The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
10-06-2018
Trump's space force? Triangular UFO similar to TR-3B spotted on moon, triggers row
Trump's space force? Triangular UFO similar to TR-3B spotted on moon, triggers row
A triangular UFO similar to that of the secretive TR-3B, the alleged anti-gravity vessel developed by the US Air Force, was visible in a video uploaded by Youtube channel on UFOs.
A trinagular UFO image on moon triggers new controversy
(Youtube/Streetcap1)Youtube/Streetcap1
George Graham, the Scottish UFO researcher who runs the YouTube channel 'Streetcap1' has spotted a bizarre object on the surface of the moon. At the first look, this triangular UFO looks similar to the secretive TR-3B, the alleged anti-gravity vessel developed by the US Air Force.
Interestingly, the triangular-shaped object has landed next to what seemed to be a built-up area on the lunar surface. "The object is definitely triangular in shape. But I do not know exactly what it is. This is a bit strange. It could be a craft and I believe it has landed next to a habitat," said George Graham in the video.
The video which was uploaded on June 04, 2018 has already racked up more than 10,000 views, and viewers have been speculating on what this triangular object could be.
Most of the viewers who watched the video argued that moon is home to an alien civilization. They even point out that NASA has stopped taking humans to the moon just because aliens have warned us never to go there again.
However, a section of conspiracy theorists believes that the triangular object in the video could be actually the TR-3B government project which might have reached the lunar surface. According to them, Doland Trump who recently announced his plans to run a Space Force might have actually started the initial operations.
"The space force is alive and well," commented Dane Masie, a YouTube user.
"Does look like a craft of some kind and appears to be lit up at its cockpit with more lights on top, whatever it is, it certainly does not look natural! What a find," commented Celeste Nova, another YouTube user.
This is not the first time that George Graham is finding anomalies on the lunar surface. A few months ago, the researcher has spotted an alleged alien spaceship on the moon. This video too went viral, and conspiracy theorists blamed the government for covering up the existence of alien life.
These theorists have urged the authorities to unveil the truth behind the existence of extraterrestrials.
Fireball as seen on American Meteor Society siteAmerican Meteor Society
A video featuring a meteorite named ZLAF9B2 blasting off the skies has gone viral recently. It shows a fireball reaching the earth at skyrocket speed and finally exploding in South Africa. Now, Tyler Glockner, a UFO researcher who runs the YouTube channel 'Secureteam10' has claimed that the object spotted in the video might not be a meteorite.
The space mystery continues...
In the recently released video, Tyler Glockner alleged that there are many mysteries surrounding the meteorite ZLAF9B2. As per Glockner, NASA came to know about the space body just nine hours before the impact which is unusual.
The conspiracy theorist also stated that there were no objects recovered from the crash site which indicates that it was not a meteorite, but some other flying object which has made a close flyby.
In the same video, Glockner released another clip showing a bizarre cone-shaped object hovering in the skies of Florida. The object is bright red in color, and it produced so sound.
Social media reacts
The clip has already attracted more than 370,000 views and spectators were quick to put forward various theories explaining this weird sky phenomenon. Many people who watched the video connected these bizarre space events to the arrival of Nibiru.
Jon Doe, a YouTube user argued that the increased number of seismic activities and the recent Guatemala volcanic eruption is a sign that the alleged killer planet Nibiru is approaching the earth.
"With all the shit flying into our atmosphere coupled with the volcanic eruptions worldwide, it really makes you wonder if something big is going on that we just aren't being told about," chsftball57, another YouTube user.
This is not the first time that Tyler Glockner is alleging government for covering up the presence of UFOs and extraterrestrial life. A few days back he has released a video of a black saucer-like flying object hovering across the skies of Australia. Interestingly, this UFO sighting happened very near to an Australian military base in Victoria, and this compelled many to think that the government is secretly running a black project.
Tracie Austin is a long-time friend of mine who I first met back in 1995. At the time, Tracie and I only lived about a 45-minute-drive from each other in central, rural England. As a result, we spent a lot of time traveling to UFO conferences in the U.K. and having a good time. Tracie moved to the United States a couple of years before me and now lives in Las Vegas, Nevada.
In the summer of 2016, Tracie invited me and David Weatherlyto be on her The Tracie Austin Show. The plan was to have Tracie first interview us separately: I would be interviewed on the MIB and David on the Black-Eyed Children. And, then, there would be a round-table discussion on both phenomena, noting the undeniable links between the two. A date was soon fixed: September 22. The high-strangeness wasn’t just limited to the show, however. Tracie herself had a trio of stories of her own to relate to me concerning the Black-Eyed Children. They were, of course, as bizarre as they were disturbing. She told me:
“With me doing the show on the Black-Eyed Kids, I was reading David’s book every day before we did the show. So, it was on my mind. And it only happened the one time, but I had this dream that we had a friend over and there was a knock at the door, and the friend that came over opened the door. And I saw a black-eyed kid standing at the door; one single boy. And the friend asked him to come in, and I said ‘No, no, no; you can’t let him in!’ But, he wandered in, slightly. It was a kid with a hoodie and jeans; the typical kid. And I pushed him out the door and said again, ‘No, you can’t let him in!’ It shook me a bit when I woke up.”
The skeptic might be inclined to say that because Tracie was focusing on the BEC at the time, and diligently preparing for the show, that all of the data she had digested had now spilled over into her dream-state and her subconscious. I knew that such a thing was not at all implausible. I also knew, however, that the MIB had the uncanny ability to, essentially, “invade” our dreams and turn them into absolute nightmares. Maybe, the Black-Eyed Children could do likewise, too, I considered. That was far from being the end of the story, however.
Tracie continued with what she had found out: “I have a friend named Dana; she works in timeshare, at a resort out here in Las Vegas, on the far end of the strip. She was working one day – this was in April 2016 – when she said this lady was sent over to her, with two kids: a young boy and a girl. The girl was about six or seven and the boy was about four or five. The woman was wearing dark brown pants and had long brown hair. And the reason why the woman was sent over was because Dana gave the gifting in the timeshare company. When you listen to a presentation, you’re given a gift. But, the woman said she didn’t want a gift and Dana said, ‘When she looked at me and said that, I saw that she had total black eyes.’ There were no whites whatsoever. And the kids were exactly the same. But, in every other sense they were completely normal; they weren’t wearing the hoodies.
“Dana commented, ‘I wish I had said something, like how do you see with those eyes?’ When she said that, I thought you can’t really ask them something like that. Maybe you could say, ‘Wow, your eyes are beautiful.’ But, maybe that’s bringing attention to something they don’t want you to know about. But, they could wear sunglasses all the time and no-one would know. So, maybe they are testing our reactions, they want their eyes to be seen. The kids were quiet; they didn’t say anything to her. Dana asked the woman how long she was going to be staying at the resort. And she said just one night and then they left.
