The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
08-09-2018
A Drone’s Eye View of the Ancient Pyramids of Egypt, Sudan & Mexico
A Drone’s Eye View of the Ancient Pyramids of Egypt, Sudan & Mexico
"The part of the site that draws the most attention is the underground burial chamber of a Nubian king who conquered Egypt in 715 B.C.," writes National Geographic's Nora Rappaport. She quotes Turchik on the benefits of his chosen photographic technology, which allows him to "fly over and gain this connection between all the other burial sites, between the pyramid and the temple, and get an understanding of what that is from the air.”
Just as you'll visit the pyramids if you take a trip to Cairo, you'll visit the pyramids if you take a trip to Mexico City — but the pyramids of the still-impressive, still-mysterious ancient city of Teotihuacán. "Helicopters illegally fly over this area for foreign dignitaries, but we were told we might be the first to have filmed the pyramids with a drone," writes the uploader of the video just above. He and his collaborators shot it early one morning for a Boston University research project on "what the ruins of a pre-Aztec metropolis can teach us about today’s cities." History and urbanism buffs alike will want to read the accompanying article, but even just a glance at these clips tells you one thing for sure: whether old and long-ruined or relatively new and thriving, every city looks good from above.
The lost city of Atlantis... hidden in plain sight?
The lost city of Atlantis... hidden in plain sight?
if there is a world that remains unexplored....it is the ancient history of man....we have signs hidden in the deserts...burried in the jungles and swallowed by our oceans......and we have mythology...a time when the world was more beautiful..more dangerous...more mysterious..
the fella in this vid has a great theory about Atlantis...check it out
google map views of Richat Structure
check this website too...same theory..more of the "mythology"
Look through the stock photos of Egypt and it’s rare to find any that don’t include pyramids – the defining monuments of that country. Yet Egypt must have had a history before that, right? These were the people who roamed the deserts and followed the Nile before the pharaohs. The people who came up with the idea of the pyramids and the Great Sphynx in the first place. What were THOSE people like?
Well, now we have another clue. Archeologists digging in Tell el-Samara, a Nile Delta area in the Dakahlia province about 140 km (87 miles) north of Cairo, discovered the remains of a village that dates back 7,000 years to a time 2,500 years before the pyramids. That makes this Neolithic village one of the oldest ever found in Egypt.
Satellite image of the Nile Delta
“Analysing the biological material that has been discovered will present us with a clearer view of the first communities that settled in the Delta and the origins of agriculture and farming in Egypt.”
In a statement on Facebook by the Ministry of Antiquities, ministry official Nadia Khedr points out that this was clearly a farming village but one that predates the development of the extensive canal systems that transformed the Nile Delta into the fertile farmlands that exist today. Studying how these people survived and farmed using the rare rainfall could reveal the spark of ingenuity that created the canals … and eventually the pyramids.
Chief archaeologist Frederic Gio led a joint French-Egyptian excavation team which uncovered storage silos (photos hereand here) containing the organic remains of food plants and animals, indicating humans spent some time there. That plus the pottery and stone tools also discovered in the silos helped date the settlement to 5,000 BCE. Besides predating the pyramids, this was also was before – although as we now know it was not long before – the first signs of the development of manmade mummification of human corpses around 3700 BCE.
Egyptian farmers
So, this new discovery predates mummification, King Menes – the first pharaoh who was believed to have united Upper and Lower Egypt and founded the First Dynasty – and the pyramids. What else does it tell us about the ancestors of these people? That apparently will have to wait until the next excavation season begins. Meanwhile, the organic materials found in the silos will continue to be studied and hopefully offer clues about the first settlers of the Nile Delta.
One of these days, Egypt is going to need some new stock photos.
7 Ancient Sites That Are Thought To Have Been Built By Aliens
7 Ancient Sites That Are Thought To Have Been Built By Aliens
You might not believe in aliens but chances are you’ve heard a lot about them. Theories about aliens and their influence over our world are something that will never die out.
There are tons of different places and things in this world that could be summed up by ‘blaming aliens’ when you actually break them down. Below I am going to go over some of the most interesting ancient sites that many believe even now were created by something or someone not of this world. Have you heard about any of these before?
7 Ancient Sites That Are Thought To Have Been Built By Aliens:
These are straight white lines etched into the desert. While they might seem random or meaningless they join together in some peculiar ways. They create several different animals and are thought to be messages from aliens here to their ships above. These drawings are at least two millennia old and are without a doubt unexplainable.
While the pyramids are well known many don’t take the time to think about how they were created. At almost five thousand years old rock and things of the sort should not have been movable at least not on the scale that was done to create such amazing things. How the Egyptians managed to pull this one off is something we will wonder about for years to come.
There have been lots of theories about alien involvement and are documentaries about it all over the web. Perhaps there is more to it than you might think.
3. Teotihuacan
This ancient city in Mexico is well known for its temples and was built over two thousand years ago. It is something many find to be otherworldly in general and could have been built by many different cultures, not just one. Considering how old it is and how advanced the entire thing is in itself, many believe it had to have some kind of extraterrestrial influence.
4. The Face on Mars
Yes, there is a strange face on Mars. It made headlines when it was first noticed and is still the topic of a lot of conspiracies even now. This face was first spotted back in 1976 and seems to have been created by someone or something, somehow. Many believe aliens built this face on Mars and we truly know nothing about it.
That being said, using a higher resolution camera, the face doesn’t seem to be present at all. Depending on who you are this either feeds into the conspiracy or breaks it apart. What do you think about the face on Mars? You can click hereto learn more about it.
The Sacsayhuaman is basically a fortress, it is made out of giant stones and took a crew of 20-30,00 men 60 years to complete. It almost looks as if something from a fairytale and is a literal work of art. It is thought that it must have been created through ancient people working with those from outside of our world. While no such link can be proven, the future may reveal more than you think.
6. Stonehenge
Stonehenge is in England and consists of a lot of stones that make up some kind of circle. It is not something we know much about and its meaning is something many ponder over even now. The stones seem to be aligned with solstices as well as eclipses and are quite unique. This one also comes with tons of different origin theories one of which being aliens. You can click here to learn more about all of these different theories.
Easter Island is also a complete mystery. The whole place is full of large stone figures that look like faces. No one knows who made them, how they got where they are, or anything else.
They are said to have been created by the Rapa Nui people but realistically, they should not have been capable of such back in that time period. These figures are over a thousand years old. Many believe something or someone from another planet may have played a big part.
Geological evidence proves that the Great Sphinx is 800,000 years old
Geological evidence proves that the Great Sphinx is 800,000 years old
One of the most mysterious and mysterious monuments on the surface of the planet is, without a doubt, the Great Sphinx on the Giza Plateau in Egypt. It is an ancient building that has astounded researchers since its discovery and to this day no one has been able to date the sphinx accurately, as there are no written records or mentions of it in the past.
Now two Ukrainian researchers have put forward a new provocative theory in which they suggest that the Great Sphinx of Egypt is about 800,000 years old. A revolutionary theory supported by scientific knowledge.
The authors of this paper are scientists Manichev Vjacheslav I. (Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) and Alexander G. Parkhomenko (Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine).
The starting point for these two experts is the paradigm shift initiated by West and Schoch, a "debate" to overcome the orthodox view of Egyptology, which refers to possible distant origins of Egyptian civilization, and on the other hand physical evidence of water erosion that is present at the monuments of the Giza Plateau.
Manichev and Parkhomenko explain: The problem of dating the construction of the Great Sphinx of Egypt still exists despite the long history of research. Geological approaches in conjunction with other scientific methods make it possible to answer the question of the relative age of the Sphinx.
The visual examination of the sphinx led to the conclusion that water from large waters, which partially flooded the monument, played an important role in the formation of undulating depressions on its vertical walls. The morphology of these formations shows an analogy to similar cavities formed by the sea in the coastal zones.
The genetic similarity of the compared erosion forms and the geological structure and petrographic composition of the sedimentary rock complexes lead to the conclusion that the decisive factor for the destruction of the historical monument is rather the wave energy than the sand abrasion in the aeolian process.
Extensive geological literature confirms the existence of long-lived freshwater lakes in different periods of the Quaternary from the Lower Pleistocene to the Holocene. These lakes were scattered over the areas bordering the Nile. The absolute marking of the upper large erosion cave of the sphinx corresponds to the water surface level reached in the early Pleistocene. The Great Egyptian Sphinx had thus already stood on the Giza plateau at this geological (historical) time.
