{ http://www.beautyinspace.com/ }

01-02-2016 om 18:07 geschreven door peter  

NASA's Next Great Space Telescope: The Quest Begins

The hunt is on! NASA has begun a quest to select its next big instrument to study the cosmos.

Observatories such as the Hubble Space Telescope have revolutionized humanity's view of the cosmos. And upcoming projects, such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the WFIRST-AFTA mission — which the agency aims to launch in 2018 and the mid-2020s, respectively — promise to make big discoveries of their own.

But what will happen after that? What kind of space telescope does NASA aim to build a few decades from now? The picture is getting a little clearer: Earlier this month, the space agency announced that it is forming four working groups to investigate possible concepts for a large-scale space mission that would likely launch in the 2030s. [The Most Amazing Views of the Cosmos from Hubble]

One of the four mission concepts is focused on direct imaging of the surfaces of exoplanets, to potentially search for signs of life. The other three concepts are for space telescopes built to detect specific wavelengths of light: the ultraviolet/optical/near-infrared range, similar to what Hubble sees; X-ray light; and far-infrared light. The space agency is now accepting applications from scientists to join one of the four groups. Paul Hertz, director of NASA's astrophysics division, delivered a town hall talk at the 227th meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Florida earlier this month, in which he announced the formation of the groups and put out a call for applications.

The groups will put together a report that will show what kind of science each concept could accomplish, what capabilities it would have, what limitations exist for building it, and how each space telescope would benefit the entire astronomy community. Much of the potential science that each mission could accomplish was written about at length in NASA's 2013 Astrophysics Roadmap: "Enduring Quests, Daring Visions: NASAAstrophysics in the Next Three Decades."

Here is a brief description of each of the four mission concepts and what they hope to accomplish.

The habitable exoplanet imager mission

Scientists have indirectly identified about 2,000 planets outside Earth's solar system using the Kepler Space Telescope and other instruments. Now, scientists want a way to look directly at exoplanets that aren't too far from Earth. A direct-imaging planetary telescope could potentially reveal the atmospheres and surface conditions of alien worlds, and would search for signs of habitability or even bio-activity (yes, alien life), according to Bertrand Mennesson, an exoplanet scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, who is helping to lead this mission concept group.

The so-called "HabEx" mission would "help assess the prevalence of habitable planets and [the] possibly of primitive life in our galaxy," Mennesson told Space.com in an email. HabEx would also allow scientists to look at the atmospheres and surface conditions on all kinds of planets, including ice giants, gas giants and rocky planets, around various types of stars and in various solar system arrangements.

Such a telescope would also capture images of young planetary systems in the early stages of formation, providing a look at solar system evolution across the galaxy. Direct imaging of exoplanet atmospheres has already been demonstrated from the ground, Mennesson said.

Large ultraviolet, optical and infrared (LUVOIR) telescope

The Hubble Space Telescope, with its 7.9-foot-wide (2.4 meters) primary mirror, has revolutionized how humans see the cosmos. Imagine what a space telescope with a 39-foot (12 m) mirror could do.

There have been many proposals in the astronomy community for a 26- to 39-foot (8 to 12 m) telescope that collects light in the ultraviolet, optical and infrared wavelengths, as Hubble does. One of the most recent such proposals has been named the "High Definition Space Telescope," (HDST), but the general concept is called LUVOIR (Large Ultraviolet Visible Infrared). (The $8.8 billion JWST has a 21.3-foot-wide (6.5 m) mirror and will collect light mostly in the infrared, with some capability in the optical range.)

"LUVOIR could study the formation of stars and planets in our galaxy, map the evolution of galaxies, illuminate the birth of the first stars in the universe and probe into black hole environments," said Aki Roberge, a scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, who is helping to lead the group for this mission.

A LUVOIR telescope could also have some overlap with an exoplanet direct-imaging instrument such as HabEx, and would be able to characterize the atmospheres and surfaces of a wide range of planets, potentially identifying signatures of life. These capabilities are discussed extensively in an HDST report that was published in 2015.

"There will likely be a greater emphasis on astrophysics capabilities in the LUVOIR study than in the HabEx study, though both will be looking hard at exoplanet capabilities," Roberge told Space.com in an email. "LUVOIR may enable a broader range of exoplanet observations. The two teams aim to collaborate on the overlapping science and technical aspects as much as we can." [The Strangest Alien Planets]

X-ray surveyor mission

The X-ray universe has already revealed itself to be a strange and beautiful place, through observations (and jaw-dropping images) taken with various space telescopes, including NASA's Chandra X-Ray Observatory, the European Space Agency's XMM-Newton observatory and NASA's NuSTAR mission.

All of these telescopes have helped scientists study a wide variety of fascinating cosmic objects, including supernovas (exploding stars), black holes (and the disks of matter that swirl around them), galaxies and mysterious dark matter. [Photos: The X-Ray Universe Revealed by Chandra]

A new X-ray surveyor could provide insight into how matter behaves in some of the cosmos' most extreme environments, such as the region around a black hole, proponents say. It could provide a look at the birth and growth of the first supermassive black holes in the universe, and would allow scientists to look at how galaxies have formed and evolved over the lifetime of the universe (13.8 billion years). This backward glance would also reveal a look at the evolution of the larger structure of the universe according to the NASA Astrophysics Roadmap, and NASA scientists working with the concept group.

The X-ray surveyor would look out to the edge of the visible universe, allowing scientists to observe how galaxies have formed and evolved over the lifetime of the universe (about 13.8 billion years). This backward glance would also reveal a look at the evolution of the larger structure of the universe.

If NASA does end up building the X-ray Surveyor, the mission would provide orders of magnitude more sensitive than any other X-ray mission, the scientists said. 

Far-IR surveyor mission

All the stars in the universe collectively radiate an incredible amount of visible light, but scientists now know that as much as half of that starlight is blocked by dust clouds, and then reradiated as infrared light.

"If you don't do things in the infrared, you're missing half the picture, effectively," Kartik Sheth, a program scientist in the astrophysics division at NASA Headquarters, told Space.com.

With a next-generation far-infrared space telescope, scientists could study how stars and planets form by studying in detail the nurseries where these cosmic babies come to life. Infrared observations are also especially good for identifying the chemicals present in distant cosmic objects. This could mean looking for water in newly forming solar systems.

The vast majority of elements in the universe are made by stars (which means that "we are made of starstuff," as the late astronomer Carl Sagan famously said). A next-generation far-infrared telescope could study stars at various stages of their life cycles to reveal when and where different elements are being made. Effectively, such an instrument would provide scientists a list of ingredients in many cosmic objects, advocates say.

The far-infrared mission concept would look at a range of wavelengths that fall between what will be observed by JWST and the ground-based Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), which is coming online in Chile. This particular range of light gets distorted by Earth's atmosphere, which means scientists must put an infrared telescope into space to capture them properly. The instruments on NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope that captured light in the far-infrared range have all shut down (although a few shorter wavelength instruments are still operational). Following Spitzer's retirement, there will be no space observatories studying the far-infrared wavelength range. The only other observatory operating in this wavelength range is NASA's Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), which is a modified Being 747 aircraft that can fly to altitudes where the Earth's atmosphere is significantly thinner. It is currently the largest airborne observatory in the world.

"The far-infrared community has not had a space-mission like Hubble or Chandra that has continuously operated for a long time," Sheth said.

Which mission will be selected?

NASA invests in missions of various sizes, such as the Fermi Gamma Ray Telescope, or the Wide Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). But the four mission concepts being reviewed by the newly announced working groups will be large-scale missions that follow in the footsteps of Hubble, JWST and WFIRST-AFTA (whose name is short for Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope-Astrophysics Focused Telescope Assets). Missions of this size take decades to complete, which is why NASA is starting the process now, even though any of these missions might not begin operating until the mid-2030s or 2040, Hertz said.

The decision about which, if any, of these concepts becomes a reality will likely be strongly influenced by a group outside of NASA. Every 10 years, the National Academy of Sciences' National Research Council puts together a committee to talk about what priorities the astronomy and astrophysics communities should set for the coming decade. The committee then releases a report, known as the "decadal survey," that makes specific recommendations for the next 10 years. Past surveys have recommended current NASA projects including JWST and WFIRST-AFTA. NASA typically follows the recommendations set by this survey.