“Dana said to me, ‘I couldn’t believe it, Tracie; I saw after that that you were going to be doing a show on the Black-Eyed Kids.’ She reached out to me on Facebook and said, ‘I had an encounter with a Black-Eyed Woman and Black-Eyed Kids.’ Then, a couple of months after encountering this woman, Dana asked me if there was some connection between seeing them and people dying, when they have an encounter with the Black-Eyed-People. Right around a month or two after her encounter, her parents – who were both in their seventies – died. They hadn’t been sick, weren’t ill. Her father had developed kidney failure, out of the blue, and then her mother developed pneumonia. She said to me: ‘Tracie, this is freaking me out, as I hear [the Black-Eyed Children] can be omens of death.’ I said I didn’t know, as I didn’t want to scare her.”
Like me, the late Brad Steiger had a deep interest in the phenomenon of the Men in Black. One of the more thought-provoking accounts he shared with me demonstrates just how incredibly weird the whole MIB phenomenon really is. Brad began as follows: “After more than 50 years of research in the UFO and paranormal fields, I have come to the conclusion that many of the mysteries that bedevil us are products of a reflexive phenomenon. This reflexive action does not usually occur in the more mundane pursuits of architecture, industry, mining, agriculture and the like, but once one begins actively to pursue Ufology or psychical research, one runs the risk of entering a surreal world in which the usual physical laws do not apply.”
Now, without interruption, I’ll let you read the rest of Brad’s thoughts, along with a couple of very strange events that impacted on his life: “In the case of the mythos of the Men in Black, I suggest that that eerie enigma may have begun with the machinations of a human agency assigned to investigate the actions of the more high profile investigators of the phenomenon and the more convincing witness of UFO activity with the goals of learning more about the growing interest in a worldwide phenomena. Somehow along the way, this activity of the human surveillance of other humans caught the interest of a nonhuman, paraphysical agency that has for centuries pursued goals that remain elusive, even sinister, to the individuals whom they visit. Whether motivated by a bizarre sense of humor, an essentially malicious nature, or a desire to learn how much some humans know about their eternal secrets, the Others began knocking on the doors of those who had witnessed or who had investigated UFO activity.
“Some of my experiences with the MIB seem most certainly the product of human surveillance that in most instances was conducted with awkward fallibility. Once in the golden era of MIB activity in the late 1960s while speaking to a fellow researcher on the telephone, our conversation was interrupted by a metallic-sounding voice chanting: ‘Ho, ho, UFO!’ Because it seemed that this got a rise out of us, this merry chant was repeated on a number of telephone calls with other investigators.
“A friend who had been doing a great deal of research on my behalf told of the time when he was anticipating a visit from me. He picked up the telephone to make a call on his private line, only to hear the following bit of conversation:
“‘Has Steiger arrived in town yet?’
“‘Not yet.’
“‘What motel will he be staying in?’
“‘The [correct name of the motel in which I had made reservations].’
“‘Don’t worry. Everything is set.’
“At this point my friend broke in and asked who the hell was on his private line. There was a stunned silence, a click, then the steady buzzing that indicates a clear line. I had my own experience with the awkward telephone spies when I checked into a hotel and found that the bell man had missed one of my suitcases – the most important one with the slides for my lecture.
“I picked up the receiver to hear a man’s voice inquire: ‘When is he supposed to check in?’
“‘He is already in his room,’ I said in reply, though I knew the query wasn’t asked of me.’
“‘Oh, s—t!’ was the profound response, followed by two rapid hang-ups.
“Other experiences with the MIB are not so easy to place in either the Human or Non-Human category. A friend of mine was traveling in England before starting on an around-the-world junket with a layover in Vietnam to visit his son in the armed forces. He was walking near a railway station in London when he noticed three men dressed completely in black staring at him.
“When my friend returned their collective stare, they approached him and asked him which train they should take for such-and-such a city. My friend calmly pointed out that he was a tourist, and it made a good deal more sense for them to ask at the information booth just a few feet away.
“My friend turned on his heel and walked away from the odd trio, but a glance over his shoulder told him that they were still standing there staring at him, unmindful of checking with the information booth. Suddenly ill at ease, my friend hailed a taxi and went directly to his hotel.
“When he got to his room, an uncomfortable sensation prickled the back of his neck and he glanced out his window. On the street corner, looking up at his room, were the three men. Baffled, he tried to push the incident from his mind.
“A day or so later, though, he was confronted by one of the men who told him straight out: ‘You are a friend of Brad Steiger. Tell him we shall visit him by Christmas.’ My friend had only a peripheral knowledge of the UFO can of worms, but he returned to his hotel room and wrote me a long letter with the above details.
“Not long after I had received his letter, I visited a friend in another city and told him about the bizarre experience my correspondent had encountered in London. ‘Humph!’ Jim snorted over the lunch we were sharing. ‘If those monkeys come to see you this Christmas, send ‘em down to talk to me. I’d love to get one of those characters in my hands. I would solve this man-in-black mystery you’ve been telling me about!’
“I laughed and warned him that he had better be careful or he might get his wish.
“I had not returned from my trip by more than a few minutes when the telephone rang. It was Jim calling. Wondering if I might have left something at his place of business, I was informed that I had indeed left a most peculiar something behind me.
“Jim told me that I had no sooner started my homeward journey than he was told that a gentleman wished to see him. A secretary ushered a man of average height into Jim’s office. But my friend said that his visitor was the thinnest human being he had ever seen.
“‘He was cadaverous, Brad,’ Jim told me. ‘He looked like those World War II photographs of someone in a concentration camp. But he seemed alert enough, and so involved in his quest that he ignored my proffered hand of greeting. In fact, I tried to push shaking his hand, but he refused to touch me.’
“‘I hear you want to be the head of UFO’s in Iowa,’ he said quickly.
“‘He took out a wallet, flipped it open, then shut, before I could see any identification. I can’t really recall anything else he said, because it was all so damned nonsensical. Soon he was gone, and I was still sitting there dumbfounded.
“‘I jumped to my feet, though, when I heard his car starting. I got a good look at his automobile and I wrote down its license number. I can’t tell you what make of car it was. It looked like a combination of three or four different makes and models, but it didn’t really look like anything I had ever seen before. And the license number didn’t check. The Highway Patrol said there was no such Iowa plate registered. A friend in another branch of state government, who owed me a favor, said the plate wasn’t registered to any government agency, either.’”
GRAABCIRKELS WIJZEN OP DE KOMST ALIENS, ANNUNNAKI ( VIDEO )
GRAABCIRKELS WIJZEN OP DE KOMST ALIENS, ANNUNNAKI ( VIDEO )
Enkele dagen geleden verscheen er een graancirkel in het Engelse Dorset met een symbool dat doet denken aan de film Arrival.
Het is niet de eerste keer dat dit voor komt en in een graancirkel en ook in Italië is datzelfde symbool in verband te brengen met de Anunnaki.
Het lijkt iedere keer weer een wonder als je de prachtige graancirkels ziet die vanuit het niets verschijnen. Men doet zo langzamerhand alsof dit gewoon een verschijnsel is dat bij het leven hoort en dat die dingen wel gemaakt zullen worden door wat raddraaiers met een slok bier op en wat latjes onder de voeten.
