The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
26-03-2022
Ancient Hall of Records found in Romania kept secret since 2003
Ancient Hall of Records found in Romania kept secret since 2003
In 2002, the Pentagon was running several military and geo desic programmes using satellites based on the above technology. The satellite spotted a particular structure located inside the Bucegi mountains.
In 2003, an amazing discovery was made of a large anomaly inside the Bucegi Mountains of Romania. A high level Italian Freemason was the first to alert a top secret paranormal unit of the Romanian intelligence service about the discovery made by US ground penetrating radar.
The discovery of a very large hemisphere or dome-shaped structure inside the mountain set off a complex set of geopolitical maneuvers that involved Romania being fast tracked into NATO for "its protection." All this happened around the same time a similar anomaly was found in Iraq making it an unknown factor in the US-led invasion.
Inside the mysterious structure was a fabulous repository of ancient information, a veritable Noah's ark of forgotten knowledge and genetics stored holographically. This ancient Hall of Records was built by a tall race of giants or human-looking extraterrestrials.
The Romanian "Hall of Records" has been involved in a complex geopolitical struggle between the Pentagon, Romanian government, and senior Freemasons vying to either release or suppress information coming out into the public arena.
There are 4 primary tunnels and further sub tunnels that lead to deeper and bigger places.
In these tunnels you will find rooms, huge rooms, with huge tables and stone chairs for people much taller than us. These rooms were created 50,000 years ago and each is connected to each other, protected by an energy source which activates all as one is activated.
The projection room contains all our history and can be replayed visually.
There are five tables on each side of the room. On some of them are different objects that appear to be technical tools. From many of them descending to the ground, are a lot of white, translucent wires which gather into rectangular boxes of shiny, silver material. The boxes are placed directly onto the ground. The cables are extremely flexible and lightweight and light pulses can be seen circulating along their length.
When approaching any of the tables, a holographic projection activates showing aspects of a particular scientific field. The three dimensional images are perfect and very large, with a height of almost two and a half meters.
The projections run by themselves but at the same time they are interactive and depend on one who interacts with the tables by touching their surfaces.
Climbing on a specially brought tripod the table surfaces can be seen. They are covered with a film of a dark glassy material. The film is divided into several large square bounded by straight lines, forming a kind of grid. At one table the subject is biology and the projected image are of plants and animals, some completely unknown.
Tapping one of the squares, the hologram shows the structure of the human body. It develops holographic images of various areas of the body that always rotate. Other squares show projections of other beings, on other celestial bodies. By tapping simultaneously two different squares, a complex scientific analysis shows the DNA of both beings and possibilities of compatibility between them.
In this interview, Peter Moon, famed author of the Montauk book series, discusses the Transylvania book series which he began editing and publishing in 2009. He explains how he first got involved through his time travel research on the Montauk Project. He has subsequently regularly traveled to Romania and been able to confirm key aspects of the story.
Ancient Map Shows the Lost City of Atlantis is the Eye of the Sahara - Published March 2022
Ancient Map Shows the Lost City of Atlantis is the Eye of the Sahara - Published March 2022
Ancient Map Shows the Lost City of Atlantis is the Eye of the Sahara – Published March 2022
“For there is nothing covered, that shall not be revealed; neither hid, that shall not be known.”
Atlantis is a fictional island mentioned in an allegory on the hubris of nations in Plato’s works Timaeus and Critias, wherein it represents the antagonist naval power that besieges “Ancient Athens”, the pseudo-historic embodiment of Plato’s ideal state in The Republic. In the story, Athens repels the Atlantean attack unlike any other nation of the known world, supposedly bearing witness to the superiority of Plato’s concept of a state. The story concludes with Atlantis falling out of favor with the deities and submerging into the Atlantic Ocean. Wikipedia
The neolithic city of Çatalhöyük, in what was Anatolia or Asia Minor and now Turkey, is considered to be the oldest known city in the world, making it one of the world’s most important archaeological sites. While ancient, the civilization living there 9000 years ago showed a remarkable talent for acquiring and using colorful pigments for ceremonial, decorative and funeral activities. A new study published in Scientific Reportsfocused on one strange practice – the painting of skeletons. Since the skeletons appear to have been painted a number of times with different colors, the reasons were a puzzling and somewhat macabre mystery to researchers.
(Not a skull from this story)
The strangeness starts with the burials themselves – the graves are typically underneath buildings, which were tightly packed in this densely populated city. The skeletons uncovered by earlier archeologists were partially painted with bright colors and the signs indicated they had been removed one or more times to paint. Researchers from the University of Bern on the new study noticed something unusual – the number of burial layers under a building matched layers of paintings found on its wall. As senior study author Marco Milella explains in the press release:
“This means when they buried someone, they also painted on the walls of the house.”
After making that connection between burial and building, they found another. The colors used on the skeletons were unique to the sex of the person, and the colors matched those used on the wall when they were buried. Red ochre was most popular – used on children and adults – while cinnabar (a brownish red) was found on males and blue/green on females. Then it gets stranger – some of the remains appear to have been dug up a second time and painted again … but not reburied right away.
“Some individuals “stayed” in the community: their skeletal elements were retrieved and circulated for some time, before they were buried again. This second burial of skeletal elements was also accompanied by wall paintings.”
Bones, but not complete skeletons, were repainted and passed around the community for a while – possibly as a sign of reverence of the dead. When they were buried again, their colors were added to a new painting on the building’s walls. The researchers have not yet identified the reason why only some of the skeletons were painted – there seems to be no correlation between selecting which bones to paint and age or sex. But they definitely “provide new insights into pigment use by this community, by showing the internal dynamics of this particular society and contributing to the interpretation of mortuary practices in Neolithic Anatolia.”
Why some bones but not others?
(Not bones from this story)
The usage of pigments to paint skeletons and corresponding wall designs lasted until around 6500 BCE, as the resident of Çatalhöyük increased productivity, increased the social autonomy of single households, and moved to a more dispersed settlement pattern, thus reducing ritual ties such as the painting and sharing of ancestral bones. The study recommends future analysis of other Neolithic Anatolia sites for the use of mortuary pigment.
While less macabre, it’s still sad to see cultures lose these rituals that bind people together to remember their ancestors and loved ones.
Skeleton of a male individual aged between 35 and 50 years old with cinnabar painting on the cranium.
Detail of the cinnabar stripe on the cranium of the male individual.
Tales of a Two-headed Giant: Are the Legends of Kap Dwa Real?
Tales of a Two-headed Giant: Are the Legends of Kap Dwa Real?
Countless people have claimed to encounter giants throughout history. Greek titans, various Norse giants, the Chinese giant Pangu, and the Biblical giants Goliath and Anak are all examples of stories of extremely large beings in different cultures. This has led many to wonder if real giants ever existed. One example which has been suggested as a possibility is the giant Kap Dwa. Kap Dwa is alleged to be a Patagonian giant discovered off the coast of South America. The body is unusual not just in its gigantic stature, but also in the fact that it has two heads. Could this giant be real? It is scientifically plausible, but its association with P. T. Barnum and the fact that it has not been examined by experts call this giant’s authenticity into question.
Giant Bones in Baltimore
Kap Dwa is said to be a 12-foot (3.66 meter) tall giant, the body of which is in a museum in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. It is said to be a Patagonian giant. Patagonia was considered a land inhabited by giants for a long time. The legend of Patagonian giants goes back to a story told by the explorer Ferdinand Magellan.
English sailor offering bread to a Patagonian woman giant. Frontispiece to ‘Viaggio intorno al mondo fatto dalla nave Inglese il Delfino comandata dal caposqadra Byron’ (Florence, 1768), the first Italian edition of John Byron’s ‘A Voyage Round the World in His Majesty’s Ship the Dolphin . . .’ (London, 1767) [Rare Books Division].
Magellan and his men stopped on the beaches of South America and went inland to explore. As they explored, it is said they encountered natives that were twice the size of a normal man. This is probably because a few of the indigenous peoples of the region, namely the Tehuelche, do happen to be taller than the average European was at the time. This height difference may have been exaggerated, leading to the long-standing European myth that Patagonia was a land of giants.
Is it possible though that there may have been a few real giants in Patagonia and that Kap Dwa is an example of them?
There are two conflicting stories of the origin of Kap Dwa. According to the first, Kap Dwa was encountered by Spanish sailors in around 1673 on the beaches of Patagonia. He was captured and taken onto their ship where they strapped him to the mast. When he got free of the mast, he skirmished with them and was killed by a pike piercing his chest. After this his body was mummified and stuffed and eventually made its way first to Britain and later the United States in the 19th century; where it became the subject of many sideshows and freak shows as a spectacle of the unexplored world.
The second story is that the giant was found already dead on a beach with a spear through his chest. In this version, his body was found by Paraguay natives who mummified the body and worshiped it in a sort of religious ceremony. At some point after this, the British schooner captain George Bickle heard about it. He infiltrated Paraguay and stole the body. After having taken the body, he brought it with him to Britain.
Both stories end the same way: The body ends up in the hands of showmen who add it to their collection of curiosities.
There is some disagreement over its authenticity. Some believe it to be genuine and others are convinced it is a hoax. Let us examine the evidence and see which one sounds more likely.
Is a Two-Headed 12 Foot Man Even Possible?
Although a real two-headed giant seems pretty far-fetched, on par with discovering a real dragon or a real troll, it is not actually as unlikely as it sounds. Let us first examine the creature’s unusual height. There have been people of unusual stature due to the condition known as gigantism. The tallest person in recorded history for which there is indisputable evidence is Robert Wadlow (1918-1940) who was 8 feet 11 inches (2.47 meters) tall and still growing when he suddenly died at the age of 22.