The four concept groups will work to provide the decadal committee with all the information they need to make a decision about which mission concept should become a reality. One of these mission concepts may inform NASA's next big mission to explore the cosmos.

Follow Calla Cofield @callacofield. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook and Google+. Original article on Space.com.

{  http://www.space.com/ }

01-02-2016 om 17:41 geschreven door peter  

7 of the most surreal UFO documents from the CIA archives.

aka Tman/Flickr

Nearly 40 years ago, the CIA declassified a mountain of documents related to UFO sightings.

Now that "The X-Files" has been revived as a miniseries, the CIA decided to resurface those files. Many of them trace back to the early 1950s, at a time when political tensions were still frozen over and flying objects were seen as national security threats.

Here are some of the most interesting.

View As: One Page Slides

A memo on national security and the 'vulnerability to air attack' from flying saucers

CIA

On October 2, 1952, the Assistant Director in the Office of Scientific Intelligence sent a memoto the Director of the entire CIA with the subject "Flying Saucers."

As the AD wrote, "'Flying saucers' pose two elements of danger which have national security implications. The first involves mass psychological considerations and the second concerns the vulnerability of the United States to air attack."

The AD recommended more research be conducted to explore the "implications of the 'flying saucer' problem."

(If you listen closely enough, you can almost hear them typing the word "drones" decades ahead of time.)

Uzbekistan's mysterious light show

CIA

The late 1940s in the Uzbekistan capital city of Tashkent saw more unidentified light shows than it could count. 

"From May to September 1947," a CIA information report reads, "three light phenomena happening at intervals of about 15 minutes were seen almost every night between 9 and 10 p.m. local time." At its highest point, the light seemed to be roughly a fifth the diameter of a full moon.

As the report details, the light always began as a bright red ball. Within seconds it would grow a fiery tail and then morph into a green, then white, mass.

"Smoke trails, noises, or detonations were not noticed."

Fiery disks looming over Belgian uranium mines

CIA

A daily newspaper in Vienna, of all publications, reported on a peculiar sighting of "two fiery disks" hovering over uranium mines in mid-August, 1952.

As the report explains, the two objects supposedly tore through the airspace in a highly erratic fashion. At one point they would be soaring vertically away from the onlookers, and the next they'd be diving down "to within 20 meters of the tree tops." 

Commander Pierre of the local airfield took off in his own fighter plane to wrangle the unknown aircraft. However, "Pierre had to give up pursuit after 15 minutes since both disks, with a loud whistling sound which he heard despite the noise of his own plane, disappeared in a straight line toward Lake Tanganyika."

Pierre later estimated the disks were traveling more than 900 miles per hour.

The East German flying saucers of 1952

CIA

The CIA published this internal document reporting on one German man's fantastic account of a 45-foot-wide disk he spotted in a forest when his motorcycle broke down.

Accompanied by his 11-year-old daughter, the man approached the strange-looking object to find two men in "shiny metallic clothing" kneeling over the disk, which had a cone-shaped capsule on top.

Once the two men realized they were being watched, the man says, they hopped into the capsule and the disk began to leave the ground. Eventually, it rose high above the trees and took off.

"I had never heard of the term 'flying saucer' before I escaped from the Soviet Union into West Berlin," the man later said. "When I saw this object, I immediately thought it was a new Soviet military machine."

Flying objects passing over Casablanca

CIA

In early September 1952, multiple sightings were reported of various UFOs over Casablanca, Morocco. The town made famous in the 1942 film of the same name saw two flying saucers that were "elongated in shape" and "followed by a trail of white light."

On a separate occasion in July, two other people reported seeing a "blue-green, ball-shaped object" just before midnight "moving at a high rate of speed." The mysterious object disappeared after only three or four seconds, however, "as though it had literally melted into the sky."

The very next morning, another couple observed a mysterious object around 9 a.m. for roughly 30 seconds. Several more accounts, all with differing details, emerged that summer. 

Three Norwegian guys walk into a forest...

CIA

In mid-November 1952, three men working in a forest in Kirkenes, Norway spotted a flat, round object just hovering roughly 1,500 feet in the air.

"The object appeared to have a diameter of 15-20 meters (50-65 feet)," the CIA report stated. "After the workers had observed the object for a while, it suddenly flew away at great speed in a northwesternly direction."

They were the only people who reported seeing the object, unfortunately for them. "They swear, however, that their report is true."

The CIA begins to have its doubts

CIA

With all these reports coming in, it didn't take long for the CIA to get suspicious. In August 1952 (keep in mind, still two months ahead of its memo on those two national security concerns), the Deputy Assistant Director of the Scientific Intelligence office released a memodiscounting the threat posed by UFOs.

"Of 1000 to 2000 such reports received by ATIC (Air Technical Intelligence Center), a large percentage are clearly 'phoney,'" the report reads. In fact, many of the reported flights were easily explained as known missions using US equipment, the report went on.

Owing to the agency's uncertainty, however, the Deputy AD recommended CIA surveillance continue on the mysterious "flying saucers" under the cover of darkness. 

"It is strongly urged ... that no indication of CIA interest or concern reach the press or public," the report read, "in view of their probable alarmist tendencies to accept such interest as 'confirmatory' of the soundness of 'unpublished facts' in the hands of the U.S. government."

{ http://www.techinsider.io/ } 

01-02-2016 om 17:26 geschreven door peter  

Où sont tous les extraterrestres ?

Extrait du film "E.T. l'extraterrestre". © Universal Pictures.

La scène se passe en 1950 aux Etats-Unis, dans la cafétéria du Laboratoire national de Los Alamos où la bombe atomique américaine a été développée pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Le Prix Nobel de physique 1938, l'Italo-Américain Enrico Fermi, entouré de quelques collègues, se demande si notre civilisation est la seule à avoir atteint un stade technologique dans la galaxie. Le raisonnement est schématiquement le suivant : si ce stade a été atteint par des peuples extraterrestres, il y a de bonnes chances que certains  l'aient fait depuis des milliers voire des millions d'années. Par conséquent, ils ont eu le temps de résoudre les problèmes des voyages interstellaires et de mener à bien la colonisation de la Voie lactée. D'où la question, logique, que Fermi pose : "Si les extraterrestres existent, où sont-ils donc tous ?"

Devenue célèbre sous le nom de paradoxe de Fermi, cette question posée à une époque où, primo, l'aventure spatiale humaine n'avait pas encore véritablement commencé et où, secundo, on était fort loin de découvrir la première planète extrasolaire – il faut bien que les extraterrestres vivent quelque part –  a fait cogiter nombre de chercheurs, qu'ils soient astronomes ou biologistes. Les décennies ont passé et bien des inconnues que mettait en lumière le paradoxe de Fermi se sont estompées. On sait que les exoplanètes rocheuses semblables à la Terre sont sans doute pléthore dans la Voie lactée et on a mieux précisé les conditions favorables à l'apparition de la vie. Dans son livre A l'écoute du vivant, le chercheur belge Christian de Duve, Prix Nobel de médecine, expliquait ainsi que "la vie fait partie de l'Univers. C'est une manifestation normale de la matière qui obéit à ses lois." Une affirmation qui renforçait encore le caractère "poil à gratter" du paradoxe de Fermi car si le passage de l'inerte au vivant est réellement un processus physico-chimique simple, à condition qu'on ait beaucoup de temps devant soi, qu'est-ce qui empêche qu'E.T. soit partout ou qu'il ait du moins laissé des traces visibles par tous ?

A la fin des années 1990, alors que le programme SETI d'écoute du ciel à la recherche de signaux radio artificiels ne faisait état que d'un assourdissant silence, a émergé, sous la plume de l'économiste Robin Hanson, le concept de Grand Filtre : ainsi que le résume le site Astronomes.com d'Olivier Esslinger, le Grand Filtre est"un obstacle insurmontable qui empêche le passage de la matière inerte à une civilisation galactique". A un moment donné, quelque chose bloque. Ce "quelque chose", ce goulot d'étranglement, a souvent été placé très tôt dans le long processus censé mener à l'avènement de cette "civilisation galactique".

