Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 10 MONTHS.
ON 06/04/2024 MORE THAN 1.951.050
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
Art Campbell’s wife informed me yesterday that her beloved husband passed away on October 28. This sad news really came as a surprise to me. I sent her my deepest condolences on her loss.
My email exchanges with Art Campbell have always been very amicable in nature and I’ll always be very grateful to him for the free documentation he has sent me over the years pertaining to UFOs, in particular to his long research re the alleged July, 1947 UFO crash at The Plains of San Augustin and the associated metallurgical analyses of wreckage which was found at the site. For those of you who didn’t know him, I’ve included a link to his website.
Most of us have dreamed of traveling through time, backward or forwards, faster than those around us. And surprisingly, recent work has shown us that time travel is far more than just a dream. In fact, a number of researchers have explored, and are currently exploring, the legitimacy of time travel. While they haven’t quite gotten to the point where they are able to time travel themselves—these researchers have found some concrete science backing it up.
This past June, I met with James Beacham, a particle physicist at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), at Brain Bar Budapest, a festival focused on science and the future, to talk about the ways in which time travel has enraptured humanity and discuss both the logistical and technical potential of time travel.
Beacham began by outlining the ways that, according to Einstein’s theories, time travel is technically possible through a number of different methods.
“If space can be bent, then spacetime can be bent.”
One proposed method of time travel is via wormholes. “We know that space can be bent. If space can be bent by, say, gravity, then spacetime can be bent,” Beacham said. To clarify, space is the three-dimensional body in which all things in the universe move. Spacetime, however, is the combined concepts of space and time into a four-dimensional continuum. You may have even seen spacetime portrayed as a fabric, manipulated by energy. If spacetime can be bent, Beacham continued, it’s theoretically possible that time can be bent.
Recently, evidence for this theory has moved beyond the strictly theoretical. A couple of years ago, scientists built what they described as a “wormhole.” Their model, however, created a portal for magnetic fields. As Smithsonian outlined, “if another magnetic field travels through the wormhole, it appears to leave space altogether, only showing up at either end.”
So it doesn’t exactly teleport particles (or people) across spacetime, but it does highlight the continual advances that are being made in our ability to manipulate the various fundamental forces in our universe, and ultimately, the manipulation of this force is an important step towards creating a simplified wormhole that would allow us to send electromagnetic waves through an invisible tunnel. Perhaps, one day, we will be able to manipulate spacetime in a similar manner.
So while wormholes remain theoretically possible and important steps are being made, wormholes in spacetime, specifically, have yet to be observed or created.
Another potential method of time travel is time dilation. Einstein’s theories predicted that time passes differently throughout the universe. We now know this to be true—clocks tick slower on the International Space Station (ISS) than they do here on Earth, for example. This happens because time moves slower for objects that are near strong gravitational fields (such as Earth) than for objects further from these fields, like the ISS.
So by spending time off Earth’s surface and returning at a later point, a human could, in a sense, fast forward through time. If you could get close to a black hole, because there are such strong gravitational forces in the vicinity, time would slow to a mesmerizing degree. Thousands of Earth-years might pass by while only a few seconds tick by near a supermassive black hole.
Time dilation also comes into play where speed is concerned. If we were to, say, travel at 95% of the speed of light, time would slow down dramatically. So again, thousands of Earth-years could pass by in what the traveler experiences as just a few moments.
And this is just the beginning, as there are a number of different ways in which we could make time travel into a reality. Scientists from various disciplines are investigating different methods for us to make more dramatic jumps through time, like using circulating light beams, which can be created through the use of gamma and magnetic fields to twist space and cause time to be twisted. Other methods include quantum tunneling and hypothetical cosmic strings.
Of course, just because something is theoretically possible doesn’t mean it’s technically feasible. At least, not yet. We can’t make wormholes, and we can’t travel near the speed of light. But there is hope that we could achieve these things in the very near future. “We could possibly address things about time travel and understand the basic nature of time with the research that we do now. Or at least, in the next 50 to 100 years,” Beacham said.
Documentary film producer, Thomas Mickey Jensen of Mars Moon Space TV has released an independent film entitled “DocUFObia”. The film is comprised of video clips from official NASA STS and ISS missions that show strange anomalies in space that appear to change direction and speed. After watching it myself, I must admit.... Something very strange is going on. The film is hosted by Billy Carson, who is an expert host on Gaia’s original streaming series, Deep Space. Billy Carson has also been on may shows surrounding these topics and his research has been used in many documentaries and films. The documentary also features Dollie Indigostar from the UK. Dollie is also the co-host of Social Media UFO’s which is broadcasts live on Wednesdays every week. Leading the pack is Thomas Mickey Jensen. Millions of people have see his research all over the world. His work has made international news many times over and this film is his 5th major production.
DocUFObia seeks to find an answer to this question.... Is there of the life in the universe?
We’re all familiar with the idea of solar sails to explore the Solar System, using the light pressure from the Sun. But there’s another propulsion system that could harness the power of the Sun, electric sails, and it’s a pretty exciting idea.
A few weeks ago, I tackled a question someone had about my favorite exotic propulsion systems, and I rattled off a few ideas that I find exciting: solar sails, nuclear rockets, ion engines, etc. But there’s another propulsion system that keeps coming up, and I totally forgot to mention, but it’s one of the best ideas I’ve heard in awhile: electric sails.
Artist concept of a solar sail demonstration mission that will use lasers for navigation. Credit: NASA.
As you probably know, a solar sail works by harnessing the photons of light streaming from the Sun. Although photons are massless, they do have momentum, and can transfer it when they bounce off a reflective surface.
In addition to light, the Sun is also blowing off a steady stream of charged particles – the solar wind. A team of engineers from Finland, led by Dr. Pekka Janhunen, has proposed building an electric sail that will use these particles to carry spacecraft out into the Solar System.
To understand how this works, I’ll need to jam a few concepts into your brain.
First, the Sun. That deadly ball of radiation in the sky. As you probably know, there’s a steady stream of charged particles, mainly electrons and protons, zipping away from the Sun in all directions.
Visualization of the solar wind encountering Earth’s magnetic “defenses” known as the magnetosphere. Clouds of southward-pointing plasma are able to peel back layers of the Sun-facing bubble and stack them into layers on the planet’s nightside (center, right). The layers can be squeezed tightly enough to reconnect and deliver solar electrons (yellow sparkles) directly into the upper atmosphere to create the aurora. Credit: JPL
Astronomers aren’t entirely sure how, but some mechanism in the Sun’s corona, its upper atmosphere, accelerates these particles on an escape velocity. Their speed varies from 250 to 750 km/s.
Solar Wind Power
The solar wind travels away from the Sun, and out into space. We see its effects on comets, giving them their characteristic tails, and it forms a bubble around the Solar System known as the heliosphere. This is where the solar wind from the Sun meets the collective solar winds from the other stars in the Milky Way.
The solar wind does cause a direct pressure, like an actual wind, but it’s incredibly weak, a fraction of the light pressure a solar sail experiences.
This artist’s concept shows the Voyager 1 spacecraft entering the space between stars. Interstellar space is dominated by plasma, ionized gas (illustrated here as brownish haze), that was thrown off by giant stars millions of years ago. Credit: NASA.
But the solar wind is negatively charged, and this is the key.
An electric sail works by reeling out an incredibly thin wire, just 25 microns thick, but 20 kilometers long. The spacecraft is equipped with solar panels and an electron gun which takes just a few hundred watts to run.
By shooting electrons off into space, the spacecraft maintains a highly positive charged state. As the negatively charged particles from the Sun encounter the positively charged tether, they “see” it a huge obstacle 100 meters across, and crash into it.
By imparting their momentum into the tether and spacecraft, the ions accelerate it away from the Sun.
The amount of acceleration is very weak, but it’s constant pressure from the Sun and can add up over a long period of time. For example, if a 1000 kg spacecraft had 100 of these wires extending out in all directions, it could receive an acceleration of 1 mm per second per second.
In the first second it travels 1 mm, and then 2 mm in the next second, etc. Over the course of a year, this spacecraft could be going 30 km/s. Just for comparison, the fastest spacecraft out there, NASA’s Voyager 1, is merely going about 17 km/s. So, much faster, definitely on an escape velocity from the Solar System.
One of the downsides of the method, actually, is that it won’t work within the Earth’s magnetosphere. So an electric sail-powered spacecraft would need to be carried by a traditional rocket away from the Earth before it could unfurl its sail and head out into deep space.
I’m sure you’re wondering if this is a one-way trip to get away from the Sun, but it’s actually not. Just like with solar sails, a electric sail can be pivoted. Depending on which side of the sail the solar wind hits, it either raises or lowers the spacecraft’s orbit from the Sun.
Strike the sail on one side and you raise its orbit to travel to the outer Solar System. But you could also strike the other side and lower its orbit, allowing it to journey down into the inner Solar System. It’s an incredibly versatile propulsion system, and the Sun does all the work.
Although this sounds like science fiction, there are actually some tests in the works. An Estonian prototype satellite was launched back in 2013, but its motor failed to reel out the tether. The Finnish Aalto-1 satellite was launched in June 2017, and one of its experiments is to test out an electric sail.
We should find out if the technique is viable later this year.
The HERTS Mission
It’s not just the Finns who are considering this propulsion system. In 2015, NASA announced that they had awarded a Phase II Innovative Advanced Concepts grant to Dr. Pekka Janhunen and his team to explore how this technology could be used to reach the outer Solar System in less time than other methods.
The Heliopause Electrostatic Rapid Transit System, or HERTS spacecraft would extend 20 of these electric tethers outward from the center, forming a huge circular electric sail to catch the solar wind. By slowly rotating the spacecraft, the centrifugal forces will stretch the tethers out into this circular shape.
Artist’s illustration of NASA’s Heliopause Electrostatic Rapid Transit System. Credit: NASA
With its positive charge, each tether acts like a huge barrier to the solar wind, giving the spacecraft an effective surface area of 600 square kilometers once it launches from the Earth. As it gets farther, from Earth, though, its effective area increases to the equivalent of 1,200 square km by the time it reaches Jupiter.
When a solar sail starts to lose power, an electric sail just keeps accelerating. In fact, it would keep accelerating out past the orbit of Uranus.
If the technology works out, the HERTS mission could reach the heliopause in just 10 years. It took Voyager 1 35 years to reach this distance, 121 astronomical units from the Sun.
But what about steering? By changing the voltage on each wire as the spacecraft rotates, you could have the whole sail interact differently on one side or the other to the solar wind. You could steer the whole spacecraft like the sails on a boat.
In September 2017, a team of researchers with the Finnish Meteorological Institute announced a pretty radical idea for how they might be able to use electric sails to comprehensively explore the asteroid belt.
Instead of a single spacecraft, they proposed building a fleet of 50 separate 5-kg satellites. Each one would reel out its own 20 km-long tether and catch the Sun’s solar wind. Over the course of a 3-year mission, the spacecraft would travel out to the asteroid belt, and visit several different space rocks. The full fleet would probably be able to explore 300 separate objects.
This image depicts the two areas where most of the asteroids in the Solar System are found: the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, and the trojans, two groups of asteroids moving ahead of and following Jupiter in its orbit around the Sun.
Each spacecraft would be equipped with a small telescope with only a 40 mm aperture. That’s about the size of a spotting scope, or half a pair of binoculars, but it would be enough to resolve features on the surface of an asteroid as small as 100 meters across. They’d also have an infrared spectrometer to be able to determine what minerals each asteroid is made of.
That’s a great way to find that $10 trillion asteroid made of solid platinum.
Because the spacecraft would be too small to communicate all the way back to Earth, they’d need to store the data on board, and then transmit everything once they came past our planet 3 years later.
The planetary scientists I’ve talked to love the idea of being able to survey this many different objects at the same time, and the electric sail idea is one of the most efficient methods to do it.
According to the researchers, they could do the mission for about $70 million, bringing the cost to analyze each asteroid down to about $240,000. That would be cheap compared to any other method proposed of studying asteroids.
Space exploration uses traditional chemical rockets because they’re known and reliable. Sure they have their shortcomings, but they’ve taken us across the Solar System, to billions of kilometers away from Earth.
But there are other forms of propulsion in the works, like the electric sail. And over the coming decades, we’re going to see more and more of these ideas put to the test. A fuel free propulsion system that can carry a spacecraft into the outer reaches of the Solar System? Yes please.
I’ll keep you posted when more electric sails are tested.
The hidden world under Antarctica: Researchers reveal what lies beneath the ice
The hidden world under Antarctica: Researchers reveal what lies beneath the ice
Researchers have revealed what actually lies under the western parts of the icy continent of Antarctica.
There is a hidden world under Antarctica, in a new study, researchers have shown giant ‘wetlands’ 800 metres beneath the Ice in western Antarctica. Thanks to the Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (WISSARD) project financed by the National Science Foundation (NSF) researchers are one step closer to discovering exactly what lies beneath the thick ice sheets covering most parts of the icy continent.
Reports indicate that Lake Whillans — first discovered in 2007, covering a staggering area of 20sq miles— which lies beneath 800 meters of ice in Western Antarctica is eerily similar to a ‘wetland.’
Researchers hope that further studies will allow them to understand how sea levels rise, and how ice behaves in response to global warming.
“It is amazing to think that we did not know that this lake even existed until a decade ago.,’ said Helen Amanda Fricker of Scripps, who initially discovered Subglacial Lake Whillans in 2007 from satellite data.