Although people have been found who are over 8 feet tall, no living people or skeletal remains (for which the evidence is beyond dispute) have been found that are 12 feet tall. Although it may be possible for a human to grow to that size, increasing health complications make it more difficult for someone to reach that height and survive. The reason that Wadlow died is because his feet developed blisters because of the enormous weight on them. These blisters eventually became infected and he died from complications related to the infection. These health problems would only get worse for someone who was 12 feet tall.
People and animals with multiple heads have also been identified. One of the ways that conjoined twins can form is a condition called dicephalic parapagus, in which the twins will appear to have one body and two heads. Again, most cases do not survive infancy let alone to adulthood, but there are a few rare cases that do. The two most famous examples would be the Italian brothers Giovanni and Giacomo Battista Tocci (1875/1877-1940?) and the American sisters from Minnesota named Abby and Brittany Hensel (1990- present). The chances of survival for dicephalic parapagus twins is increased if their vital organs are doubled so that each twin has a separate heart, stomach, set of lungs, etc. It is thus possible for dicephalic parapagus twins to become biologically successful adults, but it is very rare.
1880's cabinet card photograph of the Tocci Brothers by Obermiller & Kern. It was sold by the Tocci Brothers.
For Kap Dwa to be genuine, we would have to suppose two very unlikely scenarios at once. We would have to presume that dicephalic parapagus twins were born who had yet another rare and lifespan-reducing disorder, gigantism, and they were somehow able to overcome all the health problems related to both conditions and become full-fledged adults that were strong and healthy enough to engage in combat with a band of sailors. While this is not out of the question, it does make the story much more unlikely and in need of considerably more evidence.
The body was allegedly examined by physicians in the 1960s who said that it showed no obvious signs of being fake. No other experts appear to have examined the body either to determine if it is genuine or if it had the internal anatomic requirements to be likely to survive as a set of dicephalic parapagus twins.
Another problem with the authenticity of the body is its association with Phineas Taylor Barnum. P.T. Barnum was a 19th century showman, businessman, and politician known for shows in which he would display creatures or items which he claimed to be the remains of mythical creatures or from distant lands. Two famous examples would be the jackalope and the Fiji mermaid. P.T. Barnum was known for telling tall tales and most of his specimens have turned out to be hoaxes, the most famous of which might be the Fiji mermaid. Any association with P.T. Barnum immediately casts doubt on the authenticity of Kap Dwa.
[Top] Fiji Mermaid, in the Folklore section at the Haus der Natur (House of Nature), a natural history collection in Salzburg, Austria. ( CC BY NC SA 2.0 ) [Bottom] P.T. Barnum’s Feejee mermaid
Furthermore, there is a strange artform known as rogue taxidermy which consists of reconstructing corpses to look like mythical creatures such as dragons, fairies, goblins, and even giants. This is not practiced very often today, but it was popular in the 19th and early 20th centuries. A two headed Patagonian giant would be a likely candidate for a specimen to be made by rogue taxidermists.
Although it is scientifically possible for Kap Dwa to be genuine as a set of dicephalic parapagus twins who suffered from gigantism, the unlikelihood of this scenario, the associations of the specimen with a man known to have produced multiple hoaxes, and the fact that no one has really examined the body since the 1960s all suggest that Kap Dwa is more likely an elaborate hoax… at least until indisputable evidence can be found.
The continued research on the ancient discoveries has always stunned the archaeologists who are trying hard to collect information about previous civilizations on Earth. The Egyptian type pyramids are found around the world and share a link between different cultures that existed thousands of miles from each other. Since the 20th century, amazing ancient artifacts have been discovered underwater that include lost cities and pyramids.
In 1992, an experienced diver named Geng Wei from China discovered handcraft flagstones and stone strips at the bottom of Fuxian Lake in the Yunnan Province. Geng accidentally discovered a large pyramid and a lost sunken city that supposedly belonged to the ancient Yunnan civilization during the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE).
Fuxian Lake covers an area of 212 square kilometers, stretching through Chenjiang, Jianchuan, and Huaning Counties in Yunnan Province. The lake has a depth of 155 meters that makes it the deepest lake in the Yunnan Province. Besides, it is the third deepest freshwater lake in China.
Geng heard the legends about the lake that said people could see an impression that resembled a city under the lake from the mountains. Did he discover the ancient lost city? To get assurance, he dove 35 times underwater and explored the lake’s bottom. After surveying, he called the experts from Yunnan Province.
Fuxian Lake, Yunnan Province, China
Ancient astronaut theorist Giorgio A. Tsoukalos said: “What he saw was quite extraordinary. Handcrafts limestones, roads, buildings, and it as if he had discovered an underwater. The clearest evidence of dwellings at the bottom of a lake. It was built when there was even not a lake and that would mean, we are talking about the time before the last ice age.”
In the early 2000s, a Chinese submarine archaeology team conducted an investigation under Fuxian Lake and concluded that the underwater site had two large buildings that were built on huge stone slabs, similar to Mayans, a colosseum-like structure and another structure that resembled a pyramid.
Flagstones and stone strips at the bottom of Fuxian Lake in the Yunnan Province
The pyramid at the bottom of Fuxian Lake was built of huge stone slabs with mysterious engravings. It seemed to be even more advanced than Egyptian pyramids.
The Epoch Times writes: “Amongst the many engraved stones, one stone has attracted particular attention. On the top right of the stone is carved a small circle surrounded by seven radial lines, resembling the Sun. On the left side of the stone is carved a similar circle, but with only four radial lines.”
Experts believe that the sun-like symbol on the stones is very rare and could be even older than 1,800 years.
It would be impossible to install such blocks without special equipment, as well as to bring them to their existing form. The top, consisting of two steps, was lined with sandstone and therefore collapsed. A stronger limestone foundation survived and was found.
Sonar technique used to survey the sunken city beneath the lake
Sonar technique showed that the city covers an area of 10.8 million square feet. It was said that the pyramid might have been as old as the Egyptian pyramids and taller than some of them. Archeologists managed to find out that the massive blocks have a bonding composition with each other, reminiscent of cement. There are no gaps between the huge stone blocks.
Chinese researchers also discovered some handmade stone artifacts such as clay pots beneath the lake. From the carbon dating method, the sunken city was estimated to be 1750 years old. It is assumed that the under-lake structures were constructed by the Dian people who were good at metalworking. As the Han dynasty expanded towards Yunnan province, the ancient Dian kingdom assimilated into it and disappeared by 109 BCE.
A computerized model of the underwater pyramid and surrounding city at the bottom of Fuxian Lake
Ancient astronaut theorists suggested that the lake could be the base for UFOs. There is a legend behind Fuxian Lake. According to a book titled “Cheng Jang Fu Zhi” written during the reign of Emperor Daoguang, “a flying horse-like animal that lived in the lake, described as white with red spots on its back. More intriguingly, it was a creature that could actually take to the skies. This suggests it may have been part-USO, part-UFO.”
A disk-shaped UFO was even seen by a fisherman named Zhang Yuxiang at the lake that rose from the underwater on October 24, 1991. He described the UFO as a shiny disk that tossed his boat by creating strong waves into the water.
After this amazing underwater discovery of pyramids and cities, a lot of questions have arisen. Who built that city? Why is there no record of it in the ancient Chinese texts? What happened to its inhabitants? Is it possible that the city existed before the last ice age?
Underwater ruins and pyramid of ancient civilization discovered off St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana
Underwater ruins and pyramid of ancient civilization discovered off St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana
Amateur archeologist Gelé says he’s discovered the ruins of an ancient civilization off the coast of St. Bernard Parish and he said: “All I know is somebody built a city 12,000 years ago and it’s stuck out in Chandeleur."
He claims there are large underwater granite mounds near the Chandeleur Islands that may have once been the site of the lost city.
“What’s down there are hundreds of buildings that are covered with sand and silt and that are geographically related to the Great Pyramid at Giza,” Gelé said.
He produced underwater sonar images of what he claims are remnants of major buildings, including a large pyramid which produces an electromagnetic energy that’s incredible,” Gelé said. “It is apparently 280 feet tall” reports wwltv.
The Enigma of Prehistoric Skulls with Bullet-Like Holes
The Enigma of Prehistoric Skulls with Bullet-Like Holes
Nearly one century ago, a Swiss miner was searching for metal ore deposits in the limestone caves of Kabwe, Zambia, when he found a prehistoric skull that dated back between 125,000 and 300,000 years. It was the first fossil to be discovered in Africa with Homo sapiens characteristics.
But there was an even bigger surprise. The prehistoric skull had a small, circular shaped hole on the side, which forensic scientists say could only have been created by an extremely high-velocity projectile, such as that caused by a bullet. The mystery was compounded by the discovery of an ancient auroch skull with exactly the same feature. The discoveries have led to many wild and wonderful speculations, but we are really no closer to solving the puzzle.
Replica of the prehistoric Kabwe skull, housed in Mauer Museum, in Heidelberg, Germany.
Trying to Classify Prehistoric Skulls – The Case of the Kabwe Skull
The skull found in Kabwe (also known as Broken Hill) attracted a great deal of attention when it was first discovered. According to the Smithsonian Institution , it was initially believed that the Kabwe prehistoric skull was the first ever example of a new species of hominid called Homo rhodesiensis .
It was subsequently assigned the classification of Homo heidelbergensis , although more recent research has shown that several characteristics shown similarities to Homo erectus , Homo neanderthalensis , and modern Homo sapiens . Whoever the skull belonged to, it appears he or she may have been the product of interbreeding between different hominid species.
