Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 10 MONTHS.
ON 06/04/2024 MORE THAN 1.951.050
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
26-03-2015
Ancient rock lines created by enigmatic Paracas culture predate Nazca geoglyphs
Ancient rock lines created by enigmatic Paracas culture predate Nazca geoglyphs
Ancient rock lines created by enigmatic Paracas culture predate Nazca geoglyphs
A new study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has revealed the discovery of a complex set of geoglyphs constructed by the mysterious Paracas people of Peru. The architectural features, which date back 2,300 years, have been found to be aligned to the sunset during the winter solstice, and are believed to have been created to mark ceremonial mounds and residential sites, according to a new report in Live Science.
The Paracas culture was among the earliest settled civilisations of the Chincha Valley, located 200 kilometres south of Lima, one of the largest and most productive regions of southern coastal Peru. The Paracas civilisation arose around 800 BC, predating the Nazca, which came about in around 100 BC. While the Nazca are famous for their incredible geoglyphsetched into the landscape over an incredible 450 square kilometres, the Paracas are well-known for the large collection of skulls, which showed that at least some of their population had significantly elongated skulls, as depicted in the artistic representation above.
The famous Nazca lines, which date from 200 BC to 500 AD. Photo source: Wikimedia
According to Charles Stanish, the director of the Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at the University of California, the newly discovered lines and mounds in the Peruvian landscape date back to around 300 BC, making them even older than the Nazca lines. In total, Stanish and his team found 71 geoglyph lines or segments, 353 rock cairns, rocks forming circles or rectangles, two U-shaped mounds, and one point at which a series of lines converged in a circle of rays.
A view of two rock lines that mark the June solstice. Credit: Charles Stanish
Many of the archaeological features were found to have astronomical alignments. For example, some lines marked the spot where the sun would have set during the June solstice, and the two U-shaped mounds and a larger platform mound also aligned to the solstice. The researchers have suggested that the lines and mounds probably served as a way to mark time during festivals. “I don’t think people needed the signposts, but it was more kind of a ritualized thing,” said Stanish. He added that the lines may have also been used to attract tradespeople and buyers from the coast and the Andes highlands.
Markers placed along one of the Paracas lines the day before the June solstice in 2013. Credit: Charles Stanish
While many of the lines have astronomical alignments, some others point to special places in the landscape, like some of the ancient pyramids in the region. The research team therefore hypothesises that the lines served diverse purposes – some appear to mark time, others may attract participants to attend social events, and yet others point the way to sacred structures.
“The lines are effectively a social technology,” Stanish said. “They’re using it for certain purposes. Some people have said the lines point out sacred mountains. Sure, why not? The lines [might] point out sacred pyramids. Why not? The lines could [also] be used to point out processions,” Stanish said of both the Nazca and Peru lines.
The study authors have said that the study is significant because it shed new light on the enigmatic ancient culture of the Paracas. “Social units, labour, and astronomically significant periods mesh, attracting participants to cyclical events in the midvalley zone. This case study refines our understanding of the processes of human social evolution prior to the development of archaic states.”
Featured image: Artistic representations of the Paracas people. Credit: Marcia K. Moore
Why in the world is the Vatican searching for extraterrestrial life? Does the Catholic hierarchy know something about alien life that the rest of us do not? Why is the largest religious organization on the planet spending so much time and energy looking for “brother extraterrestrial”? Earlier this month, the Vatican Observatory cosponsored a major conference on extraterrestrial life that brought together 200 of the leading astrobiologists in the world. One of the organizers stated that one of the goals of the conference was to figure out “how we can find life among the stars within the next two decades“. Certainly it would not be unusual for a group of astronomers and astrobiologists to get together and discuss such things. But why is the Vatican seemingly obsessed with this stuff? As you will see below, there are some high profile Vatican astronomers that seem quite confident that “something” is out there. In fact, one has stated that once it is revealed, “everything we think we know” may have to “be thrown out”.
Normally, a conference that brings together several hundred scientists is not going to make headline news. What makes this one different is the involvement of the Vatican. The following is how this conference was described on NASA’s website…
Motivated by the rapidly increasing number of known Earth-sized planets, the increasing range of extreme conditions in which life on Earth can persist, and the progress toward a technology that will ultimately enable the search for life on exoplanets, the Vatican Observatory and the Steward Observatory announce a major conference entitled The Search for Life Beyond the Solar System: Exoplanets, Biosignatures & Instruments.
The goal of the conference is to bring together the interdisciplinary community required to address this multi-faceted challenge: experts on exoplanet observations, early and extreme life on Earth, atmospheric biosignatures, and planet-finding telescopes.
In recent years, the Vatican has really taken a position of leadership in the search for extraterrestrial life. The current head of the Vatican Observatory, José Gabriel Funes, does not believe that there is any conflict between his faith and his search for life beyond this world…
José Gabriel Funes, an Argentine Jesuit priest and astronomer, and the current director of the Vatican Observatory says there is no conflict between believing in God and in the possibility of extraterrestrial civilizations perhaps more evolved than humans.
“In my opinion this possibility exists,” said the Reverend José Gabriel Funes, current director of the Vatican Observatory and a scientific adviser to Pope Benedict XVI, referring to life on other planets.
Asked if he was referring to beings similar to humans or even more evolved than humans, he said: “Certainly, in a universe this big you can’t exclude this hypothesis.”
“Just as there is a multiplicity of creatures on earth, there can be other beings, even intelligent, created by God. This is not in contrast with our faith because we can’t put limits on God’s creative freedom. Why can’t we speak of a ‘brother extraterrestrial’? It would still be part of creation.”
Funes, who runs the observatory that is based south of Rome and in Arizona, held out the possibility that the human race might actually be the “lost sheep” of the universe. There could be other beings “who remained in full friendship with their creator,” he said.
Wow.
So Funes is actually suggesting that when we do encounter extraterrestrial beings, they may not have fallen into sin like humanity has.
This is an argument that they continue to make and they’re becoming more and more adamant about it, that what we know about ourselves is that we are fallen, right? But we cannot necessarily assume the same thing about our space brethren, and if they’re unfallen, they’re closer to God than we are. Therefore they have a better understanding of the Gospel and of the Godhead and of the nature of God. And when they started out three years ago, Funes was saying “I’d like to baptize an alien into the Catholic faith.” Well that’s not what they’re saying today. What they’re saying now is that they [aliens] are coming here and they’re going to baptize us into their faith and it is going to require us to make changes to our knowledge, to our understanding, of the Gospel. In fact, some of their deepest theologians have said, “Perhaps everything we think we know about the Gospel is going to have to be thrown out.”