Lying just off the southern coast of Italy is a small archipelago of islands that comprises the island nation of Malta. The country has a unique and colorful history, first settled in 5,900 BC and then passed through a succession of rulers over the millennia, including the Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Normans, Sicilians, Spanish, French, and British, due to it Naval importance, and finally becoming a British colony in 1814, before gaining independence in 1964. With such a long history spanning back for millennia, Malta is known for its splendid ruins, historical monuments, and ancient sites, but one of these places stands out; a mysterious underground complex that holds with in it many enigmas and oddities that remain unsolved to this day.
The place known as the Hypogeum of Ħal-Saflieni, or also just simply the Hypogeum, was found quite by accident, when in 1902 some workers were digging cisterns at a housing development in the town of Paola when they broke through into what seemed to be an immense chamber of some kind. This chamber seemed to be part of some larger structure that had sat down there in the darkness away from human eyes for a very long time, but for some reason the workers decided to cover up their discovery, meaning that the true extent of this bizarre place would not be uncovered until later.
When word got out that there was a mysterious subterranean complex of unknown origin lying down there right under the town, archeologists were quick to swarm to it, and it would soon prove to be one of the most important and interesting archeological discoveries of the century. Dated to as old as 4,000 BC, it was and still is thought to be the oldest underground complex in the world, and here was a Neolithic structure that held temples, shrines, altars, vast warrens of tunnels that meandered off into the dark, burial chambers, all painstakingly cut directly into the surrounding rock and littered with countless objects such as statues, figurines, pottery, stone and clay beads, shell buttons, amulets, axe-heads, and many, many others. Yet, perhaps the most notable and macabre discovery down there in this ancient place long buried and forgotten down in the bowels of the earth were the remains of an estimated 7,000 individuals, along with numerous burial tools, leading to the theory that this massive complex was meant as a necropolis, or basically a city of the dead, a giant tomb.
The Hypogeum of Ħal-Saflieni
It was already all a mystery as to who had built this place, how it had remained hidden for so long, and why it was packed with thousands of dead people, but these were by far not the only mysteries awaiting discovery in this dark, forgotten place. By far one of the most well-known mysteries of the Hypogeum is the discovery of numerous very anomalous skulls scattered amongst the many remains found there, and uncovered at what appears to be a sacred well adorned with statues of a goddess.
The skulls in question were immediately striking in that they were abnormally elongated and larger than normal human skulls, and further analysis showed that some displayed some kind of mysterious genetic abnormality, while others held evidence that their skulls had been intentionally bound to make them that way, similar to a practice among priests in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and South America. A few of the skulls are very odd indeed, showing an inconsistent pattern of, and in one case a complete lack of, the cranial “knitting,” a line across the skull denoting the fusing of cranial plates, also called the fossa median, which are the plates of the skull that are separate in infancy and later join together into adulthood. This baffled the researchers who looked at them, as there is no known genetic abnormality or mutation in humans. Most of the strange skulls also demonstrated evidence of having undergone some mysterious surgical procedure, with three small holes drilled into the head for unknown reasons.
These bizarre skulls prompted wide speculation at the time, and still do. Why did these individuals have these mysterious elongated skulls and what was its significance? One of the earlier ideas was that these remains represented a whole new race of humans or a new mutation, while others suggested it had some religious implication or was some sort of sign of status. There was also the idea that these could have been settlers from Egypt, where the elongation of skulls was a documented practice, or were descendants from an unknown Maltese tribe or lost civilization. Other more far-out theories have been that these are the remains of ancient aliens or interdimensional travelers, while others say that they were attempts to enhance psychic abilities, or even that they were the remnants of the displaced population of the lost continent of Atlantis.
One of the mysterious Malta skulls
It is hard to say for sure because the skulls themselves have been so little-studied, and remain cloaked in shadow. After their discovery, 11 of the bizarre skulls were put on display at the Archeological Museum of the Valletta, after which they were suddenly removed without explanation, with access strictly limited, making it nearly impossible for anyone to adequately study them. Indeed, some of the only evidence that we have that they ever even existed at all are some photos and records by Maltese researchers Dr. Anton Mifsud and Dr. Charles Savona Ventura. Adding to the mystery is the fact that apparently several of the skulls have gone missing over the years, with only 6 of the original 11 remaining. What happened to the others? No one knows, and it has added a layer of dark government conspiracies and cover-ups upon the whole thing. As a result of all of this, the weird skulls of Malta have remained hotly debated and their exact origins unknown.
While we don’t know exactly where they came from or why they were there, these skulls are not even the most outlandish mystery of the Hypogeum. In the 1930s, a worker from the British Embassy by the name of Lois Jessop came forward with a truly bizarre account from down in the depths of the Hypogeum. She claimed that she had been exploring the ancient subterranean tunnels on a guided tour by candlelight when she came to burial chamber with a steep drop that plunged down into the murk. When she used her candle to look down through the darkness she claims that she saw something very strange down there in the abyss, and she looked down there as someone held onto her sash to keep her from falling, and would explain of what happened next:
I held my candle higher and peered down into the abyss, thinking that with this dangerous drop it was better not to go on further without a guide. Then I saw about twenty persons of giant stature emerge from an opening deep below me. They were walking in single file along another narrow ledge down below. Their height I judged to be about twenty to twenty-five feet, since their heads came up about half way on the wall on the opposite side of the cave. They were covered in long white hair, combed downward and shaggy looking. They walked very slowly, taking long strides. Then they all stopped, turned and raised their heads in my direction. All simultaneously raised their arms and with their hands beckoned to me. The movement was something like snatching or feeling for something, as the palms of their hands were turned down.
Things get even spookier a few weeks later, when Jessop claimed that there had been a group of 30 students and some teachers who had gone down into the very same chamber, only to mysteriously vanish after the cave collapsed behind them. Screams and cries for help could purportedly be heard echoing out from somewhere within for days, even as search parties looked and failed to find them, before finally giving way to silence. Their bodies were never found. After this, the government then supposedly went in and boarded up the tunnels, closing them to the public. Jessop’s tale was published in the publication The Journal of Borderland Research, but her veracity has been controversial since she would go on in later years to express an intense interest in UFOs and even become head of a UFO research organization. Was her account true, and if so what did she see down there? Who knows?
Other oddities of the Hypogeum have been uncovered in recent years as well. For instance, it has been found that the cave consistently produces sound frequencies that fall within the range of 110 to 111 hertz, which is known to have physical and mental effects and is too consistent to have been an accident. It is thought that this place was specifically chosen and designed for this effect, and that it served some as yet unknown purpose for these people or beings. With its air of mystery, unclear origins, unidentified remains, mystical features, and its otherworldly skulls, the Hypogeum of Malta, which managed to remain hidden from civilization for thousands of years, just may hold many of its enigmas for thousands more.
Archaeologists Find Massive Underground World Belonging To A Long Lost Civilization In Peru
Archaeologists Find Massive Underground World Belonging To A Long Lost Civilization In Peru
Researchers in Peru have discovered a complex underground world belonging to the ancient Chavín culture that has been identified as burial chambers that date back thousands of years.
The culture developed in the northern Andean highlands of Peru from 1,300 and 550 BC. The Chavín extended its influence to other civilizations along the coast. The Ancient Chavin civilization developed advanced knowledge not only in metallurgy, but in soldering, and temperature control. The ancient Chavin used early techniques to develop refined gold work.
Seen in this image are the new underground galleries that have been found containing the first human burials of the Chavin period. Image Credit: Juan Ponce / El Comercio).
Not, researchers have discovered galleries, ceramics and even a place where this civilization carried out burials, located beneath the surface. They say it’s the most important archaeological discovery made in the last 50 years.
Since June of 2018, a team of archaeologists has unearthed three new galleries in an area adjacent to the circular plaza of Chavín. In the place, they have found remarkable pieces of ceramics, utensils and intact human burials.
According to American anthropologist and archaeologist John Rick, in charge of the Archaeological and Conservation Research Program of Chavín, the three discovered galleries come from the late period of this civilization that developed between 1,300 and 550 BC.
The Ministry of Culture estimates that to date only 15% of the area has been explored. Image Credit: Juan Ponce / El Comercio
“What these galleries show is that Chavín has a much larger underground world than we think,” said Rick.
Inside one of these underground galleries, archeologists discovered artifacts that belonged to the later Huaraz culture.
These successive occupations, found at different levels in the archaeological complex demonstrate the cultural and religious importance that Chavin had in the central highlands for centuries.
The project’s specialists used small robots with built-in micro-cameras to carry out the explorations. These machines – designed on site by engineers from Stanford University – entered very small areas and discovered cavities in the Chavin labyrinths, where pottery was preserved.
Chavin de Huantar was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. So far 35 interconnected underground passageways have been found at the site, Peru’s culture ministry said.
Adding to the mystery has been claims that all the monuments of Giza in the African nation were perfectly aligned with certain constellations.