But its unique combination of features was not all that was unique about the Kabwe skull. It was also found to have a small, perfectly-round hole on the left side of the cranium, as well as a shattered parietal plate on the opposite side.
This suggests the projectile that entered on the left side, passed through the skull with such force that it completely shattered the right side. Strangely, the presence of these highly-unusual characteristics are missing from descriptions of the Kabwe skull on the Smithsonian Institution page, as well the Natural History Museum of London, although their photos clearly depict the hole in the skull.
A replica of the prehistoric Broken Hill or Kabwe skull from the Museum in Livingstone, Zambia, with the apparent bullet hole visible on the left.
What Could Have Caused the Hole in the Kabwe Skull?
While it is natural to assume that the hole may have been caused by a high-speed spear or javelin, investigations proved this was not possible. “When a skull is struck by a relatively low-velocity projectile – such as an arrow, or spear – it produces what are known as radial cracks or striations; that is, minute hairline fractures running away from the place of impact,” wrote The Shields Gazette . “As there were no radial fractures on the Neanderthal skull, it was unanimously concluded that the projectile must have had a far, far greater velocity than an arrow or spear.”
According to the book Technology of the Gods: The Incredible Sciences of the Ancients by David Hatcher Childress, a German forensics expert came to an even more radical conclusion: “the cranial damage to Rhodesian man’s skull could not have been caused by anything but a bullet.” Researcher Rene Noorbergen, who investigated the mystery in Secrets Of The Lost Races , concurred, saying that “this same feature is seen in modern victims of head wounds received from shots from a high-powered rifle.”
If this were true, it would mean that a) the skull is not as old as claimed, b) the ancient skull was shot in modern times, c) the ancient skull was shot in ancient times by a technologically advanced civilization. The first and second options are discounted by the fact that the skull was found 60 feet (18.2 m) below the surface, which confirms that it is at least several thousand years old.
It was not located near enough to ground level to have been accidently or intentionally shot in recent decades. Does that just leave us with the third option, or could there be other explanations in the mix?
Auroch skull with bullet-like hole in the forehead.
Before exploring other hypotheses, we must give consideration to another prehistoric skull discovery which further compounds the mystery. Thousands of miles away, along the Lena River in Russia, another ancient skull was discovered with the same clean, round hole.
The skull belonged to an auroch, an extinct species of wile cattle that lived between 2 million and 4,000 years ago. Like the Kabwe skull, the hole in the auroch skull is also missing radial cracks that would result from spear or arrow projectiles.
The prehistoric skull, which is now on display in Moscow’s Museum of Paleontology, could not have been struck by a bullet in more modern times because calcification around the bullet hole shows that the auroch survived the wound for some time afterwards.
The Kabwe skull, or Broken Hill skull, with its bullet-like hole clearly visible on the site, on display in the National History Museum in London.
All these pieces of the puzzle have really brought us no closer to learning the truth. Numerous hypotheses and speculations have surfaced, from radical theories, such as the idea proposed by The Shields Gazette that “someone from the future, carrying a firearm, travelled back into the past and engaged in some sort of trans-temporal hunting expedition,” to the slightly more plausible suggestion that the holes were caused by shrapnel from a small meteorite or something similar.
In alternative archaeology circles, the most popular perspective is that ancient man may have been technologically developed to a very high degree, before virtually all traces were lost. But could two separate societies, separated by thousands of years and a vast cultural gulf, have both invented weapons that just happened to fire small, cylindrical projectiles at high speed?
The only lukewarm attempt to debunk the alternative theories comes from the Bad Archaeology website, which denies the injuries to the right-side of the skull exist. Although they present no explanation or evidence, they claim that the bullet-like hole was caused by “a pathological, rather than a traumatic lesion, caused by an infection in the soft tissue over it.”
At this stage, none of the hypotheses are supported by adequate evidence or logic. Unless more prehistoric skulls or fossils are discovered with the same type of injuries, we may never hold the real answers to the Kabwe skull enigma.
Top image:The Kabwe Skull with bullet-like hole. prehistoric skulls.
WETENSCHAPPERS ONTHULLEN HET UNIEKE LOOPJE VAN HET GROOTSTE VLIEGENDE DIER DAT OOIT OP AARDE HEEFT GELEEFD
WETENSCHAPPERS ONTHULLEN HET UNIEKE LOOPJE VAN HET GROOTSTE VLIEGENDE DIER DAT OOIT OP AARDE HEEFT GELEEFD
Vivian Lammerse
Lopen met vleugels van 6 meter lang valt echt niet mee…
Als je vandaag de dag door moerassig gebied loopt, zie je hooguit één meter lange reigers in ondiep water waden, op zoek naar visjes, insecten of schaaldieren. Maar zo’n 70 miljoen jaar geleden zou je langs de Texaanse Rio Grande-rivier een indrukwekkender en enger wezen door de moerassen hebben zien struinen. Het gaat om een vrij angstaanjagende pterosauriër, bekend als Quetzalcoatlus. Dit beest, met een spanwijdte van bijna 12 meter, was het grootste vliegende dier dat ooit op aarde leefde. En in een nieuwe studie schetsen onderzoekers nu het meest complete beeld van dit gevreesde familielid van de dinosaurus.
Mysterie In de jaren zeventig van de vorige eeuw ontdekte wetenschappers in het Amerikaanse Big Bend National Park de gefossiliseerde botten van de pterosauriër. Eén van de mysteries is echter sindsdien geweest hoe een dier met zes meter lange vleugels rond kon lopen… De vleugels zouden zelfs opgevouwen de grond moeten hebben geraakt. Bovendien gingen er onder zijn enorme vleugels in verhouding vrij kleine beentjes schuil. En dus is het de vraag hoe Quetzalcoatlus het luchtruim koos. “Dit oude vliegende reptiel is legendarisch,” zegt onderzoeker Kevin Padian. “Maar dit is de eerste keer dat we een grondige blik werpen op het grootste dier dat ooit op aarde rondvloog.”
Studie De onderzoekers bogen zich over de gefossiliseerde botten en vergeleken deze met talrijkere exemplaren van een kleinere Quetzalcoatlus-soort om het vlieg-, loop- en lanceergedrag beter te begrijpen. En uiteindelijk slaagde het onderzoeksteam erin het unieke loopje van Quetzalcoatlus te onthullen.
Vleugels Het beeld dat het onderzoeksteam uiteindelijk schetst, is van een dier dat best wat weg heeft van hedendaagse reigers, gecombineerd met kenmerken van condors en gieren. “Pterosauriërs hebben enorme borstbeenderen – de plek waar de vliegspieren zich hechten – dus het lijdt geen twijfel dat het geweldige vliegers waren,” zegt Padian. “Hun opperarmbeen – de humerus – kenmerkt zich door enorme, benige toppen waar de spieren die ze gebruikten om te vliegen, worden verankerd. Deze zijn groter dan die van vogels en veel groter dan die van vleermuizen. De vleugels werkten in wezen hetzelfde als die van vogels en andere dinosauriërs, waaraan pterosauriërs het nauwst verwant zijn.”
Meer over Quetzalcoatlus De onderzoekers vermoeden dat Quetzalcoatlus geen veren had: zijn lichaam – inclusief vleugels – was bedekt met haar, zoals bij alle pterosauriërs. Net als dinosaurussen waren ze warmbloedig en actief. Quetzalcoatlus had geen staart, vermoedelijk om zo wendbaarder te zijn. Daarnaast leek hij een beetje op een uit de kluiten gewassen ooievaar. De pterosauriër hield er waarschijnlijk een gevarieerd dieet op na en zocht in de modder naar krabbetjes, wormen en kokkels, maar ook kleine visjes, insecten, slangen en hagedissen stonden geregeld op zijn menu.
Net als vogels, vleermuizen en zelfs mensen, hebben de voorpoten van pterosauriërs drie segmenten: de humerus, de onderarm en de pols- en handbotjes. Maar in tegenstelling tot vogels en vleermuizen, bestaat het buitenste deel van de pterosauriërvleugel uit een gigantische ‘vleugelvinger’. “Het is vergelijkbaar met een skistok die zich vanaf het begin van je vingers uitstrekt en 90 graden naar buiten buigt,” legt Padian uit.
Tweevoetig Quetzalcoatlus was tweevoetig, wat betekent dat hij op twee benen liep. Maar omdat de botten van de voorpoten zo langwerpig zijn, raakten zijn vleugels de grond wanneer ze opgevouwen waren. Dit deed sommigen vermoeden dat de pterosauriërs zich net als een vampiervleermuis voortbewogen; die gebruiken hun voorpoten om zichzelf op de grond voort te stuwen.
Een schets van de botten van Quetzalcoatlus northropi. Het dier hield er een uniek loopje op na, die duidelijk verschilde van die van een vampiervleermuis.
Afbeelding: John Conway
De onderzoekers komen nu echter tot de ontdekking dat Quetzalcoatlus hier waarschijnlijk niet toe in staat was: als hij op de grond stond, kon hij zijn vleugels alleen naar voren of opzij bewegen. “Eenmaal op de grond, kon hij zijn voorpoten niet terugdraaien om vooruit te komen,” zegt Padian. “Het bot in zijn schouder zat daarvoor in de weg.” Om toch op de grond vooruit te komen, hief de pterosauriër eerst zijn linkerarm op, zette vervolgens met zijn linkerbeen een stap en plaatste zijn linkerarm op de grond. Dit proces herhaalde hij aan de rechterkant. “Dit lijkt misschien wat omslachtig,” zegt Padian. “Maar het dier kon de gang snel en gemakkelijk uitvoeren.”
