Study finds plastic particles in human organs, raising health concerns

Plastics are everywhere, even in you.

 by Fermin Koop

{ https://www.zmescience.com/ }

21-08-2020 om 02:06 geschreven door peter  

View larger. | Sand dunes and ripples in Proctor Crater on Mars, as seen by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter on February 9, 2009.

Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ Univ. of Arizona.

Mars is a dry desert world, covered in reddish sand. In our lifetimes, spacecraft have revealed its amazing scenery and sweeping landscapes. It’s a world at once reminiscent of Earth, yet alien and strange. This week, to celebrate the launch of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 15 years ago, NASA has shared some of the orbiter’s most breathtaking images. We found these images very beautiful and think you will, too, whether you’re a Mars aficionado or a newbie.

The Mars Reconnaussance Orbiter (MRO) has three cameras: The Mars Color Imager (MARCI), which has a fisheye lens for a daily global view of the planet; the Context Camera (CTX), which provides 19-mile-wide (30-kilometer-wide) black-and-white terrain shots; and the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE), which produces the beautiful and jaw-dropping images that MRO has become famous for. HiRISE takes the highest-resolution orbital images of the Martian surface ever obtained, and in full color. They show sand dunes, avalanches, craters, dust devils, old river and lake beds, mountains, gullies and more in exquisite detail. MRO has even been able to photograph rovers such as Curiosity and Opportunity, on the planet far below. It has also photographed the two small Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos.

The image at top of the sand dune and ripples in Proctor Crater is in enhanced color to bring out details. Like other images of still-active sand dunes, it shows that Mars isn’t a completely inactive, motionless world. Leslie Tamppari, MRO deputy project scientist at JPL, said in a statement:

The more we look, the more we discover. Before MRO, it wasn’t clear what on Mars really changed, if anything. We thought the atmosphere was so thin that there was almost no sand motion and most dune movement happened in the ancient past.

View larger. | Recurring slope lineae (RSL) in a crater in Valles Marineris.

Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ Univ. of Arizona.

In the image above, we see dark streaks, called recurring slope lineae (RSL), on a steep crater wall in Valles Marineris. There is still much debate as to whether those might be small streams of briny liquid water.

MRO has also watched dust storms on Mars, as seen in the image below. Most storms are fairly small and regional, but others can grow to encompass the entire planet, about once or twice a decade. These are called “planet-encircling dust events.” MARCI took the images in the summer of 2018. This was the storm that darkened the skies over the Opportunity rover and caused it to run out of power from its solar panels.

In the view from May, we see the Valles Marineris chasms (left), Meridiani Planum (center), an autumn dust storm in Acidalia Planitia (top) and the early spring south polar cap (bottom). The same regions are in the view from July, but completely obscured by dust.

View larger. | Global dust storm seen by MRO in the summer of 2018 (right).

Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ MSSS.

Dust storms aren’t the only dusty phenomenon that MRO has seen. The next image below is a good example of a serpent-like dust devil, captured on February 16, 2012. The image was taken in a late spring afternoon in the Amazonis Planitia region of northern Mars.

The plume is about 98 feet (30 meters) in diameter, and based on the length of the shadow, is more than half a mile (800 meters) tall!

A westerly breeze created the S-like arc in the plume. Just like on Earth, Martian winds get their energy from the sun, even though Mars is much farther from the sun than Earth. Even though winds have lessened this time of year, they are still strong enough to produce dust devils like this one.

Dust devils have also been seen up close on the ground by the rovers Opportunity, Spirit and Curiosity.

View larger. | A twisting dust devil in the Amazonis Planitia region of northern Mars.

Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ Univ. of Arizona.

Dust storms and dust devils aren’t the only way that Mars is still active. Avalanches are another common occurrence, especially when seasonal ice vaporizes in the warmer spring.

In the image below, taken on May 29, 2019, MRO captured avalanches on 1,640-foot-tall (500-meter-tall) cliffs at Mars’ north pole. The avalanches also had the effect of exposing hidden layers of ice and dust in the cliffs, going back millions of years or more. For scientists, these layers are like reading the book of Mars’ history, providing clues as to how the environment changed in the region over time.

View larger. | Avalanches on steep cliffs near the martian north pole on May 29, 2019.

Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ Univ. of Arizona.

Another thing that MRO is good at is finding new craters. Such “fresh” craters can be identified by the new-looking ejecta blanket of rocky debris around them. Many more of these can be seen on Mars due to the planet’s very thin atmosphere, which doesn’t burn up larger meteors as easily as Earth’s atmosphere. More of them therefore actually impact the planet.

MRO has found over 800 new impact craters so far during its mission. The one pictured below is about 98 feet (30 meters) across. The impact was strong enough to throw ejecta as far as 9.3 miles (15 km).

On Mars, craters also last much longer than they do on Earth, again because of the thin atmosphere that erodes them more slowly.

View larger. | A new impact crater, spotted by MRO on November 19, 2013.

Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ Univ. of Arizona.

MRO has been orbiting Mars since 2006, and has taken no less than 6,882,204 images, generating 194 terabytes of data. Those views of the red planet have helped to revolutionize our knowledge about this familiar yet alien world.

MRO has also taken images of mud volcanoes, and a recent study showed that mud which flows from them will flow in a manner similar to lava on Earth.

As well as taking incredible images, MRO also studies Mars with multiple other instruments. It measures the temperature of the atmosphere and dust and water vapor using Mars Climate Sounder (MCS), peers beneath the surface with radar using Shallow Radar (SHARAD) and analyzes different minerals on the surface in rocks and sand with the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM).

View larger. | NASA’s Curiosity rover in Gale Crater, as seen by MRO from orbit.

Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ Univ. of Arizona.

View larger. | Mars’ largest moon Phobos, as seen by MRO on March 23, 2008.

Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ Univ. of Arizona.

View larger. | Conical hills thought to be mud volcanoes, in Coprates Chasma on Mars, photographed by MRO.

Image via Petr Bro¸/ MRO/ NASA/ JPL/ University of Arizona/ The Conversation.

View larger. | Enhanced-color image from MRO of the future landing site of the Perseverance rover in Jezero Crater in February 2021. An ancient river delta is still clearly visible.

Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ ASU.

The images sent back by MRO have been some of the most incredible of any planetary mission, and are the perfect way to celebrate the 15th anniversary of the launch. Along with all the other data to date, they have forever changed our view and understanding of the red planet.

More information about MRO is available on the mission website. Check out the HiRISE website for many thousand more images! You can even make a request for the spacecraft to take images of specific targets.

• Bottom line: NASA has posted amazing photos of Mars to celebrate the 15th anniversary of the launch of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.
• Via Jet Propulsion Laboratory
  

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{ https://earthsky.org/ }

21-08-2020 om 01:35 geschreven door peter  

The mysterious “bag” of the Gods: represented in Sumeria, America and Göbekli Tepe

The mysterious purse of the gods displayed by various ancient civilizations separated by more than 12,700 kilometers apart, from Sumer to Mesoamerica.

This mysterious bag is observed in sculptures and bas-reliefs of Sumeria of 6,000 years ago (the Anunnaki carried it) and in the temple of Göbekli Tepe of the millennium 10 BC. C. It is also carried by Mesoamerican deities (the Olmecs, Toltecs, Aztecs , etc.) and Australia . Its symbology is enigmatic, it could represent a type of universal standard weight measure or be part of the equipment of alien gods with futuristic technology.

The mysterious purse of the Gods: paradigmatic pictographs

The Sumerians from the beginning of their civilization in 4,500 BC. They portrayed the Anunnaki with peculiar artifacts , such as the pine cone , a type of “wrist watch” and this mysterious bag . Many pictographs show a winged god holding a pine cone in one hand and the divine purse in the other.

Other images show Adapa, Dagon or the fish god Oannes holding it. This aquatic god emerged from the waters of the Persian Gulf and founded civilizations , according to Mesopotamian mythology. 12,700 kilometers away , in Mesoamerica, sculptures of the Mayans, Aztecs, Toltecs and Olmecs show the same artifact.

The most prominent Mesoamerican example is from the Olmecs , at the La Venta archaeological site in Mexico . There is a stone engraving of the god Quetzalcoatl holding the same bag of the gods that the Anunnaki carried . This site was founded in 1750 BC.

Atlanteans of Tula and Göbekli Tepe

Another impressive example is in the monumental Toltec statues of the Atlanteans of Tula (in Tula, Mexico). They are representative warriors of Quetzalcóatl and carry the enigmatic contraption, although it is thought to be an atlat or dart thrower .

In Göbekli Tepe we found it. This massive temple located in Turkey  is considered the oldest in history , from the 10th millennium BC. C. The artifact appears on Pillar 43 , in a row of three bags and on figures of animals such as birds and snakes.

Also tribes of ancient Australia painted images of this bag of the gods, in addition to the Native Americans of California , United States, mainly for the Coso petroglyphs . It should be noted that in Ancient Egypt a similar device is noted: the ankh or Egyptian cross , which is loaded in a similar way.

Symbol of a standard weight?

According to the book Ice Age Language: Translations, Grammar and Vocabulary by Dr. Robert Duncan-Enzmann and Jay R. Snyder, the symbol on the bag expresses a standard weight , a standard of weighing. This “standard weight” also denotes a “weight of authority” or “weight of power” , as it was always drawn being held by the Anunnaki or by Sumerian kings (authorities with power).

Another more futuristic explanation is in that of the ancient astronauts , that these artifacts could have been bags for cosmonaut equipment , since they are similar to those used today and because those ancestral gods were celestial travelers .

The interpretation of the standard weight makes sense but does not explain why various ancient civilizations of the world engraved the same bag of the gods . You might think that the Anunnaki and the ancient gods of places like Mexico, Guatemala, North America and Australia were the same deities .

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{ https://mysteriousthing.com/ }

21-08-2020 om 00:48 geschreven door peter  

Japan's Hayabusa2 asteroid sample-return capsule cleared for landing in Australia

By Meghan Bartels  

It arrives with samples of asteroid Ryugu on Dec. 6.

An artist's depiction of the Hayabusa2 spacecraft at the asteroid Ryugu.

(Image: © JAXA/Akihiro Ikeshita)

Japan's asteroid-sampling mission is officially clear to return its precious cargo to Australia in December, according to statements from both countries' governments.

The Hayabusa2 spacecraft is trekking back to Earth with a sample capsule full of material snagged from a near-Earth asteroid called Ryugu. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), which runs the mission, has long planned to deposit that capsule in the vast desert of Australia, but the new announcement marks that country's official approval of the plan.

"I am delighted to have given the tick of approval for the Hayabusa2 to land at the Woomera Prohibited Area and am thrilled JAXA has chosen to partner with us on the capsule's re-entry," Karen Andrews, Australia's Minister for Industry, Science and Technology, said in a statement. "This mission is a very important scientific and technical feat, as the first ever sub-surface asteroid sample to be returned to Earth."

• Related: Touchdown! Incredible photos show 2nd asteroid landing by Japan's Hayabusa2

Over the course of its stay at Ryugu, Hayabusa2 collected samples from the asteroid's rocky surface, shot the asteroid to create an artificial crater, and collected some of the subsurface material uncovered by that impact as well. The diversity of samples means that scientists will be able to learn more about Ryugu's interior and how it has responded to the harsh forces of outer space, like the solar wind, a constant stream of highly energized particles called plasma flowing off the sun.

But even with advanced spacecraft, scientists can always do more detailed analyses in laboratories on Earth, hence the need to land that capsule. Hayabusa2's predecessor, another asteroid sample-return mission called Hayabusa that visited a space rock called Itokawa, also returned its material to Australia, and the current mission will follow suit, with the deposit scheduled for Dec. 6.

"The approval to carry out the re-entry and recovery operations of the Hayabusa2 return sample capsule is a significant milestone. We would like to express our sincere gratitude for the support of the Australian government as well as multiple organizations in Australia for their cooperation," JAXA president Hiroshi Yamakawa said in a statement. "We will continue to prepare for the successful mission in December 2020 in close cooperation with the Australian government."

However, unlike Hayabusa, the current spacecraft will not return in full; it will only deposit a sample capsule back to Earth. JAXA is evaluating sending the Hayabusa2 probe on to visit a second asteroid about a decade from now.

