Study finds ancient Hydrothermal vents on Mars ‘cradle for alien life’ on Red Planet

Have we found indirect evidence that in the distant past, the red planet met all the necessary conditions for life?

According to experts, these results indicate that it is possible that a Martian basin once hosted life as well.

Mars continues to surprise. Researchers have found ancient hydrothermal vents that could have been ‘a cradle for life’.

The study of data obtained by NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) led to the finding of evidence of ancient hydrothermal deposits on the seabed on Mars, something that could be instrumental in obtaining clues about the origin of life on earth.

Based on studies of the Eridania basin, a Martian region with ancient geological formations, experts were able to identify various minerals that show a pattern backing the existence of hydrothermal deposits.

According to Paul Niles, one of the authors of the research, the region on Mars suggests that there was a sea of hydrothermal activity and that the combination of water and volcanic activity created conditions “probably similar” to that which occurred on Earth, precisely at the moment when life began to evolve.

The study, titled “Ancient Hydrothermal Seafloor Deposits in Eridania Basin on Mars“, recently appeared in the scientific journal Nature Communications.

“It is very similar to the hydrothermal environments of the Earth: without a pleasant atmosphere, with only rocks and water,” explains the expert. According to the study, the so-called Eridan Sea is likely to have emerged some 3.7 billion years ago.

The Eridania basin of southern Mars is believed to have held a sea about 3.7 billion years ago, with seafloor deposits likely resulting from the underwater hydrothermal activity.

Credit: NASA

“Even if we never find evidence that there’s been life on Mars, this site can tell us about the type of environment where life may have begun on Earth. Volcanic activity combined with standing water provided conditions that were likely similar to conditions that existed on Earth at about the same time — when early life was evolving here.”

Even though Mars today may seem a lifeless, cold planet, around 3.7 billion years ago, it was a very different place with water and even volcanic activity. Evidence of that is the vast fluvial deposits and sedimentary basins NASA has discovered on the surface of the planet.

One of the best examples of this is the Gale Crater, once believed to have been a major lake bed, and one of the main study area for NASA’s Curiosity Rover.

Illustrates showing the origin of some deposits in the Eridania basin of southern Mars resulting from seafloor hydrothermal activity more than 3 billion years ago.

Credit: NASA

Due to the fact that we now know that Mars once had surface water and volcanic activity, experts are able to conclude that it also experienced hydrothermal activity—something that occurs when volcanic vents open into bodies of water willing them with hydrated minerals and heat.

“This site gives us a compelling story for a deep, long-lived sea and a deep-sea hydrothermal environment,” Niles said. “It is evocative of the deep-sea hydrothermal environments on Earth, similar to environments where life might be found on other worlds — life that doesn’t need a nice atmosphere or temperate surface, but just rocks, heat and water.”

Basically, what we found on Mars is the type of hydrothermal activity responsible for the emergence of life on Earth. So if this may have kicked off life on Earth, who says the same did not happen on Mars, billions of years ago?

Source: Ancient hydrothermal seafloor deposits in Eridania basin on Mars

 { https://www.ancient-code.com/ }

18-10-2017 om 22:09 geschreven door peter  

The truth is out there: the history of Edinburgh’s UFO hotspot

The skies over Edinburgh have been home to many mysterious UFO sightings over the years

(Photo: Jeff J Mitchell / Getty Images)

Andrew Hennessey

The area around Edinburgh has more reported UFO sightings than anywhere else on earth.

I was born into a family originally from Gorebridge, the ‘hotspot’ of alien activity in Scotland today.

With a mother who passed on to me at an early age her knowledge of the Scottish psychic tradition of ‘second sight’, I had a natural attraction to the subject – beginning with the supernatural, but moving very quickly on to the entities of alien encounters.

Unidentified objects and mysterious encounters have been reported in the ‘Falkirk Triangle’

(Photo: Andrew Hennessey)

Since the 1980s I have been researching UFOs, conspiracies and the paranormal, documenting my own observations and conclusions – some of which are controversial.

1. The Robert Taylor Incident

In Central Scotland, the skies always seem to be busy, and not just with the landing lights of jets on their way into our airports.

To quote one Falkirk Triangle alien abductee, G Wood, who was lifted from his car on the A70 road in 1992:

“They’re here and they’re [still] coming here.”

Modern tales of UFO close encounters in Scotland really begin with the so-called Robert Taylor Incident, which took place in 1979 at Dechmont Woods, near Livingston.

Later recorded by the police as a criminal assault by an unknown or alien entity, Robert Taylor, a local forester, was accosted at night by a UFO as it was scouting over his area of the wood.

According to Taylor, he saw a large flying dome hovering above the forest floor. He then smelled a foul odour, and smaller spheres began dragging him towards the larger dome, before he lost consciousness. 

Several similar incidents were to follow in this central region of Scotland, stretching from Stirling to Falkirk and back to the southern fringes of Edinburgh. The area has since become known as ‘The Falkirk Triangle’.
 

2. The folklore of Gorebridge

Gorebridge is a small, ex-coal mining town about 15 miles south of Edinburgh.

My family originally comes from this area, and like so many others, its men had been miners.

Drafted to fight in both world wars, they returned to a community undergoing change.

This photo shows and alleged sighting of a ‘grey’ alien at Gowkshill near Gorebridge

(Photo: Andrew Hennessey) 

For, in amongst the hustle and bustle of these human affairs and operating the deepest mines in Scotland, there had also been a long-simmering, non-human agenda of secret meetings and whispered stories of the ‘others’ amongst us. 

This excerpt from poem The Ballad of the Gore, dating back to 1916, alludes to the supernatural ‘auld races’.

“… Proud Arniston; in ‘fairs o’ state

for ages Laird and son

Soldiers, Lawyers, Statesmen great

richt sterlin’ work has done,

Wae on the day shouldt frae’t be gone

The auld race o’ Dundas;

May that ne’er be, but lang there reign

its Leddy and its Lass ….”

The Gorebridge story with its ‘auld races’ started within stone-lined tunnel networks, allegedly linking archaic stone circles and underground cities.

These faerie stories have been woven together into a rich tapestry of local folklore by local collectors, such as Mary Macleod Banks in the 1930s.

But the Edinburgh area doesn’t just have a historic link to folklore and the supernatural – incidents are still happening to this day.

3. Alien encounters in Scotland

Gorebridge, today, continues to display all the hallmarks of an active alien presence and occupation zone.

Many of the encounters there can only be described as intimidating or surreal, which Dr J A Hynek (the father of Ufology) characterised in his 1978 speech to the UN as ‘high strangeness’, an extreme ‘oddness’, symptomatic of alien encounters.

The Gorebridge ‘camp’ is the site of what is believed to be an operational alien base near an abandoned mine, and nearby is Dalhousie Castle, the location of a well-documented alien abduction.

Edinburgh and the surrounding area is one of the most active alien hotspots in the world (Photo: Andrew Hennessey)

Both historically and more recently, there have been regular UFO sightings above and over the area of an extensive cavern system that also takes in Rosslyn to the west, and Gifford and Goblin Halls to the east.

Reports from this area have spoken of:

– observing/filming massive low-level ships, many shapes and sizes

– alien use of small glowing UAVs which can vanish

– seeing operational stargates near the cavern systems

– time slip

– harassment and interception from Men in Black-

– over-flying ships and 40 spherical, black drones above Barleyknowe Road at rooftop height

– black choppers, under 200 feet

– cattle mutilations on film

– lights at the old mine

– alien materialisation

– greys and alien equipment photographed in the woods

– holographic shape-changing hardware that mimics military vehicles and aircraft

These incidents are still on-going in east-central Scotland, including the capital itself, which adds greatly to the lore of ancient secrets being enacted today before our cameras and our eyes.