Opstijgen Hoe Quetzalcoatlus opsteeg? Omdat zijn poten korter waren dan zijn vleugels, kon hij niet simpelweg met zijn vleugels klapperen om zichzelf te lanceren. De onderzoekers vermoeden dan ook dat de pterosauriër zijn sterke achterpoten gebruikte om omhoog te springen. Vervolgens begon hij, zodra er enige ruimte onder hem was gekomen, met zijn vleugels te klapperen. Reigers en zilverreigers doen hetzelfde, hoewel ze aanzienlijk kleiner zijn dan Quetzalcoatlus.
Een stapsgewijze reconstructie van hoe Quetzalcoatlus opsteeg. De pterosauriër hurkt, springt en begint dan met zijn vleugels te klappen.
Afbeelding: Kevin Padian and John Conway
De bevindingen zijn revolutionair voor de studie naar pterosauriërs – de eerste dieren, na insecten, die ooit een gemotoriseerde vlucht ontwikkelden. Padian geeft toe dat er nog steeds enkele vragen over Quetzalcoatlus en pterosauriërs in het algemeen onbeantwoord blijven. Maar dankzij het omvangrijke onderzoek hebben we nu wel een veel beter beeld van hoe het grootste vliegende dier dat ooit op aarde leefde, zich – op vrij eigenaardige wijze – voortbewoog.
The Ateshgah Baku Fire Temple: Built On an Azerbaijan Natural Gas Vent
The Ateshgah Baku Fire Temple: Built On an Azerbaijan Natural Gas Vent
The Ateshgah Baku fire temple, located in the capital of Azerbaijan, was built over a natural gas vent, and constructed between the late 17th and early 18th centuries AD. There is evidence, however, that an older temple once stood at the site. One of the interesting features of the Ateshgah Baku fire temple are the inscriptions on the temple used by Zoroastrians, Hindus, and Sikhs. The Ateshgah has since lost its religious function and was converted into a museum during the 1970s.
Inscriptions in Arabic and Indian on the Ateshgah Baku fire temple, located in the suburb of Surakhany, Baku, Azerbaijan.
The Baku Fire Temples: Already in Use in the 10th Century AD
The Ateshgah Baku fire temple is located in Surakhany, a suburb of Baku, Azerbaijan. Due to the many natural gas vents under the Absheron Peninsula (where Baku is situated), fire rituals have been carried out in the area since the 10th century AD. The natural gas vents provided fuel for flames that could burn perpetually, the so-called “eternal flames.” This natural phenomenon can also seen at Yanar Dag (meaning “Burning Mountain”) near Baku.
Baku was once on the famous Silk Road . In addition to goods, this trade route also allowed news to travel from East to West, and vice versa. It is thought that through the Silk Road, merchants in India heard of stories about the Absheron Peninsula and its eternal flames. As a result, pilgrims from India began to travel to Baku to worship the sacred flames. At the same time, they brought their own gods to this foreign land, and worshipped them alongside these flaming gas vents.
The current Ateshgah Baku fire temple was built between the late 17th and early 18th centuries AD. When renovations were carried out in 1969, part of an older structure was found beneath the current temple. This suggests that the site was already used for religious purposes prior to the 17th century. Although it is speculated that the older temple extended beyond the perimeter of the current temple, this may be impossible to ascertain, since the remains were probably destroyed from the 19th century onwards as the surrounding area was excavated for oil and gas.
An inscribed invocation to Lord Shiva of the Hindu religion written in Sanskrit at the Ateshgah Baku fire temple.
The current Ateshgah fire temple consists of a circuit of pentagonal walls surrounding a courtyard, in the middle of which is the altar. This altar takes the form of a pavilion and was built on top of a natural gas vent. Through the gases from this vent, the flame in the middle of the pavilion and four smaller ones on the rooftop corners are maintained. Within the courtyard, and around the altar, are small cells that provided accommodation for pilgrims and ascetics.
The architecture of the Ateshgah fire temple incorporates elements from both Zoroastrianism and Hinduism. It is still a matter of debate, however, whether the temple was originally founded as a Zoroastrian or Hindu place of worship. The current consensus is that whilst the Ateshgah was initially established as a Zoroastrian temple, it developed into a predominantly Hindu site over time.
In addition to the Hindu architectural elements, the other sign of the presence of Hindus at the Ateshgah is the inscriptions dedicated to the Hindu gods Ganesha and Shiva. Apart from these, there are also inscriptions dedicated by Sikh pilgrims who came to the Ateshgah to worship. Although Ateshgah is also associated with Zoroastrianism, there is in fact only a single Zoroastrian inscription at the temple. In any case, the inscriptions indicate that the sacred site was shared by the three different religions.
An engraving of the Ateshgah Baku fire temple of Azerbaijan showing pilgrims visiting the site.
It seems that by the late 19th century, the Ateshgah Baku fire temple was abandoned, possibly due to the decline in Azerbaijan’s Indian population. Nevertheless, even during that century, Parsis and Zoroastrians, who migrated to India following the Islamic conquest of Persia during the 7th century AD, continued to make pilgrimages to the site. Moreover, the site also became a tourist attraction for European tourists travelling in Azerbaijan.
As mentioned earlier, the Ateshgah Baku fire temple was renovated in 1969. Incidentally, in that same year, the eternal flame at the altar died, due to the intensive exploitation of the natural gas reserves on the Absheron Peninsula. Although the flame is still maintained today, its source of fuel is provided by Baku’s main gas supply.
In 1975, the Ateshgah was converted into a museum. The cells surrounding the altar, for instance, are used to tell the stories of the pilgrims who once travelled to the temple to worship.
As the Ateshgah fire temple is located in a suburb of Baku, it is not close to any of the city’s metro stations. Instead, there are buses that run from some of the stations to the site. Apart from that, one could also travel to the temple by taxi. The Ateshgah is open every day from 10:00 to 18:00, and tickets are required to enter the site.
Top image: The altar of the Ateshgah Baku fire temple in the capital of Azerbaijan. Source: vadim.nefedov / Adobe Stock
New Denisovan Fossils From Siberian Cave Are The Oldest Ever Found
New Denisovan Fossils From Siberian Cave Are The Oldest Ever Found
Researchers from the Max Planck Society and the Universities of Vienna and Tübingen have found new fossilized human-like remains mixed in an assortment of bone samples taken from Siberia’s famed Denisova Cave. This includes three fragments that belonged to actual Denisovans, the much-speculated-about species that gave the cave its name. These bones will be added to the growing collection of Denisovan fossils connected to the most intriguing of all the extinct human species, which lived on the Earth at the same time as Neanderthals and early modern humans yet left such a light footprint as to be virtually undetectable.
Remarkably, these Denisovan fossils were recovered from a deep excavation layer that dated to 200,000 years in the past. These are the earliest Denisovan remains ever found, and they prove that Denisova Cave was occupied by archaic humans more than 150,000 years before modern humans reached the Siberian region following their migrations out of Africa. The analysis results of the newly discovered Denisovan fossils have been published in a study in the Nature Ecology & Evolution journal.
The latest Denisovan fossils were found in a deep layer of Denisova Cave in Siberian Russia and proven to date back about 200,000 years, making them the oldest Denisovan remains ever found.
Evidence Found In a Haystack of Denisovan Fossil Fragments
Science first learned of the existence of the Denisovans in 2008. That’s when a small number of fossilized bones and teeth were recovered from an isolated cave in the Altai Mountains in southern Siberia.
Unfortunately, the Denisovan fossil fragments found at the Denisova Cave were few. They revealed scarce details about this long-lost Homo sapiens cousin, which is believed to have died out approximately 50,000 years ago. In the years that have passed since, archaeologists and anthropologists have been frantically searching for more remains left behind by this elusive species. They’ve been searching primarily in northern, central, and eastern Asia, where traces of their DNA have been found in indigenous residents.
Archaeologists and anthropologists have been optimistic about eventually finding Denisovan fossils in these other locations (a fossilized Denisovan jawbone found in a cave in Tibet generated much excitement). But many scientists have continued to focus their search on Siberia’s Denisova Cave, where the ancient Denisovan presence has been most firmly established.
In this extraordinarily successful new study, scientists working under team leader Katerina Douka, an assistant professor in the University of Vienna’s Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, spent several years analyzing ancient DNA samples and assorted proteins extracted from approximately 3,800 bone fragments taken from the cave. As they explain in a new article in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution , these bones included a diverse mixture of animal and human fossils, and it would have been impossible to identify anything visually.
Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry or ZooMS was used to analyze the recently discovered Denisovan fossils, which are now the oldest ever!
For a Positive ID Researchers Relied on Peptide Analysis
To make a positive ID, the researchers only option was to use a technology known as Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectroscopy, or ZooMS. This high-tech tool can identify peptides (strings of amino acids) that are found specifically in the human body, and in the body of human ancestor species as well.
With this reliable technology at their disposal, the scientists concentrated on fossils excavated from the cave’s most ancient layer, which had been dated back 200,000 years. The bones collected from this layer were truly a fragmented and haphazard jumble, and that’s why little work had been done on them in the past. But with ZooMS, there was an opportunity to search for Denisovan fossils in a collection of bones that had not been fully examined before.
Team member Samantha Brown, a doctoral student at the University of Tubingen, was assigned the task of performing the actual analysis of the approximately 3,800 previously unidentified bone fragments. The vast majority of these fossil bones had belonged to animals, making the search for human remains the equivalent of looking for the proverbial needle in a haystack.