Many have argued for decades that ancestors in Egypt were physically unable to build the incredible Pyramids of Giza.
They suggest that advanced lifeforms from space passed on their knowledge or created the monuments before civilisations emerged.
One conspiracy website outerworlds.com dedicates a whole section to the argument that "aliens built the pyramids”, reports Express.co.uk.
DAILY MYSTERIES
IMPOSSIBLE: Theorists claim it would have been impossible for humans to build the Pyramids
DAILY MYSTERIES
MYSTERY: Some believe intelligent lifeforms were responsible for the Pyramids of Giza
The theory then says because two diagonal lines extend from the pyramids on either side of the Nile River delta, the early Egyptians could not have known this when building them.
It says: "How could the Egyptians possibly have built their pyramid facing the exact magnetic North Pole without even having a compass?
"Those aliens, abundant in their knowledge and drowning in technology, came along and using their compasses, they landed on earth and found the actual magnetic north and south poles.
“Then they built the pyramids."
“Those aliens, abundant in their knowledge and drowning in technology, built the pyramids.”
Outerworlds.com
But theorists claim the Pyramids were just one of a number of incredible structures built thousands of years ago when it would not have been possible with technology of the age.
The potential alien buildings include Stonehenge in Wiltshire which boasts stones weighing as much as 50 tonnes, and a 1,000-year-old interlocking stone fortress outside the Inca capital of Cusco in Peru.
In the same South American country, the 800 long and straight Nasca Lines which feature 300 geometric shapes and 70 figures of animals are another creation of wonder linked to ancients ETs.
And some claim aliens were also responsible for the 900 human stone figures on Easter Island in the South Pacific Ocean, which date back more than 1,000 years.
Following notes written by an English traveler in the early 19th century and two French pilots in the 1950s, Pierre Tallet made a stunning discovery: a set of 30 caves honeycombed into limestone hills but sealed up and hidden from view in a remote part of the Egyptian desert, a few miles inland from the Red Sea, far from any city, ancient or modern. During his first digging season, in 2011, he established that the caves had served as a kind of boat storage depot during the fourth dynasty of the Old Kingdom, about 4,600 years ago. Then, in 2013, during his third digging season, he came upon something quite unexpected: entire rolls of papyrus, some a few feet long and still relatively intact, written in hieroglyphics as well as hieratic, the cursive script the ancient Egyptians used for everyday communication. Tallet realized that he was dealing with the oldest known papyri in the world.
Astonishingly, the papyri were written by men who participated in the building of the Great Pyramid, the tomb of the Pharaoh Khufu, the first and largest of the three colossal pyramids at Giza just outside modern Cairo. Among the papyri was the journal of a previously unknown official named Merer, who led a crew of some 200 men who traveled from one end of Egypt to the other picking up and delivering goods of one kind or another. Merer, who accounted for his time in half-day increments, mentions stopping at Tura, a town along the Nile famous for its limestone quarry, filling his boat with stone and taking it up the Nile River to Giza. In fact, Merer mentions reporting to “the noble Ankh-haf,” who was known to be the half-brother of the Pharaoh Khufu and now, for the first time, was definitively identified as overseeing some of the construction of the Great Pyramid. And since the pharaohs used the Tura limestone for the pyramids’ outer casing, and Merer’s journal chronicles the last known year of Khufu’s reign, the entries provide a never-before-seen snapshot of the ancients putting finishing touches on the Great Pyramid.
Experts are thrilled by this trove of papyri. Mark Lehner, the head of Ancient Egypt Research Associates, who has worked on the pyramids and the Sphinx for 40 years, has said it may be as close as he is likely to get to time-traveling back to the age of the pyramid builders. Zahi Hawass, the Egyptian archaeologist, and formerly the chief inspector of the pyramid site and minister of antiquities, says that it is “the greatest discovery in Egypt in the 21st century.”
Tallet himself is careful to speak in more measured terms. “The century is at the beginning,” he says at one of his digs along the Red Sea. “One must not enlarge this kind of find.” Was he very emotional when he came upon the cache of papyri? “You know, when you are working like that all the day for one month you cannot realize at once what happens.”
Tallet has been toiling quietly on the periphery of the ancient Egyptian Empire—from the Libyan Desert to the Sinai and the Red Sea—for more than 20 years without attracting much notice, until now. He finds it both amusing and mildly annoying that his discoveries are suddenly attracting attention in the scholarly press and popular media. “It’s because the papyri are speaking of the Pyramid of Khufu,” he says.
We are standing in an encampment in a desert valley a couple of hundred yards from the Red Sea near the modern Egyptian resort town called Ayn Soukhna. Tallet and his crew—part French, part Egyptian—sleep in rows of tents set up near the archaeological site. Above the tents is a steep sandstone hillside into which the ancient Egyptians carved deep caves, or galleries, in which they stored their boats. Tallet leads us up the hillside and clambers on a rocky trail along the cliff face. You can see the outlines of a set of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs carved delicately into the stone. There is the royal seal of Mentuhotep IV, a little-known pharaoh who ruled for just two years in about 2,000 B.C. And right below there are three lines of a hieroglyphic inscription proclaiming the achievements of the pharaoh, which Tallet translates: “In year one of the king, they sent a troop of 3,000 men to fetch copper, turquoise and all the good products of the desert.”
On a clear day you can see the Sinai Desert about 40 miles away across the Red Sea from where we stand. Before these recent excavations, the ancient Egyptians were not widely known to be notable sea travelers, and were thought to confine themselves to moving up and down the Nile or hugging the Mediterranean coast. The work that Tallet and others have done in the last two decades has shown that the ancient Egyptian Empire was as ambitious in its outward reach as it was in building upward in its colossal monuments at Giza.
Tallet, a short, almost bald man of 49, wears wire-rimmed glasses and, on this day, a tan wool sweater vest. He looks like someone you would be more likely to encounter in a Paris library or office than in a desert camp. Indeed he is soft-spoken, choosing his words with scholarly scruple and carefully citing the contributions of other scholars, and he likes working in remote locations far from the hubbub at the monumental sites, royal tombs and palaces and necropolises that have generally captured the world’s attention. “What I love are desert places,” he says. “I would not like to excavate places like Giza and Saqqara.” (Saqqara is where early Egyptian pharaohs built some of their tombs before beginning the pyramid complex at Giza.) “I am not so fond of excavating graves. I like natural landscapes.” At the same time, he has professional reasons for preferring remote sites over famous monuments. “Most new evidence is found in the periphery,” he says.
Tallet’s taste for the periphery goes back to the beginning of his career. Tallet grew up in Bordeaux, the son of a high-school French teacher (his father) and a professor of English literature (his mother). After studying at Paris’ famous École Normale Supérieure, Tallet went to Egypt to do an alternative military service by teaching in an Egyptian high school; he stayed on to work at the French Institute, where he began his archaeological work. He scoured the edges of the Egyptian world—the Libyan desert on one end, the Sinai Desert on the other—looking for, and finding, previously unknown Egyptian rock inscriptions. “I love rock inscriptions, they give you a page of history without excavating,” he says. In the Sinai he also found abundant evidence that the ancient Egyptians mined turquoise and copper, the latter essential for making weapons as well as tools. This, in turn, fit with his discovery of the harbor at Ayn Soukhna that the Egyptians would have used to reach the Sinai. “You see,” he says, “there is a logic in things.”
The area was not recognized as an ancient Egyptian site until 1997 when the cliffside hieroglyphs were noted by an Egyptian archaeologist. Ayn Soukhna has gradually become a popular weekend destination, and since the construction of a larger, faster highway about ten years ago, it is now only about a two-hour drive from Cairo. Across the road from Tallet’s site is an older Egyptian hotel closed for renovation, which allows his crew to work in peace, sifting through the area between the boat galleries up in the hillside and the sea. They are finding the remains of ovens for smelting copper and preparing food as well as quotidian objects such as mats and storage pots.
Sixty-two miles south of Ayn Soukhna, along the Red Sea coast, is Tallet’s second archaeological site, at Wadi al-Jarf, and it’s even more obscure. Among the only landmarks in the vicinity is the Monastery of Saint Paul the Anchorite, a Coptic Orthodox outpost founded in the fifth century near the cave, which had been inhabited by their hermitic patron saint. The area is almost the definition of the middle of nowhere, which is probably why it long failed to attract the attention of either archaeologists or looters. The remoteness also helps explain why the papyri left in the desert there survived for thousands of years. Precisely because administrative centers like Memphis and Giza were occupied and reused for centuries—and then picked over or looted repeatedly in the intervening millennia—the survival rate of fragile papyri from the early dynasties there has been close to zero.
