain. They would apparently reach the area where the supposed object had come down, but reported that there was nothing there, which is odd because even as they reported this over the highest security connection other military personnel were swarming to the area, with the entire village reportedly under military control within mere hours. In the meantime, a press conference was set up to comment on the event, during which they purportedly received a mysterious phone call from an official at NASA who implored them to cancel the conference until more information was known. The mayor complied by postponing the press conference, but there was no further word from the contact, or even any idea of who it actually had been.

As all of this was going on, on the very same evening of the incident, many residents complained that there was the steady drone of helicopters in the area all night long, which when witnessed appeared to be all black and unmarked. There would also be reports of military trucks headed up the hillside, and even those who claimed they saw helicopters lifting off with something very large in their possession covered with canvas. This mysterious military activity was reported from all around the village, including into neighboring areas such as of Pisco Elquí and Monte Grande, and another oddity was that local hotels and inns were suddenly deluged with foreigners who claimed to be tourists. There were also reported military police patrols who were keeping out curiosity seekers and trespassers, even resident farmers and goat herders, making it seem all very strange for what the authorities were saying was nothing.

This went on for several days, after which the military presence dispersed as quickly as they had come, to leave the villagers in their quiet peace once again. What was the meaning of all of this? What had transpired? No one knew. Some brave locals went up the hillside the next day to investigate with their own eyes, and while they found some evidence that something had disturbed the area, there was not a single shred left behind as to what it could have been. Other explorers would claim to find some strange things, such as the tire tracks of military trucks and “a large cleft, measuring some 5 meters long and some 40 centimeters deep, surrounded by boot prints and heavy vehicle tracks,” as well as stones oddly painted in what looked like aluminum. As this was going on, there were efforts being made to discredit the growing rumors that this had been a crashed ship from another world.

The nearby El Tololo astronomical observatory claimed that this was nothing more than a weather balloon that had gone down, yet there could be provided no evidence that such a balloon had ever been anywhere near the area. The Chilean Air Force totally ignored the incident and refused to even comment on it, although there was one witness who claimed he had been visited by a captain in the Chilean Air Force who had interrogated him on what he had seen that evening. Other scrambled attempts to explain the incident by the government included a down satellite or probe, a remote-controlled drone, an experimental American aircraft, or a meteor, but many of those who had actually seen it weren’t buying any of these explanations. What was going on here?

One observation made about the area itself is that not only does it have a history of UFO sightings, but it also happens to haver a rather unique soil composition that typically turns up large amounts of uranium. There was also a joint Chilean-American military exercise happening in the days around the incident, which may or may not have had had any connection to what transpired. The case has then sort of slipped into obscurity, despite its rather spectacular nickname of “The Chilean Roswell,” and we are left with a lot of questions and few answers.

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{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

06-01-2021 om 22:38 geschreven door peter  

There are several magnificent canyons right here on Earth with the Grand Canyon in Arizona being one of the most well known. The “greatest” canyon on Earth is Yarlung Tsangpo which is located in Tibet and China. The deepest ravine on our planet is the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean which goes down approximately 36,000 feet underwater. And while these are all very impressive, the largest canyon in our entire Solar System is actually located on Mars.

The Valles Marineris stretches out almost a quarter of Mars’ circumference around its equator at over 2,500 miles long. To put this into better perspective, it is almost ten times longer than the Grand Canyon and three times deeper. In addition to being the biggest canyon in our Solar System, it is also one of the most mysterious as scientists are unsure as to how it was formed.

Valles Marineris

It is highly unlikely that the canyon was formed by billions of years of rushing water because Mars is so dry and hot. On the other hand, researchers from the European Space Agency (ESA) have stated that there is evidence that some of the canyon’s channels could have been made deeper by flowing water on the planet hundreds of millions of years ago.

According to the ESA, most of the canyon was more than likely opened up billions of years ago when a group of volcanoes called the Tharsis Montes region first formed. That region measures about 4,000 kilometers across (almost 2,500 miles), 10 kilometers in height (6.2 miles) and has 12 large volcanoes including Olympus Mons which is the largest in the Solar System. When the magma bubbled up underneath the volcanoes, the crust of the planet may have stretched, causing the ground to collapse which ultimately created the large canyon known as Valles Marineris. Additional evidence indicates that magma flows, landslides, and ancient rivers more than likely had some effect on the development of the canyon although how much is unclear.

Valles Marineris is almost ten times longer than the Grand Canyon and three times deeper.

A high-resolution camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter called HiRISE has been taking photographs of the Red Planet’s features since 2006 which includes some close-up images of the gigantic canyon. The pictures can be seen here as well as on the HiRISE website.

A close-up photo of part of Mars' Valles Marineris, the single largest canyon in the solar system.

(Image: © NASA/JPL/University of Arizona)

The Tithonium Chasma (part of Mars’ Valles Marineris) is slashed with diagonal lines of sediment that could indicate ancient cycles of freezing and melting. 

(Image credit: NASA/JPL/UArizona)

Experts still have a lot more work to do in order to conclude for sure how the canyon was formed and the high-resolution photos will certainly help with their research.

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{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

06-01-2021 om 22:14 geschreven door peter  

Exposing the Mysteries of Antarctica... A Scientific Evaluation

Over the last 20 years there have been numerous articles, news items and lectures about the mysterious land of Antarctica. Mysteries often surface such as, strange pyramid shaped mountains, alleged secret underground bases, a gaint hole leading to inner earth, extraterrestrial facilities, ancient lost civilizations, UFO acivity, strange creatures and so on and so on. But what are the real truths behind this location.

Currently there are a few thousand people living and stationed there who rarely report anything out of the norm. So what’s going on? Do any of these mysteries really hold their weight? This channel is managed by Zohar Entertainment Group UK, Zohar Entertainment Group International Inc, USA and AdRev, USA.

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{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

06-01-2021 om 20:43 geschreven door peter  

Asteroid Impact in Antarctica Leaves Smoldering 2 Mile Long Burn Scar!

Asteroid Impact in Antarctica leaves SMOLDERING 2 mile long BURN Scar!

We are living in very unique, changing times and during these times I have become more than intrigued by these changes and what is causing them. I’m referring to the earth changes, changes in our sun and how the earth’s atmosphere manages this what I believe to be a much different sunlight.

Over the last 10 years I have become very familiar with our planet, the mechanics of it and how it reacts to many different aspects of space weather and many other things as well. I monitor everything from the sea floor to the cosmos and everything in between. I am a full-time Watchman and as these uncertain times move forward I’ve got your back. When you really need to know…you’ll know.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

06-01-2021 om 20:31 geschreven door peter  

Alien Craft Crossing Moon Over Pasay, Philippines Dec 24, 2020, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Dec 24, 2020
Location of sighting: Pasay, Philippines

 

This is one amazing catch. The eyewitness was recording the moon for to give family as a Christmas present when they accident caught something much more exciting...a football shaped craft. Its a thick disk tilted. The object is tilted slightly and is moving across the moon, but is actually in Earths orbit. The object is brownish red and on one side there is a blue color when shadow is added. The blue is the propulsion systems of the alien craft. Although it lasts only 3 seconds, I put it into slow motion and I can clearly see this is not a meteor, asteroid, satellite or space station. This is absolute proof that aliens exist and are orbiting Earth. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

06-01-2021 om 20:21 geschreven door peter  

UFO Travels Through Cloud Near Mesquite, Nevada on Jan 4, 2021, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Jan 4, 2021

Location of sighting: Mesquite, Nevada, USA

 

Watch this video and you will see something absolutely amazing. A stream of cloud forming...first its small and then as it passes through a bigger cloud it grows longer and longer. This is no plane. I use to work on Ellsworth Air Force Base flight line, which is a high security, Strategic Air Command base, and worked on B1 and KC-135 aircraft daily. This is not like any plane or jet that I haver ever seen. This is an alien showing off and having fun leaving our planet. 100% proof that aliens come and they go and America can do nothing to control them. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

06-01-2021 om 20:16 geschreven door peter  

While imaging M-42 the great Nebula in the sword of Orion, Dennis Recia noticed a number of what he suspects are Starlink Satellites going through all of his exposures. 

Although Dennis suggests that it was a train of Starlink satellites he is not sure since he also wonders whether it might have been a UFO. 

It is not the first time that such large objects have been observed near Orion Nebula, so it is quite possible that this object was an interstellar craft rather than Starlink satellites which fly in low orbit.