Another prominent Vatican astronomer, Guy Consolmagno, has publicly suggested that aliens could actually be the “saviors of humankind“…
Captivating comments from Jesuit priests like Guy Consolmagno—a leading astronomer who often turns up in media as a spokesman for the Vatican who has worked at NASA and taught at Harvard and MIT and who currently splits his time between the Vatican Observatory and laboratory (Specola Vaticana) headquartered at the summer residence of the Pope in Castel Gandolfo, Italy, and Mt. Graham in Arizona. Over the last few years, he has focused so much of his time and effort in an attempt to reconcile science and religion in public forums specifically as it relates to the subject of extraterrestrial life and its potential impact on the future of faith that we decided to contact him. He agreed to be interviewed from Rome, and over the numerous exchanges that followed he told us some things that seemed beyond the scope. He even sent us a copy of a private pdf, a literal goldmine of what he and the Vatican are considering regarding the ramifications of astrobiology and specifically the discovery of advanced extraterrestrials… in which he admits how contemporary societies will soon “look to The Aliens to be the Saviours of humankind.”
So if aliens showed up and wanted to show us a “new way”, would society be willing to accept it?
So what would happen someday if “aliens” showed up and claimed that they seeded life on this planet, guided our evolution and are now here to lead us into a new golden age?
And what would happen if the Catholic Church gave those aliens their stamp of approval?
That sounds absolutely bizarre, but there are very important Vatican officials that are apparently thinking very hard about these things.
This well made documentary [Contact 2014] makes the case for UFOs being the transport for extraterrestrial beings [who cannot seem to get into contact with humans with all of their amazing technology]. It also believes the Pyramids in Egypt were built by aliens, much the same theory that the TV series Ancient Aliens holds to. It claims that the pyramids send a signal to all inter-galactic traffic (that we are unable to detect by the way) that Earth is owned by humans, and not to interfere. The Pyramids are there to "protect us" according to the film.
The alien craft are lining up according to the placement of those ancient pyramids, which represent the constellation Orion. In other words, the film states, alien craft are simply responding to a message we sent 4,000 years ago. The pyramids are better at broadcasting our intelligence to the universe, because it is big, silent, and more sophisticated than radio waves sent by SETI, [Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence].
The evidence is Unequivocal for extraterrestrials [according to this film].
The film reports on the Pheonix Lights incident, which occurred on Thursday, March 13, 1997 at around 7:30PM to 10:30PM MST. The narrator goes on to state the first "message" sent by the phonex lights was again the constellation Orion, in a series of 3 lights. "Every alien vehicle that appears, the 3 light sequence is the first thing they say".
Actual eye witness reports would disagree with this statement. All manner of light formations and sequences one could think of have been reported.
The advent of the film camera has proven beyond a doubt that something is going on regarding the thousands of reported UFOs. Once dismissed as delusion, or hallucination, they prove that lights are actually within our reality. Today, almost everyone has the highest resolution, and best video recording devices ever produced. This great leap in camera technology is only an after-thought in devices that every has and uses daily, our mobile phones. Everyone know also has enough film, is always in the right place, and always has the right camera, with technology.
High resolution video capture devices have also permeated throughout the population, and are available at a click of a button. From 2009 until today, UFO reports have increased dramatically. Also, cell phones are capturing similar UFO events on opposite sides of the planet.
UFO reports of where there are multiple craft, the craft line up into similar formations all over the world.
The film also claims UFO formations are a language, that as of yet, human cannot understand.
-Editor's Notes
This film does have some very good points, and is worth a watch. We disagree on what these lights are, and what they represent. It is believed they are deceptive. I also do not believe these thing are from space. Our detection satellites could see objects arriving near Earth for days before getting here, yet visibility is either not reported, or simply does not happen. We would detect them even if they are moving at massive speed, due to the incomprehensible size of the galaxy and universe. Their actions seem more like an inter-dimensional object that can appear and disappear in our dimension at will.
Which also brings the question of what is piloting these objects (if anything).
"Aliens" as of yet have not made "contact" in a matter of fact way as this film wants you to believe. There is far more to this subject than reported in the film. You will find this subject matter on this website.
This film has a grandiose view of the UFO issue. The end of the film is amusing as the narrator spends a good 4 minutes telling you he has the answers to everything. Its called "The Knowledge of the Forever Time". Written and Narrated by Damon T. Berry. We are unsure if this is a book, or movie for purchase, as the author does not reveal such.
Agent Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) with Agent Fox Mulder (David Duchovney).
Fox announced yesterday that Mulder and Scully will return for a six episode run of The X-Files beginning this summer. David Duchovny and Gillian Anderson will be back as Mulder and Scully, and will not doubt be caught up in an abundance of high strangeness.
The show’s creator, Chris Carter, told the Associated Press the show should do better than ever because, “the good news is the world has only gotten that much stranger.”
This increased “stangeness” might be due to the success of The X-Files in the first place. It premiered in 1993, a time that many UFO researchers consider an all time lull for public interest in UFOs. With the growth in popularity of The X-Files, and their hunt for the ever allusive aliens, it is not too far fetched to credit The X-Files with helping to re-ignite the public’s interest in UFOs.
UFO researchers, and those who like to watch interviews with UFO researchers, are well – perhaps even painfully – aware that 99% of the time a news broadcast broaches the topic of UFOs they feel compelled to play The X-Files theme music. With all of the UFO documentaries on the air now, Carter is probably right that now is as good a time as any to reintroduce The X-Files.
Gillian Anderson and David Duchovney on the cover of Entertainment Weekly in 2013.
The question some are asking is if there is so much enthusiasm about bringing the show back, then why only produce six episodes?
Merrill Barr, a Forbes contributor that covers the television business, has an idea about that. He notes that Fox recently made a lucrative deal with Amazon for the streaming rights to the hit show 24. He posits that Fox‘s real intention is not to give fans more X-Files, but to reinvigorate the X-Files franchise, putting Fox in a good position to be able to broker another lucrative deal for The X-Files streaming rights.
Either way, the public will be in for more UFOs, alien abductions, and a number of other paranormal related topics. Most articles about the return of the show seem to be expressing a craving for the return to the alien themed story lines. Themes such as what happened to Mulder’s sister who was apparently abducted by aliens, and what happened to the cabal who was tasked with keeping the alien secrets, or what is up with the black oil that turned people into aliens, and the faceless aliens that may or may not be related to the alien bounty hunters, and so on and so on.
These six episodes have a lot to cover, and this summer we will find out if the final (?) chapter of The X-Files story will satisfy the needs of a hungry audience clamoring for more – count me among them.
In the first episode in our series “Classic Moments in UFOlogy” we would like to bring you the legendary debate between Stanton Friedman and Phil Klass that took place in 1987 on ABC’s Nightline with Ted Koppel. UFO believer versus ardent skeptic. Who will be triumphant?