Email Meghan Bartels at mbartels@space.com or follow her on Twitter @meghanbartels. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.

{ https://www.space.com/ }

21-08-2020 om 00:22 geschreven door peter  

Astronomers bounced a laser off a spacecraft whirling around the moon

{ https://www.space.com/ }

20-08-2020 om 23:58 geschreven door peter  

Asteroid flyby: How Earth's gravity changed record-breaking space rock's path forever

By Mike Wall 

Take that, asteroid 2020 QG!

The circled streak in the center of this image is asteroid 2020 QG, which came closer to Earth than any other non-impacting asteroid on record. It was detected by the Zwicky Transient Facility on Sunday (Aug. 16), six hours after its closest approach, which took place that day at 12:08 a.m. EDT (Saturday, Aug. 15 at 9:08 p.m. PDT).

(Image: © ZTF/Caltech Optical Observatories)

The record-breaking asteroid 2020 QG won't soon forget its run-in with Earth.

Early Sunday morning (Aug. 16), the car-sized 2020 QG zoomed just 1,830 miles (2,950 kilometers) above the Indian Ocean, making the closest known flyby by an asteroid that didn't end up slamming into our planet.

Though 2020 QG survived the encounter, its path through space was altered significantly, scientists said.

• Related: Famous asteroid flybys and close calls (infographic)

"It's really cool to see a small asteroid come by this close, because we can see the Earth's gravity dramatically bend its trajectory," Paul Chodas, director of the Center for Near-Earth Object Studies at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, said in a statement. "Our calculations show that this asteroid got turned by 45 degrees or so as it swung by our planet."

Researchers didn't learn of 2020 QG's existence until the Zwicky Transient Facility, a survey telescope in Southern California funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation and NASA, captured an image of the asteroid zooming away from Earth, six hours after closest approach.

That image shows 2020 QG as a blurry streak — no surprise, considering that the space rock was rocketing along at about 29,000 mph (46,700 kph). As speedy as that is, it's a little slower than average for a near-Earth asteroid, Chodas said.

There are many millions of near-Earth asteroids out there about the same size as 2020 QG, which is thought to be 10 to 20 feet (3 to 6 meters) wide. Such tiny space rocks are very hard to detect, but they pose no danger to life on Earth.

"If it [2020 QG] had actually been on an impact trajectory, it would likely have become a fireball as it broke up in Earth's atmosphere, which happens several times a year," NASA officials wrote in the same statement. (Fireballs are meteors that blaze more brightly than Venus in our skies.)

Big asteroids are a bit worrisome, however. For example, scientists think a 6-mile-wide (10 km) space rock did in the dinosaurs when it barreled into Earth 66 million years ago. 

NASA has found and tracked more than 95% of the mountain-sized asteroids in Earth's neighborhood, and none of them pose an impact risk in the foreseeable future. The space agency is currently working to compile a similarly comprehensive catalog of the near-Earth asteroids at least 460 feet (140 m) wide, which would do devastating damage on a regional scale if they hit.

Such work has practical applications beyond simply warning people about an impending impact. With enough notice — at least a few years, preferably — humanity could deflect an incoming asteroid, experts say.

Mike Wall is the author of "Out There" (Grand Central Publishing, 2018; illustrated by Karl Tate), a book about the search for alien life. Follow him on Twitter @michaeldwall. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom or Facebook. 

{ https://www.space.com/ }

20-08-2020 om 23:49 geschreven door peter  

Photo: Department of Defense/Department of Defense

While The New York Times dances in and around the linked stories of the USS Nimitz Tic Tac UFOs seen and recorded by military pilots and the Pentagon’s announcement that it still has a funded investigation group that may or may not have pieces of non-human-made objects, Salon has followed a different path and talked to camera experts and experts in how humans think who debate the “I’m not saying it’s humans … but it’s humans” side of the discussion. Let’s hear what they have to say, courtesy of Salon.

“What looks like great speed and wild maneuvers is just a common optical illusion combined with the effects of the FLIR’s gimbal and glare filter.”

“The object you’re seeing is a single point of heat from an unidentified plane, probably a distant commercial jet, flying away from the F-18. The camera is looking out the side of the F-18 which is speeding past nearby clouds, making the object appear to be moving relative to the clouds.”

Still image from the footage of the “tic-tac” UFO

Brian Dunning is the controversial host of the Skeptoid podcast and he believes FLIR (Forward-Looking InfraRed) cameras are known to create optical illusions – as all cameras are, which is why this is a common refute of many videos of UFOs, particularly orbs and faraway cylinders.

“When people look at those kinds of videos and the reaction of the pilots, for example, I think that’s often also used to give them more credibility with these expert pilots, often military pilots, commenting on the behavior of the shifts.”

Timothy Caulfield, a host of “A User’s Guide to Cheating Death,” refers to the Occam’s razor principle which states that the simpler of two explanations (in the Tic Tac case, that they are non-Earth UFOs) is generally more likely to be correct, and it is bolstered in this case by the fact that it’s presented by respected military pilots. From this writer’s standpoint, while interesting, this seems to be more opinion than fact. Dunning defends his position.

“Two words: Sensationalism sells. Nobody is excited about the artifacts of the FLIR glare filter; everyone is excited about the prospect of the Pentagon hiding the ‘truth about aliens.'” Humans are hardwired for anecdotal thinking. Our brains gravitate toward the simple and the desirable, and away from the complicated and the boring.”

Alexander Wendt, a ufologist and international relations professor at Ohio State University, sticks up for the pilots and makes an interesting observation about the Navy response.

“I challenge anybody to do better than the Navy to explain what’s in those videos. If the Navy couldn’t do it… they had every reason to want this off their plate.”

Wendt thinks the Navy was hoping for an easy “Case closed” but the obvious stress of the credible pilots wouldn’t let their explanation be the “Occam’s razor” one, even if it was correct. Ohio State University professor and political scientist Thomas Wood seems to agree, citing the long-lasting yet non-scientific support the general public has for UFO conspiracy theories.

“If you look at the data on public opinion on this, it is really sort of incredible. The American public fascination with UFOs is one of the very durable conspiracy theories in the American public’s imagination.”