Among the few people to take note of the place before Tallet was the British explorer John Gardner Wilkinson, who passed by in 1823 and described it in his travel notes: “Near the ruins is a small knoll containing eighteen excavated chambers, beside, perhaps, many others, the entrance of which are no longer visible. We went into those where the doors were the least obstructed by the sand or decayed rock, and found them to be catacombs; they are well cut and vary from about 80 to 24 feet, by 5; their height may be from 6 to 8 feet.”
Perhaps associating the area with the monastery, Wilkinson took the gallery complex to be a series of catacombs. But the description of this series of carefully cut chambers carved into the rock sounded to Tallet exactly like the boat storage galleries he was busy excavating at Ayn Soukhna. (They also looked like the galleries at another ancient port, Mersa Gawasis, then being excavated by Kathryn A. Bard of Boston University and Rodolfo Fattovich of the University of Naples L’Orientale.) Moreover, two French pilots who were based in the Suez Gulf in the mid-1950s had noted the site, but didn’t associate it with the harbor. Tallet tracked down one of the pilots and, using his notes, Wilkinson’s description and GPS technology, figured out the location. It was two years later that Tallet and his crew began clearing out a small passageway at the entrance to the boat galleries, between two large stone blocks that had been used to seal the caves. Here they found entire papyrus scrolls, including Merer’s journal. The ancients, Tallet says, “threw all the papyri inside, some of them were still tied with a rope, probably as they were closing the site.”
Wadi al-Jarf lies where the Sinai is a mere 35 miles away, so close you can see the mountains in the Sinai that were the entry to the mining district. The Egyptian site has yielded many revelations along with the trove of papyri. In the harbor, Tallet and his team found an ancient L-shaped stone jetty more than 600 feet long that was built to create a safe harbor for boats. They found some 130 anchors—nearly quadrupling the number of ancient Egyptian anchors located. The 30 gallery-caves carefully dug into the mountainside—ranging from 50 to more than 100 feet in length—were triple the number of boat galleries at Ayn Soukhna. For a harbor constructed 4,600 years ago, this was an enterprise on a truly grand scale.
Yet it was used for a very short time. All the evidence that Tallet and his colleagues have gathered indicates that the harbor was active in the fourth dynasty, concentrated during the reign of one pharaoh, Khufu. What emerges clearly from Tallet’s excavation is that the port was crucial to the pyramid-building project. The Egyptians needed massive amounts of copper—the hardest metal then available—with which to cut the pyramid stones. The principal source of copper was the mines in the Sinai just opposite Wadi al-Jarf. The reason that the ancients abandoned the harbor in favor of Ayn Soukhna would appear to be logistical: Ayn Soukhna is only about 75 miles from the capital of ancient Egypt. Reaching Wadi al-Jarf involved a considerably longer overland trip, even though it was closer to the Sinai mining district.
After visiting Wadi al-Jarf, Lehner, the American Egyptologist, was bowled over by the connections between Giza and this distant harbor. “The power and purity of the site is so Khufu,” he said. “The scale and ambition and sophistication of it—the size of these galleries cut out of rock like the Amtrak train garages, these huge hammers made out of hard black diorite they found, the scale of the harbor, the clear and orderly writing of the hieroglyphs of the papyri, which are like Excel spreadsheets of the ancient world—all of it has the clarity, power and sophistication of the pyramids, all the characteristics of Khufu and the early fourth dynasty.”
Tallet is convinced that harbors such as Wadi al-Jarf and Ayn Soukhna served mainly as supply hubs. Since there were few sources of food in the Sinai, Merer and other managers were responsible for getting food from Egypt’s rich agricultural lands along the Nile to the thousands of men working in the Sinai mine fields, as well as retrieving the copper and turquoise from the Sinai. In all likelihood, they operated the harbor only during the spring and summer when the Red Sea was relatively calm. They then dragged the boats up to the rock face and stored them in the galleries for safekeeping until the next spring.
Ancient Egypt’s maritime activities also served political and symbolic purposes, Tallet argues. It was important for the Egyptian kings to demonstrate their presence and control over the whole national territory, especially its more remote parts, in order to assert the essential unity of Egypt. “Sinai had great symbolic importance for them as it was one of the farthest points they could reach,” Tallet says. “In the Sinai the inscriptions are explaining the mightiness of the king, the wealth of the king, how the king is governing its country. On the outer limits of the Egyptian universe you have a need to show the power of the king.”
In fact, their control of the periphery was rather fragile. Distant and inhospitable Sinai, with its barren landscape and hostile Bedouin inhabitants, represented a challenge for the pharaohs; one inscription records an Egyptian expedition massacred by Bedouin warriors, Tallet says. Nor were the Egyptians always able to hold on to their camps along the Red Sea. “We have evidence from Ayn Soukhna that the site was destroyed several times. There was a big fire in one of the galleries....It was probably difficult for them to control the area.”
Apparently all parts of Egypt were involved in the great building project at Giza. Granite came from Aswan far to the south, food from the delta in the north near the Mediterranean, and limestone from Tura, about 12 miles south of Cairo on the Nile. The burst of maritime activity was also driven by the monumental undertaking. “It is certain that the shipbuilding was made necessary by the gigantism of the royal building projects,” Tallet writes in a recent essay, “and that the great majority of the boats were intended for the navigation of the Nile and the transport of materials along the river, but the development of Wadi al-Jarf exactly in the same period allows us to see without doubt the logical extension, this time toward the Red Sea, of this project of the Egyptian state.”
If you think it’s something to behold now, you should have seen the Great Pyramid back in the day. Watch the Smithsonian Channel’s “Secrets: Great Pyramid” to see what the site looked like before air pollution and the elements darkened its surface. Check local listings.
Working on the royal boats, it seems, was a source of prestige. According to the papyri found at Wadi al-Jarf, the laborers ate well, and were provisioned with meat, poultry, fish and beer. And among the inscriptions that Tallet and his team have found at the Wadi al-Jarf gallery complex is one, on a large jar fashioned there, hinting at ties to the pharaoh; it mentions “Those Who Are Known of Two Falcons of Gold,” a reference to Khufu. “You have all sorts of private inscriptions, of officials who were involved in these mining expeditions to the Sinai,” Tallet says. “I think it was a way to associate themselves to something that was very important to the king and this was a reason to be preserved for eternity for the individuals.” Clearly these workers were valued servants of the state.
The discovery of the papyri at such a distant location is significant, Tallet says: “It is not very logical that [the writings] should have ended up at Wadi al-Jarf. Of course [the managers] would have always traveled with their archives because they were expected always to account for their time. I think the reason we found [the papyri] there is that this was the last mission of the team, I imagine because of the death of the king. I think they just stopped everything and closed up the galleries and then as they were leaving buried the archives in the area between the two large stones used to seal the complex. The date on the papyri seems to be the last date we have for the reign of Khufu, the 27th year of his reign.”
The work that Tallet and his colleagues have done along the Red Sea connects with Lehner’s work at Giza. In the late 1980s, Lehner began a full-scale excavation of what has turned out to be a residential area a few hundred yards from the pyramids and the Sphinx. For centuries, travelers had contemplated these amazing monuments in splendid isolation—man-made mountains and one of the world’s great sculptures sitting seemingly alone in the desert. The paucity of evidence of the substantial number of people needed to undertake this massive project gave rise to many bizarre alternative theories about the pyramids (they were built by space aliens, by the people from Atlantis and so forth). But in 1999, Lehner began uncovering apartment blocks that might have housed as many as 20,000 people.
And many of the Giza residents, like the boatmen at the Red Sea, appear to have been well-fed. Judging by remains at the site, they were eating a great deal of beef, some of it choice cuts. Beef cattle were mostly raised in rural estates and then perhaps taken by boat to the royal settlements at Memphis and Giza, where they were slaughtered. Pigs, by contrast, tended to be eaten by the people who produced the food. Archaeologists study the “cattle to pig” ratio as an indication of the extent to which workers were supplied by the central authority or by their own devices—and the higher the ratio, the more elite the occupants. At Lehner’s “Lost City of the Pyramids” (as he sometimes calls it), “the ratio of cattle to pig for the entire site stands at 6:1, and for certain areas 16:1,” he writes of those well-stocked areas. Other, rather exotic items such as leopard’s teeth (perhaps from a priest’s robe), hippopotamus bones (carved by craftsmen) and olive branches (evidence of trade with the Levant) have also turned up in some of the same places, suggesting that the people who populated Lehner’s working village were prized specialists.