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

06-01-2021 om 20:09 geschreven door peter  

*must see* Bright UFO over Mesquite, Nevada 4-Jan-2021

This bright UFO was seen and recorded while changing shape in the sky above Mesquite, Nevada. This happened on Monday, 4th January 2021.

Witness report: 

UFO, light orb goes through “cloud“ near Mesquite Nevada. Maybe it’s a jet, but it didn’t have any sound or vapor tail. So??

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

06-01-2021 om 18:49 geschreven door peter  

Most Anticipated Alien Abduction Movie Since Fire In The Sky

Dean Caporella

It’s the most anticipated alien abduction movie since Fire In The Sky.

The Pascagoula Incident involved the abduction of Calvin Parker and Charles Hickson in 1973. It has long been touted to become immortalized on the silver screen.

When we last spoke with Calvin Parker in February, he was confident that a movie would eventually be made.

PASCAGOULA – THE STORY CONTINUES: New Evidence & New Witnesses

By PARKER, CALVIN (Paperback)

$27.00

Rated 4.6 out of 5 by 28 reviewers on Amazon.com

Buy Now

The hold up was a screenplay which would satisfy Parker. He was concerned that the true facts would get lost in the Hollywood spin.

Well, that screenplay now appears completed and ready to go according to publisher Philip Mantle.

Mantle, who runs Flying Disk Press and has been responsible for getting Parker to finally come out and tell the true story about Pascagoula, says there have been several drafts of the screenplay and it now seems that Parker is happy to “pull the trigger” and consent to a movie being made.

Pascagoula Will Be The Perfect Alien Abduction Movie

Like Fire In The Sky, which told of the abduction of Travis Walton, the Pascagoula Incident has all the trappings of the perfect alien abduction movie.

The abduction, the following police investigation and worldwide interest made this one of the most remarkable ufo events since Roswell.

At this stage, it’s still only a screenplay. Mantle says he and Parker are really happy with the final product.

“ While I can’t give away too much regarding the actual content of the screenplay, I can say I’ve had the pleasure of reading it and although I am biased, I have to say that it is top class”.

“If this story is not now turned into a movie or a TV drama series, it will be a travesty. I would like to thank everyone who has supported Calvin Parker since I published his first book in 2018”.

“A lot has happened since then but the final cherry on the cake is the screenplay. There is still a lot of work ahead. I am 100% convinced that we will see this fascinating story told on either the big or small screen sooner rather than later”.

Pascagoula Was A Bizarre Event

The Pascagoula Incident was one of three major alien abduction events in the United States during a four year period in the 1970s.

Pascagoula happened in 1973, the Travis Walton abduction followed in 1975 and the Devil’s Den incident occurred in 1977.

All three were earmarked at some stage to make the silver screen. So far, only Walton’s abduction has been made into a movie. That’s the 1993 production of Fire In The Sky.

Calvin Parker was concerned about the facts being distorted to suit the Hollywood narrative if they came calling about a movie on his abduction event.

It’s fair to say that Fire In The Sky didn’t quite “hit the mark” factually. Travis Walton himself has confirmed this.

Parker has been very deliberate and unmoved in his desire for the facts to be as accurate as possible.

“I’ll admit I don’t think anybody can put a movie out without adding a little something different in it”.

“Now we’re trying to keep the facts right in ours, but you know, they might have to add a different color car”.

“Or maybe something that’s coming down or you have two or three less police officers just to keep budgets down in the movie. I do understand there’s no way a movie can stay true to the exact facts”.

“They have Charlie’s book and they have mine. Now I’m telling the truth as best as I can”.

“I’m a Christian and I believe in God and the truth and what I’m trying to say is, Charlie might have seen something a little different than what I did”.

“But I know what I’m telling is true. There’s no doubt in my mind”.

Fingers Crossed This Alien Abduction Movie Is Made

Parker and Hickson’s stories didn’t deviate much at all. In fact, they were both recorded in the interview room when left there on their own.

When the police listened to it later, they heard two men both scared out of their minds at what had just happened to them. Either they were good actors or their fear was genuine. Most believe the latter.

We spent an hour with Parker earlier in 2020 and he was hopeful that his story would eventually make the big screen.

In the following excerpt from our interview, Parker talks about the possibility that the Pascagoula Incident would become a movie and recounts the abduction event that made world headlines in 1973.

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{ https://arlhub.com/category/knowledge/ }

06-01-2021 om 18:26 geschreven door peter  

What Does Russia Know? Translation and Analysis of a Soviet UFOlogist's Study of Naval Incidents - PART I

 Adam Kehoe

UFOs have returned to the national conversation in the past several years. That conversation has often invoked national security concerns. The recent passage of an omnibus spending package included a Senate request for an unclassified report on the issue. The language reflects palpable anxiety about potential technological developments among competitors.

The report specifically requests the following:

Identification of any incidents or patterns that indicate a potential adversary may have achieved breakthrough aerospace capabilities that could put United States strategic or conventional forces at risk

However, former officials close to the topic emphasize an entirely different concern. They are less worried that the objects might be of Russian or Chinese origin, and more troubled by the possibility that other countries may be ahead in understanding them.

In this analytical formulation, UFOs pose two separate threats. Principally, there is a direct threat of having something unidentified and unknown both in terms of capability and intent in protected airspace. This is the national security issue most focus on, as it is obvious. However, former officials like Luis Elizondo also argue there is a secondary threat that competitor nations could learn something of value from studying these objects. In other words, "potential adversaries" may not have achieved a breakthrough today – but they might in the future, if they can learn something of defense significance from observing UFOs.

This is a dizzying premise for many; it requires us to presuppose that at least some UFOs represent a form of unknown technology. The strategic implication is that countries better positioned to learn from that technology stand a better chance at developing qualitative advantages. Likewise, countries that ignore the issue stand to be "strategically surprised" if a breakthrough is made.

This is a kind of defense equivalent of Pascal's wager. Either UFOs do represent a form of technology, or they don't. If they do, it appears significantly more advanced than known technology based on reports. Studying such reports seriously might lead to advances; ignoring them might lead to falling behind. The cost of studying them if they turn out to be nothing interesting is public ridicule and wasted resources – an arguably small price to pay for a paranoid defense planner raised in the context of the existential threat posed by nuclear weapons.

One logical approach to solving this problem is to discreetly study the issue with a minimum viable set of resources. A small footprint helps keep the issue out of the press, which avoids public ridicule and counterintelligence concerns, and also minimizes resources allocated to something that might not be viable. It also strongly suggests that the UFO programs of other countries would be of high interest. While any country would surely be happy to obtain a qualitative advantage, it is almost as important to deny major advantages to competitors. Secondarily, prosaic UFO sightings often are the result of experimental tests and the like. Tracking UFO sightings simultaneously provides insight into conventional programs while also hedging against the risk that there is actually substance to decades of odd reports.

One implication of this view is that we would expect to see a large number of foreign intelligence programs looking at UFOs. They would likely all be quite small and discreet – not because they are hiding any great secret, but rather because they exist largely as a kind of safeguard or counterweight. They would all be preoccupied and likely anxious about other competitors, and all would have an interest in forwarding conventional intelligence when they can obtain it.

In a previous piece, I set out to examine if there is evidence that foreign intelligence services have actually examined the UFO issue in the first place, let alone made progress in understanding them. I found that several countries have indeed run programs at varying scales. Examples to date include the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Argentina and the former Soviet Union. Direct links to government records from many of these programs can be found here. It turns out that there is indeed a pattern of small programs that tend to suffer from limited resources and authorities.

Significant questions remain as to how well funded and enduring these programs are, however. Luis Elizondo, former head of AATIP, previously expressed concern that competitors may know more than the United States. In an interview for my previous piece, he explained that this concern comes from the level of Russian investment in topics involving parapsychology (often termed "psychotronics" in the Russian context.) Documents released by FOIA did reflect significant concerns about Russian investment in parapsychology from at least the DIA and CIA. However, these concerns lessened by the 1990s in a review of the CIA's own Stargate program.

Dr. Puthoff, a former contractor with AATIP, assessed that the Russians had a large, well-resourced program on the basis of an enigmatic set of documents known as Thread-3. In preparation for this piece, I independently obtained a copy of the Thread-3 documents. After communicating with George Knapp, I learned that he intends to publish them. Given his unique position to verify the provenance of the documents and provide their full context, I will defer to him to make them public and not reproduce them here. However, below I draw upon portions of Thread-3 as a source to examine the claim that the Soviet Union ran a large-scale UFO program.