De mainstream media zijn zo zeker dat ze het verhaal van graancirkels hebben ontmaskerd als een hoax dat ze vinden dat ze er daarom geen aandacht meer aan hoeven besteden.
En dan zien ze dus ook niet de prachtige graancirkel die op 4 juni is verschenen in Dorset in Engeland.
De aliens in deze film heten septapods (sepia is ook een naam voor een inktvis en verwijst bovendien naar de inkt die zij kunnen spuiten, ook sepia genoemd, wat weer een belangrijke rol speelt ook in de film Arrival) en als je weet dat septazeven betekent, dan zie je de overeenkomst met de graancirkel.
Ook in juli 2016 verscheen er een graancirkel met een zevenpuntige ster, dit keer op een opmerkelijke locatie, namelijk Stonehenge.
Nog wat verder terug in de tijd verscheen er ook een zevenpuntige ster graancirkel, maar dit keer met een handtekening.
In juni 2011 verscheen een graancirkel nabij Poirino in Italië, waarbij niet alleen ook een zevenpuntige ster te zien was, maar waar ook een soort binaire code in verborgen zat.
Deze graancirkel, die ook een magische ster afbeeldt, is volledig geanalyseerd en de resultaten daarvan zijn hier te lezen en de eindconclusie is dat de code het woord EA of Enki weergeeft.
Zijn deze gecompliceerde graancirkels boodschappen van de Anunnaki die ons op deze manier laten weten dat hun Arrival binnenkort staat te gebeuren?
New Nimitz UFO Incident Report Provides Details of the Alien Craft’s Advanced Capabilities
New Nimitz UFO Incident Report Provides Details of the Alien Craft’s Advanced Capabilities
One of the most alluring cases of UFO existence was the 2004 Nimitz Incident. It happened during a training exercise involving the Nimitz Carrier Strike Group, a group of aircraft carriers, off the coast of California. The aircraft carriers picked up mysterious signals, which reportedly an aircraft flying nearby.
A U.S. Navy pilot Cmdr. David Fravor was one of the pilots of the two Hornets that the USS Princeton sent out to investigate the strange signals. On the investigation, Fravor happened to spot a peculiar Tic-Tac shaped aircraft that apparently moved like nothing he had ever seen.
The aircraft had appeared to have no wings and was estimated to be around 40 feet long. After few minutes of pursuing, the craft vanished.
According to Fravor, the unknown craft accelerated and gone as he got closer and his nose started to pull back up. He described the object as faster than he had ever seen. They tried to turn around to see what was in the water but failed to see the UFO as they only saw blue water.
Now, a Las Vegas news team reportedly acquired an official report on the incident.
According to the report, the Anomalous Aerial Vehicle (AAV) was not in the inventory of the United States or any other nations. The UFO has the characteristics to make the American radar engagement capabilities useless. It exhibited aerodynamics performance that was considered advanced with no visible control surfaces and means to generate lift. The AAV showed advanced propulsion technology as it remained stationary with little to no visible signature. The report stated that the AAV might have the ability to cloak or become invisible to the human observation. It further mentioned that the AAV could operate undersea undetected by our most advanced sensors.
The authenticity of the report is not yet validated, but if it is true, it is probably the most disturbing or convincing piece among UFO documentation.
Eventually, billions or even trillions of years from now, the universe is going to end.
Astrophysicists don't know exactly how the universe will end, but they have some ideas. A group from Munich called Kurzgesagt put together a video explaining the three most likely ways it could happen.
The problem is that the universe is expanding, and the rate that it's expanding keeps increasing. It's like throwing a ball up into the air and watching it speed away from you faster and faster.
This expansion is happening despite gravity doing its best to hold things together. That means another force must be acting on the universe besides gravity, and must be pretty powerful.
Astrophysicists think that force is something they call dark energy. Dark energy is invisible and we know almost nothing about it. But based on how fast everything is expanding, scientists think dark energy exists everywhere in space and could make up almost 70% of the universe.
While we don't actually know what dark energy is or what its properties are, the existing theories have led astrophysicists to three big ideas about how the universe might end.
1. The big rip
Not only is the universe expanding, its expanding equally in all directions. And because space is expanding, galaxies are getting farther apart. The space within each galaxy is expanding too, but right now, the galaxy's own gravity is strong enough to hold it together.
The big rip would start once the pull of the universe's expansion gets stronger than the gravity holding galaxies together. Galaxies would tear apart first, followed by smaller black holes, planets and stars.
Eventually space would start expanding faster than the speed of light, and become stronger than the forces holding atoms together and they'd break down into individual particles. The entire universe would become a void of single particles unconnected to anything around them, drifting aimlessly in a timeless universe.
YouTube/Kurzgesagt, In a Nutshell
2. The big crunch
This is the least terrifying end-of-universe scenario. If astrophysicists are wrong about dark energy and there's actually less of it than we think, or its grasp on matter decreases over time, gravity would eventually become the most powerful force in the universe.
If that happens, then after trillions of years, the rate that the universe expands would decrease and the universe would start to shrink. Galaxies would crash into each other and merge as the universe starts collapsing on itself.
A shrinking universe would drive temperatures higher. The cosmic background radiation would be so hot that it would cook stars from the outside in. The intense heat would rip atoms apart in the final minutes before the Big Crunch. Black holes would then swallow up everything since objects are packed so tightly into dense clumps.
The black holes would then converge into one mega black hole that contains the entirety of the universe. The Big Crunch moment would happen instantly as the black hole swallows itself.
YouTube/Kurzgesagt, In a Nutshell
Some scientists think the universe has bounced back and forth between expansion and contraction, so there's definite hope for a universe rebirth in this last scenario, though we won't be around to witness it.
3. The big freeze or heat death
In this end-of-the-universe scenario, matter would stay intact rather than getting torn apart, but would slowly decay into radiation as the universe expands.
Right now the universe is not uniform — it's speckled with clumps of matter and energy in the form of things like galaxies, stars, and black holes. But the expansion would stretch everything out until everything is evenly spread through the universe. When that happens, objects can gain or lose energy. The gas clouds that form stars would dissipate, black holes would evaporate and eventually even light particles would fizzle out. The universe would be completely snuffed out forever.
YouTube/Kurzgesagt, In a Nutshell
Unfortunately, based on the physics that we understand, the big freeze and heat death scenario is the leading candidate.
But the bottom line is scientists don't know for sure how the universe will end, and we need to know a lot more about what dark energy is and how it works.
NEW REVOLUTIONARY THEORY CLAIMS DARK ENERGY WILL EVENTUALLY ‘SWALLOW’ THE UNIVERSE
NEW REVOLUTIONARY THEORY CLAIMS DARK ENERGY WILL EVENTUALLY ‘SWALLOW’ THE UNIVERSE
An international research team came up with a new shocking theory about the possible future of the universe suggesting that the mysterious dark energy “swallows” the not less mysterious dark matter. According to the study authors, in case their theory is right, we will “end up with a big, empty and boring Universe with almost nothing in it.”