Sailors may have figured among the visitors to the pyramid town, according to Merer’s papyrus journal. It mentions carrying stone both up to the lake or basin of Khufu and to the “horizon of Khufu,” generally understood to refer to the Great Pyramid. How did Merer get his boat close enough to the pyramids to unload his cargo of stone? Currently, the Nile is several miles from Giza. But the papyri offer important support for a hypothesis that Lehner had been developing for several years—that the ancient Egyptians, masters of canal building, irrigation and otherwise redirecting the Nile to suit their needs, built a major harbor or port near the pyramid complex at Giza. Accordingly, Merer transported the limestone from Tura all the way to Giza by boat. “I think the Egyptians intervened in the flood plain as dramatically as they did on the Giza Plateau,” Lehner says, adding: “The Wadi al-Jarf papyri are a major piece in the overall puzzle of the Great Pyramid.”
Tallet, characteristically, is more cautious. “I really don’t want to be involved in any polemics on the building of the pyramids at Giza—it’s not my job,” he says. “Of course it’s interesting to have this kind of information, it will deserve a lot of study.”
Tallet believes that the Lake of Khufu, to which Merer refers, was more likely located at Abusir, another important royal site about ten miles south of Giza. “If it is too close to Giza,” Tallet says, “one does not understand why it takes Merer a full day to sail from this site to the pyramid.” But Tallet has been persuaded by Lehner’s evidence of a major port at Giza. It makes perfect sense, he says, that the Egyptians would have found a way to transport construction materials and food by boat rather than dragging them across the desert. “I am not sure it would have been possible at all times of the year,” he said. “They had to wait for the flooding, and could have existed for perhaps six months a year.” By his estimate the ports along the Red Sea were only working for a few months a year—as it happens, roughly when Nile floods would have filled the harbor at Giza. “It all fits very nicely.
The World’s Oldest Piece of Architecture Tells a New Story About How Civilization Developed
The World’s Oldest Piece of Architecture Tells a New Story About How Civilization Developed
via flickr user tonynetone. Licensed under CC BY 2.0
Located in south-east Turkey, the 11,000-year-old Göbekli Tepe is considered to be the world’s oldest temple, greatly surpassing England’s Stonehenge, and the Egyptian pyramids. The ancient site, awarded Unesco World Heritage status in July 2018, predates pottery, writing, and the wheel, leading archaeologists such as its discoverer Klaus Schmidt to ask if Göbekli Tepe may, in fact, be not only the world’s first piece of architecture but a crucial catalyst for the onset of settled societies.
Spread across eight hectares near the city of Sanliurfa, the Göbekli Tepe is an artificial mound hosting a series of sunken circular structures adorned with limestone carvings, believed to have been occupied for thousands of years before their abandonment.
via flickr user 13802839@N05. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
The 11,000-year-old structure was first encountered in the modern age by a team of anthropologists from the University of Chicago and Istanbul University in the 1960s. However, its significance was only truly revealed by German archaeologist Klaus Schmidt in 1994.
The structures contain massive stone carvings made by prehistoric people who had not developed metal tools, pottery, or farming techniques. With no evidence that people had permanently resided on the hill itself, it is believed that the Göbekli Tepe was an unprecedented place of worship, or as Schmidt describes it, humanity’s first “cathedral on a hill.”
via flickr user rstiller. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
Years of excavations slowly revealed T-shaped monolithic limestone columns arranged in circles, with larger inscribed columns at its center reaching up to five meters in height. Once the stone rings were carved, placed upright and finished, prehistoric builders covered them with dirt before placing another ring nearby or on top.
Over time, this repeated action created a layered hilltop place of worship. The intricate though unexplained carvings of abstract humans and animals on the stone pillars are of particular fascination, given their creation 6000 years before the invention of writing. While Schmidt is certain that Göbekli Tepe is a religious structure, a definitive theory of what its function was, who it was dedicated to, or who is buried within, remains out of reach for now.
via flickr user rstiller. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
The intrigue of Göbekli Tepe revolves less around its function, and more around its potential to invert our understanding of how civilization developed. Experts had long argued that the time, planning, and resources needed to construct such structures would only be possible in a settled, agrarian society. The discovery of Göbekli Tepe leads Schmidt to theorize the opposite – that the desire to construct such intricate architectural works may have been the catalyst for the development of complex societies.
Schmidt argues that Göbekli Tepe would have required hundreds of hands, all requiring housing and food. While the discovery of animal bones at the site suggest that hunter-gathering was still a common practice at the time, this method alone could not have sustained the labor force required to construct such an elaborate temple.
via flickr user orientalizing. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
Schmidt believes that the builders of Göbekli Tepe were on the verge of a major change in how people lived, with evidence of hunter-gathering combining with the raw materials of basic farming, such as wild sheep and grains with domestic potential.
The discovery of domesticated animals and grain in a nearby prehistoric village believed to be 500 years newer would further suggests that Göbekli Tepe’s construction coincided with a crucial revolutionary move humans made from nomadic hunter-gathering to the settled, agrarian societies which would ultimately become the genesis for urban settlements we know today.
via flickr user orientalizing. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
Archaeologists have discovered the remains of a lost city in China that thrived more than 4,000 years ago.
On a ridge above China’s Tuwei River, researchers found a massive stepped pyramid that once served as a palace center, along with defensive stone walls, tool-making debris, and several pits filled with sacrificial human skulls.
The Bronze Age discoveries challenge our understanding of early Chinese civilization and settlement, suggesting the loess highland was home to a complex society long before the traditionally assumed ‘centers’ emerged in the Central Plains.
Archaeologists have discovered the remains of a lost city in China that thrived more than 4,000 years ago. The pyramid was build out of a loess hill, with 11 massive steps tapering as they ascend, as shown above
The ancient city dubbed Shimao was home to a pyramid that stood at least 230 feet tall (70 meters), and was guarded by a huge inner and outer wall.
Thousands of years ago when it flourished, from about 2300 BC to 1800 BC, the city spanned about 988 acres.
The pyramid was build out of a loess hill, with 11 massive steps tapering as they ascend, the researchers write in a paper published to the journal Antiquity.
Beyond the entrance, they found a ‘large open plaza where rituals and political gatherings may have been held.’
According to the researchers, palaces were built atop the huge pyramid out of rammed earth with wooden pillars and roofing tiles.
The ancient city dubbed Shimao was home to a pyramid that stood at least 230 feet tall (70 meters), and was guarded by a huge inner and outer wall. Thousands of years ago when it flourished, from about 2300 BC to 1800 BC, the city spanned about 988 acres
On a ridge above China’s Tuwei River, researcher found a massive stepped pyramid that once served as a palace center, along with defensive stone walls, tool-making debris, and a pit filled with sacrificial human skulls
It’s thought that the ruling elites lived atop the pyramid complex, which was likely also the site of artisanal or industrial craft production.
Eyes and anthropomorphic stone faces were found carved into the façade of the pyramid.
‘With its imposing height of at least 70 m, the pyramid could be seen from everywhere within the settlement, from the suburbs and even the rural fringes.
‘Thus it could well have provided a constant and overwhelming reminder to the Shimao population of the power of the ruling elites residing atop it – a concrete example of the ‘social pyramid.’
It’s thought that the ruling elites lived atop the pyramid complex, which was likely also the site of artisanal or industrial craft production
Researchers say mass sacrifices were also commonplace at Shimao, with six pits containing decapitated human heads discovered at the site on the outer rampart alone.
Human remains and jade objects associated with sacrifice were found at other Shimao monuments, as well.
‘The jade objects and human sacrifice may have imbued the very walls of Shimao with ritual and religious potency, amplifying its significance as a monumental center, enhancing the protective efficacy of the walls and making this a place of power in every sense,’ the authors wrote.
Beyond the entrance, they found a ‘large open plaza where rituals and political gatherings may have been held.’ According to the researchers, palaces were built atop the huge pyramid out of rammed earth with wooden pillars and roofing tiles
WHAT HAVE RESEARCHERS FOUND AT THE SHIMAO RUINS?
The Shimao Ruins is the site of a neolithic stone city in the northern province of Shaanxi, China.
The site was first discovered in 1976 when archaeologists thought it was a small town, but more of the city has since been recovered.
Measuring 4 square kilometres, it is the largest of its kind in Neolithic China, China.org reported.
They believe it had ‘magnificent’ stone walls for inner and outer structures.
Experts have also discovered large quantities of precious carved jade, which indicate it was a wealthy and important city at the time.
Archaeologists have also found a mural at the site, which they think could be among the oldest in China at around 4,000 years old.
Notably, the researchers say the discoveries are indicative of Shimao’s status as carefully constructed civilization.
‘This research reveals that by 2000 BC, the loess highland was home to a complex society representing the political and economic heartland,’ the authors wrote.
‘Significantly, it was found that Later Bronze Age core symbols associated with Central plains civilization were, in fact, created much earlier at Shimao.’