So, this Salon debate ultimately boils down to a fact about FLIR camera as versus a fact about the innate human preference for the simple explanation. In the end, without a sophisticated recreation of the Nimitz sighting in identical circumstances and lighting with identical cameras – a scientific test, in other words – Dunning loses the round to human nature.

Isn’t that how it seems to always work these days?

(Thanks again to Salon for conducting these interviews.)

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

20-08-2020 om 22:44 geschreven door peter  

If NASA Couldn’t See The Asteroid That Just Whizzed By Us, What Else Can’t They See?

• Michael Snyder is the publisher of The Economic Collapse Blog, The American Dream Blog and The Truth. You can follow him on Twitter right

Did you know that an asteroid just flew by our planet at an extremely close distance?  The good news is that it was only about the size of a car, but the bad news is that NASA had absolutely no idea that it was coming.  In fact, NASA only discovered it about six hours after it had passed us.  If NASA could not see that asteroid coming straight at us, what else is heading toward us that they cannot see? It has been estimated that “about 17,000 big near-Earth asteroids remain undetected”, but the truth is that we don’t really know how many giant space rocks are floating around out there.  Of course scientists all around the world are doing their best to catalog new potential threats all the time, but what most people don’t realize is that this is an area where our technology is still very limited.

The asteroid that almost entered our atmosphere on August 15th was hurtling toward us at 27,600 miles per hour.

In other words, it was traveling at almost 8 miles per second.

That is fast.

And according to the official NASA website, it came within just 1,830 miles of our planet…

pass by our home planet all the time. But an SUV-size asteroid set the record this past weekend for coming closer to Earth than any other known NEA: It passed 1,830 miles (2,950 kilometers) above the southern Indian Ocean on Sunday, Aug. 16 at 12:08 a.m. EDT (Saturday, Aug. 15 at 9:08 p.m. PDT).

In astronomical terms, that is an extremely close shave, and NASA is openly admitting that “we didn’t see it coming”…

The flyby wasn’t expected and took many by surprise. In fact, the Palomar Observatory didn’t detect the zooming asteroid until about six hours after the object’s closest approach. “The asteroid approached undetected from the direction of the sun,” Paul Chodas, the director of NASA’s Center for Near Earth Object Studies, told Business Insider. “We didn’t see it coming.”

This admission surprised many Americans, because most people assume that NASA would give us plenty of advance notice if a civilization-killing asteroid really was heading our way.

Of course that is not necessarily true at all.  There are many giant space rocks floating around out there that are exceedingly difficult to detect, and that is especially true if they are coming at us from the direction of the sun…

There’s not much we can do about detecting inbound asteroids coming from the sunward direction, as asteroids are detected using optical telescopes only (like ZTF), and we can only search for them in the night sky. The idea is that we discover them on one of their prior passages by our planet, and then make predictions years and decades in advance to see whether they have any possibility of impacting.

NASA has a plan to improve our ability to detect incoming asteroids, and that will be welcome news for those that are concerned that a civilization-killing asteroid may be heading our way.

But the bad news is that the space telescope at the heart of NASA’s plan will not be launched until 2025…

NASA has a plan to address these gaps in its asteroid-hunting program. The agency is in the early stages of developing a space telescope that could detect asteroids and comets coming from the sun’s direction.

NASA’s 2020 budget allotted nearly $36 million for that telescope, called the Near-Earth Object Surveillance Mission.

If funding continues, it could launch as early as 2025.

We have about five years to wait before this plan is implemented, and so let us hope that a giant space rock is not headed our way before then.

But we do know that a fairly sizable asteroid will be making a very close approach to our planet next month.  On September 1st, a 150 foot rock known as “asteroid 2011 ES4” will fly past us at more than 18,000 miles per hour, and it will do so “at a far closer distance than the Moon”…

Asteroid 2011 ES4, which measures approximately 150ft (50m) across, is expected to hurtle past the Earth at staggering speeds of 18,253mph (29,375kmh) next month. And although the size and speed of the asteroid is not that unusual, this space rock will fly past Earth at a far closer distance than the Moon.

I want to stress that scientists do not expect this asteroid to hit us, and I do not expect it to hit us either.

But the fact that it is flying by us at just “0.00048 AU” is definitely alarming…

The CNEOS database reveals the asteroid will pass by the Earth on September 1 at 3.49pm BST (10.49am ET).

Asteroid 2011 ES4 will fly by at 0.00048 AU (Astronomical Units) away – approximately 44,618 miles).

This distance is far closer to Earth than the Moon, which usually orbits at a distance of 238,855 miles (384,399km) distant.

But just because this one won’t hit us doesn’t mean that we shouldn’t be concerned.

Earlier this month, I wrote an article about what scientists have discovered would happen if a very large asteroid hit the Atlantic Ocean.  It is estimated that the resulting tsunami would send waves that are hundreds of feet high toward the east coast of the United States, and millions of people would perish.  Of course most Americans that live on the east coast never even imagine that such a thing could happen, but the truth is that we have been repeatedly warned about such a potential disaster.

I truly hope that NASA will be able to give us as much advance warning as possible when that day finally arrives.

But NASA didn’t see the asteroid that almost entered our atmosphere a few days ago.

And there have been countless other asteroids over the years that NASA didn’t see until they were past us.

This is an area of research that I am particularly interested in, and at this point I don’t have a whole lot of faith in NASA’s ability to see what is coming.

In addition, even if they do see a giant space rock heading directly toward our planet, that doesn’t mean that they will actually tell us.

Rather than alarming the general public, they would probably start implementing plans behind the scenes to save those that are deemed to be “essential”.

Of course they might finally inform the rest of us just before it hit, but by then it would be far too late to do much about it.