Dans une étude australienne publiée le 20 janvier par la revue Astrobiology, les chercheurs Aditya Chopra et Charles Lineweaver pensent que le point de blocage ne se trouve pas au tout début de la chaîne mais plus loin : si l'on suit leur raisonnement, si les extraterrestres ne sont pas partout, c'est parce qu'ils sont morts avant d'en avoir eu le temps et non pas parce que la vie naît difficilement. Pour arriver à cette conclusion, les deux auteurs de cette étude ont, un peu comme la check-list d'un pilote et d'un copilote, méthodiquement repris les grandes étapes de l'apparition et de l'évolution du vivant pour voir où le Grand Filtre avait le plus de chances de se placer. Y a-t-il un problème astrophysique ? Non, car les étoiles autour desquelles des planètes rocheuses sont susceptibles de se former à une distance où l'eau serait présente sous forme liquide se comptent probablement en milliards dans la Voie lactée, voire davantage. Y a-t-il un problème chimique ? Non, car les éléments essentiels à la vie telle que nous la connaissons, à savoir les CHNOPS (carbone, hydrogène, azote, oxygène, phosphore et soufre), sont aussi parmi les éléments les plus courants dans l'Univers. Y a-t-il un problème d'énergie ? Non plus, car l'étoile en fournit suffisamment.

Pour Aditya Chopra et Charles Lineweaver, le problème est ailleurs. On peut, selon eux, trouver facilement des environnements propices dans lesquels la vie éclora. En revanche, rien ne garantit que ces environnements garderont durablement des conditions favorables, parce qu'une planète, à sa manière, est "vivante", qu'elle évolue, qu'elle est soumise à des règles physiques et à des cycles. Ces deux chercheurs reprennent ainsi les exemples de Vénus et de Mars, nées dans la "zone d'habitabilité" du Soleil. L'eau y a coulé sous forme liquide. Peut-être la vie y est-elle même apparue. Mais si c'est le cas, elle n'a pas pu s'y maintenir : soumise à un effet de serre galopant, Vénus s'est transformée en enfer surchauffé, à plus de 400°C, tandis que Mars a perdu son atmosphère et s'est gelée. Il faut bien admettre que l'eau n'est pas facile à maintenir sur une planète sous sa forme liquide. D'ailleurs, elle aura disparu de la Terre d'ici un à deux milliards d'années...

L'étude d'Astrobiology pose la question de savoir si le fait que la vie ait perduré sur notre planète est uniquement dû à des conjonctions physiques favorables. Et la réponse est surprenante. Pour ses auteurs, si la Terre n'a pas perdu son habitabilité, c'est probablement grâce... au vivant lui-même. Celui-ci n'est en effet pas un simple"passager passif", pour reprendre la jolie expression présente dans cet article, mais il "modifie et régule activement son environnement". Comment ? Par exemple en agissant sur la composition de l'atmosphère, sur les gaz à effet de serre, sur l'albédo de la planète, c'est-à-dire sur sa capacité à renvoyer ou à absorber les rayons solaires. Par ces mécanismes dits de rétroaction, la vie crée les conditions de sa propre perpétuation... ou, si tout tourne mal, de son extinction.

J'en prends pour exemple, même s'il n'est pas cité dans l'étude, l'épisode dit de la Grande Oxydation. Les premiers organismes terrestres étaient anaérobies : ils n'avaient pas besoin d'oxygène pour fonctionner et celui-ci était même une sorte de déchet relargué dans l'océan où il était capturé par le fer. Mais lorsque tout le fer a été utilisé, l'oxygène s'est accumulé dans les mers et dans l'atmosphère. Non seulement cet élément était toxique pour les organismes de l'époque mais il s'est aussi associé avec le méthane présent dans l'air, retirant de l'atmosphère ce puissant gaz à effet de serre. Cela aurait provoqué une chute brutale des températures et, entre 2,4 et 2,1 milliards d'années, l'épisode dit de la glaciation huronienne, où la Terre aurait été recouverte de glaces. Catastrophe ? Au terme de cette très longue glaciation, de nouvelles formes de vie compatibles avec une atmosphère riche en oxygène ont pris le relais et nous sommes leurs lointains descendants. Cette histoire illustre bien la capacité de la vie à influencer les cycles géochimiques et à les transformer en cycles biogéochimiques. On pourrait aussi citer l'action de l'homme sur le cycle du carbone et toutes les conséquences qui en découlent...

Au bout du compte, si les extraterrestres ne sont pas partout, c'est, estiment les auteurs de cette étude, parce que, sur la plupart des planètes, le changement des conditions physiques "conspire à éliminer la vie naissante avant qu'elle ait une chance d'évoluer suffisamment pour réguler les cycles globaux". Selon leurs modèles, la grande majorité des planètes vivables seraient incapables de maintenir leur habitabilité plus de 1 ou 1,5 milliard d'années. Les planètes telles que la Terre, celles où le vivant a pris la barre avant d'être balayé, seraient donc une minorité chanceuse.

Pierre Barthélémy (suivez-moi ici sur Twitter ou bien là sur Facebook)

Lire aussi :

• A la recherche des extraterrestres autour de l'étoile mystérieuse
• Peut-on voir mourir une civilisation extraterrestre ?
• Le grand bobard du voyage vers les étoiles
• En 1938, le Nobel de physique récompensait... une incroyable erreur

{ http://www.lemonde.fr/ }

ps remarque d'un mebre de Magonie = L'auteur est un sceptique dur et plus stupide que la moyenne de sa tribu !!! Qu'est-ce que pensez vous?

01-02-2016 om 17:04 geschreven door peter  

Monthly Statistical MUFON Report - for January 2016:

CMS continues to amass sighting reports from around the globe. In January 2016 there were 687 sightings reported to MUFON through CMS from the following countries; 

Within the United States the distribution by State was as follows;

If you are getting more sighting reports than listed here, please be sure to enter them manually into CMS. To make this happen automatically, make sure your local MUFON Website is pointing to the CMS Reporting form onwww.mufon.com and direct all calls you get to the MUFON website so that witnesses can enter their own report directly into CMS.

ALL sighting reports received by CMS are already filled in by the witness, saving you and your investigators time. Each report is automatically sent to YOU, the State Director and Assistant State Director, for you to assign someone to follow-up and complete the report.

If a UFO sighting comes in over the phone, or by e-mail, and you want to enter it yourself, simply go to CMS athttp://mufoncms.com (once logged in) and click on "ADD CASE" in the upper right hand corner of the screen. This gives you a blank sighting reporting form that you can fill out while the witness is on the phone. Once the report is filled out be sure to click "SAVE" and you will have easily added your NEW report to CMS.

Other interesting data points in CMS during January 2016 are the shape of the UFOs reported which were as follows; 

as well as the distance from the observer;

Most impressively there were 28 Landings, Hovering, or Takeoffs reported and 1 Entities observed.

To review the CMS data yourself go to www.mufon.com and click on "UFO Case Files" to 1.) Easily look at the Last 20 Sightings, or 2.) Do a customized search of the CMS database by date and/or location, or 3.) Logon to CMS for even more detailed UFO sighting information about your State and the World.

I hope you are enjoying our new internet based Sighting and Reporting System. For questions regarding its use please refer to the User Guide available on your CMS main menu screen. Please send your questions and/or suggestions to Jan Harzan at janharzan@hotmail.com.

Thank you!

01-02-2016 om 16:36 geschreven door peter  

Bob Lazar 25 Years Later - "Wish I Hadn't Told The Truth"

01-02-2016 om 16:05 geschreven door peter  

According to Ufologists, a cigar-shaped UFO caused the eruption of one of Mexico’s volcanoes

01-02-2016 om 15:50 geschreven door peter  

Strange Lights Captured Hovering Over King of Prussia

http://www.todaysufovideos.com

Witness Statement: I was driving south bound on route 202 when I saw 2 VERY bright lights to my right (northwest). At first I thought they were planets Bc around the lights were the normal helicopters and airplanes far away. But as I got closer the lights got bigger...they are horizontal, about three of them. The object was stationary. The second object either headed north or disappeared. There were NO flashing lights on what I was recording. Just three white lights that stayed on. I was driving and watching the road while filming so my apologies for the lack of focus.