The Bronze Age discoveries challenge our understanding of early Chinese civilization and settlement, suggesting the loess highland was home to a complex society long before the traditionally assumed ‘centers’ emerged in the Central Plains
“In the center of that frame is a man sitting, bending forward. He has a mask on his nose, he uses his two hands to manipulate some controls, and the heel of his left foot is on a kind of pedal with different adjustments. The rear portion is separated from him; he is sitting on a complicated chair, and outside of this whole frame, you see a little flame like an exhaust…”
Mayans - Tomb of King Pacal - Palenque, Mexico
Fans of Erich Von Daniken will recognize that quote from “Chariots of the Gods” describing the inscriptions on the lid of the sarcophagus of one K’inich Janaab Pakal I — a.k.a Pacal, Pacal the Great and the “Astronaut of Palenque.” That last epithet refers directly to one particular engraving on the slab which looks like a man in a spaceship that is similar to a U.S. space capsule which, coincidentally, was a popular image in 1968 when the book was written. Much was written about the book, both agreeing with and disputing the theory. While it was never clear if the man was Pacal, that may change with the discovery of a mask believed to have been worn by the longest-reigning Mayan leader. Is this the proof of ancient astronauts?
According to a press release, the discovery was made by Jorge Gutiérrez, Culture Secretary, Diego Prieto, Head of the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH); Carlos Morelos, Municipal President of Palenque, and Carlos Suárez Deputy Secretary for Culture in that Unit. The researchers were working in House E of Palenque’s Palace building while work was being done to deal with water problems in the area. Coincidentally, the artifacts found with the mask related to water too, according to archaeologist Benito Vengas Durán. (Photos here.)
“During this process, under the (mask) head there were figurines, ceramic pieces, smallplates, a lot of fish bones, which gives insight of a possible relationship with aquatics.”
What makes these researchers so sure this is a mask of Pacal? The Mayans were known to attempt to depict the features of their leaders accurately. The mask has an “outbreak in the mouth” which would be common for someone who was very old in this era of poor medical care — Pakal lived and ruled until the age of 80.
Palenque
The real question is, is this the mask of an ancient alien – and if so, was Pacal really the Astronaut of Palenque? Von Daniken’s theory has been discounted by many who believe the lid of the sarcophagus depicts the World Tree and merely symbolizes Pacal’s death and journey to the afterlife. There is still doubt about the identity of the bones in the coffin, especially the teeth which were in remarkably good shape of an 80-year-old. The answer from skeptics is most likely “no.”
The answer from the Mexican tourism bureau is more likely to be, “Come on down and visit Palenque, where we may or may not have found the mask of the Astronaut of Palenque!”
This article is about a mysterious discovery, that was once claimed to have been made, deep within cave systems within Ecuador which some believe, were originally man made.
A discovery, that although now concealed from the world, was photographed, studied and documented, thanks to the array of artefacts, which had been amassed by an individual known as father Crespi.
An entire, seemingly alien metallic library, completed with hundreds of sheets of gold, platinum, and other precious metals, hammered out to reveal an astonishing, unknown language, clearly left by a people of tremendous capabilities.
The caves in which this find is claimed to have been made, is known as Cueva de los Tayos.
And although any such discovery is denied by the Ecuadorian authorities, the Ecuadorian and interesting united kingdom’s governments, funded an extensive search of the cave systems, soon after the claims became public.
It attracted the attention of numerous individual, who travelled into the depths of these caves, including Neil Armstrong, the first man on the moon.
What Mystery History wishes to focus on this video however, is the enormous, seemingly man-made caverns, which are to be found within the cave systems.
They feel, if these cave systems are indeed one day admitted, as having once been artificially hewn from the bedrock, then this would undeniably reveal tremendous flaws in academia’s claims, as to the geology and indeed true history of the area.
The cave system is so enormous, it has yet to be fully explored by modern man, yet what has been explored, has revealed highly compelling features, which corroborate earlier claims of an artificial origin.
The Moricz portal for example, named after Juan Moricz, the individual who claims to have originally discovered the metallic library, is clearly of an artificial nature.
The question is, why go to such lengths to construct this natural looking cave system?
Was it all created merely to hide this library?
And if so, how important could the information held within be?
And why did such a find, attract the attention of the first man on the moon?
Did the astronaut know something we are yet to discover?
Juan Moricz signed affidavit dated 8 July 1969, in which, he confessed to a meeting with the Ecuadorian president, where he received complete control over his discovery, provided he could produce photographic evidence, and an independent witness corroborating the discovery.
When Moricz met with von Däniken in 1972, he took him to a secret entrance, through which, they entered a large artificial hall within cave system.
Apparently, von Däniken never got to see the library itself, he wrote in his book, The Gold of the Gods: quote:
“The passages all form perfect right angles. Sometimes they are narrow, sometimes wide. The walls are smooth and often seem to be polished. The ceilings are flat and at times look as if they were covered with a kind of glaze…My doubts about the existence of the underground tunnels vanished as if by magic, and I felt tremendously happy. Moricz said passages like those extended for hundreds of miles, under the soils of Ecuador and Peru.” End quote.
It seems unquestionable whether sections of cuevas de los tayos, were indeed man-made, we feel the question now is, who went to these unimaginable efforts, so far back within history?
Why create such a place deep within the earth, with such an intended illusion of natural origin, if you did not seek to hide something?
Many still believe that the truth is still hidden deep inside its unexplored caverns, a truth that will force us to completely rewrite the history of mankind.
Even today, the caves remain the obsession of many explorers, seeking to find the answer to its artificially created blocks of stone.
Are the legends true surrounding Cuevos De Los Tayos?
Did it once indeed contain an ancient metallic library, left to us by an ancient civilization?
Geological evidence proves that the Great Sphinx is 800,000 years old
Geological evidence proves that the Great Sphinx is 800,000 years old
One of the most mysterious and mysterious monuments on the surface of the planet is, without a doubt, the Great Sphinx on the Giza Plateau in Egypt. It is an ancient building that has astounded researchers since its discovery and to this day no one has been able to date the sphinx accurately, as there are no written records or mentions of it in the past.
Now two Ukrainian researchers have put forward a new provocative theory in which they suggest that the Great Sphinx of Egypt is about 800,000 years old. A revolutionary theory supported by scientific knowledge.
The authors of this paper are scientists Manichev Vjacheslav I. (Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) and Alexander G. Parkhomenko (Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine).
The starting point for these two experts is the paradigm shift initiated by West and Schoch, a "debate" to overcome the orthodox view of Egyptology, which refers to possible distant origins of Egyptian civilization, and on the other hand physical evidence of water erosion that is present at the monuments of the Giza Plateau.
Manichev and Parkhomenko explain: The problem of dating the construction of the Great Sphinx of Egypt still exists despite the long history of research. Geological approaches in conjunction with other scientific methods make it possible to answer the question of the relative age of the Sphinx.
The visual examination of the sphinx led to the conclusion that water from large waters, which partially flooded the monument, played an important role in the formation of undulating depressions on its vertical walls. The morphology of these formations shows an analogy to similar cavities formed by the sea in the coastal zones.
The genetic similarity of the compared erosion forms and the geological structure and petrographic composition of the sedimentary rock complexes lead to the conclusion that the decisive factor for the destruction of the historical monument is rather the wave energy than the sand abrasion in the aeolian process.
Extensive geological literature confirms the existence of long-lived freshwater lakes in different periods of the Quaternary from the Lower Pleistocene to the Holocene. These lakes were scattered over the areas bordering the Nile. The absolute marking of the upper large erosion cave of the sphinx corresponds to the water surface level reached in the early Pleistocene. The Great Egyptian Sphinx had thus already stood on the Giza plateau at this geological (historical) time.
There are certain archeological finds that are worthy of being described as something that will “change history as we know it.” Often, the find includes a pyramid where there aren’t any others, a huge lost city, gold and jewels beyond description and, of course, massive human sacrifices. A new discover in China check all of those boxes. Is it change-worthy?
“Evidence so far suggests that the stepped pyramid complex functioned not only as a residential space for ruling Shimao elites, but also as a space for artisanal or industrial craft production.”
When you’re located in close proximity to the Great Wall of China, your identity can easily be absorbed by it. That seems to have been the case with a pile of rubble in Shenmu County, Shaanxi, in central China. Known for centuries as the location of the ancient city of Shimao, the pieces of structural stones were indeed part of a wall, but recent excavation at the site reported in the journal Antiquity and in LiveScience found that the stones were in a wall surrounding an ancient – and quite large — lost city … one that predates the Great Wall by around 1500 years. In fact, while some people were just starting on the Great Wall, the residents of Shimao had already completed a 70-meter (230 foot) step pyramid. Why did the Wall survive while Shimao did not?