With enough time and diligence, even the smallest needle can be found eventually, and Brown’s research ultimately proved successful. Aided by the precise ZooMS technology, she found five bones with collagen profiles that matched those of humans.
But which types of humans? Certainly not modern humans ( Homo sapiens ), which would not arrive in Siberia until much later. That left Neanderthals and Denisovans as the two possible candidates.
To solve this mystery, the scientists turned to another high-tech innovation that has revolutionized archaeological and anthropological practice: DNA analysis. Out of the five human bones Brown identified, four contained significant enough traces of genetic material to allow for a mitochondrial DNA reconstruction. These tests showed that one of the bone fragments had belonged to a Neanderthal, while the other three were all Denisovan.
At an age of 200,000 years, this DNA typing officially established the three bone samples as the oldest remains of Denisovans ever found.
"Denisova is an amazing place for DNA preservation, and we have now reconstructed genomes from some of the oldest and best-preserved human fossils," Dr. Diyendo Massilani, a genetic researcher from the Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, explained in an Institute press release announcing this amazing discovery.
The Denisova 3 fifth distal finger phalanx of 13.5-year adolescent Denisovan female, the first bone fossil uncovered at Denisova Cave in 2008.
Finding New Denisovan Fossil Bones and Lithic Stone Tools
There is no underestimating the impact and importance of this discovery. "We were extremely excited to identify three new Denisovan bones amongst the oldest layers of Denisova Cave," Katerina Douka told Live Science . "We specifically targeted these layers where no other human fossils were found before, and our strategy worked."
"Finding one new human bone would have been cool, but five? This exceeded my wildest dreams," Samantha Brown added.
The discovery of the age of the 200,00-year-old Denisovan bones was exciting. But there is another part to the story that is perhaps even more significant.
Inside the deep layer of the cave where the fossils were found, archaeologists also unearthed a large number of lithic stone artifacts dating to the same time period. These included several scaping tools, which presumably were used to process animal skins.
Notably, none of these tools were similar to any that had been found in central or northern Asia before.
"This is the first time we can be sure that Denisovans were the makers of the archaeological remains [the stone tools] we found associated with their bone fragments," Douka confirmed.
Previously discovered Denisovan fossils had either been found separate from artifacts, or alongside artifacts that were suspected to have been left by Neanderthals. The two ancient species frequently occupied the same caves and territories and were known to have interbred .
There were also thousands of pieces of animal bones found in the oldest layer of Denisova Cave. They have now been identified as belonging to such species as deer, wild horses, bison, gazelles, and wooly rhinoceroses, all of which could have been hunted by Denisovans 200,000 years ago. Many of the bones contained marks consistent with butchering, while others had been damaged by fire (meaning the flesh of the animals had been cooked).
"The site's strategic point in front of a water source and the entrance of a valley would have served as a great spot for hunting," Douka noted.
If Denisova Cave contains more Denisovan bones or artifacts, the researchers intend to find them. Katerina Douka confirms that her team is continuing its search at the cave, while also carrying out excavations at several other Asian sites where they are hopeful Denisovan fossil remains might be found.
Top image: Denisovan fossils look a bit unremarkable, but these bone fragments, mostly from animals, were perfect for Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectroscopy and DNA analysis, which were used in the recent study .
Believe it or not, not every searcher for a lost underwater city is looking for Atlantis. George Gelé has been seeking what was once a major city 12,000 years ago in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of the state of Louisiana. He claims his 50-year search has resulted in sonar images of buildings and a pyramid, and he has witnesses who claim they’ve experienced strange electrical anomalies in the area. Needless to say, Gelé has his doubters. What exactly does he think he’s found and what is his evidence?
“What’s down there are hundreds of buildings that are covered with sand and silt and that are geographically related to the Great Pyramid at Giza. Somebody floated a billion stones down the Mississippi River and assembled them outside what would later become New Orleans.”
In an interview with WWL-TV, Gelé claimed he has located large underwater granite mounds near the Chandeleur Islands that were once the site of a lost city he calls “Crecsentis.” The Chandeleur Islands are a chain of uninhabited barrier islands east of New Orleans in the Gulf of Mexico that form the Chandeleur Sound. The islands were in the news a number of times recently – they were partially destroyed in 2005 by Hurricane Katrina, and in 2010 hundreds of miles of the Chandeleur Sound’s coastline marshes were destroyed by the Deep Horizon oil spill. Neither of those deterred Gelé in his search for “Crecsentis.”
An aerial view of Chandeleur Islands. Louisiana, Chandeleur Islands, St. Bernard Parish.
“What’s important is to figure out what’s there because whatever it is, it belongs to the people of Louisiana.”
There is a consensus that there is indeed something big and made of granite in the Gulf off the coast of St. Bernard Parish. Gelé began looking for it after studying architecture at Louisiana State University and archeology on a student trip to Mexico. Since 1976, he has made 44 trips to the site that is well known to Isleño (descendants of Canary Islanders) fishermen and other boaters. He’s measured the largest pyramidal part (200 feet by 700 feet by 280 feet tall) and compares it to the Superdome in New Orleans. On diving expeditions, he’s brought up old pieces of building material, but local fisherman have netted pieces of granite which are not from Louisiana.
“Everything will go out on your boat, all your electronics. Like as if you were in the Bermuda Triangle. That’s exactly what we got here.”
Local shrimper Ricky Robin told the Sun he’s taken Gelé to the spot where his electronics go haywire – the same spot where granite is found. Gelé claims he’s taken sonar images at the spot that show the pyramid and remains of large buildings. While he’s open to suggestions about the rubble piled on top of the pyramid, he seems committed to the pyramid being from a 12,000-year-old civilization predating the Maya, Inca, and Aztecs. While he doesn’t say how, he claims “Crecsentis” could be linked to those civilizations.
Who controls what’s hidden in the depths of the Gulf of Mexico?
This mysterious rock mound in the Gulf is known to archeologists – a study by Texas A&M in the late 1980s concluded it’s a pile of shipwrecks or ballast stones dumped by Spanish or French boats. vessels. Gelé has had permission to dive to the spot since 2011 but hasn’t returned with any solid evidence of “Crecsentis.” Nor have the electrical anomalies claimed by Robin been confirmed by anyone else. Obviously, it hasn’t discouraged Gelé, but it has drained his finances and the state of Louisiana, while interested in what he finds, isn’t interested in kicking in any cash.
George Gelé has spent almost 50 years studying the site where he believes a lost city is hiding underwater.
Is George Gelé chasing a real Gulf of Mexico Atlantis or just a pile of rocks? The Gulf holds many mysteries but is controlled by the oil industry. The only thing they can’t control is hurricanes. Perhaps one will help Gelé find “Crecsentis” … or prove him wrong.
12,000-Year-Old Lost City Off New Orleans Coast or Imagination Gone Wild?
12,000-Year-Old Lost City Off New Orleans Coast or Imagination Gone Wild?
A self-proclaimed amateur archaeologist professes that mysterious granite stones found over the years by fishermen near the uninhabited Chandeleur Islands, located 50 miles east of New Orleans in the United States, are actually architectural artifacts from a 12,000-year-old lost city. Having visited the site 44 times, George Gelé, a retired architect, is convinced that he has found the remains of a submerged city predating the ancient Inca, Maya and Aztec civilizations of the Americas.
Even more startlingly, he claims that there is a pyramid in the granite city, which he has named “Crescentis”, that is related to the Great Pyramid at Giza ! The oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World , the Great Pyramid is located in Greater Cairo in Egypt. “What’s down there are hundreds of buildings that are covered with sand and silt and that are geographically related to the Great Pyramid at Giza. Somebody floated a billion stones down the Mississippi River and assembled them outside what would later become New Orleans ,” Gelé told CBS affiliate WWL-TV.
George Gelé claims that the lost city located off Chandeleur Islands is related to the Great Pyramid of Giza, seen here.
The Building Blocks of the Lost City of “Crescentis”
So what exactly has Gelé built his theory of a lost city on? While its foundations may be weak, the building stones are solid enough. Local fishermen have for years been talking about netting strange square rocks near the Chandeleur Islands. Granite in the area is certainly something that requires explanation, given that it isn’t found naturally in Louisiana or Mississippi, reports the Sun.
Gelé, who has taken 44 trips to the site over nearly 50 years, has produced underwater sonar images of what he is convinced are discernible ruins of major buildings. These, he claims, include a large pyramid. “All I know is somebody built a city 12,000 years ago and it’s stuck out in Chandeleur. Whether or not they had someone on their shoulder who flew in with a UFO, I don’t know. All I know is they left a whole lot of granite rocks out there,” he said according to WWL-TV.
An aerial view of Chandeleur Islands. Louisiana, Chandeleur Islands, St. Bernard Parish.
But that’s not all. According to Gelé, the pyramid, which he estimates is 280 feet (85 meters) tall, produces an incredible amount of electromagnetic energy . His claims are corroborated by local shrimper Ricky Robin who’s been out with him on four excursions.
According to Robin, the compass on his boat spun completely out of control as they neared the point which Gelé told him was the tip of the pyramid. “Everything will go out on your boat, all your electronics. Like as if you were in the Bermuda Triangle . That’s exactly what we got here,” he is quoted in the Sun as saying . He added that the granite slabs that fishermen found in the area at regular intervals had long been a topic of discussion and putting two and two together, he thought of them immediately as pieces of the pyramid since it was exactly where his compass went crazy.
George Gelé has spent almost 50 years studying the site where he believes a lost city is hiding underwater.