One of the most fascinating – and difficult to analyze – aspects of the UFO phenomenon is the apparent non-randomness of sightings and the effects those sightings have on those who witness them. Often a long chain of events begins for the witness after a sighting, events fraught with various synchronicities, time distortions and lingering, newly discovered PSI abilities like telepathy and psychokinesis.
Beginning with Kenneth Arnold’s 1947 sighting, a UFO encounter was considered to be something akin to being struck by lightning: it was completely involuntary and extremely unlikely to happen to someone a second time. But as the contactee movement of the 1950s began to gather strength, a different understanding began to emerge. Some people claimed to have ongoing relationships with the flying saucer occupants, and the otherworldly interlopers were even willing to pose for a few photos as well.
It is precisely that group within the UFO community that the new release from Timothy Green Beckley’s Global Communications publishing house is concerned with. The book is called “UFO Repeaters: Seeing Is Believing! The Camera Doesn’t Lie!” As the title implies, it is chock full of photos by people who were repeatedly given the opportunity to take aim and shoot UFOs with both still and motion picture cameras.
Many of the photos in “UFO Repeaters” are quite dramatic and will elicit gasps of wonderment even from people already jaded by years of studying the subject. No real attempt is made in the book to debate whether the photos are authentic. The late alien abduction research pioneer, Budd Hopkins, once said that we will always have difficulty in assessing the “truth” of a UFO photo because even one that photo analysis experts could not completely debunk would still look like something conjured by Hollywood through the special effects department. Hopkins also said that all we can really be sure of is ourselves, meaning that we should study the UFO phenomenon by picking it up from the human end of the stick.
Which “UFO Repeaters” also manages to accomplish when it tells the personal stories of several of the contactees themselves who became shutterbugs for the flying saucers. How and why these contactees were “chosen” for their mission of revealing the alien presence through the lens of the camera remains unknown, but some elusive factor unites them all.
In his introduction, publisher and author Beckley grapples with that and similar issues. For example, he writes, “Is it the individual – the UFO Repeater – who is solely responsible for the images on the film or video? Do they possess some sort of tracking device – an implant – that the aliens use as a homing apparatus to keep in touch with their representatives? Are some of the images ‘psychic’ in nature? Are they manifested by the Repeaters themselves? Sort of like a poltergeist event? Or perhaps it’s that the locale is a ‘hotspot’ that draws the UFOs in, and anyone could be standing in this location and capture weird images which are indisputably NOT anything within the realm of the ‘normal.’ Perhaps it is a combination of all of the above.”
STELLA LANSING
The veteran paranormal journalist Tim R. Swartz begins the book by getting down to cases. For example, Stella Lansing of Palmer, Massachusetts, who had the strange ability to “call down” UFOs and photograph them using both still and film cameras. Many of the images were not apparent when Stella took the pictures but instead seemed to spontaneously appear on film. She claimed to have experienced seeing strange little men and creatures, hearing voices speaking out of nowhere, suffering an electric shock administered by a “shimmering figure,” and a craft surfacing from underwater.
It was Beckley himself who gave Stella her first brush with fame when she came to a UFO convention Beckley helped to organize in 1967. She showed Beckley a series of home movies that had captured what he called “eerie, phantom-like phenomena.” One of Stella’s films seemed to show four occupants visible through a window on the spacecraft. Other 8mm films contained clock-like patterns of light that would overlap the frames, something considered to be optically impossible.
Stella talked about her experiences with author Brad Steiger for his book “Gods of Aquarius.”
Deformed faces and clock-like light patterns were among the interdimensional images photographed by Stella Lansing.
“I don’t know if they came from another planet,” Stella said, “or if they live right within our dimension, or if they’re interdimensional – or maybe they’re living somewhere on Earth that we haven’t discovered yet. But whatever it is I do, it’s as if I’m programmed in some way to sense the need to take pictures of UFOs. I feel a sudden compulsion to pick up my camera, a sudden urgency to really grab that camera. I sense that maybe I am being ‘told,’ but I don’t even know – I’m not consciously aware. When I snap the shutter, that’s when I get my pictures of UFOs or entities. Something is making me do it without my being aware of it. I’m only aware of it after it’s happened.”
Stella continued to see and photograph UFOs as well as to keep detailed notes even after interest in her work had long since faded. She was always willing to talk about her experiences, but, right up to her death in 2012, she remained mystified by her own strange abilities. Nevertheless, the media always enjoyed telling her story, such as the ever popular TV series “UnsolvedMysteries.” She lives on in this clip available on YouTube by following this link: https://www.youtube.com/edit?video_id=5WF1LDn8pz8&video_referrer=watch
DOROTHY IZATT
Swartz also writes about a Canadian woman named Dorothy Izatt who photographed an amazing array of UFOs. What is so incredible about Dorothy’s films are the “one-frame” images that pop up unexpectedly, showing streaks of light and other luminous objects.
“It all started when she saw a bright object hovering in the sky above her house,” Swartz writes. “Dorothy went out onto her balcony with a flashlight and tried signaling the UFO, which, to her amazement, signaled back. When she told her friends about her experience, no one believed her. So she went out and bought a Keystone XL 200 Super-8 movie camera and started filming. The results were more than 600 reels of film that skeptics, right from the very beginning, have said were faked. But, if she is faking them, photo experts have yet to figure out how.”
Canada's Dorothy Izatt has photographed an amazing array of UFOs.
Dorothy’s films have been seen widely on television shows like “Unsolved Mysteries” and “Sightings.” She calls the UFO occupants “light beings,” not aliens, because “we are aliens, too.”
Dorothy said that, from the very beginning, she could tell when a UFO was near and that she would be compelled to get her camera and film them. She later learned that she was being directed by telepathic communications from the extraterrestrials.
“You talk mind-to-mind,” she explained. “They can pick up your thoughts, and I have the ability to pick up theirs, too. There are all different types of beings. Some are like us. You wouldn’t be able to tell the difference if they walked among us. Some are different, but down here on this Earth we are all different, too.”
Oddly, some people can see the aliens when she points them out, but others can’t. She feels her own ability to see them is the result of a special sense she possesses. When she wants to make contact, all she has to do is concentrate and they appear. Dorothy says she was born with this “sense” and that she shares it with other members of her family.
“Even though many UFO researchers try to ignore the psychic component of UFOs,” Swartz writes, “the rejection of this key element will only contribute to the continuing confusion that surrounds the phenomenon. Since the 1940s, UFOs have become synonymous with spaceships and extraterrestrials. However, this interpretation is far too simplistic and probably reflects modern social belief structures more than science fact.”
BETTY HILL
The UFO abduction of Betty and Barney Hill has been well-documented in books such as the “Interrupted Journey,” by journalist John Fuller, and “Captured! The Betty and Barney Hill UFO Experience,” coauthored by Kathleen Marden (Betty’s niece) and longtime UFO researcher Stanton Friedman.