Andrew Hennessy is an experienced ufologist and folklorist.

{ https://inews.co.uk/ }

18-10-2017 om 21:56 geschreven door peter  

UFOs in Glasgow which have left people across the world baffled

Here we examine four of the strangest UFOs captured on film in the city.

Julie Gilbert

UFO spotted over Glasgow skyline 

(Image: MUFON)

Glaswegians are not easily led by tall tales of creatures from other worlds, but sometimes things happen which we just can't explain.

Around 20 UFO sightings across the city have been reported to international UFO logging site MUFON in the past eight years.

And some of the spotters were even able to grab pictures of the UFOs.

Here we examine four of the strangest captured on film.

1. The rapidly moving ball in the sky

This picture was uploaded in March this year but related to an incident which happened around on Christmas day 2009.

The spotter says they were with a friend in a town near Glasgow and walking towards a residential area when a round, glowing object overhead began moving rapidly towards them.

They say it moved too fast to be a Chinese Lantern and was not a star or a comet.

They posted to MUFON: "It was like nothing we had seen. Much too big to be a star, definitely not a comet, too fast to be a Chinese lantern.

"As it became closer overhead it slowed down and descended before ascending very rapidly and vanishing into the clouds.

"We were both quite scared by it and shaking a little, even though we did not see it close up we both thought because of the direction and speed it was going it may land on top of us.

"We uploaded the photographs that were taken to our computer and they turned out pretty blurry, mainly because the zoom on the camera was not so good and possibly because of the speed of the object.

'It was not a windy evening, quite still and the object made no noise, and had no wings or anything like that."

2. Seasoned stargazer spots UFO through binoculars

A seasoned Glaswegian stargazer, who regularly surveys the heavens through his telescope and binoculars, spotted something very out of the ordinary back in August 2009.

He was examining the skies with his binoculars, when he saw a perfect cube appear, move, accelerate backwards and then disappear.

The spotter said: "I saw a perfect cube appear right before my eyes! I was looking at Zubeneschamali, which is the beta star in Libra, when the cube just came out of nowhere

"Speechless, I quickly spotted it with the binoculars, through which I saw a brilliant perfect cube with an illuminated border.

"It changed colour from blue to aqua-green and stopped cold.

"People have told me it was a satellite but know satellites have a very smooth consistent speed and direction, satellites do not just appear in the sky at a single spot, then progressively drift, speed up, slow down and stop, they definitely do not change colour and noway can they change direction.

"If anything in the sky can reverse directing at sharp angles "instantly" its a fair to say its not man made, the force on the object would rip it apart."

3. Craft with row of lights hiding in the clouds

If you look towards the left side of this photograph, at the bottom of the clouds, you can see a row of lights which arguably could be a UFO.

The spotter of this craft above the skyline did not notice the lights themselves in the first instance.

It was only later when clearing out his camera that he came saw them and uploaded them to MUFON in 2012.

The spotter said: "On finding these shots I put the image into Photoshop as I wanted to get a clearer look at the image on the left hand side in the clouds.

"I can say there is no way it could be an known aircraft.

"First thing is the size, then the faint out line and the order of the lights are not what I am aware of as standard configurations.

"It had me more than a little shocked."

4. Ball of light over the Kingston Bridge

The sighting, which took place in October 2015, appeared to show a glowing ball, which the spotter likened to a 'smaller sun' hanging over the Kingston Bridge.

{  http://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/ }

18-10-2017 om 21:19 geschreven door peter  

CLASSIFIED PHOTOS FROM NASA OF BIG EXTRATERRESTRIAL VEHICLES TAKEN BY ASTRONAUTS & ROBOTIC PROBES

Above is an excerpt of a lecture given by Robert (Bob) Dean, a retired US Army Command Sergeant Major who served for 28 years. In the lecture below, he provides a wealth of mind-altering information that corroborates with what many other whistleblowers have shared.

The lecture was given in July 2009 at the European Exopolitics Summit, which took place in Barcelona and was filmed by Project Camelot.

Dean is one of hundreds, if not thousands, of people with verified credentials coming forward to share what they have experienced during their military careers. With regards to the statement above, former Canadian Defence Minister Paul Hellyer has also mentioned the same report that Dean refers to, stating in an interview with RT news that “they decided to do an investigation, and they investigated for three years, and they decided that, with absolute certainty, that four species, four different species, at least, have been visiting this plant for thousands of years.” He also mentions “there’s been a lot more activity in the last few decades, since we invented the atomic bomb.” (source)

Recommended Book: Unacknowledged: An Exposé of the World’s Greatest Secret

“Yes there have been crashed craft, and bodies recovered. . . . We are not alone in the universe, they have been coming here for a long time. I happen to be privileged enough to be in on the fact that we have been visited on this planet, and the UFO phenomenon is

— Apollo 14 astronaut Dr. Edgar Mitchell (source)(source)(source)

The fact that hundreds of such people, many of whom hold high-ranking positions, have been speaking up about this topic for decades is fascinating. It’s pretty hard to believe that so many people with verified credentials would all lie about something that could so easily damage their careers.

Image of the infamous Phoenix Lights sighting.

Although there is no definitive way to prove to the ‘mainstream’ world that ET is real, we now have hundreds of thousands of documents from multiple countries putting to rest the question “Do UFOs exist?” We know they do from these documents, which show objects are tracked on radar, spotted by the pilots sent to intercept, and in some cases, simultaneously tracked on ground radar.

Information like this, particularly the fact that agencies are working to uncover the truth, shouldn’t really come as a surprise.

The CIA has a long history of putting resources toward studying this phenomenon, in fact, as well as investigating what other countries know about it as well. For example, another unclassified document outlines:

Scientists of the PRC and the Soviet Far East have begun joint study of UFO’s. The first meeting of ufologists of the two countries has ended in the small maritime townlet of Dalnegorsk. The Soviet and Chinese specialists on anomalous phenomena have mapped out a program for investigating incidents that are already known and have also arranged to directly exchange video and photographic materials on new similar phenomena. Dalnegorsk has not been chosen by chance as the place for such acquaintance. In the last few years the number of cases of visual observation of UFO’s has noticeably increased there. In just the last four years alone no less than 10 UFO’s have been recorded. Specialists link their heightened interest in places here with the variety and wealth of useful minerals in Maritime Kray. Similar, incidents have also occurred in mountainous regions in China whose climatic conditions and natural landscape resemble our own.

In many cases, these testimony are given by the people involved in the incident, the military personnel mentioned in the actual files.  For example, here is one dealing with an incident that took place over the Atlantic, and here is the witness testimony to match it from Graham Bethune, a retired Navy commander pilot.  You can read more about that story here.

Related CE Article: This is What Happens When A “UFO” Is Tracked On Military Radar

Dean also had some choice words for NASA:

Ladies and gentlemen, my government, NASA, which many of us in the United States say stands for Never A Straight Answer, proceeded to erase 40 rolls of film of the Apollo Program — the flight to the Moon, the flight around the Moon, the landings on the Moon, the walking guys here and there. They erased, for Christ’s sake, 40 rolls of film of those events. Now we’re talking about several thousand individual frames that were taken that the so-called authorities determined that you did not have a right to see. Oh, they were ‘disruptive,’ ‘socially unacceptable,’ ‘politically unacceptable.’ I’ve become furious. I’m a retired Command Sergeant Major. I was never famous for having a lot of patience.

Listen to the full lecture below. Where you will see the photos.

Who’s Really in Control of Space?