• ***Michael’s new book entitled “Lost Prophecies Of The Future Of America” is now available in paperback and for the Kindle on Amazon.com.***

About the Author: 

My name is Michael Snyder and my brand new book entitled “Lost Prophecies Of The Future Of America” is now available on Amazon.com.  By purchasing the book you help to support the work that my wife and I are doing, and by giving it to others you help to multiply the impact that we are having on people all over the globe.  I have published thousands of articles on The Economic Collapse Blog, End Of The American Dream and The Most Important News, and the articles that I publish on those sites are republished on dozens of other prominent websites all over the globe.  I always freely and happily allow others to republish my articles on their own websites, but I also ask that they include this “About the Author” section with each article.  In addition to my new book, I have written four others that are available on Amazon.com including The Beginning Of The End, Get Prepared Now, and Living A Life That Really Matters. (#CommissionsEarned)  The material contained in this article is for general information purposes only, and readers should consult licensed professionals before making any legal, business, financial or health decisions.  I encourage you to follow me on social media on Facebook and Twitter, and any way that you can share these articles with others is a great help.  During these very challenging times, people will need hope more than ever before, and it is our goal to share the gospel of Jesus Christ with as many people as we possibly can.

Michael Snyder is the publisher of The Economic Collapse Blog, The American Dream Blog and The Truth. You can follow him on Twitter right here

Source:

• http://endoftheamericandream.com/archives/if-nasa-couldnt-see-the-asteroid-that-just-whizzed-by-us-what-else-cant-they-see

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{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

20-08-2020 om 22:29 geschreven door peter  

Sustained Planetwide Storms May Have Filled Lakes, Rivers on Ancient Mars

A new study from The University of Texas at Austin is helping scientists piece together the ancient climate of Mars by revealing how much rainfall and snowmelt filled its lake beds and river valleys 3.5 billion to 4 billion years ago.

New research from The University of Texas at Austin has used dry Martian lake beds to determine how much precipitation was present on the ancient planet.

Credit: Gaia Stucky de Quay

The study, published in Geology, represents the first time that researchers have quantified the precipitation that must have been present across the planet, and it comes out as the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover is making its way to the red planet to land in one of the lake beds crucial to this new research.

The ancient climate of Mars is something of an enigma to scientists. To geologists, the existence of riverbeds and paleolakes — eons-old lake basins — paints a picture of a planet with significant rainfall or snowmelt. But scientists who specialize in computer climate models of the planet have been unable to reproduce an ancient climate with large amounts of liquid water present for long enough to account for the observed geology.

“This is extremely important because 3.5 to 4 billion years ago Mars was covered with water. It had lots of rain or snowmelt to fill those channels and lakes,” said lead author Gaia Stucky de Quay, a postdoctoral fellow at UT’s Jackson School of Geosciences. “Now it’s completely dry. We’re trying to understand how much water was there and where did it all go.”

Although scientists have found large amounts of frozen water on Mars, no significant amount of liquid water currently exists.

In the study, researchers found that precipitation must have been between 13 and 520 feet (4 to 159 meters) in a single episode to fill the lakes and, in some cases, provide enough water to overflow and breach the lake basins. Although the range is large, it can be used to help understand which climate models are accurate, Stucky de Quay said.

“It’s a huge cognitive dissonance,” she said. “Climate models have trouble accounting for that amount of liquid water at that time. It’s like, liquid water is not possible, but it happened. This is the knowledge gap that our work is trying to fill in.”

The scientists looked at 96 open-basin and closed-basin lakes and their watersheds, all thought to have formed between 3.5 billion and 4 billion years ago. Open lakes are those that have ruptured by overflowing water; closed ones, on the other hand, are intact. Using satellite images and topography, they measured lake and watershed areas, and lake volumes, and accounted for potential evaporation to figure out how much water was needed to fill the lakes.

By looking at ancient closed and open lakes, and the river valleys that fed them, the team was able to determine a minimum and maximum precipitation. The closed lakes offer a glimpse at the maximum amount of water that could have fallen in a single event without breaching the side of the lake basin. The open lakes show the minimum amount of water required to overtop the lake basin, causing the water to rupture a side and rush out.

In 13 cases, researchers discovered coupled basins — containing one closed and one open basin that were fed by the same river valleys — which offered key evidence of both maximum and minimum precipitation in one single event.

Another great unknown is how long the rainfall or snowmelt episode must have lasted: days, years or thousands of years. That’s the next step of the research, Stucky de Quay said.

As this research is published, NASA recently launched Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover to visit Jezero crater, which contains one of the open lake beds used in the study. Co-author Tim Goudge, an assistant professor in the UT Jackson School Department of Geological Sciences, was the lead scientific advocate for the landing site. He said the data collected by the crater could be significant for determining how much water was on Mars and whether there are signs of past life.

“Gaia’s study takes previously identified closed and open lake basins, but applies a clever new approach to constrain how much precipitation these lakes experienced,” Goudge said. “Not only do these results help us to refine our understanding of the ancient Mars climate, but they also will be a great resource for putting results from the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover into a more global context.”

• This study was supported by a grant through NASA’s Mars Data Analysis Program.

• Monica Kortsha

The University of Texas at Austin

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

20-08-2020 om 21:30 geschreven door peter  

lowing Wheel UFO Seen Over London On Aug 19, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Aug 19, 2020

Location of sighting: London, England

 

This exact same UFO has been seen worldwide and appears to be  a wheel within a wheel. I myself have reported seeing it here in Taiwan just one week after seeing it on TV news in China. This little bugger gets around. Think of a glowing disk seen from its side. There you have it. Absolute amazing footage. 

 

UFOs are actually commonly seen over the London Area for some unknown reason, but I would guess because its the capital and has such a historical importance. 

Scott C. Waring 

 

Eyewitness states: 

So I saw this last night in Croydon London and I was absolutely gobsmacked! If I didn’t see it with my own eyes I wouldn’t believe it guys! What do you all think?!

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

20-08-2020 om 20:30 geschreven door peter  

Incredible Raw Footage Of Four UFOs Over Montreal, Canada Aug 6, 2020, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Aug 6, 2020

Location of sighting: Montreal, Canada

 

The eyewitness saw four glowing lights over Montreal, Canada two weeks ago. The person captured an amazing video of three lights and every so often you can see a fourth light. Very strange. I took the screenshot and added light to them. These glowing craft are not one, but all separate. If its a drone, then its four flying in unison. I don't believe it to be drones. Drones break formation. This is just amazing. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

Related videos, selected and poqted by peter2011

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

20-08-2020 om 20:17 geschreven door peter  

Mars, Alien Fossilized Body Struggling To Escape Shows Incredible Detail, Aug 2020, UFO Sighting News.