In 1961, the Hills underwent what would become a template for alien abduction that has been repeated for other people countless times in the years since. The couple was taken from their car as they drove from Canada to their home in New Hampshire, brought onboard a landed UFO, medically examined, and then returned to their car with no conscious memory of the strange events that had just taken place. The Hills would not recover their memories until a few years later when a Boston psychiatrist led them through the process of regressive hypnosis. The use of hypnosis to unearth the buried memories of an encounter would become another commonplace aspect of the aftermath of the alien abduction experience.
Although the Hill case is a familiar one to most in the UFO community, what is not so widely-known is that, after the 1961 encounter, Betty and her side of the family experienced not only additional UFO sightings but also unusual harassments in the form of house break-ins, weird telephone calls and paranormal activity. A scientific research team convinced Betty to take part in an experiment to see whether she could reestablish contact with her captors. The goal was to vector in a craft to land in the vicinity of Betty’s home. Betty attempted to reach out to the UFO occupants via verbal and telepathic messages. The UFOs did indeed begin to appear shortly thereafter, followed by a spate of paranormal activity that included household items flying off of shelves, doors opening and closing on their own, and light orbs darting through the air.
Betty wrote that, “These things are happening to Barney and me as well as to most of my relatives, but they have also been witnessed by other people who were present. We do not believe in ghosts but we do believe in space travel and life on other planets. So we wonder if these space travelers might have the ability to be ‘unseen’ to us.”
Many of her admirers do not realize that Betty had a “favorite spot” that she visited frequently in order to try and communicate with and “bring down” those beings that had taken her and Barney away so many years previously. Her efforts resulted in a number of odd photographs that she added to her personal collection of memorabilia but which had skeptics wagging their tongues in annoyed disbelief.
HOWARD MENGER
Howard Menger’s story is the kind you hope is true simply for the reassurance it offers about the nature of the UFO occupants. Howard encountered the kind of beautiful, loving creatures that seem to come right out of a children’s storybook about good spirits taking a young boy on a fantastic adventure in a kind of colorful “wonderland.”
Howard Menger said space beings were emerging from UFOs that landed out back in his apple orchard.
Howard was born in 1922 in Brooklyn, New York. When Howard was ten, his parents moved the family to a spacious, rustic homestead in rural New Jersey. Howard and his brother would explore the nearby pastures and hills, where the paranormal activity soon commenced. On several occasions, the youths maintained, they were cornered by weird objects resembling Buck Rogers-like spacecraft that appeared over the tree line and sent the boys scampering away in fear. At one point, a ten-foot diameter disc landed close to Howard and his brother while another larger object hovered overhead, as if to gauge the boys’ reaction to the landed craft.
Little by little, Howard, being more “sensitive” than his brother, started to venture out into the pastures and meadowlands on his own. He easily made friends with the fauna there, like squirrels and rabbits, and was particularly attracted to specific spot near a slow-running stream that ran in the back of the family home. On a bright, sunny day in 1932, he saw something there that would change his life forever.
“There, sitting on a rock by the brook,” Howard said, “was the most exquisite woman my young eyes had ever beheld! The warm sunlight caught the highlights of her long, golden hair as it cascaded around her face and shoulders. The curves of her lovely body were delicately contoured, revealed through the translucent material of her clothing, which reminded me of the habit that skiers wear.”
Part II of this article continues tomorrow Thursday, March 26, 2015!
SUGGESTED READING
UFO REPEATERS! – SEEING IS BELIEVING – THE CAMERA DOESN'T LIE
Wetenschappers wisten al dat de aarde zeer veel diepgang heeft, maar dat wordt nu opnieuw bevestigd met de ontdekking van een nieuwe laag. Het ligt diep verborgen in de aarde en kan verschillende geologische mysteries helpen verlaren. Dat meldt de wetenschappelijke nieuwssite Scientias.nl.
"De aarde heeft zeer veel lagen, net zoals een ui," legt onderzoeker Lowell Miyagi uit op de Scientias.nl. "De meeste lagen worden gedefinieerd door de mineralen die erin te vinden zijn. In feite hebben wij een nieuwe laag in de aarde ontdekt. Deze laag wordt niet gedefinieerd door de aanwezige mineralen, maar door de kracht van deze mineralen." De gesteenten in die nieuwe laag zijn zeer stroperig.
De onderzoekers hebben de laag in het laboratorium ontdekt. Ze ontdekten dat de kracht van het mineraal steeds groter werd wanneer ze net zoveel druk uitoefenden als men in de aardmantel op zo'n 660 kilometer diep ervaart. Het mineraal gedraagt zich ook anders onder die toenemende druk. Daarom zal de stroperigheid van gesteenten op een diepte van zo'n 1496 kilometer 300 keer groter zijn dan op 660 kilometer diepte.
De ontdekking van de nieuwe laag is voor wetenschappers belangrijk. Het geeft hen meer inzicht in mysterieuze geologische verschijnselen. Zo is uit vorige onderzoeken al gebleken dat zinkende tektonische platen soms op een bepaalde diepte stoppen met zinken. Dat is nu ook te verklaren door de aanwezigheid van die nieuwe aardlaag.
Het onderzoek laat wetenschappers ook de temperatuur van het hart van de aarde in twijfel trekken. Vermoedelijk is het hart van de aarde veel warmer dan we tot nu toe denken.
De onderzoeksrobot Opportunity heeft een marathon afgelegd op Mars. Het karretje deed er elf jaar en twee maanden over om de afstand van 42,195 kilometer af te leggen. Dat deelde de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA vandaag mee.
Opportunity vervolledigde zijn marathon door gisteren 47 meter af te leggen op Mars. "Het is de eerste keer dat een door mensen gemaakt voertuig een marathonafstand afgelegd heeft op een andere planeet", zei NASA-projectmanager John Callas.
"De Opportunity-missie gaat natuurlijk niet om afstandsrecords, maar om wetenschappelijke ontdekkingen", zegt zijn collega Steve Squyres. "Toch voelt een marathon op mars goed aan." Om de mijlpaal te vieren is het Opportunity-team van NASA van plan om ook een marathon te lopen, weliswaar als estafetteploeg.
Opportunity landde in januari 2004 op Mars, maar heeft sindsdien in totaal maar drie maanden effectief rondgereden.
De beste waarnemingen tot nu toe van de stofrijke gaswolk G2 bevestigen dat dit zijn kleinste afstand tot het superzware zwarte gat in het centrum van de Melkweg in mei 2014 is gepasseerd, en dat het die gebeurtenis heeft overleefd, zo heeft de Europese Zuidelijke Sterrenwacht ESO op gezag van waarnemeningen met de gigantische VLT-telescoop in Chili.