To date, public Soviet sources have been characteristically difficult to parse. For example, propaganda produced by the Soviet Union neatly played both sides of the narrative, simultaneously treating the subject seriously, while also deriding it as an American obsession that thinly justified inflated defense budgets.

In this piece, I provide notes on my translation of Soviet submariner Vladimir Azhazha's book "Underwater UFOs" (original title: Подводные НЛО) to shed further light on the Russian UFO program. The puzzling book simultaneously provides a great deal of context on the Soviet study of UFOs, as well as multiple theories that strain credulity.

Azhazha is a major source and figure in Soviet UFOlogy. First, he has been publicly recognized as the head of the first Soviet organization dedicated explicitly to the study of UFOs. Secondly, his involvement in the subject began in 1976 – a crucial period for the study of the subject. Azhazha remained a prolific and controversial writer on the UFO after the fall of the Soviet Union.

Notably, Azhazha's book contains a collection of case notes describing naval UFO incidents. The cases comprise 122 discrete incidents, spanning 600 BCE to 2006. I have compiled and translated these cases into a data set, available for the first time in English. They are also available in downloadable CSV format.

While Azhazha's work and data are intriguing, they also requires very strong caveats. Azhazha's presentation of theories in the book often appear ungrounded – even outlandish. They often cite quasi-mythological ideas and conspiracy tropes. It will take a great deal more time and more research attention to carefully examine his case notes. I offer a preliminary examination of two cases here, both involving the GOES-9 satellite system. These two cases involve incidents that appear to have been solved as prosaic by UFO enthusiasts at the time of the incidents. These two cases do not invalidate the other accounts, but they do underscore the need for caution in working with this material.

Despite these glaring issues, much of his account of the Soviet study of UFOs is corroborated – almost verbatim – by other Russian officials involved in the effort. Despite obvious differences in views, "skeptics" and "believers" alike appear to agree that the Soviet Union only superficially appeared to have a massive UFO program from 1976-1990 due to a military policy to record incidents of unusual phenomena. Azhazha and more skeptical officials tell the same story: in reality, the core program was very small and consistently hampered by a lack of resources and a hostile bureaucracy.

A preliminary note on language. I studied Russian briefly in college and have experience with other Slavic languages, but am by no means fluent. Throughout, I have largely relied on translation tools and only provided light editing to fix obvious transliteration errors or minor grammatical problems. In most cases, I deferred to machine translation rather than substituting my own. Due to the possibility of translation issues, I also retained the original Russian so that other researchers can do their own translation and see the original context. The same caveats apply throughout; it is possible I have mistranslated or misunderstood some concepts.

Recap: Who was Vladimir Azhazha?

Before examining Azhazha's book, it is important to revisit key details of his career. A scientist and former submariner, Azhazha was identified as head of a Soviet UFO research group in the early 1990s:

In the previous piece, I also provided an account from Dr. Jacques Vallée of meeting and speaking to Azhazha in the early 1990s. In the span of a few pages, Vallée gives an account of his conversation with Dr. Azhazha about official Soviet interest in the subject:

To learn more, I sought out information about Azhazha's subsequent writing about UFOs. Azhazha wrote at least seven books on the subject. His most recent appears to be "Underwater UFOs" (Подводные НЛО). The book was published along with Evgeny Litvinov. Publication dates vary with various editions; a digital version was published in 2018 and is the primary text I relied on for my translation.

According to Azhazha, his involvement in UFOs formally began around 1976. Azhazha states that in the 1970s Soviet submariners began observing unusual sonar returns that sounded like the croaking of frogs. Sailors apparently described the phenomena as "Квакеры" ("Quakers" perhaps a corruption of "Croakers.")

Initially, the explanation was that this noise was the product of an American anti-sub program or a new system of navigational aids. This explanation was challenged over time, primarily because the sources of the noise seemed to move. Additionally, Soviet defense planners calculated that a mass deployment of a similar technology would require tens of thousands of sources to be effective as an anti-submarine technology. These calculations led some to believe that the "Quakers" were not American technology.

Over time, the "Quakers" also appeared to behave in unusual ways. According to Azhazha, the source of the noise would sometimes appear to follow submarines, modulating the frequency and tone of signals. Attempts to send sonar messages back often provoked reactions. During this period, the Soviet Navy began to explore alternative explanations more seriously. Azhazha concedes that alien life or other exotic causes were not considered by many; the chief competing explanation appears to have been an unusual form of marine life.

Eventually, a Soviet engineer created a simple device that made a similar "croaking" noise in reaction to disturbances. A theory emerged that the "croakers" might be a kind of distributed sensor system. Azhazha admits that American anti-sub deployments often seemed to coincide with observations of the phenomena. The occurrence of the strange sounds appears to have peaked in the 1970s at high latitudes before ultimately becoming rare.

During this period, other accounts of unusual nautical phenomena became more prevalent. Azhazha cites a rash of UFO sightings, often featuring unusual objects coming into or out of bodies of water. According to Azhazha, by 1976 he was invited by Admiral Yuri Ivanov to examine some of these files.

Previously, Azhazha had served as head of scientific expeditions on the research submarine "Severyanka" (Russian: «Северянка»). Independent CIA reporting on Soviet scientific publications confirms his role as chief of expeditions on the submarine:

Given the apparent concern that the "croaker" phenomena could be a form of unusual marine life, it stands to reason that a submariner of Azhazha's background could be involved in investigating the issue. The formal reason for his inclusion was not stated, beyond his general expertise in underwater operations.

Azhazha claims that subsequent events changed the focus of the investigation away from the "Quaker" phenomena. He cites an incident where a cylinder with a length of several hundred meters (200 meters is equivalent to about 650 feet) was reported hovering over the water in a remote region of the Pacific ocean. The object was said to have a silver like color, and appeared to be a "hive-like" host to a large number of smaller objects. These objects periodically would dive into the water before returning into the cylinder. The cylinder then departed at high speed.

Azhazha records a number of other similar events in this period. According to him, a common feature of these incidents was that the object would be visible optically but completely invisible to radar. In several reported incidents, strange objects came extremely close to military vessels and submarines. The book describes some of the most harrowing episodes happening aboard submarines forced to rapidly maneuver to evade collision.

Somewhat mirroring Elizondo's model of the "Five Observables," Azhazha described the objects as "masters of the water as a medium. They feel as confident in the hydrosphere as they do in the atmosphere, stratosphere or space."  

Azhazha writes "The (Russian) Navy's intelligence Department also received reports of UFOs, but they were scattered and random, which did not allow for an overall picture or analysis. It was decided to organize a systematic collection of information about the appearance of UFOs over the waters and in the depths of the sea." Eventually this led to an order providing instructions on how to better report these incidents, titled "Instructions for Observing UFOs from Ships and Vessels" (Russian: «Инструкция по наблюдению НЛО с кораблей и судов»)

Despite the willingness to gather data, Azhazha describes a fraught political and ideological situation. Potentially describing reactions to his own more "exotic" explanations, he remarks: "Attempts to explain this phenomenon were not taken seriously, and scientists who tried to do this were persecuted, accused of dilettantism and profanation of science."

Azhazha further recounts an exchange between Admiral V. N. Chernavin and other high ranking naval officials. An official responsible for political ideology complained that the UFO issue was nonsensical and representative of the kind of "mysticism" that Soviet ideology eschews.

It is vital to recall that under Marxist-Leninist views, religious or mystical belief is considered symptomatic of an oppressive economic order. Marx famously wrote, "Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people." Later, Lenin would write "Atheism is a natural and inseparable part of Marxism, of the theory and practice of scientific socialism." In practice, the issue of faith and pseudoscience were considerably more complex in the Soviet Union. The Soviet military relied on a "commissar" system, involving officers responsible for political and ideological conformity. Essentially, the Admiral was being confronted by a leader of commissars on ideological grounds.

Such conflicts were typically litigated through philosophical and political argumentation. Azhazha claims that the rebuttal from the admiral was as follows:

If we proceed from our Marxist-Leninist philosophy, then the world is boundless, infinite, without beginning and without end, and why not assume that somewhere there is a planet like, say, our Earth, with another, say, level of development - more or less?

Apparently this answer was not well received; the text is somewhat difficult to follow but it appears this political objection caused considerable problems in the implementation of orders to report and observe UFOs.

The issue became more pointed again within Naval circles in October of 1977, when Azhazha recounts being contacted by Soviet intelligence about an incident in the Barents Sea.