Date of discovery: Aug 19, 2020
Location of discovery: Mars Sol 440
Source photo: 

• http://www.gigapan.com/galleries/13476/gigapans/196016
  
  

Hey I found an alien body caught in some rock and fossilized. The creature looks bipedal...has two legs and feet. Has two arms and its head is large, two long eye sockets, open mouth with two big buck teeth. I can't but help feeling sorry for the little guy. It looks like he got stuck and almost was smiling, but then...something killed him in place. Perhaps a poison or something? This object he is stuck too looks like a rock now, but thousands of years ago, may have been a living animal...like coral or sea sponge. The person is small...about 7 inches or 17.7 cm tall. The arms and legs have a more octopus or seal appearance to them. I do not see toes or fingers, but the hands and feet appear to be one piece, but might be covered in a cloth. 

Life existed on Mars, most people will deny it, but that because they never saw this photo of the little alien yet. 
Please check out my video below. 
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

Sorry, video uploading...stuck at 0% processing...waiting on Youtube to finish it. O_o Also cant upload the other photos. It took 30 min to get these two screenshots on it...something odd going on. 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

20-08-2020 om 18:51 geschreven door peter  

Acosmonaut aboard the International Space Station (ISS) has captured footage of bright unknown objects that some insist are man-made satellites and others speculate may be of extraterrestrial origin. 

Cosmonaut Ivan Vagner recently captured footage of the auroras over the Antarctic. "5 objects" appeared in the the time-lapse according to Vagner in a tweet. The imagery was sent to Roscosmos for analysis.

Ivan Vagner reported on his Twitter page "Seeing five objects appear that fly in parallel course at the same distance from each other. What do you think it can be - meteors, satellites or ....?"

Vladimir Surdin, senior researcher at the P.K. Sternberg suggested "It's almost obvious that this is Elon's squadron of companions (Starlink satellites). While they are flying together, then they will scatter, satellites do not fly in such flocks, but after they are launched in a row, they really move for some time."

Now, I not buy the explanation of Vladimir Surdin. Starlink satellites are launched in series of 40 to 60 simultaneously and even if they will scatter and move for some time, then you still see the most of the satellites flying across the sky as a "train" and that is not the case here!

Besides, the orbits of the Starlink satellites are somewhat similar to ISS but significantly lower.and what we see here are 5 Unidentified Flying Objects flying through space at a much higher altitude than the Starlink satellites, therefore it may be assumed that these objects are not Starlink satellites.

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

20-08-2020 om 18:10 geschreven door peter  

Huge bright UFO flying over Vancouver, Canada 17-Aug-2020

This huge bright UFO was caught flying in the sky above Vancouver, Canada on 17th August 2020.

Witness report: 

The objest had very bright light. Was stationary for about 5-7 minutes over a building. Went behind the building. It went down behind the building in a straight line, came up.again in.a straight line, waited for a few seconds and changed direction and flew away.

Don’t forget to follow us on Facebook for the latest UFO news, videos & photos.

Link: www.facebook.com/LatestUFOSightings/

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20-08-2020 om 14:13 geschreven door peter  

If everything goes well, Martian rocks will hypersonically pancake themselves into the Utah desert.

But first, lets start from the beginning.

When Swati Mohan was in the third grade, the television show Star Trek: The Next Generation changed her life. One episode, in particular, displayed an artist’s rendition of everything space had to offer – stars, nebulas, and galaxies. From that moment on, she knew she had to be a part of something bigger than herself.

Now, years later, she is one of the primary actors in a project which could potentially change how we look at Mars, and space in general. From that third-grader, she has risen to become the lead of Guidance, Navigation, and Control Operations for the Perseverance Rover.

The Volvo-sized Perseverance (aka the 2020 Rover) and her sidekick, the helicopter Ingenuity, are the first stages of NASA’s sample return project. If all goes as planned, the duo will be landing at the Jezero Crater in February 2021.

Jezero Crater is a 28-mile-wide (45-kilometer) crater on the western edge of Isidis Planitia, a giant impact basin just north of the Martian equator. Between three to four billion years ago, a river there flowed into a body of water the size of Lake Tahoe, depositing sediments packed with carbonite minerals and clay. The Perseverance science team believes this ancient river delta could have collected and preserved organic molecules and other potential signs of microbial life.

“So the mission can be thought of in three separate phases,” Mohan told ZME Science. “One is launch cruise that’s getting from the surface of the Earth to Mars. The second phase is Entry, Descent and Landing (EDL) from basically the top of Mars all the way down to the surface of the ground safely. The third mission is the surface mission. The actual portion where we drive around and do science is so complicated that in each of those phases there are separate missions, separate vehicles with all different hardware and software that goes along with it. You can think of it as each one of those phases has the complexity of a whole mission in it of itself.”

The returned samples have the potential to “change our understanding of the origin, evolution and distribution of life on Earth and elsewhere in the solar system,” Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, said in a July 28 news conference.

If successful, the Mars Sample Return (MSR) Campaign will bring samples of Martian rocks and soil back to Earth, where they can be investigated in detail, using all the capabilities of terrestrial laboratories. The return program is part of an even larger Mars Exploration Program, a long-term effort of robotic exploration of the Martian planet.

Perseverance

The nuclear-powered Perseverance is the first rover to bring a caching system to Mars that will package samples for return to Earth by a future mission. Rather than pulverizing rock the way Curiosity‘s drill does, Perseverance’s drill will cut intact rock cores that are about the size of a piece of chalk and will place them in sample tubes that it will store until the rover reaches an appropriate drop-off location.

Built at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), the rover is loaded with all sorts of scientific instruments, advanced computational capabilities for landing and other new systems. With a chassis about 10 feet (3 meters) long, Perseverance is also the largest, heaviest robotic Mars rover NASA has ever built.

The demanding science goal requested of the rover requires a new suite of instruments to tackle the question from many angles. While, at first glance, it may look like Perseverance wears the same uniform as Curiosity, it does contain a few improvements.