After about a minute it's gone. Then later on as I approached 30bypass west I see another object with two flashing whites that appeared to be hovering in front of a helicopter.

Could these be drones? The only drones I've seen have blue and red lights. Nothing nearly this bright, nor this big. Or was it something else? (Read more…)

01-02-2016 om 15:41 geschreven door peter  

Ingang gevonden naar buitenaardse basis Himalaya gebergte ( VIDEO )

{ www.NIBURU.nl }

01-02-2016 om 15:23 geschreven door peter  

Author Timothy Good Talks About The W56 Alien Group Below Rocca Pia, Italy, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of alien contact: 1956
Location of contact: Rocca Pia, Italy

I love to hear about the W56 in Rocca Pia. The alien base is located below the old castle there. They recruited many humans in that area to interact with them, but interactions are limited, as are the reasons why they asked for certain deliveries to be made. For the full W56 story click here. 
Scott C. Waring
www.ufosightingsdaily.com

News states:
In this exciting episode Dark Journalist interviews the legendary UFO investigator and best-selling author Timothy Good. His deep research on ET contact has led him to the startling conclusion that there are both benevolent and sinister alien beings battling for influence and control of planet earth! In his newly revealed investigation Timothy has discovered an ongoing worldwide contactee group known as "Amicizia" or "Friendship" that spans over five decades of alien contact. These helpful ET visitors, who are known simply as the "W56," closely resemble human beings and want to help humanity grow spiritually. However, Timothy also reveals that contacts deep inside military intelligence have informed him of a technologically super-advanced negative ET group. These malevolent aliens are attempting to genetically engineer a hybrid race comprised of human DNA spliced with alien genes from the species traditionally known as the "Greys." Highly scientifically advanced, these aliens have also constructed massive, sophisticated underground bases around the world and are attempting to complete their evil takeover plan in a one hundred year period ending in 2046!

{ http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

01-02-2016 om 14:51 geschreven door peter  

UFO Returns To Earths Sun, Do Aliens Have The Right To Use It? Jan 28, 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News

Date of sighting: January 28, 2016

Location of sighting: Earths Sun

Source photo:

http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov//data/REPROCESSING/Completed/2016/c3/20160128/20160128_1506_c3_1024.jpg

 

This ship was caught heading directly at our sun last week by Streetcap1 of Youtube. This really puts humanity in an awkward position. Honestly, who has the rights to use the sun as they see fit? I mean, what if they mess with it to much and cause a solar explosion so big it destroys the first three planets? What can they say, "oops, my bad!" That just doesn't work with me. WTF are they doing with our sun and why is NASA trusting the existence of all life on Earth to these aliens messing with it? Sure we are the little guys, but we are not all blind to the workings beyond our atmosphere. NASA and SOHO are responsible for taking video and photos of our sun, so they are 100% aware of it. Why are they not talking about this to the public? Perhaps they are scared of the public panicking? NASA never owns up to it and seems they never will. 

 

Oh, and a message to the aliens out there. Stop messing with our #@$%ing sun! We know the consequences of you making a mistake...we have to pay for it. 

Scott C. Waring

www.ufosightingsdaily.com

{ http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

01-02-2016 om 14:46 geschreven door peter  

Most remarkable UFO sightings in January 2016

3rd January 2016; bright Orbs – Calgary, Canad

13th January 2016; intelligent UFO – Melbourne, Australia

14th January 2016; daytime UFO – El Cajon, California

15th January 2016; fast UFOs – Mudgee, Australia

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

01-02-2016 om 14:38 geschreven door peter  

World First: Nanobot Micromotors Deliver Medical Payload Inside Living Creature

via internetmedicine.com

Researchers working at the University of California, San Diego have claimed a world first in proving that artificial, microscopic machines can travel inside a living creature and deliver their medicinal load without any detrimental effects. Using micro-motor powered nanobots propelled by gas bubbles made from a reaction with the contents of the stomach in which they were deposited, these miniature machines have been successfully deployed in the body of a live mouse.

The picayune robots used in the research were tubular, about 20 micrometers long, 5 micrometers in diameter, and coated in zinc. Once the mouse ingested these tiny tubes and they reached the stomach, the zinc reacted with the hydrochloric acid in the digestive juices to produce bubbles of hydrogen which then propelled the nanobots along like miniature rockets.

Reaching speeds of up to 60 micrometers per second, the nanobots headed outwards toward the stomach lining where they then embedded themselves, dissolved, and delivered a nanoparticle compound directly into the gut tissue.

According to the researchers, of all the nanobots deployed in the stomach of the mouse, those that reached the stomach walls remained attached to the lining for a full 12 hours after ingestion, thereby proving their effectiveness and robust nature.

Read more here: Nanobot micromotors deliver medical payload in living creature for the first time

IN BRIEF

In a world first, researchers from the University of California have reportedly delivered medicine directly to the stomach of a living organism using nanobots.

NANOBOTS

Scientists from the University of California are claiming that they have managed to deliver a medical payload directly into the gut tissue of a live organism using micro-motored nanobots.

Notably, the team behind the work notes that these little, microscopic machines can travel inside of the living creature and deliver the medical treatment without causing any harmful side effects related to the small bots.

Using micro-motor powered nanobots propelled by gas bubbles made from a reaction with the contents of the stomach in which they were deposited, these miniature machines have been successfully deployed in the body of a live mouse.

Image credit: Shutterstock

The tubular nanobots, which are about 20 micrometers long, 5 micrometers in diameter, and coated in zinc, are propelled by gas bubbles that are produced once the zinc reacts with the hydrochloric acid in the digestive system.

The nanobots travel at speeds of up to 60 micrometers per second and embed themselves in the stomach walls…where they remain after a full 12 hours.

MICROMACHINES

These nanobots have been previously used on organic tissue, but this marks the first time that it was tested on a living organism. The success of this test leads researchers behind the study to further explore the technology as a way to deliver targeted drugs in humans.

However, as is always the case with medical breakthroughs, treatments must undergo rigorous testing and get approval from the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) before they can be used. possible application and testing on humans will need to be studied carefully before regulatory organizations give the go-ahead.

So there is no guarantee that this will be implemented, but it is exciting research.

The study, published in the journal ACS Nano, has yet to make announcements regarding the possibility of human-based trials or when such trials may begin.

31-01-2016 om 23:58 geschreven door peter  

Extensive System of Caves Discovered Under the Pyramids

Something extremely strange is happening in Giza, both under the pyramids and in the office of Dr. Hawass. Even skeptics of the "Hall of Records" from Atlantis are now forced to admit that something big is being hidden.

In August of 2008 a system of caves was discovered under the pyramids. Certainly this is very big news. But look at the reaction of Dr. Hawass on his website:

Surely Hawass is intimately aware of such a discovery. 

So Why deny it? What is he trying to hide? Dies this have anything to do with the wall that is being built to surround the Giza complex? What secrets don't they want us to know?

Inside Giza's cave underworld

In December 2009, after denying that they existed, Egypt's leading Egyptologist, Dr Zahi Hawass, has had to admit that an excavation team under his charge is investigating an ancient tomb at the centre of claims regarding the alleged discovery of a cave underworld beneath the Pyramids of Giza.

This is a surprising announcement for several reasons, not the least being that the "alleged" cave system has already been explored and photographed by British writer and explorer Andrew Collins. In August 2008, Collins announced that he had rediscovered the entrance to a previously unexplored cave system, entered via a mysterious tomb several hundred meters west of the Great Pyramid.

Collins also found clues left in the 200-year-old memoirs of British diplomat and explorer Henry Salt. Salt wrote how, in 1817, he and Italian explorer Giovanni Caviglia had investigated cave "catacombs" at Giza for a distance of "several hundred yards" before coming across a "spacious" chamber. This chamber linked to three others of equal size, from which went various labyrinthine passages, one of which the Italian later explored for a distance of "300 feet further".