According to a duty officer, about 200 miles from the coast in the Barents Sea, a submarine group was overflown by nine unidentified objects approximately the size of a helicopter. Each was described as appearing to be metal disks, aggressively maneuvering for approximately 18 minutes. The crew was unable to communicate by radio with their main base.

This incident appears to have provoked some action. Given the ideological sensitivities however, Azhazha describes authorities as being loathe to use the term "flying saucer" or "unidentified flying object." In a move now familiar to American audiences, the issue was now described as "anomalous phenomena." The original Russian is provided below:

Официальные органы боялись, как черт ладана, не только термина летающие
тарелки, но даже названия неопознанные летающие объекты, и все это драпировалось туманным названием аномальные явления. И инструкция была озаглавлена так: «Методические указания по организации в военно-морском флоте наблюдений аномальных физических явлений»

Though Azhazha focuses heavily on the apparent Barents Sea incident, it was likely less important to overall Soviet society than an event in September of 1977 known as the "Petrozavodsk phenomenon." The controversial phenomena involved mass sightings of unusual light phenomena and sightings over a vast geographic region over northwestern Russia and Finland. The phenomena is considered somewhat controversial, and is frequently explained by the launch of Soviet satellite Kosmos-955 – notably by Boris Sokolov and Yuli Platov, both also involved in the Soviet study of anomalous phenomena.

Sokolov and Platov co-wrote a brief history of the Soviet study of UFOs in this period. Their account is startlingly similar to the language used by Azhazha. In fact, the language is so close, portions appear nearly identical in terms of phrasing. Their piece, including some portions echoed by Azhazha, make a much more skeptical case of the Soviet program. Sokolov and Platov argue that the vast majority of the cases were easily solved, and were the result of mistaken balloons and weapons test programs.

Both Sokolov and Platov were interviewed for an investigative report about UFOlogy by WEWS News Channel 5 in Cleveland. The clip is available above, and largely echoes both Azhazha and Sokolov/Platov's comments about Soviet UFO policy.

According to both Sokolov/Platov and Azhazha, the Petrozavodsk incident provoked a wider study of "anomalous phenomena" at the time. By 1979, a directive was issued to scientific organizations to collect any potential observations of unusual phenomena. By 1980, the directive was extended to military units. Azhazha writes:

This directive allows for the collection of information on UFOs in a huge observation center via the Soviet army, and practically without any financial investment. Every soldier, no matter where he is, without knowing it, becomes one of the potential observers in this program, because in the event of observing any unusual phenomenon, he must report his observations in writing in accordance with an established form.

This "listening post" directive appears to have been an attempt at a low-cost method of collecting data from the Soviet military. This included rules for collecting data on rocket launches and other uses of space technology. Officials with expertise in studying the effects of radiation were appointed high positions in the effort.

According to Azhazha, a small group of four to five people was formed to directly carry out research. Other research problems were allocated to allied institutions as needed. The head scientific organization was the Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN).

My previous piece on international programs described an episode in which the director of the French UFO program contacted a representative of the Soviet Union in 1982. The Soviet government responded with an invitation to contact IZMIRAN. This reference appears to corroborate that IZMIRAN was indeed the lead scientific organization in this period.

Azhazha claims that the program activities ranged from collecting reports of UFO sightings, to analyzing materials and developing theoretical models of "various classes of anomalous phenomena." Importantly, both Azhazha and Platov/Sokolov agree that the funds for the research were allocated from the budget of the organizations involved; no specific funding for research was in place.

Ultimately, the Soviet Academy of Sciences considered three primary hypotheses:

1. UFOs are a product of human activity, i.e. the phenomena are of anthropogenic
   origin.
2. UFOs are the product of natural processes occurring on Earth, in the atmosphere
   Earth and near space.
3. UFOs are a manifestation of the activities of "extraterrestrial civilizations."

Azhazha and Sokolov/Platov note that "UFO" was never accepted in official documents. Instead, the term "anomalous phenomena" was always used. Additionally, the program was kept "closed" to the wider public. This was due to the four reasons:

1. The program was closely aligned with defense issues
2. The perceived "high probability of military-technical origin" of "observed strange phenomena"
3. The relatively frequent association of UFOs with military bases and concentrations of military equipment
4. The high degree of military interest in the specific properties of UFOs, primarily "lack of radar contrast" and high maneuverability.

Although it is unclear if the program was fully secret, Azhazha claims that the state directed minimal media coverage, and publications on UFOs were "recommended" to be sent for review by the Soviet Academy of Sciences. Over the years, the program received different codenames, including "Grid", "Galaxy" and "Horizon." In each case, the program was bifurcated between a military and a scientific component – often suffixed as either "MO" or "AN." According to Azhazha, the program was formally closed by 1990.

"Mythology" or insanity?

The tone of the book pivots sharply as Azhazha moves to providing an enumerated list of incidents and a corresponding analysis of their implications. The translation becomes significantly more complex in these later passages. In the "analytical" portions, it is sometimes unclear when Azhazha is summarizing, recapitulating mythology or making bald assertions.

For example, Azhazha spends considerable time describing "esoteric" theories that features a kind of Atlantean civilization that has partially transcended materiality. In other passages, he seems to argue that the Earth has undergone periods of extensive nuclear war in its deep history. Bewildering sections interpret the Mayan calendar as evidence for a nuclear cataclysm that altered the Earth's rotation.

Other mainstays of conspiracy thinking make appearances, including the supposed "Sphinx" on Mars and supposed lunar structures. In yet more confusing passages, a kind of partial history of a conflict between Venus, Mars and Earth is described. The sprawling theory again touches on Atlantean ideas, as well as incorporation of global myths about dragons. Throughout, there are quasi-spiritual ideas involving evolution and long forgotten environmental shifts. Very little discernible evidence is provided; the sections are frankly difficult to translate and to read.

Sprinkled throughout are occasional "bottom-line" analyses. For instance, Azhazha offers the following comment "I think that our civilization will not live long. Therefore, 'they' seek to slow down our scientific and technological development somewhat and deliberately do not allow us to discover the phenomena on which their technology is based." It is unclear from context whether "they" refers to an extraterrestrial species, an esoteric being of some kind, or a precursor Earth civilization.

Azhazha's Summary

The book is extraordinarily complex to summarize. Instead, I will offer Azhazha's own summary which he provides in nine enumerated points:

1. Azhazha emphasizes again a very large number of ocean-based UFO incidents
2. By Azhazha's estimation, nearly 40% of ocean UFO observations were subsurface. He regards this as evidence that "aliens prefer an aquatic environment...where they feel more secretive and safe."
3. He assesses the "croaker" phenomena to be caused by mobile UFOs that create a shifting, dynamic infrastructure grid. He further asserts the grid has a "psychotronic" aspect that is intended to keep both NATO and Soviet/Russian submarines away. He connects observations of "water columns," "domes of water disturbances", and various nautical light phenomena as also being related to UFOs
4. The occurrence of "aliens" in the ocean coincides with human activity, primarily with respect to the military. There is a preoccupation with nuclear and other weapons testing in the ocean.
5. The most "dense and dangerous contacts" occur near "bases" or "approaches to them." Further, he claims the largest number of "bases" are in the Atlantic ocean
6. The sixth point is somewhat difficult to decipher. Azhazha asserts "the existence of an underwater civilization on Earth has the right to exist." He cites a supposed "international patent" that appears not to exist.
7. Azhazha ponders the existence of truly massive UFOs. He asks why such huge structures would be built. Answering his own question, he writes: "[T]he author of this book has long matured the belief that all civilizations, having reached a certain technological stage of development, create and live in ship-bases, artificially created worlds adapted to any needs of their inhabitants, constantly maintained and improved. Such an artificial world is self-sufficient and does not depend on any planet or physical conditions. It is able to move for as long as it wants, apparently in any environment. 'Flying cities', which are apparently able to move even from one planetary system to another, are also observed over our Earth."
8. Without full transparency about the presence of "aliens on earth" it is impossible to have truly safe surface and subsurface transportation. Azhazha claims another book on this issue of "safety" will be forthcoming.
9. He closes by claiming that in order to ensure "normal coexistence" of human civilization with that "of Another Mind" it is necessary to carry out a large number of preparations. The first among them is a "properly organized planetary xenological education in a number of higher educational institutions." He claims this is already happening in a very complex way in the United States and in Russia, but that it is a separate and convoluted conversation.

Sample Case: GOES-9

To provide a flavor of the cases collected in the book, here are two examples from the early 1990s. Both reference the GOES-9 weather satellite, one of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites.