In het hart van ons Melkwegstelsel bevindt zich een superzwaar zwart gat dat vier miljoen keer zoveel massa heeft als onze Zon. Er draait een groepje heldere sterren omheen, en daarnaast was de afgelopen jaren te zien hoe een mysterieuze stofrijke wolk, G2 genoemd, naar het zwarte gat toe viel. Voorspeld was dat die wolk in mei 2014 zijn kleinste afstand tot het zwarte gat zou bereiken.
Naar verwachting zou de wolk door de sterke getijdenkrachten in dit gebied uit elkaar worden getrokken. Een deel van de materie zou door het zwarte gat worden opgeslokt en een uitbarsting van straling veroorzaken.
Om deze unieke gebeurtenis te onderzoeken, hielden tal van onderzoeksteams het galactisch centrum de afgelopen jaren nauwkeurig in de gaten met grote telescopen.
Een team onder leiding van Andreas Eckart (Universität zu Köln, Duitsland) heeft het gebied jarenlang waargenomen met de VLT, ook in de cruciale periode van februari tot september 2014, kort voor en na de dichtste nadering in mei 2014. De opnamen van het infraroodlicht dat door het gloeiende waterstofgas wordt uitgezonden, laten zien dat de wolk zowel voor als na zijn scheervlucht langs het zwarte gat compact was. De wolk is niet significant uitgesmeerd, is niet waarneembaar langer geworden en vertoont ook geen grotere snelheidsspreiding.
Het feit dat de stofrijke wolk bestand is tegen de extreme gravitationele getijdenkrachten in de directe omgeving van het zwarte gat, wijst er sterk op dat ze een compact object met een zware kern omhult, en geen los rondzwervende gaswolk is. Dit wordt ook bevestigd door het uitblijven (tot nu toe) van aanwijzingen dat het centrale monster met extra materie wordt gevoed: dat zou een verhoogde activiteit veroorzaken, aldus nog de ESO.
Een asteroïde met een diameter van een kilometer zal volgens NASA vrijdag relatief dicht langs de Aarde passeren. Het object met de naam '2014-YB35' beweegt zich aan 37.000 kilometer per uur door de ruimte. Hoewel het niet ongebruikelijk is dat kleine meteorieten langs de Aarde scheren, vormt de omvang van deze asteroïde een bedreiging. Een impact met de Aarde zou aardbevingen en tsunami's veroorzaken.
De asteroïde zal volgens berekeningen van het Near Earth Object programma van NASA op 4,5 miljoen kilometer van de Aarde passeren, een peulschil in astronomische verhoudingen. De asteroïde werd eind vorig jaar voor het eerst gespot en astronomen houden het deze week scherp in de gaten.
"Realistisch risico" Experts waarschuwen dat het slechts een kwestie van tijd is vooraleer een asteroïde op de Aarde neerstort. Astronomieprofessor Bill Napier van de universiteit van Buckinghamshire verklaarde tegenover Express dat er "een zeer realistisch risico" is dat een komeet of asteroïde op Aarde neerstort. "In het geval van 2014-YB35 zou dat het voortbestaan van onze planeet bedreigen. Maar het zijn de kleinere en toch zeer schadelijke kometen en asteroïden waarover we ons zorgen moeten maken".
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Interesting UFO activity over Melbourne, Australia – March 2015
Interesting UFO activity over Melbourne, Australia – March 2015
Here’s one interesting compilation of the recemt UFO sightings caught on tape by Youtube user UFO ‘Lou’s Channel. All of these were filmed over Melbourne, Australia with night vision camera.
UK Ministry of Defence Helicopter Chases UFOs Above English Town
UK Ministry of Defence Helicopter Chases UFOs Above English Town
A family witnessed four UFOs during a barbecue activity outdoor. Interestingly, a Ministry of Defence helicopter also became part of the scene when it appeared to chase these mysterious aerial objects in the skies above the English town of Bolton.
Andrea Finney, who was with her husband Nigel and their son, first noticed the UFOs in the sky. She alerted her family about them and asked her husband to grab a camera. Nigel managed to snap a few photos of the unusual aerial activity. But only one photo made available online.
Furthermore, only one UFO in a distance seems to appear in the picture. Nigel explained that the camera he was using doesn’t have a good zoom feature, but no explanation as to why only one UFO was captured in the photograph.
The witnesses assert that after the UFOs had zoomed off, they noticed an MOD helicopter pursuing these strange aerial things.
Nigel said that they could not explain the aerial activity. He ruled out hot air balloons, Chinese lanterns and any known aircraft.
Andrea added that they were the strangest aerial objects she had seen in her entire life. She was just gobsmacked.
It’s not clear on what day and time the sighting happened, but it definitely startled the witnesses.
Grounbreaking Research: Scientist Terminated for Proving Dinosaurs and Humans Walked the Earth Together
Grounbreaking Research: Scientist Terminated for Proving Dinosaurs and Humans Walked the Earth Together
Traditional history suggests that dinosaurs and humans never crossed paths because their existence on earth was separated by tens of millions of years.
But a new discovery by scientist Mark Armitage of the California State University may well turn the history of human civilization upside down.
Armitage was recently on a dig in Montana when he came across the largest triceratops horn ever unearthed. Upon further examination of the unique specimen with a high-powered microscope Armitage discovered something that no scientist had ever seen on a dinosaur sample before – soft tissue.
When he published his findings his colleagues were stunned, because the existence of soft tissue, which should degrade and disappear over millions of years, suggests that dinosaurs didn’t go extinct 60 million years ago, but rather, were alive and well in North America just several thousand years ago.
One would think that such a notable discovery would lead to more research into the possibility that humans and dinosaurs may have co-existed at one point in time. But that’s far from what happened.
Armitrage’s funding was pulled, his research was silenced and his job at CSU was terminated.
Apparently, the researcher’s findings were so significant that the board of trustees at the university feared it would too closely mesh science with religion.
One university official even made it a point to let Armitrage know why he was let go. “We are not going to tolerate your religion in this department,” he was quoted as saying.
The official’s statement stems from the notion that the history of the Christian Bible is roughly 6,000 to 10,000 years old, a point that some scientists often use to laugh off any possibility that there is truth to it. Scientists argue that since the bones of dinosaurs are over 60 million years old, the Bible couldn’t possibly hold a shred of truth because the creation story told in the first book of Genesis is, at most, just ten thousand years.
But the new discovery may shed light on the mysterious creatures mentioned in the Bible’s Old Testament. The earlier books of the bible may not have mentioned Triceratops or other dinosaurs by name, but they do make reference to tanniyn and behemoth,interpreted by some scholars as a large serpent, reptile, dragon, or even sea-monster.