Collins decided to look for these caves in the area where the unmarked star of Cygnus would align in relation to the three pyramids. He discovered a series of catacombs, as Henry Salt had described, but no sign of any caves. Then, as he was about to leave the site he noticed a break in the catacomb wall which eventually revealed the entrance to this huge complex network of caves.

Excited by this monumental discovery, Collins immediately went to inform the Egyptian authorities and expected them to be as excited as he was. Wrong!

Egyptian Authorities Try to Hide the Cave's Discovery

According to Collins,

    "Dr Hawass [Secretary General for Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities] actually denied the existence of the caves. He has done this publicly. Why he has done this is a matter of debate.The most easiest explanation is that the preliminary investigations that he did following our visit to inform him of the discovery of this cave, in April 2008, meant that his people went in the tomb overlooked the entrance, as we did initially."

Fifteen months later, bowing to the inquiries made by the press and Egyptian scholars, Dr Hawass confirmed that he has ordered an all-Egyptian team to explore the tomb at the center of the "controversy". Controversy? How could a discovery on such a scale be controversial?

   "We are clearing this system now, and it is a Late Period catacomb, like many others around Egypt," he stated this week. "There is no mystery about it, and there is no connection with esoteric topics. We will publish our results as part of our normal process."

While applauding Dr Hawass's new interest in the site, Collins remains sceptical of his motives. 
   "We knew in August that he had started clearing the tomb," he said. "The excavations began almost immediately after knowledge of the cave discovery hit the internet."

Collins is also unconvinced by Hawass's explanation of what he calls the "catacomb". "Does his use of the term 'system' now suggest that he has found and entered the caves, which he previously denied even existed? he asks.
"My colleagues and I have examined photographic evidence of dynastic catacombs throughout Egypt, and these all appear to be carved by human hands." -Hawass

But photographs don't lie.

Collins says, "Those at Giza are natural, and penetrate the bedrock for many hundreds of metres, perhaps following the course of local geological faulting."
Although Dr Hawass suggests there is no mystery surrounding the "catacomb", Collins suspects that the caves extend beneath the Second Pyramid, where ancient tradition puts the legendary Tomb of Hermes, Egypt's legendary founder. This is significant because Hermes is known as the Great Wisdom Bringer and Collins suspects that the chambers could possibly reveal something left behind by Hermes - something like the legendary Hall of Records.

The Hall of Records - as Prophesied by Edgar Cayce

According to the legendary psychic, Edgar Cayce, the pyramids were constructed by an ancient civilization that had its origins in Atlantis. This great civilization existed somewhere around 10,000 to 11,000 BC and was responsible for building the Great Pyramid, and for burying the lost history of mankind in a chamber called "The Hall of Records."
"The records are one... (contain)... a record of Atlantis from the beginnings of those periods when the spirit took form or began the encasements in that land." - Cayce

The records extend through the first destructions of that ancient civilization, the exodus of Atlanteans to other lands, and the final destruction of Atlantis. 

They contain a description of the building of the Great Pyramid, as well as a prophecy of "who, what, where, would come [to make] the opening of the records."
Collins says,

"This has never been found. So perhaps it is still there, awaiting discovery, somewhere close to where Salt and Caviglia reached nearly 200 years ago.

"I do believe that the caves that we have entered are part of a much larger complex that stretches right beneath the entire Giza plateau."

Collins explains that the network of caves are natural and resemble Swiss Cheese. He believes they were formed long before the pyramids were built and suggests that they could be the reason the pyramids were built on this site. The early civilizations believed that part of the dying process involved traversing the so-called "underworld" and these caves might have been viewed as the entrance to this underworld. There is evidence of human activity in the deepest parts of the caves.

Satellite images help verify the caves

According to Collins, "Satellite images would tend to suggest that the caves... go all the way to the Second Pyramid." A little west of here archaeologists have found a collection of bird mummies. Since the constellation of Cygnus is historically depicted as a bird, specifically a swan, it is theorized that worshippers left mummified birds as an offering associated with this star configuration or perhaps to Socar, the bird-like figure that was the ruler of the underworld.

From the entrance of the caves it appears that you can travel towards the Second Pyramid and directly under the spot where the Cygnus star, Deneb, would be aligned with the three pyramids and the wings of Cygnus. Is this where we will find the famed "Hall of Records"? Will the Egyptian government allow the world to know about what's really there? Why are they being so secretive?

What's in the caves

As of February 2010, Dr Zahi Hawass revealed that the system of caves was being probed by a host of experts.

"We have experts in all fields working with us," he revealed this week. "Archaeologists, geologists, engineers, and architects, to name a few... I will be posting information about our excavation at Giza on my web site and will be publishing the results of our work in due course."
Work at the cave-tomb, designated "NC2" by American Egyptologist George A. Reisner, has discovered two new rock-cut shafts and stairways leading into a maze of underground chambers and galleries never seen before in recorded history. Dr Hawass has suggested that they may date to the Old kingdom period. It appears that the caves were originally used as catacombs but leter were used for a bird necropolis, where mummified birds and other small animals were offered as sacrifices.

A British man named Richard Gabriel and his partner Judith was able to gain access to the tomb and cave system and take a sequence of breathtaking pictures. The top 5 photos are from the actual tomb.

Notice the many electrical cables (above, left) indicating the level of activity currently being undertaken in the caves (Are they taking out anything of interest? Are they covering up the signs of past civilizations? Are they hiding the entrances to the underground tunnels?). 

Do you remember the YouTube videos about the night time excavations from under the Sphinx? They took out from the tunnels massive covered boxes and sent them to Cairo's airport. The boxes had been loaded into C-17's cargo airplanes belonging to the US Air Force. 

The boxes had been transported ONLY during the night time! The officials denied it, of course!

One photo displays rock simulacrum in the form of a snake's head, making sense of local folk stories which claim that the caves are haunted by a giant snake called el-Nahash (Not again! Every time we dig deep enough, there is always a reptilian figure lurking in the underground!). 

Reference: Viewzone.com;
What if the cave system leads somewhere deeper? Maybe to an underground city. The history of Atlantis is filled with stories of underground cities. A huge underground city has been discovered in Romania (it has 200 square kilometers).

{ http://humansarefree.com/ }

31-01-2016 om 22:49 geschreven door peter  

Inner-Earth Civilizations May Soon Reveal Themselves!

Author and researcher David Wilcock told C2C that an alliance of ancient civilizations currently residing inside the Earth may be soon reveal themselves to the world.

 

During the formation of all watery planets in the universe, he explained, hollow cavities form below the surface of the crust and have their own biome that features bacteria which gives off natural light.

 

"What this means is that you can actually live inside caverns in the Earth that have visible light," he marveled.

Based on his research, Wilcock said, "it appears that these cavities are used so that more advanced civilizations have a place they can live while they're managing what takes place on the surface."

 

Over the span of the planet's history, he said, various advanced societies, such as the Atlanteans, took refuge underground in order to survive tumultuous times and ultimately settled in their new subterranean location.

 

While the presence of these civilizations has been a part of UFO lore for decades, he contended that the government has direct knowledge of their presence due to accidentally discovering them via clandestine projects aimed at building secret underground bases.

 

 

"They'll have these tunnel boring machines and sometimes they break through into someplace they're not supposed to go," Wilcock claimed, "and there's already people there."

 

Citing the testimony of contactee Corey Goode, Wilcock revealed that the tenuous relationship between the Inner Earth people and those with knowledge of their existence has recently become fractured.

"This military industrial complex had formerly worked with these people and had treaties with them and is now trying to kill them."

 

As such, these Inner Earth societies have come together in response to the emerging threat and have turned to interstellar entities in the hopes of gaining help in the fight against the forces trying to destroy them.

 

According to Wilcock, a long sought after meeting between the two groups was finally held and Goode was allowed to observe the exchange. The strange summit resulted in a stunning request from the interstellar entities.

 

"The Inner Earth people came out of it quite shell-shocked," Wilcock said, "they have been asked to reveal themselves to us as part of disclosure."