Example of a step pyramid
“In the outer gateway of the eastern gate on the outer rampart alone, six pits containing decapitated human heads have been found.”
A team of archaeologists led by Li Jaang, a professor at the School of History at Zhengzhou University, found evidence that a city whose unknown name predate Shimao was located at the site and the surrounding area of almost 1000 acres. Built 4,300 years ago, it would have been one of the largest cities on the world at some point during its 500 year existence. The walls surrounding the city were unusual in that they were made with stone rather than just compressed mounds of dirt and contained pieces of jade between the stones. The walls appeared to be high enough and strong enough to protect the large city from invaders and keep some residents from wandering off … or escaping. Why would they do that?
“Morphological analysis of the human remains suggests that the victims may have been related to the residents of Zhukaigou, which could further suggest that they were taken to Shimao as captives during the expansion of the Shimao polity.”
While the structures of Shimao, especially the palaces and the pyramid, are elaborately designed and decorated with carved jade stones and murals from skilled local craft workers, historians also point out that the citizens were known to the surrounding area as “barbarians.” The size of the city indicates its power over the area and the pyramid is evidence of its religious significance for a culture that practiced extensive human sacrifice.
What caused the downfall of this large and seemingly powerful walled city and religious center at a time when the Great Wall was being built to protect everyone else? That’s still open for further research.
Is this a history-changing discovery? Not yet. What it proves once again is that practicing human sacrifice doesn’t seem to allow cities to survive.
That’s an historical lesson still worth remembering.
Massive Pyramid, Lost City and Ancient Human Sacrifices Unearthed in China
Massive Pyramid, Lost City and Ancient Human Sacrifices Unearthed in China
By Owen Jarus, Live Science Contributor
This figure shows images of the step pyramid. a) part of the stone buttresses of the second and the third steps of the pyramid; b) eye symbols that decorate the pyramid c) a view of the buttresses under excavation; d) a general view of the pyramid before excavation.
Credit: Zhouyong Sun and Jing Shao
A 4,300-year-old city, which has a massive step pyramid that is at least 230 feet (70 meters) high and spans 59 acres (24 hectares) at its base, has been excavated in China, archaeologists reported in the August issue of the journal Antiquity.
The pyramid was decorated with eye symbols and "anthropomorphic," or part-human, part-animal faces. Those figures "may have endowed the stepped pyramid with special religious power and further strengthened the general visual impression on its large audience," the archaeologists wrote in the article. [The 25 Most Mysterious Archaeological Finds on Earth]
For five centuries, a city flourished around the pyramid. At one time, the city encompassed an area of 988 acres (400 hectares), making it one of the largest in the world, the archaeologists wrote. Today, the ruins of the city are called "Shimao," but its name in ancient times is unknown.
The pyramid contains 11 steps, each of which was lined with stone. On the topmost step, there "were extensive palaces built of rammed earth, with wooden pillars and roofing tiles, a gigantic water reservoir, and domestic remains related to daily life," the researchers wrote.
The city's rulers lived in these palaces, and art and craft production were carried out nearby. "Evidence so far suggests that the stepped pyramid complex functioned not only as a residential space for ruling Shimao elites, but also as a space for artisanal or industrial craft production," the archaeologists wrote.
A series of stone walls with ramparts and gates was built around the pyramid and the city. "At the entrance to the stepped pyramid were sophisticated bulwarks [defensive walls] whose design suggests that they were intended to provide both defense and highly restricted access," the archaeologists wrote.
The remains of numerous human sacrifices have been discovered at Shimao. "In the outer gateway of the eastern gate on the outer rampart alone, six pits containing decapitated human heads have been found," the archaeologists wrote.
A sacrificial pit of human skulls discovered at Shimao. The people sacrificed may have been captives captured in war. This photo was first published in 2016 in an article in the Chinese language journal Kaogu yu wenwu.
Credit: Photo courtesy Zhouyong Sun and Jing Shao
Some of the victims may be from another archaeological site called Zhukaigou, which is located to the north of Shimao, and the people of Shimao may have conquered the neighboring site. "Morphological analysis of the human remains suggests that the victims may have been related to the residents of Zhukaigou, which could further suggest that they were taken to Shimao as captives during the expansion of the Shimao polity," the study said. [25 Ancient Cultures that Practiced Human Sacrifice]
Additionally, jade artifacts were inserted into spaces between the blocks in all of Shimao's structures. "The jade objects and human sacrifice may have imbued the very walls of Shimao with ritual and religious potency," the archaeologists wrote.
While archaeologists have known about Shimao for many years, it was once thought to be part of the Great Wall of China, a section of which is located nearby. It wasn't until excavations were carried out in recent years that archaeologists realized that Shimao is far older than the Great Wall, which was built between 2,700 and 400 years ago.
The team of archaeologists that wrote the article includes Li Jaang, a professor at the School of History at Zhengzhou University; Zhouyong Sun and Jing Shao, who are both archaeologists at the Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology; and Min Li, an anthropology professor at UCLA.
Blue-Eyed Immigrants Transformed Ancient Israel 6,500 Years Ago
Blue-Eyed Immigrants Transformed Ancient Israel 6,500 Years Ago
By Mindy Weisberger, Senior Writer
These ossuaries — containers for human remains — from the Chalcolithic Period were excavated at Peqi'in Cave in northern Israel.
Credit: Mariana Salzberger/Courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority
Thousands of years ago in what is now northern Israel, waves of migrating people from the north and east — present-day Iran and Turkey — arrived in the region. And this influx of newcomers had a profound effect, transforming the emerging culture.
What's more, these immigrants not only brought new cultural practices; they also introduced new genes — such as the mutation that produces blue eyes — that were previously unknown in that geographic area, according to a new study.
Archaeologists recently discovered this historic population shift by analyzing DNA from skeletons preserved in an Israeli cave. The site, in the north of the tiny country, contains dozens of burials and more than 600 bodies dating to approximately 6,500 years ago, the scientists reported. [The Holy Land: 7 Amazing Archaeological Finds]
DNA analysis showed that skeletons preserved in the cave were genetically distinct from people who historically lived in that region. And some of the genetic differences matched those of people who lived in neighboring Anatolia and the Zagros Mountains, which are now part of Turkey and Iran, the study found.
Ancient Israel (then called Galilee) belonged to a region known as the southern Levant, part of a larger area, the Levant, which encompasses today's eastern Mediterranean countries. The southern Levant experienced a significant cultural shift during the Late Chalcolithic period, around 4500 B.C.E. to 3800 B.C.E, with denser settlements, more rituals performed in public and a growing use of ossuaries in funerary preparations, the researchers reported.
Though some experts had previously proposed that cultural transformation was driven by people who were native to the southern Levant, the authors of the new study suspected that waves of human migration explained the changes. To find answers, the scientists turned to a burial site in Israel's Peqi’in Cave, in what would have been Upper Galilee 6,500 years ago.
Unraveling an ancestry puzzle
Peqi'in is a natural cave, measuring around 56 feet (17 meters) long and about 16 to 26 feet (5 to 8 m) wide. Inside the cave are decorated jars and burial offerings — along with hundreds of skeletons — suggesting that the location served as a type of mortuary for Chalcolithic people who lived nearby.
However, not all of the cave's contents appeared to have local origins, study co-author Dina Shalem, an archaeologist with the Institute for Galilean Archaeology at Kinneret College in Israel, said in a statement.
"Some of the findings in the cave are typical to the region, but others suggest cultural exchange with remote regions," Shalem said. The artistic styles of these artifacts bear closer resemblance to styles common to more-northern regions of the Near East, lead study author Eadaoin Harney, a doctoral candidate in the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University, told Live Science in an email.
The scientists sampled DNA from bone powder from 48 skeletal remains and were able to reconstruct genomes for 22 individuals found in the cave. That makes this one of the largest genetic studies of ancient DNA in the Near East, the researchers reported.
Blue eyes and fair skin
The scientists found that these individuals shared genetic features with people from the north, and those similar genes were absent in farmers who lived in the southern Levant earlier. For example, the allele (one of two or more alternative forms of a gene) that is responsible for blue eyeswas associated with 49 percent of the sampled remains, suggesting that blue eyes had become common in people living in Upper Galilee. Another allele hinted that fair skin may have been widespread in the local population as well, the study authors wrote.
"Both eye and skin color are traits that are controlled by complex interactions between multiple alleles, many — but not all — of which have been identified," Harney explained.
"The two alleles that we highlight in our study are known to be strongly associated with light eye and skin color, respectively, and are often used to make predictions about the appearance of various human populations in ancient DNA studies," she said.
However, it is important to note that multiple other alleles can influence the color of eyes and skin in individuals, Harney added, so "scientists cannot perfectly predict pigmentation in an individual."