These creatures did, indeed, cross paths with humans accordingly to the historical record detailed in the Christian Bible.
Behold, Behemoth, which I made as I made you; he eats grass like an ox. Behold, his strength in his loins, and his power in the muscles of his belly. He makes his tail stiff like a cedar; the sinews of his thighs are knit together. His bones are tubes of bronze, his limbs like bars of iron.
Job 40:15-18
Yet, up until now, no hard scientific research confirmed that such large animals with reptile-like skin existed.
Armitrage’s discovery of soft tissue adds physical evidence to biblical record. And apparently, that threatened an upheaval in the scientific community, subsequently leading to Armitrage’s termination.
A press release from the Pacific Justice Institute argues that Armitrage was terminated on the basis of religion for sharing a controversial theory and providing evidence for such:
“Terminating an employee because of their religious views is completely inappropriate and illegal,” commented Brad Dacus, President of PJI. “But doing so in an attempt to silence scientific speech at a public university is even more alarming. This should be a wakeup call and warning to the entire world of academia,” he continued.
While at a dig at Hell Creek formation in Montana, the scientist, Mark Armitage, came upon the largest triceratops horn ever unearthed at the site. When examining the horn under a high-powered microscope back at CSUN, Armitage was fascinated to see the soft tissue. The discovery stunned members of the scientific community because it indicates that dinosaurs roamed the earth only thousands of years in the past rather than going extinct 60 million years ago.
According to court documents, shortly after the original soft tissue discovery, a university official challenged the motives of Armitage, by shouting at him, “We are not going to tolerate your religion in this department!”
Armitage, a published scientist of over 30 years, was subsequently let go after CSUN abruptly claimed his appointment at the university of 38 months had been temporary, and claimed a lack of funding for his position. This was news to him, and contradicted prior statements and documents from the university.
Michael Peffer, staff attorney with PJI’s southern California office said, “It has become apparent that ‘diversity’ and ‘intellectual curiosity,’ so often touted as hallmarks of a university education, do not apply to those with a religious point of view. This suit was filed, in part, to vindicate those ideals.”
Scientists often claim that no evidence or data prove the stories in the bible ever actually happened. Now, a veteran researcher with over three decades of experience has confirmed that dinosaurs were likely alive during the age of humans. Yet, because it doesn’t follow the traditional narrative and threatens scores of other theories, the physical evidence is shunned, thrown aside, and dismissed as religious extremism.
Apparently, a scientist can no longer be a scientists if he subscribes to the stories shared in the bible or if he believes in God.
UFO sighting: Family 'gobsmacked' as four mysterious objects zoomed across sky during BBQ - chased by 'MOD helicopter'
UFO sighting: Family 'gobsmacked' as four mysterious objects zoomed across sky during BBQ - chased by 'MOD helicopter'
Pursuit: The family claim they saw a helicopter chasing the UFOs
A family claim their barbecue was interrupted by four UFOs 'zooming across the sky' - quickly followed by a Ministry of Defence helicopter.
Andrea Finney, from Bolton, Lancashire, was enjoying a pleasant outdoor family meal with her husband Nigel and their son when the mysterious event left them spooked.
The 48-year-old, who works in property management, told Mirror Online: "There were four of them, and they zoomed across the sky.
Mystery: The family could not explain what they had just seen
"You just had to be there to see it, it was the strangest thing I have ever seen in my life.
"They zoomed off after we spotted them, and the craziest thing was that they were then followed by a Ministry of Defence helicopter.
"I was just gobsmacked."
Spotted: The family were having a barbecue when they spotted the UFOs
Upon seeing the UFOs, she alerted her husband Nigel to get a camera.
The 50-year-old delivery driver said: "I took photos as quick as I could.
"We just could not explain it. They were not hot air baloons. They were not Chinese laterns. They were just something else.
Nigel Finney
Spooky: Andrea Finney and her husband Nigel witnessed 4 UFO's in total
"Our camera does not have a good zoom on it or anything - it is just a normal camera, so we took what we could but afterwards we just could not explain it.
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Ancient Underground Labyrinth Discovered In Egypt: ‘Contains 3000 Rooms With Hieroglyphs’
Ancient Underground Labyrinth Discovered In Egypt: ‘Contains 3000 Rooms With Hieroglyphs’
March 25, 2015 - In 2008, a team of researches headed for Hawara, Egypt (55 miles south of Cairo), to investigate a lost subterranean labyrinth, described by many classic authors like Herodotus and Strabo.
The legendary temple was said to contain 3000 rooms full of hieroglyphs and paintings.
The Belgian-Egyptian expedition team brought the highest level of ground penetrating technology to scan the sand of Hawara and solve the enigma.
The Mataha expedition (Mataha = labyrinth in Arabic) confirmed the presence of the underground temple just south of the pyramid of Amenemhat III.
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A Farmer Drilled For Water, But What CAME UP Astounded The World
A Farmer Drilled For Water, But What CAME UP Astounded The World
March 25, 2015 - It looks like something from a different planet. Or something out of a sci-fi movie.
But this masterpiece is for real.
The phenomenon is called “Fly Geyser” and is formed by an accident when a ranch owner drilled for water in the Nevada desert.
It began in the early twentieth-century when the ranch owner drilled a well to raise the quality of the agriculture. But when they had drilled the whole way down to the water they stopped because the water temperature was 200 degrees. In 1964 there was a second attempt. It also failed because the water was too hot.
After the second failure they didn’t cover the well properly… The result? Jaw-dropping.
The high water pressure flushes up minerals and gas. That evolves into an awesome pile that’s just keep on growing. I think they may to have to re-think how fast stalagtites and stalagmites form in caves, because this is fast growth!
The water ponds have formed its own ecosystem below the geyser. Here you have small fishes and several kinds of birds.
Mexican Government Releases Proof of Aliens and Ancient Space Travel
Mexican Government Releases Proof of Aliens and Ancient Space Travel
In what will soon be considered as the Holy Grail of extraterrestrial research, the Mexican government has released ancient documents proving the existence of E.T.’s once and for all.
Newly released Mayan documents, i.e. artifacts, dating back at least 1300-years reveal that the human race is not alone and highly advanced technologies including space travel have likely existed for quite some time.
Not only does this documentation released by the Mexican government show the existence of an explorer race, it may also reveal the roots of mankind.
Some consider the government’s presentation of the information to be a major step forward for humanity as the truth is finally being slowly let out. Hopefully this will prompt other governments around the world to be more forthcoming with such information, turning the tide in the UFO and extraterrestrial research community for good.
Sundance winner Juan Carlos Rulfo’s Revelations of the Mayans 2012 and Beyondalso touches on such technology. “Producer Raul Julia-Levy said the documentary-makers were working in cooperation with the Mexican government for what he said was “the good of mankind”. He said the order to collaborate had come directly from the country’s president, Álvaro Colom Caballeros.