A Lost City? Or Are There More Mundane Explanations?
Though he has his adherents, many treat Gelé’s claims with skepticism, subscribing to explanations that are as of now less of a stretch of imagination than the theory of a submerged city near the Chandeleur Islands . And there are several of these rather more realistic explanations. One is from a late 1980s Texas A&M study which claims the granite blocks originate from old shipwrecks or ballast stones thrown overboard by Spanish and French ships to lighten their load as they entered shallow waters.
In fact, Gelé himself made a presentation in 2014 along similar lines. There he explored possibilities of the stone piles being from a construction dump or a build up from several shipwrecks. LSU archaeology professor Rob Mann told local newspaper the Advocate in 2011 that he believed the granite slabs originated from an abortive attempt to build an artificial reef. The state’s archaeologist told the same newspaper that while he agreed that barge loads of stones seemed to have been dumped there, the reasons were not clear.
The jury is still out on whether there is any substance to Gelé’s claims of a 12,000-year-old lost city, or whether the more commonplace explanations are closer to the truth. Certainly, Gelé’s hypothesis is more romantic. But until future dives, solar technology or satellite imaging help him put some proof out there, he will find it difficult to find serious scientific backing for his lost city ideas.
Top image: Representational image of a lost city at the bottom of the ocean. Source: diversepixel / Adobe Stock
George Gele has found an ancient city off the coast of Louisiana. A city that contains a pyramid that is almost 200 feet tall. He has sonar scans and ancient artifacts as proof. An ancient underwater city should not be hard to believe. Hundreds of ancient cities have been swallowed up by the ocean over the last half million years. Imagine an alien culture making a city on an island and then leaving, making it sink on purpose to hide it...Atlantis. Well, its possible that Atlantis was in Louisiana ..but since the waters are so murky, no-one seems to care to check. But just because people are ignorant of the cities existence, doesn't mean it doesn't exist. We may have just found an ancient alien city of Atlantis!
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
News states:
An amateur archeologist says he’s discovered the ruins of an ancient civilization off the coast of St. Bernard Parish. He claims there are large underwater granite mounds near the Chandeleur Islands that may have once been the site of the lost city. The Chandeleur Islands are a chain of uninhabited barrier islands located in the Gulf of Mexico, 50 miles east of New Orleans.Twelve thousand years ago, before a dramatic sea-level rise at the end of the last Ice Age, this area may have been dry land. Retired architect George Gelé believes the site, now underwater was once a major city, predating the Maya, Inca, and Aztec civilizations in Mexico and in Central and South America. He dubbed the city “Crecsentis.” “What’s down there are hundreds of buildings that are covered with sand and silt and that are geographically related to the Great Pyramid at Giza,” Gelé said.
Ancient Reptilians: The Unanswered Mystery of the 7,000-Year-Old Ubaid Lizardmen
Ancient Reptilians: The Unanswered Mystery of the 7,000-Year-Old Ubaid Lizardmen
It is a commonly accepted view in mainstream archaeology that civilization started in ancient Mesopotamia with the great civilization of Sumerin what is now modern-day Iraq. However, at the beginning of the 20th century, archaeologists excavating at Tell Al’Ubaid in Iraq made an unusual discovery when they unearthed several 7,000-year-old artifacts which appear to represent humanoid figures with reptilian features.
Examples of the Ubaid lizardmen discovered in Iraq.
The Ubaidian culture is a prehistoric culture in Mesopotamia that dates between 4000 and 5500 BC. As with the Sumerians, the origins of the Ubaidian people is unknown. They lived in large village settlements in mud-brick houses and they had developed architecture, agriculture and farmed the land using irrigation.
The domestic architecture of the Ubaidians included large T-shaped houses, open courtyards, paved streets, as well as food processing equipment. According to the Metropolitan Museum of Art , some of these villages began to develop into towns, temples began to appear, as well as monumental buildings such as in Eridu, Ur and Uruk, the major sites of the Sumerian Civilization. Sumerian texts explain that Ur was believed to be the first city.
Tell al-Ubaid is a small tell discovered near Ur in southern Iraq.
(David Stanley / CC BY 3.0)
Discovering Ubaid Lizardmen Figurines at Tell Al’Ubaid
The main site where the unusual artifacts were discovered is called Tell Al’Ubaid – although figurines were also found in Ur and Eridu. The Al’Ubaid site is a small mound of about half a kilometer (0.3 mi) in diameter and two meters (6.56 ft) above ground. First excavated by Harry Reginald Hal in 1919, male and female figurines were found in different postures. Most of the figurines appear to be wearing a helmet and have some kind of padding on the shoulders.
Other figurines were found to hold a staff or scepter, possibly as a symbol of justice and ruling. Each figurine has a different pose but the strangest of all is that some female figurines hold babies suckling milk, with the child also represented as a lizard-type creature.
Lizard-headed nude woman nursing a child, from Ur, Iraq, c. 4000 BC, now at Iraq Museum.
The figurines are presented with long heads, almond shaped eyes, long tapered faces and a lizard-type nose. What exactly they represent is completely unknown. According to archaeologists, their postures, such as a female figure breast-feeding, do not suggest that they were ritualistic objects. So what did these Ubaid lizardmen represent?
Whatever they were, they appear to have been important to the ancient Ubaidian people. We know that the serpent was a major symbol used in many societies to represent a number of gods, for example, the Sumerian god Enki, and the snake was used later on as the symbol for the Brotherhood of the Snake , supposedly an ancient secret society. Is there a link between the symbol of the snake and the representations of lizards? For now, these questions remain unanswered.
Meet the ancient bird with a 'movable CHIN': Bizarre avian with a bony appendage at the tip of its lower jaw that helped it root for food roamed China 120 million years ago, fossil analysis reveals
Meet the ancient bird with a 'movable CHIN': Bizarre avian with a bony appendage at the tip of its lower jaw that helped it root for food roamed China 120 million years ago, fossil analysis reveals
Fossil analysis has revealed bizarre bird that roamed China 120 million years ago
Ancient avian had bony appendage at tip of lower jaw that helped it root for food
'Movable chin' is a dental feature that has never been seen in any other dinosaurs
Small group of dinosaurs evolved into birds that co-existed with other dinosaurs
A bizarre-looking ancient bird that had a 'movable chin' to help it root for food 120 million years ago has been identified.
Scientists analysed fossils unearthed near the Great Wall of China to reveal that the creature had a bony appendage at the tip of its lower jaw which it was not only able to move but also feel through.
This bony pincer was just in front of the teeth, in the spot where a chin would be if birds had chins.
Experts said this so-called 'movable chin' was a dental feature that has never been seen in any other dinosaurs.
Named Brevidentavis zhangi, meaning 'short-toothed bird', it was one of two new species identified by researchers led by Chicago's Field Museum.
A bizarre-looking ancient bird that had a 'movable chin' to help it root for food 120 million years ago has been identified. Brevidentavis zhangi (shown in an artist's impression with its mouth open) is one of two new species identified, along with the toothless Meemannavis ductrix (left)
WHAT IS GANSUS YUMENENSIS?
Gansus yumenensis is the first Mesozoic bird found in China.
It was identified following the discovery of a fossil near Changma, Gansu Province, northwestern China in 1984.
Changma is an important place for researchers studying bird evolution.
Later on, five more well-preserved specimens were found in mudstone at the site of an ancient lake at Changma, Gansu.
Gansus yumenensis was about the size of a pigeon and similar in appearance to loons and diving ducks.
It had many features common among modern birds, and also retained some primitive traits such as its clawed wings.
Changma is the second-richest Mesozoic fossil bird site in the world, but more than half of the fossils found there belong to the same species, Gansus yumenensis.
The other was a toothless bird named Meemannavis ductrix.
Both Meemannavis and Brevidentavis are ornithuromorph birds — the group that contains modern birds.
Like today's birds, Meemannavis was toothless, while Brevidentavis had small, peg-like teeth packed close together in its mouth.
Along with those teeth came its strange 'movable chin' feature.
'It was a long, painstaking process teasing out what these things were,' said Jingmai O'Connor, the study's lead author and the associate curator of vertebrate paleontology at Chicago's Field Museum.
'Brevidentavis is an ornithuromorph bird with teeth, and in ornithuromorphs with teeth, there's a little bone at the front of the jaw called the predentary, where its chin would be if birds had chins.'
In a previous study on the predentary in another fossil bird, the researchers discovered that the predentary bone underwent stress and also found a kind of cartilage that only forms when there's movement.
'In this earlier study, we were able to tell that the predentary was capable of being moved, and that it would have been innervated — Brevidentavis wouldn't just have been able to move its predentary, it would have been able to feel through it,' said O'Connor.
'It could have helped them detect prey. We can hypothesise that these toothed birds had little beaks with some kind of movable pincer at the tip of their jaws in front of the teeth.'
Over the last two decades, teams of researchers have unearthed more than 100 specimens of fossil birds close to China's Great Wall.
The birds would have lived approximately 120 million years ago, during the time of the dinosaurs.
Study co-author Jerry Harris, of Utah Tech University, said: 'These fossils come from a site in China that has produced fossils of birds that are pretty darned close to modern birds, but all the bird fossils described thus far haven't had skulls preserved with the bodies.
'These new skull specimens help fill in that gap in our knowledge of the birds from this site and of bird evolution as a whole.'
All birds are dinosaurs, but not all dinosaurs are birds; a small group of dinosaurs evolved into birds that co-existed with other dinosaurs for 90 million years.