‘It is exciting to see such a rich dataset from the lake, and these new data are helping us understand how lakes function as part of the ice-sheet system.”
Researchers now know that Subglacial Lake Shillans is fed by ice ad contains small amounts of seawater from ancient marine sediments which can be found on the seabed of the lake. The water of the lake periodically drains to the ocean through some channels connecting the lake, however, with insufficient energy to carry much sediment.
The new data will allow researcher to better comprehend the extensive biogeochemistry and mechanics of Lake Whillans, but will also help them improve current models of how Antarctic subglacial lake systems interact with the ice located on the surface and the sediments located below it
Three separate papers analyzed the studies obtained in January of 2013, when the WISSARD project managed to successfully drill through the ice sheet reaching Subglacial Lake Whillan, retrieving water and sediment samples from a body of water that had remained in isolation from direct contact with Earths Atmosphere for thousands of years.
Two of the most interesting papers were those published in Geology and the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters.
According to lead author Alexander Michaud, of Montana State University, they used data taken from a 38-centimeter (15-inch) long core of lake sediment to characterize the water chemistry of the subglacial lake and its sediments. They discovered that lake water primarily originates from melting at the base of the ice sheet covering the subglacial lake and that there was a minor contribution from seawater, trapped in the sediments under the ice during the last interglacial period, a time when the Antarctic ice sheet eventually retreated.
Scientists have found that the ancient, isolated reservoir of ocean water has the ability to affect the biogeochemistry of this lake system.
The second paper published in the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters, lead author Timothy Hodson of Northern Illinois University and his colleagues looked at core sediments taken fro the lake in hopes of discovering more about the relationship of the ice sheet, subglacial hydrology, and underlying sediments. Their discoveries show that while numerous floods pass through the lake every once in a while, the flow of the floods lacks energy in order to erode extensive drainage channels.
Researchers concluded that that the environment beneath the Icy continent is very similar to a wetland within the coastal plain on other parts of the planet.
What we have to understand is that around 170 million years ago, Antarctica was part of the supercontinent called Gondwana. Around 25 million years ago, Antarctica as we know it, gradually broke apart from Gondwana.
According to research, Antarctica was not always cold, dry, and covered in ice sheets. Au contraire, during its long history, Antarctica was located farther north and experienced a tropical or temperate climate, meaning that it was covered in forests, and inhabited by various ancient life forms.
Would you recognise an alien? Scientists suggest that extra-terrestrials may be shaped by natural selection and could 'look like us' Previous studies made predictions about aliens based on what we see on Earth But in a new study, scientists have used evol
Would you recognise an alien? Scientists suggest that extra-terrestrials may be shaped by natural selection and could 'look like us'
Previous studies made predictions about aliens based on what we see on Earth
But in a new study, scientists have used evolutionary theory to make predictions
Scientists suggest aliens are likely to be shaped by the same processes as us
They are likely to exist in various complexities, ranging from basic cell-like aliens to aliens with intricate human-like parts
They're regularly depicted in science fiction blockbusters as other-worldly, monster-like beings.
But a new study suggests that in reality, aliens could be more similar to us than thought.
The research indicates that aliens are potentially shaped by the same processes that shaped humans, such as natural selection, and that they may even 'look like us.'
Scroll down for video
They're regularly depicted in science fiction blockbusters as other-worldly, monster-like beings. But a new study suggests that in reality, aliens could be more similar to us than thought
THE EVOLUTION OF ALIENS
Researchers have shown for the first time how evolutionary theory can be used to predict alien behaviour.
Their theory supports the argument that foreign life forms undergo natural selection, and like us, are evolving to be stronger over time.
Using the idea of alien natural selection as a framework, the researchers addressed extra-terrestrial evolution, and how complexity will arise in space.
On Earth, species have become more complex as a result of a handful of events.
These transitions occur when a group of separate organisms evolve into a higher-level organism - when cells become multi-cellular organisms, for example.
Data suggests that extreme conditions are required for major transitions to occur.
Researchers from the University of Oxford have shown for the first time how evolutionary theory can be used to predict alien behaviour.
Their theory supports the argument that foreign life forms undergo natural selection, and like us, are evolving to be stronger over time.
Mr Sam Levin, lead author of the study, said: 'A fundamental task for astrobiologists (those who study life in the cosmos) is thinking about what extra-terrestrial life might be like.
'But making predictions about aliens is hard.
'We only have one example of life - life on Earth - to extrapolate from.
'Past approaches in the field of astrobiology have been largely mechanistic, taking what we see on Earth, and what we know about chemistry, geology, and physics to make predictions about aliens.
'In our paper, we offer an alternative approach, which is to use evolutionary theory to make predictions that are independent of Earth's details.
'This is a useful approach, because theoretical predictions will apply to aliens that are silicon based, do not have DNA, and breathe nitrogen, for example.'
Using the idea of alien natural selection as a framework, the researchers addressed extra-terrestrial evolution, and how complexity will arise in space.
On Earth, species have become more complex as a result of a handful of events.
Pictured is a fictitious alien called 'The Octomite' that comprises a hierarchy of entities (pictured is circles, right)
These illustrations represent different levels of adaptive complexity that aliens may have gone through. (a) A simple replicating molecule, with no apparent design (b) An incredibly simple, cell-like entity (c) An alien with many intricate parts working together
These transitions occur when a group of separate organisms evolve into a higher-level organism - when cells become multi-cellular organisms, for example.
Data suggests that extreme conditions are required for major transitions to occur - and the same may be true for aliens.
In terms of looks, the researchers make a number of predictions about aliens.
WHAT WILL ALIENS LOOK LIKE?
In terms of looks, the researchers make a number of predictions about aliens.
Mr Levin said: 'We still can't say whether aliens will walk on two legs or have big green eyes.
'But we believe evolutionary theory offers a unique additional tool for trying to understand what aliens will be like, and we have shown some examples of the kinds of strong predictions we can make with it.
'By predicting that aliens have undergone major transitions - which is how complexity has arisen in species on earth, we can say that there is a level of predictability to evolution that would cause them to look like us.
'Like humans, we predict that they are made-up of a hierarchy of entities, which all cooperate to produce an alien.
'At each level of the organism there will be mechanisms in place to eliminate conflict, maintain cooperation, and keep the organism functioning.
Mr Levin added: 'We still can't say whether aliens will walk on two legs or have big green eyes.
'But we believe evolutionary theory offers a unique additional tool for trying to understand what aliens will be like, and we have shown some examples of the kinds of strong predictions we can make with it.
'By predicting that aliens have undergone major transitions - which is how complexity has arisen in species on Earth, we can say that there is a level of predictability to evolution that would cause them to look like us.
They're regularly depicted in science fiction blockbusters as other-worldly, monster-like beings. But a new study suggests that in reality, aliens could be more similar to us than thought (stock image)
'Like humans, we predict that they are made-up of a hierarchy of entities, which all cooperate to produce an alien.
'At each level of the organism there will be mechanisms in place to eliminate conflict, maintain cooperation, and keep the organism functioning.
'There are potentially hundreds of thousands of habitable planets in our galaxy alone.
'We can't say whether or not we're alone on Earth, but we have taken a small step forward in answering, if we're not alone, what our neighbours are like.'
It may be the most important asteroid spotted yet, and it's already gone
NASA/JPL-CalTech
It's really rare that we get any visitors from outside the solar system. In fact, astronomers believe they only spotted one for the first time earlier this month when an object that's probably an asteroid whipped by us.
The previously unknown space rock, currently designated A/2017 U1, dropped into our solar system from above the flattish ecliptic plane where most planets, asteroids and comets native to our system rotate around the sun. It then slingshotted around our star and back out to deep space, but not before scientists got a better look at the visitor.
By looking at the asteroid's trajectory, scientists have determined that A/2017 U1 likely came from the direction of the star Vega and the constellation Lyra. It began a close approach to the sun in September, then swung around the star and passed within 15 million miles of Earth on Oct. 14. Problem is, it wasn't spotted until Oct. 18, when it was already heading away from us.
Still, telescopes and astronomers swung into action to observe the retreating visitor. The Liverpool Telescope in the Canary Islands managed to capture this cool sequence last week of the vagabond minor planet:
What's possibly the first visitor from beyond the grasp of the sun's gravity, captured in one glorious GIF.
Liverpool John Moores University
The alien asteroid is interesting not just because of its potentially interstellar origin, but also because of its speed -- it was seen rocketing by us at 15.8 miles (25.5 kilometers) per second. It also turns out to be a little more colorful than the drab gray rocks we tend to picture when we think of asteroids. In fact, NASA astronomer Joseph Masiero says A/2017 U1 is actually red.
The data that scientists were able to grab isn't great and the margin for error is significant, but Masiero wrote up his findings in a brief paper (PDF) showing that the asteroid looks to be largely featureless and red like many objects from the Kuiper Belt beyond Neptune.
It may be hard to get much more data on the itinerant asteroid that paid us such a brief but significant visit. Still, it seems worthy of a better name than just A/2017 U1. I suggest "Red Rama" after its apparent hue and the series of Arthur C. Clarke "Rama" novels that pretty accurately described its journey. (Disclosure: This is not a completely original suggestion. See below.)
Astronomers have found a giant planet where it does not belong: orbiting tightly around a tiny star.
The scientists are saying their discovery contradicts popular models of how the planets formed.
A study in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society describes the planet as a “hot Jupiter” — a planet roughly the size and consistency of our own Jupiter, a gas giant, but orbiting much closer to its host. That host star is an M dwarf, a type of red dwarf star that is small and cool compared to average stars like our sun.
Red dwarfs are the most common type of star in the universe, but they aren’t the kind you see when you look up at the night sky because they are too dim for the naked eye. Still, their abundance makes them prime targets for scientists hunting for exoplanets, in the search for alien life. They also offer interesting conditions for studying the habitability of other worlds. For example, the Trappist-1 solar system discovery scientists announced earlier this year includes seven Earth-sized rocky planets tightly orbiting their red dwarf star, all close to one another, but the small size and lower temperature of that star means at least three of them might still be the right temperature to support life — within the star’s habitable zone.
An artist’s impression shows a red dwarf star with a gas giant planet, NGTS-1b, orbiting it against the backdrop of the Milky Way.
Photo: University of Warwick/Mark Garlick
Scientists found the hot Jupiter NGTS-1b by spotting it as it was passing in front of its own dwarf, from the vantage point of Earth. The enormous planet is only a few million miles away from its star and finishes an orbit in about two and a half Earth days. It has a temperature of almost 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
Planetary formation theories suggest that small stars like this red dwarf are not home to planets as big as Jupiter, although rocky planets may form around them. By simply existing around a star that is half the size of our sun, NGTS-1b punctures a big hole in that idea.
According to the University of Warwick, the hot Jupiter’s size compared to the size of its star represents the smallest planet-to-star size ratio scientists have ever found.
“Despite being a monster of a planet, NGTS-1b was difficult to find because its parent star is so small and faint,” Warwick researcher Peter Wheatley said in the RAS statement. “Small stars like this red M-dwarf are actually the most common in the universe, so it is possible that there are many of these giant planets waiting to found.”
Lead study author Daniel Bayliss, also from Warwick, said the next step is for astronomers to find out how common this sort of setup is throughout the galaxy.
A giant planet scientists recently discovered orbiting a red dwarf star represents the smallest planet-to-star size ratio they’ve ever found, shown in this artist’s impression.
Photo: University of Warwick/Mark Garlick
Beyond the search for alien life, hot Jupiters offer unique conditions that scientists aim to study to better understand planetary conditions in general.
“To date most exoplanet surveys have looked at stars like the sun, but most stars in the Milky Way are much smaller,” theoretical astrophysicist and study co-author Richard Alexander said in a statement from the University of Leicester. Discoveries like NGTS-1b are “opening a new window on the exoplanet population, and will offer key new insights into how planets form and evolve in different environments.”
The 'alien tundra: The finds include KOI-7923.01, an exoplanet 97 per cent the size of Earth, but colder that astonomers says could be similar to the Arctic tundra, shown here.
THE EARTH TWIN
KOI-7923.01 takes 395 Earth days to orbit its star.
Its cooler temperature is due to its distance from its star and the fact that the star is slightly cooler than our sun.
This means it may be a little more like tundra regions on Earth than temperate ones, but is still warm enough and large enough to hold the liquid water essential to life as we know it, New Scientist said.
'If you had to choose one to send a spacecraft to, it's not a bad option,' Jeff Coughlin, a Kepler team lead who helped find the potential planets, told New Scientist.
KOI-7923.01 takes 395 Earth days to orbit its star.
Its cooler temperature is due to its distance from its star and the fact that the star is slightly cooler than our sun.
This means it may be a little more like tundra regions on Earth than temperate ones, but is still warm enough and large enough to hold the liquid water essential to life as we know it, New Scientist said.
However, the team admits more observations are needed before the finds can be confirmed.
The catalog was created using a new tool called the Robovetter which automatically analyses Kepler finds.
'We present the Kepler Object of Interest (KOI) catalog of transiting exoplanets based on searching four years of Kepler time series photometry,' they wrote.
'The catalog contains 8054 KOIs of which 4034 are planet candidates with periods between 0.25 and 632 days.