The cases reference apparently massive objects (350 and 400 kilometer diameters) supposedly captured in satellite imagery:

In 1997, a similar incident was recorded and discussed on email newsgroups. The image below shows a small number of white spots that were apparently interpreted as UFOs at the time:

Contemporaneously, these were identified as likely digital photo artifacts. A UFO researcher noted that the incident seemed to be the result of bad data rather than massive UFOs off the coast of Chile.

Azhazha's source for the earlier observations is not provided. However, it appears possible if not likely that Azhazha simply misinterpreted the data.

References to Azhazha in Thread-3

The "Thread-3" materials obtained by George Knapp and Bryan Gresh in the early 1990s offers a third source on this period. These documents describe the Soviet UFO program and some of its findings, and have never been publicly released. Readers interested in the full background on Thread-3 may find my previous piece of interest.

As mentioned above, I independently obtained a copy of these documents and have begun analyzing them. The documents are similar to Azhazha's book in some respects; they contain many interesting clues and pieces of information, but also contain odd statements and theories. Due to the complexities surrounding them, it is not possible to strictly "vet" these documents. However, I have verified that the copies I received are indeed the same that Knapp and Gresh obtained.

Azhazha is mentioned by name five times in the documents. In the first passage, he is described alongside Felix Zigel (discussed in my earlier piece, as well) as working on UFO problems as early as the 1960s. However, according to these documents most of that work involved making general arguments about the importance of the phenomena and tracking foreign research on the subject – particularly French and American. The narrative in Thread-3 also agrees that the "Petrozavodsk phenomenon" incited a wave of policy changes, as described above.

Azhazha appears again in the documents bearing copies of the "MJ-12" documents that have long circulated among conspiracy theorists. A manuscript of Azhazha's work is subsequently cited in a breathless passage about alleged cosmonaut encounters, and again in another section about aviation incidents. Finally, the documents reference Azhazha's approval as chairman of a group studying UFOs around 1979.

Interestingly, the documents seem to make no mention of the naval and submarine incidents cited by Azhazha. In sum, the Thread-3 material portrays Azhazha as being passionately involved in UFOlogy from an early date – but primarily as a promoter of the subject and conduit to foreign UFOlogists.

Preliminary Conclusions

This piece is not an attempt to exhaustively chronicle the Soviet program – such an effort would require far more translation work and access to sources than is currently practical. However, it does provide several things:

1. Notes on a previously untranslated book from a key figure in Soviet UFOlogy
2. The publication of a small data set of naval encounters
3. Initial cross-comparison with the activity of other governments (notably the aborted French outreach in the early 1980s)
4. Input from the not-yet public Thread-3 material

Taken together, there are a small number of preliminary conclusions:

1. The Soviet program superficially appeared massive due to the military "listening post" policy, but in practice was limited to roughly five or so people with no dedicated budget
2. According to Azhazha, a source known to exaggerate the importance of the topic, the pre-1976 program was scattershot and disorganized with respect to data
3. As in the modern American context, naming proved tricky. Intriguingly, Soviet officials also renamed UFOs to "anomalous phenomena" to make the topic more palatable
4. All sources appear to agree that the "Petrozavodsk phenomenon" was the single most important event in Soviet UFOlogy. There is lingering controversy today over the explanation; Sokolov and Platov contend that it was ultimately caused by a satellite launch.

Overall, the Soviet program appears to fit the strategic mold described above: a minimally resourced program designed to cheaply leverage observational resources as a hedge against there being anything of substance to stranger reports.

Participants like Sokolov and Platov also emphasized the conventional intelligence aspect of their work. Others like Azhazha have made strong claims, but with limited evidence. The program participants often appeared preoccupied with foreign reports, and with the possibility that what they were observing was American technology. They too struggled with the enduring question: who else knows? What do they know?

The preliminary answer seems to be: everyone has these reports in the international community, but no one knows all that much about them.

Appendix A: Bibliography

Given that Soviet and Russian UFOlogy is not well represented in the West, I have included the "literatura" or bibliography provided in the book. Copies of both the original Russian and English are provided, and give some insight into the sources Azhazha relied on:

Russian:

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What Does Russia Know? Translation and Analysis of a Soviet UFOlogist's Study of Naval Incidents - PART II