Modern birds are the descendants of the group of birds that survived the extinction that killed the rest of the dinosaurs, but many prehistoric birds went extinct then too.
O'Connor's work focuses on studying different groups of early birds to understand why some survived while others went extinct.
The fossil site in northwestern China, called Changma, is an important place for researchers like her to study bird evolution.
It is the second-richest Mesozoic fossil bird site in the world, but more than half of the fossils found there belong to the same species, Gansus yumenensis.
Determining which fossils are Gansus and which ones aren't is tricky; the six specimens that O'Connor and her colleagues examined in this study are primarily just skulls and necks, parts not preserved in known specimens of Gansus.
The fossils were also somewhat crushed by their time deep in the Earth, which made analysing them difficult.
Analysis: Jingmai O'Connor, the study's lead author, is pictured carrying out fieldwork at the site where the fossil birds were found
The fossil site in northwestern China, called Changma, is an important place for researchers to study bird evolution
Through painstaking work, the researchers were able to identify key features in the birds' jaws that showed that two of the six specimens were unknown to science.
They named these Meemannavis ductrix and Brevidentavis zhangi.
Brevidentavis isn't the first fossil bird discovered with a predentary that might have been used in this way, but its existence, along with Meemannavis, helps round out scientists' understanding of the diversity of prehistoric birds, especially in the Changma region.
The study also helps shed light on the most common bird from the site, Gansus, as at least four of the other specimens examined probably belong to this species.
O'Connor said: 'These new specimens include two new species that increase our knowledge of Cretaceous bird faunas, and we found combinations of dental features that we've never seen in any other dinosaurs.
'These discoveries strengthen the hypothesis that the Changma locality is unusual in that it is dominated by ornithuromorph birds, which is uncommon in the Cretaceous.'
She added: 'Learning about these relatives of modern birds can ultimately help us understand why today's birds made it when the others didn't.'
The Great Wall of China is perhaps the most studied structure in the world and its impact on the areas it runs through was unprecedented. However, there was life in that area before the Great Wall and a recent discovery by archeologists digging near the wall’s west end shows how little we really know about it. Paleontologists examining fossils at Changma, 80 miles from the wall’s western end are now calling it a ‘lost world’ of birds that lived 120 million years ago … and they’ve identified a number of new and unusual species.
“These fossils come from a site in China that has produced fossils of birds that are pretty darned close to modern birds, but all the bird fossils described thus far haven’t had skulls preserved with the bodies. These new skull specimens help fill in that gap in our knowledge of the birds from this site and of bird evolution as a whole.”
Some modern birds like this ground hornbill still look like dinosaurs.
In a new study published in the Journal of Systematics and Evolution, co-author Jerald Harris from Utah Tech University unveils the first unique aspect of this ‘lost world’ – skulls. Birds are the most fragile of prehistoric remains and skulls are extremely rare, which makes determining what they ate, how they ate it, brain size and other key characteristics impossible. In addition, while much is know about the small group of dinosaurs which evolved into the birds that became modern birds, little is known about the birds that didn’t survive the dino-killing extinction. Jingmai O’Connor, lead author and the associate curator of vertebrate paleontology at Chicago’s Field Museum, points out in the press release that the ‘lost world’ helped find some.
“It was a long, painstaking process teasing out what these things were. But these new specimens include two new species that increase our knowledge of Cretaceous bird faunas, and we found combinations of dental features that we’ve never seen in any other dinosaurs.”
Illustration by Cindy Joli, Julio Francisco Garza Lorenzo, and René Dávila Rodríguez.
O'Connor conducting fieldwork at the site where the fossil birds were found. Credit: You Hailu
Ornithuromorph birds with teeth had what looks like a chin bone that didn’t move, but this unusualBrevidentavis zhangihad cartilage attached to the bone, which showed evidence of stress. That means it moved and was able to feel what it touched.
“It could have helped them detect prey. We can hypothesize that these toothed birds had little beaks with some kind of movable pincer at the tip of their jaws in front of the teeth.”
O’Connor thinks this made Brevidentavis zhangi a predator – possibly of some of the other species in the ‘lost world’ like the Gansus, the first known true Mesozoic bird in the world. The site contained at least four Gansus skulls. Tom Stidham, another co-author from the IVPP (Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology) in Beijing, eloquently describes the significance of this discovery.
Now THAT’S a predator!
“At a time when giant dinosaurs still roamed the land, these birds were the products of evolution experimenting with different lifestyles in the water, in the air, and on land, and with different diets as we can see in some species having or lacking teeth. Very few fossils of this geological age provide the level of anatomical detail that we can see in these ancient bird skulls.”
The Great Wall is great because of its size and contribution to Chinese history. The Changma fossil site just made a great contribution to Chinese prehistory. Is it time to start calling it the Great Lost World of China?
Why the Bible banned the book of Enoch? The true story of Humanity! – GAF.TV
Why the Bible banned the book of Enoch? The true story of Humanity! – GAF.TV
In its entirety, The Book of Enoch is made up of five books – The Book of Watchers, Book of Parables, The Astronomical Book, The Dream Visions, and The Epistles of Enoch – containing some 100 chapters. These chapters tell the story of the 7th patriarch in the Book of Genesis – Enoch, the father of Methuselah and grandfather of Noah, the same Noah in the biblical story of Noah's Ark. Yet, this was not the biblical story of Noah's Ark. In fact, the Book of Enoch provides an entirely different recounting of the events leading up to the Great Flood of Noah's time, that is, a completely different doctrinal history. It tells a story of the Watchers, explained in biblical terms to be fallen angels, sent to earth to watch over humans at some undefined and ancient point in time. Unfortunately, far from merely watching humans, these Watchers became infatuated by human women, and in short order, began to engage in depraved sexual acts with them. The Book of Enoch tells of the children born through this interbreeding between Watchers and humans, called the Nephilim. These Nephilim were as described: "giants and savages that endangered and pillaged humanity," or, said another way, "supernatural, man-eating giants." Angered with what the Watchers had done, those described as gods chained them in a subterranean prison deep within the earth. Enoch became the go-between gods and imprisoned Watchers.
""" Why the Bible banned the book of Enoch? The true story of Humanity """
Native American 'Hopewell' Civilization WIPED OUT By Catastrophic Asteroid Striking North America! - Mike Adams Must Video
Native American 'Hopewell' Civilization WIPED OUT By Catastrophic Asteroid Striking North America! - Mike Adams Must Video
This is the fall of Babylon. Read the most brutal chapter in the book of Isaiah Chapter 13. That is referring to THEM. We are JACOB. GET OUT OF BABYLON! – and that is a SPIRITUAL exit: movies, tv, their satanic music, etc….
Here’s a sample: 4 The sound of a tumult is on the mountains as of a great multitude! The sound of an uproar of kingdoms, of nations gathering together! The Lord of hosts is mustering a host for battl
Legendary Hopewell Culture Destroyed By Exploding Comet, Study Says
Legendary Hopewell Culture Destroyed By Exploding Comet, Study Says
After enjoying centuries of stability, the prosperous Native American Hopewell culture suddenly went into rapid and irreversible decline around the year 500 AD. The reasons why this happened have long been a topic for speculation, and a team of researchers from the Departments of Anthropology and Geology at the University of Cincinnati (Ohio) have now joined the debate to offer a brand-new theory.
Analyzing rock samples collected from 11 archaeological sites in the Ohio River Valley, these researchers have found physical evidence that suggests an exploding comet may have played a significant role in the Hopewell peoples’ demise. The samples included the stony remnants of this disintegrating space object, which was destroyed in an airburst that distributed its debris far and wide in all directions.
These stony remnants, which are known as micrometeorites, possessed qualities that revealed their true origin.
University of Cincinnati researchers take sediment samples at a Hopewell culture site at the confluence of the Ohio and Great Miami rivers.
“Cosmic events like asteroids and comet airbursts leave behind high quantities of a rare element known as platinum," explained anthropologist and lead study author Kenneth Tankersley in a University of Cincinnati press release . "The problem is platinum also occurs in volcanic eruptions. So, we also look for another rare element found in non-terrestrial events such as meteorite impact craters—iridium. And we found a spike in both, iridium and platinum."
Based on the results of radiocarbon and typological dating procedures, the researchers concluded that this catastrophic event would have occurred sometime between the years 252 and 383 AD.
“This time period coincides with historically documented near-Earth comets and occurs immediately prior to the cultural downturn of the Hopewell ,” the University of Cincinnati researchers wrote in an article discussing their findings in Scientific Reports . “The airburst event may have created mass confusion resulting in an upheaval of the social interaction sphere.”
A magnet holds tiny micrometeorites collected from sediment samples taken from an ancient Hopewell culture site. Researchers say this evidence points to a comet airburst that devastated parts of the Ohio River Valley more than 1,500 years ago.
University of Cincinnati anthropology professor Kenneth Tankersley uses a magnet to show how micrometeorites collected at 11 Hopewell sites contain metals such as iron. UC's analysis found they also contain high levels of platinum and iridium.
Photo/Michael Miller
Previous research has revealed that the area of what is now the eastern United States experienced an epidemic of massive and ravaging wildfires during this period, which incinerated more than 9,200 square miles of forest and agricultural land. The researchers found a layer of charcoal deposits at the Hopewell culture sites along with the micrometeorites, proving that these fires had occurred during the same time period as the comet’s near-Earth explosion.
If they crash into the earth, astronomical bodies like comets and meteors can do great damage to ecosystems within the zone of impact. But if they explode in the sky, the intense heat and wind generated by the blast, plus the raining down of heavy, rocky debris from the exploding object, can cause damage and destruction over a much broader geographical area.