'Of these candidates, 219 are new in this catalog and include two new candidates in multi-planet systems (KOI-82.06 and KOI-2926.05), and ten new high-reliability, terrestrial-size, habitable zone candidates'
Earlier this year the Kepler spacecraft has detected 219 new exoplanet candidates – and ten could be habitable.
In a press briefing earlier this year at NASA's Ames Research Center, scientists revealed the 'most reliable' catalog yet of potential planets in our galaxy, bringing the total to 4,034.
According to the scientists, over 2,300 planets spotted during the Kepler missions have been confirmed so far, including over 30 terrestrial-sized planets that lie in the 'Goldilocks Zone' of their star.
I a press briefing today, scientists revealed the 'most reliable' catalog yet of potential planets in our galaxy, bringing the total to 4,034. In addition, the researchers identified a notable distinction between groupings of small planets that could help guide the search for alien life
A NEW BRANCH IN THE 'FAMILY TREE'
In addition to the new exoplanet candidates, the researchers also identified a notable distinction between groupings of small planets, akin to a new branch in their 'family tree.'
With the Kepler observations and the W. M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii, the researchers found groups of small planets could be divided among two categories: rocky, Earth-sized planets, and gaseous planets smaller than Neptune.
The finding suggests that – for reasons not yet understood – the universe tends to create rocky planets up to about 75 percent bigger than Earth.
And, roughly half of these planets take on small amounts of hydrogen and helium, causing them to dramatically increase in size.
As a result, they ‘jump the gap,’ to become one of the Neptune-sized worlds.
Of the 219 new planet candidates, 10 are near-Earth sized and orbit within the habitable zone of their host star, the Kepler scientists revealed during the briefing today.
The habitable zone represents a range in which a planet could be the right temperature to host liquid water at the surface.
With the new analysis, the number of terrestrial-sized candidates in habitable zones has now climbed to about 50, with over 30 confirmed as exoplanets.
The closest candidate to Earth is an object known as K77-11, the researchers say.
It receives just about the same amount of energy as we do from our sun, and is only slightly larger than Earth, at 1.3 Earth-radii, explained Susan Thompson, Kepler research scientist at the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California.
The latest catalog represents Kepler’s final survey from the Cygnus constellation, and spans the spacecraft’s first four years of data.
Of the 4,034 candidates identified so far, 2,335 have now been verified.
Researchers say the findings could ultimately help guide the search for alien life, offering ‘the most complete and reliable accounting of distant worlds to date.’
The latest catalog represents Kepler’s final survey from the Cygnus constellation, and spans the spacecraft’s first four years of data. The Kepler spacecraft has detected 219 new exoplanet candidates – and ten could be habitable
With the new analysis, the number of terrestrial-sized candidates in habitable zones has now climbed to about 50, with over 30 confirmed as exoplanets
WHAT KEPLER HAS FOUND SO FAR
Kepler mission
Candidate exoplanets: 4,034
Confirmed exoplanets: 2,335
Confirmed exoplanets less than twice Earth-size in the habitable zone: 21
'This new result presented today has implications for understanding the frequency of different types of planets and galaxies, and helping us to advance our knowledge on how planets are formed,' said Mario Perez, Kepler program scientist in the Astrophysics Division of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington, during the conference.
In addition to the new exoplanet candidates, the researchers also identified a notable distinction between groupings of small planets, which could help guide the search for alien life.
With the Kepler observations and the W. M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii, the researchers found groups of small planets could be divided among two categories: rocky, Earth-sized planets, and gaseous planets smaller than Neptune.
The finding suggests that – for reasons not yet understood – the universe tends to create rocky planets up to about 75 percent bigger than Earth.
Of the 4,034 candidates identified so far, 2,335 have now been verified. Researchers say the findings could ultimately help guide the search for alien life, offering ‘the most complete and reliable accounting of distant worlds to date’
With the Kepler observations and the W. M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii, the researchers found groups of small planets could be divided among two categories: rocky, Earth-sized planets, and gaseous planets smaller than Neptune
And, roughly half of these planets take on small amounts of hydrogen and helium, causing them to dramatically increase in size.
As a result, they ‘jump the gap,’ to become one of the Neptune-sized worlds.
‘We like to think of this study as classifying planets in the same way that biologists identify new species of animals,’ said B.J. Fulton, doctoral candidate at the University of Hawaii at Manoa and the California Institute of Technology.
‘Finding two distinct groups of exoplanets is like discovering mammals and lizards make up distinct branches of a family tree.’
The Kepler mission has spotted thousands of confirmed exoplanets over the years, with at least 30 planets not much larger than Earth now known to exist in the habitable zone.
After the fix, Kepler started its K2 mission, which has provided an ecliptic field of view with greater opportunities for Earth-based observatories in both the northern and southern hemispheres
The Kepler mission has spotted thousands of confirmed exoplanets over the years, with 21 planets not much larger than Earth now known to exist in the habitable zone – and, the latest catalog will be the best look yet at possible alien worlds
According to NASA, the new catalog is the result of ‘the most sophisticated analyses yet,’ by the Kepler mission, and will give rise to new lines of exoplanet research.
The Kepler space telescope launched in 2009, in a major breakthrough in the search for Earth-sized planets outside of our solar system that may be in or near the habitable zone of their star.
Just last summer, astronomers revealed they’d discovered 197 new planet candidates, and confirmed 104 planets through the Kepler mission.
The planets, which are all between 20 and 50 per cent larger than Earth by diameter, are orbiting the M dwarf star K2-72, found 181 light years away.
At the time, the researchers led by the University of Arizona said the possibility of life on planets around a star of this kind cannot be ruled out.
The Kepler space telescope launched in 2009, in a major breakthrough in the search for Earth-sized planets outside of our solar system that may be in or near the habitable zone of their star
In the spacecraft's extended mission in 2013, it lost its ability to precisely stare at its original target area, but a fix created a second life for the telescope
Since its launch, the Kepler mission has been plagued by several setbacks – but, it has still continued to spot new objects outside of our solar system.
In its initial mission, Kepler surveyed just one patch of sky in the northern hemisphere, measuring the frequency of planets whose size and temperature might be similar to Earth orbiting stars similar to our sun.
In the spacecraft's extended mission in 2013, it lost its ability to precisely stare at its original target area, but a fix created a second life for the telescope.
After the fix, Kepler started its K2 mission, which has provided an ecliptic field of view with greater opportunities for Earth-based observatories in both the northern and southern hemispheres.
Because it covers more of the sky, the K2 mission is capable of observing a larger fraction of cooler, smaller, red-dwarf type stars.
The sighting – which put UFO hunters on high alert – was uploaded on YouTube by the channel SuspectSky.
The footage, which was shot in Rowland Heights, Los Angeles, shows a what could be a small white craft being followed by a larger one moving over a mountain range.
The bloke who captured the footage while driving can be heard saying: “If it is an airplane, it is moving very quickly.
I was driving when I saw it and I had to make a U-turn to come back to see this.
“At first it looked like a cigar shape, right now it looks like it is almost a saucer.”
Some people who commented on the clip were convinced that the sighting was of extra-terrestrial origin.
“It looks like it is almost a saucer”
Driver
YOUTUBE
SPOTTED: UFO hunters are convinced the sighting in California is real
One person said: “The smaller object in front of the black one, now that’s not right! It looks like a UFO to me!”
Another wrote: “Too fat to be a plane. The white object might have been a regular passenger plane.
A video uploaded to YouTube by the channel SuspectSky appears to show a UFO in the skies above California.
The footage was captured in Rowland Heights, just east of Los Angeles, California, and shows a small white craft being followed by a larger craft.
The two objects, in the clip titled ‘Large Black UFO with Another Leading Object Seen in California’, appear to be moving over a mountain range and were spotted on October 24.
The man behind the camera, who took the footage when he was driving, says in the video: “If it is an airplane, it is moving very quickly.
“I was driving when I saw it and I had to make a U-turn to come back to see this
“At first it looked like a cigar shape, right now it looks like it is almost a saucer.”
Some of the commenters beneath the clip, which has racked up more than 15,000 in less than 24 hours, were convinced that it is a UFO of extraterrestrial origin.
One person wrote: “The smaller object in front of the black one,now that's not right! It looks like a ufo to me!”
YOUTUBE
The larger craft was led by a smaller one
Another added: “Too fat to be a plane. The white object might have been a regular passenger plane. The black one might have been a UFO.”
However, others offered more plausible explanations.
One said: “This is simply a plane pulling an advertisement behind it. Nothing suspicious or suspect about it.”
Many believed it could have been military crafts, with one person stating: “It actually looks like one of those military helicopters with double blades - Chinook.”
GETTY
UFO has been spotted in California
Just last month it was reported a police helicopter was investigating a bizarre-looking circular “UFO" in almost the same spot.
The video, filmed over Los Angeles shows what has been described as an LA County Sheriffs helicopter checking out a hovering spherical object.
However, hopes that evidence of aliens may have been discovered above California, were soon dashed however, by sceptical debunkers.
The LASD aero bureau later confirmed what it was investigating.
The spherical object turned out to be an advertising helium balloon for vape company Brass Knuckles.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Filer’s Files #44 -2017 Structures on the Moon - PART I
Orange California Cylinder captured on October 22, 2017
Filer’s Files #44 -2017 Structures on the Moon - PART I
In special reports, this week’s files cover: The Moon’s City and Towers, Are UFO Occupants the Same Entities of Halloween, International Space Station Has Company and Reed’s UFO Park.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New York, and Texas.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, India, Italy, Turkey, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
George A. Filer III
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
Www.nationalUFOcenter.com. Now receiving 3 million hits a month
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.
Special Projects
The Moon’s City and Towers
The average person will be surprised to learn that there are huge structures on the Moon that appear to be quite old. The photographs certainly suggest an ancient advanced civilization and an attempt to keep it secret by blacking out various photographs. While I was stationed at Langley I drove past the NASA Apollo Moon buildings every day where the study of the Moon was being examined. Working in Tactical Air Command Headquarters Intelligence our photo personnel worked closely with the NASA personnel who were examining possible landing spots on the moon. The reports of compelling evidence of ancient structural artifacts present on the Moon was secretly rumored and expressed confidentially,
Dr. Bruce Cornet was able to confirm the secrets through cross comparisons of overwhelming imaging evidence from several separate NASA missions — with different photographic technologies, different lighting, and different viewing geometries many years later. These studies now leave little doubt that this solar system has been host to some prior habitation by intelligence, Also some within NASA have apparently known about and deliberately suppressed this robust evidence for more than thirty years.
The Lunar Orbiter photographs and the three sequential
photographs (AS10-32-4854-56) taken from the Apollo 10 shows Rhaeticus Crater above,
The spacecraft show the “Tower” (and “Shard”) in the southwestern area of Sinus Medii from different angles and different perspectives. ‘
The Surveyor 6 photograph shows anomalous geometric structures above the ground, like those associated with the tower extending to the north of the “Tower” for about a hundred miles.
The censored Apollo 10 photograph near Ukert crater shows anomalous geometric structures extending on the ground for tens of miles over an area the size of the Los Angeles.
Regarding possible motivations for this inexplicable (if unconstitutional) behavior, additional documentary evidence discovered by Professor Stanley V. McDaniel, Ph.d. McDaniel in his independent ethical inquiry now seems particularly relevant.
According to Dr. McDaniel, an early NASA study was commissioned from the Brookings Institution in 1959 and may have formed the basis of current NASA policy. This study specifically anticipates the possible future discovery of intelligently designed artifacts elsewhere in the solar system by unmanned NASA probes, and considers “how might such information, under what circumstances, be presented to or withheld from the public, for what ends?”
The apparent reason given for considering the possibility of withholding information from the public, should extraterrestrial artifacts be discovered, was the apprehension voiced within this Study that society itself might “disintegrate.” Everything in NASA’s (otherwise inexplicable) behavior regarding the possibly artificial structures on Mars, and those now discovered on the Moon, indicates that NASA has been following, and intends to follow for the indefinite future, the policy of withholding information outlined in the Brookings Institution Report.
Areas of interest: Central area and southwestern area of Sinus Medii, center of moon disk; Mare Crisium, northwest area of the moon disk.
UKERT is a crater-like feature that displays a circumscribed equilateral triangle at full Moon (Noon local time) in its center. I agree with Richard C. Hoagland’s interpretation that this triangle is not natural, because the sides of the “crater” are much brighter only opposite the sides of this triangle. The apices or angles of the triangle intersect the darkest three areas of the “crater” rim, while the brightest three areas of the rim are opposite the sides of the triangle. In addition, the brightest parts of the rim are midway between the apices of the triangle, and are at 120 degrees orientation from one another. If a line is drawn from the centers of each bright area across the triange to the opposing angle, the lines will exactly bisect each angle. Such regular geometry is not a natural feature of any terrain, either on Earth or on the Moon. Furthermore, the symbolism of an equilateral triangle within a circle is a two dimensional representation of a tetrahedral pyramid within a sphere. Tetrahedral geometry is hypothesized to be the primary message encoded in the geometry of the Cydonia complex on Mars (Hoagland, 1992; Dr. Stanley V. McDaniel, 1993).
THE SHARD
The Shard is an obvious structure which rises above the Moon’s surface by more than a mile. Its overall irregular spindly shape (containing a regular geometric pattern) with constricted nodes and swollen internodes, if natural, has got to be a wonder of the Universe. No known natural process can explain such a structure. Computer enhancement with about 190 feet (60 meters) resolution shows an irregular outline with more reflective and less reflective surfaces. The amount of sunlight reflecting from parts of the Shard indicate a composition inconsistent with that of most natural substances.