“Perseverance actually takes a lot of heritage from the Curiosity rover,” said Mohan. “The cruise stage that we’re flying is very similar. The EDL system is very similar. We’ve made some upgrades to Perseverance in order to improve our entry, descent and landing performance. And the rover shares the same kind of fundamental structure and body but it has all new set of instruments that are geared for searching for biosignatures.”

Among the technologies aboard Perseverance mission is the rover’s Terrain-Relative Navigation system (TRN). Part of the landing system, TRN is the primary reason Perseverance can explore a place like Jezero. It will enable the rover to quickly and autonomously comprehend its location over the surface and modify its trajectory during descent. This will be able to provide invaluable assistance for both robotic and crewed missions landing on the Moon and is a must for future robotic and crewed exploration of Mars.

Engineers have also given Perseverance more self-driving smarts than any other rover, allowing it to traverse more ground in a day’s operations without having to wait for engineers on our home planet to send up instructions. Calculated over the length of the mission, this lack of turn-around time will translate into more science.

The Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics & Chemicals (SHERLOC) instrument, which can detect organic matter, and the Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry (PIXL), which measures the composition of rocks and soil, will allow Perseverance to map organic matter, chemical composition and texture together at a higher level of detail than any Mars rover has done before. These instruments — two of the seven total onboard — will play a particularly important role in Perseverance’s search for potential signs of life.

Perseverance also carries a technology demonstration coined the Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment — or MOXI, because what is science without a good acronym. This instrument will produce oxygen from Mars’ carbon dioxide atmosphere, demonstrating a way that future explorers might produce oxygen for rocket propellant as well as for breathing. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) was also created with future human exploration in mind. MEDA will provide information about the current martian weather and climate, as well as the nature of the dust on the surface. The Mars Science Laboratory Entry, Descent and Landing Instrumentation 2 (MEDLI2) package, a next-generation version of what flew on the Mars Science Laboratory mission that delivered the Curiosity rover, was also geared for future human exploration in mind, providing data about the entry and descent of the spacecraft through the atmosphere.

At one time, cameras were considered a waste of space on planetary explorers. Who would want to see images when there was so much science which could take up that space on the vessel. Thank God, those arguments have past for those of us who like to visually see the planetary landscapes (and for those of us who might want Martian backgrounds on their computer desktop…not naming names).

Perseverance is carrying the most cameras in any craft in the history of interplanetary exploration. The rover has 19 cameras that will deliver images of the landscape. The other parts of the spacecraft involved in EDL carry four additional cameras, potentially allowing engineers to put together a high-definition view of the landing process after the rover safely touches down on Mars.

Ingenuity

And what is a superhero without its trusty sidekick.

For Vaneeza Rupani, a high-school student in Northport, Alabama, second place didn’t turn out to be that bad. Rupani originally submitted the name Ingenuity for the Mars 2020 rover, before it was named Perseverance, but NASA officials recognized the submission as a terrific name for the helicopter, given how much creative thinking the team employed to get the mission off the ground so to speak. 

“The ingenuity and brilliance of people working hard to overcome the challenges of interplanetary travel are what allow us all to experience the wonders of space exploration,” Rupani wrote. “Ingenuity is what allows people to accomplish amazing things.”

“It’s super cool,” said Mohan of Ingenuity. “The Mars Pathfinder mission in 1997 had a little rover called Sojourner and it was not even the size of a cereal box, and it was an add-on. That rover is the genesis of how we have the Perseverance rover now and all this complexity and capability so it’s super exciting that we’re taking that next step with ingenuity to do the first powered flight.”

Ingenuity is what is known as a technology demonstration – a project that seeks to test a new capability for the first time, with limited scope. Previous groundbreaking technology demonstrations include the Mars Pathfinder rover Sojourner and the tiny Mars Cube One (MarCO) CubeSats that flew by Mars in 2018.

Ingenuity features four specially made carbon-fiber blades, arranged into two rotors that spin in opposite directions at around 2,400 revolutions per minute – many times faster than a passenger helicopter on Earth. It also has innovative solar cells, batteries and other components. However, the little chopper doesn’t carry science instruments and is a separate experiment from Perseverance.

Because the Mars atmosphere is 99 percent less dense than ours, Ingenuity has to be light, with rotor blades that are much larger and spin much faster than what would be required for a helicopter of Ingenuity’s mass here on Earth.

Temps are another experiment with the little ‘copter. Nights at Jezro dip down much cooler than cardigan weather at minus 130 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 90 degrees Celsius). While Ingenuity’s team on Earth tested the helicopter at Martian temperatures and believes it should work on Mars as intended, the cold will push the design limits of many of Ingenuity’s parts.

In addition, flight controllers at JPL won’t be able to control the helicopter with a joystick. Like all our Martian rovers, commands will need to be sent well in advance, with engineering data coming back from the spacecraft long after each flight takes place. In the meantime, Ingenuity will have a lot of autonomy to make its own decisions about how to fly to a waypoint and keep itself warm.

NASA officials say that Ingenuity is intended to demonstrate technologies needed for flying in the Martian atmosphere. If successful, these technologies could enable other advanced robotic flying vehicles which might be included in future robotic and human missions to Mars. They are hoping what is learned through a helicopter could offer a unique viewpoint not provided by current orbiters high overhead or by rovers and landers on the ground, provide high-definition images and reconnaissance for robots or humans and enable access to terrain that is difficult for rovers to reach.

“The Ingenuity team has done everything to test the helicopter on Earth, and we are looking forward to flying our experiment in the real environment at Mars,” said MiMi Aung, Ingenuity’s project manager at JPL. “We’ll be learning all along the way, and it will be the ultimate reward for our team to be able to add another dimension to the way we explore other worlds in the future.”

Sample Return Mission

The ultimate dream for those interested in space science is finding life on another planet. That starts with sample return missions. Perseverance is that first step.

Three launches will be necessary to accomplish landing, collecting, storing and finding samples and delivering them to Earth.

Once soil samples are collected by the rover, it will deposit samples in tubes at select locations, called depots, which will be collected at a later date by the European Space Agency’s Earth Return Orbiter.