There are two popular theories about the possible end of the universe and both are based on the hypothesis that our universe is expanding. The first theory states that the accelerating expansion of the universe will result in galaxies getting further from each other and steadily cooling down until the universe becomes a totally dark and cold world. The second theory called “Big Crunch” claims that this expansion will eventually cause a collapse of the Universe, which will end as a black hole singularity. Now, it seems that there is another, third theory. To better understand it, let’s first take a closer look at dark matter and dark energy. Dark matter, which owes its name to the fact that it does not emit or reflect radiation, was discovered in the 1930s, when it was found that the mass of the visible matter was not enough to explain the gravitational effects of galaxies. In fact, the matter that forms planets, galaxies and all the celestial bodies in the universe corresponds only to 16% of the total matter in the Universe, while the remaining 84% corresponds to the dark matter. For several decades, the prevailing cosmological theory claimed that the expansion of the universe is slowing down. It has to do with the fact that the attracting force of gravity, which is the dominant physical interaction, has been slowing down the expansion of the universe since the Big Bang.
However, two research teams, the Supernova Cosmology Project and the High ZSupernova Team, shocked the scientific community when they presented the results of their calculations in 1998. Having made more precise measurements of the rate of the expansion of the Universe, the researchers found that, in fact, it is accelerating! Then it was concluded that, in order to explain this accelerating expansion, the total mass and energy of the Universe must be dominated by an unknown gravitationally repulsive energy. This is what is called “dark energy” and what still remains unknown to science. According to the new theory, which was published in the journal «Physical Review Letters», dark energy interacts with dark matter, as a result of which dark matter is evaporating slowly but steadily. Thus, if the theory is valid, it will take many billions of years for galaxies and the rest of the universe to disappear. “This study is about the fundamental properties of space-time. On a cosmic scale, this is about our Universe and its fate. If the dark energy is growing and dark matter is evaporating we will end up with a big, empty, boring Universe with almost nothing in it,” says David Wands, director of the Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation at the University of Portsmouth and a member of the research team.
In 2015, Russian billionaire Yuri Milner established Breakthrough Initiatives, a non-profit organization dedicated to enhancing the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). In April of the following year, he and the organization be founded announced the creation of Breakthrough Starshot, a program to create a lightsail-driven “wafercraft” that would make the journey to the nearest star system – Proxima Centauri – within our lifetime.
In the latest development, on Wednesday May 23rd, Breakthrough Starshot held an “industry day” to outline their plans for developing the Starshot laser sail. During this event, the Starshot committee submitted a Request For Proposals (RFP) to potential bidders, outlining their specifications for the sail that will carry the wafercraft as it makes the journey to Proxima Centauri within our lifetimes.
As we have noted in severalpreviousarticles, Breakthrough Starshot calls for the creation of a gram-scale nanocraft being towed by a laser sail. This sail will be accelerated by an Earth-based laser array to a velocity of about 60,000 km/s (37,282 mps) – or 20% the speed of light (o.2 c). This concept builds upon the idea of a lightsail (aka. solar sail), a spacecraft that relies on solar wind to push itself through space.
An artist’s illustration of a light-sail powered by a radio beam (red) generated on the surface of a planet.
Credit: M. Weiss/CfA
At this speed, the nanocraft would be able to reach the closest star system to our own – Proxima Centauri, located 4.246 light-years away – in just 20 years time. Since its inception, the team behind Breakthrough Starshot has invested considerable time and energy addressing the conceptual and engineering challenges such a mission would entail. And with this latest briefing, they are now looking to move the project from concept to reality.
In addition to being the Frank B. Baird, Jr. Professor of Science at Harvard University, Abraham Loeb is also the Chair of the Breakthrough Starshot Advisory Committee. As he explained to Universe Today via email:
“Starshot is an initiative to send a probe to the nearest star system at a fifth of the speed of light so that it will get there within a human lifetime of a couple of decades. The goal is to obtain photos of exo-planets like Proxima b, which is in the habitable zone of the nearest star Proxima Centauri, four light years away. The technology adopted for fulfilling this challenge uses a powerful (100 Giga-watt) laser beam pushing on a lightweight (1 gram) sail to which a lightweight electronics chip is attached (with a camera, navigation and communication devices). The related technology development is currently funded at $100M by Yuri Milner through the Breakthrough Foundation.”
“The scope of this RFP addresses the Technology Development phase – to explore LightSail concepts, materials, fabrication and measurement methods, with accompanying analysis and simulation that creates advances toward a viable path to a scalable and ultimately deployable LightSail.”
A phased laser array, perhaps in the high desert of Chile, propels sails on their journey.
Credit: Breakthrough Initiatives
As Loeb indicated, this RFP comes not long after another “industry day” that was related to the development of the technology of the laser – termed the “Photon Engine”. In contrast, this particular RFP was dedicated to the design of the laser sail itself, which will carry the nanocraft to Proxima Centauri.
“The Industry Day was intended to inform potential partners about the project and request for proposals (RFP) associated with research on the sail materials and design,” added Loeb. “Within the next few years we hope to demonstrate the feasibility of the required sail and laser technologies. The project will allocate funds to experimental teams who will conduct the related research and development work. ”
The RFP also addressed Starshot’s long-term goals and its schedule for research and development in the coming years. These include the investment in $100 million over the next five years to determine the feasibility of the laser and sail, to invest the value of the European Extremely Large Telescope(EELT) from year 6 to year 11 and build a low-power prototype for space testing, and invest the value of the Large Hardon Collider (LHC) over a 20 year period to develop the final spacecraft.
“The European Extremely Large Telescope (EELT) will cost on order of a billion [dollars] and the Large Hadron Collider cost was ten times higher,’ said Loeb. “These projects were mentioned to calibrate the scale of the cost for the future phases in the Starshot project, where the second phase will involve producing a demo system and the final step will involve the complete launch system.”
Artist’s impression of Proxima b, which was discovered using the Radial Velocity method.
Credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser
The research and development schedule for the sail was also outlined, with three major phases identified over the next 5 years. Phase 1 (which was the subject of the RFP) would entail the development of concepts, models and subscale testing. Phase 2 would involve hardware validation in a laboratory setting, while Phase 3 would consist of field demonstrations.
With this latest “industry day” complete, Starshot is now open for submissions from industry partners looking to help them realize their vision. Step A proposals, which are to consist of a five-page summary, are due on June 22nd and will be assessed by Harry Atwater (the Chair of the Sail Subcommittee) as well as Kevin Parkin (head of Parkin Research), Jim Benford (muWave Sciences) and Pete Klupar (the Project Manager).
Step B proposals, which are to consist of a more detailed, fifteen-page summary, will be due on July 10th. From these, the finalists will be selected by Pete Worden, the Executive Director of Breakthrough Starshot. If all goes according to plan, the initiative hopes to launch the first lasersail-driven nanocraft in to Proxima Centauri in 30 years and see it arrive there in 50 years.
So if you’re an aerospace engineer, or someone who happens to run a private aerospace firm, be sure to get your proposals ready! To learn more about Starshot, the engineering challenges they are addressing, and their research, follow the links provided to the BI page. To see the slides and charts from the RFP, check out Starshot’s Solicitations page.