Only crystal facets and glass can reflect that much light (polished metallic surfaces are unnatural). Single crystals the size of city blocks are currently unknown. I concur with Hoagland that the Shard may be a highly eroded remnant of some sort of artificial structure made of glass-like material. Other larger structures and their reflectivity in the area support this theory.
This highly enhanced close-up of the tip of the “Shard” displays characteristics of a cellular, regular and geometric construction.
The absence of any spray tends to diminish the “outgassing” theory, and the presence of a comparable glass like haze on the horizon behind “Shard” argues that it is amongst a field of artificial structures.
THE TOWER
The Tower represents an enigma of the highest magnitude, because it rises more than five miles above the surface of the Moon, and has been photographed from five different angles and two different altitudes (from 30 miles altitude, and from 70 miles altitude at three different distances). In all four photographs the same structure is visible, and can be viewed from two different sides. The Tower exists in front of and to the left of the Shard in the Lunar Orbiter III-84M photograph. The distance from the Tower and the camera is estimated at about 200 miles, while the distance of the Shard beyond the Tower is estimated at about 230 miles. The top of the Tower has a very ordered cubic geometry, and appears to be composed of regular cubes (similar in size) joined together to form a very large cube with an estimated width of over one mile!
There is apparent damage to the outline and surface of this mega cube, because many cubic spaces or indentations occur over its surface (these spaces are 50-60 times larger than pixel size, and their shapes are not controlled by the rectangular shape of the pixel). A narrow columnar structure connects this cube with the surface of the Moon. The columnar support is at least three miles tall, and tapers towards its base. The taper may be in part due to perspective, if the Tower is oriented at an angle and is leaning towards the camera.
The leaning Tower may be part of a larger more transparent structure, which is also inclined. Surrounding the Tower are faint indications of additional light- reflective material. The amount of light coming from this material is very small compared with the amount of light reflected off the lunar surface. In order to make it visible, the surface of the Moon has to be over-exposed on the photograph. The pattern that becomes visible above the Moon’s surface is not caused by the scan lines that make up the Lunar Orbiter photography. The scan lines can be seen clearly, and are oriented at different angles from the orientation of patterns in the sky.
The regular cubic and/or rectangular nature of this pattern, and indications of radiating structures that connect the Tower with the surface indicate that material of low light reflectivity exists above the Moon’s surface over a large area measured in hundreds of miles. The irregular splotchy reflection from some of this aerial material may be due to meteorite and projectile damage over millions of years. Its highly transparent nature (bright stars can be seen behind and through this material) indicates either an open grid with cubic spaces or glass-like material held together by some sort of structural grid or a combination of both.
THE SKY GRID
NASA Lunar Orbiter LO-III -84MT
Total image was recorded in primary data, and variations in image reproduction are due to processing differences.
NASA Lunar Orbiter LO-III -84M Close UP
This image is an overexposed 44x enlargement of Lunar Orbiter frame LO-III-84-M. Taken with the medium resolution camera at a distance of at least 250 miles, it shows an object dubbed by Hoagland the “Shard“. The star-like object above the “Shard” is a camera registration mark.
The “Shard” has a shadow cast in the correct direction for it to be a real object on the Moon and is aligned with the local vertical rather than the grain of the film, decreasing the chance it is an emulsion abnormality. Close-ups reveal a cellular-like internal structure. Above and behind the “Shard” is the “Tower“, a massive 7 mile high structure with a central “cube” suspended by a tripod like base. Enhancements of the “Tower” show a similar cellular construction to the “Shard”, but with a distinctly hexagonal pattern.
The three Apollo 10 photographs showing the Tower in the distance also show the grid structure from above. These photographs were taken at three different distances from the Tower as the Apollo spacecraft moved towards the Tower. Within the sky above the horizon and around the Tower a regular grid pattern emerges with proper contrast control. This grid pattern appears to be three-dimensional, and is expressed as dark lines with random points of reflection around those lines. The grid appears to be some sort of support structure, perhaps formed from a metallic rebar. The reflective material associated with it is cubic and hexagonal in design, but incomplete. With different attitudes or angles of sight, different areas of the grid structure become illuminated or reflective, implying that angle of incidence is important. I agree with Hoagland’s interpretation of this material as remnant portions of the glass structure, which still remains attached and suspended above the Moon’s surface. The Tower is visible in all three photographs, because there is much more glass remaining than on the suspended grid structure around the Tower. Even from different angles and distances in these photographs, the top of the Tower appears as a giant cube made up of smaller cubic and hexagonal objects. There is no way to get around this evidence once it becomes apparent. The evidence because of its magnitude cannot be dismissed or ignored. It is there and it must be explained.
THE CITY COMPLEX NEAR UKERT
Photograph AS10-32-4822 in NASA catalog SP-232 is blacked out, along with several other photographs. When it was ordered, the image was of high quality, contrary to what was implied by it being blacked out in the catalog. Instead of a poor photograph, the image shows features near Ukert crater that defy conventional explanation. Panorama of “City” structure, showing that it occurs below the original lunar surface, which has been stripped off by a flood from the left, coming from Copernicus impact area as traced by radiating lines that become sinuous and develop into river-like channels, then stop behind mountain ranges in the way where the water apparently momentarily ponded before freezing and subliming. Copernicus impact probably punctured a large cluster of water chambers below the surface.
A linear dome-shaped hill runs diagonally across the photograph. To the north of that hill a large area exists with regularly aligned rows of structure. Within this anomalous area more than a dozen small craters can be seen that modify the landscape. From a distance the regular rows appear like benches. On Earth such a feature would be interpreted as the pattern produced by the eroded edges of layered rocks that dip below the surface. But on the Moon there have been no physical processes that can account for such a regular geologic structure. and this anomalous pattern has definite boundaries beyond which it is absent. Upon magnification, this anomalous pattern begins to take on a different character: Rectangular features exist along the rows, with many having gaps between them. n addition, thin spires project up from the surface in several places along some rows. Upon further magnification some of the rectangular structures take on a form like buildings and skyscrapers.
Resolution at high magnification (for the image I saw) is not good enough to resolve more than the outlines of possible buildings. The whole area resembles what one might expect for a city the size of Los Angeles that had been abandoned and left to decay for centuries. The crater impacts and constant barrage from micrometeorites over millions of years would have provided an abrasive force as damaging as our weather and earthquakes on Earth over centuries or even decades. This area may contain one of several city complexes that were built under an enormous glass dome within Sinus Medii. The sheer implications of such massive structures on the Moon, if verified by astronauts to the Moon, would cause humans to rethink many ideas and question many beliefs about other intelligent life in the Universe. Clearly, such structures are well beyond our current technologies and rank with the Pyramids and Sphinx on Earth, and with the Cydonia complex on Mars.
THE DOME OVER MARE CRISIUM
Further evidence for such massive constructs on the Moon can be found in Mare Crisium. The photograph that Hoagland showed me of that area (NASA photograph AS16-121-19438) has a strange set of large, concentric, circular light patterns within the mare. To one side an enormous spire or tower rises from the surface within the perimeter of these light circles. Magnification of the area around this spire shows cubic patterns like those around the Tower in Sinus Medii. Numerous holes of varying size can be detected within this cubic pattern, probably caused by meteorites. Around the edges of these holes I can see layers of light-reflecting cubic glass-like material and suggestions of strands of rebar support. Below this cover on the ground there is more structure, which can be detected under some of the holes. There is an unusual interference pattern below the cubic pattern as well. None of these patterns can be explained as normal or natural. I interpret the major cubic pattern as reflections off rebar and micrometeorite-frosted glass of the dome that covers most of Mare Crisium. I interpret the pattern below the dome as possibly caused by artificial structures on the surface of the Moon, such as the city-like construct near Ukert, and the concentric circles of light over the surface of Mare Crisium as light reflection and refraction through the remaining portions of the glass dome.
The anomalous patterns in photographs from Sinus Medii and Mare Crisium cannot be explained as natural. I further support his interpretation that these patterns above the surface are caused by enormous structures of artificial origin, structures that may represent the remains of glass domes that were built to cover, protect, and provide a life-support environment for habitable structures on the surface. Clearly, further independent investigation and analysis by experts is warranted. There is also a relevant need to press the Pentagon into releasing all 1.5 million Clementine photographs immediately and without censorship.
The moon base above was taken by Chang’s 2 Orbiter on February 2012. Chang’e 2 was part of the first phase of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program, that conducted research from a 100-kilometer-high lunar orbit with an advanced camera onboard with a resolution of only one meter. A soft landing by the Chang’e 3 Lander and rover is programmed later this year. The probes are named after an ancient Chinese moon goddess.
Are UFO Occupants the Same Entities of Halloween
Ancient Demon
I was surprised to learn some startling similarities in ancient folklore of Halloween and modern abduction stories . Halloween originally a festival of fire and death, is still celebrated by Satanists, and witches as the High (Black) Sabbath and is celebrated by orgy and sacrifice. Halloween celebrates a spirit world of witches, ghosts, hobgoblins, ghouls, demons, phantoms, Dracula, and even monster aliens. Many who have researched the UFO field have found that some aliens are not what they seem. People have worn ghoulish costumes for thousands of years to frighten away the evil spirits looking for bodies to possess. Some Ufologists have determined what some of the “aliens” really are. These are direct quotes from people who would know about this. Experts who spent virtually their whole lives researching UFOs.
“We are dealing with a multidimensional paraphysical phenomenon which is largely indigenous to planet earth.” Brad Steiger, Canadian UFO Report, Vol. 4, No. 4, 1977, p. 20
“But the UFO phenomenon simply does not behave like extraterrestrial visitors. It actually molds itself in order to fit a given culture.” John Ankerberg, The Facts on UFOs and Other Supernatural Phenomena, p. 10.
One theory which can no longer be taken very seriously is that UFOs are interstellar spaceships.”Arthur C. l Clarke, New York Times Book Review, 07/27/75
A large part of the available UFO literature is closely linked with mysticism and the metaphysical. It deals with subjects like mental telepathy, automatic writing and invisible entities……as well as phenomena like poltergeists [ghost] manifestation and ‘possession”. Many of the UFO reports now being published in the popular press recount alleged incidents that are strikingly similar to demonic possession and psychic phenomena.” Lynn E. Catoe, UFOs and Related Subjects: USGPO, 1969
“UFO behavior is more akin to magic than to physics as we know it…the modern UFOnauts and the demons of past days are probably identical.”Dr. Pierre Guerin, FSR Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 13-14
“The UFO manifestations seem to be, by and large, merely minor variations of the age-old demonological phenomenon. Aliens are demons..”John A. Keel, UFOs: Operation Trojan Horse, p. 299
“The ‘medical examination’ to which abductees are said to be subjected, often accompanied by sadistic sexual manipulation, is reminiscent of the medieval tales of encounters with demons……It makes no sense in a sophisticated or technological framework: any intelligent being equipped with scientific marvels that UFOs possess would be in a position to achieve any of these alleged scientific objectives in shorter time and with fewer risks.” Dr. Jacques Vallee, Confrontations, p. 13
These people are all respected in the UFO/Fortean field. They all came to the conclusion that aliens are simply demons.
Whitley Strieber, one of the most famous alien abductees, author of “The Day After Tomorrow” and “Communion” states this about his abductors,
Communion Alien
“Increasingly I felt as if I were entering a struggle that might even be more than life and death. It might be a struggle for my soul, my essence, or whatever part of me might have reference to the eternal. There are worse things than death, I suspected…
…so far the word demon had never been spoken among the scientists and doctors who were working with me…Alone at night I worried about the legendary cunning of demons.”
Whitley Strieber, Transformation, p. 44-45
“I wondered if I might not be in the grip of demons if they were not making me suffer for their own purposes, or simply for their enjoyment.” Whitley Strieber, Transformation, p. 172
“I felt an absolutely indescribably sense of menace. It was hell on earth to be there [in the presence of the entities], and yet I couldn’t move, couldn’t cry out, couldn’t get away. I’d lay as still as death, suffering inner agonies……Whatever was there seemed so monstrously ugly, so filthy and dark and sinister. Of course they were demons. They had to be. And they were there and I couldn’t get away.” Whitley Strieber, Transformation, p. 181
Aleister Crowley the most influential/powerful Satanist who channeled entities to gain power. Compare Crowley’s entity to Strieber’s.
“For there shall arise false Christs, and false prophets, and shall show great signs and wonders insomuch that, if it were possible, they shall deceive the very elect.” Matthew 24:24
Dr. Bruce Cornet writes, “As a scientist, I have rarely heard other scientists mention or discuss demons as an explanation for paranormal and supernatural phenomena.” I have also rarely heard UFOlogists try to explain biblical fallen angels of God as demons. Supposedly, if alien visitors kidnap and harm abductees without their permission, they are called demons.
. What do our souls have to do with this, other than providing a choice of which side you pledge allegiance to? Is there an unseen objective? Just because demons have been recorded by our ancestors for millennia, and there is evidence that alien visitors have been on Earth for much longer, does not mean that this is a local phenomenon limited to Earth. Thanks to Bruce Cornet
One final point.
Many abductees report they stop the abductions by calling on God the Father, Jesus or the Holy Spirit.