“Mexico will release codices, artefacts and significant documents with evidence of Mayan and extraterrestrial contact, and all of their information will be corroborated by archaeologists,” he said. “The Mexican government is not making this statement on their own – everything we say, we’re going to back it up.”
Caballeros himself was conspicuous by his absence from the statement released by Julia-Levy. So far, the minister of tourism for the Mexican state of Campeche, Luis Augusto García Rosado, appears to be the highest-ranking government official to go on record confirming the discovery of extraterrestrial life, but he’s not holding back.
In a statement, Rosado spoke of contact “between the Mayans and extraterrestrials, supported by translations of certain codices, which the government has kept secure in underground vaults for some time”. In a telephone conversation with the Wrap, he also spoke of “landing pads in the jungle that are 3,000 years old”.[2]
These secrets have been said to be “protected” by the mexican government for as long as 80-years.
Sources:
[1] The Mexican government reveals Mayan documents proving extraterrestrial contacts -Arcturius.org
[2] Mayan documentary to show ‘evidence’ of alien contact in ancient Mexico – TheGuardian.com
[3] Aliens and UFOs Depicted In Mayan Artifacts Released By Mexican Government -ConciusLifeNews.com
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Scientists at Large Hadron Collider hope to make contact with PARALLEL UNIVERSE in days
Scientists at Large Hadron Collider hope to make contact with PARALLEL UNIVERSE in days
The staggeringly complex LHC ‘atom smasher’ at the CERN centre in Geneva, Switzerland, will be fired up to its highest energy levels ever in a bid to detect – or even create – miniature black holes.
If successful a completely new universe will be revealed – rewriting not only the physics books but the philosophy books too.
It is even possible that gravity from our own universe may ‘leak’ into this parallel universe, scientists at the LHC say.
Collision course: Large Hadron Collider could discover parallel universe
The experiment is sure to inflame alarmist critics of the LHC, many of whom initially warned the high energy particle collider would spell the end of our universe with the creation a black hole of its own.
But so far Geneva remains intact and comfortably outside the event horizon.
Indeed the LHC has been spectacularly successful. First scientists proved the existence of the elusive Higgs boson ‘God particle’ – a key building block of the universe – and it is seemingly well on the way to nailing ‘dark matter’ – a previously undetectable theoretical possibility that is now thought to make up the majority of matter in the universe.
But next week’s experiment is considered to be a game changer.
Mir Faizal, one of the three-strong team of physicists behind the experiment, said: “Just as many parallel sheets of paper, which are two dimensional objects [breadth and length] can exist in a third dimension [height], parallel universes can also exist in higher dimensions.
“We predict that gravity can leak into extra dimensions, and if it does, then miniature black holes can be produced at the LHC.
“Normally, when people think of the multiverse, they think of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, where every possibility is actualised.
“This cannot be tested and so it is philosophy and not science.
“This is not what we mean by parallel universes. What we mean is real universes in extra dimensions.
“As gravity can flow out of our universe into the extra dimensions, such a model can be tested by the detection of mini black holes at the LHC.
“We have calculated the energy at which we expect to detect these mini black holes in ‘gravity’s rainbow’ [a new scientific theory].
“If we do detect mini black holes at this energy, then we will know that both gravity’s rainbow and extra dimensions are correct.”
When the LHC is fired up the energy is measured in Tera electron volts – a TeV is 1,000,000,000,000, or one trillion, electron Volts
So far, the LHC has searched for mini black holes at energy levels below 5.3 TeV.
But the latest study says this is too low.
Instead, the model predicts that black holes may form at energy levels of at least 9.5 TeV in six dimensions and 11.9 TeV in 10 dimensions.
The biggest real UFO mothership to ever have been recorded, documented, and confirmed on radar deals with the Japan Air Lines Flight 1628 incident.
Imagine flying an airplane and then suddenly seeing a massive UFO mothership twice the size of an aircraft carrier appearing out of nowhere…right in front of you.
Japan Air Lines Flight 1628 was a 747 cargo flight, enroute from Paris to Tokyo with a shipment of fine wine. Shortly after the aircraft entered Alaskan airspace, two unidentified flying objects suddenly rose up from below, and closed in to escort the jumbo jet. They were cylindrical with an array of nozzle like thrusters that glowed red so hotly the three Japanese flight crew members could feel the heat in the cockpit.
After a few minutes, the twin UFOs suddenly veered into a stacked formation just 500 feet in front of the 747. Their movement was so unnatural, the Captain reported “The thing was flying as if there was no such thing as gravity. It sped up, then stopped, then flew at our speed, in our direction, so that to us it appeared to be standing still. The next instant it changed course. ... In other words, the flying object had overcome gravity.”
The UFO's changed their formation to side by side, slowly bobbing in front of the jet at the exact same speed, as though hovering. Suddenly a massive UFO mother ship twice the size of an aircraft carrier rose out of the darkness and joined the formation, and the two smaller UFO's zipped away towards it. The jet made an evasive manuver but the mothership remained locked in position on the port side throughout a sharp 360 degree turn.
Anchorage Air Force Base detected the mothership anomaly on radar and dispatched a Hercules C130 air transporter to investigate, but the UFOs disappeared before it arrived. Officials dismissed the incident as stars reflected in ice crystals combined with radar echoes, and the highly experienced JAL captain was grounded to a desk job.
The Air Force base felt strongly enough about their radar signals that they dispatched a plane to investigate….but then after the fact took all credibility away from this highly experienced pilot. It’s as if he had seen something he wasn’t supposed to see.
26-03-2015 om 00:31
geschreven door peter
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Did Our Early Solar System Harbor Super-Earths? -- "Earth Belongs to a 2nd Generation of Planets"
Did Our Early Solar System Harbor Super-Earths? -- "Earth Belongs to a 2nd Generation of Planets"
Long before Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars formed, it seems that the inner solar system may have harbored a number of super-Earths--planets larger than Earth but smaller than Neptune. If so, those planets are long gone--broken up and fallen into the sun billions of years ago largely due to a great inward-and-then-outward journey that Jupiter made early in the solar system's history.
This scenario has been suggested by Konstantin Batygin, a Caltech planetary scientist, and Gregory Laughlin of UC Santa Cruz in a paper that appears the week of March 23 in the online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The results of their calculations and simulations suggest the possibility of a new picture of the early solar system that would help to answer a number of outstanding questions about the current makeup of the solar system and of Earth itself. For example, the new work addresses why the terrestrial planets in our solar system have such relatively low masses compared to the planets orbiting other sun-like stars.