This thing has gotten so highly-classified . . . it is just impossible to get anything on it. I have no idea who controls the flow of need-to-know because, frankly, I was told in such an emphatic way that it was none of my business that I’ve never tried to make it to be my business since. I have been interested in this subject for a long time and I do know that whatever the Air Force has on the subject is going to remain highly classified.”

– Senator Barry Goldwater, Chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee (source)

According to Herman Oberth, one of the founding fathers of rocketry and astronautics, “flying saucers are real and . . . they are space ships from another solar system. I think that they possibly are manned by intelligent observers who are members of a race that may have been investigating our Earth for centuries.”

If all of this information is true, it’s quite clear that “Never A Straight Answer” is indeed an appropriate name for NASA. I’ve mentioned it before and I’ll mention it again — the United States has a history of government agencies existing in secret for years. The National Security Agency (NSA) was founded in 1952, but its existence was hidden until the mid 1960s. The National Reconnaissance Office, too, was founded in 1960, but remained completely secret for 30 years.

Recommended Book: UFOs for the 21st Century Mind: A Fresh Guide to an Ancient Mystery

The same is probably true for space affairs….

In the interest of a short read, and given that there is a long lecture presented within this article, I’m going to link to some other related articles that go into more detail regarding the secret space program, as well as the moon landing and film/footage from the moon, which Dean refers to above.

Related CE Articles:

“They’re Parked On The Side of the Crater, They’re Watching us!” – When Neil Armstrong Landed on the Moon

Extraterrestrial Technology & The Secret Space Program: What We Haven’t Been Told For Nearly A Century

The United States Tried To Detonate A Nuclear Weapon On The Moon & Somebody Responded When We Did

New Study: Strange Structures & Passageways Leading Underground Discovered On Far Side of the Moon

Another Interesting Leak: A Second NASA Scientist Tells Us That ‘Somebody Else’ Is On The Moon

U.S. Defence Physicist Spills The Beans On What’s Really Happening On The Moon

What Really Happened When NASA Went To The Moon? Why The Official Story Is Very Questionable

Russian Government Cals For International Investigation Into U.S. Moon Landings & For Good Reasons

Ex NASA Scientists Share Concealed Information About The Face & Pyramid Found On Mars

The US Just Split Their Air Force To Create A Space Corps. Is The Militarization of Space Here? 

Lockheed Executive Blows Lid off of Secret Government Space Travel (Quantum Entanglement) 

18-10-2017 om 21:00 geschreven door peter  

Châteauneuf-du-Pape, located in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region in southeast France, is one of the most celebrated wine producing villages in all of France. It also has one of the wackiest wine laws in the world, one borne out of 1950s UFO hysteria.

The village and its vineyards have an interesting history that dates all the way back to 1308. Châteauneuf-du-Pape translates to The Pope’s new castle — which is exactly what Pope Clement V had in 1309 when he moved the Papacy from Rome to Avignon, a city just down the road from Châteauneuf-du-Pape. The Popes of Avignon and their Court were actually fans of Burgundian wine, as the local stuff was pretty lousy 700 years ago.

They, did however, make some major improvements to the local viticulture, figuring they might be there for a while (only 67 years in the end). Fast forward a few centuries, and we see that the contributions the Popes of Avignon made resulted in wines of such increased quality that the region was the first to seek out and receive protected AOC status.

Here’s where the story takes a turn for the bizarre. In September of 1954, a railway worker in northern France named Marius Dewilde claimed that late one evening his dogs started to bark, so eventually he followed them outside to the train tracks (he lived near the local train station). What happened next is best summed up by a New York Times dispatch a few days after the incident:

PARIS: A spate of reports of extraterrestrial visitors to France, coming from regions where the wine is more noted for its strength than its vintage, spread yesterday [Sept. 14] with the speed of a space-cadet. Marius Dewilde, a metal worker who lives at Quarouble (Department of the Nord), made known yesterday that he had seen what seemed to be two Martian visitors at his garden gate last Friday night. They alighted from a cigar-like machine which came to rest on the railway just outside his domicile. M. Dewilde described the visitors as of small stature, clad in something resembling a deep-sea diver’s costume. They had the appearance of human beings, M. Dewilde continued, but when he approached them the machine in which they had arrived set forth with a green beam of light which paralyzed him. When he recovered his sensibilities the cigar was taking off and the two beings had disappeared. The authorities have since noted unusual marks on the cross ties of the railway as though they had been made by the tail skid of some flying machine.

That “spate of reports” that spread across France “with the speed of a space-cadet” quickly made their way hundreds of miles south to Châteauneuf-du-Pape. Many of these reports were about objects that bore a cylindrical cigar-like appearance, rather than the typical saucer shape. Soon the French were in a panic about the threat of an encounter with a cigare volant, a “flying cigar.”

Marius Dewilde showing the train tracks where he encountered an alien for a French newspaper article.

What happens when you combine proud, provincial winemakers with a penchant for passing laws and a bout of pre-Space Age UFO hysteria? The local mayor, Lucien Jeune, and the village council sprung into action — to protect their vines, of course. They quickly passed a municipal decree to keep aliens out of the local skies and the vineyards. Yes, overflights were even banned:

Article 1. — The overflight, the landing and the takeoff of aircraft known as flying saucers or flying cigars, whatever their nationality is, are prohibited on the territory of the community.

Article 2. — Any aircraft, known as flying saucer or flying cigar, which should land on the territory of the community will be immediately held in custody.

Article 3. — The forest officer and the city policeman are in charge, each one in what relates to him, of the execution of this decree.

Whether the mayor was actually serious about the law or merely seeking publicity for his region’s wines — a result that definitely ensued — we can say one thing: The law worked. Châteauneuf-du-Pape has been alien and flying cigar-free ever since. At least as far as we know.

—

If Cigare Volant sounds familiar that’s because you’ve probably seen a bottle of Bonny Doon’s wine that carries the name. Randall Grahm, the winemaker and founder of Bonny Doon, earned the nickname the Rhône Ranger for championing Rhône varieties in California. Paying homage to the region, Grahm named one of his wines after the municipal decree and the events that inspired it.

18-10-2017 om 20:47 geschreven door peter  

JUST SOME LEAKED NASA UFO PHOTOS

Sightings of UFOs by astronauts that you really should see.

There have been many photos of supposedly UFOs shown online but these photos were taken by astronauts when they were in space.

OBJECT FROM APOLLO 13 MISSION 

A photo was said to have been taken from the Apollo 13 mission and it seems to show strange objects that appear travelling alongside them while they were travelling to the moon. One theory is that NASA sent an SOS to aliens to come and help the ship that was in trouble. The photo was shared on the Project Camelot website of Bob Dean.

PHOTO TAKEN FROM APOLLO 14 MISSION  

This photo was said to have been taken during the Apollo 14 mission and it was said to have been taken during the investigation of the Langberg crater on the Moon. The photo was on the Project Camelot website and Bob Dean said that strange things were happening in the crater and the astronauts were taking photos. While doing so a strange craft flew past them. Dean is a retired Command Sergeant Major in the Army who now devotes his life to UFOs.

CIGAR SHAPED UFO BY NEIL ARMSTRONG  

A photograph that was said to have been taken by Neil Armstrong has been revealed and for a lot of years, it has been said that Armstrong saw UFOs while he was going to the Moon and on the surface. The Apollo crew is said to have seen flashing lights pacing them, which was then suggested were lights of the Saturn 5 launch vehicle.

INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION PHOTO  

A photo recently got a lot of attention after it was posted from the International Space Station and Scott Kelly posted it on twitter. A strange object can be seen in the upper right-hand corner and it has been the subject of a great deal of debate. Some people think that it might be a UFO while others have said that it is just a part of the Space Station.

APOLLO 12 MISSION UFO PHOTO  

A photo taken during the Apollo 12 mission might look innocent enough but a UFO hunter thinks that the speck that is distant in the background is a UFO. He said that it wasn’t a problem with the photo as the same object was seen in over 30 images. He said that it might be an alien drone.

EUROPEAN EXOPOLITICS SUMMIT PRESENTATION  

MORE LEAKED IMAGES

RELATED ARTICLES

• TOP-Secret UFO Files LEAKED: UFO Found in Canada
• Leaked NASA Footage Proves Man Already Walked On Mars

{ http://www.disclose.tv/ }

18-10-2017 om 17:33 geschreven door peter  

UFOS, ANOMALIES, AND MORE: 20 MINUTES NASA FOOTAGE

We are not alone. The best 20 minutes today.

This is a compilation of the best shots of unknown objects and unexplained phenomena in space. All this was filmed by NASA or the Russian Space Agency.

What a nice video to watch!

{ http://www.disclose.tv/ }

18-10-2017 om 16:57 geschreven door peter  

Now that privately-owned aerospace firms are refining and researching new state-of-the-art rocket technologies, we can expect all sorts of new levels of intrigue and secrecy surrounding space flight. Publicly-funded NASA and other government agencies have to (allegedly) disclose certain amounts of information to the public, but commercial space firms have no such obligation. The undisputed leader in private spaceflight, SpaceX, is no stranger to secrets and conspiracy theories. Elon Musk’s revolutionary company has taken that secrecy even deeper this month with the under-the-radar addition of a shadowy rocket mission under the code name “Zuma.”

I like to believe (or hope) that Elon’s got humanity’s best interests in mind, though. I’m sure we’ll be fine.

The secretive SpaceX mission was noticed by aerospace watchdog site NASASpaceFlight.com which tracks commercial and government launches. The site noticed a last-minute change to SpaceX’s launch schedule for November, adding a mission numbered 1390 with the code name Zuma. Whatever the Zuma payload is, it be launched from a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from the LC-39A launchpad at the Kennedy Space Center. The rocket will then perform a RTLS (Return To Launch Site) landing at LZ-1 at Cape Canaveral after delivering its mysterious payload.

Although of all the people alive on Earth today, Elon Musk probably has the most potential to be a real-life Bond villain.

The only information available to the public concerning the Zuma launch is that the payload belongs to American aerospace and defense corporation Northrop Grumman and is labelled as governmental in nature. Some speculate that this could be what’s known as a “black commercial” mission, a type of shadowy joint project between private commercial firms and government agencies. The payload is likely some new type of reconnaissance satellite, but with all of the weirdness going on in space and new focus on space warfare, there’s no telling what Northrop Grumman might be launching.

{ http://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

18-10-2017 om 16:46 geschreven door peter  

Waste flushed from space shuttle simulates the plumes of icy moons, one scientist suggests

BY 

LISA GROSSMAN

SPACE SPEW  The same process that forces water out of flushed toilets on the space shuttle also applies to the gushing vents on Saturn’s moon Enceladus (shown).

SSI/JPL/NASA, EMILY LAKDAWALLA (MOSAIC)

The search for life may get an assist from the call of nature. Astronomers can learn how to study the plumes of subsurface ocean water spewing from icy moons like Saturn’s Enceladus from an unlikely source: Space toilets.

Future spacecraft might scoop up samples of Enceladus’ plumes. Figuring out what to expect is tricky: It’s hard to replicate the plumes in Earth-based labs. But astronauts have already done natural experiments in venting water to space, Ralph Lorenz, a planetary scientist at Johns Hopkins University, pointed out October 17 at an American Astronomical Society meeting in Provo, Utah.  

Candid discussions of space waste are scarce in the scientific literature. “It’s very hard to find this stuff written down,” says Lorenz, who is designing future missions to Saturn’s moons. “I don’t know if the human spaceflight community is squeamish about it.”

KNOCK IT OFF An ice crystal that formed from venting fuel cells during the first flight of the space shuttle Discovery in 1984 grew so long it had to be knocked off with a robotic arm.

NASA

But there are clues. For instance, during the 1984 flight of the space shuttle Discovery, a 60-centimeter icicle grew from a fuel cell vent. That process could hint at how big ice particles in plumes can grow.

And dents on the Japanese Space Flyer Unit, retrieved from orbit by the space shuttle Endeavour in 1996, revealed traces of phosphorus and sulfur. Those may have been from urine ice particles flushed from Endeavour that rained on the spacecraft, an analysis published in 2000 in Advances in Space Researchsuggested. That might be good news for finding biosignatures at Enceladus — molecules associated with life could be preserved in ice from the plumes.

Citations

R. Lorenz. Space toilets and ocean worlds: What spacecraft water dumps tell us about plumes on Enceladus and Europa. American Astronomical Society Division of Planetary Sciences Meeting, Provo, Utah, October 17, 2017.

H. Yano et al. Origins of micro-craters on the SFU spacecraft derived from elemental and morphological analyses. Advances in Space Research. Vol. 25, 2000, p. 293. doi: 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00947-3.

Further Reading

M. Rosen. The ice of a distant moon. Science News. Vol. 185, May 2, 2014, p. 20.

A. Yeager. Food for microbes found on Enceladus. Science News. Vol. 191, May 13, 2017, p. 6.

{ https://www.societyforscience.org/ }

18-10-2017 om 00:35 geschreven door peter  

Life on Mars CONFIRMED? Aliens could be living UNDERNEATH surface in shock discovery

AFTER years of looking for aliens on Mars, it has been discovered they could actually be living UNDERGROUND.

By Nicholas Bieber 

Boffins have made the shock discovery that alien life could be living underneath the surface of the Red Planet.

Scientists carried out experiments that mimicked conditions on Mars, in which they created “mimetic Martian water”.

They then included an unusual salt – magnesium perchlorate – which was found in soil on Mars by the Phoenix Lander craft in 2009.

“With an average surface temperature of -55° Celsius, water itself cannot exist as a liquid on Mars, but concentrated solutions of perchlorate could survive these low temperatures.

“The magnesium perchlorate is clearly a major contributing factor on the freezing point of this solution and paves the way for understanding how a fluid might exist under the sub-freezing conditions of Mars.”

The finding could back the claim by conspiracy theoriests that underground alien cities lie underneath the surface of Mars.

And the scientist adds it does raise interesting questions about the possibility of life on Mars.

{ http://www.dailystar.co.uk/ }

18-10-2017 om 00:11 geschreven door peter  

The View points out the shocking similarity between Kellyanne Conway and ‘nutty’ UFO-abducted candidate

17-10-2017 om 23:50 geschreven door peter  

If you listen closely, you may hear motorcycles approaching from the distance. Or maybe it sounds more like bees swarming. Perhaps it just sounds like a sci-fi background tone, meant to build tension. Whatever you think two neutron stars sound like as they spiral closer and closer together, though, it’s hard to deny that that final bloop isn’t startling — and even a bit silly.

On Monday, astronomers announced that they had observed gravitational wavessent out by two merging neutron stars for the very first time.

This is perhaps the most exciting discovery yet from the international collaboration between the U.S.-based Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory — LIGO — and the Italian Virgo observatory.

And even though this colossal merger didn’t make any sound, we can listen to a simulation of what it sounded like. It may seem strange that two ultra-dense neutron stars — each the size of our sun or larger — merging 130 million light-years away didn’t make noise. In the process, these merging stars produced massive amounts of gamma radiation and even created elements like gold and platnum.