Finally, be strong in the Lord and in his mighty power. Put on the full armor of God, so that you can take your stand against the devil’s schemes. For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms. Therefore put on the full armor of God, so that when the day of evil comes, you may be able to stand your ground, and after you have done everything, to stand. Stand firm then, with the belt of truth buckled around your waist, with the breastplate of righteousness in place, and with your feet fitted with the readiness that comes from the gospel of peace. In addition to all this, take up the shield of faith, with which you can extinguish all the flaming arrows of the evil one. Take the helmet of salvation and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God. And pray in the Spirit on all occasions with all kinds of prayers and requests. With this in mind, be alert and always keep on praying for all the Lord’s people. Ephesians 6:10-18
International Space Station Has Company
I was watching the ISS live stream, and saw this object, barely had time to save image when transmission was cut off. I observed a disc object approaching or following the ISS. Could you please take a look to see if it was a satellite? Thanks to MUFON CMS
SHEFFIELD — Elaborate porch decorations, sugary treats and creative costumes are Berkshire County Halloween traditions. But at least one Sheffield native would like UFOs to be a part of the mix, too. Thomas E. Reed will appear today at the Thom Reed UFO Monument Park in Sheffield, where benches were added in late May to a monument area commemorating the Reed family’s “off-world/UFO” incident on Sept. 1, 1969, in that location. Reed and another well-known figure to UFO enthusiasts, Travis Walton, will be a part of a meet-and-greet at the site from 3 to 5 p.m. in an informal environment that Reed hopes will become an annual ritual for community members.
“That Saturday before Halloween, we’re hoping to do something every year, and as this grows, bring in a couple more people to make this like a little Halloween event,” said Reed, “I mean, it does have Halloween flavor.”
UFOs can certainly have a haunting quality. The Reeds were driving when they approached the Old Covered Bridge in Sheffield on that late summer day in 1969. “We saw what looked like a light coming up from the Housatonic River behind the Sheffield bridge and … it really looked like an upside down Hershey’s Kiss,” Reed recalled. Next, according to an account Reed gave The Eagle in 2013, he and his family were in a “huge hangar.”
Reed, his brother, his mother and grandmother all later recalled “being in a different section of a spacecraft before the family members inexplicably ended up in the car,” according to the article.
WSBS in Great Barrington took calls from listeners in surrounding areas who believed they had spotted a UFO as well that day. These stories added to the evidence that the Great Barrington Historical Society & Museum and Massachusetts Historical Society used to determine in 2015 that the Reeds’ episode was historically significant and true. It was the first officially recognized “off-world” event in the United States.
Gov. Charlie Baker’s office issued two citations recognizing the incident as historically significant and true in the fall of 2015, the first of which came on Oct. 27. Reed views the timing as another Halloween tie. Associating the event with the holiday, however, concerns one of Reed’s peers. Walton, whose own off-world experience inspired the book and film “Fire in the Sky,” fears it will ascribe a supernatural quality to something he views as scientific fact.
Thomas Reed and Travis Walton
“To me, I’d rather it wasn’t that way,” he said of the association during a telephone interview. Reed and Walton are aware of the skeptics. But no matter what visitors’ beliefs are in regards to UFOs and the park itself, the site is bound to draw some tourists to the area. The International UFO Museum in Roswell, N.M., has supported the park. Shawn Stowe. Both Stowe and Reed said that television series and movies set at the Sheffield landmark are currently being discussed.
“We’re not talking about celebrating something horrible,” Reed said. “We’re talking about a little park that now represents a great deal, and it’s going to offer a lot of opportunities down the road.”
Yellowstone Volcano
Yellowstone is worse than we thought. The husband of my daughter’s social studies teacher is staying at the Crow Reservation in Montana, 100 miles from Yellowstone. He said that over and above everything we have heard to date (which he says is absolutely true), there is a large dead zone of animals and vegetation. Immediately outside this dead zone, vegetation has stopped growing and animals are migrating out of the area. New geysers and mud pots are springing up daily. You can physically see the ground bulging up, not only at Yellowstone Lake, but in several places in the park. They have closed more areas to the public than is being reported. There are several areas where the ground temperature tops 200 degrees. And earthquakes are becoming a daily occurrence.”
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Filer’s Files #44 -2017 Structures on the Moon - PART II
Filer’s Files #44 -2017 Structures on the Moon - PART II
UFO Sightings in the United States
Alabama Object
Montgomery— We had three days of constant aerosol spraying in Montgomery on October 21, 2017. I must’ve taken a thousand photographs of the chem-liners and their toxic payloads. When I checked my images I noticed above one of the chemtrails was an oval shaped object. I did not see the object when I took the photographs. . It seems lately that when I offload the files from my Fuji S9900 Finepix digital camera and load them I see things that I did not see previously. I have been getting allot of silver orbs zipping fast all around the chemtrails. I have to play the videos at 1/8 speed just to see them. This isn’t the first one I have captured. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Arkansas Light
Shirley – On October 23, 2017, at first it was like any star in the sky; Then it got closer and looked like spinning lights going around it. I have pics of both nights and these lights scared us tonight. There is a burn when it comes in. They were all over the sky at the speed of light but I was able to get pics of them. We have also seen where it goes so high up t looks like a burn. Thanks to MUFON CMS
California Cylinder
Orange – On October 22, 20117, I observe the cylinder from the front of my house and it appeared to be quarter-mile away over a canyon. It spun vertically and horizontally but didn’t move from the position overhead for five minutes. It was a gray reflective surface or a black surface depending on how the sun hit it. I estimate is 30 feet long and 10 feet wide similar to a cigar tube. It started to rise almost straight up while continuing to turn. Add about 1000 feet altitude it change directions and started moving southwest. After five minutes it passed over our head at about 1500 feet and disappeared over our house. My brother and my friend observed the object for 20 minutes with me. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Colorado Object
Hot Sulphur Springs– We were on Highway 40 west 4 miles W of town in late morning on September 13 , 2017. We were driving looking at the high canyon walls with the Colorado river below as my wife snapped photos. I saw a very odd slow moving black object, long rectangular shape almost cigar with a faint glimmer around the edges moving like a flowing vapor. I could only view two seconds at a time while driving, asking my wife to snap a dozen pictures. Puzzled I wished my wife could have seen it but she got six photos of the object. Thanks to MUFON CMS,.
Florida Lights
St. Augustine– On October 15, 2017, I saw a strange bright light with flashing red and blue occasionally. The light will not move.
I have seen the light over the Atlantic Ocean from the Castillo Real Hotel in St. Augustine, Florida. Thanks to William Puckett, Director Http://www.UFOsnw.com
Michigan Star
Glendive — Wife and I drove out of town to see orionid meteor storm on October 22, 2017.. A very bright star was dancing around erratically. And flickering all colors. so we videoed it on high resolution. Then felt something was wrong and headed Back home. When we got home I enlarged a couple hundred frames and was amazed at what I saw.
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Minnesota Object
I was flying West from Toronto to Edmonton on Oct 19, 2017. We took off from Toronto around 3pm and had been flying for about an hour when I looked out the window and saw this object shining in the distance on October 19, 2017. I took a bunch of pictures and zoomed in with my S8+. The object then disappeared to the east and that was it. No trails behind it, just gone. I checked our flight path and it took us down to the US Canada border so this object would have been over Minnesotta at 40,000 feet or so. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Nebraska Object
Omaha — Traveling to Omaha Ne on I-80 about 7:30 AM noticed this object out my left window on October 10, 2017. I got off at next exit and took pic with my I-phone. The sun was reflecting off the object in the partly cloudy morning bright sun. When I transferred the pic to my computer I noticed another object a little lower and to the left. I was about 50 miles from Offutt Air Force Base. I couldn’t stick around look at the pic so you decide. Thanks to MUFON CMS
New York Lights
Syracuse— I was heading south and saw 4 lights in chevron formation hovering around each other, changing positions on September 29, 2017. There is a light on far right that zoomed west.
The remaining 3 lights danced around each other, and ended in a chevron formation and proceeded south. The lights rapidly faded out with no sound. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Texas Orb
Sugar Land — I am wondering if someone is playing releasing balloons to make them look like a UFO. Saw it on Monday and again twice yesterday on October 26, 2017; all three times in my backyard, I couldn’t see any strings attached to them. Both times they seem to appear out of nowhere. Yesterday around 11AM, I was filming a plane in the distance and a floating sliver shiny orb floats down. I kept filming, as a balloon wouldn’t change directions and go up and down. It was floating off to my right under some power lines and it passed right in front of me and flew to the left. I took some video of it. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Worldwide UFO Sightings
Australia Light
Brisbane— I was getting ready for bed so I went outside to my Mum’s Balcony to say goodnight on October 22, 2017. I was looking at the stars and one was flashing like a disco ball. I thought it was a UFO. It was hovering and flashed white, green, red, yellow, blue and black lights. It was flashing these colors in different parts of the object. I was amazed and shocked at the same time and I told my Mum as she saw the object as well during the event After the event I didn’t think much of it as I went to sleep as it just stayed there for ages. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Belgium Light
Sint Niklaas— I was about to go to bed and I looked through my window and I saw a big mother ship like thing floating in the sky. It has a big and a smaller light. on the picture it is not really visible cause it was dark outside. but as you see under the biggest light above the light reflects on the surface under it. The craft had a metal/brick like surface and also had a marking that looked like a military insignia. The object disappeared after that. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Canada Lights
Toronto – My friend and I were downtown at the King Slice 1130 Queen Street West standing on the sidewalk eating our pizza on October 2, 2017. My friend says look at that strange cloud that just formed in front of the Moon so I pulled out my camera (Nikon p900) and took three pictures that had these objects. I zoomed in and one was also filtered, which looks like something out of a fictional movie. Thanks to MUFON CMS
France Triangle
Paris — Whilst staying at the Sequoia Hotel Euro Disney Park I was sitting on the outside at about 5:15 PM on October 10, 2017, with my wife and guests. I noted aircraft passing over the hotel heading west climbing as they departed the nearby Charles De Gaul airport. My attention was drawn to an unusual silent object travelling north, long and thin and rectangular in shape (10/12 x long as wide) with a blunt leading edge, and very bright white in color. It appeared solid but did not seem to glow or reflect the sun, with a constant speed about 500 mph.
It had no wings and the rear of the object seemed to shimmer/flicker or ‘flap’ as it moved. I could not make out any visual markings, and oddly it appeared ‘ribbon’ like, no shading for its sides to indicate a 3D shape to it. I had no visual reference to determine altitude but it was longer than the other aircraft. My wife and I saw it pass directly overhead heading towards and over the Disney Park and watched it disappear. The event took 50 seconds. The other guests who also looked puzzled. Thanks to MUFON CMS Photo is a depiction..
India Object
Kullu Himachal, Pradesh — Once again I spotted a second ufo early morning before sunrise on October 26, 2017. It appeared from nowhere and has a white and red light. I’m not sure about the noise but I guess it had some. Something is happening. don’t know what! The dog started barking at the same time. I’m happy to witness it again within a week, I managed to catch some on the camera. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Italy Orb
Tuscany – I was taking photo at the time and noticed it much later when looking at photos,
The. object is in the upper left hand side of the photo on August 14, 2004.
I cannot enhance the photo maybe you can>
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Turkey Object
Nigde— I was at the garden of my house in Orhanli Town then I noticed a very bright light that surprised me on September 10, 2017. Then I tried to take a photo of the object as my dog barked out of control. Afterwards the object disappeared in a second with an extreme speed. That night I woke up from bed with my dogs barking at the object. I took my flash light and went to my garden and I observed again. After this the sun panels on my roof stopped working. Thanks to TUFOAM (Turkish UFO Research Center)
UK/England Light
Bradford — First noticed these craft around 10 months ago on April 7, 2017 over my house. I have tried to capture them on pictures and video on my camera. They are not very close or clear video or photos but I gave it my best shot with what I had available to me. I reported these sightings to the local news paper but they never pursued it and stopped contact with me. I see these on a regular bases usually at night after 9 and when I set off to work in the mornings at 5.30 am, they seem to be more active in the mornings pulsating and hovering around.
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Was it aliens? SFU professor weighs in on crop circles
Was it aliens? SFU professor weighs in on crop circles
SFU geography professor Paul Kingsbury, whose research focuses on the growth of paranormal investigation cultures, attended a recent crop circle conference in Wiltshire, England, where most of the world’s crop circles can be found. He says enthusiasts are drawn more for the circles’ beauty than the unknown phenomena that causes them.
"Crop circle enthusiasts believe the circles resemble a form of sacred geometry," says Kingsbury. "They really appreciate the circles' complexity and are drawn in the hopes of becoming more intimate with them."
Enthusiasts also offer compensation to farmers, which are donated to a charity chosen by farmers, for their loss of income as a result of crop damage caused by the circles and enthusiasts, in exchange for visiting the circles.
"The enthusiasts report feeling a surge of energy that is emitted by the circles and react differently upon visiting them," says Kingsbury. "Because it is very emotional for them, some people lie in the circles and mediate while others might embrace a family member and cry."
Kingsbury says hoaxers are never able to prove exactly how many crop circles could be created by humans. More than 20,000 crop circles have been documented around the world since the first reported one in 1678. They usually appear overnight and no one has been caught in the act of secretly trying to create one.
As a part of his Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) funded four-year research project on paranormal investigators, Kingsbury has interviewed alien abductees, attended UFO and Sasquatch conferences in the U.S. and participated in a dozen ghost investigations in Metro Vancouver.