This is what happened in the famous Tunguska event of 1908, when a comet or meteor passed through Earth’s atmosphere and exploded in the sky over Siberia. The explosion leveled more than 800 square miles of forest, leaving behind a scarred landscape that is still visibly damaged to this very day.
University of Cincinnati anthropology student Louis Herzner, bottom, and anthropology professor Kenneth Tankersley use a scanning electron microscope in UC’s Advanced Materials Characterization Center to study iron and silicon-rich microspherules collected at ancient Hopewell sites.
Photo/Larry Sandman
Much like the Siberians who lived near Tunguska, the Hopewell survivors of the third or fourth century blast would have been surrounded by scenes of unimaginable devastation. Survivors who resided near the epicenter of the explosion, which occurred over what is now the city of Milford in southwestern Ohio, would have been especially shocked and traumatized by what they experienced.
UC professor Kenneth Tankersley explains how researchers investigated the impact a comet had on ancient Hopewell in the Ohio River Valley. UC’s Advanced Materials Characterization Center conducted scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry on sediment samples. The University of Georgia provided mass spectrometry, while the U.S. Geological Survey provided stable carbon isotope analysis.
Photo/Michael Miller
"It looks like this event was very injurious to agriculture,” said biology professor and study co-author David Lentz, noting the impact of the explosion on the food chain. “People didn't have good ways to store corn for a long period of time. Losing a crop or two would have caused widespread suffering.”
“And if the airburst leveled forests like the one in Russia,” he continued, “native people would have lost nut trees such as walnut and hickory that provided a good winter source of food. When your corn crop fails, you can usually rely on a tree crop. But if they were all destroyed, it would have been incredibly disruptive.”
Hopewell culture mounds from the Mound City Group in Ohio.
The pre-Columbian Hopewell culture was comprised of disperse settlements of Native American peoples who occupied hundreds of villages alongside rivers in what is now the northeastern and midwestern sections of the United States.
The Hopewell culture was ethnically diverse, but united through extensive trade networks that developed over the course of several centuries. The Hopewell peoples reached the peak of their prosperity during a period that ranged from approximately 200 BC to 500 AD, after which their culture experienced a swift and sudden decline.
Although they essentially disappeared as a distinct people more than 1,500 years ago, the Hopewell did not vanish without a trace. They left behind many vast and impressive complexes of large earthwork mounds, which can be found in multiple states in the vast expanses of America’s Eastern Woodlands.
These ceremonial mounds were an expression of the Hopewell culture’s cosmological and spiritual belief systems , which is revealed by their shapes, content, and alignments.
The mounds sometimes featured animals that would have been sacred to the Hopewell, and sometimes were formed into geometric shapes that likely had ritual significance or deeper spiritual meanings. Just as significantly, the locations of the mounds were not chosen at random—Hopewell mounds were carefully aligned to coincide in various ways with lunar and solar cycles, or with the movement of stars across the night sky.
In addition to their mound-building proclivities, the Hopewell were also accomplished artists and craftspeople. Hopewell archaeological sites have yielded a remarkable bounty of expertly crafted items, including pottery, sculptures, carvings, jewelry, textiles, tools, and exotic ritual artifacts. Artisans worked with metal, bone, stone, and shells, producing a broad variety of practical and decorative items that were traded freely between villages and settlements.
Before the end came, the Hopewell culture seemed to be thriving. They had lived in harmony with nature, with their gods, and with each other for hundreds of years. It is clear that only a significantly disruptive and destructive event or series of events could have brought about their culture’s sudden downfall.
The Miami Native Americans tell of a horned serpent (pictured here) that flew across the sky and dropped rocks onto the land before plummeting into the river … the Shawnee refer to a 'sky panther' that had the power to tear down forests … the Ottawa talk of a day when the Sun fell from the sky.”
"What's fascinating is that many different tribes have similar stories of the event," Professor Tankersley, who is Native American himself, said:
"The Miami tell of a horned serpent that flew across the sky and dropped rocks onto the land before plummeting into the river … the Shawnee refer to a 'sky panther' that had the power to tear down forest … the Ottawa talk of a day when the sun fell from the sky.”
Tankersley also mentions legends passed down by the Wyandot, Algonquin, and Iroquois people that describe sky-born catastrophes of apocalyptic proportions.
And there is still more. Near the epicenter of the third- or fourth-century blast lies a set of Hopewell mounds known as the Milford Earthworks. Tellingly, one of these mounds is shaped exactly like a comet.
While the evidence proving the existence of the exploding comet is strong, there is still much to be learned about its impact on the Hopewell culture.
"It's hard to know exactly what happened. We only have a few points of light in the darkness," Professor Lentz said. "But we have this area of high heat that would have been catastrophic for people in that area and beyond."
"Science is just a progress report," commented geologist Steven Meyers, another study participant. "It's not the end. We're always somewhere in the middle. As time goes on, more things will be found."
Top image: Hopewell culture serpent effigy, Turner Group, Mound 4, Little Miami Valley, Ohio.
UC anthropology professor Kenneth Tankersley poses in front of a table of ancient stone tools in his office in UC's College of Arts and Sciences. Tankersley has studied ancient peoples across North America.
Watching a space rock sail by the planet without hitting it is usually cause for breathing a sigh of relief – but new research into the pre-Columbian Hopewell culture in what is now Ohio shows that a near-hit by a comet around 1500 years ago may have caused them to breath their last breaths as fiery debris and extreme heat rained down upon them. While their demise was not instantaneous, the comet tail tragedy may have been the inspiration for a comet-shaped mound in what is now called the Milford Earthworks.
“Between 1,800 and 1431 years ago (220 and 589 CE), Chinese astronomers documented 69 near-Earth comets, including Haley’s, which came within 0.09 au of earth in 374 CE. At this time, human communities and the resources they needed for survival were at a heightened risk of being destroyed by a comet airburst event.”
Is this what the Hopewells saw when they looked up?
In a new study published in the journal Scientific Reports, researchers from the University of Cincinnati used that data from Chinese astronomers and went looking for evidence of comet tail debris impacts in the U.S. The found it 11 Hopewell archaeological sites in three states stretching across the Ohio River Valley. The evidence included an unusually high concentration and diversity of meteorites containing iridium and platinum, and a charcoal layer suggesting an airburst caused fires across 9,200 square miles sometime between the years 252 CE and 383 CE. This coincides with the near-Earth comets documented by the Chinese astronomers, tales of fiery objects in the sky in many Native American oral histories, and the beginning of the mysterious disappearance of the Ohio Hopewells.
“The Miami tell of a horned serpent that flew across the sky and dropped rocks onto the land before plummeting into the river. When you see a comet going through the air, it would look like a large snake. The Shawnee refer to a ‘sky panther’ that had the power to tear down forests. The Ottawa talk of a day when the Sun fell from the sky. And when a comet hits the thermosphere, it would have exploded like a nuclear bomb. And the Wyandot recount a dark cloud that rolled across the sky and was destroyed by a fiery dart.”
Anthropologist and lead author Kenneth Tankersley reveals in a University of Cincinnati press release how other Native American cultures told the tale of these comets. These were the members of the Hopewell culture or tradition – a diverse and dispersed set of native populations connected by a common network of trade routes that once stretched from Lake Ontario to the Crystal River Indian Mounds in modern-day Florida. Part of that trade route passed through a New Jersey-sized area surrounding the confluence of the Ohio and Great Miami rivers where the bulk of the meteorites and fire damage was found.
“It looks like this event was very injurious to agriculture. People didn’t have good ways to store corn for a long period of time. Losing a crop or two would have caused widespread suffering. When your corn crop fails, you can usually rely on a tree crop. But if they’re all destroyed, it would have been incredibly disruptive.”
UC biology professor and study co-author David Lentz says the evidence shows a complete destruction of the corn crops the natives were growing and the nut trees they depended on in the forests. Lentz pictures the destruction of the trees being similar to the devastation seen in photos of the Tunguska event in Siberia in 1908.
A forest after the Tunguska event.
Archeologists believe the Hopewell tradition ended around 500 CE as evidenced by the end of mound building. Why it ended has been a mystery – there were signs of fortification indicating it could have been a war. This was also a time of climate change, which affected both hunting and agriculture and may have impacted trading. Now there’s the evidence of a near-hit comet spreading destruction across vast areas of the Hopewell exchange. Could that be the ultimate reason for its demise?
“It’s hard to know exactly what happened. We only have a few points of light in the darkness. But we have this area of high heat that would have been catastrophic for people in that area and beyond.”
The next step is to study the layers of soil in the area for pollen from that time period which could show how a fiery airburst altered the agricultural landscape and plant life.
The members of the Hopewell tradition who survived the blast of a comet’s tale managed to live for another 1000 years until they were hit by a burst even more deadly – Europeans.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
![English sailor offering bread to a Patagonian woman giant. Frontispiece to ‘Viaggio intorno al mondo fatto dalla nave Inglese il Delfino comandata dal caposqadra Byron’ (Florence, 1768), the first Italian edition of John Byron’s ‘A Voyage Round the World in His Majesty’s Ship the Dolphin . . .’ (London, 1767) [Rare Books Division].](https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/English-sailor-offering-bread.jpg)
![[Top] Fiji Mermaid, in the Folklore section at the Haus der Natur (House of Nature), a natural history collection in Salzburg, Austria. (CC BY NC SA 2.0 ) [Bottom] P.T. Barnum’s Feejee mermaid (Public Domain)](https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Mermaid_0.jpg?itok=a91DX5iu)
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