The scientists also discovered that genetic diversity increased within groups over time, while genetic differences between groups decreased; this is a pattern that typically emerges in populations after a period of human migration, according to the researchers.
A dynamic past
By presenting DNA from the distant past, these findings offer exciting new insights into the dynamic ancient world and the diverse human populations that inhabited it, said Daniel Master, a professor of archaeology at Wheaton College in Illinois.
"One of the key questions of the Chalcolithic has always been to what extent the groups in Galilee were connected to the groups in the Be'ersheva Valley or the Jordan Valley or the Golan Heights," Master, who was not involved in the study, told Live Science in an email.
"The publication of the artifacts from Peqi'in has shown many cultural links between these regions, but it will be interesting to see, in the future, whether those links are genetic as well," Master said.
The researchers' results also resolve a long-standing debate about the pivotal factor that changed the trajectory of the Chalcolithic peoples' unique culture, Shalem said in the statement.
"We now know that the answer is migration," she said.
REMAINS OF ANCIENT EXTRATERRESTRIAL LABORATORY DISCOVERED IN CHINA
REMAINS OF ANCIENT EXTRATERRESTRIAL LABORATORY DISCOVERED IN CHINA
Thirteen years ago, a group of Chinese researchers located and explored an ancient structure so unusual that an extraterrestrial hypothesis was promptly taken into consideration.
The fascinating ruins were discovered in the remote wilderness that makes up most of the intersection between China’s Qinghai province and the Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. Throughout history, humans have seldom settled in this harsh and inhospitable area. Only occasionally, migrant herdsmen pass through the mountainous regions to the north.
No industrial facilities can be found in the zone, much less the remnants of civilizations with advanced metalworking capabilities.
Despite this, atop a rocky ridge called Mt Baigong lies a pyramid-shaped ruin with three triangular entrances. Two of them are collapsed but the remaining one leads into an artificially-dug cave going deep into the heart of the mountain. Embedded in the cave walls and floor are hundreds of ancient metal pipes, arranged in what appears to have been a sophisticated network of unknown purpose and origin.
The rusted pipes range from toothpick-sized to 1.5 feet in diameter and connect the cave to nearby Toson Hu, a saltwater lake 300 feet away. On the northern shore of Lake Toson, erosion exposed hundreds more of these archaic ducts. This detail led researchers into believing whoever built the pipework either used it as a drainage system or as a way to pump saltwater from the lake.
Baffled by the complexity of the network of pipes, the researchers took samples of the strange metallic tubes to the Beijing Institute of Geology for analysis. That’s when they had their biggest surprise.
Making use of a process called thermoluminescence dating, the scientists were able to analyze the pipes’ crystalline structure and determined they had been subjected to extreme heat approximately 140-150,000 years ago. In other words, the pipes had been smelted long before humans started dabbling in metalworking. An advanced civilization building complex structures 145,000 before us? Could it have been alien?
The chemical analysis revealed even stranger details. The pipes had been smelted using a strange alloy composed of 92% common metals and minerals like ferric oxide, silicon dioxide and calcium oxide but it also contained 8% unknown materials. This intriguing aspect did not prove the pipes were out of this world but it did pave the way for speculation.
Unable to identify the exotic 8 percent, researchers turned to the remaining constituents and discovered another puzzling aspect: the pipes contained a proportion of silica that is specific to Mars.
The news fell like a bomb, the story quickly went viral and people started flocking to Mt Baigong to gawk at the anomalous artifacts. They even erected a monument with a satellite dish on top, a direct reference to the efforts to contact extraterrestrial civilizations.
Chilling, disturbing, and incomprehensible are these images. The year 2010, and a discovery is made. Images are provided with an unarguable truth that this is not only real, but shocking. Beasts of the bible make up what we know as the earth’s crust. Figures of common Biblical beasts like the bear and the dragon, are not only found in the images of the earth, but are proven in relative size and figuration. These images are haunting. What will this discovery lead to? How will these images change how we think of the world? These are questions we must answer when discovering things that flip the script of what we thought we once knew.
As a consequence, the Chinese Government closed off the area and posted guards at the entrance to the cave. This attitude is highly suspicious, to say the least.
Skeptics say the Baigong pipes are nothing more than fossilized tree roots that somehow got lodged in sediment, hardening over the years and eventually becoming the unusual structures that stumped everyone. If this is the case, why would the authorities step in and have the military guard the site?
This situation led conspiracy theorists to believe Mt Baigong was once visited by an advanced extraterrestrial race, possibly originating from Mars. For whatever reason, they constructed an artificial pyramid on top of the mountain, housing what appears to have been a laboratory. This theory is intriguing for a number of reasons.
The entire area surrounding the mountain consists of wide expanses of flat terrain that would have been an ideal landing site for large spacecraft. The mountaintop makes for a perfect vantage point one could use to oversee landings and takeoffs.
Recently, mineral explorations have shown the area contains various ore deposits. Any industrious civilization, no matter how advanced, could see the utility of extracting and managing these resources. In order to do so, they would have needed some type of energy source and that is where the pipes’ purpose might become obvious.
The Chinese scientists wondered why the pipes went into saltwater when another freshwater lake was even closer to the pyramid. Why the need for water containing a greater percentage of sodium chloride? Let’s examine some of our own activities and perhaps we can find an answer.
Modern chemistry and manufacturing makes use of a process called electrolysis, which basically requires passing an electric current through a solution or a molten substance. This triggers a chemical reaction which allows for the separation of materials. When water undergoes electrolysis, it breaks down into hydrogen and oxygen but this only works when saltwater is used. And it’s worth noting that a mixture of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen is commonly used as rocket fuel.
Lake Toson
Admittedly, this is all speculation but when combined, the totality of the details start painting a clear picture for the open-minded:
• Scientists discover ancient artifacts that predate modern history. • Evidence suggests they were part of a much more complex structure. • Complexity of said structure suggests the presence and activity of an advanced civilization, possibly from Mars. • Government intervenes and prevents access.
This scenario seems all too familiar to overlook.
Naturally, some have claimed the Baigong pipes are nothing more than a hoax. Unfortunately, this proposition seems to ignore the facts. The Chinese Government is well-known for its attitude towards those who sabotage the country’s image in the eyes of the rest of the world. It would have taken measures to punish those responsible for spreading false information rather than occupying the ancient pyramid.
Whatever the truth behind this perplexing discovery might be, one thing is certain: it doesn’t seem to fit in any of our traditional textbooks.
Vast 3,000-Year-Old Underground Tunnels And Bodies Discovered At Ancient Aztec Temple
Vast 3,000-Year-Old Underground Tunnels And Bodies Discovered At Ancient Aztec Temple
Old technology and new came together recently at a Peruvian Aztec temple when centuries-old archaeology combined with 21st-century robotics.
The footage was revealed showing underground tunnels said to be 3,000 years old with bodies inside them after people were sacrificed following ancient rituals.
Archaeology Meets 21st Century Technology to Find Bodies in Tunnel
The archaeologists unearthed the tunnels at the temple in the Andean area of Peru in Ancash, by managing to crawl along with inch their way through small passageways so they could gain access to the site. The team of archaeologists discovered a maze situated in underground galleries in the place the Chavin de Huantar temple was built. However, their adventures came to an abrupt end when they found a tunnel they were unable to traverse as it was too small. Not giving up they turned to new technology and robots.
The robot used by the team had wheels, according to the team, it is able to find fragments of ceramic, along with tools along with human skeletons. Archaeologists guided the remote-controlled robot into the small tunnel with a camera on top of it. The robot managed to take photos inside the tunnel that revealed it stretched a long way. The archaeologists realized there was something in the tunnel when they spotted objects in the foreground.
Tunnels Date Back to Between 1,200 and 200 BC
The 35 underground tunnels are interlinked, with archaeologists dating them to between 1,200 and 200 years BC. John Rick, a Stanford University professor said:
"We have found at least three people in one of the galleries. One of them is a small boy, the other one is a teenager and the other one is a young man, between 20 and 30 years old."
Priests Along with Authority Figures Used Architecture to Portray Higher Powers
It is thought that priests along with those in authority used the architecture of the tunnels to carry out rituals using drugs, light manipulation, and noise. The pilgrims could not explain the happenings inside the tunnels, which led them to believe that the leaders in Chavin had higher powers. The bodies inside the tunnel are thought to have been people who had been sacrificed. The archaeologists said that one of the skeletons found had been lying face down on the ground.
The discovery of the tunnels along with the bodies in them is said to be one of the most important of archaeological findings in the last 50 years. It is also thought the tunnels were used in the rescue of 72 hostages in Lima, the capital of Peru, during 1997. The hostages were from the Japanese embassy.
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Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
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