Kingsbury will speak about his crop circle research at a public lecture hosted by SFU’s geography department on Thursday, Nov. 2.
AS HALLOWEEN celebrations get under way today, we've taken an extraterrestrial approach.
In light of all things creepy, we've compiled a list of reported 'UFO sightings' from across the wider Mackay and western regions documented by Brisbane based non-profit association UFO Research Queensland Incorporated.
UFO Research Queensland Incorporated established in 1956 to receive, research and record sightings. While UFORQ has been collecting sighting reports since 1956, they have yet to commit the bulk of their reports to electronic format. Currently you can view all reports received from 1998 to the present.
'UFO' sighted over Mackay: Amanda Brown captured these lights over Mackay on Monday night, October 30, 2017.
MACKAY WIDER REGION SIGHTINGS
1. MARLBOROUGH:
In Marlborough, between Mackay and Rockhampton back in 1992-39, a woman and her family who lived on a cattle station were returning from Rockhampton at night and saw a light below them while driving over a range.
The light reportedly passed over them and seemed the size of a dinner plate. As they approached home, a man walked out onto the track in front of them, and next moment the light was there.
The woman next remembers arriving at the family bungalow very tired, and decided to leave the groceries in their vehicle and go straight to bed. Her partner refused to talk about the incident. She has had encounters since.
2. MACKAY:
In Mackay on February 14, 2012 a resident reported two UFO sightings at 4.22am and 4.30am. The resident, who had not seen a UFO before, said they were a passionate follower of satellites and general astronomy, so had their nose in the air quite often and knew exactly what to look for when identifying a satellite or anything similar.
First sighting at 4.22am: In the sky SSW of Mackay at an altitude of about 40° East, moving SSW there was a red solid light that seemed to shoot a red flare out to the East (I thought that it may be space junk re-entry at first). Then three red lights seemed to be rotating, or flashing, underneath it. No sound, no navigation lights (like a helicopter or plane). It was travelling at about the speed of a satellite and seemed to be at about satellite height.
Second sighting, approximately 4.30am: In the sky to the South of Mackay at an altitude of about 30° East, moving to the South there was a bar of horizontal white lights (probably about 5-7 lights, it was a fair way away) that looked a bit like a jet airliner side-on, but instead of travelling left to right, or right to left, it just kept travelling South like a side-on plane. No navigation lights and no noise, but it seemed much further away. Slow travelling to the South and wandering just a little.
3. CAMERON'S POCKET, MACKAY:
In Cameron's Pocket just north of Mackay on Monday December 18, 2006 at 2am, a man observed a bright light to the NNW shoot off and come back in a cloudless sky. Its elevation varied between 25 and 60 degrees. The light was prominent in the sky and flashing colours.
4. WALKERSTON:
A taxi driver travelling on the Peak Downs Hwy, close to Dane Street at Walkerston on Saturday, November 21, 2015 at 12.30am noticed a strange light in the sky. The driver, who was taking a passenger to Patricia Court, was looking through the windscreen when they saw an oblong, orange light about the size of a street light seen at about 150 metres away above them in the sky. It was not clearly outlined and moved across sky, rotated and changed direction from south towards north, then north east, then north north west, then north west, then slightly west south west. The light then disappeared.
5. RAVENSWOOD:
In 1991, a resident reported a sighting of a min-min light between the Burdekin Dam and Ravenswood. The resident said it was either May or June in 1991 and there were five people in the car who all worked at the Coutts Burdekin Wildernoss Lodge and were on their way to Townsville for a night out. The light followed the car, through the trees for about 15 minutes. It looked like a car headlight. At first it was behind them on the left hand-side, then it caught up to them and overtook them, then went across in front of the car and was travelling beside them on the right hand-side. It then seemed to slow and the last they saw it, it was directly behind the car and further back. The group were all quite frightened at the time and trying to explain what it could be. What the reporting person found most strange is that the incident was never really discussed again between them, even though they lived and worked together. The wilderness lodge closed down at the end of June and the five all lost contact. The reporting person said they have thought about the incident many times since and would be a sceptic if they hadn't witnessed the phenomena.
6. TIERI:
In about 1982 or '83 a family moved to a new mining town called Tieri which is about one hour north-east of Emerald. At the time there was no street lighting so the night sky was very clear. At about 7 or 8 in the evening the reporting person was riding their bike down the street not far from their home. For some reason they looked up at the sky and saw what they thought was a very bright satellite moving across the sky. It moved at a steady almost satellite-like speed, but then began doing perfect and seemingly random 90 degree turns in the sky. It did this for about 10-15 seconds and then shot off and disappeared.
7. CLERMONT:
In April 18, 2007 at 10.40pm on Rubywale Rd, the reporting person witnessed a very bright, to sharp white light, not to be likened to any Automotive 12- or 24-volt lights, or lights from a residence or camplight. It seemed as though it may have landed, due to the shadows of what seemed like lights behind tree branches, and the way the light seemed to be going in a upward elevation. The light was very, very bright.
8. CLERMONT:
On June 5, 2010 at 6am the reporting person saw a weird light in the eastern sky. It was travelling very slowly, and looked to be about 200 meters above the trees. This was on a mine site in central Queensland. There were no flashing lights as on planes or choppers. It had several lights on it, the main light was on the front and seemed to be pointing downwards. The object was slightly covered by fog or cloud, but the morning was crystal clear with no cloud or fog. The object slowly turned away from me and faded and totally disappeared from sight. Several people saw the same light.
Editor’s note: This series by Robert Powell chronicles his discovery and investigation of the USS Nimitz Carrier Strike Force-11 investigation. It is a three part series.
I am going to tell you about a Navy-UFO encounter that deserves a congressional investigation to determine if this happened or not. I am going to create three posts related to a recent UFO event that occurred in November of 2004 and involved the Navy’s Carrier Strike Group 11 off the southwest coast of California. This will be the first post and it will include the information that I initially obtained on the incident. If after reading these three posts you are reasonably convinced that this event happened then I will ask you to join me in a letter-writing campaign to a congressional subcommittee requesting that they ask for a debriefing of the incident from the Navy. Please share this story with anyone that you know who would be interested. You can use the hashtags: #F18UFO #UFO.
U.S. Navy Carrier Strike Force-11.
(Credit: US Navy)
I was first told of this UFO incident in July of 2016 by an individual who was involved in the investigation of this event. He told me that the incident had been partially leaked to the internet, so that I could begin my investigation without involving my friend. Knowing a few of the key words I was able to locate the leaked story here: https://fightersweep.com/1460/x-files-edition/ (Ignore the UFO photos in the article as those are just add-ons by the author for effect and are not related to the actual event.)
What attracted me to this story was that it was not on a typical UFO site but was found on a site authored by a formal naval aviator and who predominately writes about naval aviator stories, not UFOs. So he had no UFO agenda to push. And the author went out of his way to establish the excellent background of the commanding officer of the F-18s known as the Black Aces. The story was full of “navy talk” and I spent considerable time deciphering that WSO = weapons system officer, SPY1 = phased array radar, E-2C Hawkeye = type of airborne early warning aircraft, BFM = basic fighter maneuvers, etc. Once I had read the full story, I felt that there was a strong likelihood that the event my friend had directed me to had actually occurred.
USS Nimitz
I next began online investigations to verify the identity of the individuals in the story and I found that those officers were all legitimate and had served in the Navy during that time. I searched additional websites for clues to this event. First, I found a Navy Event Summary document that had been leaked to the internet by an unknown source that mentioned this event. The document had much of the same information as was provided in the naval aviator’s story: dates and locations match up; USS Princeton detects objects on radar and dispatches the F18s; F18s don’t find a radar target but detect the object visually; F18s engage the unknown; and F18s are outmatched by the unknowns. I then ran the Navy Event Summary document by a retired naval officer and he indicated that the document looked legitimate in terms of its format. A copy of this summary document can be found here.
My friend who had originally told me about this case indicated that there had been video taken of the object and that it had been released to the internet several years ago and then was later removed. A copy of that video was obtained using the WayBack machine which is an internet site that maintains historical website data. The video is taken in the infra-red and depicts a hot object in the video cross-hairs for about 75 seconds before the object rapidly moves out of the video frame and towards the left. The altitude shown on the video matches the approximate altitude of the jets and the shape of the object in the video matches the pilots’ descriptions. A copy of this video can be found here.
Of these three documents, the one that I find the strongest is the story by the naval aviator. The Navy Event Summary and the F-18 video support the story but more was needed. The question in my mind then became—could I support this information from another source. In December of 2016 I submitted nine FOIAs to various departments of the Navy and Marines to try and verify this event. In Part II of this series, I will share the information on the FOIAs that I submitted.
Paolo Soleri’s radical experiment in urban planning has been running in the middle of the Arizona desert for nearly 50 years.
This story is part of OUTER LIMITS, a Motherboard series about people, technology, and going outside. Let us be your guide.
In the museum of vaporware from the twentieth century's imaginarium, one will find a suite of technologies doomed to be perennially futuristic: personal jetpacks and flying cars, moon bases and generation ships, teleportation, and fusion energy. As for the museum itself, it will be an arcology: A building whose design is informed by its local environment, and the poster child of futures that never materialized.
A portmanteau of 'architecture' and 'ecology,' arcology was first theorized by the Italian architect Paolo Soleri in the late 1960s. Billed by its creator as the blueprint for a "city in the image of man," arcologies challenged the notion of the urban environment as something separate from and antagonistic to nature. In Soleri's cities, cars would be useless and the very notion of roads would be abolished as divisive constructs. Work and living spaces would be nearly indistinguishable. There'd be no need to ever use a light bulb during the day or air conditioning during the summer, even in the desert.
If it sounds utopian, that's because it is. At a time when concerns about how human activity is destroying nature have reached a fever pitch, Soleri's ideas sound both attractive and necessary. The renegade architect dedicated the better part of his career to turning his arcological vision into a reality, but 40 years later, arcologies are still mostly the purview of science fiction writers rather than architects.
Nevertheless, a small community has formed around Soleri's ideas over the past half century. Today, these arcology evangelists are committed to shaping the future in accordance with Soleri's ideals. I went to visit them at Arcosanti, a futuristic housing development in the middle of the Sonoran desert. I originally set out to figure out why Soleri's dream had died, but by the time I left Arcosanti, it was apparent that arcology is far from dead. If anything, the architects of the future are just getting started.
The Vault, a community space at Arcosanti and the first element of the city to be built by Soleri.
Image: Daniel Oberhaus/Motherboard
ARCOSANTI
Phoenix, Arizona, is spread out over 500 square miles, and a seemingly endless grid of blacktop connects its 1.5 million residents. If you drive about an hour north from downtown, you will finally hit the outer limits of this urban sprawl. There is no official marker, no wall or signpost to let you know that you have made it out of the city. It's just that at a certain point, the stripmalls and uniform beige housing developments give way to creosote, cacti, and the equally beige landscape of the Sonoran desert.
Drive another half hour beyond the illegible city limits and you'll find yourself at a small outcropping of fast food joints and gas stations, a bastion of civilization in the wilds of the Prescott and Tonto National Forests that border the interstate. If you look past the McDonald's sign into the distance, you can just barely make out a small cluster of buildings against the sparse landscape of the high desert.
This is Arcosanti, arcology's eminent proof-of-concept and Soleri's magnum opus.
"We're here to be a part of the landscape, not in spite of it."
Arcosanti has about 80 permanent residents, most of whom are employed by the Soleri's non-profit Cosanti Foundation to help maintain and expand the premises. Each member has a role at Arcosanti, ranging from metalwork at the onsite foundry to IT support and maintaining Soleri's extensive archive. Like other company towns, the Cosanti Foundation subsidizes its employees' meals and apartments, and pays them US minimum wage. It's not much, but the residents of Arcosanti didn't come to live and work in the desert to get rich. Rather, they are motivated by a far more profound goal: The creation of a city where humans live in harmony not only with nature, but also one another. The residents spend each day literally building this city of the future.
When I arrived at Arcosanti earlier this month, the weekly community meeting had just begun. This is a time for members to reflect on the work of the past week and make announcements relevant to the community. The meeting was held at the Vault, a public space under the massive concrete arches that were the first elements of Arcosanti to be constructed by Soleri. It was well before noon, but many of the community members were dressed in soiled work clothes, having already put in a full day's work.
Presiding over the meeting was Jeff Stein, Arcosanti's executive director. An architect by training, Stein has held various roles in the Cosanti Foundation since Soleri's death in 2013. He first met the visionary architect in 1975 when he attended a workshop taught by Soleri at Arcosanti. These workshops are still held regularly today, and most of Cosanti's employees have attended at least one. There they learn trade skills and the arcological principles that guided Soleri's unique approach to architecture. These skills are then put to the test at Arcosanti, most of which has been built by students and non-professional architects.
"The meaning of the course is based on hard work. We want to discourage whoever envisions a pleasant 5-6 weeks vacation. The Student Spectator is not welcome," reads a poster advertising Soleri's 9th workshop in 1969.
Image courtesy of the Cosanti Foundation.
"We're here to be a part of the landscape, not in spite of it," Stein told me as we walked toward his office after the community meeting. "The point of all Soleri's architecture is connection: How do you connect people to one another and to their surroundings?"