Australia’s Songlines: An Ancient Network Known As The ‘Footprints Of The Ancestors’
Australia’s Songlines: An Ancient Network Known As The ‘Footprints Of The Ancestors’
Sprawled across the Australian continent lies a network of invisible pathways known to the aborigine as ‘Footprints of the Ancestors’. In the West, we know them as ‘Song Lines’ and ‘Dream-Tracks’. They were part of the aboriginal creation myth which spoke of legendary beings who wandered the earth, singing out the name of everything that crossed their path – birds, animals, plants, rocks, waterholes – and so singing the world into existence.
Each tribe had their own songline, passed down to them by their ancestors. It was their responsibility to preserve these sacred chants and follow the laws and traditions contained within. They had a duty to protect their songlines, for an unsung territory eventually became a wasteland. If the songs were forgotten, the land itself would wither and die. By singing a landmarks creation song, the country would come to life and flourish with health and vigor.
Australia's Songlines: An Ancient Network Known As The 'Footprints Of The Ancestors'
A songline also acts as a map and compass. Providing an aboriginal person knew the song, they could always find their way across the country. A man on a “Walkabout” will always travel down one of their Songlines. If he were to stray from his dream-track, he would be trespassing on somebody else’s land. As long as he stuck to the track, he’d always find people who shared his Dreaming, from whom he could expect hospitality.
In theory, the whole of Australia could be read as a musical score (known as a song map). There is hardly a rock or creek in the country that cannot be sung. You can visualize Songlines as a labyrinth of epic stories, turning this way and that, in which every sacred site can be read in terms of its geology, function, and legends associated with it.
Screenshot of 'What are song lines?
Anywhere in the bush you can point to some feature of the landscape and ask an Aboriginal person, “What’s the story there?” or “Who’s that?” The chances are they’ll answer “Kangaroo” or “Budgerigar” or “Jew Lizard”, depending on which Ancestor who walked that way. ‘And the distance between two such sites can be measured as a stretch of a song.
This article was written by Simon E. Davies. Contributor at Ancient-Code.com
The ex-politician claims to have evidence four species of aliens have been visiting Earth for decades.
Paul Hellyer, Canadian Minister of National Defence in the 1960s, argues that top governments have long been in cahoots with extraterrestrial beings.
He said: “Decades ago, visitors from other planets warned us about the direction we were heading and offered to help.
“Instead, some of us interpreted their visits as a threat, and decided to shoot first and ask questions after.”
GETTY
BOMBSHELL CLAIM: Paul Hellyer says four species of aliens have visited Earth
“Some of us interpreted their visits as a threat, and decided to shoot first and ask questions after”
Paul Hellyer, Canadian Minister of National Defence in the 1960
He also claimed that trillions of dollars have been spent on so-called “black projects” to cover up extraterrestrial life.
Hellyer recalled one terrifying UFO encounter during the Cold War that triggered an investigation.
He added: “In one of the cases during the Cold War, 1961, there were about 50 UFOs in formation flying south from Russia across Europe.
“The supreme allied commander was very concerned and was about ready to press the panic button when they turned around and went back over the North Pole.
GET
BIZARRE: He recalled one terrifying UFO encounter during the Cold War
“They decided to do an investigation and they investigated for three years and they decided that with absolute certainty that four different species, at least, have been visiting this planet for thousands of years.”
He alleges the ETs travelled to Earth from different star systems.
Hellyer said: “Many are being are benevolent and a few are not. They come from various places, for a long while I only knew about ones that came from different star systems, the Pleadies.
“There are extraterrestrials that come from Andromeda, and ones that live on one of Saturn’s moons.”
Venus is not a hospitable place for humans. The planet is covered in thick, billowing sulfuric acid clouds, underneath which temperatures reach nearly a thousand degrees Fahrenheit. If you were unfortunate enough to stand on Venus’ volcano-spotted surface, you would feel 100 times more pressure than you would standing on the surface of our own planet, in large part due to its atmosphere.
Naturally, NASA scientists have a lot of questions. A team of them recently announced Project HAVOC, which stands for “High Altitude Venus Operational Concept.” The project details how a 30-day, manned mission to Venus might go down.
And while the operation is purely speculative — much of the necessary technology doesn’t exist yet — it marks the first serious plan for how people might explore our nearest planetary neighbor.
Even though this announcement arrived alongside news that NASA’s goals don’t match what the American public wants NASA to be doing (the White House scrapped climate research for more moon missions, the public wants the opposite), no one around here is complaining about this proposal. Because it’s an undeniably-cool sci-fi vision come to (theoretical) life.
In order to study Venus and search for signs that the planet may have once had a more hospitable climate and, perhaps, even water, the NASA engineers envision a gigantic, floating research colony. The research station would hover about 50 kilometers (30 miles or so) above the acidic clouds, in an area of the atmosphere that stays at a cooler temperature.
The proposed plan is more than a little risky (someone should get on those movie rights ASAP). After reaching the planet, the manned shuttle would attach to a separate rocket that contains the deflated, folded research station. As it plummets towards the surface, the station would deploy a parachute, unfold itself, fill with tanks of helium sent for the ride, and then (hopefully) stay afloat at a non-lethal altitude.
After a month of research from the strategic position above the clouds, the crew’s shuttle would have to detach from the research station, rocket back into orbit, and rejoin the orbiting spacecraft that would take it back to Earth.
All in all, the trip would take less time than a manned mission to Mars, since Venus is much closer to Earth.
But if it all sounds pretty ambitious to you, well, you’re not alone. While NASA still hasn’t developed the technology necessary to complete such a mission and, you know, keep the astronauts from dying, the agency feels that the tech we do have is good enough for similar, smaller-scale robotic missions that could begin to scan Venus for signs that our planetary neighbor used to sustain life.
A bewildered motorist spotted what appears to be a UFO soaring over the road in front of her while she was driving close to a military naval base.
Junelyn Bitalac, 22, was on her way home from taking her mother to work in Hasting, Victoria in late May when she observed the object in the air.
She pulled over to take a closer look and was shocked to see a circular object, five metres in diameter, flying smoothly through clear skies.
Ms Bitalac managed to capture the unbelievable object on film, following it on its flight path before it disappeared behind trees.
After reviewing the video and having no idea what it could be, she posted it online in order to get some answers.
'I really do believe in aliens and extra-terrestrial life so I was quite amazed to spot what I saw – that's why I pulled out my phone straight away,' Ms Bitalac said.
The strange object pictured appears to be 5m in diameter and was spotted only 6km from a military naval base in Victoria
Once the video was re-posted on conspiracy page secureteam10, it managed to gain over 100,000 views in just a matter of hours.
Some online users observed the fact that Hastings is only 6km away from a naval military based - HMAS Cerberus on the Mornington Peninsula, with one user commenting 'Right next to military base - must be a drone'.
Junelyn Bitalac was on her way home from taking her mother to work in Hasting, Victoria when she observed the object in the air
Ms Bitalac said that most people who watched the video found the object quite unusual.