But, perhaps most importantly, they also produced ripples in spacetime. These ripples, which we know as gravitational waves, occur at various frequencies, which scientists can translate into sound. Without further ado, here’s what this merger “sounded” .

As you can see, the previous merger measured by LIGO and Virgo were much briefer. The reason for this is the fact that this merger involved neutron stars, not black holes.

“While earlier detections of the black holes that we’ve made … only lasted for us a couple of seconds, or much less, this neutron star in-spiral lasted for over a minute,” LIGO spokesperson David Shoemaker told reporters on Monday. Inversereported on how this affects the merger:

The reason for this longer detection is that neutron stars, the smallest, densest stars known to exist, are much lighter than black holes. Whereas the merging black holes that created earlier gravitational wave detections were many times larger than the sun — the first detection in 2015 involved black holes of 29 and 36 solar masses — the neutron stars involved in this latest detection were only about the mass of the sun or maybe twice the mass of the sun.

So as the neutron stars spiraled in toward one another, they emitted high-frequency gravitational waves that fell within the range that Earth-based detectors could record.

“The result is that we can see the system for some 1,500 complete cycles of these two objects around each other,” said Shoemaker.

And that final bloop? That’s when the stars finally merged. By converting the frequency of gravitational waves into audio, the astronomers created what could potentially be the sickest hip-hop beats of all time.

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If you liked this article, check out this video on what would happen if an asteroid hit the middle of the ocean.

Photos via NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/CI Lab

{ https://www.inverse.com/science }

17-10-2017 om 23:41 geschreven door peter  

Microbes leave 'fingerprints' on Martian rocks

Scientists around Tetyana Milojevic from the Faculty of Chemistry at the University of Vienna are in search of unique biosignatures, which are left on synthetic extraterrestrial minerals by microbial activity. The biochemist and astrobiologist investigates these signatures at her own miniaturized "Mars farm" where she can observe interactions between the archaeon Metallosphaera sedula and Mars-like rocks. These microbes are capable of oxidizing and integrating metals into their metabolism. The original research was currently published in the journal Frontiers in Microbiology.

At the Department of Biophysical Chemistry at the University of Vienna, Tetyana Milojevic and her team have been operating a miniaturized "Mars farm" in order to simulate ancient and probably extinct microbial life – based on gases and synthetically produced Martian regolith of diverse composition. The team investigates interactions between Metallosphaera sedula, a microbe that inhabits extreme environments, and different minerals which contain nutrients in form of metals. Metallosphaera sedula is a chemolithotroph, means being capable of metabolizing inorganic substances like iron, sulphur and uranium as well.

To satisfy microbial nutritional fitness, the research team uses mineral mixtures that mimic the Martian regolith composition from different locations and historical periods of Mars: "JSC 1A" is mainly composed of palagonite – a rock that was created by lava; "P-MRS" is rich in hydrated phyllosilicates; the sulfate containing "S-MRS," emerging from acidic times on Mars and the highly porous "MRS07/52" that consists of silicate and iron compounds and simulates sediments of the Martian surface.

"We were able to show that due to its metal oxidizing metabolic activity, when given an access to these Martian regolith simulants, M. sedula actively colonizes them, releases soluble metal ions into the leachate solution and alters their mineral surface leaving behind specific signatures of life, a 'fingerprint," so to say," explains Milojevic. The observed metabolic activity of M. sedula coupled to the release of free soluble metals can certainly pave the way to extraterrestrial biomining, a technique which extracts metals from ores, launching the biologically assisted exploitation of raw materials from asteroids, meteors and other celestial bodies.

Using electron microscopy tools combined with analytical spectroscopy techniques, the researchers were able to examine the surface of bioprocessed Martian regolith simulants in detail. Cooperation with the workgroup of chemist Veronika Somoza from the Department of Physiological Chemistry was valuable to achieve these results. "The obtained results expand our knowledge of biogeochemical processes of possible life beyond earth, and provide specific indications for detection of biosignatures on extraterrestrial material – a step further to prove potential extra-terrestrial life," says Tetyana Milojevic.

 Explore further: Mimetic Martian water is under pressure

More information: Denise Kölbl et al. Exploring Fingerprints of the Extreme Thermoacidophile Metallosphaera sedula Grown on Synthetic Martian Regolith Materials as the Sole Energy Sources, Frontiers in Microbiology (2017). DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01918 

{ https://phys.org/ }

17-10-2017 om 23:16 geschreven door peter  

Spaceship-shaped cloud spotted over Boulder identified as lenticular cloud

Mark Belcher

Rebecca Dolmon

Rebecca Dolmon

BOULDER, Colo. — No, aliens are not invading Boulder, but excellent cloud formations may be. 

Dozens of eagle-eyed cloud hawks spotted a formation over the foothills that was interpreted by many to be spaceship-shaped. 

According to experts, the cloud can be clearly identified as an Altocumulus lenticularis — more commonly known as a lenticular cloud. 

The clouds, according to Denver7 Chief First Alert Meteorologist Mike Nelson, are formed when wind flows from west to east over the mountains. Moisture from the air drops as air falls rapidly into the foothills, leading to the interesting formation. 

Some scientists suggest the cloud formations can be attributed to many unexplained sightings of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). The cloud spotted over Boulder — while conveniently shaped — was easily identified in the morning light. 

When spotting a lenticular cloud, especially during the weekend, you might notice few planes nearby. They tend to avoid the turbulence, although glider pilots sometimes seek out the cloud formation for the swift air current, which can help them achieve speed and altitude gains. 

{ http://www.thedenverchannel.com/ }

17-10-2017 om 22:53 geschreven door peter  

Real-Life 'Replicants': 6 Humanoid Robots Used for Space Exploration

Photo Credit: Jim Grossmann/KSC/NASA

Humanoid Space Robots

"Blade Runner 2049" features biorobotic androids called "replicants" that closely resemble humans. But the replicants are stronger, faster, and possibly more resilient and intelligent. 

Some of these replicants even work in space. In the original "Blade Runner" (1982), a replicant named Roy Batty (Rutger Hauer) briefly talks about his experiences working off of planet Earth. The 1968 Philip K. Dick novel on which the movie was based, "Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?", also mentions androids being used for space labor.

While replicants are still far in the future, NASA and other space agencies already use humanoid robots to help do work in space. (Japanese officials hoped to put a humanoid on the moon in 2015, but that hasn't happened yet.) There are many other versions of space robots exploring our solar system — including rovers, satellites and space probes — but here are some examples of the humanoid robots that are doing work in space.

1. Robonaut (NASA)

2. Valkyrie (NASA)

3. RoboSimian (NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory)

4. Kirobo (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency)

5. Dextre (Canadian Space Agency)

6. AILA (German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence)

17-10-2017 om 22:44 geschreven door peter  

The day when a UFO outflew a fleet of Soviet Supersonic MiG 21 Jets

In 1975, a mysterious object looked like a bright ball, clearly visible, perhaps 10 times brighter than the brightest star in the sky. The UFO changed color incessantly and when it was approached by supersonic fighters, the object DISAPPEARED. The super fast MiGs could not get any closer to the UFO, let alone catch up with it. 

It was in 1975 when General Zvonimir Jurjevic commander of the 172nd Yugoslavian Air Force and Air Defense witnessed what he described as otherworldly spacecraft.

In January on 1975, the pilots of his squadron would meet with a UFO, face to face, for the first time ever as the enigmatic flying object burst into the sky, appearing in front of the fighter jets.