"Our work suggests that Jupiter's inward-outward migration could have destroyed a first generation of planets and set the stage for the formation of the mass-depleted terrestrial planets that our solar system has today," says Batygin, an assistant professor of planetary science. "All of this fits beautifully with other recent developments in understanding how the solar system evolved, while filling in some gaps."
The image below from a new simulation by Caltech and UC Santa Cruz researchers depicts a time early in the solar system's history when Jupiter likely made a grand inward migration (here, Jupiter's orbit is represented by the thick white circle at about 2.5 AU). As it moved inward, Jupiter picked up primitive planetary building blocks, or planetesimals, and drove them into eccentric orbits (turquoise) that overlapped the unperturbed part of the planetary disk (yellow), setting off a cascade of collisions that would have ushered any interior planets into the sun.
Thanks to recent surveys of exoplanets--planets in solar systems other than our own--we know that about half of sun-like stars in our galactic neighborhood have orbiting planets. Yet those systems look nothing like our own. In our solar system, very little lies within Mercury's orbit; there is only a little debris--probably near-Earth asteroids that moved further inward--but certainly no planets. That is in sharp contrast with what astronomers see in most planetary systems. These systems typically have one or more planets that are substantially more massive than Earth orbiting closer to their suns than Mercury does, but very few objects at distances beyond.
"Indeed, it appears that the solar system today is not the common representative of the galactic planetary census. Instead we are something of an outlier," says Batygin. "But there is no reason to think that the dominant mode of planet formation throughout the galaxy should not have occurred here. It is more likely that subsequent changes have altered its original makeup."
According to Batygin and Laughlin, Jupiter is critical to understanding how the solar system came to be the way it is today. Their model incorporates something known as the Grand Tack scenario, which was first posed in 2001 by a group at Queen Mary University of London and subsequently revisited in 2011 by a team at the Nice Observatory. That scenario says that during the first few million years of the solar system's lifetime, when planetary bodies were still embedded in a disk of gas and dust around a relatively young sun, Jupiter became so massive and gravitationally influential that it was able to clear a gap in the disk. And as the sun pulled the disk's gas in toward itself, Jupiter also began drifting inward, as though carried on a giant conveyor belt.
"Jupiter would have continued on that belt, eventually being dumped onto the sun if not for Saturn," explains Batygin. Saturn formed after Jupiter but got pulled toward the sun at a faster rate, allowing it to catch up. Once the two massive planets got close enough, they locked into a special kind of relationship called an orbital resonance, where their orbital periods were rational--that is, expressible as a ratio of whole numbers. In a 2:1 orbital resonance, for example, Saturn would complete two orbits around the sun in the same amount of time that it took Jupiter to make a single orbit. In such a relationship, the two bodies would begin to exert a gravitational influence on one another.
"That resonance allowed the two planets to open up a mutual gap in the disk, and they started playing this game where they traded angular momentum and energy with one another, almost to a beat," says Batygin. Eventually, that back and forth would have caused all of the gas between the two worlds to be pushed out, a situation that would have reversed the planets' migration direction and sent them back outward in the solar system. (Hence, the "tack" part of the Grand Tack scenario: the planets migrate inward and then change course dramatically, something like a boat tacking around a buoy.)
In an earlier model developed by Bradley Hansen at UCLA, the terrestrial planets conveniently end up in their current orbits with their current masses under a particular set of circumstances--one in which all of the inner solar system's planetary building blocks, or planetesimals, happen to populate a narrow ring stretching from 0.7 to 1 astronomical unit (1 astronomical unit is the average distance from the sun to Earth), 10 million years after the sun's formation. According to the Grand Tack scenario, the outer edge of that ring would have been delineated by Jupiter as it moved toward the sun on its conveyor belt and cleared a gap in the disk all the way to Earth's current orbit.
But what about the inner edge? Why should the planetesimals be limited to the ring on the inside? "That point had not been addressed," says Batygin.
He says the answer could lie in primordial super-Earths. The empty hole of the inner solar system corresponds almost exactly to the orbital neighborhood where super-Earths are typically found around other stars. It is therefore reasonable to speculate that this region was cleared out in the primordial solar system by a group of first-generation planets that did not survive.
Batygin and Laughlin's calculations and simulations show that as Jupiter moved inward, it pulled all the planetesimals it encountered along the way into orbital resonances and carried them toward the sun. But as those planetesimals got closer to the sun, their orbits also became elliptical.
"You cannot reduce the size of your orbit without paying a price, and that turns out to be increased ellipticity," explains Batygin. Those new, more elongated orbits caused the planetesimals, mostly on the order of 100 kilometers in radius, to sweep through previously unpenetrated regions of the disk, setting off a cascade of collisions among the debris. In fact, Batygin's calculations show that during this period, every planetesimal would have collided with another object at least once every 200 years, violently breaking them apart and sending them decaying into the sun at an increased rate.
The researchers did one final simulation to see what would happen to a population of super-Earths in the inner solar system if they were around when this cascade of collisions started. They ran the simulation on a well-known extrasolar system known as Kepler-11, which features six super-Earths with a combined mass 40 times that of Earth, orbiting a sun-like star. The result? The model predicts that the super-Earths would be shepherded into the sun by a decaying avalanche of planetesimals over a period of 20,000 years.
"It's a very effective physical process," says Batygin. "You only need a few Earth masses worth of material to drive tens of Earth masses worth of planets into the sun."
Batygin notes that when Jupiter tacked around, some fraction of the planetesimals it was carrying with it would have calmed back down into circular orbits. Only about 10 percent of the material Jupiter swept up would need to be left behind to account for the mass that now makes up Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
From that point, it would take millions of years for those planetesimals to clump together and eventually form the terrestrial planets--a scenario that fits nicely with measurements that suggest that Earth formed 100-200 million years after the birth of the sun. Since the primordial disk of hydrogen and helium gas would have been long gone by that time, this could also explain why Earth lacks a hydrogen atmosphere. "We formed from this volatile-depleted debris," says Batygin.
And that sets us apart in another way from the majority of exoplanets. Batygin expects that most exoplanets--which are mostly super-Earths--have substantial hydrogen atmospheres, because they formed at a point in the evolution of their planetary disk when the gas would have still been abundant. "Ultimately, what this means is that planets truly like Earth are intrinsically not very common," he says.
The paper also suggests that the formation of gas giant planets such as Jupiter and Saturn--a process that planetary scientists believe is relatively rare--plays a major role in determining whether a planetary system winds up looking something like our own or like the more typical systems with close-in super-Earths.
As planet hunters identify additional systems that harbor gas giants, Batygin and Laughlin will have more data against which they can check their hypothesis--to see just how often other migrating giant planets set off collisional cascades in their planetary systems, sending primordial super-Earths into their host stars.
The researchers describe their work in a paper titled "Jupiter's Decisive Role in the Inner Solar System's Early Evolution."
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
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