'I have never seen anything like it and have no clue what it was. But it is very interesting that I spotted it so close to a military base.'
More Mystery Objects Found Near Milky Way's Black Hole
More Mystery Objects Found Near Milky Way's Black Hole
illustration only
by Staff Writers Kamuela HI (SPX)
Astronomers have discovered several bizarre objects at the galactic Center that are concealing their true identity behind a smoke screen of dust; they look like gas clouds, but behave like stars.
At today's American Astronomical Society Meeting in Denver, a team of researchers led by UCLA Postdoctoral Scholar Anna Ciurlo announced their results, which they obtained using 12 years of data taken from W. M. Keck Observatory on Maunakea, Hawaii
"These compact dusty stellar objects move extremely fast and close to our galaxy's supermassive black hole. It is fascinating to watch them move from year to year," said Ciurlo.
"How did they get there? And what will they become? They must have an interesting story to tell."
The researchers made their discovery by obtaining spectroscopic measurements of the galactic Center's gas dynamics using Keck Observatory's OH-Suppressing Infrared Imaging Spectrograph (OSIRIS).
"We started this project thinking that if we looked carefully at the complicated structure of gas and dust near the supermassive black hole, we might detect some subtle changes to the shape and velocity," said Randy Campbell, science operations lead at Keck Observatory.
"It was quite surprising to detect several objects that have very distinct movement and characteristics that place them in the G-object class, or dusty stellar objects."
Astronomers first discovered G-objects at the Milky Way's monster black hole more than a decade ago; G1 was first seen in 2004, and G2 was discovered in 2012. Both were thought to be gas clouds until they made their closest approach to the supermassive black hole. G1 and G2 somehow managed to survive the black hole's gravitational pull, which can shred gas clouds apart.
"If they were gas clouds, G1 and G2 would not have been able to stay intact," said UCLA Astronomy Professor Mark Morris, a co-principal investigator and fellow member of UCLA's Galactic Center Orbits Initiative (GCOI).
"Our view of the G-objects is that they are bloated stars - stars that have become so large that the tidal forces exerted by the central black hole can pull matter off of their stellar atmospheres when the stars get close enough, but have a stellar core with enough mass to remain intact. The question is then, why are they so large?"
It appears that a lot of energy was dumped into the G-objects, causing them to swell up and grow larger than typical stars.
GCOI thinks that these G-objects are the result of stellar mergers - where two stars orbiting each other, known as binaries, crash into each other due to the gravitational influence of the giant black hole. Over a long period of time, the black hole's gravity alters the binary stars' orbits until the duo collides. The combined object that results from this violent merger could explain where the excess energy came from.
"In the aftermath of such a merger, the resulting single object would be "puffed up," or distended, for a rather long period of time, perhaps a million years, before it settles down and appears like a normal-sized star," said Morris.
"This is what I find most exciting," said Andrea Ghez, founder and director of GCOI.
"If these objects are indeed binary star systems that have been driven to merge through their interaction with the central supermassive black hole, this may provide us with insight into a process which may be responsible for the recently discovered stellar mass black hole mergers that have been detected through gravitational waves."
What makes G-objects unusual is their "puffiness." It is rare for a star to be cloaked by a layer of dust and gas so thick that astronomers do not see the star directly. They only see the glowing envelope of dust. To see the objects through their hazy environment, Campbell developed a tool called OSIRIS-Volume Display (OsrsVol).
"OsrsVol allowed us to isolate these G-objects from the background emission and analyze the spectral data in three dimensions: two spatial dimensions, and the wavelength dimension that provides velocity information," said Campbell.
"Once we were able to distinguish the objects in a 3-D data cube, we could then track their motion over time relative to the black hole."
"Keck Observatory has been observing the galactic Center every year for 20 years with some of the best instruments and technologies," said Ciurlo.
"This alone gives a very high quality and consistent data set, which allowed us to go deep into the analysis of the data.
These newly discovered infrared sources could potentially be G-objects - G3, G4, and G5 - because they share the physical characteristics of G1 and G2.
This 3-D spectro-imaging data cube was produced using software called OsrsVol, short for OSIRIS-Volume Display. W. M. Keck Observatory Science Operations Lead Randy Campbell developed this custom volume rendering tool to separate G3, G4, and G5 from the background emission. Once the 3-D analysis was performed, the team could clearly distinguish the G-objects, which allowed them to follow their movement and see how they behave around the supermassive black hole.
The team will continue to follow the size and shape of the G-objects' orbits, which could provide important clues as to how they formed.
The astronomers will especially be paying close attention when these dusty stellar compact objects make their closest approach to the supermassive black hole. This will allow them to further observe their behavior and see whether the objects remain intact just as G1 and G2 did, or become a snack for the supermassive black hole. Only then will they give away their true nature.
"We'll have to wait a few decades for this to happen; about 20 years for G3, and decades longer for G4 and G5," said Morris.
"In the meantime, we can learn more about these puffballs by following their dynamical evolution using OSIRIS."
"Understanding G-objects can teach us a lot about the galactic Center's fascinating and still mysterious environment. There are so many things going on that every localized process can help explain how this extreme, exotic environment works," said Ciurlo.
This research is conducted through a collaboration between Randy Campbell at the W.M. Keck Observatory, members of the galactic Center Group at UCLA (Anna Ciurlo, Mark Morris, and Andrea Ghez) and Rainer Schoedel of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC) in Granada, Spain.
Newest NASA discoveries could boost search for ancient life on Mars
Newest NASA discoveries could boost search for ancient life on Mars
In puffs of gas from rocks more than 3 billion years old dug up by one of NASA's robotic explorers on Mars, scientists have identified several complex organic molecules — possible building blocks for ancient life.
It's not aliens. (It's never aliens.)
But it is “consistent with the past presence of biology,” said Ken Williford, an astrobiologist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. “And it makes us more confident that if biomarkers” — or direct evidence of biologic activity — “are there, we might find them.”
In two studies published today in the journal Science, this new finding from NASA's Curiosity rover is paired with another discovery: The planet's methane — another organic molecule usually (but not always) produced by living beings — varies with the seasons. In the past, scientists have seen plumes and patches of this intriguing substance, but this is the first time they've been able to discern a pattern in its presence. The result could pave the way for future missions to pin down the methane's source.
“The closer we look, the more we see that Mars is a complex, dynamic planet that — particularly early in its history — was more conducive to life than we might have previously imagined,” said Williford, who was not involved in either study.
A reminder: Organic molecules aren't necessarily produced by organisms; they're just chemical compounds that contain carbon. But they're of interest to astrobiologists because they are the essential ingredients in all the chemistry that drives life on Earth.
Mars's Gale Crater, where Curiosity has been trolling around for the past six years, is a particularly interesting place to look for those molecules. About 3.5 billion years ago, research suggests, this pockmark on the Martian surface was brimming with water.
But the water vanished when most of the Martian atmosphere was stripped away by brutal solar winds. And, given the intensity of the radiation bombarding the planet's surface, it wasn't clear whether any relics from that warm, wet period could still be preserved in mudstones on the lake's dried-up floor.