“The object looked like a bright ball, clearly visible, perhaps 10 times brighter than the brightest star at that time. The UFO changed color incessantly: white, yellow, light red, orange, and so on,” said Jurjevic during a news interview.

Mysteriously, the UFO appeared exactly 50 minutes into a flight every single time without fail, according to General Jurjevic. During that same month, the UFO appeared every day, always 50 minutes from takeoff. The pilots even deliberately delayed their take-off time, to test out the phenomenon, but that didn’t help as the UFO appeared, once again 50 minutes after take-off.

One day, more precisely on January 25, 1975, General Jurjevic decided to go after the UFO.

Exactly 50 minutes after the takeoff, the unidentified flying object appeared over the skies of the city of Cetinje.

As soon as the MiG fighter Jets started chasing it, the UFO changed course towards the city of Budva and disappeared in the sky.

This UFO was repeated for several days and Jurjevic communicated each incident to Belgrade.

One day, however, the general came up with a different strategy, to try to intercept the UFO once and for all.

Two aircraft were to take off, and two more fighter jets were to follow later, but taking off from a different airfield hoping to encircle the mystery craft. Pilots maintained radio silence during the entire flight.

Speaking to Sputnik News, General Jurjevic explained to Sputnik News: “I only just stabilized the flight somewhere over Cetinje, when suddenly the object flashed over Budva, and Lieutenant Machec saw it above Niksic.

“I ordered Machec to stay in place, and took a course parallel to the Adriatic coast, where I tried to establish at what distance the object was: it turned out that it was at about 10 kilometers.

“However, it did not allow me to get any closer to it. I reduced the speed — the distance was the same. I increased the speed – it was still the same ten kilometers.”

Two supersonic Soviet MiG-21s arrived from Belgrade, attempting to hunt down the unidentified flying object but without any luck.

Approaching it was literally impossible.

Suddenly, the craft fled at 1700 kilometers per hour; then out of nowhere, the UFO appeared tailing the pursuing planes; the super fast MiGs could not get any closer to the UFO, let alone catch up with it. 

Curiously, as reported by Sputnik News, the radar station on the Prevlaka peninsula could not “see” the object, however, when the two supersonic Soviet MiG-21s arrived from Belgrade, Yugoslav radars managed to record a strange signal in the sky.

The mysterious encounter of the skies of former Yugoslavia remains one of the greatest mysteries in Ufology.

READ MORE: Ancient Astronauts: Intriguing 10,000-year-old cave paintings in India show “Aliens and ufos“

{ https://www.nolimitszone.com/ }

17-10-2017 om 22:14 geschreven door peter  

Out-of-control Chinese space station is hurtling towards Earth

The Tiangong-1 Chinese space station, with a weight of around 8-and-a-half-tons, has accelerated its descent to Earth and is expected to crash in a few months, according to The Guardian.

In 2016, Chinese officials admitted that they had lost control of Tiangong-1.

Since then, China’s space agency has notified the UN that it expects the station to fall between October 2017 and April 2018.

Since then, the orbit of the station has been lower and lower as it drastically approaches our Atmosphere.

In recent weeks the station has entered denser layers of the atmosphere and began to fall faster.

Last week, the director of the manned space engineering office, Wu Ping, confirmed at a press conference that the unmanned station will fall sometime in the second half of 2017. “Based on our calculations and analysis, most parts of the space lab will burn during the fall, “she added, saying that it is unlikely to affect aviation activities or cause damage to the ground.

According to the astrophysicist of Harvard University (Massachusetts, USA), Jonathan McDowell, currently, the closest point to Earth in the orbit of Tiangong-1 is “below 300 kilometers.”

Although a large part of the space lab is expected to burn in the atmosphere, McDowell believes some parts of up to 100 kilograms in weight may reach the surface of the planet.

He adds that it is impossible to calculate the precise location where the impact will occur.

The Tiangong-1 — or “heavenly palace” — space station was launched in 2011 and was used for both manned and unmanned missions.

In addition, China’s first female astronaut, Liu Yang, visited the space station in 2012.

According to space archaeology expert Alice Gorman, from Flinders University, while China will be able to monitor its descent, it won’t be able to control where the station will crash.

Acceding to Dr. Gorman, Tiangong-1 is traveling at high speed — estimated at about 27,000 kilometers per hour — and will burn up when it re-enters Earth’s atmosphere.

“When it hits the atmosphere it will start to slow down and heat up, due to friction and atmospheric compression. As it heats, it will break up into burning fragments,” she added.

Experts note that it’s very unlikely that anyone will be harmed by the crash of the space station, or that anyone would see it at all, as scientists say it’s most likely that the 8-tone space station’s remains will drop somewhere into the sea. However, it’s still possible that it would crash somewhere near people.

READ MORE:  Buzz Aldrin: We were ORDERED away from the moon

{ https://www.nolimitszone.com/ }

17-10-2017 om 22:05 geschreven door peter  

Surid, aka Enoch: the REAL Pyramid builder? Ancient texts reveal jaw-dropping details

However, numerous authors argue that the dating of the Pyramid—and its true purpose—are completely wrong.

The Great Pyramid of Giza is one of the most marvelous and incredible monuments on the surface of the planet. Curiously, it is also the most sophisticated one, when it comes to design, engineering, and mathematics.

The Great Pyramid of Giza is a massive structure composed of approximately 2,300,000 stone blocks that weigh from 2 to 30 tons each and there are even some blocks that weigh over 50 tons. It’s huge. In fact, the ancient builders used so much stone to build the Great Pyramid of Giza that you could build a wall around the planet by using stone from the pyramid.

Mindboggling right?

But many other enigmas surround what is considered the most magnificent structure ever built.

The great Pyramid’s outer mantle was built of 144,000 casing stones, all of them highly polished and flat to an accuracy of 1/100th of an inch, about 100 inches thick and weighing approx. 15 tons each. It is sad that the casing stones that once covered the Great Pyramid of Giza were so bright that they reflected the sun’s light making the Pyramid shine like a jewel.

And while there are really fascinating details about the Great Pyramid of Giza which you can read about here, this time we focus more on what’s INSIDE the structure rather than what’s on the outside.

So, how do we know that the Pyramid was built around 2,500 BC, and that it was built, by Pharaoh Khufu?

Well, it turns out that the dating of the pyramid and its association with are based solely on the evidence found in 1837 by British explorer Richard Howard Vyse.

Not the most subtle Egyptologist and researcher, Howard Vyse and John Shae Perring worked with gunpowder forcing their way into several monuments, including the burial chamber of the pyramid of Menkaure.

The only evidence inside the Pyramid linking Khufu to the structure was uncovered by Vyse.

But there are a lot of things to ake into consideration there. Since stone cannot be carbon-dated, and no other inscriptions, except for the Pharaoh’s official monogram, were found inside the pyramid or anywhere else for that matter, the date has stood unchallenged for centuries. But, if Khufu was in fact the builder of the Pyramid—the most magnificent ancient structure on Earth—wouldn’t He have made sure that his name was forever associated with the Pyramid, by inscribing it on various places?

But not all is as it seems apparently. Not long ago new evidence surfaced that suggests that the discovery made by Colonel Vyse was in fact one of the greatest hoaxes in history, leading many authors to question everything related to Khufu and the Pyramid.

There are authors and researchers who have dared to go against mainstream history and suggest that Vyse may have forged the name of Khufu himself.

As it turns out, in 2014, two University of Dresden archaeology students apparently someone managed smuggled a sample of the paint used in the King Khufu markings and brought it back to Europe in order to analyze it in a laboratory.

The results revealed a shocking truth.