Visitors to Arcosanti will immediately notice its unusual design, which makes the complex feel more like an immersive work of art than a city in progress. George Lucas visited the site in the 70s and it was allegedly the model for the desert planet Tatooine in Star Wars. At Arcosanti the preferred window shapes are circles rather than squares, roofs often double as stairs, and individual buildings blend into one another through a network of hallways that often end in stunning vistas of the surrounding desert. But hidden beneath Arcosanti's beautiful aesthetics is an extreme pragmatism, a posthumous reminder from Soleri that art and functionality need not be mutually exclusive.
Stein's apartment/office was previously Soleri's studio and a sterling example of his philosophies in action. The apartment is located in the "East Crescent neighborhood" of Arcosanti and when we arrived, Stein pointed at a small hidden door in the bottom corner of the room.
"We're at the top of the three-story solar greenhouse that is the heating system for this apartment and the rest of East Crescent," Stein told me. "That's my fireplace."
Jeff Stein looks out one of the windows at Arcosanti.
Image: Daniel Oberhaus/Motherboard
As Stein explained, the sun heats up the air in the greenhouse so that during the cold desert winters, this air rises and provides a source of 120-degree heat in the form of fragrant, oxygen-rich air through the trapdoor. Gesturing at the windows of the apartment, Stein explained how Soleri had placed them so that the Sun would illuminate different parts of his studio at different times of the day and year, providing a free and reliable source of heat and light for its occupant.
These were just a few of the design choices that demonstrated Soleri's masterful ability to harness the power of the local environment for human use without damaging that environment in the process. Indeed, Soleri was so adept at this practice that the only air conditioners needed on site are in the archive for preservation purposes, even though temperatures in the desert can reach nearly 120 F during the summer. This is also the reason that there are surprisingly few light bulbs or solar panels at Arcosanti—Soleri was able to keep energy requirements to a minimum with architectural decisions that allowed for plenty of natural light0
"The buildings here are built to try to explain—as good architecture always does—their place and the connection to this place," Stein said. "This desert has a fragile and rich ecology all its own, and Soleri thought maybe we could build some things understanding that."
PAOLO
Soleri was born in Turin, Italy, in 1919. He emigrated to the United States in 1947 to partake in an apprenticeship program under Frank Lloyd Wright at Taliesin West, Wright's home and studio located in the desert outside of Phoenix. By this time, Wright was already an internationally renowned architect famous for his ability to integrate his architecture with its natural surroundings.
For the year-and-a-half Soleri studied under Wright, he lived in a canvas tent outside of Taliesin West with the other apprentices (these temporary structures were originally a product of necessity while Wright's apprentices built the foundations of permanent structures, but today architecture students apprenticing at Taliesin still live in makeshift shelters of their own design). It was here, while literally living off the land in the Sonoran desert and studying under an architect revered for his ability to integrate the natural and artificial in his architecture, that Soleri's ideas about arcology first took shape.
Paolo Soleri (center, in white) teaches students about ceramics during a workshop in the mid-1970s.
Image: Ivan Pintar/Cosanti Foundation
Shortly after finishing his apprenticeship with Wright, Soleri began designing and building a personal residence for Nora Woods, the wife of a wealthy industrialist from the east coast. The resulting house, known as The Dome, turned Soleri into something of an overnight celebrity in the architecture world. After briefly returning to Italy in the early 1950s to design and build a ceramics factory, Soleri made his way back to Arizona.
In 1956, Soleri began building Cosanti (a portmanteau of the Italian words 'cosa,' meaning 'thing' and 'anti' meaning 'against'), his personal home and studio in the Phoenix suburb of Paradise Valley. Around this time, a friend introduced Soleri to the work of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, a turn-of-the-century philosopher/geologist/Jesuit priest whose writings attempted to contextualize human evolution in the greater context of the evolution of the universe.
Today, most evolutionary biologists consider Chardin's thought to be little more than mysticism with hardly any scientific foundations. Nevertheless, his project of situating contemporary human life as a minor event in the grand scheme of cosmic evolution had a profound effect on Soleri's thought and architecture.
The Dome, the house built for Nora Woods outside of Cave Creek, Arizona that brought Soleri international fame as an architect.
Image: Cosanti Foundation
"Chardin was saying it was clear that humans were not the end of anything, but somewhere in the middle of evolution as a biological life form," Stein told me. "Chardin didn't know what would trigger continued social evolution for humans, but when Soleri was reading him in 1957, he knew what it was: It was the city. That was Soleri's a-ha moment."
In 1964, Soleri and his wife Colly formed the Cosanti Foundation, a non-profit organization that was dedicated to radically rethinking the role of the city in contemporary life. Around this time, Soleri was supporting his family through architectural commissions, lecturing at Arizona State University and putting his knowledge of ceramics he had gleaned while building the Italian ceramics factory to use by making small ceramic bells.
At the same time, he was formulating his theories of ecologically integrated architecture. This train of thought culminated in The City in the Image of Man, a 1969 book featuring dozens of detailed plans for Soleri's "lean linear cities" and arcologies, including the blueprint for Arcosanti. Like any good student, Soleri's approach to architecture went far beyond the limits imposed by his teacher, Frank Lloyd Wright. Whereas Wright was in the business of making extravagant single-family homes that were integrated with their natural environments, Soleri's book called for the rethinking of the entire concept of the city.
A crew of students makes designs in a mound of silt at Arcosanti. Concrete was then poured on this mound and the silt was removed to form a structure, in this case, a foundry.
Image: Ivan Pintar/Cosanti Foundation
"Soleri's notion of architecture and ecology in City in the Image of Man is not just an ecovillage surrounded by the natural landscape," Stein said. "It's a city that is so connected and so complex that it develops its own human ecology inside it. He was thinking of the city as the newest life form on the planet."
According to Stein, the book made a big splash in architecture circles and by the following year Soleri's ideas had generated enough traction to turn his theories into a living experiment. In 1970, Soleri and a handful of architectural students broke ground at Arcosanti, a city meant to house 5,000 people and the world's first experiment in arcology.
THE FUTURE OF ARCOLOGY
Today, Arcosanti is home to under 100 people and only a tiny fragment of the planned city has actually been built. This isn't to say that the project is a failure, however. Rather, it points to the magnitude of the problems that Soleri was challenging with his radical approach to architecture and urban planning.
"Soleri was confronting the American dream of big cars, and road building and single family houses and urban sprawl," Stein told me as we strolled around Arcosanti. "Cities are the biggest cultural artefact we make and he wanted to reconstitute the entirety of urban civilization."
At a time that the first mega shopping malls were cropping up across the United States, and just before Reagan's supply side policies revived American consumerism, Soleri was preaching about the virtues of restraint and thrift, minimalism and the pleasures of life that cannot be bought. For Stein, Soleri's emphasis on limits in an age of limitless expansion is part of the reason why his architectural ideas never really took root in the US. They seemed un-American.
The sky suite at Arcosanti, which is rented out to guests as an additional source of income.
Image: Daniel Oberhaus/Motherboard
Today, cities are built as thin "layers" over the Earth's surface, sprawling in every direction without much consideration for their impact on the natural environment they encroach upon. Cities and the buildings they consist of are ultimately beholden to the profit motive—the mental and emotional health of city dwellers, as well as the impact of the city on the environment are secondary considerations.
In Stein's view, our species is beginning to pay the price for our reckless urban development. In the US, for example, approximately one-fifth of our country's energy use can be attributed to industrial manufacturing, a lot of which is geared toward consumer products. Nearly a third is used by the transportation sector. As Stein was quick to point out, automobiles eat up a sizeable chunk of this energy consumption, even though most of this energy is being used to commute within cities, not between them. The other 50 percent of our energy consumption mostly goes toward the creation and maintenance of the buildings that comprise our cities. Most of this energy is for electricity, which is mostly used for lighting and air conditioning in residential and commercial buildings.
At the same time, our species' energy is overwhelmingly sourced from fossil fuels, the main driver of anthropogenic climate change. This climate change has had a number of devastating effects on communities all over the world, and is profoundly shaping contemporary urban existence. Already more than half of the world's population lives in an urban environment and the UN has documented a global trend of population movement from the country to the city.
A view of the foundry apse (bottom left) and the Vault (upper right).
Image: Yuki Yanagimoto/Cosanti Foundation
In some cases, this urban concentration is a direct result of the impact that climate change has had on rural populations' ability to farm, in other instances, these farmers' labor has been rendered obsolete by technology. Moreover, scientists are predicting a massive migration from coastal cities to inland urban environments as people flee neighborhoods that have succumbed to flooding and rising tides. In the United States alone, coastal flooding is estimated to displace over 13 million Americans by the end of the century.
In other words, if we're going to be able to handle the challenges presented by climate change-driven urbanization, we're going to have to radically rethink the city.
Soleri's notion of arcologies offers a stark alternative to the forces that are driving climate change and a solution to the problems it creates. By prioritizing ultra dense housing and efficient intracity travel, arcologies abolish the need for city roads and automobiles to traverse them. These cities operate on principles of minimal energy consumption and environmental destruction. They facilitate face to face human interaction and are designed to maximize the interaction between all residents in a city, rather than the ghettoization of certain populations in ways that prevent equitable access to resources.
Soleri's idea that the city is best conceived as a new type of biological organism may sound like the ravings of a crazed artist who spent a bit too much time alone in the desert. But in the last few decades, a number of systems theorists have arrived at similar conclusions by way of math and physics.
At the forefront of this new paradigm of urban planning is Geoffrey West, a theoretical physicist at the Santa Fe Institute who has spent much of his career looking how biological organisms and artificial systems like cities are able to scale effectively. West's insight is that nature has elegant organizational strategies for maximizing energy efficiency that can be mathematically described. These observations can be used as a guide for human urban planning if the city is thought of as a biological organism.
Stein praised West's work, but he said this thinking is still too niche in academia. "So far nobody connected with evolutionary biology has had anything to do with designing cities," he said.
A foundry at Arcosanti.
Image: Daniel Oberhaus/Motherboard
In this sense, calling Arcosanti an "urban laboratory" is more than a flattering euphemism—it is a living experiment that is meant to confront a variety of academic disciplines with questions about how they can use their specialized knowledge to think about the way we inhabit space. In addition to a suite of artistic events, such as the annual Form music festival, Arcosanti regularly hosts university students in disciplines ranging from media studies to natural history in an effort to push the limits of what is possible with arcology ever further.
Today, Arcosanti is the closest thing to a real arcological city that exists in the US. For the most part, arcological innovation seems to be happening elsewhere.
Stein told me about a recent conference he attended in Australia dedicated to discussing ideas for the development of so-called "Ecocities." The conference had several hundred attendees from all over the world, only a small fraction of whom were Americans. He pointed to Singapore, a population-dense country where the Tiajin Eco-city serves as a sterling example of arcological principles being implemented at scale. Similar projects have been proposed with vary degrees of adoption elsewhere, although as Choire Sicha pointed out at The Awl, most of these projects have stalled out due to lack of funding.
Stein doesn't pretend that Soleri or Arcosanti hold all or even most of the solutions to Earth's environmental problems. According to Stein, many of Soleri's ideas would be prohibitively expensive to build. Still, they hold immense value insofar as they offer an alternative way to thinking about how we understand our relationship with the natural environment in the future.
As we finished our tour around Arcosanti, Stein told me that he doesn't like to use the word "sustainability" when he refers to the project. The reason, he said, is because this isn't about sustaining the cities we've already built, but challenging the assumptions that made them that way in the first place.
"We talk about transformation instead because there has to be a huge transformation in consciousness for anyone to think what we're doing is sustainable," Stein said. "The problems we're facing aren't going to be solved with more Toyota Priuses."
As I climbed into my car and began my slog back toward the heart of Phoenix's urban sprawl, I couldn't shake the feeling that I was traveling backward in time. I had seen the future at Arcosanti that afternoon, but as the five-lane freeway grew packed with vehicles in the evening rush hour and an endless stream of advertisements and headlights assaulted my senses, that future felt more remote than ever.
Humans have been leaving home in search for new opportunities for thousands of years, but their ancient migration patterns have always been somewhat difficult to trace. Until recently, the main clues researchers have used to map the historic flow of ancient humans have been artifacts and analyses of ancient bones, but these haven’t always given a clear picture of how humans populated the Earth.
On Monday, however, a team of United Kingdom-based geneticists and anthropologists reported in a Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciencesstudy that they’ve come up with a new method of mapping these routes that takes into account genetic data. Their new analysis suggests the migration of humans over the last 14,000 years is more complicated than scientists previously realized.
Co-author and Cambridge University professor Marta Mirazòn Lahr, Ph.D. said in a statement that old assumptions about the migration patterns of ancient humans are now being called into question. The study confirms a strong link between technological change and human mobility, but it also points out that that the hunter-gatherers who lived in Europe after the peak of the last Ice Age were far less mobile than previously believed, as Lahr explains:
These are fascinating results — we associate a hunting and gathering lifestyle with nomadism and high mobility, and the development of the first farming villages and towns with sedentary societies. Yet, early farmers were on the move in search of more and more land to match their progressively larger populations, while the post-glacial hunters seemed to have met their needs locally.
Rise in mobility has occurred in at least three distinct pulses.
The new method, which required the creation of a 2D model that incorporated population dynamics data, confirms the theory that human migration has been on the rise since the beginning of the Holocene era (which began approximately 11,700 years ago) but suggests that it happened in “three distinct pulses,” rather than gradually.