Using Curiosity's Sample Analysis at Mars instrument — which heats soil and rock samples to examine their contents — astrobiologist Jennifer Eigenbrode and her colleagues were able to identify an array of interesting organic molecules: ring structures known as aromatics, sulfur compounds and long carbon chains. Even more compelling was the fact that these compounds seemed to have broken off even bigger, more complex “macromolecules” — substances found on Earth in coal, black shale and other ancient organic remains.
“What we have detected is what we would expect from a sample from an ancient lake environment on Earth,” said Eigenbrode, of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
There are some non-biological explanations for the detection — this combination of compounds has also been found in meteorites. But that explanation, too, suggests a provocative possibility; even if the organic molecules didn't come from life, they are exactly what life likes to eat. Perhaps the meteorite-delivered molecules provided fuel for ancient alien organisms.
Regardless, the detection is a technical achievement, said Williford, because it demonstrates that organic molecules can persist near Mars's surface for billions of years. If scientists keep drilling deeper and more widely, as they plan to do with the European and Russian space agencies' ExoMars rover and NASA's Mars 2020 mission, who knows what they might find? (Williford is deputy project scientist for Mars 2020.)
The methane study, spearheaded by JPL atmospheric scientist Chris Webster, is also intriguing for astrobiologists. On Earth, 1,800 out of every billion molecules in the atmosphere is methane, and 95 percent of it comes for biological sources: burning fossil fuels, decomposing debris, burping cows. Some of our planet's earliest organisms may have been methanogens — microbes that eat organic molecules and exhale methane gas.
Several spacecraft including Curiosity have detected whiffs of this gas that “defied explanation,” Webster said. Methane is quickly broken down by radiation, so it must be replenished by some source on the planet. One explanation “that no one talks about but is in the back of everyone's mind,” as Goddard planetary scientist Mike Mumma put it to Science last winter, is that methanogens beneath the Martian surface were breathing it out.
“You'd expect life to be seasonal,” Mumma noted. But it was also possible that puffs of methane were delivered to the desert world by crashing meteorites or other less thrilling sources.
By examining data spanning nearly three Martian years (six Earth years), Webster and his colleagues discerned the first repeating pattern in Martian methane. During the summer months, levels of the gas detected by Curiosity rose to about 0.7 parts per billion; in winter, they fell to roughly half that. They suggest that warmer conditions might release the gas from reservoirs beneath the surface.
The results don't explain shorter-lived spikes in methane levels — as high as 45 parts per billion — that have been detected. And even if the reservoir explanation is correct, it remains to be seen what's feeding them.
To determine whether the methane is biological, Webster said, scientists can weigh the kinds of carbon atoms it contains (life prefers the lighter versions). Future missions might also seek places where there's “significant seepage” and attempt to figure out its source.
In a commentary for Science, astrobiologist Inge Loes ten Kate of the Utrecht University in the Netherlands, explained what makes these two studies so compelling:
“Curiosity has shown that Gale crater was habitable around 3.5 billion years ago, with conditions comparable to those on the early Earth, where life evolved around that time,” she wrote. “The question of whether life might have originated or existed on Mars is a lot more opportune now that we know that organic molecules were present on its surface at that time.”
Alien disclosure soon? Turkey Govt confirms authenticity of UFO sighting in 2009
Alien disclosure soon? Turkey Govt confirms authenticity of UFO sighting in 2009
By Nirmal Narayanan
It happened on May 13, 2009, at around 2.20 AM and the flying object had interestingly two aliens sitting in the UFO.
Representational picture of UFO. For the first time a Turkish government agency has confirmed the authenticity of UFO in a 2009 video. (Youtube)YouTube screenshot/ secureteam10
Conspiracy theorists all across the world are now in a state of ecstasy as NASA, the world's leading space agency has confirmed the presence of organic matter on Mars.
The presence of organic matter and methane on Mars could indicate the existence of ancient alien life forms on the Red Planet, they said and in another development, the Turkish government has confirmed the authenticity of a UFO sighting that it said happened way back in 2009.
The bizarre sighting apparently happened on May 13, 2009, at around 2.20 AM. The video shows an eerie flying object hovering in the skies, and interestingly two aliens sitting in the UFO were clearly visible in the footage.
Upon the release of the video, it sparked debate among alien buffs and UFO enthusiasts. The Council for Scientific and Technological Research insisted on studying this video to check its authenticity. Now, after nearly nine years, the Council has made it clear that the object spotted in the video did not have any earthly roots. The research report also added that the video was not subjected to any kind of editing, the object present in the video exists intact as in the original record.
"Even though a detailed analysis of the footage is conducted, it might still remain unidentified. Hence, other reference objects need to be recorded in the same frame with a disputable object and further shootings need to be done by ourselves with special equipment in the same locations and conditions," said the government agency, reports Disclose TV.
Between 2007 and 2009, several UFO incidents took place in Turkey which involved 12 eyewitnesses. Many UFO buffs consider the sightings in Turkey the most authentic alien sighting which has ever happened in the human history.
Collectively called the Kumburgaz UFO incident, the mysteries surrounding these sightings still remain unanswered.
Jupiter is nothing but clouds, a mass of gas floating in space. So, the question of how lightning storms exist there (or, for that matter, on the “Cloud City” planet Bespin, in Star Wars) has intrigued scientists ever since NASA’s Voyager 1 probe first sent back evidence of Jovian lightning in March 1979. That data — visible light and radio signals produced by the bolts’ electrical discharges — suggested that lightning there is different from that on Earth. Now, after 39 years, a NASA study sheds light on the true nature of Jupiter’s mysterious bolts.
For the past two years, NASA’s Juno space probe has been arcing by Jupiter, swinging close enough to the gas giant’s cloud cover to solve the mystery. Juno’s findings, described in the Naturepaper published Wednesday, suggest that most of NASA’s head-scratching in 1979 was warranted: Jupiter’s lightning seemed different than Earth’s because the data showed only a part of the picture. “No matter what planet you’re on, lightning bolts act like radio transmitters — sending out radio waves when they flash across a sky,” according to a statementreleased Wednesday by lead author Shannon Brown, Ph.D., a researcher at the Airborne Science Program at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA’s 39 years of confusion, it seems, may come down to the fact that early probes were unable to detect the relevant waves.
An animated representation of NASA’s Juno spacecraft's 53-day polar orbit around Jupiter.
The original Voyager 1 data showed that Jupiter’s lightning had a curious gap in the megahertz and gigahertz ranges typical of lightning here on Earth. In particular, the data showed only emissions in the low-frequency kilohertz range; on Earth, lightning emissions are usually measured in the high-frequency gigahertz range. Juno’s sensitive Microwave Radiometer Instrument (MWR)’s recordings of the planet’s electromagnetic emissions, however, show that the relevant emissions were always there. The key was swooping close enough to the lightning to get a closer look.