While the sample the two “archaeologists” brought back was too small for radiocarbon dating, technicians manage to determine that the pigment was not painted onto the original limestone blocks when the pyramid was built, but it was placed there on a later plaster repair.

What does this mean? Well simply put, it suggests that the cartouche was not original to the pyramid construction, but that it was in fact added at a much later date, giving rise to a conspiracy that Vyse fabricated the entire ‘discovery’.

But why on Earth would someone like Vyse—who obviously had a passion for the history of Ancient Egypt—do something like that?

Money talks now, and apparently it did the same hundreds of years ago. During his expedition to Egypt, Colonel Vyse spent a FORTUNE, nearly $1.3 million on to uncover the truth behind the Great Pyramid of Giza.

Many experts have suggested that Vyse may have kickstarted an early conspiracy and in his desperation to find something no one had found before, he decided to forge the cartouche of Khufu onto the chamber wall, thereby establishing an inaccurate date for the structure—which today is widely accepted  by historians and Egyptologists such as Selim Hassan, Zahi Hawass, Jaromir Malek, Professor Rosalie David or Bill Manley, or major museums such as the British Museum and the Egyptian Museum, all of whom accept that Khufu was the builder of the pyramid and by implication that Vyse’s cartouche is authentic.

Furthermore, Zecharia Sitchin accuses Vyse in his book The Stairway to Heaven of perpetrating the forgery because of Vyse’s “determination to obtain a major find as time and money were running out”.

The Great Sphinx and The Great Pyramid

This is a rare image of the Sphinx taken from a hot air balloon, in the early 19th century. This is before excavation and restoration.

So, if Khufu did not build the Pyramid, what about the Sphinx, when was the Sphinx carved and who commissioned it?

To understand more about te Sphinx we must look at the Inventory Stela, unearthed by archaeologists in 1858 which details several things but most importantly, it presents a list of 22 divine statues owned by a Temple of Isis, and goes on to claim that the temple existed since before the time of Khufu (c. 2580 BC).

The credibility of the Inventory Stela is viewed by Historians and Egyptologists with great caution.

So if the Sphinx existed since before the time of Khufu… who commissioned it then?

It get’s interesting.

According to an Arabian writer by the name of Ibrahim al-Maqrizi, the Great Pyramid was not constructed by Khufu, the Great Pyramid was constructed long before the Great Flood by a king with the name of Surid Ibn Salhouk, Surid for short, but we will get to that in a minute.

Interestingly, fourth-century Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus wrote that Inscriptions which the ancient asserted were engraved on the walls of certain underground galleries, constructed in the interior of certain pyramids, were intended to preserve ancient wisdom from being lost in the flood.

Getting back to the Pyramid, Arab scholars ascribed the Egyptian Pyramids and temples to an ANTEDILUVIAN AGE, writes Alan F. Alford in his book: Pyramid of Secrets— The Architecture of the Great Pyramid Reconsidered in the Light of Creational Mythology. Furthermore, the author notes that One popular tradition, drawing on Coptic and Hermetic lore, asserted that the builder of the Pyramids and Temples had been “the first Hermes” or “Hermes of Hermes”, otherwise known as Hermes Trismegistus on account of his threefold qualities od prophet, kind, and a wise man.

A second popular tradition, drawing on old Arab lore, maintained that the builder of the Pyramids was an antediluvian king by the name of Surid Ibn Salhouk. In the 13th century writes Alfard, it was suggested by one writer that the Pyramids had been built by a pre-Adamite race—inhabtants of an earlier Earth. These ideas eventually became merged to the extent hat “Surid” was identified as Hermes.

Arab writers named King Surid as the one who, having learned of the coming flood in a dream, erected the Pyramids as vaults to protect antediluvian books and artifacts.

Among the reporters of this particular legend are the astrologer Abumasar Balkhi, historian Abd al-Hokm, al-Masudi, and Ibrahim al-Maqrizi as mentioned earlier, all suggesting that Surid was Hermes or Enoch.

Hermes Trismegistus was either a contemporary of Moses, or the third in a line of men named Hermes, i.e. Enoch, Noah, and the Egyptian priest-king who is known to us as Hermes Trismegistus on account of being the greatest priest, philosopher, and king.

Staniland Wake writes in the Origin and Significance of the Great Pyramid that Masoudi who died in the year 967 A.D., professes to relate the Coptic tradition, which says, “that Surid Ben Shaluk Ben Sermuni Ben Termidun Ben Tedresan Ben Sal, one of the kings of Egypt before the Flood, built the two great pyramids; and notwithstanding they were subsequently named after a person called Shed-dad Ben Ad, that they were not built by the Adites, who could not conquer Egypt, on account of the powers which the Egyptians possessed by means of enchantment; that the reason for building the Pyramids was the following dream, which happened to Surid three hundred years previous to the Flood.

Masoudi describes the guardians assigned by the king to each pyramid.

“The guardian of the eastern pyramid was an idol of speckled granite, standing upright, with a weapon like a spear in his hand; a serpent was wreathed round his head, which seized upon and strangled whoever approached, by twisting round his neck, when it again returned to its former position upon the idol. . . . When everything was finished, he caused the Pyramids to be haunted with living spirits; and offered up sacrifices to prevent the intrusion of strangers, and of all persons excepting those who by their conduct were worthy of admission.”

The author then says, that, according to the Coptic account, the following passage was inscribed, in Arabic, upon the Pyramids: “I, Surid the King, have built these Pyramids, and have finished them in sixty-one years. Let him, who comes after me, and imagines himself a king like me, attempt to destroy them in six hundred. To destroy is easier than to build. I have clothed them with silk: let him try to cover them with mats.”

As noted by Wake, Surid may be the same as Suphis or Cheops, as in a papyrus said to have been found in the monastery of Abou-Hormeis, Surid is said to have been buried in the Eastern (Great) Pyramid, his brother Haukith in the western, and his nephew Karwars in the smaller pyramid. (Vyse, “Operations,” etc., vol. ii. p. 332.)—Surid appears to be given in the list of Manetho, under the name of Sôris, as the first king of the fourth dynasty. This king is, however, treated by M. Lenormant as non-historical. (Sec List of the Kings of Egypt, “Histoire Ancienne de l’Orient,” tom. ii. p. 430), and he refers to Khoufou (Suphis) the tablet at the mouth of the ancient mine at Sinai, which English Egyptologists ascribe to Soris (Shuré). The name of this king is also said to have been found in the tombs near Ghizeh, and in the quarry marks of the northern pyramid of Abou-Seir, which is, therefore, thought to be his tomb. (Sir J. G. ‘Wilkinson, in Rawlinson’s “Herodotus,” vol. ii. p. 344, 346).

Sources used:

• Pyramid of Secrets— The Architecture of the Great PyramidReconsidered in the Light of Creational Mythology
• The Origin and Significance of the Great Pyramid

• Sacred Texts
• Daily Grail

{ https://www.ancient-code.com/ }

17-10-2017 om 21:53 geschreven door peter  

Gravitational waves -- and light -- seen in neutron star collision

By WILLIAM HARWOOD CBS NEWS

On Aug. 17, gravity waves rippled through the solar system, slightly squeezing and stretching the space Earth occupies, the result of a catastrophic collision of two compact-but-massive neutron stars, producing a so-called "kilonova" explosion that seeded the local environment with a flood of heavy elements ranging from gold and platinum to uranium and beyond, scientists said Monday.

The two city-size neutron stars, one with 1.6 times the mass of the sun and the other with about 1.1 times the mass of the sun, were formed in supernova explosions about two billion years after the big bang in a galaxy 130 million light years from Earth.