 Should the subterranean societies comply with the request, he mused, "I think we are going to find out that underground bases are much more extensive than we thought and much more ancient."

For the full interview with David Wilcock watch video below

 { http://7tales.net/index.php }

31-01-2016 om 22:21 geschreven door peter  

Depuis près de 40 ans, une polémique fait rage concernant les véritables couleurs de la planète Mars. Notre voisine est-elle vraiment rouge, comme l'assurent la tradition et la NASA ? Ou son aspect est-il bien plus proche des paysages terriens ainsi que le laissent supposer certaines photos ?

La NASA s’efforce-t-elle de nous cacher que la planète rouge est en réalité aussi bleue que la terre ? Cette nouvelle polémique aux relents complotistes est partie de photos prises par le Rover Mars Spirit où l’on découvre un ciel d’azur et un sol rocailleux à la teinte bleu pâle.

© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS La planète rouge est-elle bleue ?

Le site Ufosighting Daily, qui a recensé d’innombrables « anomalies » martiennes, souvent délirantes mais quelquefois troublantes, a ouvert les hostilités :

   « 99 fois sur cent, la NASA publie des photos avec des fausses couleurs ou en noir et blanc. Mais, cette fois, voici une vue non modifiée du paysage martien. La couleur des rochers varie du blanc au bleu et le ciel sans nuage ressemble au ciel terrien. Je voulais juste vous révéler ce petit secret que la NASA ne veut pas que vous connaissiez. »

Comme d’habitude, Ufosighting Daily n’y va pas avec le dos de la petite cuillère quand il s’agit d’accuser la NASA de cachotteries. Il n’en soulève pas moins un véritable problème : quelles sont les vraies couleurs de la planète Mars, sachant que les photos diffusées par l’agence spatiale américaine sont effectivement retouchées.

En août 1976, Paris Match faisait sa Une sur la première photo du paysage martien envoyée par la sonde Viking. © DR

La controverse ne date pas d’hier. Sur Futura Sciences, Olivier de Goursac, responsable de Mars Society France, rappelle qu’une image prise par la sonde Viking en 1976 avait suscité bien des commentaires : les scientifiques ont fourni à la presse une photo retouchée pour compenser les défauts des capteurs de la sonde. Beaucoup trop retouchée : sur le clichés parus dans les journaux et magazines, le ciel apparaît pratiquement bleu… La NASA a voulu rectifier le tir en publiant un second tirage censé présenter les véritables couleurs martiennes, plus conformes à la tradition. Mais le mal était fait : beaucoup de personnes restent convaincues que c’est la première photo qui est authentique.

       "Pourquoi le ciel de Mars serait-il rouge alors que l’atmosphère est beaucoup moins dense ?"

Pour clore le débat, Olivier de Goursac présente « la preuve des vraies couleurs de Mars ! »sous la forme d’un comparatif entre la mire de couleurs avant l’embarquement sur Mars et la même mire visible sur la planète rouge au début de la mission : « le carré bleu vire au violet sur Mars car la caméra n'a pas de réponse spectrale régulière et laisse passer du rouge et de l'infrarouge: bleu + rouge = violet Il faut donc que le carré bleu tire vers le violet pour que les couleurs de Mars soient bonnes ! »

Ce à quoi le conspirationniste aguerri aura beau jeu de rétorquer : « Qu’est-ce qui empêcherait la NASA de truquer après coup les couleurs de la mire ? » 

Car la question fondamentale demeure : pourquoi le ciel de Mars serait-il rouge alors que l’atmosphère est beaucoup moins dense ?

Pour le spécialiste de l’optique et astronome amateur, Serge Bertorello, « le ciel devrait apparaître sur Mars avec des teintes appartenant à une palette de bleus plus ou moins pâles et peut-être avec une teinte rose aux moments du lever et du coucher du Soleil » explique-t-il dans un article très détaillé publié sur son site.

La raison généralement avancée pour expliquer sur la teinte ocre du ciel martien est la présence d'une grande quantité de poussière rouge en suspension dans l’atmosphère. Mais, poursuit Serge Bertorello, « pour que des poussières colorent sensiblement le ciel, il faudrait qu'elles soient constituées avec des grains de grosse taille (au moins une centaine de micromètres). Or l'atmosphère de Mars est si peu dense qu'il est invraisemblable qu'elle transporte des poussières aussi grosses en grande quantité. »

A l’origine, les photos de Mars présentant un ciel bleu étaient accompagnées de la mention « false colors » (fausses couleurs) signifiant que les images n’avaient pas été rectifiées pour mieux correspondre à la réalité martienne. Un peu comme si un magazine prévenait ses lecteurs de ne pas faire confiance à la photo d’une star trop belle pour être honnête et que les seuls clichés dignes de foi sont ceux où des rides et un peu d’embonpoint ont été rajoutés sur Photoshop…

Pourtant, comme le souligne  Serge Bertorello, de nombreuses images envoyées par le prolifique Rover Curiosity depuis 2012, montrent des paysages à l’apparence très terrestre sous un ciel bleu pâle… Sans la mention « false colors ». Alors ? Mars est-elle « bleue comme une orange ? » 

ParisMatch

       Dominante supprimée                               Couleurs originales  

                 Dominante supprimée                            Couleurs originales  

              Dominante supprimée                                Couleurs originales                      Dominante supprimée                            Couleurs originales                      Dominante supprimée                         Couleurs originales

                Dominante supprimée                             Couleurs originales

                     Dominante supprimée                       Couleurs originales

Dominante supprimée                          Couleurs originales

Dominante supprimée                                         Couleurs originales

Dominante supprimée                                        Couleurs originales 

Dominante supprimée                                      Couleurs originales 

 

© N

{ http://www.2012un-nouveau-paradigme.com/ }

31-01-2016 om 22:01 geschreven door peter  

The Stars Within Us: Why Everything in You is Stellar

Paul Sutter is a visiting scholar at The Ohio State University's Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (CCAPP). Sutter is also host of the podcasts "Ask a Spaceman" and "RealSpace," and the YouTube series "Space in Your Face." Sutter contributed this article to Space.com's Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights.

Take a deep breath. 

That air filling up your lungs, that oxygen pulled into your bloodstream, stoking your metabolic fire, making you possible, is old. Older than you, older than the Earth itself. That oxygen once lived in the heart of a star that is now long dead. That calcium in your bones? That iron in your blood? The same.

Billions of years ago, there was no Earth, no sun, nor even a solar system. There was just a relatively featureless cloud of gas and dust, hundreds of light-years across. Pretty much in stable equilibrium, that cloud could persist for hundreds of thousands, or even millions of years. But given just a little nudge — perhaps by a nearby supernova going off, sending its blast wave echoing through the nascent cloud — it quickly fragmented, folding in on itself in a complicated tangle of knots and streams. 

Pockets of gas pinch off and catastrophically collapse, in some cases reaching such incredible densities and pressures that nuclear fusion begins deep in the heart of a young system: This is the birth of a star . 

The shattered remains of the cloud organize themselves into a disk. The disk spawns planets that cannibalize more material as they grow and compete for space around the new sun. In fits and starts and collisions, and in migrations and bursts of intense radiation, the leftover debris is cleared from the system, leaving a family: a star (maybe two), a few rocky planets, gas giants, asteroids and frozen leftovers in the outskirts. 

A solar system is born.

It's elemental

A few new elements breeze into the solar system over the millennia, but by and large, what the solar system was born with is all it has. 

The elemental mixture of that primordial gas cloud determines the fate of the system. Not enough silicon? No rocky planets. Just a hint of oxygen? No liquid water on those planets. A bare handful of carbon? Nothing to use to build little critters to swim around in that water. 

But how did this solar system's particular mixture of elements get in that gas cloud oh so many billions of years ago in the first place? To tell the truth, I already gave the answer: fusion. 

In that newborn sun, and in its heart today, a nuclear fire rages. The crushing weight of the sun's own gravity — layer after endless layer of gas trying to squeeze itself into the center — encourages atomic nuclei to overcome their natural repulsion for each other and fuse, like every bad rom-com you've ever seen.