The three major “pulses” of migration Lahr and her team identified matched up with the Neolithic period, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. The Neolithic period, which is when when agriculture and animal domestication first spread, saw a “well-known population expansion” that peaked around 7,500 years ago, the authors write. The other two peaks that the analysis identified were not as clearly defined by previous research: The peak during the Bronze Age, the period when complex civilizations in places like Mesopotamia and Egypt emerged and trade routes between Asia and Europe were established, happened about 5,000 years ago. The third migration pulse, the Iron Age, began around 3,200 years ago and witnessed a surge in European population sizes and global trade and warfare.
The famous Hanging Gardens of Babylon were created during the Bronze Age.
Because the new model was capable of creating spatiotemporally explicit simulation, the researchers were also able to compare the mobility of people between different time periods and different regions.
“One of the great features of this new method is that it can be used not only on genetic data, but also on the variation in the shape of ancient fossils,” explained co-author and University of Oxford graduate student Liisa Loog in a statement. “This means that the mathematical framework behind our method can easily be extended beyond the study of human movement: We can now explore changes in migration rates through time in animals are long extinct.”
Understanding ancient migration is particularly important for academics because it reveals not only how cultures are shaped by movement but explains how our current genetic profiles came to be. The authors hope that subsequent analysis of their findings will explain the variations of human genetic, morphological, and cultural traits. The Holocene era, which this model draws this data from, has witnessed the rise and fall of all human civilizations and is still the era we’re living in — and understanding the movements of our ancestors during this time will very likely help us understand ourselves better in the future.
If you liked this article, check out this video "Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past".
Last week, several people in Siberia reported a vaguely apocalyptic ball of light in the sky, which is both unsettling and on-brand for this year. While eyewitnesses thought the glowing sphere was the end of times or maybe even a UFO, the actual cause of the event might be something even more bizarre.
According to The Siberian Times, stargazers in the Yamalo-Nenets region of Russia had little explanation for what they were witnessing. Out of nowhere, a glowing circle seemed to appear in the sky like something from Twin Peaks: The Return.
One onlooker, Vasily Zubkov, said he was caught off-guard by the ominous orb and chalked it up to an impending doom. After waking up to a fresh hell every day this year, being eaten alive by a giant light wouldn’t even seem that unusual.
“I went out to smoke a cigarette and thought it was the end of the world,” he posted on the social media site VK.
Another VK user, Anastasia Boldyreva, put it more bluntly: “Aliens arrived.”
Obviously, the giant light ball wasn’t aliens or the apocalypse, but it was still something weird as hell. On October 26, Russia’s Ministry of Defense announced on Facebook that it had launched a Topol-M ballistic missile as part of a test mission. This, combined with some especially bright Northern Lights on display, could have accounted for the strange glow. Honestly, intercontinental missiles are much creepier than the other explanations.
While there hasn’t been any definite confirmation on what the glowing bubble was, we know what it definitely wasn’t: aliens. Please stop saying it’s aliens, you guys — if you keep talking about them like this they won’t ever visit.
If you liked this article, check out this video of an expert look at xenomorph biology fromAlien.
Humans have long desired to explore the vast realms of space. Today, we are finally poised to send people out into the cosmos. Indeed, a number of private and public space companies are gearing up for Space Race 2.0 — a (very expensive) competition that inches us closer to uncovering answers about our universe and exploring new realms of our own humanity.
Though they are still in the race, shifting priorities and limited budgets have undermined NASA’s lead in exploring the solar system and beyond. In the meantime, private entities like SpaceX and Virgin Galactic are flush with cash, and they are stepping up to try and engineer better, bigger, and faster rockets.
And this is a good thing because, if humans are to find life on other planets, or perhaps a new planet for ourselves, more work needs to be done. Engineers and scientists need to develop life support systems, find reliable sources of water and fuel, overcome the negative effects living in space has on the body, and find a faster way to travel.
There is still much to be done, but sending the average person to the Moon and beyond no longer seems so far out of reach. Yet, when will it finally happen? When will humans finally roam across an alien world? Here’s a comprehensive timeline of our future beyond Earth.
Late 2017: Heavy Falcon Launch
SpaceX plans to launch the Falcon Heavy for the first time before the end of 2017. Because the rocket can be reused, the Falcon Heavy rocket can deliver its payload into space at only a third of the cost of the next closest operational vehicle, the Delta IV Heavy. This lower upfront cost means that more organizations can carry out experiments in outer space. One of these experiments is the Planetary Society’s LightSail 2 solar sail that will launch on board a Heavy Falcon in early 2018.
SpaceX’s Falcon Heavy rocket lives up to its name. 27 rocket engines weigh down the 70-meter (229-foot), 1.4-metric-ton (3.1-million-pound) rocket. That’s a lot of extra weight, but the payload makes it worthwhile — the rocket can launch 63,800 kg (140,660 lbs) of equipment, cargo, and passengers into orbit around Earth. That’s more than double the weight that the Space Shuttle can haul to the same altitude.
2018: Preparing for Space Tourism
In 2018, SpaceX plans to launch more than ever before, sending 30 rockets into orbit (up from 20 in 2017). More attempts give the company more data to show how it can perfect its technology to launch rockets cheaply and securely. Eventually, this inexpensive and safe spaceflight will make space tourism finally viable. In fact, just this year, SpaceX announced that they would be sending two humans to orbit the Moon in 2018.
Virgin Galactic is gearing up to launch its first astronauts into space before the end of February 2018. Before it launches with passengers on board, though, the spacecraft will have to undergo a series of test flights.
The space plane, called the VSS Unity, completed its fifth ‘glide flight’ (distinct from the vertical trajectory of traditional space rockets) earlier in 2017. In the first months of 2018, it will be taking flights closer to the Karaman line, the official border between the Earth’s atmosphere and outer space located 100 km (62 miles) above the Earth’s surface.
Around that same time in early 2018, scientists will test the LightSail 2, a device that moves through space by harnessing the power of solar photons — no fuel tanks or thrusters required. The LightSail 2, a citizen-funded spacecraft and created bythe Planetary Society (the largest nonprofit organization that promotes the exploration of outer space), would be a proof of concept that solar sailing could propel spacecraft deeper into space. The unmanned, light-propelled spacecraft will hitch a ride on SpaceX’s Falcon Heavy rocket before taking its test flight at an altitude of 720 km (447.4 miles).
Blue Origin, the spaceflight services company started by Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, recently announced that it intends to take tourists to space before April 2019. In groups of six, passengers will board an 18-meter (60-foot) rocket to the edge of space, around 100 km (62 miles) from the Earth’s surface. Once there, they will experience zero-gravity flight. Three independent parachutes and a retro-thrust system ensure that passengers will gently sail back to Earth. This experience does not come cheap — a ticket to board the New Glenn to reach Earth orbit is rumored to cost anywhere between $150,000 and $250,000. And, yet, there’s little question that people will want to sign up — Virgin Galactic, a competing space tourism project, reportedly already has 700 people signed up.
In 2019, Blue Origin plans to add two- and three-stage rockets to its arsenal. They are fully reusable, up to 99 meters (326 feet) tall, and can deliver payloads at a relatively low cost, competing with SpaceX’s Falcon Heavy rockets.
NASA also intends to launch its James Webb Telescope in the first quarter of 2019. The telescope will observe the solar system in the infrared to see every phase of the solar system’s maturation; it will ultimately be 100 times more powerful than the Hubble Space Telescope, thanks to its array of 18 hexagonal mirror segments. With a combined mirror diameter of 6.5 meters (the Hubble measures in at only 2.4), the James Webb Telescope will be able to detect events such as the formation of galaxies dating back to the time of the Big Bang. It will also have a special focus on discovering new planets that could be capable of supporting life.
2020-2025: “Earth Reliant” and Beyond
From finding evidence of liquid water to detecting organic matter in the soil of the Red Planet’s surface, the Curiosity rover has answered some fundamental questions about what it’s like on Mars.
However, that information has also sparked more questions about what other elements may be present. To this end, in an effort to establish whether oxygen is present in the Martian atmosphere, and at what concentration, Curiosity’s successor, the Mars 2020 rover, will be saddled with a host of sensors and instruments that will allow it to answer this question. Information about oxygen concentration will be important if humans are ever able to visit the Red Planet themselves, which could be possible as early as 2030.
There are other things that need to happen if we’re going to colonize other planets. NASA has established three phases that we need to complete before this is possible. In the first, which NASA calls “Earth Reliant,” we continue to test the feasibility of living in space and conduct more research aboard the ISS. In the second (“Proving Ground”), operations around the Moon will be used to establish ways to return humans to the Earth safely. With those stages complete, we will finally reach the third stage (“Earth Independent”) in which humans establish a self-sufficient colony on Mars.
Image Credit: NASA
Just over 50 years after humans first touched the lunar surface, NASA is gearing up to launch another manned spacecraft to go beyond the Moon. The astronauts will be on board a ship called the Orion, which will lift off using NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS), a modular heavy launch vehicle. SLS is similar to SpaceX’s Heavy Falcon and has a maximum payload of 70 to 130 metric tons (150,000 to 290,000 lbs).
First, though, the spacecraft will do a few test runs without any humans on board. The first mission, Exploration Mission-1, is slated for late 2018. The SLS will launch the unmanned craft, travel to the Moon, enter orbit about 100 km (62 miles) above the lunar surface, and use gravity to propel itself into deep, unexplored space. The goal of this mission is to see if the craft can help humans survive a trip to distant planets.
The second mission (Exploration Mission-2), planned for August 2021, will be NASA’s first manned test flight beyond the Moon. “During this mission, we have a number of tests designed to demonstrate critical functions, including mission planning, system performance, crew interfaces, and navigation and guidance in deep space,” Bill Hill, the deputy associated administrator of Exploration Systems Development at NASA Headquarters said in a 2016 NASA blog.
To gain enough momentum to make the trip around the Moon, the spacecraft will have to make multiple orbits around Earth, occasionally igniting its thrusters. During its stable orbit of the Moon, the Orion will gather data and test the spacecraft’s capabilities for interplanetary flight.
2022: Making Mars Habitable
While NASA spends the 2020s exploring how to best keep humans healthy in space, SpaceX plans to start putting down the infrastructure for humans to colonize it. SpaceX anticipates completing its first 54.6-million-km (33.9-million-mile) trip to Mars in 2022.
In his update earlier this year, Elon Musk revealed plans for a rocket that is far bigger and more powerfulthan NASA’s Space Launch System and even his agency’s own Falcon Heavy — the BFR. A rocket that big would have enough space for fuel to take humans to Mars, or even allow for Earth-based city-to-city travel.
With a maximum payload of 150 tons, the enormous 106-meter (347.7-feet) rocket would break the current record for biggest payload (including cargo, fuel, and passengers) launched into orbit, while providing the lowest cost for each additional launch.
To reach the Moon, the BFR would launch from the Earth’s surface, transfer propellant from fuel depots previously stationed in Earth’s orbit, accelerate in orbit, pick up an injection of fuel for the remaining distance to the lunar surface on the way, and land. SpaceX plans to refuel the rocket once it is in orbit in order to extend its range and payload capacity so that it can return safely to Earth.
Tests have already shown that it’s possible to refuel rockets in space. NASA conducted the Robotic Refueling Mission in 2011, and it successfully completed a robot-actuated propellant transfer on an exposed platform of the International Space Station.
By 2022, SpaceX expects to land at least two cargo ships on Mars in order to establish a habitat for humans. The primary goal of those initial missions is to find a reliable source of water on the Martian surface.
Two years after those cargo ships establish an infrastructure, SpaceX plans to send humans to inhabit a colony on Mars. The passengers aboard the BFR’s 40-cabin Mars transit module will be the first to make the unprecedented trip.
This is, Musk would probably admit, an aggressive timeline. And it may not work in SpaceX’s favor: Due to planetary alignments and other factors such as solar power requirements and fuel limitations, the launch window of Earth-Mars travel is only a few weeks, according to Wired. And that’s assuming that all the other pieces fall perfectly into place — neither the BFR nor its predecessor, the Falcon Heavy, has yet had a successful launch.
Should the BFR mission make it to Mars, it will contain the materials to construct a propellant production plant as part of its Martian colony. The plan would suck carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and turn it into deep-cryo CO4 fuel using solar power.
2025-2030: A Year in Space
Image Credit: NASA
SpaceX might be ready to send humans to live in space by the early 2020s, but NASA is a little more cautious. The government space agency is planning to put astronauts into orbit for a year to find out if humans are indeed ready to live on a different planet.
In March 2016, NASA astronaut Scott Kelly completed a similar year-long missionaboard the ISS to test the effects of zero gravity on the human body and what that will mean for future space travel to Mars. Unlike Kelly’s mission, however, NASA’s 2021 mission will put astronauts in orbit around the Moon. They’ll be in a “deep-space gateway” — a small ISS-like station that will serve as a testing ground for future deep space missions, including later missions to Mars. It will be built over five earlier missions, four of them with humans aboard. The effects of spending a year in lunar orbit on the human body, caused by factors such as different day-night cycles and solar radiation, are still unknown.
2030s: NASA Sends Humans to Mars
Five years after SpaceX’s manned missions to Mars, NASA plans to send its own spacecraft to the Red Planet. Using data and samples from the Curiosity and Mars 2020 rovers, NASA will first establish how humans could sustain themselves on the Martian surface before sending manned spacecraft from its deep-space gateway to do so.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
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