“In the data from our first eight flybys, Juno’s MWR detected 377 lightning discharges,” says Brown. “They were recorded in the megahertz as well as gigahertz range, which is what you can find with terrestrial lightning emissions. We think the reason we are the only ones who can see it is because Juno is flying closer to the lightning than ever before.” Specifically, Juno reached within 3,000 miles of Jupiter’s cloud cover at the closest point in its orbit. Another reason that Juno’s MWR succeeded where many previous satellite probes — like Voyagers 1 and 2, Galileo, and Cassini — failed is, in part, because it was listening to Jupiter’s electrical storms on a radio frequency capable of passing through the charged particles in the planet’s ionosphere. (“The measurements were at 600 MHz,” Brown said in an email to Inverse.)
The new data puts to rest an older theory attempting to explain why previous probes circling Jupiter were not able to pick up megahertz or gigahertz signals: In 1985, French astrophysicist Philippe Zarka, Ph.D. speculated in an Astronomy and Astrophysics letter that Jupiter’s lightning only produced those lower-hertz range signals because it moved eerily slow compare to Earth lightning. That strange explanation can be shelved now, but there are still truly unusual things about Jupiter’s lightning. All lightning is formed, in part, as a reaction to heat, which is one of the reasons that lightning on Earth strikes most at points near the equator. But on Jupiter, the heat from the sun along the equator merely cancels out the heat emanating out from the planet’s hot core. The result is that lightning strikes most on Jupiter at the poles, where the hot/cold fronts from the core and the upper atmosphere provoke the most turbulence.
Juno will continue to collect data from Jupiter until at least July 2021, thanks to a recent extension from NASA, a good thing given that the findings continue to produce new questions. For example: “Even though we see lightning near both poles,” Brown asks, rhetorically, “why is it mostly recorded at Jupiter’s north pole?”
During a recent press conference, NASA scientists made two major announcements that further strengthen the case for a potentially habitable Martian past.
Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS
In the first part of the announcement, NASA researchers announced the discovery of organic compounds in 3.5-billion-year-old rocks sampled at Gale Crater. The site is poised between Mars’ flat northern lowlands and the heavily cratered southern hemisphere, and presumably used to be an ancient lake and potentially habitable environment.
Jim Bridenstine✔@JimBridenstine
#BREAKING@NASA news! @MarsCuriosity rover found organic molecules on Mars! While this doesn’t mean that we’ve found concrete evidence of life on Mars, it is a good sign in our continuing search. We’re sending the Mars 2020 rover to dig deeper! https://go.nasa.gov/2JsPaON
NASA Finds Ancient Organic Material, Mysterious Methane on Mars
NASA’s Curiosity rover has found new evidence preserved in rocks on Mars that suggests the planet could have supported ancient life, as well as new evidence in the Martian atmosphere that relates to...
These compounds, such as thiophene, 2- and 3-methylthiophenes, methanethiol, and dimethylsulfide, all point to an organic chemistry in Martian mudstone that is eerily similar to ours. Organic compounds are typically produced by lifeforms, although they could very well be sourced otherwise, such as from meteorites. So, this discovery doesn’t necessarily prove the lakebed was inhabited by life — it’s just another circumstantial evidence that it might have been. The novel organic compounds were identified by the rover’s Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument which sniffed dust sampled thanks to the rover’s recently repaired drill.
“Curiosity has not determined the source of the organic molecules,” said Jen Eigenbrode of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, who is lead author of one of the two new Science papers. “Whether it holds a record of ancient life, was food for life, or has existed in the absence of life, organic matter in Martian materials holds chemical clues to planetary conditions and processes.”
In the second part of the announcement, researchers explained how methane levels recorded by Curiosity varied by the season. Over the last five years, the rover’s Tunable Laser Spectrometer measured the methane levels in the atmosphere around it. Methane levels average 0.41 parts per billion (ppb), but varied from 0.24 to 0.65 ppb depending on the season. Because a day on Mars is about 24hours and 37 minutes long and the Red Planet’s axial tilt is almost identical to Earth’s, the seasons there follow a remarkably similar variation to those on Earth.
The seasonal variability of Methane on Mars is indicative of some geological process. Perhaps there is more active water in the subsurface than previously thought.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech.
“This is the first time we’ve seen something repeatable in the methane story, so it offers us a handle in understanding it,” said Chris Webster of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, lead author of the second paper. “This is all possible because of Curiosity’s longevity. The long duration has allowed us to see the patterns in this seasonal ‘breathing.'”
These recent breakthroughs raise confidence that NASA’s upcoming 2020 rover mission, as well as ESA’s Exomars rover, will be able to find even more organics in the Martian shallow subsurface.
“Are there signs of life on Mars?” said Michael Meyer, lead scientist for NASA’s Mars Exploration Program, at NASA Headquarters. “We don’t know, but these results tell us we are on the right track.”
Both studies were published in the journal Science (1 and 2).
Life on Mars? NASA discovers best evidence yet of potential life on Red Planet
Life on Mars? NASA discovers best evidence yet of potential life on Red Planet
NASA’s Curiosity rover has uncovered organic material in an ancient lakebed and confirmed a seasonal cycle of methane - offering the strongest evidence yet of potential life, past or even present, on the Red Planet.
The discoveries were revealed by NASA researchers in a highly-anticipated announcement on Thursday, and details have been published in the journal Science.
The revelations build on a similar announcement made by NASA in 2014, where scientists confirmed that they had discovered chlorinated molecules on the planet for the first time. This latest evidence, however, is far more compelling.
Ancient organic material & mysterious methane! @MarsCuriosity rover has found new evidence preserved in rocks suggesting the planet could’ve supported ancient life + new evidence in the atmosphere that relates to the search for current life on Mars: https://go.nasa.gov/2LwxeDs
The Curiosity rover discovered organic matter preserved in 3-billion-year-old mudstones at the Gale Crater. The material was located in the first layers of rock, some four miles away from where the chlorinated molecules had been found.
“All life as we know it is based on organic molecules,” Jen Eigenbrode, a research scientist at Goddard, said during the press announcement, suggesting that, while this evidence doesn’t definitely prove there is life on Mars, the signs are there to investigate further.
Oh, these are #organics in my neighborhood... Methane swells each summer and ancient carbon-compounds locked in rocks. I haven't found life on Mars, but signs say…we’re on the right track. https://go.nasa.gov/2HwATPi
Questions remain, however, as to how the organic material was formed. “While we don’t know the source of the material, the amazing consistency of the results makes me think we have a slam-dunk signal for organics on Mars,” Eigenbrode said. “It is not telling us that life was there, but it is saying that everything organisms really needed to live in that kind of environment, all of that was there.”
Another team of scientists, led by Christopher Webster from the California Institute of Technology, presented evidence that methane concentrations detected on Mars follow strong seasonal variations. The seasonal variation provides an important clue for determining the origin of martian methane.
Webster explained that this is an exciting discovery because 99 percent of methane produced on earth has a biological origin, giving examples of rice paddies and termites. He also pointed out that as methane only lasts for 300 years in the atmosphere and any detections mean that it was created or released relatively recently.
Overall, the latest discoveries bode well for future endeavours. "The chances of being able to find signs of ancient life with future missions, if life ever was present, just went up," said Curiosity's project scientist, Ashwin Vasavada.
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Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
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