“The lander goes, lands near one of these depots, and collects the samples which have been placed on the surface,” explains Dave Spencer, the Mars Sample Return Campaign Mission Manager at JPL. “The lander has a European rover onboard, called the sample fetch rover. This rover will be placed on the surface we’ll go out and grab the samples from this depot, bring it back to the lander and put them in an orbiting sample container, which is basically a soccer ball sized container, then put into the Mars Ascent Vehicle on the lander, that can launch it up into Mars orbit.

Illustration of Mars Sample Return process

(Credit: ESA)

As currently envisioned, the lander that will gather the samples launches in 2026 and arrives at Mars in 2028, touching down close to the Mars 2020 rover near Jezero Crater. It deposits the fetch rover to pick up the stashed samples and transfer them to the rocket. Another option is for the Mars 2020 rover to retain some of its collected samples onboard and deliver those samples directly to the rocket. The rocket would then become the first ever to launch off another planet, transporting the sample return container into orbit around Mars.

“We also designed it so that the Mars 2020 rover, assuming it’s still alive, if it’s still got more samples onboard, it can come up and provide samples to be loaded into the orbiting sample container as well,” said Spencer. “So we can receive samples from either the fetch rover or the 2020 rover.”

That’s where a separate orbiting spacecraft, provided by ESA and also launched from Earth in 2026, would rendezvous with the sample return container and ferry it back to Earth.

A NASA-provided payload on the orbiter would provide the capabilities needed to capture and contain the samples, placing them in an Earth entry vehicle that would land the samples safely on U.S. soil.

Spencer explains:

“So now we’ve got this orbiting sample container, the soccer ball-sized container that’s been delivered by this Mars ascent vehicle into Mars orbit. And it’s going to be up at around 300 kilometers (186 miles) of altitude above the surface of Mars. And the European orbiter, this Earth Return Orbiter is going to go up and autonomously rendezvous and capture this orbiting sample container. And once it captures, there’s a big canister basketball hoop basically, that we steer the vehicle such that the orbiting sample contains canister goes into this basketball hoop, close the door on and capture it and then very carefully put it through a robotic process.”

The canister will contain all of the materials inside the orbiting sample container. However, scientists need to be careful not to return any uncontained material back into the Earth’s biosphere, such as dust on the canister. In order to keep this from occurring, the capsule contains a redundant containment system where the engineers put a containment vessel around the orbiting sample canister, and then turn around and put that unit into another containment vessel.

“Now we’ve got this enclosed set of samples and we put them into an earth Earth entry vehicle that gets delivered back to Earth. It’s then on put on an impact trajectory, so it’s actually going to crash land in Utah. And it comes in directly from the interplanetary trajectory. So it’s going to be coming in at hyper-sonic speeds through the Earth’s atmosphere and impact in the mudflats at a place called the Utah test and training rage.”

And then if all goes well, it will be recovered intact.

And if all goes better, we will make some amazing discoveries. Hopefully, discoveries that will propel us to search for sample returns on further bodies in the future.

As Alex Mather of Lake Braddock Secondary School in Burke, Virginia, eloquently wrote in his winning essay naming the Perseverance rover, “We are a species of explorers, and we will meet many setbacks on the way to Mars. However, we can persevere. We, not as a nation but as humans, will not give up.”

{ https://www.zmescience.com/ }

20-08-2020 om 00:12 geschreven door peter  

{ https://futurism.com/ }

19-08-2020 om 23:46 geschreven door peter  

Related videos, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.ufologyweb.com/ }

19-08-2020 om 23:27 geschreven door peter  

Scariest UFO Documentary Ever! Astounding Compilation Of The Leading Experts On UFO's, The Illuminati, Freemasons, And The New World Order. Awesome Video!

Scariest UFO Documentary Ever! – Conspiritus Remake by Xendrius – Proper / Full Version

Featuring Ted Gunderson, Fritz Springmeier, Cathy O’Brien, Chuck Missler, Bill Cooper, John Todd, Aaron Russo, John Wheeler, Jacque Vallee, and more.

All aliens are demons or fallen angles or elohim or bene ha’elohim.  All these evil entities can take human form and are walking among us today.  Most of the rulers of the world today are elohim or bene ha’elohim.  There is a firmament over us so no entities can leave or come to earthy.

Fellow Spiritual Warriors: This is an absolute MUST WATCH! I’ve been kicking around the planet long enough to know that much of what this amazing compilation contains is sickeningly ACCURATE. . . Xendrius has an amazingly strong Spirit and stomach to have been able to create this astounding historical overview that seamlessly blends together such seemingly disparate elements. CONSPIRITUS remade should be dessimated throughout the  Multiverse as far as I’m concerned.

Chapters:

1.) The Illuminati Conspiracy – 0:00 

2.) Bohemian Grove / Skull and Bones – 9:35 

3.) Illuminati Mind Control – 20:36 

4.) Illuminati Satanism – 31:10 

5.) Satanic Agenda – 42:07

 6.) UFOs and Disclosure – 49:36 

7.) UFO Conspiracy – 58:32 

8.) Demonic UFOs – 01:08:09 

9.) Reptilian Demons – 01:19:00 

10.) Explaining the Nephilim – 01:28:34 

11.) UFOs – 01:38:03 

12.) Satanic Freemasonry – 01:45:12 

13.) ENDING + 25 ILLUMINATI…01:56:10 

UFO (devil) Quotes: http://www.poweroftheair.com/quotes.htm 

Video by Xendrius: http://www.youtube.com/user/Xendrius

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

19-08-2020 om 22:18 geschreven door peter  

Fleet of hundreds of UFOs "in the direction to Earth" is caught from the International Space Station

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

19-08-2020 om 21:55 geschreven door peter  

NASA Misses Another Asteroid via LIve Israeli News

NASA Misses Another Asteroid

A Car Sized Asteroid came dangerously close to Earth only 1800 miles away and NASA never saw it coming. Friends those who claim there are no asteroids coming because they track them are trusting sites like NASA to know what’s coming but that’s not always the case as we see NASA misses objects coming from the direction of the Sun.

We don’t need to brace for impact we need to pray for guidance to know what to do and to be sure we have our lives in order. There is no greater time to know Jesus as your savior than now!

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

19-08-2020 om 21:43 geschreven door peter