The fusion process leaves a little bit of energy left over , and the countless fusion reactions are enough to power the sun's radiation for billions of years — and give Earth the warmth and light needed to make life possible. 

The process just needs to start with hydrogen, a simple proton. And there is plenty of that in the earliest moments of the universe. All else follows. Every star in the sky, including Earth's own sun, is a massive, sleepless factory for creating new elements. Hydrogen to helium. Onward to carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. In more massive stars, the chain pushes even further, to include calcium, magnesium, neon and argon. All the way to iron and nickel.

Getting heavy

But there, the party stops. After iron and nickel, fusion doesn't produce energy anymore — it takes it. Fusion still happens, but there's nothing to stop the relentless gravitational collapse, no energy production to re-flate the star and balance the contraction. The infalling material tries to jam onto the core, is stopped by the solid iron ball at the center, and quickly retreats. In other words: boom!

A supernova is one of the most fantastic displays of reckless energy seen across the universe . Billions of stars' worth of energy, wasted in a single flash lasting a few weeks. In that energetic inferno, anything is possible. Want to waste energy fusing some new heavy elements? Who cares — there's plenty to spare! Have some more! It's party time!

It's in that furious explosion that the rest of the periodic table is filled out. What wasn't fused in the heart of a star is birthed in the star's death throes, in complicated dances of nuclei and stray neutrons. 

This isn't just a cute bedtime story — this is science, after all, and it requires some evidence. The theory was sweated out in a landmark paper led by physicist William Fowler, who went on to receive a Nobel Prize for his efforts. 

Today, scientists can identify what elements stars are made of, as each element leaves a distinct thumbprint in the starlight. Physicists can observe the fusion happening in the core of Earth's sun by capturing stray neutrinos, a byproduct of the fusion reaction, in detectors here on Earth. Researchers can examine supernova remnants to identify trace elements drifting through the broken clouds. Scientists can explain why some elements are more abundant in the universe than are others: If a particular chain reaction is more common in stars, then the element produced by that reaction will make its mark on the cosmos.

And human beings can see how they really are made of stars — the ashes of long-dead stars, but stars nonetheless. 

Those points of light in the night sky are connected to people in a deep and meaningful way. Human blood and bones are a part of the natural cycle of formation, birth, life and death of humanity's heavenly cousins. People come from stars and will return to the stars; every star dies, and in some fashion spreads its material back from where it came. And when the light from Earth's sun finally snuffs out, it will carry humanity's ashes back into the darkness, to be reshaped again into new worlds, and possibly new life.

Learn more by listening to the episode "Are We Really Made of Stars?" on the "Ask a Spaceman" podcast, available on iTunes, and on the Web at http://www.askaspaceman.com. Thanks to the City of Lima, Ohio, for the question that led to this piece! Ask your own question on Twitter using #AskASpaceman or by following Paul @PaulMattSutter and facebook.com/PaulMattSutter.

Follow all of the Expert Voices issues and debates — and become part of the discussion — on Facebook, Twitter and Google+. The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. This version of the article was originally published on Space.com .

EDITOR'S RECOMMENDATIONS

• The Stellar Origins of Your Toothpaste
• When Did the Universe Have the Right Stuff for Planets?
• Top 5 Space Questions of 2015…with Answers! (Op-Ed)

-{  http://www.space.com/ }

31-01-2016 om 21:14 geschreven door peter  

Daredevil Paraglider Sails with the Northern Lights in Awesome Video

Horacio Llorens is one of the world's top acro paragliders. He has always wanted to fly during an aurora display, but hadn't managed to time his flight correctly. This month he finally managed it, and you can watch Llorens soar with the aurora in this amazing video released by Red Bull.

It was a difficult photo shoot because the aurora borealis, or northern lights, is most visible in winter. (It is hard to see during the summer at high latitudes because the nights are so short.) And that means cold weather, especially in Norway. The photos were taken near Tromsø, a city of 50,000 that is the northernmost of its size in the world.

Temperatures were about 5 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 15 degrees Celsius) and the weather was damp. On top of that, Llorens had to fly over 28-degree water (2 degrees C). He wore a wet suit to help protect against the possibility of hypothermia.

Snow storms and poor visibility didn't make it easy. To capture these images, Llorens waited on standby for hours in minus-15-degree-C weather, ready for takeoff in very cold, windy and damp conditions. And because he flew above the water, he also wore a wet suit under his flying outfit, in case he had to land on the 2-degree-C water.

"I've found out that flying at night is difficult, especially this far north and during the winter," he said in a statement released by Red Bull. "Tromsø was different from everything I'm used to. It was cold and dark, the wind was strong, and I was surrounded by water. So every decision was important."

To get his images, Llorens had to use the latest video technology, which allowed him to capture the lights themselves. Auroral displays are visible to the eye, but difficult for cameras to pick up; usually, videos of them are time-lapse images. Using newer cameras, Llorens was able to make his videos in real time.

You can Follow Jesse Empsak @Mad_Science_Guy. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook or Google+. Originally published on Space.com.

EDITOR'S RECOMMENDATIONS

• Paragliding Through Aurora Borealis’ Beauty | Video
• Poll: Have You Ever Seen the Northern Lights?
• Aurora Guide: How the Northern Lights Work (Infographic)
• Amazing Auroras: Breathtaking Northern Lights Photos of 2015

31-01-2016 om 21:06 geschreven door peter  

"X-Files" sur la Fox : cette série fait parfois écho aux fantasmes des ultra-conservateur

Par Kevin Alleno
Doctorant en science politique

LE PLUS. 14 ans après la fin de la série, "X-Files" revient sur la Fox. Et le retour de Mulder et Scully était visiblement attendu : le premier épisode a réuni 16 millions de téléspectateurs. Pour Kevin Alleno, doctorant en science politique, la reprise de cette série en pleine la campagne électorale américaine a un sens : "X-Files" lui rappelle les fantasmes de certains conservateurs.

Édité par Anaïs Chabalier 

David Duchovny et Gillian Anderson dans "X-Files" (Fox Broadcasting Co.).

"X-Files", série culte des années 90, revient à la télévision après 14 années d'absence. Ce programme diffusé par la Fox, réputée pour être conservatrice, apparaît politiquement quelque peu orienté.

À bien y regarder, la série semble effectivement correspondre au "style paranoïaque" caractérisant la manière de faire de la politique des ultra-conservateurs.

"Style paranoïaque" et ultra-conservatisme

Avec le complot extra-terrestre placé au cœur de la série transparaît l'idée, chère aux ultra-conservateurs, que l’État est le problème. L'idée du complot, si elle est universelle, a toujours eu un grand succès dans l'histoire des États-Unis, surtout dans les franges extrêmes du conservatisme.

Ainsi, la conjuration visant à anéantir les humains et à les remplacer par des extra-terrestres n'est pas sans rappeler le fantasme de certains mouvements conservateurs concernant une extermination programmée des protestants par les catholiques vers la fin du XIXe et le début du XXe siècle.

Richard Hofstadter, historien du XXe siècle, assimila la droite radicale américaine à un "pseudo conservatisme" s'exprimant essentiellement par "le style paranoïaque". "X-Files", notamment à travers son personnage principal, l'illustre parfaitement. Le trait fondamental du "style paranoïaque" est ainsi de supposer :

"L'existence d'un complot organisé autour d'un vaste réseau international, procédant de façon insidieuse, doté d'une efficacité surnaturelle et visant à perpétrer les actes les plus diaboliques qui soient." [1]

Remplacer "communistes" par "extra-terrestres"

L'efficacité surnaturelle est claire dans la série puisque la cabale est menée par des extra-terrestres bénéficiant de surcroît du concours du gouvernement américain. Hofstadter décrit également dans son ouvrage les postulats de base de l'ultra droite américaine :

"D'abord, l'idée d'une conspiration permanente à l'œuvre depuis plus d'une génération […]. Deuxième affirmation : les hautes sphères de la bureaucratie gouvernementale ont été infiltrées par les communistes […]. Troisième et dernière assertion : un réseau d'agents communistes s'est introduit dans le pays [...], si bien que l'ensemble de l'appareil éducatif et religieux, la presse et les médias de masse s'emploient de concert à étouffer toute forme de résistance de la part des bons et loyaux américains" [2].