 Adam Kehoe

English

1. Avinsky V. I. planet of ancient secrets. M: "Your way", 2003.
2. Azhazha V. G., Shnee N. A. Something about UFOs. M: "Samizdat "" 1980.
3. Azhazha V. G. et al. Caution: UFO! M.: series "to Everyone about UFOs", 1991.
4. Azhazha V. G. Under the hood of Another Mind. M.: "RIPOL classic", 2002.
   5.Azhazha V. G. Ufological mystery. Reservation. M.: "AIF-Print", 2002.
5. Azhazha V. G., Zabelyshenskiy V. I. the UFO Phenomenon. Arguments of UFOlogy. M.: "RIPOL classic", 2006.
6. Azhazha V. G. The pursuit of UFOs. M.: "Veche", 2007.
   8.Anistratenko L. A. gravity and UFOs. Kaliningrad: "Yantarny Skaz", 2003.
7. Anomalies and phenomena. Moscow: "Logos-Media", 2002.
8. Atlas of the world. Moscow: FSUE "Cartography", 2003.
9. Basterfill Keith. UFO: theory of reflection. St. Petersburg: "Kopi-Park", 2004.
10. Belimov G. S. Proximity with aliens. Moscow: "RIPOL classic", 2005.
11. binder Ommo. What We Realy Know about Flying Saucers. New York, 1967.
12. Biryuk A.V. UFO-secret blow. M.: "Gamma-Press", 2002.
13. Valle Jacques. Anatomy of a Phenomenon. Chicago: Regnery, 1965.
14. Valle Jacques. Chronicles of the appearance of extraterrestrials. M.: "Kron-Press"., 2000.
15. Vilinbakhov V. B. Evidence of UFOs before 1947. L.: Manuscript, 1980.
16. Vilinbakhov V. B. UFO in our sky. L.: Manuscript, 1982.
17. Von Wittenburg Bernd. Shah to the planet Earth. M.: "New planet", 1998.
18. georgitsa Florin. OZN: O Problem Moderna. Iasi, 1973.
19. Gerstein M. B. On the other side of the UFO. M., St. Petersburg: "Dilya", 2002.
20. Goldberg Bruce. Aliens from the future. Kiev: "Sofia", 1998.
21. Gorbovsky A. A. Riddles on Nay-Starata istoriya. Sofia: "Narodna Prosveta", 1980.
22. Grundman Ryszard, Repetsky Bronislav. The Polish pilots of encounters with UFOs. Krakow, 1999.
23. Gud T. The threat of invasion. Moscow: "Eksmo-Press", 2002.
24. Delyan Dimitr. Seriously about UFOs. Moscow: MAI, 1991.
25. Dotsenko V. D. History of naval art. Moscow: "Eksmo", 2005.
26. Drake Raymond. Gods and aliens in the Ancient East. From the collection "Gods who created heaven and earth". Moscow: "Veche", 2000.
27. Yeltsin M. S., Lebedev N. G. Death of UFO pilots. Kyrgyzstan, 1989.
28. Erin N., Ilyinsky Yu. Amazing secrets of UFOs. M., 1990.
29. Zamoyski Lolly. UFOs. They are already here ... Moscow: "OLMA-Press", 2002.
30. Znih Lusian. Goscie z Rosmosu? Gdansk: KaB., 1980.
31. Karpenko Maxim. The universe is reasonable. Moscow: "World of geography", 1992.
32. Kareva K., Potapov V. V. Great mystical secrets and riddles of the twentieth century. Moscow: "Martin", 2003.
33. Kiel John. UFO: operation "Trojan horse". St. Petersburg: "Interstartservice", 1992.
34. Kehow Donald. Aliens from Space. The Real Story of U. F. O. s. New York, 1973.
35. Kolchin G. K. UFO: facts and documents. L.: GO USSR, 1991.
36. Kolchin G. K. the UFO Phenomenon. View from Russia. St. Petersburg: "Stalker", 1994.
37. Kolchin G. K. the UFO Phenomenon. View from Russia (expanded and revised edition). St. Petersburg: "Likran", 1997.
38. Kuzovkin A. S., Nepomnyashchy N. N. UFO requests landing. M.: "Profizdat", 1991.
39. Kuzovkin A. S., Nepomnyashchy N. N. the Book of secrets-6. M.: "Mystery", 1994.
40. Lesnyakevich Robert. UFO nad granica. Polska, 2000.
41. Lisov G. P. Man-a non-land creature. St. Petersburg: "Shipbuilding", 1994.
42. Litvinov E. P. Reports in the bulletins of the KAYA RGO. St. Petersburg, № 4 (2004), 5 (2006), 6 (2007), 7 (2007), 8, part I and part II (2007).
43. Lorenzen Koral and Jim. UFO s - - - The Whole Story. L.: "Signet Book", 1969.
44. Mcgrave J. History of the UFO problem in Canada. Canada, 1976.
45. Mckampbell James. Ufology. New Insights from Science and Common Sense. 1973.
46. Menzel, Donald. About flying saucers. M.: "Foreign literature", 1962.
47. Mostovich Arnold. We're from outer Space. My Kosmosu. Warszawa, 1972.
48. Nepomnyashchy N. N. XX century: chronicle of the inexplicable. Year after year. (Collection). M.: "Olympus", "AST", 1997
49. Nepomnyashchy N. N. Wanderers of the Universe. M.: "Olympus", "AST", 1998.
50. Nepomnyashchy N. N. XX century: chronicle of the inexplicable. Event after event. M.: "Olympus", "AST", 1998.
51. Nepomnyashchy N. N. Secret files of the FBI. M.: "Veche", 2002.
52. UFO. The origins of truths. (The collection, compiled by Vladimir Avinsky.) Samara: "Alpha", 1991.
53. O'neill Richard. A mysterious phenomenon. A mysterious world. Nizhny Novgorod: "decom", 1995.
54. Occult forces in the USSR. (Collection, compiled by A. Pervushin. ) The head of the "KGB against UFOs". St. Petersburg., 1998.
55. Piens Christian. Les OVNI du passe. Marabout Belgique, 1977.
56. Piccard J., Dietz R. Depth seven miles. 1963.
57. Popovich, M. L. a UFO over the planet Earth. SPb. : GPU, 2003.
58. Potapov V. the Great mystic miracles of the twentieth century. M: "Martin", 2002.
59. Potapov Vladimir the Great mysteries of UFOs the twentieth century. M: "Martin", 2002.
60. The truth about UFOs from the vaults of the KGB ("Blue folder"). M.: "Sliding", 2003.
61. Pravdivtsev V. L. Doc. film-UFO: going under water. Moscow: REN-TV, 2004.
62. Pravdivtsev V. L. Doc. film-Secrets of three oceans: in pursuit of a Ghost. M.: PTP-TV, 2005.
63. Priyma A. K. Meetings with inhumans, M.: "Santax-Press", 1997.
64. Priyma A. K. UFO? Eyewitnesses of the unknown. M.: "Fair", 1997.
65. Rakov A. G. We came in peace. L.: "Lenizdat", 1991.
66. Ricci David. Encyclopedia of UFOs and aliens. M.: "Veche", 1998.
67. Rogozhkin V. Yu. eniologiya. Rostov-on-don, Moscow: "Pantori", 2001.
68. Randle Kevin. Flying saucers-truth or fiction. Moscow: "Kron-Press", 1998.
69. Sanderson Ivan. Invisible residents. New York, 197,.
70. Sanderson A. Tvari. M.: OIT33, 1991.
71. Collection: the Second wave. Rostov-on-don: "enio", 2001.
72. Collection: Fenid. Issue 2. Moscow: "news", 1990.
73. Sobolev V. V. Ancient prophecies from the time of Atlantis to the Apocalypse of Nostradamus. Part two. Chelyabinsk, 1997.
74. Soboleva G. A. et al. Secrets of extraterrestrial civilizations. M.: "RIPOLL classic", 2001.
75. Spat Frank. Secrets of the ocean abyss. M.: "RIPOLL classic", 2004.
76. Steiger brad. Alien Meetings. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1978.
77. Sturrock P. A. The UFO Enigma. New York, 2000.
78. Stevens Wendell. UFO: Contact from Undersea. 1983
79. Tarasov N. I. the Glow of the sea. M.: "Science", 1956.
80. Thompson Richard. Aliens: a view from the depths of centuries, Moscow: "Philosophical book", 1999.
81. trench Brinsley Le Per. Misterios Visitors. London, 1975.
82. Trench, Brinsley Le Pere. Heavenly people. Moscow: "Kron-Press", 1998.
83. Fateev A.V. planet of the doomed. Rostov-on-don: "Phoenix", 1998.
84. Fort Charles. The Books of Charls Fort Holt, 1941.
85. Fort Charles. 1001 forgotten miracles. The book of the damned. St. Petersburg: "LAN", 1997.
86. Hall Richard. The UFO Evidence. Washington, DC: NICAP, 1964.
87. TSGA of the USSR Navy, f. 315, op. 1, d. 519.
88. Chernobrov V. A. encyclopedia of mysterious places of the world. M.: "Veche", 2004.
89. Shigin V. Ghost on the hunt. M.:" Young guard", 2005.
90. Schneider Adolf. Besucher aus dern All Freiburg. 1976.
91. Schneider Adolfi Malthaner Hubert. Das Geheimnis der unbekkannten Flugobjekte. Freibuerg, 1976.
92. Shulman Solomon. Aliens over Russia. M.: "Profizdat", 1990.
93. Shurinov B. A. Paradox of the twentieth century. M.: "International relations", 1990.
94. Andrews George. The aliens are among us. Kharkiv: "family leisure Club", 2002.
95. Encyclopedia of mystery and sensationalism. A mysterious phenomenon. Minsk: "Literature", 1997.
96. Yablokov M. Prisheltsy? They're already here! Moscow: "AiF-Print", 2001.

Appendix B: Naval Cases

The full data set can be downloaded in CSV format below. Note that Azhazha uses an idiosyncratic acronym for UFO in Russian: "ДОП."

Download Dataset

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Carlos Diaz: The Man Who Contacted And Filmed The UFO

One morning in January 1981, Mexican photographer Carlos Diaz pulled into a deserted car park at Ajusco Park near Mexico City. He was on an assignment for a magazine, and had arranged to meet a journalist who was yet to arrive.

Diaz sat in his car, preparing his camera for the job ahead. Although it was early in the morning, the air was thick with humidity which made even sitting still uncomfortable. Impatiently, Diaz began to look at his watch.

Suddenly, his attention was caught by a strange yellow glow coming from the valley below him. At first he thought it was a forest fire, but, an instant later, the source of light revealed itself to be a large, orange, oval-shaped UFO, slowly hovering about 30 metres from his car.

Unable to believe his eyes, Diaz quickly grabbed his camera. With it resting on his steering wheel, he began frantically firing off shots. Then, without warning, the whole car began to shake violently.

Diaz got out of the vehicle and took two more photographs before the craft sped up vertically into the sky, leaving Diaz in a state of shock. This encounter marked the beginning of what was to develop into one of he most fascinating and long-running contactee cases in the history of UFOlogy.

Today, the case remains among a small minority of alledged extraterrestrial encounters to be supported by verified film documentation that has stood up to the scrutiny of a range of experts.

KEY ENCOUNTER

Indeed, the apparent credibility of Diaz’s claims has attracted the attention of some of the world’s top UFO researchers, including German author Michael Hesemann and abduction researcher Dr John Mack. Both concluded that Diaz’s story is completely credible.

Hesemann echoes the views of most researchers when he states: ‘The Carlos Diaz case is the most important case of documented alien-human contact to have emerged in modern times.’ Certainly, at the time of his initial encounter, Diaz little suspected what was to come.

The transition from a run-of-the-mill UFO sighting in an area now acknowledged as a UFO hot-spot, to one of the key cases of recent years did not occur until weeks later. In the days that followed this January sighting, Diaz remained preoccupied by his experience.

Unable to forget what he had seen, he repeatedly returned to the Ajusco Park location, hoping to secure more pictures. After a succession of fruitless visits, Diaz began to think that he was wasting his time. But then, on 23rd of March, his patience was rewarded.

RETURN TRIP

While roaming the greenery, Diaz was again alerted to the presence of a UFO by an orange glow, which he could see only dimly through the fog and rain that had saturated the forest in Ajusco Park. As he climbed up the walls of the valley, he managed to position himself within 45 metres of the object. Diaz watched the ‘craft’ hovering above him, eminating a bright orange light.