Circling each other in a decaying orbit, the neutron stars finally crashed together at nearly the speed of light, radiating gravitational waves and a torrent of electromagnetic radiation that reached Earth at roughly the same moment 130 million years after the fact.

It was the first time the source of a gravitational wave event could be linked to a visible counterpart, allowing scientists to study the aftermath of the collision across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, from high-energy gamma radiation to X-rays, visible light, infrared and radio.

"What this means to me is equivalent to the transition from looking at a black-and-white picture of a volcano to sitting in a 3D IMAX movie that shows the explosion of Mt. Vesuvius," Laura Cadonati, a Georgia Tech researcher and LIGO spokeswoman, told reporters at a National Science Foundation news conference.

"The combined information of gravitational waves and light is bigger than the sum of its parts," she said. "From the combined information we're learning new things about physics, about the universe, about the elements we're made of."

An astronomical gold mine of sorts. Literally.

Theorists have long speculated that neutron star mergers could generate the enormous energies needed to synthesize elements heavier than iron. Supernova explosions also create heavy elements, but they alone cannot explain the observed abundances of gold, platinum, uranium and other heavy elements.

Analysis of light from the Aug. 17 kilonova event indicates the neutron star collision in a galaxy known as NGC 4883 did, in fact, seed the local environment with a flood of heavy elements.

The combined observations "revealed details that we've never seen before in any astronomical event, the direct fingerprints of the heaviest elements in the periodic table -- gold, platinum, and other elements," said Edo Berger, a Harvard University astronomer who led a team of observers.

"From the properties of the visible and infrared light, we conclude the total mass of heavy elements produced in this one single event is 16,000 times the mass of the Earth," he said. "Of this material, we estimate that about 10 times the mass of the Earth is in gold and platinum alone. So imagine this as you gaze at your jewelry or invest in gold futures."

The gravitational waves were detected at 8:41 a.m. on Aug. 17 by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, or LIGO, which in 2015 made the first detection of gravity waves generated by the merger of two black holes -- a discovery that won the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics.

This time around, the gravity waves were followed in seconds by detection of high-energy gamma rays by NASA's Fermi Space Telescope. It was the first direct confirmation that gravitational radiation travels at the speed of light.

Within the next few hours, more than 70 observatories around the world, along with seven space-based instruments, were on the look out for an optical counterpart.

Astronomers with the Carnegie Institution for Science and the University of California at Santa Cruz were the first to pinpoint the collision using the 1-meter Swope Telescope at the Cerro Las Campanas observatory in Chile. They spotted a brilliant blue "star" in the galaxy NGC 4883 in the constellation Hydra.

Along with visible light, astronomers quickly detected infrared radiation, ultraviolet emissions, X-rays and radio waves as the object faded from blue to red, all expected signals from a cataclysmic event like the merger of two neutron stars.

"We finally now know what happens when an unstoppable force meets and immovable object," said Andy Howell, a University of California-Santa Barbara astronomer. "And the answer is a kilonova."

Tony Piro, leader of the Carnegie team, said in a statement "the ability to study the same event with both gravitational waves and light is a real revolution in astronomy. We can now study the universe with two completely different probes, which teach us things we could never know with only one or the other."

LIGO has detected multiple black hole mergers, but black holes are, by definition, black, they do not generate light and cannot be directly seen. Astronomers predicted neutron star collisions would be visible if astronomers knew where to look.

The combination of LIGO's gravity wave detection and Fermi's detection of gamma rays narrowed the search and paved the way for the Swope telescope and others to find the cosmic needle in an equally cosmic haystack.

"We saw a bright blue source of light in a nearby galaxy, the first time the glowing debris from a neutron star merger had ever been observed," Carnegie astronomer Josh Simon said in a statement. "It was definitely a thrilling moment."

Simon and Carnegie astronomer Ben Shappee then used spectrographs mounted on the observatory's huge 6.5-meter Magellan telescopes to analyze the light.

"As we followed the glow of the explosion over the next few weeks, it showed some key characteristics of the radioactive decay of these heavy elements," said Maria Drout, a Carnegie researcher who helped guide the search. "This strongly suggests that these elements were synthesized following the merger, solving a 70-year-old mystery."

One yet-to-be-answered question: what sort of body was left after the two neutron stars merged?

"There are some signs, some observations that have been made that suggest it should be a black hole," said David Shoemaker, LIGO's lead spokesman. "But in terms of its mass and all of the gravitational wave data, it could be either one of the heaviest neutron stars that's ever been seen or one of the very lightest black holes that's ever been seen."

Eleonora Torja at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center believes the X-ray data shows a black hole is the most likely result.

"Very likely, the collision of two neutron stars resulted in a new black hole," she said. "And this black hole ejected a high-speed jet of energy and matter. This jet was carrying the same amount of energy that our sun radiates over millions of years, and it was expanding at close to the speed of light."

Neutron stars represent one of three possible outcomes when stars grow old, exhaust their nuclear fuel and either fade away or explode.

Stars like the sun remain stable, in a state of hydrostatic equilibrium, by balancing the outward pressure generated by nuclear fusion in the core with the inward pull of gravity. When a star runs out of nuclear fuel, fusion in the core stops, gravity takes over, the core collapses and the star's outer layers are blown away into space.

For stars like the sun -- and more than 90 percent of the stars in the Milky Way -- core collapse is halted by a quantum effect known as electron degeneracy pressure, produced when electrons are squeezed as closely together as allowed in normal matter. The result is a white dwarf, a slowly cooling stellar remnant with up to 1.44 times the sun's mass packed into a body the size of a small planet.

For larger stars, electron degeneracy is not enough to halt the core's collapse when it runs out of fuel. Instead, gravity squeezes the core to the point where electrons merge with protons to form a neutron star, a bizarre city-size body just a few miles across with a mass of two to three times that of the sun.

"Neutron stars are the hardest things in the universe, harder than a cue ball, harder than diamond, and we really wanted to see what would happen if you smashed two of them together at near the speed of light," said Howell.

"Neutron stars are like a giant atomic nucleus, only one 10 miles in diameter and composed entirely of neutrons. So this is like a cosmic scale atom smasher at energies far beyond what humans will ever be capable of building."

For collapsing stars with even more massive cores, gravity overcomes even the neutron degeneracy pressure that otherwise would create a neutron star. The doomed sun becomes a black hole with many times the mass of the sun concentrated in what amounts to an invisible gravitational sinkhole.

Gravitational wave astronomy offers a powerful new way to study such high-energy events.

Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves in 1916 in his general theory of relativity. The equations indicated that massive bodies under acceleration, like two merging black holes, neutron stars or the collapsing cores of huge stars in the death throes of supernova explosions, would radiate gravitational energy in the form of waves distorting the fabric of spacetime.

The LIGO observatory features two stations, one in Washington and the other in Louisiana, that each feature a pair of 2.5-mile-long vacuum tubes arranged in an L shape in which precisely tuned laser beams flash back and forth between multiple mirrors. A gravitational wave stretches space in one direction and compress it in a perpendicular direction.

The effects on local space are infinitesimal, making detection a high-technology challenge and a feat Einstein could never have imagined. The LIGO equipment is sensitive enough to measure changes in the distance traveled by the laser beams to less than the width of a proton.

On Sept. 14, 2015, LIGO recorded gravitational radiation for the first time. Analyzing the data, scientists realized they had the tell-tale signature of two black holes merging. The discovery was announced the following February.

{ https://www.cbsnews.com/ }

17-10-2017 om 21:29 geschreven door peter  

Gravitational Waves Detected from Neutron-Star Crashes: The Discovery Explained

17-10-2017 om 21:15 geschreven door peter