Remplacez "communistes" par "extra-terrestres" et vous obtenez l'intrigue de '"X-Files".

Mulder, Washington parano

Toute la série est imprégnée de cette méfiance pour ne pas dire hostilité envers l’État, caractéristique de l'ultra-droite américaine.

Autre élément amplifiant l'appartenance au "style paranoïaque" : l'appréhension de ce complot "en termes apocalyptiques" car "il en va de la naissance et de l'extinction de mondes, d'ordres politiques et de systèmes de valeurs tout entiers", en l'occurrence rien de moins que l'existence de l'humanité.

Et Mulder est ce "membre de l'avant-garde […] capable en tant que tel de percevoir l'existence de la conspiration avant qu'elle ne s'impose comme une totale évidence auprès d'un public encore ignorant". "Le paranoïaque est un leader prêt au combat" nous dit Hofstadter [3].

L'affaire se résume ainsi pour Mulder "à un affrontement entre le bien et le mal appréhendés comme deux absolus", interdisant de ce fait tout compromis. Le méchant de la série correspond aussi parfaitement à ce modèle. L'homme à la cigarette incarnant la conspiration est le "parfait modèle de méchanceté", "sorte de surhomme amoral : maléfique, omniprésent, puissant, cruel [...]" [4].

Un autre détail symptomatique du "style paranoïaque" est "l'importance particulière attachée à la figure du renégat" illustrée dans la série par les informateurs de Mulder [5].

Des clins d'œil qui font relativiser

Enfin, le dernier élément rapprochant le personnage principal du "style paranoïaque" est sa "pédanterie", à savoir le "soin minutieux apporté" à sa démonstration.

"Par leur nature même, ces conclusions invraisemblables exigent une quête héroïque de 'preuves' attestant que l'incroyable est la seule chose à laquelle on puisse croire" [6]. Dit autrement par Mulder : 

"La vérité est ailleurs."

Heureusement, certaines répliques ironiques et de nombreux clins d'œil historiques viennent relativiser cette matrice conservatrice. Ce qui nous évite, au passage, d'imaginer Mulder en électeur potentiel du Tea Party !

[1] Hofstadter Richard, "Le style paranoïaque. Théories du complot et droite radicale en Amérique", Paris, François Bourin éditeur, 2012.

[2] Ibid

[3] Ibid

[4] Ibid

[5] Ibid

[6] Ibid

{ http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/ }

31-01-2016 om 20:55 geschreven door peter  

The truth really IS out there: CIA releases thousands of declassified 'X-files' on aliens, flying saucers and other unexplained phenomena

• The documents coincided with the return of The X-Files after 10 years
• The organization said the top-secret documents would be interesting to both 'believers like Agent Mulder and skeptics like Agent Scully'
• All of the documents are dated from the late 1940s to the 1960s
• Some of the documents do not find an explanation for the UFO sightings
• The CIA has always denied having any proper intelligence about aliens

By DAILYMAIL.COM REPORTER

The CIA has released thousands of declassified documents on flying saucers, aliens and other unexplained phenomena. 

'We've decided to highlight a few documents both skeptics and believers will find interesting,' the agency said on its website.

The post continued: 'Below you will find five documents we think X-Files character Agent Fox Mulder would love to use to try and persuade others of the existence of extraterrestrial activity.'

All of the documents are dated from the late 1940s to the 1960s, but were top-secret until now.

Scroll down for video 

Unexplained happenings: The CIA recently released files from its archives investigating reports of alien and UFO sightings. The organization said the declassified documents will interest both believers and skeptics

Investigations: Some of the documents do not find an explanation for the reported UFO sightings, but also do not have evidence they happened in the first place 

One of the files attached to the post is a document from East Germany in 1952, where agents were called to investigate what witnesses described as a 'huge flying pan'.

The object was said to have a diameter of about 15 meters, according to the document.

Similar flying saucers were also spotted in North Africa and Spain, the report said.  

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'The picture [of the object] shows a diagonal stripe of diminishing width and lighter in shade than the sky over the dark bulk of a building cornice,' it was noted.

Included with some of the documents were three pictures of the alleged extraterrestrials.  

One of the photos - taken by British student Alex Birch in 1962 - claimed to show a group of flying saucers flying over the city of Sheffield in the UK.

Flying saucer: This picture of an unexplained flying object was taken over Passoria, New Jersey in July 1952 

A police officer stands near to his patrol car outside the town of Socorro, New Mexico where a flying saucer was spotted in 1964

Some of the pictures taken at the scene of the incident, for which no explanation has been offered 

However the photo was proven to be a hoax. 

The files also detail a case of flying saucers that were spotted over what was formerly Belgian Congo.

The document reveals that two 'fiery discs' were seen over a uranium mine, and that the discs had 'glided curves and changed position many times'.

It then adds: 'Suddenly, both discs hovered in one spot and then took off in a unique zigzag flight to the north east.

'A penetrating hissing and buzzing sound was audible to onlooker below. The whole performance lasted 10 to 12 minutes.'

Subject - Flying Saucers: This is one of the documents released by the organization investing sightings, dated October 5, 1952

The CIA has released thousand of top secret UFO files from its archives. One of the documents is seen here, showing a sketch of a 'flying saucer' 

An aircraft was then set to investigate the object, and got with meters of the saucer and according to the pilot, the inner core of it remained totally still while the a knob opening could be seen from the outside.

The pilot then gave up his pursuit when the 'disc' appeared to disappear.

Also contained in the files is the case in Socorro, New Mexico in 1964, when police officer Lonnie Zamoraspotted a large flame rise from the ground and pierce the sky above a remote patch of desert.

He went to investigate and found a shiny object the size of a sedan perched on the hilltop, which was oval in shape and aluminium in color.

The object then began to rise into the air and then sped away from him over the mountains and disappeared.

One of the files attached to the post is a document from East Germany in 1952 (pictured in part), where agents were called to investigate what witnesses described as a 'huge flying pan'

One of CIA documents even gave a 10-point list on what to do if someone were to spot a purported UFO, which was posted to Twitter.

'Take several pictures of the object; as many as you can. If you can, include some ground in the picture of the UFO,' the agency advised.

However the CIA seemed to side more with Agent Dana Scully, the character played by Gillian Anderson, who for the entire succession of the cult Sci Fi series denounced her belief in the supernatural.

In releasing the documents, the CIA said they were proving that 'there is a scientific explanation for UFO sightings'.    

The CIA even tweeted a list of what to do in the event of sighting a possible UFO. It tagged The X-Files, Gillian Anderson and David Duchovny in the post

The CIA has always denied having any proper intelligence about aliens.

But it has often organized scientific panels to discuss the nature of these allegedly alien objects.

The scientists typically concluded that 'the subject UFO is not of direct intelligence interest', the website RT reported.

The release of the documents coincide with the long-awaited return of The X-Files on Sunday.

The beloved show was rebooted by the Fox Network after 10 years, with its two original stars reprising their roles. 

Stephen Bassett, executive director of the Paradigm Research Group, who is campaigning for the US government to admit aliens are visiting Earth, told The Mirror that the CIA appears to have used the return of The X-Files to their benefit. 

'It appears the CIA used the revival of the X-Files franchise as a convenient time to remind the public the agency has, in fact, engaged the extraterrestrial presence issue in the past,' Bassett told the newspaper.

'Post-disclosure the CIA will have substantial public relations issues as it has played a significant role in maintaining the truth embargo over six decades.

'These recent postings could have an inoculative effect in service to the agency's future PR strategy.'

They're back: Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) are drawn back into the world of the X-Files in this still from the new season of the show

Agents Scully and Mulder are seen here in a still from season seven of The X-Files, which aired in May 2000

The X-Files releases the first minute of the new season

https://youtu.be/yQWDUYiMw_I

THE X-FILES | Official Trailer | FOX BROADCASTING

https://youtu.be/_1SmJUBT5q0

{ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

31-01-2016 om 18:36 geschreven door peter