It was, he said, dome-shaped with a smooth ring in its centre. This, claimed Diaz, was covered with a number of half spheres, each around one metre in diameter. Crouching behind some rocks, Diaz thought his actions had gone unnoticed, but, as he continued to watch the craft, he felt someone grab his shoulder from behind.

Diaz immediately fainted, and, when he awoke, it was dark and the UFO was gone. He was shocked to discover that, despite heavy rain, his clothes were completely dry. At that point, he knew something strange had happened to him. When he returned to his car, Diaz noticed another car parked in front of him.

At this point, Diaz claimed, a humanoid entity with fair hair approached him and told him that if he wanted to know more about what he had just experienced, he should return to the same spot at noon the following day. Apparently, when Diaz returned the next day, he discovered the same entity sitting on the grass.

Diaz claimed that the being then turned to him and explained that it was he who grabbed his shoulder the previous day. Before leaving, the being also told Diaz that he had come from inside the craft and that Diaz would gradually recover his memory of what had happened while he was unconscious. Sure enough, over the next few months, Diaz’s memory returned, piece by piece.

According to his account, he recalled the craft hovered directly over his head. As he attempted to touch the craft, his hand seemed to pass through the yellow light and he seemed to merge with it. The next thing he recalled was seeing the craft parked on a platform inside a giant cave.

Diaz was filled with awe when he remembered what he had seen inside: ‘It was full of stalagmites, some of which were carved into what appeared to be Mayan sculptures,’ he stated.

‘I saw many people in the cave, some of whom waved to me and, in a state of shock, I waved back.’ Apparantly the being Diaz had encountered in the park then led him to a smaller cave which contained seven glowing, egg-shaped orbs, one of which Diaz was invited to step into. On entering, Diaz could at first only see yellow light.

But then he found himself surrounded by the image of a forest. ‘I could see all the details of the forest as if I was walking through it,’ said Diaz. ‘I couldn’t touch anything, but I could feel the temperature and moisture.

I could see and experience everything, yet I wasn’t physically there.’ His guide then told him that the orbs were also a system for storing information and that certain data had been imparted to him. Diaz was then returned to the ship and, in time, to the park.

CONTINUING CONTACT

According to Diaz, this was only the first of a series of contacts with the same beings, which continue to this day. Since 1981, Diaz has stated that his experience inside the orbs has enabled him to ‘travel’ to different regions of the Earth’s ecosystem – forest, desert, jungle, shoreline, even Arctic areas – with his ET contact.

Through this contact, Diaz claims to have been imbued with an awareness of the interconnectedness of all life and the need to preserve our environment.

To many UFOlogists, especially those who have had their ‘fingers burnt’ by alledged contactees before, these claims may appear far-fetched. However, Diaz is seen by many researchers as a highly reliable source, not least because of the strong body of photographic evidence he has amassed to support his claims.

INDISPUTABLE PROOF?

Mexican TV journalist and UFOlogist Jaime Maussan, who has been at the centre of UFO investigations in Mexico since the wave began in 1991, believes that Diaz’s UFO photographs are among the most impressive he has seen.

Maussan took Diaz’s photographs to Jim Dilettoso, an image processing expert at Village Labs, in Tucson, Arizona, who concluded they were genuine. After satisfying himself he was not dealing with a hoaxer, Maussan visited Diaz at his hime in Tepoztlan, Mexico. There, he spoke to a number of other witnesses who claimed to have seen exactly the same type of UFO.

The apparent credibility of the Diaz case has also attracted UFO researchers from further afield, who have attempted to glean insights into the alien agenda from Diaz’s contactee claims. German author Michael Hesemann, who first interviewed Diaz in June 1994, is convinced of the credibility of Diaz’s story.

‘Not only is he contacting these beings through encounters on the ships,’ says Hesemann, ‘but he claims to be meeting these beings socially, since he believes some of them are living among us.’ However Hesemann explains that, according to Diaz, the beings are reluctant to fully disclose their origins.

‘Apparently,’ says Hesemann, ‘they did, however, explain that they have been visiting Earth for thousands of years, and are particularly interested in our evolution which, compared to their own, has happened at a much faster rate. They are trying to learn why.’

Another UFO researcher intrigued by Diaz’s case is Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, John Mack. Mack has a long history of dealing with abductees and contactees and believes that the Diaz case is among the most convincing he has come across.

In his book Passport to the Cosmos, he states: ‘Out of all the experiencers I have worked with, it is Carlos Diaz who seems to have developed the richest understanding of the interconnected web of nature. Diaz’s experience of connecting with living creatures is so intense that he seems literally to become the thing he is describing.’

Diaz’s experience, Mack claims constitutes an ‘awakening’, a process which, he says, is common in abductees. Diaz told Mack that his contact with the ETs had instilled in him a need to preserve the environment and the ability to ‘enjoy a beautiful planet’.

Whether or not an extraterrestrial influence was involved, Diaz’s new-found concern for the environment has certainly become a driving force in his life. he has repeatedly and passionately conveyed this environmental warning publicly, most notably at a UFO conference in Dusseldorf, Germany in 1995.

Diaz has revealed that he had been informed through his contacts that the civilization of the visiting extraterrestrial, like ours, had been threatened by its own history of destruction, but had somehow managed to survive.

He remains convinced that his contacts’ disturbing prediction for our future is only too real – a prediction that states with near certainty that humanity, on its current course, is headed for total extinction.

ALIEN MESSENGER

This outspokenness, coupled with the public nature of his experience, has le Diaz to assume visionary status in both his home town of Tepoztlan and UFO circles. however, Diaz has been quick to dispute this, claiming that he is not a unique visionary, but merely ‘a messenger’.

The real nature of Diaz’s current incarnation aside, for many UFOlogists, the Diaz case remains among the most convincing on record. Indeed, few UFO reports exist that boast such impressive and abundant photographic evidence. And fewer still have emerged that have stood up to the scrutiny applied to Diaz’s images.

PERFECT PICTURES

Expert analysis of Carlos Diaz’s UFO pictures has been extremely thorough. Mexican UFOlogist Jaime Maussan gave the original transparencies to Professor Victor Quesada at the Polytechnical Institute of the University of Mexico for examination.

Quesada stated: ‘We were shocked to discover that the spectrum of light from the object was unlike anything we have ever seen, it broke all previous parameters and didn’t match anything in our data banks.

The light was extraordinarily intense. There was no evidence of superimposition or a hoax. We estimated the object to be around 30 to 50 metres in diameter.’ Interestingly, the photographs were also analysed by Dr Robert Nathan at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California. Nathan, a notorious UFO sceptic, stated that he could find no evidence of a fake.

Certainly, for many who have examined the three images, the first shot is the most impressive. In it, the orange glowing craft can be seen through the windshield of the car, and light from the object is reflected both off the car’s bonnet and off the metal guard rail by the side of the road. These, in particular, are details that experts claim are extremely difficult to fake.

VIDEO EVIDENCE

Mexican UFOlogist Jaime Maussan was so intrigued by Carlos Diaz’s account of his experiences that he provided him with a video camera and asked him to see if he could record the UFO on tape when it next appeared. A few weeks later, Diaz awoke at 5 a.m. and grabbed his camera. He walked out and waited.

Apparently, within minutes, the craft appeared and hovered over the house, where Diaz filmed it. When Maussan saw the remarkable footage, he asked Diaz if he could get even closer to the craft while filming. Two months later, Diaz was once again able to film the craft, which this time hovered directly above him, without moving.

However it is Diaz’s third attempt to capture the craft on video that is the most spectacular. In this footage, Diaz having mounted his camera on a tripod, walks to the bottom of a field waving a flash light.

Responding to this, the craft suddenly materializes directly above Diaz’s head and sends beams of light down towards him. Then, the unidentified object remains motionless for 30 seconds, before blinking out. It is universally recognized that this video contains some of the best UFO footage ever taken.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

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06-01-2021 om 16:55 geschreven door peter  

UFO That Crashed In Roswell May Have Already Been Seen In Canada

It was already a humid summer, and on July 8, 1947, things had only managed to get hotter in the American Southwest.

Walter Haut, an Army Air Field public relations officer stationed near Roswell, New Mexico, had released a rather odd statement to the press, even for the summer of 1947: in short, Haut claimed that the field’s 509th Operations Group had managed to capture one of the curious “flying disks” that had been making news headlines throughout the Western world.

The object, according to Haut’s statement, had crashed landed at a ranch near the town of Roswell, owned by a local foreman named Mac Brazel.

At very least, this had been the initial story, for later that same day Roger Ramey, Commanding General of the Eighth Air Force, had changed the official story, and now insisted that the object retrieved by the 509th had merely been a “weather balloon.”

The claim would exist in infamy within UFO circles, and for years afterward, serious ufologists and conspiracy theorists would continue to ask whether the story of meteorological balloons recovered at Brazel’s ranch withstood the evidence provided by other witnesses to the bizarre events at Roswell, New Mexico, which seemed to indicate an encounter with something not of this world.

And all the while, though the Roswell incident would represent, along with pilot Kenneth Arnold’s encounter with strange flying objects over Mount Rainier one month earlier, a new era of clandestine avionics known as Ufology, there were similar reports emanating from Canada around the same time that, while less popular, would nonetheless manage to still raise a few eyebrows even today.

On July 3, 1947, just days before the report of the alleged object that crashed in New Mexico, the following report of an “unidentified flying object” was brought to the attention of the commanding officer of a local RCAF base, as compiled by Air Commodore W.W. Brown (whose signature appears near the bottom of the original memo).

The information was supplied by the Summerside Detachment of the RCMP, and confirmed by the Summerside reporter for the area Charlottetown Guardian. The memo reads as follows:

“Brenton Clark, a farmer in the vicinity of Augustive Cove, saw an object at approximately 10,000 ft east of his position moving southward at high speed. The time was approximately 17:45 hrs AST 3 Jul 47. It maintained level flight for some distance and then apparently dived earthward leaving a trail (apparently a vapor trail) behind it. After the object had disappeared the trail remained for some time. The object was round shaped and at the estimated distance appeared to be the “size of an apple”. It appeared to resemble a shooting star and there was a considerable reflection of light.”

The above report was confirmed by a local reporter who advised that he was informed by James Harris, a farmer in the vicinity of Summerside PEI, that he (Harris) and his hired man, Herman Linkletter, had seen an object in the same general position at the same time.

It was moving southwestward and there was such a brilliant reflection from it that its shape was indiscernible. It was visible for approximately ten seconds.

The object, while reminiscent of a falling star, is described here as being circular in shape, according to one witness account. All those who witnessed the craft said it left a vapor trail, and that the object was visible for only a few seconds, with the vapor trail remaining apparent behind it in the air for much longer.

All parties stated that the object seemed to reflect daylight as it traveled. But perhaps most compelling of all had been the fact that the object–whatever it had been–seemed to move parallel to the ground for a time, and then shoot off in the direction of the ground after that.

While we can’t assume that the craft had crashed like it’s anomalous vehicular cousin allegedly did at Roswell a few days later, it certainly makes the multiple witness report detailed above a bit more compelling (and in fact, there were other official Canadian UFO reports around the same time, such as this one, though it seems likely in the latter instance that the craft had likely been a meteor).

So what was the mystery object seen over Canada only days before the alleged crash of an object, reported by Air Force officials at Roswell, New Mexico as a “flying disc” just a few days later?

By Mi }cah Hanks

{ https://anomalien.com/ }

06-01-2021 om 16:11 geschreven door peter  

What Happened To Ancient Civilization That Lived On Venus Billion Years Ago

We all know that Earth is the only planet in our solar system where intelligent life exists. But some people seriously believe that life can be extraterrestrial. Most often, not only science fiction writers but also scientists make an assumption that life is likely to be on Mars.

This probe took a huge number of images of the Venus’ surface, and till today, these photos have made scientists scratch their heads. There were photos that depicted a winding canal with a length of more than 600 kilometers that resembled the fragments of ancient rivers that evaporated, like the atmosphere of Venus itself.

Nevertheless, a study of the soil of this planets showed that these channels were created much later than the rest of the relief of the planet

• Read also: An Asteroid the Size of The Empire State Building Can Hit Earth In Next 100 Years

Some researchers generally put forward fantastic theories and say that these channels are nothing more than roads that were created not by nature, but by some kind of civilization.

Some experts believe that intelligent life and even a whole race could once exist on Venus. Researchers have long proved that once Venus was very similar to our planet.

Even later, scientists again took pictures that depicted the silhouettes of the most real pyramids and a structure resembling the Sphinx, as in the Egyptian Giza.

Scientists saw the same pyramids on the surface of Mars and the Moon. So, is it possible to compare all these structures and say that on these planets, there once existed an intelligent race? Perhaps even the same one that once built the pyramids on Earth and then flew to other planets.

The past of the most beautiful planet in the solar system.

Already in our time, in 2003, another probe sent to Venus confirmed during the study of reliefs and soil that earlier, this planet had been covered by a huge ocean, and in an atmosphere that almost evaporated, traces of helium and nitrogen, as well as other elements were found that previously had been met only on Earth.

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

06-01-2021 om 15:59 geschreven door peter  

06-01-2021 om 15:37 geschreven door peter  

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06-01-2021 om 15:10 geschreven door peter  

British Woman Terrified After Seeing UFO With Two Nordic-Like Figures, Hovering Over Her Home In 1954

In 1954, a British woman named Jessie Roestenberg claimed to had seen a disc-shaped flying saucer of aluminum color, hovering over her cottage near Staffordshire. She also saw two Nordic figures that were sitting in the craft.

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• US Astronaut Saw 100s Of UFOs In Germany & Filmed UFO Landing In California, 1957
• Japanese Boeing 747 Encountered Gigantic Spaceship For 50 Mins Over The Sky Of Alaska In 1986
• US Air Force Officer Pulled into UFO By Serpentine Arm In New Mexico Desert In 1956

Jessie Roestenberg, a wife of a young Dutchman named Tony lived with their two sons and a daughter in a small cottage at Vicarage Farm, Ranton, near Staffordshire, UK. It was a very remote area, and they had no electricity and indoor plumbing.

On October 21, 1954, at around 4:45 pm, she was inside her house with her 2-year old daughter Karin. Her two sons, Anthony (8) and Ronald (6) were playing outside in the garden. Suddenly, she heard a loud sound like an aircraft crash. As she stepped out, her sons were terrified and shouting: “Mommy, Mommy, there’s a flying saucer.” She saw a round UFO that was hovering above them.

The woman stated that the front part of the object was transparent, and she could see two human-like figures inside it. She described them as Nordics with long hair and long faces. Jessie saw them wearing a tight-fitting blue suits, and their heads were in transparent helmets.

According to Express and Star, she told reporters that the UFO circled the house two times before it flew away at a high speed. She noted that the two creatures had pitiful faces.

“The boys were so terrified that they would not go out again last night,” she said. “The dog was nowhere to be seen. I think it must have bolted.”

Researcher Gavin Gibbons who investigated the Roestenberg case wrote in his book “The Coming of the Space Ships

‘ by Gavin Gibbons” the following:

“When I visited the Roestenberg’s house almost three weeks after the sighting…Jessie Roestenberg appeared. She seemed highly strained and nervous and her husband, coming in later, was also very strained. It was evident that something most unusual had occurred.”

Originally, Gibbons was a linguist and scholar. He called the flying saucers extraterrestrial space ships. He used the Sanskrit term “Vimanas” for the disc-shaped scout craft and “Vunu” for cigar-shaped UFOs.

In Gibbons’ opinion, Jessie encountered the UFO with aliens just like George Adamski had described. But the series of UFO encounters did not stop there.

Interestingly, Tony Roestenberg saw something unusual on the following Sunday (24 Oct), when he climbed the roof of his house. He saw a high-speed cigar-shaped UFO suddenly disappeared into the clouds. Another incident happened on December 15, 1954. Tony saw a bright ball, flying very silently in the sky. First, he measured the length of the UFO with his arm which was around two to three inches. But when he went to the other side of his house, its length was about 18 inches. The fireball was moving very slow at a low altitude. After some time, he heard the sound of an airplane, coming from the east. As the plane approached closer, the fireball flew away at an incredibly high speed, disappearing in no time.

Gibbons visited the Roestenbergs at their new home in Stafford many times in 1955, and he was assured that there was no motive for a hoax. They looked happy in the new house, and when Gibbons asked why they had left the old house, Tony replied that since the first UFO incident had happened, the house became haunted for them.

Here is the short clip of Jessie Roestenberg (aged 90) shot by John Hanson in 2015.

References:

• http://www.beamsinvestigations.org/1954%20Ranton,%20Staffordshire,%20UK%20Witness%20of%20Aliens%20in%20Flying%20Saucer.htm
• https://www.blueblurrylines.com/2018/10/jessie-roestenburgs-1954-ufo-encounter.html

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06-01-2021 om 15:00 geschreven door peter